Update README.md

README.md

@@ -10,4 +10,29 @@ and [tiny-llama-1.1b-chat-medical](https://huggingface.co/SumayyaAli/tiny-llama-
 
 OpenOrca experts have been given the task of creating responses for simple questions about things like pop culture, history, and science...step-1195k experts have been chosen to provide warmth and a positive environment, while chat-medical experts have been chosen to provide further detail about human subjects, and to give small little bits of medical advice: I.E. "how do I get rid of this headache I gave myself from making you?"
 
-### p.s. ...this is using 32 different experts mashed together, it's more likely to be paranoid schizophrenic than anything else.
+### What is a Mixture of Experts (MoE)?
+
+The scale of a model is one of the most important axes for better model quality. Given a fixed computing budget, training a larger model for fewer steps is better than training a smaller model for more steps.
+
+Mixture of Experts enable models to be pretrained with far less compute, which means you can dramatically scale up the model or dataset size with the same compute budget as a dense model. In particular, a MoE model should achieve the same quality as its dense counterpart much faster during pretraining.
+
+So, what exactly is a MoE? In the context of transformer models, a MoE consists of two main elements:
+
+    Sparse MoE layers are used instead of dense feed-forward network (FFN) layers. MoE layers have a certain number of “experts” (e.g. 32 in my "frankenMoE"), where each expert is a neural network. In practice, the experts are FFNs, but they can also be more complex networks or even a MoE itself, leading to hierarchical MoEs!
+    A gate network or router, that determines which tokens are sent to which expert. For example, in the image below, the token “More” is sent to the second expert, and the token "Parameters” is sent to the first network. As we’ll explore later, we can send a token to more than one expert. How to route a token to an expert is one of the big decisions when working with MoEs - the router is composed of learned parameters and is pretrained at the same time as the rest of the network.
+
+Switch Layer
+MoE layer from the [Switch Transformers paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03961)
+
+So, to recap, in MoEs we replace every FFN layer of the transformer model with an MoE layer, which is composed of a gate network and a certain number of experts.
+
+Although MoEs provide benefits like efficient pretraining and faster inference compared to dense models, they also come with challenges:
+
+    Training: MoEs enable significantly more compute-efficient pretraining, but they’ve historically struggled to generalize during fine-tuning, leading to overfitting.
+    Inference: Although a MoE might have many parameters, only some of them are used during inference. This leads to much faster inference compared to a dense model with the same number of parameters. However, all parameters need to be loaded in RAM, so memory requirements are high. For example, given a MoE like Mixtral 8x7B, we’ll need to have enough VRAM to hold a dense 47B parameter model. Why 47B parameters and not 8 x 7B = 56B? That’s because in MoE models, only the FFN layers are treated as individual experts, and the rest of the model parameters are shared. At the same time, assuming just two experts are being used per token, the inference speed (FLOPs) is like using a 12B model (as opposed to a 14B model), because it computes 2x7B matrix multiplications, but with some layers shared (more on this soon).
+
+
+# "Wait...but you called this a frankenMoE?"
+The difference between MoE and "frankenMoE" lies in the fact that the router layer in a model like the one on this repo is not trained simultaneously. There are rumors about someone developing a way for us to unscuff these frankenMoE models by training the router layer simultaneously. For now, frankenMoE remains psychotic.
+
+# p.s. I will try to convert it to GGUF if you guys want. This model is crazy, though, it was really more just for fun and to learn how to use mergekit and axolotl.