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library_name: transformers
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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##
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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## Model Card Contact
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[More Information Needed]
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license: apache-2.0
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- automatic-speech-recognition
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- smi
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- sami
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- pretraining
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- continued pre-training
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- CPT
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# Sámi Wav2vec2-Large
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The large model pre-trained on 16kHz sampled speech audio with **Continued Pre-Training (CPT)**. [wav2vec2-large-uralic-voxpopuli-v2](https://huggingface.co/facebook/wav2vec2-large-uralic-voxpopuli-v2) was used as a base model for continued pre-training. When using the model make sure that your speech input is also sampled at 16Khz.
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**Note**: This model does not have a tokenizer as it was pre-trained on audio alone. In order to use this model **speech recognition**, a tokenizer should be created and the model should be fine-tuned on labeled text data. Check out [this blog](https://huggingface.co/blog/fine-tune-xlsr-wav2vec2) for a more in-depth explanation of how to fine-tune the model.
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**Note**: Fine-tuned version is available at [GetmanY1/wav2vec2-large-sami-cont-pt-22k-finetuned](https://huggingface.co/GetmanY1/wav2vec2-large-sami-cont-pt-22k-finetuned)
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## Model description
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The Sámi Wav2Vec2 Large has the same architecture and uses the same training objective as the English and multilingual one described in [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11477). It is pre-trained on 22.4k hours of unlabeled Sámi speech from [KAVI radio and television archive materials](https://kavi.fi/en/radio-ja-televisioarkistointia-vuodesta-2008/).
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You can read more about the pre-trained model from [this paper](TODO).
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## Intended uses & limitations
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You can use this model for Sámi ASR (speech-to-text) and SER (Spoken Emotion Recognition) tasks.
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### How to use
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See [this notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/patrickvonplaten/notebooks/blob/master/Fine_Tune_XLS_R_on_Common_Voice.ipynb) for more information on how to fine-tune the model.
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### Limitations and bias
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This model was pre-trained with audio samples whose maximum length was 30 seconds so this model most likely works the best for quite short audios of similar length. However, you can try this model with a lot longer audios too and see how it works. If you encounter out-of-memory errors with very long audio files you can use the audio chunking method introduced in [this blog post](https://huggingface.co/blog/asr-chunking).
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The data used for pre-training was from the [KAVI](https://kavi.fi/en/radio-ja-televisioarkistointia-vuodesta-2008/) archives so this model might have biases towards the voices of radio hosts. The pre-training data was filtered via neural [VAD](https://huggingface.co/pyannote/voice-activity-detection), but some non-speech events like music might be still present in the training data, which might cause issues when fine-tuned on clear (no background noise) speech.
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## Training data
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This model was pre-trained with 22.4k hours of Sámi speech data from the following sources:
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| Dataset | Hours | % of total hours |
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|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------:|:----------------:|
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| [YleSámiRadio](https://kavi.fi/en/radio-ja-televisioarkistointia-vuodesta-2008/) | 22415 h | 100 % |
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Datasets were filtered to include a maximum length of 30 seconds long audio samples.
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## Training procedure
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Training was done on 256 AMD MI250x GPU modules (512 GPUs from the software perspective), using [LUMI](https://www.lumi-supercomputer.eu/).
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The training script was provided by Fairseq and it is available [here](https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/tree/main/examples/wav2vec).
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### Training hyperparameters
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The following hyperparameters were used during training:
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- learning_rate: 2e-04
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- max_update: 166667
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- seed: 1
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- optimizer: [8-bit Adam](https://github.com/facebookresearch/bitsandbytes) with betas=(0.9,0.98) and epsilon=1e-06
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- lr_scheduler_type: linear
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- lr_scheduler_warmup_updates: 5000
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- fp16: true
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- max_sample_size: 960000
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- min_sample_size: 32000
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- normalize: true
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- max_tokens: 1800000
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- distributed_world_size: 512
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The pre-trained model was initialized with the following hyperparameters:
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- quantize_targets: true
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- latent_temp: [2.0, 0.5, 0.999995]
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- extractor_mode: layer_norm
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- layer_norm_first: true
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- dropout_input: 0.0
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- dropout_features: 0.0
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- feature_grad_mult: 1.0
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- encoder_embed_dim: 1024
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- encoder_layers: 24
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- encoder_ffn_embed_dim: 4096
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- encoder_attention_heads: 16
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- dropout: 0.0
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- attention_dropout: 0.0
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- activation_dropout: 0.0
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- encoder_layerdrop: 0.0
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### Training results
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| Training Loss | Epoch | Validation Loss |
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|:-------------:|:------:|:---------------:|
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| 2.821 | 1 | 2.735 |
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| 2.25 | 25 | 2.157 |
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| 2.161 | 50 | 2.063 |
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| 2.102 | 75 | 2.04 |
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| 2.07 | 97 | 2.011 |
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### Framework versions
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- Pytorch 2.3.0+rocm6.0
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- Fairseq 0.12.2
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## Team Members
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- Yaroslav Getman, [Hugging Face profile](https://huggingface.co/GetmanY1), [LinkedIn profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/yaroslav-getman/)
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- Tamas Grosz, [Hugging Face profile](https://huggingface.co/Grosy), [LinkedIn profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/tam%C3%A1s-gr%C3%B3sz-950a049a/)
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Feel free to contact us for more details 🤗
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