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name: WER
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# Pre-release of
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This is a pre-release of a Danish state-of-the-art speech recognition model, trained as part of the CoRal project by [Alvenir](https://www.alvenir.ai/).
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This repository contains a Wav2Vec2 model trained on the [CoRal-v2 dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/tree/main). The CoRal-v2 dataset includes a rich variety of Danish conversational and read-aloud data, distributed across diverse age groups, genders, and dialects. The model is designed for automatic speech recognition (ASR).
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## Model Details
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Wav2Vec2 is a state-of-the-art model architecture for speech recognition, leveraging self-supervised learning from raw audio data. The pre-trained [wav2vec2-xls-r-1b](https://huggingface.co/facebook/wav2vec2-xls-r-1b) has been fine-tuned for automatic speech recognition with the [CoRal-v2 dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/tree/main) dataset to enhance its performance in recognizing Danish speech with consideration to different dialects. The model was trained for 30K steps using the training setup in the [CoRaL repository](https://github.com/alexandrainst/coral/tree) by running:
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```
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python src/scripts/finetune_asr_model.py model=wav2vec2-medium max_steps=30000 datasets.coral_conversation_internal.id=CoRal-project/coral-v2 datasets.coral_readaloud_internal.id=CoRal-project/coral-v2
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```
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The model is evaluated using a Language Model (LM) as post-processing. The utilized LM is the one trained and used by [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1).
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- Conversation
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- Read-aloud
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- **Language**: Danish.
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- **Variation**: Includes various dialects, ages, and gender distinctions.
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### License
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Note that the dataset used is licensed under a custom license, adapted from OpenRAIL-M, which allows commercial use with a few restrictions (speech synthesis and biometric identification). See [license](https://huggingface.co/Alvenir/coral-1-whisper-large/blob/main/LICENSE).
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---
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## Evaluation
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The model was evaluated using the following metrics:
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- **Word Error Rate (WER)**: The percentage of words incorrectly transcribed.
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- **Character Error Rate (CER)**: The percentage of characters incorrectly transcribed.
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| Model | Number of parameters | Finetuned on data of type | [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) CER | [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) WER |
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| :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------: | --------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | 6.5% ± 0.2% | 16.3% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-whisper-large-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-whisper-large-v1) | 1540M | Read-aloud | **4.3% ± 0.2%** | **10.4% ± 0.3%** |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | 6.6% ± 0.2% | 17.0% ± 0.4% |
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**OBS!** Benchmark for hviske-v2 has been reevaluted and the confidence interval is larger than reported in the model card.
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| Model | Number of parameters | Finetuned on data of type | Postprocessed with Language Model | [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/alexandrainst/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) CER | [CoRal](https://huggingface.com/datasets/alexandrainst/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) WER |
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| :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------: | --------------------------: | --------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | Yes | **6.5% ± 0.2%** | **16.3% ± 0.4%** |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | No | 8.2% ± 0.2% | 25.1% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | Yes | 6.6% ± 0.2% | 17.0% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | No | 8.6% ± 0.2% | 26.3% ± 0.5% |
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### Performance on Other Datasets
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The model was also tested against other datasets to evaluate generalizability:
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- | -------------------------- | ----- | -------------------------- | ------- | ------------------------ | ------- |
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| Evaluation Dataset
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| [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) | **10.4** | **4.3** | 17.0 | 6.6 | **16.3** | **6.5** | 16.4 | **6.5** |
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| [NST-da](https://huggingface.co/datasets/alexandrainst/nst-da) | 29.8 | 14.5 | 29.7 | 13.9 | 26.1 | 11.9 | **12.4** | **4.9** |
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| [CommonVoice17](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mozilla-foundation/common_voice_17_0) | 15.6 | 8.2 | 16.7 | 6.6 | **14.4** | **5.4** | 26.3 | 10.9 |
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---
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### Note on comparing whisper and wav2vec2 models
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The Whisper models detailed in this model card exhibit significantly lower Character Error Rates (CER) and Word Error Rates (WER) compared to the Wav2Vec2 models. Whisper utilizes a transformer-based architecture with additional layers that enhance contextual understanding. In contrast, Wav2Vec2 models employ shorter context windows that focus on sound prediction. The
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The
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---
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```bibtex
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@misc{roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2,
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author = {Marie Juhl Jørgensen, Søren Vejlgaard Holm, Martin Carsten Nielsen, Dan Saattrup Nielsen, Sif Bernstorff Lehmann, Simon Leminen Madsen and Torben Blach},
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title = {
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2},
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}
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name: WER
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---
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# Pre-release of røst-wav2vec2-1B-v2
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This is a pre-release of a Danish state-of-the-art speech recognition model, trained as part of the CoRal project by [Alvenir](https://www.alvenir.ai/).
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This repository contains a Wav2Vec2 model trained on the [CoRal-v2 dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/tree/main). The CoRal-v2 dataset includes a rich variety of Danish conversational and read-aloud data, distributed across diverse age groups, genders, and dialects. The model is designed for automatic speech recognition (ASR).
