diff --git "a/Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json" "b/Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/Licensed/Theory_Questions/Year_5/Past_Paper.json" @@ -0,0 +1,5540 @@ +[ + { + "question_num": 1, + "query": "感冒的治疗,可分别采用辛温解表或辛凉解表,此属于", + "options": { + "A": "辨病论治", + "B": "因人制宜", + "C": "同病异治", + "D": "异病同治", + "E": "对症论治" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "同病异治，同一病证,因时、因地、因人不同,或由于病情进展程度、病机变化，以及用药过程中正邪消长等差异，治疗上应相应采取不同治法。感冒可以用辛温解表和辛谅解表两种治疗方法，所以是同病异治" + }, + { + "question_num": 2, + "query": "外感病汗出热退身凉者,表示", + "options": { + "A": "表邪入里", + "B": "阳气衰少", + "C": "汗出亡阳", + "D": "真热假寒", + "E": "邪去正安" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "若汗出热退,脉静身凉,是邪去正复之佳兆，主疾病向愈;若汗出而身热不减,仍烦躁不安，脉来疾急，为邪胜正衰之危候,主病情恶化。" + }, + { + "question_num": 3, + "query": "时行感冒与感冒风热证的区别点,关键在于", + "options": { + "A": "恶寒的轻与重", + "B": "发热的轻与重", + "C": "咽喉肿痛与否", + "D": "有无流行性", + "E": "脉数与否" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "时行感冒是指在一个时期内广泛流行,证候相类似者,称为时行感冒;与感冒风热证的区别点在于有无流行性，" + }, + { + "question_num": 4, + "query": "冻疮的命名方法是", + "options": { + "A": "以病因命名", + "B": "以部位命名", + "C": "以疾病特征命名", + "D": "以形态命名", + "E": "以范围大小命名" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "以病因命名者,如冻疮、水火烫伤、破伤风、毒蛇咬伤、漆疮。" + }, + { + "question_num": 5, + "query": "“寒极生热,热极生寒”说明了阴阳之间的哪种关系", + "options": { + "A": "相互转化", + "B": "相互交感", + "C": "对立制约", + "D": "互根互用", + "E": "消长平衡" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "“寒极生热，热极生寒”反映了阴阳之间相互转化的关系，“极”为阴阳转化的条件。" + }, + { + "question_num": 6, + "query": "下列哪项不会出现口渴多饮", + "options": { + "A": "热盛伤律", + "B": "汗出过多", + "C": "剧烈呕吐", + "D": "泻下过度", + "E": "湿热内阻" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "口渴多饮指口渴而饮水较多,是体内津液损伤的基本表现之一,多见于燥证、热证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 7, + "query": "感冒属表寒里热者,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "清热生津,散寒解表", + "B": "解表清里,宣肺泄热", + "C": "辛温解表,宣肺泄热", + "D": "解表清里,宣肺止咳", + "E": "解表宣肺,泄热止咳" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "感冒属表寒里热者,应用麻黄和石膏解表清里，宣肺泄热。" + }, + { + "question_num": 8, + "query": "下列各项,不属“痒”病因的是", + "options": { + "A": "血瘀", + "B": "热胜", + "C": "湿胜", + "D": "虫淫", + "E": "风胜" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "痒是因风、湿、热、虫之邪客于皮肤肌表，引起皮肉间气血不和;或由于血虚风燥,肤失活养而成。" + }, + { + "question_num": 9, + "query": "四时阴阳的消长变化，从冬至到立春为", + "options": { + "A": "阴消阳长", + "B": "重阴必阳", + "C": "阴长阳消", + "D": "重阳必阴", + "E": "由阳转阴" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "就季节变化而育,由夏至秋气候由热变凉，是一个阳消阴长的过程;由冬至春,气候由寒变暖,是一个阴消阳长的过程就人体而言,功能(阳)的产生，必然消耗一定的营养物质(阴)，这就是阴消阳长的过程，而营养物质(阴)的化生利用又必然要消耗一定的能量(阳)，这就是阳消阴长的过程。这种一定范围的消长是正常的，如果一方消得太过，就会发生疾病，" + }, + { + "question_num": 10, + "query": "假神的病机是", + "options": { + "A": "气血不足,精神亏损", + "B": "机体阴阳严重失调", + "C": "脏腑虚衰，功能低下", + "D": "精气衰竭，虚阳外越", + "E": "阴盛于内,格阳于外" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "假神提示脏腑精气耗竭殆尽,正气将绝,阴不敛阳,虚阳外越,阴阳即将离决,属病危。" + }, + { + "question_num": 11, + "query": "治疗咳嗽，应以治肺为主，还应注意", + "options": { + "A": "肝、脾、肾", + "B": "心、肝、肾", + "C": "心、脾、肾", + "D": "心、肝、脾", + "E": "肝、胃、肾" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "咳嗽病变主脏在肺,与肝、脾有关，久则及肾，" + }, + { + "question_num": 12, + "query": "肿势或软如绵,或硬如馒,形态各异,不红不热，其肿的性质是", + "options": { + "A": "热肿", + "B": "寒肿", + "C": "风肿", + "D": "痰肿", + "E": "湿肿" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 13, + "query": "根据情志相胜法,可制约大怒的情志是", + "options": { + "A": "喜", + "B": "思", + "C": "悲", + "D": "恐", + "E": "惊" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "中医的“情志相胜”理论,即喜胜忧(悲)忧(悲)胜怒,怒胜思,思胜恐,恐胜喜。应用这个理论，可以治疗一些心理疾病。" + }, + { + "question_num": 14, + "query": "湿热熏蒸的面色是", + "options": { + "A": "黄而鲜明", + "B": "黄如烟熏", + "C": "苍黄", + "D": "淡黄消瘦", + "E": "淡黄水肿" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "A项为阳黄,乃湿热熏蒸为患。" + }, + { + "question_num": 15, + "query": "下列哪项不是外感咳嗽的主要特征", + "options": { + "A": "起病较急", + "B": "病程较短", + "C": "实证多见", + "D": "常伴卫表证", + "E": "易反复发作" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "外感咳嗽多起病急,病程短常伴恶寒发热等表证,实证多见。" + }, + { + "question_num": 16, + "query": "下列各项,不属确认成脓方法的是", + "options": { + "A": "按触法", + "B": "推拿法", + "C": "穿刺法", + "D": "透光法", + "E": "点压法" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "按触法、穿刺法、点压法、透光法属于辨脓的办法。" + }, + { + "question_num": 17, + "query": "下列关于五行生克规律的叙述,错误的是", + "options": { + "A": "木为水之子", + "B": "火为土之母", + "C": "水为火之所不胜", + "D": "金为木之所胜", + "E": "木为土之所不胜" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "五行相生:金生水、水生木木克土、土克水、水克火、火克金。生我者为母,我生者为子。" + }, + { + "question_num": 18, + "query": "下列各项，与牙齿干燥如枯骨关系最密切的是", + "options": { + "A": "热盛伤津", + "B": "阳明热盛", + "C": "胃阴不足", + "D": "肾阴枯涸", + "E": "肺阴亏虚" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "牙齿干燥,甚者齿如枯骨,为胃津已伤或肾阴枯竭。" + }, + { + "question_num": 19, + "query": "治疗哮病之虚哮证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "三子养亲汤", + "B": "六君子汤", + "C": "平喘固本汤", + "D": "金水六君煎", + "E": "金医肾气丸" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "虚哮治法:补肺纳肾,降气化痰。代表方:平喘固本汤" + }, + { + "question_num": 20, + "query": "溃疡疮口太小,脓腐难去,常用的腐蚀药是", + "options": { + "A": "红灵丹", + "B": "白降丹", + "C": "七三丹", + "D": "八宝丹", + "E": "九黄丹" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "白降丹,适用于溃疡疮口太小,脓腐难去,用桑皮纸或丝绵纸做成裹药,插人疮口,使疮口开大,脓腐易出。" + }, + { + "question_num": 21, + "query": "五行相乘,下列哪种说法是正确的", + "options": { + "A": "母气有余而乘其子", + "B": "子气有余而乘其母", + "C": "气有余而乘已所胜", + "D": "气有余则乘已所不胜", + "E": "气不及则己所胜侮而乘之" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "五行相乘,实为五行之间过度的“相克”，故相乘的次序与相克相同，即木乘士，土乘水,水乘火,火乘金,金乘木。" + }, + { + "question_num": 22, + "query": "阳虚湿盛的舌象是", + "options": { + "A": "舌红苔白滑", + "B": "舌淡嫩苔白滑", + "C": "舌边红苔黑润", + "D": "舌红瘦苔黑", + "E": "舌绛苔黏腻" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "A项为湿热内盛之证。B项为阳虚湿盛之证,故选B。C项为肝胆热盛,痰湿久郁。D项为阴虚有热，热极津枯之证。E项为热人营血，兼有痰湿之证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 23, + "query": "喘证的病变部位在", + "options": { + "A": "心、肺", + "B": "肺、肾", + "C": "心、肾", + "D": "脾、肾", + "E": "肺、脾" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "喘证的病位主要在肺和肾" + }, + { + "question_num": 24, + "query": "下列各项中，需用砭镰法治疗的是", + "options": { + "A": "托盘疗", + "B": "颜面部疔", + "C": "红丝疔", + "D": "蛇眼疔", + "E": "蛀节疔" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "砭镰法适用于急性阳证疮疡,如���毒、红丝疔等。" + }, + { + "question_num": 25, + "query": "见肝之病，知肝传脾的病机传变是", + "options": { + "A": "木克土", + "B": "木乘土", + "C": "土侮木", + "D": "母病及子", + "E": "子病犯母" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肝属木,脾属土,属相克关系、肝木痛及脾土,为木旺乘士。" + }, + { + "question_num": 26, + "query": "舌淡白胖馓,苔白滑者，常提示的是", + "options": { + "A": "阴虚夹湿", + "B": "脾胃湿热", + "C": "气分有湿", + "D": "阳虚水停", + "E": "瘀血内阻" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "淡白舌主阳虚,嫩舌多见于虚证,气血亏虚,或阳虚不化，白滑苔为湿盛的舌象。" + }, + { + "question_num": 27, + "query": "肺痨的外在致病因素是", + "options": { + "A": "燥邪", + "C": "痰浊", + "B": "痨虫", + "D": "瘀血", + "E": "水饮" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 28, + "query": "贯穿结扎法最适用的是", + "options": { + "A": "内痔嵌顿", + "B": "静脉曲张性外痔", + "C": "血栓性外痔", + "D": "赘皮外痔", + "E": "Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 29, + "query": "心为“君主之官”的理论依据是", + "options": { + "A": "心总统意志", + "B": "心主血脉", + "C": "心主神志", + "D": "心主情志", + "E": "心总统魂魄" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "君主之官:君主,指心在脏腑中居首要地位的意思。君主之官:人体器官名。指心脏。心主神明，主血脉，居脏腑中最重要位置,故称之。《素问·灵兰秘典论》:“心者,君主之官。神明出焉。”" + }, + { + "question_num": 30, + "query": "独语,病因多属", + "options": { + "A": "热扰心神", + "B": "痰火扰心", + "C": "风痰阻络", + "D": "心气不足", + "E": "心阴大伤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "独语多因心气不足,神失所养,或气郁生痰,蒙蔽心窍所致。" + }, + { + "question_num": 31, + "query": "治疗心悸心血不足证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "天王补心丹", + "B": "安神定志丸", + "C": "桂枝甘草龙骨牡蛎汤", + "D": "归脾汤", + "E": "朱砂安神丸" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "心悸心血不足证治法:补血养心,益气安神。代表方:归脾汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 32, + "query": "下列各项,不属溻渍法适应证的是", + "options": { + "A": "阳证疮疡初起", + "B": "阴证疮疡", + "C": "美容", + "D": "保健", + "E": "创面干燥,僵而不敛" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "溻渍法是通过湿敷、淋洗、浸泡对患处的物理作用，以及不同药物对患部的药效作用,而达到治疗目的的一种方法。溻溃法适用于阳证疮疡初起、溃后，半阴半阳证及阴证疮疡,美容、保健等。" + }, + { + "question_num": 33, + "query": "下列各项,与肺主通调水道功能关系最密切的是", + "options": { + "A": "气机的调节", + "B": "朝百脉", + "C": "主宣发与肃降", + "D": "司呼吸", + "E": "宗气的生成" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "宣也称宣发,即宣通、发散之意。宣发是后世医家对肺把气和水谷精微，布数于今身内而肿脏外而皮手，布散了气，调节腠理开合,保持肺气通达等功能的概括。宣发与肃降均为肺的生理特性。两者在生理上联系密切,病理上相互影响。" + }, + { + "question_num": 34, + "query": "独语、错语的共同病因是", + "options": { + "A": "风痰阻络", + "B": "热扰心神", + "C": "心气大伤", + "D": "心气不足", + "E": "痰火扰心" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "独语多因心气不足,神失所养,或气郁生痰,蒙蔽心窍所致。错语虚证多由心脾两虚,心神失养所致,实证多由痰浊、瘀血、气郁等阻遏心神而成。两者的共同病因为心气不足,气郁痰阻,故选D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 35, + "query": "治疗狂证痰热瘀结证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "顺气导痰汤", + "B": "越鞠丸", + "C": "生铁落饮", + "D": "琥珀养心丹", + "E": "癫狂梦醒汤" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "狂证痰热瘀结证由气郁痰结、血气凝滞、瘀热互结、神窃被塞所致。治法:豁痰化瘀,调畅气血。代表方:疯狂梦醒汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 36, + "query": "患者,女,24岁。患腿痈1周,溃腐3天,脓腐稠厚且多,不易脱落。外用掺药应首选", + "options": { + "A": "青黛散", + "B": "八二丹", + "C": "红灵丹", + "D": "八宝丹", + "E": "三石散" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 37, + "query": "与血液生成关系最密切的脏是", + "options": { + "A": "心", + "B": "肺", + "C": "脾", + "D": "肝", + "E": "肾" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "与血液生成有关脏:①脾,脾所运化的水谷精微,所化生的营气,津液是血液生成物质基础;②心肺、营气、津波由脾上输于心肺,与肺吸入清气结合,贯注心脉,在心气作用下化赤为血;③肾,肾藏精,精生髓,精髓化生为血,肾精化元气，促进脾胃运化,有助血液化生,其中脾与血液生成关系最密切。" + }, + { + "question_num": 38, + "query": "肝胃蕴热的口味是", + "options": { + "A": "口中泛酸", + "B": "口中酸馊", + "C": "口甜黏腻", + "D": "口中味苦", + "E": "口中味咸" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "A项多属肝胃蕴热;B项多属食积胃肠;C项多属湿热蕴脾;D项多属肝胆火旺;E项多属肾病。" + }, + { + "question_num": 39, + "query": "气厥实证反复发作的原因，常是", + "options": { + "A": "精神刺激", + "B": "头部外伤", + "C": "嗜食肥甘", + "D": "思虑过度", + "E": "先天禀赋" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "气厥的常见病因是情志内伤,饮食不节,亡血失津,体虚劳倦,故选择A。" + }, + { + "question_num": 40, + "query": "患儿,女,7岁。结喉处红肿绕喉,根盘散漫,肿势延及颈部两侧,按之中软,有应指感。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "内服普济消毒饮", + "B": "外治以菊花汁调制玉露散箍围束毒", + "C": "半流质饮食", + "D": "切开排脓", + "E": "药线引流" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "根据题干提示脓已成则需要切开排脓，其他的都是辅助疗法或早期的疗法。" + }, + { + "question_num": 41, + "query": "肝主疏泄的基本生理功能是", + "options": { + "A": "调畅情志活动", + "B": "调畅全身气机", + "C": "促进脾胃运化", + "D": "促进血行和津液代谢", + "E": "调节月经和精液的排泄" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "可知“气、火、风”为肝脏病理发展过程中的一大特点。肝气郁结是肝失疏泄,气机郁滞的表现。肝郁不舒,郁而化火，可形成肝火;久之肝火内耗肝阴,肝阴不能制约肝阳而致肝阳上亢;肝阳升动无制，风气内动,则为肝风(肝阳化风)。三者之间，常以肝气都结头生品水即旺安的固发用李王成气病及血，气潜必血瘀,气郁不达,津液停聚，亦可酿痰。气、火、痰、瘀、风的病理变化过程,可产生各种复杂的病变,其病理根源，则均与肝气郁结有关" + }, + { + "question_num": 42, + "query": "邪盛病进时,常见的脉象是", + "options": { + "A": "实", + "B": "大", + "C": "紧", + "D": "滑", + "E": "长" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "大脉指脉体宽大,但无脉来汹涌之势。大脉的出现提示病情加重。" + }, + { + "question_num": 43, + "query": "治疗胃痛脾胃虚寒证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "小建中汤", + "B": "理中丸", + "C": "附子理中丸", + "D": "良附丸", + "E": "黄芪建中汤" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "胃痛脾胃虚寒证治法。代表方:黄芪建中汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 44, + "query": "乳疬相当于西医学的病名是", + "options": { + "A": "乳腺亵肿", + "B": "乳腺增生病", + "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", + "D": "乳房异常发育症", + "E": "导管内乳头状瘤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "乳病相当于西医的男性、L童乳房发育异常症。" + }, + { + "question_num": 45, + "query": "肝藏血的生理功能是指肝", + "options": { + "A": "贮藏血液", + "B": "调节血量", + "C": "统摄血液", + "D": "贮藏血液和调节血量", + "E": "化生血液与统摄血液" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "肝藏血,主要表现在三个方面:①贮藏血液,肝如同“血库”一般,能够贮藏一定的血液，以供人体活动所需，发挥其潘养脏腑组织、维持相应功能作用;②调节血量，肝除藏有一定的血液外,还具有依据机体之需调节循环血是作用为当机体处于安静休息，或睡眠状态时,机体所需血最减少,部分血液回流人肝,并贮藏起来,而当人体在工作,或剧烈活动时,机体所需血量增加,血液则由肝脏输送到经脉,以供全身各组织器官所需;③收摄血液,防止出血。" + }, + { + "question_num": 46, + "query": "下列哪种脉象主虚证", + "options": { + "A": "滑", + "B": "结", + "C": "促", + "D": "动", + "E": "疾" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "E项指脉来���疾,一总七八至。