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FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_IR_swinbase-upernet

Image Segmentation
PyTorch
semantic segmentation
landcover
Eval Results
Model card Files Community
1
FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_IR_swinbase-upernet
File size: 24,603 Bytes 
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---
license: etalab-2.0
pipeline_tag: image-segmentation
tags:
- semantic segmentation
- pytorch
- landcover
model-index:
- name: FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_swinbase-upernet
  results:
  - task:
      type: semantic-segmentation
    dataset:
      name: IGNF/FLAIR-HUB/
      type: earth-observation-dataset
    metrics:
    - type: mIoU
      value: 64.131
      name: mIoU
    - type: OA
      value: 77.453
      name: Overall Accuracy
    - type: IoU
      value: 83.859
      name: IoU building
    - type: IoU
      value: 78.385
      name: IoU greenhouse
    - type: IoU
      value: 61.59
      name: IoU swimming pool
    - type: IoU
      value: 75.696
      name: IoU impervious surface
    - type: IoU
      value: 57.171
      name: IoU pervious surface
    - type: IoU
      value: 62.939
      name: IoU bare soil
    - type: IoU
      value: 90.35
      name: IoU water
    - type: IoU
      value: 63.381
      name: IoU snow
    - type: IoU
      value: 54.34
      name: IoU herbaceous vegetation
    - type: IoU
      value: 57.135
      name: IoU agricultural land
    - type: IoU
      value: 34.85
      name: IoU plowed land
    - type: IoU
      value: 77.743
      name: IoU vineyard
    - type: IoU
      value: 71.732
      name: IoU deciduous
    - type: IoU
      value: 62.603
      name: IoU coniferous
    - type: IoU
      value: 30.189
      name: IoU brushwood
library_name: pytorch
---

<div style="font-family:sans-serif; color:black; background-color:#F8F5F5; padding:25px; border-radius:10px; margin:auto; border:0px; ">

  <!-- Collection Section -->
  <div style="background:#FFFFFF; color:black; padding:20px; border-radius:8px; box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); margin-bottom:20px;">
    <h1 style="margin-top:0; color:black;">🌐 FLAIR-HUB Model Collection</h1>
    <ul style="padding-left:0; list-style:none; line-height:1.6; margin:0;">
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
      <b>Trained on</b>: <span style="color:black;">FLAIR-HUB dataset</span> 
      <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/IGNF/FLAIR-HUB" target="_blank" style="margin-left:5px;">🔗</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Available modalities</b>: Aerial images, SPOT images, Topographic info, Sentinel-2 yearly time-series, Sentinel-1 yearly time-series, Historical aerial images
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Encoders</b>: ConvNeXTV2, Swin (Tiny, Small, Base, Large)
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Decoders</b>: UNet, UPerNet
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Tasks</b>: Land-cover mapping (LC), Crop-type mapping (LPIS)
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Class nomenclature</b>: 15 classes for LC, 23 classes for LPIS
      </li>
    </ul>
   <table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; margin-bottom:15px; table-layout: fixed;">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🆔<br>Model ID</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🗺️<br>Land-cover</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🌾<br>Crop-types</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛩️<br>Aerial</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">⛰️<br>Elevation</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛰️<br>SPOT</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛰️<br>S2 t.s.</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛰️<br>S1 t.s.</th>
          <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">🛩️<br>Historical</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-A</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-D</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-F</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-G</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-I</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LC-L</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-A</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-F</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-I</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding:1px; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">LPIS-J</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">✓</td>
          <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;"></td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>

  <!-- Model-Specific Section -->
  <div style="border:1px solid black; color:black; padding:25px; background-color:#FDFFF4; border-radius:8px; box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);">
    <h2 style="margin-top:0; color:black;">🔍 Model: FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_swinbase-upernet</h2>
    <ul style="padding-left:0; list-style:none; line-height:1.6; margin:0;">
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Encoder</b>: <i>swin_base_patch4_window12_384</i>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Decoder</b>: <i>upernet</i>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Metrics</b>:
      </li>  
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; margin-bottom:15px; table-layout: fixed;">
<thead>
  <tr>
    <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">mIoU</th>
    <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">O.A.</th>
    <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">F-score</th>
    <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">Precision</th>
    <th style="padding:1px; text-align:center; color:black; width:5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">Recall</th>
  </tr>
</thead>
<tr>
  <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">64.13%</td>
  <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">77.45%</td>
  <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">76.88%</td>
  <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">77.36%</td>
  <td style="padding:1px; text-align:center; width5%; white-space:nowrap; overflow:hidden; text-overflow:ellipsis;">76.89%</td>
</tr>
</table>
      <li>
        <span style="display:inline-block; width:10px; height:10px; background:#555; border-radius:2px; margin-right:10px; box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); vertical-align:middle;"></span>
        <b>Params.</b>: <i>89.4</i>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>