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## Model Details
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Wav2Vec2 is a state-of-the-art model architecture for speech recognition, leveraging self-supervised learning from raw audio data. The pre-trained [wav2vec2-xls-r-1b](https://huggingface.co/facebook/wav2vec2-xls-r-1b) has been fine-tuned for automatic speech recognition with the [CoRal-v2 dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/tree/main) dataset to enhance its performance in recognizing Danish speech with consideration to different dialects. The model was trained for 30K steps using the training setup in the [CoRaL repository](https://github.com/alexandrainst/coral/tree) by running:
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```bash
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python src/scripts/finetune_asr_model.py \
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model=wav2vec2-medium \
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max_steps=30000 \
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datasets.coral_conversation_internal.id=CoRal-project/coral-v2 \
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datasets.coral_readaloud_internal.id=CoRal-project/coral-v2
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```
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The model is evaluated using a Language Model (LM) as post-processing. The utilized LM is the one trained and used by [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1).
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The model was trained on the [CoRal-v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/tree/main) dataset, including both the conversational and read-aloud subset.
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This dataset consists of Danish speech across a variety of dialects, age groups and gender distinctions.
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Note that the dataset used is licensed under a custom license, adapted from OpenRAIL-M, which allows commercial use with a few restrictions (speech synthesis and biometric identification). See [license](https://huggingface.co/Alvenir/coral-1-whisper-large/blob/main/LICENSE).
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---
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## Evaluation
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The model was evaluated using the following metrics:
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- **Character Error Rate (CER)**: The percentage of characters incorrectly transcribed.
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- **Word Error Rate (WER)**: The percentage of words incorrectly transcribed.
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### Conversational CoRal Performance
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The model was firstly evaluated on a tentative pre-release of the coral-v2 conversation dataset.
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The results are tentative as the test set only includes 5 unique speakers, of which 4 are women. The test set includes 2 speakers with 'Fynsk' dialect, 1 with 'Sønderjysk', 1 with 'Non-native' and 1 'Nordjysk'.
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Note that the high generalization error on conversation data for models trained on read-aloud data is still being analyzed.
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| Model | Number of parameters | Finetuned on data of type | [CoRal-v2::conversation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/viewer/conversation/test) CER | [CoRal-v2::conversation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral-v2/viewer/conversation/test) WER |
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| :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------: | --------------------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
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| CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2 (This model) | 1B | Read-aloud and conversation | **23.9%**| **36.7%** |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | 24.2% | 37.7% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-whisper-large-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-whisper-large-v1) | 1540M | Read-aloud | 138% | 121% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | 123% | 80.5% |
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| [mhenrichsen/hviske-v2](https://huggingface.co/syvai/hviske-v2) | 1540M | Read-aloud | 78.2% | 72.6% |
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| [openai/whisper-large-v3](https://hf.co/openai/whisper-large-v3) | 1540M | - | 46.4 % | 57.4% |
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2/resolve/main/images/comparison-conversation-cer.png">
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2/resolve/main/images/comparison-conversation-wer.png">
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### Read-aloud CoRal Performance
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| Model | Number of parameters | Finetuned on data of type | [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) CER | [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) WER |
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| :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------: | --------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
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| CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2 (This model) | 1B | Read-aloud and conversation | 6.5% ± 0.2% | 16.4% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | 6.5% ± 0.2% | 16.3% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-whisper-large-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-whisper-large-v1) | 1540M | Read-aloud | **4.3% ± 0.2%** | **10.4% ± 0.3%** |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | 6.6% ± 0.2% | 17.0% ± 0.4% |
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**OBS!** Benchmark for hviske-v2 has been reevaluted and the confidence interval is larger than reported in the model card.