主阳极阴竭,元阳将脱。" + }, + { + "question_num": 47, + "query": "呕吐的病位在", + "options": { + "A": "肠、肝、脾", + "B": "胃、肝、脾", + "C": "脾、胃、肺", + "D": "肺、胃、肾", + "E": "肝、胃、肠" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "呕吐主要病位在胃,与肝脾有密切关系,故选B。" + }, + { + "question_num": 48, + "query": "诊断瘿病的重要体征是", + "options": { + "A": "肿块的位置", + "B": "有无压痛", + "C": "有无震颤", + "D": "是否随吞咽上下移动", + "E": "有无波动感" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "甲状腺分左右两叶,覆盖并黏附在喉和气管起始部的两侧,吞咽时亦随之上下移动。" + }, + { + "question_num": 49, + "query": "下列关于五脏所藏的叙述，错误的是", + "options": { + "A": "心藏神", + "B": "肝藏魂", + "C": "肺藏魄", + "D": "脾藏意", + "E": "肾藏智" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "《素问·宣明五气篇》:“心藏神,肺藏魄,肝藏魂,脾藏意,肾藏志。”" + }, + { + "question_num": 50, + "query": "下列各项,不属于弦脉所主的病证是", + "options": { + "A": "肝郁", + "B": "胃热", + "C": "诸痛", + "D": "痰饮", + "E": "疟疾" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "弦脉主肝胆病、痰饮、痛证,疟疾。" + }, + { + "question_num": 51, + "query": "治疗喳膈气虚阳微证,偏于肾虚者,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "启膈散", + "B": "五汁安中饮", + "C": "通幽汤", + "D": "右归丸", + "E": "左归丸" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "气虚阳微证偏于肾虚者用右归丸;左归丸偏于治疗肾阴虚" + }, + { + "question_num": 52, + "query": "瘿在古代文献中,有五瘿之分,下列各项,不属于五瘿的是", + "options": { + "A": "瘿痈", + "B": "血瘿", + "C": "肉瘿", + "D": "石瘿", + "E": "筋瘿" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "瘿在古代文献中,根据其临床表现以及与五脏的配属关系，分为五瘿:“筋瘿”“血瘿”“肉瘿”“气瘿”“石瘿”。" + }, + { + "question_num": 53, + "query": "“气之根”指的是", + "options": { + "A": "脾", + "B": "心", + "C": "肺", + "D": "肝", + "E": "肾" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "肾主纳气,具有帮助肺保持呼吸的深度、防止呼吸浅表的作用,故称肾为“气之根”，故选择E" + }, + { + "question_num": 54, + "query": "下列哪项是虚热证与实热证的鉴别要点", + "options": { + "A": "发热口干", + "B": "盗汗颧红", + "C": "大便干结", + "D": "小便短赤", + "E": "舌红而干" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "虚热证表现为五心烦热,或骨蒸潮热，颧红盗汗,口燥咽干,心烦失眠,形体消瘦,或眩晕耳鸣,小便短黄,大便干结,舌红少苔少津，脉细数。实热证表现为身热烦躁,胸闷气粗,口干欲饮，脘腹胀痛拒按，大便秘结,小便短黄,舌红苔黄,脉滑数或洪数。" + }, + { + "question_num": 55, + "query": "治疗腹痛湿热壅滞证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "大承气汤", + "B": "龙胆泻肝汤", + "C": "清中汤", + "D": "枳实导滞丸", + "E": "泻心汤合连朴饮" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "皮痛湿热塑涨肠道，宜通腑泄热,用大承气汤最合适。" + }, + { + "question_num": 56, + "query": "在肿块触诊中,不属癌性肿块特性的是", + "options": { + "A": "高低不平", + "B": "坚硬如石", + "C": "推之不能移动", + "D": "表面与皮肤粘连", + "E": "表面光滑" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 57, + "query": "《素问·六节藏象论》中,“封藏之本”所指的是", + "options": { + "A": "心", + "B": "肺", + "C": "脾", + "D": "肝", + "E": "肾" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "心为生之本,肺为气之本肝为罢极之本,肾为封藏之本,脾为仓廪之本。" + }, + { + "question_num": 58, + "query": "下列各项,属实热证的是", + "options": { + "A": "头颅过大", + "B": "头颅过小", + "C": "囟填", + "D": "囟陷", + "E": "解颅" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "A项为先天不足,肾精亏损,水波停聚于颅脑所致。B项为先天肾精不足,颅骨发育不良所致。C项属实证。D项多属虚证。E项多是先天肾气不足，或后天脾胃弱,骨骼失养,发育不良所致，" + }, + { + "question_num": 59, + "query": "治疗久泻不止,不宜过用", + "options": { + "A": "健脾", + "B": "补肾", + "C": "升提", + "D": "固涩", + "E": "分利" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "久泻不止不可分利太过,以免重伤阴液,故选E。" + }, + { + "question_num": 60, + "query": "治疗失荣早期气郁痰结证，应首选", + "options": { + "A": "和营散坚丸", + "B": "柴胡清肝汤", + "C": "桃红四物汤", + "D": "化痰开郁方", + "E": "二陈汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "此为肝郁痰凝,阻隔经络所致,治法宜疏肝解郁,化痰散结。" + }, + { + "question_num": 61, + "query": "与水液代谢关系最密切的肝脏是", + "options": { + "A": "脾、胃、肝", + "B": "肝、胆、肾", + "C": "肝、肺、脾", + "D": "肺、肾、脾", + "E": "心、肾、肺" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "津液输布主要依靠肺、脾、肝、肾和三焦这五个脏腑相互协调配合来完成。但是最为密切的是肺、脾、肾三脏,故选D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 62, + "query": "暑淫证候的表现是", + "options": { + "A": "头昏沉,嗜睡,胸脘痞闷", + "B": "口渴饮水，口唇鼻咽干燥", + "C": "发热恶热,汗出,气短神疲", + "D": "突发皮肤瘙痒、丘疹", + "E": "肠鸣腹泻,脘腹拘急冷痛" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "暑淫证候临床表现为发热恶热,汗多头昏,烦渴喜冷饮,神疲气短,肢倦乏力,胸闷懒言,脉虚数。或壮热昏仆,神昏谵语，面红气粗,头痛项强,脉细滑数。" + }, + { + "question_num": 63, + "query": "治疗痢疾表邪未解而里热已盛者，应首选", + "options": { + "A": "藿香正气散", + "B": "人参败毒散", + "C": "葛根芩连汤", + "D": "芍药汤", + "E": "白头翁汤" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "湿热痢初起,如表邪未解里热已盛,则用葛根芩连汤表里双解。" + }, + { + "question_num": 64, + "query": "下列各项,不属淋病特点的是", + "options": { + "A": "尿频尿急", + "B": "尿道刺痛", + "C": "尿道溢脓", + "D": "排尿困难", + "E": "腹股沟淋巴结肿大" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "淋病以尿道刺痛、尿道口排出脓性分泌物为特征，严重时可并发包茎，尿道黏膜外翻,腹股沟淋巴结感染肿大。部分患者可有尿频、尿急、夜尿增多,无排尿困难。" + }, + { + "question_num": 65, + "query": "脾在志为", + "options": { + "A": "怒", + "B": "喜", + "C": "思", + "D": "悲", + "E": "恐" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "脾在志为思。" + }, + { + "question_num": 66, + "query": "舌红绛而光者,属", + "options": { + "A": "阴虚", + "B": "气虚", + "C": "血虚", + "D": "气阴两虚", + "E": "水涸火炎" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "绛舌主里热亢盛,阴虚火旺。舌绦少苔或无苔则为阴虚火旺,或热病后期阴液耗损。" + }, + { + "question_num": 67, + "query": "阴黄的最主要病机是", + "options": { + "A": "湿热熏蒸,湿遏热伏", + "B": "湿热内蕴,蒙蔽心包", + "C": "瘀阻肝脾,水气内盛", + "D": "寒湿阻滞,脾阳不足", + "E": "肝胆郁热,气机阻滞" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "阴黄的病机是寒湿阻滞,脾阳不足。" + }, + { + "question_num": 68, + "query": "创面边缘整齐,坚硬削直而如凿成,基底部高低不平,有稀薄臭秽分泌物,其溃疡属于", + "options": { + "A": "麻风性溃疡", + "B": "压迫性溃疡", + "C": "疮痨性溃疡", + "D": "梅毒性溃疡", + "E": "岩性溃疡" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "梅毒性溃疡,其边缘削直如凿,略微内凹,基底高低不平。" + }, + { + "question_num": 69, + "query": "利小便而实大便的理论依据是", + "options": { + "A": "脾主运化", + "B": "肺主通调水道", + "C": "小肠主受盛", + "D": "小肠主化物", + "E": "小肠主泌别清浊" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "利小便,实大便是治疗湿泻的方法。湿泻患者大便多水，小便短少,肠鸣辘辘,腹不痛,苔白,脉细。常用胃苓汤(苍术、厚朴、陈皮、甘草、桂枝、白术、猪苓、茯苓、泽泻,即平胃散合五苓散)健脾去湿，使小便清利,大便正常。" + }, + { + "question_num": 70, + "query": "下列各项中,哪两脏可同有血虚的证候", + "options": { + "A": "心、脾", + "B": "肝、脾", + "C": "心、肺", + "D": "心、肝", + "E": "肝、肾" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "心主血脉而藏神,肝藏血而主魂,血虚则心肝失养,神魂不宁,可见心、肝可同有血虚。" + }, + { + "question_num": 71, + "query": "治疗黄疸热重于湿证，应首选", + "options": { + "A": "茵陈蒿汤", + "B": "茵陈五苓散", + "C": "大柴胡汤", + "D": "犀角散", + "E": "茵陈术附汤" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "黄疸特征尿赤便秘,肝胆火盛,故胁胀闷痛。治宜清热利湿，佐以泻下，热重于湿,故力量集中在清热，方用茵陈高汤:故选A。" + }, + { + "question_num": 72, + "query": "内痔的主要症状是", + "options": { + "A": "便血,疼痛", + "B": "便血,有分泌物", + "C": "便血,脱出", + "D": "便血,肛门痒", + "E": "便血,异物感" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "内痔好发于截石位3、7、11点,其主要临床表现有便血、痔核脱出、肛门不适。" + }, + { + "question_num": 73, + "query": "津液输布的主要通道是", + "options": { + "A": "血府", + "B": "经络", + "C": "腠理", + "D": "三焦", + "E": "分肉" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "津液输布主要是通过三焦，" + }, + { + "question_num": 74, + "query": "下列各项,可见间歇热的是", + "options": { + "A": "急性肾盂肾炎", + "B": "肺炎", + "C": "风湿热", + "D": "渗出性胸膜炎", + "E": "霍奇金病" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "间歇热:体温骤升达高峰，持续数小时后,骤降至正常,经过1天或数天后又骤然升高，如此高热期与无热期反复交替发作,见于疟疾、急性肾盂肾炎等" + }, + { + "question_num": 75, + "query": "尿血与血淋的鉴别,主要在于", + "options": { + "A": "尿色的深浅", + "B": "尿量的多少", + "C": "尿味的情况", + "D": "有无尿痛", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "有无尿痛是尿血与血淋的鉴别方法。" + }, + { + "question_num": 76, + "query": "脱肛外治法的治疗原则是", + "options": { + "A": "熏洗、外敷", + "B": "涂药、烙法", + "C": "收敛、固涩", + "D": "熨法、热烘", + "E": "针灸、垫棉" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "脱肛外治法:①熏洗疗法以苦参汤加石榴皮、枯矾、五倍子,煎水熏洗:②敷药疗法，五倍子散或马勃散调凡士林外敷肛门。" + }, + { + "question_num": 77, + "query": "下列哪项是胃的生理功能", + "options": { + "A": "水谷精微的转输", + "B": "水谷的受纳和腐熟", + "C": "水液的吸收和转输", + "D": "脏器位置的维系", + "E": "血液的统摄" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "胃的生理功能:受纳、腐熟水谷;主通降,以降为和,故选B。ACDE项均属脾的生理功能。" + }, + { + "question_num": 78, + "query": "下列除哪项外,均可胸痛", + "options": { + "A": "带状疱疹", + "B": "肺瘤", + "C": "气胸", + "D": "心包炎", + "E": "哮喘" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "导致胸痛最常见的疾病:气胸、肺栓塞、肺炎、心包炎、细菌性或病毒性胸膜炎等。肺癌早期胸痛较轻，主要表现为闷痛、隐痛、部位不一定。带状疱疹也可引起疼痛。" + }, + { + "question_num": 79, + "query": "治疗忧郁伤神之郁证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "半夏厚朴汤", + "B": "甘麦大枣汤", + "C": "丹栀逍遥散", + "D": "柴胡疏肝散", + "E": "茯苓导痰汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "郁证之肝郁伤神证(心神失养证)治法:甘润缓急,养心安神。代表方:甘麦大枣汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 80, + "query": "临床治疗子痰初起，常选用的方剂是", + "options": { + "A": "透脓散加减", + "B": "橘核丸加减", + "C": "阳和汤加减", + "D": "黄连解毒汤加减", + "E": "滋阴除湿汤加减" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "子痰初起方药:阳和汤加减,配服小金丹。" + }, + { + "question_num": 81, + "query": "被称为“决渎之官”的是", + "options": { + "A": "胆", + "B": "胃", + "C": "三焦", + "D": "小肠", + "E": "膀胱" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "三焦为“决渎之官“" + }, + { + "question_num": 82, + "query": "肺炎球菌肺炎的痰液特征是", + "options": { + "A": "粉红色泡沫样痰", + "B": "鲜红色痰", + "C": "棕褐色痰", + "D": "铁锈色痰", + "E": "灰黄色痰" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "特殊病理的痰液有以下几种情况:红色或棕红色痰见于肺癌、肺结核、支气管扩张;铁锈色痰见于细菌性肺炎(大叶性肺炎)、肺梗死;粉红色浆液泡沫性痰见于急性左心功能不全、肺水肿;棕褐色痰见于阿米巴性脓肿、慢性充血性心脏病、肺淤血等;灰黑色痰见于煤矿工及大量吸烟者。肺脓肿及晚期肺癌患者痰常有恶臭。" + }, + { + "question_num": 83, + "query": "提出“止血、消瘀、宁血、补血”治血四法的医著是", + "options": { + "A": "《血证论》", + "B": "《景岳全书》", + "C": "《医林改错》", + "D": "《临证指南医案》", + "E": "《先醒斋医学广笔记》" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 84, + "query": "下列哪项不是附骨疽的临床特点", + "options": { + "A": "好发于儿童", + "B": "多发于脊柱骨", + "C": "局部胖肿,疼痛彻骨", + "D": "溃后脓水淋漓,不易收口", + "E": "可成窦道,损筋伤骨" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "附骨疽是一种毒邪深沉、附着于骨的化脓性疾病,其特点是多发于四肢长骨,局部胖肿,附筋着骨,推之不移,疼痛彻骨溃后脓水淋漓，不易收口，可成实道,损伤筋骨,好发于2~10岁的男孩。" + }, + { + "question_num": 85, + "query": "脏腑关系中，被称为“燥湿相济”的地方是", + "options": { + "A": "肺与大肠", + "B": "肾与膀胱", + "C": "心与肾", + "D": "肺与肝", + "E": "脾与胃" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "脾喜燥恶湿,胃喜润恶燥脾与胃“燥湿相济”,故选E。" + }, + { + "question_num": 86, + "query": "我国最常见的咯血原因呈", + "options": { + "A": "支气管扩张", + "B": "肺结核", + "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", + "D": "肺脓肿", + "E": "支气管肺瘤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "引起咯血的原因据文献报道有130多种;一般较常见的是支气管疾病、肺部疾病、心脏病及某些全身性疾病。在我国临占所有咯血总数的60%~92.4%。" + }, + { + "question_num": 87, + "query": "治疗尿血肾气不固者,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "六味地黄丸", + "B": "十灰散", + "C": "春泽汤", + "D": "保真汤", + "E": "无比山药丸" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "尿血肾气不固证治法:补益肾气,固摄止血。代表方:无比山药丸。" + }, + { + "question_num": 88, + "query": "烧伤面积的计算按中国九分法，双上肢面积占", + "options": { + "A": "9%", + "B": "18%", + "C": "27%", + "D": "36%", + "E": "45%" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "中国九分法,将全身体表面积分为11个9等份。成人头、面、颈部为9%;双上肢为2x9%。" + }, + { + "question_num": 89, + "query": "元气耗损和功能减退,脏腑功能低下,抗病能力下降的病机是", + "options": { + "A": "气虚", + "B": "气脱", + "C": "血虚", + "D": "津亏", + "E": "气陷" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "气虚,是指气的推动、温煦防御、固摄和气化功能的减退，从而导致机体的某些功能活动低下或衰退,抗病能力下降等衰弱的现象。" + }, + { + "question_num": 90, + "query": "夜间阵发性呼吸困难,可见于", + "options": { + "A": "急性脑血管疾病", + "B": "癔症", + "C": "急性感染所致的毒血症", + "D": "慢性阻塞性肺气肿", + "E": "左心功能不全" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "左心功能不全多表现为夜间阵发性呼吸困难。" + }, + { + "question_num": 91, + "query": "治疗咳血燥热伤肺证，应首选", + "options": { + "A": "沙参麦冬汤", + "B": "桑杏汤", + "C": "百合固金汤", + "D": "麦门冬汤", + "E": "清燥救肺汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肺为娇胜，鲁润芯燥，深热伤肺,破伤血络,故见咳血,治宜清热润肺，宁络止血。方用桑杏汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 92, + "query": "小面积烧伤,初期可用", + "options": { + "A": "清凉油", + "B": "红油膏", + "C": "金黄膏", + "D": "冲和膏", + "E": "黄连膏" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "小面积烧伤,初期用京万红烫伤药膏、清凉油、紫草膏等。" + }, + { + "question_num": 93, + "query": "患者自汗,多尿,滑精;是因气的何种作用失常所致", + "options": { + "A": "推动", + "B": "温煦", + "C": "防御", + "D": "固摄", + "E": "气化" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "气的固摄作用是指对于血液、津液等液态物质具有防止其无故流失的作用,故选D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 94, + "query": "呕吐与头部位置改变有密切关系的疾病是", + "options": { + "A": "脑炎", + "B": "耳源性眩晕", + "C": "妊娠反应", + "D": "尿毒症", + "E": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "耳源性眩晕是指前庭迷路感受异常引起的眩晕。当发生迷路积水(梅尼埃病)、晕动病、迷路炎、迷路出血，发生眩晕、呕吐。" + }, + { + "question_num": 95, + "query": "治疗吐血胃热壅盛证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "玉女煎", + "B": "龙胆泻肝汤", + "C": "加味清胃散合泻心汤", + "D": "地榆散合槐角丸", + "E": "泻心汤合十灰散" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "吐血胃热壅盛,治宜清泻胃火,凉血正血。十灰散泻热凉血，收涩止血" + }, + { + "question_num": 96, + "query": "蛇咬伤后(神经毒)者,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "活血祛风", + "B": "清热解毒,凉血止血", + "C": "清利湿热,凉血息风", + "D": "凉血息风,豁痰", + "E": "清热解毒,活血凉血止血" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "蛇咬伤后,辨证为风毒(神经毒)者治则为活血祛风。" + }, + { + "question_num": 97, + "query": "中医治疗血虚证时，常加人一定量的补气药,其根据是", + "options": { + "A": "气能生血", + "B": "血能生气", + "C": "血能载气", + "D": "气能行血", + "E": "气能摄血" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "《灵枢·邪客篇》:“营气者泌其津液、注之于脉、化以为血。”