---

## General Informations
- **Contact:** [email protected]
- **Code repository:** https://github.com/IGNF/FLAIR-HUB
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07080
- **Project page:** https://ignf.github.io/FLAIR/FLAIR-HUB/flairhub
- **Developed by:** IGN
- **Compute infrastructure:** 
    - software: python, pytorch-lightning
    - hardware: HPC/AI resources provided by GENCI-IDRIS
- **License:** Etalab 2.0

---


### Training Config Hyperparameters

```yaml
- Model architecture: swin_base_patch4_window12_384-upernet
- Optimizer: AdamW (betas=[0.9, 0.999], weight_decay=0.01)
- Learning rate: 5e-5
- Scheduler: one_cycle_lr (warmup_fraction=0.2)
- Epochs: 150
- Batch size: 5
- Seed: 2025
- Early stopping: patience 20, monitor val_miou (mode=max)
- Class weights:
    - default: 1.0
    - masked classes: [clear cut, ligneous, mixed, other] → weight = 0
- Input channels:
    - AERIAL_RGBI : [4,1,2]
- Input normalization (custom):
    - AERIAL_RGBI:
        mean: [106.59, 105.66, 111.35]
        std:  [39.78, 52.23, 45.62]
```

---

### Training Data

```yaml
- Train patches: 152225
- Validation patches: 38175
- Test patches: 50700
```

<div style="position: relative; text-align: center;">
    <img src="./model_utils/FLAIR-HUB_split1_classesfreq.png" alt="Classes distribution." style="width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0 auto;"/>
</div>

---

### Training Logging

<div style="position: relative; text-align: center;">
    <img src="./model_utils/FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_IR_swinbase-upernet_logs.png" alt="Training logging." style="width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0 auto;"/>
</div>

---


## Metrics


| Metric           | Value  |
| ---------------- | ------ |
| mIoU             | 64.13% |
| Overall Accuracy | 77.45% |
| F-score          | 76.88% |
| Precision        | 77.36% |
| Recall           | 76.89% |

| Class                 | IoU (%) | F-score (%) | Precision (%) | Recall (%) |
| --------------------- | ------- | ----------- | ------------- | ---------- |
| building              | 83.86   | 91.22       | 91.21         | 91.23      |
| greenhouse            | 78.38   | 87.88       | 83.69         | 92.52      |
| swimming pool         | 61.59   | 76.23       | 76.84         | 75.63      |
| impervious surface    | 75.70   | 86.17       | 86.35         | 85.99      |
| pervious surface      | 57.17   | 72.75       | 70.97         | 74.62      |
| bare soil             | 62.94   | 77.25       | 73.75         | 81.11      |
| water                 | 90.35   | 94.93       | 95.95         | 93.93      |
| snow                  | 63.38   | 77.59       | 94.83         | 65.65      |
| herbaceous vegetation | 54.34   | 70.42       | 73.05         | 67.96      |
| agricultural land     | 57.14   | 72.72       | 69.80         | 75.90      |
| plowed land           | 34.85   | 51.69       | 49.20         | 54.43      |
| vineyard              | 77.74   | 87.48       | 84.99         | 90.11      |
| deciduous             | 71.73   | 83.54       | 82.25         | 84.87      |
| coniferous            | 62.60   | 77.00       | 79.23         | 74.90      |
| brushwood             | 30.19   | 46.38       | 48.34         | 44.57      |


---


## Inference

<div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; text-align: center; gap: 20px;">

  <div style="flex: 1;">
    <p style="margin: 0;">Aerial ROI</p>
    <img src="./model_utils/AerialROI.png" alt="AERIAL" style="width: 100%; display: block;" />
  </div>
  <div style="flex: 1;">
    <p style="margin: 0;">Inference ROI</p>
    <img src="./model_utils/FLAIR-HUB_LC-A_IR_swinbase-upernet_inferenceROI.png" alt="INFERENCE" style="width: 100%; display: block;" />
  </div>
</div>


---


## Cite


**BibTeX:**

```
@article{ign2025flairhub,
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2506.07080},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07080},
  author = {Garioud, Anatol and Giordano, Sébastien and David, Nicolas and Gonthier, Nicolas},
  title = {FLAIR-HUB: Large-scale Multimodal Dataset for Land Cover and Crop Mapping},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2025}
}
```

**APA:**
```
Anatol Garioud, Sébastien Giordano, Nicolas David, Nicolas Gonthier. 
FLAIR-HUB: Large-scale Multimodal Dataset for Land Cover and Crop Mapping. (2025). 
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.07080