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2/resolve/main/images/comparison-read_aloud-cer.png">
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2/resolve/main/images/comparison-read_aloud-wer.png">
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<details>
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<summary>
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<b>Detailed CER scores in % of evaluation across demographics on the CoRal test data</b>
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</summary>
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| Category | Røst-whisper-large-v1 | Røst-wav2vec2-315m-v1 | Røst-wav2vec2-315m-v2 | Røst-wav2vec2-1B-v2 |
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| female | 5.1 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 |
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| male | 3.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 |
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| 0-25 | 3.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.1 |
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| 25-50 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.7 |
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| 50+ | 5.0 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.8 |
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| Bornholmsk | 3.8 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 |
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| Fynsk | 5.1 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 6.9 |
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| Københavnsk | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 |
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| Non-native | 4.8 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.3 |
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| Nordjysk | 1.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
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| Sjællandsk | 3.0 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3.9 |
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| Sydømål | 4.1 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
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| Sønderjysk | 8.8 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 12.6 |
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| Vestjysk | 6.4 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 10.5 |
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| Østjysk | 2.6 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
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| Overall | 4.3 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>
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<b>Detailed WER scores in % of evaluation across demographics on the CoRal test data</b>
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</summary>
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| Category | Røst-whisper-large-v1 | Røst-wav2vec2-315m-v1 | Røst-wav2vec2-315m-v2 | Røst-wav2vec2-1B-v2 |
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| female | 11.5 | 18.5 | 17.7 | 17.8 |
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| male | 9.4 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 15.0 |
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| 0-25 | 9.0 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 13.7 |
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| 25-50 | 10.1 | 16.6 | 15.8 | 15.3 |
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| 50+ | 11.3 | 18.2 | 17.7 | 18.5 |
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| Bornholmsk | 9.8 | 17.7 | 15.7 | 16.4 |
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| Fynsk | 12.1 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 16.7 |
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| Københavnsk | 5.9 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 9.5 |
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| Non-native | 12.2 | 20.9 | 19.4 | 19.4 |
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| Nordjysk | 4.5 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.3 |
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| Sjællandsk | 7.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 11.0 |
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| Sydømål | 10.0 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 14.4 |
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| Sønderjysk | 17.5 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 27.8 |
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| Vestjysk | 15.0 | 26.3 | 25.2 | 26.7 |
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| Østjysk | 7.5 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 10.8 |
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| Overall | 10.4 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 16.4 |
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>
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<b>Experiments with Røst-wav2vec2 with and without language model</b>
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</summary>
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The inclusion of a post-processing language model can affect the performance significantly. The Røst-v1 and Røst-v2 models are using the same Language Model (LM). The utilized LM is the one trained and used by [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1).
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| Model | Number of parameters | Finetuned on data of type | Postprocessed with Language Model | [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/alexandrainst/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) CER | [CoRal](https://huggingface.com/datasets/alexandrainst/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) WER |
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| :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------: | --------------------------: | --------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
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| CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2 (This model) | 1B | Read-aloud and conversation | Yes | **6.5% ± 0.2%** | **16.4% ± 0.4%** |
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| CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2 (This model) | 1B | Read-aloud and conversation | No | 8.1% ± 0.2% | 23.9% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | Yes | **6.5% ± 0.2%** | **16.3% ± 0.4%** |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315M-v2](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v2) | 315M | Read-aloud and conversation | No | 8.2% ± 0.2% | 25.1% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | Yes | 6.6% ± 0.2% | 17.0% ± 0.4% |
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| [CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1](https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-315m-v1) | 315M | Read-aloud | No | 8.6% ± 0.2% | 26.3% ± 0.5% |
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+
</details>
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+
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### Performance on Other Datasets
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The model was also tested against other datasets to evaluate generalizability:
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| | **Røst-whisper-large-v1** | | **Røst-wav2vec2-315M-v1** | | **Røst-wav2vec2-315M-v2** | | **Røst-wav2vec2-1B-v2** | |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------- | -------------------------- | ----- | -------------------------- | ------- | ------------------------ | ------- |
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| **Evaluation Dataset** | **WER %** | **CER %** | **WER %** | **CER %** | **WER %** | **CER %** | **WER %** | **CER %** |
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| [CoRal](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CoRal-project/coral/viewer/read_aloud/test) | **10.4** | **4.3** | 17.0 | 6.6 | **16.3** | **6.5** | 16.4 | **6.5** |
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| [NST-da](https://huggingface.co/datasets/alexandrainst/nst-da) | 29.8 | 14.5 | 29.7 | 13.9 | 26.1 | 11.9 | **12.4** | **4.9** |
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| [CommonVoice17](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mozilla-foundation/common_voice_17_0) | 15.6 | 8.2 | 16.7 | 6.6 | **14.4** | **5.4** | 26.3 | 10.9 |
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---
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### Note on comparing whisper and wav2vec2 models
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The Whisper models detailed in this model card exhibit significantly lower Character Error Rates (CER) and Word Error Rates (WER) compared to the Wav2Vec2 models. Whisper utilizes a transformer-based architecture with additional layers that enhance contextual understanding. In contrast, Wav2Vec2 models employ shorter context windows that focus on sound prediction. The Røst-Wav2Vec2 models incorporate a straightforward language model during post-processing, which addresses errors based on statistical language patterns. Introducing a more complex, contextual post-processing language model might enable a better comparison between these model types, which the CoRal project plans to explore in future releases.
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+
The Røst-Whisper model excels in read-aloud data, leveraging its embedded contextual framework to achieve more robust recognition within this context. However, Wav2Vec2 models appear to generalize more effectively across various speech recognition tasks, whereas Whisper models incur higher error rates in conversational data. It’s important to note that the CoRal-v2 conversation dataset, being tentative and featuring limited speaker diversity, might influence these results.
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---
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|
|
|
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```bibtex
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@misc{roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2,
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author = {Marie Juhl Jørgensen, Søren Vejlgaard Holm, Martin Carsten Nielsen, Dan Saattrup Nielsen, Sif Bernstorff Lehmann, Simon Leminen Madsen and Torben Blach},
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+
title = {Røst-wav2vec-1B-v2: A Danish state-of-the-art speech recognition model trained on varied demographics and dialects},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/CoRal-project/roest-wav2vec2-1B-v2},
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}
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