气盛则化生血的功能自强,气虚则化生血的功能自弱，从而导致血虚,临床出现气短、乏力、面色不华等气血两虚的病症。治疗上采取益气补血之品。" + }, + { + "question_num": 98, + "query": "下列除哪项外,均可引起阻塞性黄疸", + "options": { + "A": "疟疾", + "B": "胆管癌", + "C": "肝癌", + "D": "胆道蛔虫病", + "E": "胆总管结石" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "阻塞性黄疸可分为肝内胆汁淤积和肝外胆汁淤积。前者见于肝内泥沙样结石、癌栓、寄生虫病、毛细胆管型病毒性肝炎、药物性胆汁淤积、原发性胆汁性肝硬化等" + }, + { + "question_num": 99, + "query": "支饮,饮邪停留的部位是", + "options": { + "A": "胁下", + "B": "胸肺", + "C": "肢体", + "D": "胃", + "E": "肠" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "《金匮要略》将痰饮分为四类:饮停于胃肠称为痰饮;饮留胁下称为悬饮;饮溢四肢称为溢饮;饮停胸肺称为支饮，" + }, + { + "question_num": 100, + "query": "肌肉强直性痉挛是破伤风的典型症状之一,其首先出现的部位是", + "options": { + "A": "上肢", + "B": "下肢", + "C": "头面", + "D": "颈项", + "E": "躯干" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "肌肉强直性痉挛首先从头面部开始,进而延展至躯干四肢,故选择C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 101, + "query": "按十二经脉分布规律,太阳经行于", + "options": { + "A": "面额", + "B": "后头", + "C": "头侧", + "D": "前额", + "E": "面部" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "手太阳经行于面颊部，足太阳经行于头顶、后头部。" + }, + { + "question_num": 102, + "query": "下列不属谵妄表现的是", + "options": { + "A": "意识大部分丧失", + "B": "谵语", + "C": "躁动不安", + "D": "意识模糊", + "E": "错觉" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "谵妄是一种以兴奋性增高为主的高级神经中枢急性活动失调状态，产生大量的幻觉、错觉并躁动不安,无意识丧失，" + }, + { + "question_num": 103, + "query": "治疗阴虚发热,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "六味地黄丸", + "B": "一贯煎", + "C": "清骨散", + "D": "二阴煎", + "E": "三圣散" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "清骨散清虚热,退骨蒸,用于阴虚内热证,故选C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 104, + "query": "患者,男,24岁。转移性右下腹痛6小时,临床诊为肠痈。现除轻度腹痛外，尚有轻度发热，恶心纳呆，小便微黄，大便干结,舌苔厚腻,脉弦滑,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "理气行瘀,疏化导滞", + "B": "行气祛瘀,通腑泄热", + "C": "理气透脓,通腑泄热", + "D": "行气祛瘀,通腑排脓", + "E": "理气活血,通腑透脓" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "本病由于损伤胃肠,导致肠道传化失司,糟粕停滞,气滞血瘀。瘀阻久则化热,盛则肉腐成痈。本病属于瘀滞证，治宜行气祛瘀,通腑泄热。" + }, + { + "question_num": 105, + "query": "足厥阴肝经与足太阴脾经循行交叉，变换前中位置，是在", + "options": { + "A": "外踝上8寸处", + "B": "内踝上2寸处", + "C": "内踝上3寸处", + "D": "内踝上5寸处", + "E": "内踝上8寸处" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "阴经分布在四肢的内侧面“内侧前中后,太阴厥少阴”。但足三阴经在内踝尖上8寸以下的分布，前中后部位依次是厥阴、太阴、少阴" + }, + { + "question_num": 106, + "query": "下列除哪项外均可为正常的叩诊音", + "options": { + "A": "振水音", + "B": "清音", + "C": "鼓音", + "D": "浊音", + "E": "实音" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "在清晨空腹或餐后6~8小时以上仍能听到振水音,提示幽门梗阻或胃扩张。" + }, + { + "question_num": 107, + "query": "虚劳以气虚为主时,主要病变的脏是", + "options": { + "A": "肺、脾", + "B": "心、肾", + "C": "肺、肾", + "D": "脾、肾", + "E": "心、肺" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "肺主气,气虚肯定有肺。肺金脾土,肺虚日久,子盗母气,脾气也虚,故主要是肺、脾。" + }, + { + "question_num": 108, + "query": "患者,女,43岁。人院时诊断为肠痈。现腹皮挛急,全腹压痛、反跳痛,腹胀,恶心、呕吐,大便不爽,次数增多,小便频数,时时汗出皮肤甲错。二目下陷，口干而臭，舌红苔黄糙脉细数,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "积热不散,热盛肉腐", + "B": "阳明腑实,热盛伤阴", + "C": "寒湿内蕴,瘀血凝滞", + "D": "湿热内蕴,气血瘀滞", + "E": "邪毒内蕴,瘀血凝滞" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "本病由于损伤胃肠,导致肠道传化失司,糟粕停滞,气滞血瘀。瘀阻久则化热,盛则肉腐成痈。大便不爽，次数增多为阳明经症状。便频数,时时汗出，皮肤甲错，二目下陷,口千而臭,为阴伤的表现。" + }, + { + "question_num": 109, + "query": "手三阳经与足三阳经交接在", + "options": { + "A": "四肢部", + "B": "肩胛部", + "C": "头面部", + "D": "胸部", + "E": "背部" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "同名的手、足阳经在头面部相接。" + }, + { + "question_num": 110, + "query": "过清音见于", + "options": { + "A": "叩击富有弹性、含气量正常的肺组织所产生的音响", + "B": "叩击含有大量气体的空腔脏器时出现", + "C": "叩击含气量增多、弹性减退的肺组织时出现", + "D": "叩击不含气的实质性脏器时出现", + "E": "叩击各种原因所致含气减少的肺组织时出现" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "过清音是属于鼓音范畴的一种变音,介于鼓音与清音之间。过清音的出现提示肺组织含气量增多,弹性减弱,临床常见于肺气肿。" + }, + { + "question_num": 111, + "query": "拟定补中益气汤的医家是", + "options": { + "A": "张仲景", + "B": "钱乙", + "C": "李东垣", + "D": "张景岳", + "E": "秦景明" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 112, + "query": "属心而络于胞中的经脉是", + "options": { + "A": "冲脉", + "B": "胞脉", + "C": "任脉", + "D": "督脉", + "E": "带脉" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 113, + "query": "循行于上肢内侧中线的经脉是", + "options": { + "A": "手太阳经", + "B": "手少阳经", + "C": "手厥阴经", + "D": "手少阴经", + "E": "手太阴经" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "阴经分布在四肢的内侧面“内侧前中后,太阴厥少阴”。阳经分布在四肢的外侧面,“外侧前中后,阳明少太阳”" + }, + { + "question_num": 114, + "query": "我国高血压病最常见的死亡原因是", + "options": { + "A": "高血压危象", + "B": "急性脑血管病", + "C": "尿毒症", + "D": "心力衰竭", + "E": "缺血性心脏病" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "高血压病常常导致急性脑血管病;而急性脑血管病是一种威胁中老年人生命的常见病,在我国城乡约居各类死因的第二位，是全世界引起死亡的三大病症之一" + }, + { + "question_num": 115, + "query": "治疗虚劳应以补益下列哪项为主", + "options": { + "A": "心、肾", + "B": "心、肺", + "C": "肺、肾", + "D": "脾、肾", + "E": "肝、肾" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "虚劳的病损部位主要在五脏,尤以脾、肾两脏更为重要,为先后天之本" + }, + { + "question_num": 116, + "query": "下列哪项不是天癸成熟的条件", + "options": { + "A": "肾气充盛", + "B": "脾气健旺", + "C": "已18岁", + "D": "精血充实", + "E": "肾阴充盛" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "天癸,源于先天,藏之于肾,受后天水谷精微的滋养，人体发育到一定时期,肾气旺盛,肾中真阴不断得到充实，天逐渐成熟。" + }, + { + "question_num": 117, + "query": "按十二经脉的流注顺序，肝经可下流注的经脉是", + "options": { + "A": "膀胱经", + "B": "胆经", + "C": "三焦经", + "D": "心经", + "E": "肺经" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "十二经脉流注次序:手太阴肺经-手阳明大肠经-足阳明胃经-足太阴脾经-手少阴心经-手太阳小肠经-足太阳膀胱经-足少阴肾经-手厥阴心包经-手少阳三焦经-足少阳胆经-足厥阴肝经-手太阴肺经。" + }, + { + "question_num": 118, + "query": "病理性双侧瞳孔缩小,可见于", + "options": { + "A": "有机磷中毒", + "B": "青光眼", + "C": "视神经萎缩", + "D": "脑肿瘤", + "E": "脑疝" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "有机磷中毒双侧瞳孔缩小,脑肿瘤、脑疝两侧瞳孔大小不等，" + }, + { + "question_num": 119, + "query": "治疗虚劳心阳虚者,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "桂枝甘草汤", + "B": "苓桂术甘汤", + "C": "拯阳理劳汤", + "D": "炙甘草汤", + "E": "人参养荣丸" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "拯阳理劳汤功效为温补心肾，态气温阳，用一心阳能让，故选" + }, + { + "question_num": 120, + "query": "中医学女性生殖轴的概念是", + "options": { + "A": "脑-肾一天癸一胞宫", + "B": "天癸一冲任一气血一胞宫", + "C": "肾一天癸一气血一胞宫", + "D": "肾一天癸一冲任一胞宫", + "E": "天癸-肾一冲任一胞宫" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "D项为女性生殖轴的概念。" + }, + { + "question_num": 121, + "query": "寒邪袭人,导致肢体屈伸不利,是由于", + "options": { + "A": "其性收引,以致经络、筋脉收缩而挛急", + "B": "其为阴邪,伤及阳气,肢体失于温煦", + "C": "其性凝滞,肢体气血流行不利", + "D": "其与肾相应,肾精受损,不能滋养肢体", + "E": "其邪袭表，卫阳被遏，肢体肌肤失于温养" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "寒性收引,寒邪侵袭人体可使气机收敛,媵理、经络、筋脉收缩空急。" + }, + { + "question_num": 122, + "query": "下列不是生理性甲状腺肿大体征的是", + "options": { + "A": "轻度肿大", + "B": "表面光滑", + "C": "无任何症状", + "D": "可闻及连续性血管杂音", + "E": "质地柔软" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "生理性甲状腺肿大:除甲状腺肿大外,往往无自觉症状，甲状腺肿大往往在青年期前即开始,到青春期、妊娠和哺乳期则肿大明显,早期为弥漫性逐渐肿大，质软，以后可形成大小不等的结节，质地坚韧，无血管杂音及震颤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 123, + "query": "治疗虚劳脾胃阴虚者,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "玉女煎", + "B": "益胃汤", + "C": "沙参麦冬汤", + "D": "麦门冬汤", + "E": "一贯煎" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "虚劳脾胃阴虚证治法:养阴和胃。代表方:益胃汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 124, + "query": "妊娠足月胎位下移,腰腹阵痛,有便意或见红者,是", + "options": { + "A": "临产", + "B": "试胎", + "C": "弄胎", + "D": "分娩", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "临产的征兆是胎位下移、小腹坠胀、有便意或见红,故选A。分娩是指怀孕末期,即孕280天左右,胎儿及胎衣自母体阴道娩出的过程。" + }, + { + "question_num": 125, + "query": "六淫之中只有外感而无内生的邪气是", + "options": { + "A": "风", + "B": "寒", + "C": "暑", + "D": "湿", + "E": "火" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "风、寒、暑、湿、火均可外感其中,风,有内生肝风;寒,有内生虚寒;湿,有内生痰湿;火,有内生肝火;只有暑邪只能外感,不能内生。" + }, + { + "question_num": 126, + "query": "肺部叩诊出现实音应考虑的疾病是", + "options": { + "A": "肺炎", + "B": "胸膜炎", + "C": "肺空洞", + "D": "肺气肿", + "E": "大量胸腔积液" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "实音在生理情况下见于叩诊心脏、肝脏,病理情况下见于大量胸腔积液或肺实变。" + }, + { + "question_num": 127, + "query": "下列各项,属着痹特点的是", + "options": { + "A": "疼痛游走不定", + "B": "病势较剧,痛有定处", + "C": "关节酸痛、重着、没肿", + "D": "关节肿胀局限,见皮下结节", + "E": "关节肿胀倔硬,疼痛不移" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "着痹以湿为重,湿性重着。特点是关节酸痛、重着、漫肿，" + }, + { + "question_num": 128, + "query": "下列各项,不属月经病主要病因的是", + "options": { + "A": "寒热湿邪", + "B": "房劳多产", + "C": "内伤七情", + "D": "营卫不调", + "E": "体质因素" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "月经病的主要病因是寒热湿邪侵袭、内伤七情、房劳多产、饮食不节、劳倦过度和体质因素。" + }, + { + "question_num": 129, + "query": "六淫邪气中,具有“重浊”特点的是", + "options": { + "A": "风", + "B": "寒", + "C": "暑", + "D": "湿", + "E": "���" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "六淫是“风、寒、暑(热)、湿:燥、火”的总称。湿:湿为阴邪、易伤阳气,尤为脾阳。湿性重浊、黏滞、缠绵反复。湿有外湿、内湿之分。外混为久居潮湿之地，" + }, + { + "question_num": 130, + "query": "正常肺泡呼吸音的最明显听诊部位在", + "options": { + "A": "喉部", + "B": "肩胛下部", + "C": "胸骨角附近", + "D": "右肺尖", + "E": "肩胛上部" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "正常肺泡呼吸音的最明显听诊部位为肺泡组织较多且胸壁较薄的部位，如乳房下部、肩胛下部、腋窝下部。" + }, + { + "question_num": 131, + "query": "治疗行痹,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "乌头汤", + "B": "薏苡仁汤", + "C": "防风汤", + "D": "宣痹汤", + "E": "白虎加桂枝汤" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "防风汤祛风通络,散寒除湿,侧重祛风,用于风重的行痹,故选C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 132, + "query": "下列哪项不是月经先期肝郁血热证的主症", + "options": { + "A": "月经提前8天", + "B": "经量或多或少", + "C": "经色淡、质稀", + "D": "心烦易怒", + "E": "口苦咽干" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "ABDE项都是肝郁血热证的临床表现。肝郁血热证经色深红或紫红、质稠,故选C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 133, + "query": "易伤人血分,可会聚于局部,腐蚀血肉,发为痈肿疮疡的邪气是", + "options": { + "A": "风", + "B": "湿", + "C": "寒", + "D": "火", + "E": "燥" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "火热之邪人于血分,聚于局部,腐蚀血肉,而发为疮疡痈肿,临床上局部多红肿热痛为特征" + }, + { + "question_num": 134, + "query": "心包摩擦音和胸膜摩擦音的鉴别要点是", + "options": { + "A": "有无心脏病史", + "B": "呼吸是否增快", + "C": "改变体位后摩擦音是否消失", + "D": "屏住呼吸后摩擦音是否消失", + "E": "咳嗽后摩擦音是否消失" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "胸膜摩擦音吸气和呼气相均可听到,以吸气末或呼气开始最为明显，屏气即消失,深呼吸或听诊器胸件加压时，摩擦音增强。心包摩擦音是心包膜纤维素渗出致表面粗糙,心脏收缩时脏层与壁层心包摩擦产生的振动传至胸壁所致,常在胸骨左缘第四肋间触及,屏气后不消失。" + }, + { + "question_num": 135, + "query": "治疗久痹风、寒、湿偏盛不明显者,可选用的方剂是", + "options": { + "A": "防风汤", + "B": "薏苡仁汤", + "C": "宣痹汤", + "D": "蠲痹汤", + "E": "乌头汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 136, + "query": "下列哪项不是月经先期气虚证的临床特点", + "options": { + "A": "月经量多", + "B": "月经色淡", + "C": "月经质稀", + "D": "舌淡,脉弱", + "E": "月经提前7天" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "ABCD项都是气虚证的表现,E项为实证的月经先期的概念,故选E。" + }, + { + "question_num": 137, + "query": "七情刺激,易导致心气涣散的是", + "options": { + "A": "喜", + "B": "怒", + "C": "悲", + "D": "恐", + "E": "惊" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "喜则气缓" + }, + { + "question_num": 138, + "query": "左心室增大时,心尖搏动移位方向是", + "options": { + "A": "向右", + "B": "向左", + "C": "向右下", + "D": "向左下", + "E": "向后" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 139, + "query": "治疗瘘证使用泻南方,补北方的原则是因为该病", + "options": { + "A": "寒多热少,虚多实少", + "B": "热多寒少,虚多实少", + "C": "热多寒少,实多虚少", + "D": "寒多热少,实多虚少", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "痿证日久,皆可累及肝肾,肝肾不足，阴虚火旺是结果,故热多寒少,虚多实少治宜泻南补北,清心滋肾。" + }, + { + "question_num": 140, + "query": "下列哪项不是月经后期虚寒证的主症", + "options": { + "A": "经期延后,量少色淡、质清稀", + "B": "小腹空痛,心悸失眠", + "C": "腰酸无力", + "D": "小便清长,大便稀溏", + "E": "脉沉迟或细弱无力" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肾虚证主要证侯:周期延后,少,色暗淡,质清稀,或带下清稀;腰膝酸软;经行或经后，大便泄泻,经色淡,质清稀;头晕耳鸣,面色晦暗,或面部暗斑;舌淡,苔薄白,脉沉细。B项为气血虚症。" + }, + { + "question_num": 141, + "query": "依据《素问·宣明五气篇》理论,久卧易伤及的是", + "options": { + "A": "气", + "B": "血", + "C": "肉", + "D": "精", + "E": "筋" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "久卧伤气，久坐伤肉" + }, + { + "question_num": 142, + "query": "容易闻及二尖瓣杂音的体位是", + "options": { + "A": "坐位", + "B": "立位", + "C": "平卧位", + "D": "右侧卧位", + "E": "左侧卧位" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "二尖瓣器质性收缩期杂音的特点:杂音呈吹风样,高调,持续时间长,占据整个收缩期,可遮盖第一心音,常向左腋下传导,吸气时减弱,呼气时加强,左侧卧位时更明显。" + }, + { + "question_num": 143, + "query": "治疗痿证肝肾亏损证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "虎潜丸", + "B": "圣愈汤", + "C": "鹿角胶丸", + "D": "补血荣筋丸", + "E": "独活寄生汤" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "痿证日久,多累及肝肾,阴虚生内热,故肝肾亏损宜滋补肝肾,滋阴清热用虎潜丸最合适,故选A。" + }, + { + "question_num": 144, + "query": "治疗崩漏实热证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "保阴煎", + "B": "固本止崩汤", + "C": "清热固经汤", + "D": "清热调血汤", + "E": "左归丸" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "崩漏实热证,应首选清热固经汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 145, + "query": "患者,男,40岁。