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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ tags:
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  </div>
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  <div align="center" style="line-height: 1;">
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- <a href="LICENSE" style="margin: 2px;">
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  <img alt="License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache2.0-A5de54" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/>
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  </a>
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  </div>
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  The advanced capabilities of the ERNIE 4.5 models, particularly the MoE-based A47B and A3B series, are underpinned by several key technical innovations:
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- 1. **Multimodal Heterogeneous MoE Pre-Training**: Our models are jointly trained on both textual and visual modalities to better capture the nuances of multimodal information and improve performance on tasks involving text generation, image understanding, and cross-modal reasoning. To achieve this without one modality hindering the learning of another, we designed a *heterogeneous MoE structure*, incorporated *modality-isolated routing*, and employed *router orthogonal loss* and *multimodal token-balanced loss*. These architectural choices ensure that both modalities are effectively represented, allowing for mutual reinforcement during training.
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- 2. **Scaling-Efficient Infrastructure**: We propose a novel heterogeneous hybrid parallelism and hierarchical load balancing strategy for efficient training of ERNIE 4.5 models. By using intra-node expert parallelism, memory-efficient pipeline scheduling, FP8 mixed-precision training and fine-grained recomputation methods, we achieve remarkable pre-training throughput. For inference, we propose Multi-Expert Parallel Collaboration method and Convolutional Code Quantization algorithm to achieve 4-bit/2-bit lossless quantization. Furthermore, we introduce PD disaggregation with dynamic role switching for effective resource utilization to enhance inference performance for ERNIE 4.5 MoE models. Built on [PaddlePaddle](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle), ERNIE 4.5 delivers high-performance inference across a wide range of hardware platforms.
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- 3. **Modality-Specific Post-training**: To meet the diverse requirements of real-world applications, we fine-tuned variants of the pretrained model for specific modalities. Our *LLMs* are optimized for general-purpose language understanding and generation. The *VLMs* focuses on visual-language understanding and supports both thinking and no-thinking mode. Each model employed a combination of *Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)* *Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)* or a modified reinforcement learning method named *Unified Preference Optimization (UPO)* for post-training.
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  During the fine-tuning stage of a vision-language model, the deep integration between vision and language plays a decisive role in the model’s performance across complex tasks such as understanding, reasoning, and generation. To enhance the generalization and adaptability of the model on multimodal tasks, we focused on three core capabilities—image understanding, task-specific fine-tuning, and multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning—and carried out systematic data construction and training strategy optimization. Additionally, we use RLVR(Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards) to further improve alignment and performance. After the SFT and RL stages, we obtained ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B.
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  ### vLLM inference
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- vLLM is currently being adapted, priority can be given to using our forked repository [vllm](https://github.com/CSWYF3634076/vllm/tree/ernie). We are working with the community to fully support ERNIE4.5 models, stay tuned.
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- ```bash
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- # 80G * 16 GPU
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- vllm serve baidu/ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B-PT --trust-remote-code
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- ```
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  ## License
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  </div>
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  <div align="center" style="line-height: 1;">
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+ <a href="#license" style="margin: 2px;">
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  <img alt="License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache2.0-A5de54" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"/>
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  </a>
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  </div>
 
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  The advanced capabilities of the ERNIE 4.5 models, particularly the MoE-based A47B and A3B series, are underpinned by several key technical innovations:
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+ 1. **Multimodal Heterogeneous MoE Pre-Training:** Our models are jointly trained on both textual and visual modalities to better capture the nuances of multimodal information and improve performance on tasks involving text understanding and generation, image understanding, and cross-modal reasoning. To achieve this without one modality hindering the learning of another, we designed a *heterogeneous MoE structure*, incorporated *modality-isolated routing*, and employed *router orthogonal loss* and *multimodal token-balanced loss*. These architectural choices ensure that both modalities are effectively represented, allowing for mutual reinforcement during training.
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+ 2. **Scaling-Efficient Infrastructure:** We propose a novel heterogeneous hybrid parallelism and hierarchical load balancing strategy for efficient training of ERNIE 4.5 models. By using intra-node expert parallelism, memory-efficient pipeline scheduling, FP8 mixed-precision training and finegrained recomputation methods, we achieve remarkable pre-training throughput. For inference, we propose *multi-expert parallel collaboration* method and *convolutional code quantization* algorithm to achieve 4-bit/2-bit lossless quantization. Furthermore, we introduce PD disaggregation with dynamic role switching for effective resource utilization to enhance inference performance for ERNIE 4.5 MoE models. Built on [PaddlePaddle](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle), ERNIE 4.5 delivers high-performance inference across a wide range of hardware platforms.
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+ 3. **Modality-Specific Post-Training:** To meet the diverse requirements of real-world applications, we fine-tuned variants of the pre-trained model for specific modalities. Our LLMs are optimized for general-purpose language understanding and generation. The VLMs focuses on visuallanguage understanding and supports both thinking and non-thinking modes. Each model employed a combination of *Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)*, *Direct Preference Optimization (DPO)* or a modified reinforcement learning method named *Unified Preference Optimization (UPO)* for post-training.
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  During the fine-tuning stage of a vision-language model, the deep integration between vision and language plays a decisive role in the model’s performance across complex tasks such as understanding, reasoning, and generation. To enhance the generalization and adaptability of the model on multimodal tasks, we focused on three core capabilities—image understanding, task-specific fine-tuning, and multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning—and carried out systematic data construction and training strategy optimization. Additionally, we use RLVR(Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards) to further improve alignment and performance. After the SFT and RL stages, we obtained ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B.
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  ### vLLM inference
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+ We are working with the community to fully support ERNIE4.5 models, stay tuned.
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## License
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