腰膝酸软,眩晕耳鸣,精神萎靡,性功能减退,并有遗精,早泄,其病因是", + "options": { + "A": "劳力过度", + "B": "房劳过度", + "C": "劳神过度", + "D": "思虑过度", + "E": "安逸过度" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "题中患者表现为房劳过度，" + }, + { + "question_num": 146, + "query": "心室收缩时颈静脉有搏动,可见于", + "options": { + "A": "高血压病", + "B": "严重贫血", + "C": "三尖瓣关闭不全", + "D": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", + "E": "甲状腺功能亢进症" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "颈静脉在心室收缩期显著地搏动，提示三尖瓣关闭不全，心室收缩时血液从右心室向右心房方向反流" + }, + { + "question_num": 147, + "query": "腰痛发病的关键是", + "options": { + "A": "寒湿", + "B": "湿热", + "C": "肾虚", + "D": "气滞", + "E": "血瘀" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "腰痛为本虚标实之证,以经气闭塞为标，肾气内伤为本，发病的关键在肾虚。" + }, + { + "question_num": 148, + "query": "下列各项,不属导致崩漏常见病因的是", + "options": { + "A": "脾虚", + "B": "肾虚", + "C": "血虚", + "D": "血瘀", + "E": "血热" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "崩漏常见病因是脾虚、肾虚、血瘀、血热。" + }, + { + "question_num": 149, + "query": "症见肠鸣沥沥有声,其病机为", + "options": { + "A": "饮在胸胁", + "B": "饮在胸膈", + "C": "饮在肠间", + "D": "饮溢肌肤", + "E": "饮伏体内" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "饮在肠间,则肠鸣沥沥有声;饮在胸胁,则胸胁胀满,咳唾引痛;饮在胸膈,则胸闷,咳喘,不能平卧,其形如肿;饮溢肌肤,则见肌肤水肿,无汗,身体疼重。" + }, + { + "question_num": 150, + "query": "风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的特有体征是", + "options": { + "A": "心尖部第一心音亢进", + "B": "心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音", + "C": "心尖部收缩期吹风样杂音", + "D": "胸骨左缘第二肋间隙第二心音亢进伴分裂", + "E": "开瓣音" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的特有体征是心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音。" + }, + { + "question_num": 151, + "query": "治疗湿热腰痛,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "甘姜苓术汤", + "B": "四妙丸", + "C": "羌活胜湿汤", + "D": "薏苡仁汤", + "E": "鸟头汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "腰痛实证总以祛邪活络为要,用四妙丸最宜，" + }, + { + "question_num": 152, + "query": "下列哪项不属于闭经的病机", + "options": { + "A": "气滞血瘀", + "B": "痰湿阻滞", + "C": "阴虚血燥", + "D": "气血虚弱", + "E": "湿毒壅盛" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "临床常见有气血虚弱、肾气亏虚、阴虚血燥、气滞血瘀、痰湿阻滞、寒凝血瘀或虚实错杂的复合病机。" + }, + { + "question_num": 153, + "query": "下列各项,属瘀血内阻临床表现的是", + "options": { + "A": "面色黧黑", + "B": "面黑干焦", + "C": "面黑浅淡", + "D": "眼周发黑", + "E": "耳轮焦黑" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 154, + "query": "胆道疾病引起的腹痛多放射至", + "options": { + "A": "左肩部", + "B": "右肩部", + "C": "背部", + "D": "左腰背", + "E": "右股内侧" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "放射性疼痛为一个局部病灶通过神经或邻近器官而波及其他部位的疼痛。胆道疾病引起的腹痛多放射至神经走行的部位，即右肩部，" + }, + { + "question_num": 155, + "query": "治疗肾虚腰痛而无明显阴阳偏盛者可选用的方剂是", + "options": { + "A": "杜仲丸", + "B": "青娥丸", + "C": "补髓丹", + "D": "虎潜丸", + "E": "补血荣筋丸" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肾虚腰痛,偏阳虚者用右归丸，偏阴虚者用左归丸，无阴阳偏盛者用青娥丸单纯补肾。" + }, + { + "question_num": 156, + "query": "治疗痛经气滞血瘀证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "血府逐瘀汤", + "B": "膈下逐瘀汤", + "C": "少腹逐瘀汤", + "D": "身痛逐瘀汤", + "E": "通窍活血汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "痛经气滞血瘀证治法:理气行滞,化瘀止痛。主方:膈下逐瘀汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 157, + "query": "下列关于与疾病发生有关的外环境的叙述,错误的是", + "options": { + "A": "气候因素", + "B": "地城因素", + "C": "生活环境", + "D": "工作场所", + "E": "外界精神刺激" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "外界精神刺激为情志致病,为内因致病。" + }, + { + "question_num": 158, + "query": "下列各项,可出现金属样肠姗动音的是", + "options": { + "A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", + "B": "机械性肠梗阻", + "C": "低血钾", + "D": "急性肠炎", + "E": "败血症" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "音调高亢响亮,称肠鸣音活跃或亢进,如肠鸣音高亢呈“叮当”金属声,见于机械性肠梗阻，" + }, + { + "question_num": 159, + "query": "手太阴肺经在上肢的分布是", + "options": { + "A": "内侧前缘", + "B": "外侧前缘", + "C": "内侧中行", + "D": "外侧后缘", + "E": "内侧后缘" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "十二经脉在四肢的排列:手足阳经为阳明在前，少阳在中，太阳在后;手足阴经为太阴在前、厥阴在中、少阴在后。阴经分布在四肢内侧，阳经分布在四肢外侧。手太阴肺经应是分布在上肢内侧前缘" + }, + { + "question_num": 160, + "query": "顺经汤的组成是", + "options": { + "A": "当归、生地黄、白芍、牡丹皮、栀子、茜草、白茅根", + "B": "人参、麦门冬、山药、半夏、大枣、甘草、丹参", + "C": "栀子、赤茯苓、当归、黄芩、白芍、生地黄、泽泻", + "D": "当归、熟地黄、沙参、白芍、茯苓、黑荆芥、牡丹皮", + "E": "生地黄、当归、川芎、蒲黄、牛膝、白芍甘草梢" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "顺经汤组成:当归、熟地黄、白芍、黑荆芥、茯苓、牡丹皮、沙参。" + }, + { + "question_num": 161, + "query": "下列哪项属于药性升浮药物的功效", + "options": { + "A": "止咳平喘", + "B": "渗湿利尿", + "C": "息风潜阳", + "D": "祛风散寒", + "E": "清热泻下" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "升、浮,指药物向上、向外的趋向性作用。一般而言,发表、透疹、升阳、涌利水、潜阳、镇惊安神、止咳平喘、止呕等药具有沉降作用。" + }, + { + "question_num": 162, + "query": "中枢性瘫痪的特点是", + "options": { + "A": "肌张力降低", + "B": "腱反射减弱", + "C": "浅反射消失", + "D": "不出现病理反射", + "E": "肌张力增强" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "中枢性瘫痪的特点:上运动神经元瘫痪，大脑皮质运动区或锥体束受损:引起对侧肢体单瘫或偏瘫,瘫痪肌肉张力增高,腱反射亢进,出现病理反射,瘫痪肌肉不萎缩。" + }, + { + "question_num": 163, + "query": "分布于胸腹第一侧线的经脉是", + "options": { + "A": "足太阴脾经", + "B": "足少阴肾经", + "C": "足少阳胆经", + "D": "足阳明胃经", + "E": "足厥阴肝经" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "胸腹部侧线由内向外依次为足少阴肾经、足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经、足厥阴肝经。" + }, + { + "question_num": 164, + "query": "完带汤适用于带下病的哪种证候", + "options": { + "A": "脾虚", + "B": "肾阴虚", + "C": "肾阳虚", + "D": "湿热", + "E": "热毒" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "完带汤的功用:补脾疏肝化湿止带,故主要用于脾虚带下。" + }, + { + "question_num": 165, + "query": "蝉蜕的主要归经是", + "options": { + "A": "肺、脾", + "B": "肺、肾", + "C": "肺、心", + "D": "肺、肝", + "E": "肺、大肠" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "蝉蜕甘、寒,归肺、肝经,故选择D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 166, + "query": "下列不属锥体束病变时的病理反射的是", + "options": { + "A": "巴宾斯基征", + "B": "查多克征", + "C": "戈登征", + "D": "拉塞格征", + "E": "奥本海姆征" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "锥体束病理反射包括巴宾斯基征、奥本海姆征、戈登征以及查多克征等，直腿抬高试验又称“拉塞格征”。" + }, + { + "question_num": 167, + "query": "与女子妊娠密切相关的经脉是", + "options": { + "A": "督脉", + "B": "任脉", + "C": "冲脉", + "D": "带脉", + "E": "阴维脉" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "任脉与女子妊娠密切相关。" + }, + { + "question_num": 168, + "query": "下列除哪项外均是妊娠禁药", + "options": { + "A": "峻下剂", + "B": "破血剂", + "C": "逐瘀剂", + "D": "和血剂", + "E": "有毒剂" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "妊娠禁药或慎用药有峻下剂、破血剂、逐瘀剂、有毒剂、滑利剂、耗气剂散气剂。" + }, + { + "question_num": 169, + "query": "下列各组药物中,属于配伍禁忌的是", + "options": { + "A": "巴豆与牵牛", + "B": "丁香与三棱", + "C": "牙硝与郁金", + "D": "官桂与五灵脂", + "E": "人参与石脂" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "十九畏:硫黄畏朴硝,水银畏砒霜,狼毒畏密陀僧,巴豆畏牵牛,丁香畏郁金,川乌、草乌畏犀角,牙硝畏三棱,官桂畏赤石脂，人参畏五灵脂。" + }, + { + "question_num": 170, + "query": "下列各项对诊断份寒最有意义的是", + "options": { + "A": "稽留热", + "B": "血细菌培养阳性", + "C": "脾大", + "D": "肝大", + "E": "相对缓脉" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "血细菌培养阳性,即O、H" + }, + { + "question_num": 171, + "query": "手太阳小肠经与足太阳膀胱经的交接部位是", + "options": { + "A": "目外眦", + "B": "目内眦", + "C": "目中", + "D": "鼻旁", + "E": "口角旁" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "手太阳小肠经与足太阳膀胱经在目内眦交接，故选B." + }, + { + "question_num": 172, + "query": "妊娠期瘀阻胎元,使用活血化瘀药的原则是", + "options": { + "A": "治病与安胎并举", + "B": "衰其大半而止", + "C": "禁止使用", + "D": "病去即止", + "E": "慎用" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "妊娠期瘀阻胎元,使用活血化瘀药需严格掌握剂量，衰其大半而止。" + }, + { + "question_num": 173, + "query": "钩藤入汤剂宜", + "options": { + "A": "先煎", + "B": "后下", + "C": "包煎", + "D": "另煎", + "E": "烊化" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "钩藤含挥发性成分,不能久煎,因此钩藤人汤剂宜后下。" + }, + { + "question_num": 174, + "query": "血清总胆红素、结合胆红素、非结合胆红素均中度增加，可见于", + "options": { + "A": "蚕豆病", + "B": "胆石症", + "C": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血", + "D": "急性黄疸型肝炎", + "E": "胰头癌" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "肝细胞性黄疸时结合与非结合胆红素均中度增高，尿胆红素阳性，尿胆原增加、正常或减少" + }, + { + "question_num": 175, + "query": "按十二经脉的流注次序,肝经向下流注的经脉是", + "options": { + "A": "膀胱经", + "B": "胆经", + "C": "三焦经", + "D": "心经", + "E": "肺经" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "十二经脉流注次序:肺经大肠经、胃经、脾经、经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经、心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经,再由肝经相传肺经,流注不止。" + }, + { + "question_num": 176, + "query": "妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证的特点是", + "options": { + "A": "呕吐痰涎", + "B": "食入即吐", + "C": "呕吐黏痰", + "D": "呕吐酸水或苦水", + "E": "呕吐血性分泌物" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证主要证候:妊娠早期，恶心，呕吐不食,甚则食人即吐。" + }, + { + "question_num": 177, + "query": "下列各药中,人汤剂宜包煎的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "砂仁", + "B": "沉香", + "C": "磁石", + "D": "五灵脂", + "E": "天南星" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "砂仁、沉香人汤剂宜后下!磁石宜打碎先煎，五灵脂宜包煎、天南星多制用。" + }, + { + "question_num": 178, + "query": "下列各项,最易发生代谢性碱中毒的是", + "options": { + "A": "慢性肾功能不全", + "B": "休克", + "C": "��瘘", + "D": "幽门梗阻", + "E": "急性肾功能不全" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "代谢性碱中毒主是体内HCO:多引起。幽门梗阻、严重呕吐是最常见的病因,长期使用呋塞米等利尿药、C1-排出增多、HCO回收人血液增多,可发生低氯性碱中毒。低血钾时，K*从细胞内释出，Na-和H*进人细胞内,引起细胞外液碱中毒,称为低钾性碱中毒。" + }, + { + "question_num": 179, + "query": "“阴脉之海”是指", + "options": { + "A": "带脉", + "B": "任脉", + "C": "冲脉", + "D": "阴跷脉", + "E": "阴维脉" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "“阴脉之海”是指任脉，" + }, + { + "question_num": 180, + "query": "下列各项,不属宫外孕手术适应证的是", + "options": { + "A": "输卵管间质部妊娠", + "B": "残角子宫妊娠", + "C": "妊娠试验持续阳性,包块继续长大", + "D": "输卵管破损时间较长,形成血肿包块", + "E": "愿意同时施行绝育术者" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "宫外孕手术适应证:停经时间长,疑为输卵管间质部或残角子宫妊娠者休克严重,内出血是多或持续出血，虽经抢救而不易控制者;妊娠试验持续阳性，包块继续长大,杀胚药无效者;愿意同时施行绝育术者。" + }, + { + "question_num": 181, + "query": "具有散风寒,通鼻窍功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "桂枝", + "B": "生姜", + "C": "防风", + "D": "辛夷", + "E": "紫苏" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "辛夷发散风寒、通窍;紫苏解表散寒、行气宽中、解鱼毒,安胎。" + }, + { + "question_num": 182, + "query": "下列除哪项外,均可引起血清钾增高", + "options": { + "A": "急、慢性肾衰竭", + "B": "静脉滴注大量钾盐", + "C": "严重溶血", + "D": "代谢性酸中毒", + "E": "代谢性碱中毒" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "血清钾增高见于:①肾脏排钾减少;②摄人大量钾盐,超过肾脏排钾能力;③严重溶血或组织损伤,红细胞或组织的钾大量释放人细胞外液;④组织缺氧或代谢性酸中毒时大量细胞内的钾转移至细胞外，故选E。" + }, + { + "question_num": 183, + "query": "心经的郄穴是", + "options": { + "A": "少府", + "B": "神门", + "C": "阴郄", + "D": "灵道", + "E": "通里" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "少府是心经的荥穴,神门是心经的原穴，阴郄是心经的都穴，灵道是心经的经穴，通里是心经的络穴，" + }, + { + "question_num": 184, + "query": "下列各项,不属胎动不安和异位妊娠监别要点的是", + "options": { + "A": "阴道出血", + "B": "腹痛程度、性质", + "C": "B超检测孕囊着床部位", + "D": "妇检宫颈举痛", + "E": "妇检附件包块" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 185, + "query": "功能祛风散寒止痛,普治巅顶头痛的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "白芷", + "B": "藁本", + "C": "细辛", + "D": "吴茱萸", + "E": "苍耳子" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "藁本则擅长治疗巅顶头痛" + }, + { + "question_num": 186, + "query": "下列关于急性胰腺炎酶学检查的叙述,正确的是", + "options": { + "A": "血清淀粉酶多在发病1~2小时开始增高", + "B": "尿淀粉酶多在发病3~4小时开始增高", + "C": "胰腺广泛坏死时,尿淀粉酶可增高不明显", + "D": "尿淀粉酶的增高多早于血清淀粉酶", + "E": "尿、血淀粉酶常同时开始增高" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "胰腺广泛坏死时,尿淀粉酶可增高不明显。" + }, + { + "question_num": 187, + "query": "大肠的下合穴是", + "options": { + "A": "委中", + "B": "足三里", + "C": "上巨虚", + "D": "下巨虚", + "E": "阳陵泉" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "下合穴共有六个,胃、大肠小肠、胆、膀胱、三焦的下合穴依次为足三里上巨虚、下巨虚、阳陵泉、委中、委阳。" + }, + { + "question_num": 188, + "query": "下列哪项是产后用药三禁", + "options": { + "A": "活血、通便、消导", + "B": "大汗、峻下、利小便", + "C": "清热、凉血、滋阴", + "D": "祛寒、开郁、化瘀", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "产后用药三禁,即禁峻下以防亡阴;禁大汗以防亡阳;禁通利小便以防亡津液。" + }, + { + "question_num": 189, + "query": "治疗外感发热,邪郁肌腠,项背强痛者,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "荆芥", + "B": "白芷", + "C": "薄荷", + "D": "葛根", + "E": "柴胡" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "葛根解肌退热,透疹,���津止渴,升阳止泻,可治疗项背强痛" + }, + { + "question_num": 190, + "query": "病理性蛋白尿,可见于", + "options": { + "A": "剧烈活动后", + "B": "严重受寒", + "C": "直立性蛋白尿", + "D": "妊娠中毒", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "①功能性蛋白尿见于剧烈运动、精神紧张等;②体位性(直立性)蛋白尿以青少年多见;③病理性蛋白尿分:肾前性,肾性(如肾小球和肾小管炎症、血管病变、中毒等),肾后性。" + }, + { + "question_num": 191, + "query": "足临泣是八脉交会穴中", + "options": { + "A": "通任脉的穴位", + "B": "通督脉的穴位", + "C": "通冲脉的穴位", + "D": "通带脉的穴位", + "E": "通阳跷脉的六位" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 192, + "query": "治疗产后发热感染毒证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "小柴胡汤", + "B": "大柴胡汤", + "C": "桃红消瘀汤", + "D": "白虎汤", + "E": "解毒活血汤" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "产后发热感染邪毒证用五味消毒饮合失笑散或解毒活血汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 193, + "query": "薄荷、牛蒡子除均可疏散风热外,还具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "利咽透疹", + "B": "宣肺祛痰", + "C": "明目退翳", + "D": "息风止痉", + "E": "疏肝理气" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "薄荷疏散风热,清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气。牛蒡子疏散风热，宣肺祛痰,利咽透疹,解毒散肿" + }, + { + "question_num": 194, + "query": "肺心病心功能失代偿期多表现为", + "options": { + "A": "以右心衰竭为主", + "B": "低氧血症", + "C": "二氧化碳潴留", + "D": "全心衰竭", + "E": "肺水肿" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "肺心病的主要体征为颈静脉怒张、肝大、下肢水肿等。右心室扩大及肥大,右心失代偿则体循环瘀血，出现上述临床表现。" + }, + { + "question_num": 195, + "query": "治疗滞产,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "合谷", + "B": "太冲", + "C": "足三里", + "D": "血海", + "E": "至阴" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "合谷穴主治:头痛、目赤肿痛、鼻衄、齿痛、口眼斜、耳聋等头面五官诸疾;发热恶寒等外感病证;热病无汗或多汗;经闭、滞产等妇产科病证;上肢疼痛、不遂;牙拔除术、甲状腺手术等口面五官及颈部手术针麻常用穴。" + }, + { + "question_num": 196, + "query": "最早提出烧灼法断脐预防脐风的儿科专著是", + "options": { + "A": "《小儿药证直诀》", + "B": "《小儿卫生总微论方》", + "C": "《幼科发挥》", + "D": "《保婴振要》", + "E": "《幼幼集成》" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "《小儿卫生总微论方》中最早提出用烧灼法断脐的方法。" + }, + { + "question_num": 197, + "query": "芦根、淡竹叶的共同功效,除清热除烦外,还有", + "options": { + "A": "利尿", + "B": "止呕", + "C": "生津", + "D": "排脓", + "E": "凉血" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "芦根清热泻火,生津止渴:除烦,止呕,利尿。淡竹叶清热泻火，除烦，利尿,故选择A。" + }, + { + "question_num": 198, + "query": "外源性哮喘的临床表现是", + "options": { + "A": "多见于青壮年", + "B": "常于冬季或气候骤变时发病", + "C": "前驱症状后发病急,缓解快", + "D": "有呼吸道感染症状", + "E": "起病慢,症状缓解后哮鸣音可持续多时" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "外源性哮喘。多见于儿童青少年,常于春秋发病，可有前驱症状，发病急,缓解快,缓解后哮鸣音很快消失，血清中IgE增高。" + }, + { + "question_num": 199, + "query": "患者外感风寒,咽喉赤肿疼痛,吞咽困难,咽干,咳嗽。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "合谷", + "B": "内庭", + "C": "太溪", + "D": "鱼际", + "E": "廉泉" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 200, + "query": "随着小儿年龄的增加", + "options": { + "A": "脉搏增快,血压增高", + "B": "脉搏增快，血压减低", + "C": "脉搏减慢,血压增高", + "D": "脉搏减慢,血压减低", + "E": "脉搏、血压均无明显变化" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "随着小儿年龄的增加,小儿的脉搏减慢,血压增高。" + }, + { + "question_num": 201, + "query": "治疗脾虚便溏尤应慎用的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "石膏", + "B": "芦根", + "C": "知母", + "D": "天花粉", + "E": "淡竹叶" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "知母性��质润,有滑肠作用,故脾虚便溏者应慎用。" + }, + { + "question_num": 202, + "query": "内源性哮喘的临床表现是", + "options": { + "A": "多见于儿童与青少年", + "B": "常于春、秋季发病", + "C": "可有前驱症状", + "D": "起病慢,较多见哮喘持续状态", + "E": "发病急,症状缓解快" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "内源性哮喘,以女性居多患者常先有呼吸道感染或支气管的咳嗽、咳痰史及发热等全身症状，逐渐出现哮喘。发作时虽与外源性哮喘相似,但起病慢、持续较久，且逐渐加重，顽固性者夜间发作较为多见，待感" + }, + { + "question_num": 203, + "query": "下合穴中可治疗肠痈、痢疾的是", + "options": { + "A": "足三里", + "B": "上巨虚", + "C": "下巨虚", + "D": "委中", + "E": "阳陵泉" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "下合穴主要用于治疗六腑疾病、足三里治疗胃脘痛，上巨虚治疗肠痈、痢疾,下巨虚治疗泄泻,委中治疗腹痛、急性吐泻,阳陵泉治疗肝胆犯胃病" + }, + { + "question_num": 204, + "query": "小儿“稚阴稚阳”学说,是指其生理状态为", + "options": { + "A": "阳常有余,阴常不足", + "B": "脏腑娇嫩,形气未充", + "C": "生机蓬勃,发育迅速", + "D": "脏气清灵,易趋健康", + "E": "脾常不足,肝常有余" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "吴鞠通的稚阴稚阳理论概括为“脏腑娇嫩,形气未充”。" + }, + { + "question_num": 205, + "query": "下列具有清热生津,止呕,除烦功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "大青叶", + "B": "鱼腥草", + "C": "夏枯草", + "D": "蒲公英", + "E": "芦根" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "芦根清热泻火,生津止渴除烦,止呕,利尿。" + }, + { + "question_num": 206, + "query": "可直接导致意识障碍的心律失常是", + "options": { + "A": "室性期前收缩", + "B": "房性期前收缩", + "C": "心室颤动", + "D": "右束支阻滞", + "E": "窦性心动过速" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "心室颤动临床症状包括意识丧失、抽搐、呼吸停顿甚至死亡、听诊心音消失、脉搏触不到、血压亦无法测到,故选C。而室性期前收缩、房性室性期前收缩、右束支阳滞和窦性心动过速只有少数严重者出现意识障碍。" + }, + { + "question_num": 207, + "query": "属足太阴脾经的腧穴是", + "options": { + "A": "血海", + "B": "少海", + "C": "小海", + "D": "照海", + "E": "气海" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "血海为足太阴脾经的腧穴" + }, + { + "question_num": 208, + "query": "小儿“地图舌”是由于", + "options": { + "A": "肺气虚弱", + "B": "脾阳亏虚", + "C": "脾失健运", + "D": "宿食内停", + "E": "胃之气阴不足" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "地图舌多为胃之气阴不足所致。" + }, + { + "question_num": 209, + "query": "胃火炽盛,消谷善饥,烦渴多饮者,治疗宜选用", + "options": { + "A": "黄柏", + "B": "栀子", + "C": "黄连", + "D": "黄苓", + "E": "苦参" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "黄连长于清中焦湿热,尤善清胃火,可治胃火炽盛,消谷善饥之消渴证,黄芬善清中上焦湿热，" + }, + { + "question_num": 210, + "query": "典型心绞痛息者,含服硝酸甘油片后，缓解的时间一般是", + "options": { + "A": "1分钟之内", + "B": "1~3分钟", + "C": "5~10分钟", + "D": "11~20分钟", + "E": "21~30分钟" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "典型心绞痛发作是突然发生的位于胸骨体上段或中段之后的压榨性、闷胀性或窒息性疼痛，亦可能波及大部分心前区,可放射至左肩左上肢前内侧，舌下含硝酸甘油片如有效,心绞痛应于1~3分钟内缓解，" + }, + { + "question_num": 211, + "query": "地机穴位于", + "options": { + "A": "胫骨内侧面后缘,内踝尖上5寸", + "B": "胫骨内侧髁下方凹陷处", + "C": "胫骨内侧面中央,内踝尖上5寸", + "D": "胫骨内侧面中央,内踝尖上7寸", + "E": "内踝尖与阴陵泉穴的连线上，阴陵泉下" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "地机穴在小腿内侧,当内踝尖与阴陵泉的连线上，阴陵泉下3寸。" + }, + { + "question_num": 212, + "query": "下列除哪项外均可使用培元补肾法", + "options": { + "A": "解颅", + "B": "五迟", + "C": "五软", + "D": "哮喘", + "E": "肺炎喘嗽" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "肺炎喘嗽外因责之于感受风邪，或由其他疾病传变而来;内因责之于小儿形气未充,肺脏娇嫩,卫外不固。" + }, + { + "question_num": 213, + "query": "具有燥湿功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "蒲公英", + "B": "紫花地丁", + "C": "鱼腥草", + "D": "穿心莲", + "E": "青黛" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "穿心莲清热解毒,凉血，消肿,燥湿。" + }, + { + "question_num": 214, + "query": "消化性溃疡最常见的并发症是", + "options": { + "A": "上消化道出血", + "B": "胃肠穿孔", + "C": "幽门梗阻", + "D": "癌变", + "E": "休克" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "消化性溃疡主要指发生在胃和十二指肠的慢性溃疡。出血是消化性溃疡最常见的并发症,也是上消化道大出血最常见的病因。" + }, + { + "question_num": 215, + "query": "属于手少心阴经的腧穴是", + "options": { + "A": "照海", + "B": "气海", + "C": "血海", + "D": "少海", + "E": "小海" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "少海是手少阴心经的腧穴" + }, + { + "question_num": 216, + "query": "大便澄澈清冷、完谷不化的病机是", + "options": { + "A": "感受外邪", + "B": "伤于饮食", + "C": "脾胃虚弱", + "D": "脾肾阳虚", + "E": "气阴两伤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "脾肾阳虚，虚寒内生，命火不足，不能温煦脾土,所以见到大便澄澈清冷，完谷不化。" + }, + { + "question_num": 217, + "query": "治疗大头瘟毒,头面红肿,咽喉不利,宜首选", + "options": { + "A": "穿心莲", + "B": "板蓝根", + "C": "金银花", + "D": "山豆根", + "E": "蒲公英" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "板蓝根具有清热解毒,凉血利咽的功效,多用于温热病发热、头痛、喉痛或温毒发斑、痄腮、痈肿疮毒、丹毒、大头瘟等" + }, + { + "question_num": 218, + "query": "急性胰腺炎属于", + "options": { + "A": "感染性疾病", + "B": "遗传性疾病", + "C": "自身消化性疾病", + "D": "免疫性疾病", + "E": "结缔组织疾病" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "导致胰腺的自身消化而发生急性胰腺炎,故其本质为自身消化性疾病。" + }, + { + "question_num": 219, + "query": "治疗乳汁不足的俞穴是", + "options": { + "A": "中冲", + "B": "隐白", + "C": "少泽", + "D": "少冲", + "E": "大敦" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "少泽穴的主治:乳痈、乳少等乳疾。" + }, + { + "question_num": 220, + "query": "小儿汗证的常见病因是", + "options": { + "A": "气虚", + "B": "阴虚", + "C": "阳虚", + "D": "血虚", + "E": "体虚" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "气虚是小儿汗证的常见病因。" + }, + { + "question_num": 221, + "query": "具有养阴生津功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "生地黄", + "B": "牡丹皮", + "C": "赤芍", + "D": "紫草", + "E": "金银花" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "生地黄清热凉血，养阴生津。" + }, + { + "question_num": 222, + "query": "急性链球菌感染后所致的肾小球肾炎，与肾小球滤过率降低无关的是", + "options": { + "A": "内皮细胞增生肿胀", + "B": "肾小球毛细血管腔狭窄", + "C": "肾小球系膜细胞增生", + "D": "毛细血管壁基底膜明显增厚", + "E": "肾小球缺血" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "影响肾小球滤过率有三大因素:有效滤过压、肾小球血浆流量、滤过膜通透性和滤过面积的改变" + }, + { + "question_num": 223, + "query": "太溪穴位于", + "options": { + "A": "内踝下缘凹陷处", + "B": "外踝下缘凹陷处", + "C": "内踝前下方凹陷中", + "D": "外踝高点与跟腱之间凹陷处", + "E": "内踝高点与跟腱之间凹陷处" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "太溪穴的定位:在足内侧内踝后方,当内踝尖与跟腱之间的凹陷处。" + }, + { + "question_num": 224, + "query": "小儿疯痫痰痫证的治法是", + "options": { + "A": "祛风涤痰", + "B": "息风开窍", + "C": "健脾化痰", + "D": "通窍定痫", + "E": "豁痰开窍" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "小儿疯痫痰痫证的治法是豁痰开窍,方选涤痰汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 225, + "query": "既能润肠通便,又能利水消肿的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "知母", + "B": "杏仁", + "C": "决明子", + "D": "郁李仁", + "E": "火麻仁" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "郁李仁润肠通便,利水消肿;火麻仁润肠通便,滋养补虚。" + }, + { + "question_num": 226, + "query": "引起尿路感染的病原体最多见的是", + "options": { + "A": "葡萄球菌", + "B": "变形杆菌", + "C": "副大肠埃希菌", + "D": "大肠埃希菌", + "E": "链球菌" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "尿路感染最多见的病原体是大肠埃希菌，占70%。" + }, + { + "question_num": 227, + "query": "乳头直下，第七肋间隙的穴位是", + "options": { + "A": "章门", + "B": "期门", + "C": "带脉", + "D": "京门", + "E": "日月" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "日月的定位:在上腹部,当乳头直下,第七肋间隙,前正中线旁开4寸，" + }, + { + "question_num": 228, + "query": "急性肾小球肾炎血清补体,一过性明显下降,恢复正常的时间是", + "options": { + "A": "2~3周", + "B": "4~5周", + "C": "6~8周", + "D": "9~11周", + "E": "12~15周" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 229, + "query": "白花蛇的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "袪风,解表,止痛", + "B": "祛风,通络,利尿", + "C": "祛风,活络,定惊", + "D": "祛风湿,强筋骨", + "E": "祛风湿,治骨鲠" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "白花蛇祛风,活络,定惊," + }, + { + "question_num": 230, + "query": "原发性再障的病因是", + "options": { + "A": "化学物质", + "B": "医用药物", + "C": "放射线", + "D": "病毒感染", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "再生障碍性贫血分为先天性(遗传性)和后天性(获得性),获得性再生碍性贫血根据有无明确诱因分为原发性和继发性，原发性再生障碍性贫血即无明确诱因者。" + }, + { + "question_num": 231, + "query": "治疗疳积,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "印堂", + "B": "二白", + "C": "太阳", + "D": "四缝", + "E": "八风" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "四缝穴主治小儿疳积、百日咳。" + }, + { + "question_num": 232, + "query": "麻疹的好发年龄是", + "options": { + "A": "6个月以内", + "B": "6个月至5岁", + "C": "6~7岁", + "D": "8~9岁", + "E": "10~12岁" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "麻疹多流行于冬春季节,传染性很强。好发于6个月至5岁儿童。" + }, + { + "question_num": 233, + "query": "五加皮具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "通便", + "B": "利尿", + "C": "凉血", + "D": "安胎", + "E": "和胃" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "五加皮祛风湿、补肝肾、强筋骨、利水。" + }, + { + "question_num": 234, + "query": "有助于再障与急性白血病鉴别的是", + "options": { + "A": "感染发热", + "B": "皮肤黏膜出血", + "C": "贫血苍白", + "D": "胸骨压痛", + "E": "网织红细胞减少" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "再生障碍性贫血临床上常表现为较严重的贫血、出血和感染。红细胞、白细胞及血小板值均减少。急性白血病主要表现为发热、感染、出血、贫血等,体检有淋巴结、肝脾大及胸骨压痛,骨髓活检原始细胞>30%。胸骨压痛为急性白血病较特异的体征。" + }, + { + "question_num": 235, + "query": "雀啄灸属于", + "options": { + "A": "天灸", + "B": "艾炷灸", + "C": "温针灸", + "D": "温灸器灸", + "E": "艾条灸" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "雀琢灸是指施灸时,艾条点燃的一端与施灸部位的皮肤并不固定在一定的距离,而是像鸟雀啄食一样,一上一下施灸。" + }, + { + "question_num": 236, + "query": "麻疹的特殊体征是", + "options": { + "A": "高热", + "B": "咳嗽", + "C": "眼泪汪汪", + "D": "喷唯流涕", + "E": "麻疹黏膜斑" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "麻疹是感受麻疹时邪引起的一种以发热,咳嗽咽痛,鼻塞流涕,眼泪汪汪,畏光,口腔两颊近白齿处可见麻疹黏膜斑为特征的疾病。" + }, + { + "question_num": 237, + "query": "肉豆蔻与白豆蔻均具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "涩肠止泻,下气平喘", + "B": "温中散寒,行气消胀", + "C": "温中行气,燥湿止带", + "D": "收敛固涩,制酸止痛", + "E": "涩肠止泻,敛肺止咳" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肉豆蔻涩肠止泻,温中行气;白豆蔻化湿行气,温中止呕。二者均具有的功效是温中散寒,行气消胀，" + }, + { + "question_num": 238, + "query": "血小板减少可出现的临床表现是", + "options": { + "A": "进行性贫血", + "B": "皮肤、鼻腔等处发生坏死性溃疡", + "C": "皮肤、黏膜出血", + "D": "频繁性呕吐", + "E": "胸骨压痛" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 239, + "query": "太乙针灸属于", + "options": { + "A": "艾条灸", + "B": "艾炷灸", + "C": "温针灸", + "D": "温灸器灸", + "E": "药物灸" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "太乙针灸属于艾条灸:" + }, + { + "question_num": 240, + "query": "治疗风疹邪郁肺卫证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "桑菊饮", + "B": "银翘散", + "C": "透疹凉解汤", + "D": "清胃解毒汤", + "E": "普济消毒饮" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 241, + "query": "滑石具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "清热除痹", + "B": "清肝明目", + "C": "清肺化痰", + "D": "清热凉血", + "E": "清解暑热" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "滑石的功效:利水通淋、清热解暑、祛湿敛疮。" + }, + { + "question_num": 242, + "query": "下列除哪项外,均为甲状腺功能亢进症的表现", + "options": { + "A": "甲状腺肿大", + "B": "情绪激动", + "C": "周围血管体征", + "D": "肝大", + "E": "心动过缓" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)时机体基础代谢率增高，心率加快,故选E。" + }, + { + "question_num": 243, + "query": "中风左侧肢体瘫痪的患者应取", + "options": { + "A": "左侧顶颞前斜线和顶颞后斜线", + "B": "右侧顶颞前斜线和顶颞后斜线", + "C": "右侧顶颞后斜线", + "D": "左侧顶颞后斜线", + "E": "左侧额后线" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 244, + "query": "夏季热上盛下虚证的病机是", + "options": { + "A": "脾胃亏虚", + "B": "脾阳不振", + "C": "胃热炽盛", + "D": "心火内盛", + "E": "脾肾阳虚" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 245, + "query": "具有利水通淋功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "川芎", + "B": "丹参", + "C": "郁金", + "D": "桃仁", + "E": "牛膝" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "牛膝活血通经,补肝肾,强筋骨,利水通淋,引火下行。" + }, + { + "question_num": 246, + "query": "甲亢患者,给予甲巯咪唑20mg,一日3次，在家中治疗。半个月后应到医院复查", + "options": { + "A": "心率、心律", + "B": "心电图", + "C": "甲状腺大小", + "D": "白细胞计数", + "E": "突眼程度" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "甲巯咪唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的重要不良反应为粒细胞减少，往往发生突然且为致命性。" + }, + { + "question_num": 247, + "query": "与公孙穴相通的奇经是", + "options": { + "A": "冲脉", + "B": "带脉", + "C": "阴维脉", + "D": "阴跷脉", + "E": "任脉" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "八脉交会穴歌云“公孙冲脉胃心胸”,故选A。" + }, + { + "question_num": 248, + "query": "患儿,1岁。发热1天，全身见散在细小淡红色皮疹,喷,流涕,偶有咳嗽,精神不振,胃纳欠佳,耳后界核肿大,咽红,舌苔薄白,其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "麻疹", + "B": "奶麻", + "C": "风疹", + "D": "丹痧", + "E": "水疸" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "风疹与麻疹、奶麻(幼儿急疹)、丹痧的监别要点是耳后、枕部核肿大有压痛,其次是发热当天到1天出疹。" + }, + { + "question_num": 249, + "query": "肉桂具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "温通经脉", + "B": "回阳救逆", + "C": "温肺化饮", + "D": "疏肝下气", + "E": "温中降逆" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "肉桂的功效:补火助阳,散寒止痛,温通经脉,引火归原。" + }, + { + "question_num": 250, + "query": "1型糖尿病的临床表现是", + "options": { + "A": "有明显的“三多一少”症状", + "B": "中老年多见", + "C": "肥胖者多见", + "D": "起病缓,症状轻", + "E": "对胰岛素较不敏感" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "1型糖尿病有明显的“三多一少”症状(多饮多尿多渴,体重减少),青少年多见,与肥胖无明显关系,婴幼儿常起病急，成年起病者可缓慢进展，在感染或应激时出现酮症及严重高血糖。治疗主要依靠胰岛素,对降糖药不敏感。" + }, + { + "question_num": 251, + "query": "采用背俞穴治疗皮肤痒疹，应首选", + "options": { + "A": "肝俞", + "B": "肺俞", + "C": "脾俞", + "D": "三焦俞", + "E": "心俞" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肺主皮毛,所以皮肤痒疹应属于肺经的病证，应该选用肺俞穴治疗。" + }, + { + "question_num": 252, + "query": "患儿,2岁。咳嗽2周,日轻夜重,咳后伴有深吸气样鸡鸣声,吐出痰涎后食物后暂时缓解，不久又复发作，昼夜达十余次，舌质红舌苔黄,脉滑数。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "桑白皮汤合葶苈大枣泻肺汤", + "B": "苏子降气汤合黛蛤散", + "C": "麻杏石甘汤合葶苈丸", + "D": "麻黄汤合葶苈大枣泻肺", + "E": "泻白散合黛蛤散" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "小儿咳后有深吸气样鸡鸣声,为百日咳的临床特点。方用桑白皮汤合葶苈大枣泻肺汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 253, + "query": "治疗气血虚寒,痈肿脓成不溃,或溃后久不收口,肾阳不足,畏寒肢冷,阳痿,尿频,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "吴茱萸", + "B": "小茴香", + "C": "干姜", + "D": "肉桂", + "E": "丁香" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "肉桂能够补火助阳,加人补气药中能够鼓舞正气生长。" + }, + { + "question_num": 254, + "query": "糖尿病最常见最严重的急性并发症是", + "options": { + "A": "心血管病变", + "B": "非特异性感染", + "C": "肺结核", + "D": "酮症酸中毒", + "E": "低血糖昏迷" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 255, + "query": "下列腧穴在五行配属中，属火的是", + "options": { + "A": "少府", + "B": "大陵", + "C": "后溪", + "D": "曲泉", + "E": "经渠" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "阴经的井荥输经合属木火土金水,阳经的井荥输经合属金水木火士。A项少府是心经的荣穴，属火;B项大陵是心包经的输穴,属土。" + }, + { + "question_num": 256, + "query": "患者,男,27岁。左眉上出现一坚硬肿块,约1cm×1cm,中有一粟粒样脓头，坚硬根深,如钉丁之状,疼痛剧烈，左上眼睑肿胀明显,不能睁眼,伴发热头痛,其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "痈", + "B": "发", + "C": "疖", + "D": "疔疮", + "E": "有头疽" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "疔疮特征是疮形如菜,坚硬根深,状如钉丁。" + }, + { + "question_num": 257, + "query": "具有理气、调中、燥湿、化痰功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "陈皮", + "B": "青皮", + "C": "枳实", + "D": "木香", + "E": "香附" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "陈皮理气健脾,燥湿化痰," + }, + { + "question_num": 258, + "query": "伤寒菌血液培养，阳性率最高的时间是", + "options": { + "A": "第1周", + "B": "第2周", + "C": "第3周", + "D": "第4周", + "E": "第5周" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "伤寒血培养第1周阳性率最高,可达80%。" + }, + { + "question_num": 259, + "query": "在五输穴中,输穴主治", + "options": { + "A": "身热", + "B": "心下满", + "C": "体重节痛", + "D": "喘咳寒热", + "E": "逆气而泄" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "五输穴中,井主心下满,荣主身热,输主体重节病,经主喘咳寒热，合主逆气而泄。" + }, + { + "question_num": 260, + "query": "患者,女,43岁。左手中指末节红肿10天,疼痛剧烈,呈跳痛,患指下垂时更为明显，局部不可碰触。透光验脓法提示有脓。切开排脓时应选择", + "options": { + "A": "沿甲旁挑开引流", + "B": "在手指侧面做横形切口,以利引流", + "C": "在手指背面做一切口,并拔除指甲", + "D": "在指学侧面做一纵形切口,必要时可贯穿指端到对侧", + "E": "在手指掌侧面做一纵形切口,并延伸到下一关节，以利引流" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "手指末节脓肿宜在指掌面一侧做纵形切口，务必引流通畅,必要时可对口引流,不可在指掌面正中切开。" + }, + { + "question_num": 261, + "query": "具有行气止痛,温肾纳气功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "香附", + "B": "青皮", + "C": "沉香", + "D": "木香", + "E": "佛手" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "香附疏肝解郁，调经止痛:理气调中。青皮疏肝破气,消积化滞。沉香行气止痛,温中止呕,纳气平喘。木香行气止痛健脾消食。佛手疏肝解郁,理气和中，燥湿化痰。" + }, + { + "question_num": 262, + "query": "发生霍乱时，对疫区接触者的检疫期是", + "options": { + "A": "3天", + "B": "5天", + "C": "7天", + "D": "9天", + "E": "12天" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "患者和带菌者是霍乱的主要传染源,患者在发病期间,可连续排菌，时间一般为5日。对接触者应严密检疫5日，留类培养并服药预防，" + }, + { + "question_num": 263, + "query": "按照五行生克关系，治疗胆经实证应首选", + "options": { + "A": "足临泣", + "B": "足窍阴", + "C": "丘墟", + "D": "侠溪", + "E": "阳辅" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "“实则泻其子”,胆经属于“木”,“木”生“火”“火”为“木”之子,胆经实证,则应泻“火”,所以应选用胆经上属火的穴位阳辅。" + }, + { + "question_num": 264, + "query": "患者,男,48岁。背部生疮,初起肿块上有一粟粒样脓头，抓破后局部肿痛加剧,色红灼热,脓头相继增多,没后如蜂窝状,伴有寒热头痛,纳呆,便秘,溲赤,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦数,其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "疔", + "B": "疱", + "C": "有头疽", + "D": "发", + "E": "痈" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "有头疽初期患处起一肿块，上有粟粒样脓头，肿块渐向四周扩大，脓头增多,色红灼热,高肿疼痛。伴发热恶寒、头痛纳差。溃脓期肿块进一步增大，疮面渐渐腐烂，形似蜂窝,伴壮热、口渴、便秘、溲赤等。收口期脓腐渐尽,新肉开始生长，逐渐愈合。" + }, + { + "question_num": 265, + "query": "具有行气消积功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "使君子", + "B": "苦楝皮", + "C": "槟榔", + "D": "贯众", + "E": "雷丸" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "槟榔杀虫消积,行气,利水,截疟。" + }, + { + "question_num": 266, + "query": "某患者由印尼人境后2天,频繁腹泻,无腹痛及里急后重,伴有呕吐。最重要的检查是", + "options": { + "A": "血常规", + "B": "尿常规", + "C": "电解质", + "D": "泻吐物悬滴检查", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "故应用泻吐物悬滴检查,确定是台力祖乱呱" + }, + { + "question_num": 267, + "query": "太阳经头痛一般表现在", + "options": { + "A": "顶部", + "B": "颞部", + "C": "顶颞部", + "D": "前额部", + "E": "后枕部" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "太阳经头痛的表现在于后枕部。" + }, + { + "question_num": 268, + "query": "患者,男,50岁。右颜面部红肿疼痛伴灼手,边界清楚,触痛明显。大便2日未行。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "草薜渗湿汤加减", + "B": "五味消毒饮加减", + "C": "普济消毒饮加减", + "D": "黄连解毒汤加减", + "E": "犀角地黄汤加减" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "该患者诊断为丹毒风热毒蕴证。方药:普济消毒饮加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 269, + "query": "小蓟具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "解毒消痈", + "B": "收湿敛疮", + "C": "消肿排脓", + "D": "化腐生肌", + "E": "燥湿止痒" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "小蓟的功效:凉血止血,散瘀解毒消痈" + }, + { + "question_num": 270, + "query": "有关医院感染的概念,错误的是", + "options": { + "A": "在医院内获得的感染", + "B": "出院之后的感染有可能是医院感染", + "C": "入院时处于潜伏期的感染一定不是医院感染", + "D": "与上次住院有关的感染是医院感染", + "E": "婴幼儿经胎盘获得的感染是医院感染" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "下列情况属于医院感染:①对于无明显潜伏期的感染,规定在48小时后发生的感染为医院感染,有明确潜伏期者则以住院时起超过该平均(或常见)潜伏期的感染为医院感染;②本次感染直接与上次住院有关;③在原有感染基础上出现其他部位新的感染(除外脓毒血症迁徙灶)，或在原感染已知病原体基础上又分离出新的病原体(排除污染和原来的混合感染)的感染;④新生儿经产道时获得的感染;⑤由于诊疗措施激活的潜在性感染,如疱疹病毒、结核杆菌等的感染。可见,婴幼儿经胎盘获得的感染不属于医院感染，故选E。" + }, + { + "question_num": 271, + "query": "治疗行痹,在取主穴的基础上，应加", + "options": { + "A": "膈腧、血海", + "B": "肾俞、关元", + "C": "阴陵泉、足三里", + "D": "大椎、曲池", + "E": "合谷、内关" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "行痹在取主穴的基础上加膈俞、血海,行痹属风邪偏盛,取血海、膈俞以活血。" + }, + { + "question_num": 272, + "query": "患者,女,26岁。3天前突然发生面、颈部红肿与水疱，自觉痒痛,伴恶寒,发热，头痛,舌苔黄,脉滑数。怀疑接触过敏引起，治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "桑菊饮", + "B": "银翘散", + "C": "普济消毒饮", + "D": "龙胆泻肝汤", + "E": "黄连解毒汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "此证为接触性皮炎之湿热毒蕴证,起病急骤，皮损面积较广泛，其色鲜红灼热痒,伴发热，口渴,舌苔黄,脉滑数。治法:清热祛湿，凉血解毒。方药:龙胆泻肝汤合化斑解毒汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 273, + "query": "下列药物中,不具有行气,止痛功效的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "川芎", + "B": "郁金", + "C": "丹参", + "D": "三棱", + "E": "姜黄" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "丹参活血调经,祛瘀止痛凉血消痈,除烦安神" + }, + { + "question_num": 274, + "query": "《医疗机构管理条例》《医疗机构管理条例实施细则》《麻醉药品管理法》《医疗事故处理条例》等规范性文件，在我国卫生法律体系中,属于", + "options": { + "A": "卫生行政法规", + "B": "卫生专门法律", + "C": "卫生法律", + "D": "基本法律", + "E": "卫生技术法规" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "我国的卫生行政法规:医疗机构管理条例、血波制品管理条例、医疗事故处理条例、医疗废物管理条件、医疗废物管理等，" + }, + { + "question_num": 275, + "query": "面瘫的恢复,应加用", + "options": { + "A": "膏肓俞", + "B": "命门", + "C": "气海", + "D": "关元", + "E": "足三里" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "面瘫的恢复期多数患者均存在身体成弱，故心配足" + }, + { + "question_num": 276, + "query": "患者,男,48岁。两乳内发现疼痛性肿物1周。检查:肿物大小约3cm×3cm×1cm,质地中等,有压痛,位于乳晕中央,界限清楚,可移动。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "乳癖", + "B": "乳痨", + "C": "乳疬", + "D": "乳岩", + "E": "乳腺增生病" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "乳疬是以男性、儿童单侧或双侧乳晕部发生扁圆形肿块,触之疼痛为主要表现的乳房异常发育症。" + }, + { + "question_num": 277, + "query": "长于治疗寒痰咳喘,胸满胁痛的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "白芥子", + "B": "紫苏子", + "C": "杏仁", + "D": "孝苈子", + "E": "桔梗" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "白芥子辛散利气豁痰,性温而化寒痰。可用于寒痰喘咳,痰滞经络，肩背肢体疼痛麻痹之痹证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 278, + "query": "下列各项,属于行政处罚的是", + "options": { + "A": "罚款", + "B": "降级", + "C": "赔偿损失", + "D": "撤职", + "E": "赔礼道歉" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "行政处罚的形式:警告、罚款、没收违法所得、没收非法财物、责令停产停今8" + }, + { + "question_num": 279, + "query": "治疗便秘气滞证,除选取主穴外,应加用的腧穴是", + "options": { + "A": "脾俞、胃俞", + "B": "气海、神阙", + "C": "关元、命门", + "D": "合谷、曲池", + "E": "中脘、行间" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "便秘的气带证患者应选用理气行滞的行间,便秘属于腑病，应选用其八会穴中脘。" + }, + { + "question_num": 280, + "query": "张某,女,52岁。左乳癌晚期,破溃外翻如菜花,疮口渗流血水,面色苍白，动则气短。身体瘦弱，不思饮食，舌淡红，脉沉细无力,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "疏肝解郁", + "B": "扶正解毒", + "C": "调理冲任", + "D": "化痰散结", + "E": "调补气血" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "本病属于乳岩的晚期,肿块溃疡,气血亏虚,当前急需要补益气血,才能抵抗邪气。" + }, + { + "question_num": 281, + "query": "下列剂型中没有固定剂型的是", + "options": { + "A": "酒剂", + "B": "锭剂", + "C": "茶剂", + "D": "丹剂", + "E": "散剂" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "丹剂有外用和内服两种,丹剂无固定剂型，如属水丸剂的有梅花点舌丹:属糊丸剂的有人丹、小金丹，属蜡丸剂的有黍米寸金丹等，其余剂型有固定剂型，故选D" + }, + { + "question_num": 282, + "query": "属于丙类传染病的病种是", + "options": { + "A": "艾滋病", + "B": "肺结核", + "C": "传染性非典型肺炎", + "D": "人感染高致病性禽流感", + "E": "流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定管理的传染病分甲类、乙类、丙类三类。丙类传染病包括流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、风疹、急性出血性结膜炎、麻风病、流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒、黑热病、包虫病、丝虫病除霍乱、细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒以外的感染性腹泻病" + }, + { + "question_num": 283, + "query": "治疗咳嗽肝火犯肺证,应首选", + "options": { + "A": "肝俞、鱼际、侠溪、阴陵泉", + "B": "肺俞、尺泽、阳陵泉、太冲", + "C": "中府、丰隆、肺俞、太渊", + "D": "列缺、合谷、中府、章门", + "E": "肝俞、肺俞、太渊、章门" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "咳嗽应选用肺俞穴,肝火犯肺则应选用降火之尺泽、阳陵泉、太冲等穴位，" + }, + { + "question_num": 284, + "query": "患者,女,20岁。结喉两侧弥漫性肿大,边界不清,皮色如常,无疼痛,诊为气瘿", + "options": { + "A": "海藻玉壶汤", + "B": "四海舒郁丸", + "C": "柴胡清肝汤", + "D": "逍遥散", + "E": "十全流气饮" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 285, + "query": "再造散的组成药物中含有", + "options": { + "A": "川芎", + "B": "当归", + "C": "丹参", + "D": "桃仁", + "E": "红花" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "再造散的组成:黄芪、人参、桂枝、甘草、熟附子、细辛、羌活、防风、川芎、煨生姜。" + }, + { + "question_num": 286, + "query": "《医疗废物管理条例》中所称医疗废物,是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健及其他相关活动中产生的", + "options": { + "A": "麻醉、精神性药品的废弃物", + "B": "放射性、医疗用毒性药品的废弃物", + "C": "具有直接或间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物", + "D": "医院制剂配制中产生的中药材废渣", + "E": "普通医疗生活用品废弃物" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "医疗废物是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物。" + }, + { + "question_num": 287, + "query": "患者严寒重，发热轻头痛;肢体疼痛,鼻塞声重,时流清涕,喉痒,舌苔薄白而润,脉浮,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "散寒解肌", + "B": "辛温解表", + "C": "调和营卫", + "D": "散寒止痛", + "E": "发汗解肌" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "患者表现属风寒束表,治宜辛温解表。" + }, + { + "question_num": 288, + "query": "患者,男,40岁。结喉两侧各有1个3cm×2cm×1cm,表面光滑，质地韧，无压痛随吞咽上下活动的肿物。为明确诊断，应首选的检查方法是", + "options": { + "A": "胸颈部X线", + "B": "血常规", + "C": "血气分析", + "D": "T3、T4", + "E": "131^I扫描" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "在结喉正中一侧或双侧有单个肿块,呈圆形或椭圆形,表面光滑,质韧有弹性,可随吞咽而上下移动,生长缓慢,一般无任何不适，据此可以判断为肉瘿。辅助检查:甲状腺同位素扫描显示肉瘿多为温结节,爽肿多为凉结节,伴甲亢者多为热结节。B型超声为实质性肿块或混合性肿块。" + }, + { + "question_num": 289, + "query": "不属于麻子仁丸组成药物的是", + "options": { + "A": "芍药", + "B": "杏仁", + "C": "大黄", + "D": "厚朴", + "E": "甘草" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "麻子仁丸的组成:麻子仁、芍药、枳实、大黄、厚朴、杏仁" + }, + { + "question_num": 290, + "query": "医疗机构发生重大医疗事故,主管部门接到报告后应依据《医疗事故处理条例》立即", + "options": { + "A": "逐级报告", + "B": "组织人员对事故进行调查处理", + "C": "责令当事人书面检查", + "D": "赔偿损失", + "E": "提起诉讼" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "《医疗事故处理条例》中规定医疗机构发生重大医疗事故，主管部门接到报告后组织人员对事故进行调查处理。" + }, + { + "question_num": 291, + "query": "患者恶寒较甚,发热,无汗,身楚倦怠,咳嗽,咳痰无力,舌淡苔薄白,脉浮无力。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "杏苏散", + "B": "参苏饮", + "C": "荆防败毒散", + "D": "葛根汤", + "E": "桂枝汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "患者恶寒较甚,身楚倦息咳嗽,咳痰无力，为气虚表现,应用参苏饮益气解表,故选B。" + }, + { + "question_num": 292, + "query": "患者,女,48岁。颈前肿物,生长迅速质地较硬,轻度疼痛,表面不平,推之不动,声首嘶衄，难谷必可双抽亚少为冷结节。应首选的治疗措施是", + "options": { + "A": "中药外敷", + "B": "中药内服", + "C": "中药内服、外敷", + "D": "内服、外敷、熏洗", + "E": "手术治疗" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "石瘿一经确诊,宜早期施行根治性切除术。" + }, + { + "question_num": 293, + "query": "小柴胡汤的组成药物中不含有的是", + "options": { + "A": "柴胡", + "B": "黄芩", + "C": "千姜", + "D": "人参", + "E": "大枣" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "小柴胡汤组成:柴胡、黄芩、半夏、生姜、人参、炙甘草、大枣" + }, + { + "question_num": 294, + "query": "李某,自费学医后自行开业,因违反诊疗护理常规致使患者死亡，追究其刑事责任的机关是", + "options": { + "A": "卫生行政部门", + "B": "工商行政部门", + "C": "医疗事故鉴定委员会", + "D": "管辖地人民政府", + "E": "管辖地人民法院" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "非法行医,造成患者人身损害,不属于医疗事故,触犯刑律的,依法追究刑争负化;有大始文予八八且按可人民达觉提起诉讼。" + }, + { + "question_num": 295, + "query": "患者,男,54岁。咳嗽气粗,痰多痰黄面赤身热，口干欲饮,舌红苔黄,脉滑数,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "痰热郁肺", + "B": "肺阴亏耗", + "C": "风燥伤肺", + "D": "风热犯肺", + "E": "风寒袭肺" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 296, + "query": "患儿,女,6岁。左侧颈旁肿痛结块3天,皮色未变,肿核形如鸽卵大,活动度不大。外治应首选", + "options": { + "A": "冲和膏", + "B": "金黄膏", + "C": "青黛膏", + "D": "红油膏", + "E": "白玉膏" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 297, + "query": "逍遥散与一贯煎相同的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "和营", + "B": "益气", + "C": "滋阴", + "D": "疏肝", + "E": "补脾" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "逍遥散疏肝解郁,健脾和营。一贯煎滋阴疏肝。" + }, + { + "question_num": 298, + "query": "发展中医药事业应当依法遵循的原则是", + "options": { + "A": "继承与创新相结合", + "B": "中西医结合", + "C": "以人为本", + "D": "中医与中药相结合共同发展", + "E": "中医药理论与中医药实践相结合" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 299, + "query": "患者,男，42岁，喉中竖鸣有声,胸闷如空,口不渴,形寒怕冷,面色晦暗舌苔白滑,脉弦紧。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "二陈汤", + "B": "麻黄汤", + "C": "定喘汤", + "D": "射干麻黄汤", + "E": "平喘固本汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "喉中哮鸣有声是哮病发作期,见“形寒怕冷，面色晦暗,舌苔白滑,脉弦紧”为冷哮证,宣肺散寒,化痰平喘,用“射干麻黄汤”,故选D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 300, + "query": "患者,男,45岁。左上臂内侧有一肿块,呈半球形,暗红色,质地柔软,状如海绵,压之可缩小。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "气瘤", + "B": "筋瘤", + "C": "脂瘤", + "D": "血瘤", + "E": "肉瘤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "血瘤可发生于身体任何部位,但以四肢、躯干、面颈部多见。瘤体外观呈暗红色或紫蓝色，亦可为正常皮色，小如豆粒，大如拳头，质地柔软,状如海绵,压之可缩小，肢体活动时胀大。" + }, + { + "question_num": 301, + "query": "清营汤的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "泻火养阴,凉血散瘀", + "B": "益气养阴,宁心安神", + "C": "清热凉血,养阴生津", + "D": "清营透热,养阴活血", + "E": "泻火解毒,凉血止血" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "清营汤清营透热，养阴活血。" + }, + { + "question_num": 302, + "query": "医德规范是指导医务人员进行医疗活动的", + "options": { + "A": "思想准则", + "B": "行为准则", + "C": "技术规程", + "D": "技术标准", + "E": "思想和行为准则" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "医德规范是指导医务人员进行医疗活动的思想和行为准则。" + }, + { + "question_num": 303, + "query": "患者喘促日久,动则喘甚,呼多吸少,气不得续,汗出肢冷,肿,面青唇紫,舌淡苔白，脉沉弱。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "平喘固本汤合补肺汤", + "B": "金匮肾气丸合参蛤散", + "C": "参附汤合黑锡丹", + "D": "生脉散合补肺汤", + "E": "生脉地黄汤合金水六君煎" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "该患者为喘证肾虚不纳证,代表方:金医肾气丸合参蛤散加减、" + }, + { + "question_num": 304, + "query": "患者,男,60岁。腰胁部出现红色成簇丘疹、水疱3天,疼痛剧烈,舌红苔薄,脉弦数。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "瘾疹", + "B": "热疮", + "C": "丹毒", + "D": "药毒", + "E": "蛇串疮" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "蛇串疮是一种皮肤上出现成簇水疱,多旱带状分布,痛如火燎的急性疱疹性皮肤病。相当于西医的带状疱疹,其特点为皮肤上出现红斑、水疱或丘疱疹，累累如申珠,排列成带状,沿一侧周围神经分布区出现局部刺痛或伴界核肿大。" + }, + { + "question_num": 305, + "query": "组成药物中含有连翘的方剂是", + "options": { + "A": "温胆汤", + "B": "凉膈散", + "C": "清骨散", + "D": "温脾汤", + "E": "清胃散" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "凉膈散的组成:川大黄、朴硝、炙甘草、山栀子仁、薄荷叶、黄芩、连翘、竹叶、蜜。" + }, + { + "question_num": 306, + "query": "体温在39°C以上,一日内波动范围超过2°C者,多见于", + "options": { + "A": "风湿热", + "B": "伤寒", + "C": "疟疾", + "D": "大叶性肺炎", + "E": "中暑" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "A项属于弛张热,又称败血症热型。体温常在39℃以上，波动幅度大，小时内体温波动范围超过2℃,常见于败血症风湿热、重型肺结核及化脓性炎症。" + }, + { + "question_num": 307, + "query": "患者,男,62岁。咳喘病史20年。近1个月来咳逆喘促,时有神志恍惚,谵妄,烦躁不安,或有嗜睡,下肢水肿,舌淡胖,苔白腻,脉沉细。诊断为肺胀,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "肺肾气虚", + "B": "阳虚水泛", + "C": "痰浊壅肺", + "D": "痰热郁肺", + "E": "痰蒙神窍" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "本患者有神志恍惚,谵妄:烦躁不安,或有嗜睡的表现,为神志异常,属于痰蒙神窍。" + }, + { + "question_num": 308, + "query": "患者,女,36岁。两大腿内侧患有钱币形红斑2枚,自觉癌痒,边界清楚,中央有向愈趋向,多在夏季加重,其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "紫白癜风", + "B": "圆癣", + "C": "多形性红斑", + "D": "牛皮癣", + "E": "肥疮" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "圆癣,相当于西医学的体癣。皮损呈圆形，或多环形,类似钱币状,为边界清楚、中心消退、外周扩张的斑块。四周可有针头大小的红色丘疹及水疱、鳞屑、结痂等。" + }, + { + "question_num": 309, + "query": "具有解表通便功用的方剂是", + "options": { + "A": "麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤", + "B": "葛根黄芩黄连汤", + "C": "防风通圣散", + "D": "大柴胡汤", + "E": "凉膈散" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "防风通圣散解表通便,故选C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 310, + "query": "下列哪种病变引起的胸痛常沿一侧肋间神经分布", + "options": { + "A": "胸肌劳损", + "B": "流行性胸痛", + "C": "颈椎病", + "D": "带状疱疹", + "E": "皮下蜂窝组织炎" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "带状疱疹可见沿神经分布的疱疹,疼痛呈刀割样、灼伤样,剧烈难忍,持续时间长" + }, + { + "question_num": 311, + "query": "患者,女,57岁。有15年肺胀病史。1周前,劳累后出现面部水肿,呼吸喘促难续，心悸,胸脘痞闷,尿少,怕冷,纳呆,舌苔白滑,脉沉细。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "济生肾气丸", + "B": "真武汤", + "C": "实脾饮", + "D": "参附汤", + "E": "金匮肾气丸" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "患者病程较长,劳累后出现面部水肿,呼吸喘促难续,心悸,胸脘痞闷，尿少,怕冷，此为阳虚水泛证,应用真武汤温肾健脾" + }, + { + "question_num": 312, + "query": "患者,男,38岁。两手出现皮下小水疱,疱壁破裂,香起白皮,中心已愈,四周续起疱疹。诊断为鹅学风,外治应首选", + "options": { + "A": "雄黄膏", + "B": "皮脂膏", + "C": "疯油膏", + "D": "青黛膏", + "E": "复方土槿皮酊" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "鹅掌风相当于西医学的体癣。男女老幼均可染病，以成年人多见，多数单侧发病，也可染及双手，以掌心或指缝水疱或掌部皮肤角化脱屑、水疱为皮损特点，本型可选用1号癣药水、2号癣药水或复方上皮酊外搽。" + }, + { + "question_num": 313, + "query": "大建中汤的组成药物是", + "options": { + "A": "生附子、干姜、肉桂、炙甘草", + "B": "蜀椒、人参、干姜、胶饴", + "C": "蜀椒、人参、干姜、炙甘草", + "D": "蜀椒、生附子、肉桂、胶饴", + "E": "干姜、人参、桂枝、胶饴" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "大建中汤组成:蜀椒、人参干姜、胶饴。" + }, + { + "question_num": 314, + "query": "心功能不全肺淤血时,在痰中出现的是", + "options": { + "A": "白细胞", + "B": "夏科-雷登结晶体", + "C": "上皮细胞", + "D": "色素细胞", + "E": "杜什曼螺旋体" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "色素细胞出现常见于心力衰竭、肺炎、肺气肿、肺出血等;支气管哮喘者可见杜什曼螺旋体。" + }, + { + "question_num": 315, + "query": "患者,男,60岁。心悸怔忡,健忘失眠:多梦，面色不华，舌质淡，脉细，其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "滋阴养心", + "C": "益气养阴", + "B": "滋补肝肾", + "D": "养血安神", + "E": "清胃泻火" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "该患者为气血���虚证,治宜补益气血,养心安神。" + }, + { + "question_num": 316, + "query": "患者,女,44岁。右足第三及第四趾缝间潮湿,糜烂,覆以白皮,渗液较多,伴有剧烈瘙痒。诊断为糜烂型脚湿气，外治应首选", + "options": { + "A": "1号癣药水", + "B": "复方土槿皮酊", + "C": "青黛膏", + "D": "雄黄膏", + "E": "红油膏" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "脚湿气糜烂型次以皮脂膏或雄黄膏外搽。" + }, + { + "question_num": 317, + "query": "回阳救急汤除回阳救急外，还具有的功效是", + "options": { + "A": "益气养阴", + "B": "养血通脉", + "C": "益气生脉", + "D": "活血止痛", + "E": "养血敛阴" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "本方功用是回阳救急,益气生脉。" + }, + { + "question_num": 318, + "query": "下列哪项是支气管哮喘呼吸困难的类型", + "options": { + "A": "呼气性", + "B": "吸气性", + "C": "混合性", + "D": "阵发性", + "E": "腹式呼吸消失" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "呼气性呼吸困难,病变在小支气管。表现为呼气困难,呼气相对延长，伴哮鸣音。见于支气管哮喘及其他慢性阻塞性肺病。" + }, + { + "question_num": 319, + "query": "患者,男,55岁。胸痛如室,痛引肩背气短喘促,四肢沉重,形体肥胖,舌苔浊腻,脉滑其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "心血瘀阻", + "B": "阴寒凝滞", + "C": "痰浊壅塞", + "D": "阳气虚衰", + "E": "气阴两虚" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "痰浊壅塞的特点是重浊黏滞,故胸痛如室,四肢沉重,形体肥胖,舌苔浊腻,脉滑,俱是痰浊之象。" + }, + { + "question_num": 320, + "query": "患者,男,68岁。因感冒伴发口唇成群小水疱，破溃后呈糜烂与结痂，自觉瘙痒，灼热,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "内服黄连解毒汤", + "B": "内服普济消毒饮", + "C": "内服五味消毒饮", + "D": "外搽青吹口散油膏", + "E": "外搽白玉膏" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "该患者诊断为热疮可用紫金锭或金黄散或青吹口散油膏、黄连膏等。" + }, + { + "question_num": 321, + "query": "下列方剂组成药物中,不含有附子的是", + "options": { + "A": "实脾散", + "B": "真武汤", + "C": "乌梅丸", + "D": "温脾汤", + "E": "阳和汤" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "阳和汤组成:熟地黄、白芥子、鹿角胶、肉桂、姜炭、麻黄、生甘草。" + }, + { + "question_num": 322, + "query": "喷射性呕吐,可见于", + "options": { + "A": "耳源性眩晕", + "B": "胃炎", + "C": "肠梗阻", + "D": "尿毒症", + "E": "脑炎" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "喷射性呕吐常发生在患有肥印英纳N4成交或脑市所强，少宫高而出现喷射性呕吐。" + }, + { + "question_num": 323, + "query": "胸痹患者,女,45岁。胸闷如室而痛气短喘促,肢体沉重,体胖痰多,舌苔浊腻,脉滑,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "饮邪上犯", + "B": "痰浊壅塞", + "C": "山获阳", + "D": "寒凝气滞", + "E": "气虚血瘀" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 324, + "query": "患者,女,21岁。两小腿皮炎,在亚急性阶段,渗液与糜烂很少,红肿减轻,有屑和结痂。外治剂宜选用", + "options": { + "A": "洗剂", + "B": "粉剂", + "C": "溶液湿敷", + "D": "软膏", + "E": "油剂" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 325, + "query": "胶艾汤主治证的病机是", + "options": { + "A": "冲任虚损", + "B": "脾阳不足", + "C": "血热妄行", + "D": "肝火犯肺", + "E": "下焦瘀热" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "胶艾汤主治证的病机是妇人冲任虚损，血虚有寒证，" + }, + { + "question_num": 326, + "query": "下列除哪项外,均可出现周围性呕吐", + "options": { + "A": "洋地黄中毒", + "B": "急性胃炎", + "C": "胃穿孔", + "D": "胆囊炎", + "E": "咽部受激惹" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "洋地黄引起的呕吐为中枢性呕吐。" + }, + { + "question_num": 327, + "query": "患者胃痛隐隐,喜温喜按,空腹痛甚得食痛减,神疲乏力,大便溏薄,舌淡苔白,脉虚弱，其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "散寒止痛", + "B": "温中散寒", + "C": "温中健脾", + "D": "温胃止泻", + "E": "温补脾肾" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "该患者为胃痛脾胃虚寒证治法:温中健脾,和胃止痛。代表方:黄芪建中汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 328, + "query": "患者,女,21岁。因喉炎而服用磺胺药物,继见皮肤红斑���血疱，口腔、阴部黏膜糜烂,伴有口干,便秘,溲赤,舌红苔薄,脉细数。诊断为固定性红斑型药疹，内治应首选", + "options": { + "A": "消风散合黄连解毒汤", + "B": "草薜渗湿汤合黄连解毒汤", + "C": "犀角地黄汤合黄连解毒汤", + "D": "清营汤", + "E": "普济消毒饮" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "湿热毒邪蕴蒸肌肤,故皮肤上出现红斑、水疱,甚则糜烂渗液,剧痒;宜清热利湿解毒。方用草游渗湿汤合黄连解毒汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 329, + "query": "归脾汤除益气补血外,还具有的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "健脾养心", + "B": "补血调血", + "C": "敛阴止汗", + "D": "滋阴复脉", + "E": "益阴降火" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "归脾汤的功用:益气补血,健脾养心。" + }, + { + "question_num": 330, + "query": "正常人呼吸与脉搏之比为", + "options": { + "A": "1:1", + "B": "1:2", + "C": "1:3", + "D": "1:4", + "E": "1:5" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "正常人呼吸运动的频率和节律正常16~18次/分,与脉搏之比约为1:4。节律均匀而整齐。" + }, + { + "question_num": 331, + "query": "患者脘腹痞塞不舒,胸膈满闷,头晕目眩,身重困倦,呕恶纳呆,口淡不渴,舌苔白厚腻,脉沉滑。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "保和丸", + "B": "泻心汤", + "C": "二陈平胃汤", + "D": "越鞠丸", + "E": "补中益气汤" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "患者症状为脾不运化,痰湿内生,壅塞中焦,则生痞满,胸膈满闷,呕恶纳呆,痰湿蒙窍故头晕目眩，身重困倦。用二陈平胃汤除湿化痰，理气宽中，故选C" + }, + { + "question_num": 332, + "query": "患者,女,18岁。因牙龈肿痛,服用消炎止痛片，引发全身丘疹、红斑、风团热作痒,伴恶寒发热,舌苔薄黄,脉浮数。诊断为药疹,治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "桑菊饮", + "B": "银翘散", + "C": "黄连解毒汤", + "D": "消风散", + "E": "清营汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 333, + "query": "左归丸与一贯煎相同的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "滋阴", + "B": "疏肝", + "C": "补脾", + "D": "降火", + "E": "益气" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "左归丸的功用:滋阴补肾填精益髓。一贯煎的功用:滋阴疏肝。" + }, + { + "question_num": 334, + "query": "下列疾病,常使气管移向患侧的是", + "options": { + "A": "胸膜粘连", + "B": "大量胸腔积液", + "C": "胸腔积气", + "D": "肺气肿", + "E": "纵隔肿瘤" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "肺不张、胸膜粘连等可将气管拉向患侧。" + }, + { + "question_num": 335, + "query": "患者,女,29岁。外感后,突发呕吐,恶寒头痛,胸脘满闷,舌苔白腻,脉濡缓。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "左金丸", + "B": "白虎汤", + "C": "小柴胡汤", + "D": "藿香正气散", + "E": "龙胆泻肝汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "外感后突发呕吐,胸脘满闷,舌苔白腻,兼见表证,为外感寒湿。治宜解表祛邪,和胃降逆,用藿香正气散。" + }, + { + "question_num": 336, + "query": "患儿,女,14岁。进食海虾后,全身发出瘙痒性风团,突然发生，并迅速消退，不留痕迹,皮疹色赤,遇热则加剧,得冷则减轻,舌苔薄黄,脉浮数。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "桂枝汤", + "B": "消风散", + "C": "防风通圣散", + "D": "桑菊饮", + "E": "银翘散" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "该患者为瘾疹风热犯表证治法:疏风清热止痒。方药:消风散加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 337, + "query": "右归丸除温补肾阳外,还具有的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "填精益髓", + "B": "补益脾胃", + "C": "理气健脾", + "D": "散寒止痛", + "E": "纳气平喘" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "右归丸的功用:温补肾阳,填精益髓。" + }, + { + "question_num": 338, + "query": "肺气肿患者心浊音界改变的特点是", + "options": { + "A": "向左下扩大", + "B": "向右扩大", + "C": "向左右两侧扩大", + "D": "缩小", + "E": "不变" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "肺气肿心浊音界缩小，" + }, + { + "question_num": 339, + "query": "患者胸膈疼痛,食不得下而复吐,甚至水饮难下，大便坚如羊屎,面色晦滞,形体消瘦,舌红少津,脉细涩,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "滋阴养血,破结行瘀", + "B": "益气养阴,行气化痰", + "C": "养阴润燥,降气消导", + "D": "润燥行瘀,开郁化痰", + "E": "滋阴养血,散结化痰" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "该患者诊断为噎膈瘀血内结证,治法:滋阴养血，破血行瘀。代表方:通幽汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 340, + "query": "患者,女,26岁。经常于发热咽痛后出现双小腿胫前对称性红肿结节,轻微疼痛，并伴关节痛，口渴,尿黄,舌红苔薄黄而腻,脉滑数,其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "热疮", + "B": "药毒", + "C": "猫眼疮", + "D": "红斑性狼疮", + "E": "结节性红斑" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "结节性红斑常见于小腿伸侧,临床表现为红色或紫红色疼痛性炎性结节,青年女性多见,病程有局限性,易于复发。该患者症状符合结节性红斑。" + }, + { + "question_num": 341, + "query": "朱砂安神丸中泻火除烦的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "栀子", + "B": "黄连", + "C": "石膏", + "D": "竹叶", + "E": "知母" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "方中黄连苦寒,人心经,清心泻火,以除烦热。" + }, + { + "question_num": 342, + "query": "患儿,3岁。自汗明显,伴盗汗,汗出以头部、肩背明显,动则益甚。面色少华,少气乏力,平时容易感冒,舌淡苔少,脉细弱,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "表虚不固", + "B": "营卫不和", + "C": "气阴虚弱", + "D": "心脾两虚", + "E": "肝肾阴虚" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "题于中强调自汗明显，自汗多见于气虚或阳虚证,常伴有气短乏力，神疲畏寒,舌淡脉弱等症。伴见盗汗提示存在阴虚内热或气阴两虚证，面色少华,少气乏力，平时容易感冒，舌淡苔少，脉细弱等症提示气阴两虚。" + }, + { + "question_num": 343, + "query": "患者腹痛肠鸣,泻下粪便臭如败卵,但泻而不爽,脘腹胀满,舌苔白厚而腐,脉滑。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "保和丸", + "B": "藿香正气散", + "C": "葛根芩连汤", + "D": "参苓白术散", + "E": "龙胆泻肝汤" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "此为食滞肠胃泄泻的特点。宿食内停,阻滞肠胃,故腹痛肠鸣。浊腐下注故泻下粪便臭如败卵，但泻而不爽，治宜消食导滞,和中止泻,用保和丸。" + }, + { + "question_num": 344, + "query": "患者,女,46岁。半年来头皮、四肢出现皮损,色鲜红,瘙痒,鳞屑增多,有筛状出血点,喜凉怕热,便干、尿黄,舌红苔黄,脉滑数，其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "血虚肝旺", + "B": "火毒炽盛", + "C": "湿热蕴积", + "D": "血热", + "E": "风热" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "该病为营血亏损，化燥生风,肌肤失养所致。舌红,苔黄或腻、脉弦滑或数为血热之象。" + }, + { + "question_num": 345, + "query": "至宝丹的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "开窍定惊,清热化痰", + "B": "清热解毒,开窍醒神", + "C": "清热解毒,开窍安神", + "D": "化浊开窍,清热解毒", + "E": "清热开窍,息风止痉" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "至宝丹的功用:化浊开窍清热解毒。" + }, + { + "question_num": 346, + "query": "患者恶寒发热,头身疼痛,无汗,鼻塞流涕，脉浮紧，其舌苔应是", + "options": { + "A": "白厚", + "B": "薄白", + "C": "黄腻", + "D": "花剥", + "E": "白腻" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "该患者为外感风寒表证,舌苔应为薄白苔。" + }, + { + "question_num": 347, + "query": "患者泄泻腹痛,泻下急迫,粪色黄褐而臭,肛门灼热,烦热口渴,小便短少,舌苔黄腻,脉滑数，其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "消食导滞", + "B": "泄热导滞", + "C": "清热利湿", + "D": "通腑泄热", + "E": "通腑消食" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "泄泻有虚实之分,此为湿热伤中导致的泄泻，应用葛根芩连汤清热利湿，故选C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 348, + "query": "患者,男,33岁。患白疤,发病较久,皮疹多呈斑片状,颜色淡红,鳞屑减少，干燥皲裂,自觉瘙痒,伴口干,舌质淡红,苔少,脉沉细，其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "清热泻火,凉血解毒", + "B": "清利湿热,解毒通络", + "C": "活血化瘀,解毒通络", + "D": "养血滋阴,润肤息风", + "E": "清热凉血,解毒消斑" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "久病体虚,阴血亏损,肌肤失养,故皮损色淡,鳞屑较多。治则宜养血滋阴,润肤息风。" + }, + { + "question_num": 349, + "query": "旋覆代赭汤的功用不包括", + "options": { + "A": "益气", + "B": "降逆", + "C": "和胃", + "D": "止咳", + "E": "化痰" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "旋覆代赭汤益气和胃、化痰降逆。" + }, + { + "question_num": 350, + "query": "患者,男,40岁。素有高血压病��,现眩晕耳鸣,面红头胀,腰膝酸软,失眠多梦,时有遗精或性欲亢进,舌红,脉沉弦细,其病机是", + "options": { + "A": "阴虚内热", + "B": "阴损及阳", + "C": "阴虚阳亢", + "D": "阳损及阴", + "E": "阴虚火旺" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "素有高血压病史,面红头胀,时有遗精或性欲亢进，舌红则为阳热亢盛的表现。眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,失眠多梦,脉沉弦细为阴虚证的表现。" + }, + { + "question_num": 351, + "query": "患者痢下赤白,白多赤少,腹痛,里急后重,饮食乏味,胃脘饱胀,舌淡苔白腻,脉濡缓,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "疫毒痢", + "B": "湿热痢", + "C": "阴虚痢", + "D": "休息痢", + "E": "恶玥" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "痢疾白多赤少为寒邪伤于气分。寒湿困脾,故饮食乏味,胃脘饱胀。" + }, + { + "question_num": 352, + "query": "患者,女,17岁。面、鼻部粉刺,用手指挤压,有米粒样白色脂栓挤出，颜面潮红，舌红苔薄黄,脉细数。证属肺经风热，治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "枇杷清肺饮", + "B": "桑菊饮", + "C": "银翘散", + "D": "消风散", + "E": "防风通圣散" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "肺经风热,壅阻于肌肤,故丘疹色红,或有痒痛;舌红、苔薄黄、脉浮数为肺经风热之象,治法宜清肺散风，方选枇杷消肺饮加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 353, + "query": "血府逐瘀汤除活血祛瘀外,还具有的功用是", + "options": { + "A": "散结消痞", + "B": "温经散寒", + "C": "补气通络", + "D": "行气止痛", + "E": "疏肝解郁" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "血府逐瘀汤活血祛瘀，行气止痛。主治胸中血瘀证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 354, + "query": "患者,男,26岁。淋雨后寒战,发热,咳嗽,咳铁锈色痰,胸痛。查体:口唇周围有单纯疱疹,叩诊右下肺轻度浊音,听诊呼吸音减低、应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "急性支气管炎", + "B": "肺结核", + "C": "急性肺脓肿", + "D": "肺炎球菌肺炎", + "E": "病毒性肺炎" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "肺炎球菌肺炎由于渗出到肺泡内的红细胞破坏后释放出含铁血黄素,混在痰中,故出现铁锈色痰。" + }, + { + "question_num": 355, + "query": "患者,男,56岁。大便秘结,排出困难面色无华,头晕目眩,心悸,舌淡,苔白,脉细涩，其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "气虚便秘", + "B": "血虚便秘", + "C": "阴虚便秘", + "D": "冷秘", + "E": "气秘" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 356, + "query": "患者,男,28岁。3天来尿道口红肿,尿急、尿频、尿痛,淋沥不止,尿液混浊如脂,尿道口溢脓,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数。西医诊断为急性淋病。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "知柏地黄丸", + "B": "龙胆泻肝汤", + "C": "清营汤", + "D": "革游渗湿汤", + "E": "四妙勇安汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "湿热毒蕴型(急性淋病)治法为清热利湿,解毒化浊，方药用龙胆泻肝汤:A项适合阴虚毒恋型(慢性淋病)。" + }, + { + "question_num": 357, + "query": "咳血方与小蓟饮子中均含有的药物是", + "options": { + "A": "山栀子", + "B": "青熊", + "C": "炙甘草", + "D": "生地黄", + "E": "滑石" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "咳血方的组成:青黛、瓜蒌仁、海粉、山栀子、煨诃子。小蓟饮子的组成生地黄、小蓟、滑石、木通、蒲黄、藕节、淡竹叶当归、山栀子、甘草。" + }, + { + "question_num": 358, + "query": "患儿发热，随后出现呕吐和意识障碍、应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "病毒性脑炎", + "B": "尿毒症", + "C": "癫痫", + "D": "有机磷农药中毒", + "E": "先天性心脏病" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 359, + "query": "患者,男,55岁。3个月前因胸胁部撞伤后,而出现胁肋刺痛,痛有定处,夜痛甚,舌质紫暗,脉沉涩,治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "复元活血汤", + "B": "少腹逐瘀汤", + "C": "膈下逐瘀汤", + "D": "调营饮", + "E": "香附旋覆花汤" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "该患者诊断为胁痛瘀血阻络证,故治宜活血祛瘀,疏肝通络，用复元活血汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 360, + "query": "患者,男,25岁。患梅毒疳疮。外治应选用", + "options": { + "A": "青黛散", + "B": "青吹口散", + "C": "鹅黄散", + "D": "生肌散", + "E": "桃花散" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "梅毒疳疮可选用鹅黄散或珍珠散敷于患处,每日3次。" + }, + { + "question_num": 361, + "query": "患者,65岁。皮肤、巩膜黄染进行性加重,大便持续变白,病后消瘦明显。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "急性病毒性肝炎", + "B": "肝硬化", + "C": "肝瘤", + "D": "胰头瘤", + "E": "胆总管结石" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "胆汁瘀积性肝硬化、胰头癌、胆总管结石均可导致阻塞性黄疸。患者病后消瘦明显,考虑消耗性疾病，应首先考虑胰头癌。" + }, + { + "question_num": 362, + "query": "患者身目俱黄,黄色晦暗,腹胀纳少神疲畏寒,大便不实,口淡不渴,舌淡苔腻,脉濡缓。诊断为黄疸,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "阴黄", + "B": "急黄", + "C": "阳黄湿热并重", + "D": "阳黄热重于湿", + "E": "黄湿重于热" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "阳黄主要症状黄色鲜明,发病急,病程短,常伴身热、口干苦、舌苔黄腻、脉象弦数。急黄为阳黄之重症,病情急骤,疸色如金,兼见神昏、发斑、出血危象。" + }, + { + "question_num": 363, + "query": "患者,女,19岁,未婚。月经提前,量少、色红、质黏稠,伴手足心热,两颧潮红,舌红少苔,脉细数。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "大补元煎", + "B": "丹栀逍遥散", + "C": "清经散", + "D": "保阴煎", + "E": "两地汤" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "由题干月经提前可知为月经先期。月经先期阴虚血热证的代表方药是两地汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 364, + "query": "患者,男,45岁。咳嗽、咳痰5年,近3年每年持续咳嗽、咳痰3～4个月。肺部X线检查仅见肺纹理增粗，其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "肺结核", + "B": "支气管哮喘", + "C": "慢性支气管炎", + "D": "肺脓肿", + "E": "支气管扩张" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "患者中老年男性,咳、咳痰近3年持续发作,每年发病持续3~4个月，胸部X线仅见肺纹理增粗，考虑慢性支气管炎可能性大。" + }, + { + "question_num": 365, + "query": "聚证患者,食滞痰阻,痰湿较重,服六磨汤后,腑气虽通,但症状未减,舌苔白腻而不化。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "二陈汤", + "B": "藿朴夏苓汤", + "C": "平胃散", + "D": "五苓散", + "E": "香苏散" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "聚证若痰湿较重,兼有食滞,腑气虽通,苔腻不化,可用平胃散加山楂六曲。六磨汤以行气导滞为主,平胃散以健脾燥湿为主,运用时宜加区别。" + }, + { + "question_num": 366, + "query": "患者,女,20岁,未婚。近4个月月经提前8~10天,量多、色淡、质稀,神疲肢倦,小腹空坠，舌淡,脉缓弱,诊为月经先期，其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "气虚", + "B": "实热", + "C": "虚热", + "D": "肝郁血热", + "E": "阳盛血热" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 367, + "query": "患者,男,60岁。有慢性支气管炎及肺心病病史。近1周感冒后出现咳嗽,吐黄痰，心悸气短加重,神志清，血气分析在正常范围、下列哪项治疗是错误的", + "options": { + "A": "抗感染", + "B": "止咳", + "C": "祛痰", + "D": "呼吸兴奋剂", + "E": "氨茶碱" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "呼吸兴奋剂适用于呼吸浅表、意识模糊而呼吸道通畅的呼吸衰竭患者" + }, + { + "question_num": 368, + "query": "患者腹大胀满,按之如囊裹水,伴下肢水肿,胸脘痞胀,精神困倦,怯寒懒动,尿少便溏,舌苔厚腻,脉缓,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "温中健脾,行气利水", + "B": "温脾补肾，化气行水", + "C": "健脾益气，化气行水", + "D": "理气疏肝,化瘀利水", + "E": "健脾渗湿,行气利水" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "此属鼓胀中的水湿困脾证，治宜温中健脾,化气行水" + }, + { + "question_num": 369, + "query": "患者,女,22岁,未婚。经期延后,量少、色暗、有血块,腹痛喜热,畏寒,舌暗苔白,脉沉紧,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "暖宫止痛调经", + "B": "理气止痛调经", + "C": "活血行气调经", + "D": "扶阳祛寒调经", + "E": "温经散寒调经" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "由题干经期延后,量少、色暗、有血块,腹痛喜热,畏寒,舌暗苔白,脉沉紧可判断为月经后期实赛证，故治法为温经散寒调经。" + }, + { + "question_num": 370, + "query": "患者,男,20岁。反复咳嗽,咳痰量多已2年。今天突然咯鲜血300ml，无发热，不消瘦。听诊:右下肺闻及小水泡音。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "大叶性肺炎", + "B": "肺结核", + "C": "支气管扩张", + "D": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄", + "E": "肺脓肿" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "C项是指一支或多支近端不可逆性扩张,其典型症状为慢性咳嗽伴大量脓痰和反复咯血。" + }, + { + "question_num": 371, + "query": "患者腹大胀满不舒,早宽暮急,面色苍黄,嗜睡,语无伦次,逐渐昏迷,舌苔灰腻,脉弦细而滑。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "温胆汤", + "B": "菖蒲郁金汤", + "C": "白金丸", + "D": "苏合香丸", + "E": "涤痰汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "患者腹大胀满,可辨为鼓胀,出现嗜睡,语无伦次,逐渐昏迷等神昏变证,其舌苔灰腻,脉弦细而滑,是痰浊壅盛,蒙蔽心窍的表现,治当化痰泄浊开窍，用苏合香丸,故选D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 372, + "query": "患者,女,30岁,已婚。经期延后,量少,色暗红,有小血块,小腹胀痛,伴胸胁乳房胀痛,现月经中断3个月余，尿妊娠试验阴性,舌苔薄白,脉弦。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "调肝汤", + "B": "柴胡疏肝散", + "C": "少腹逐瘀汤", + "D": "血府逐瘀汤", + "E": "桃红四物汤" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "由题干经期延后,量少,色暗红,有小血块,小腹胀痛,伴胸胁乳房胀痛辨证为月经后期气滞证。方药首选乌药汤，也可用血府逐瘀汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 373, + "query": "患者,男,30岁。高热寒战2天,胸痛，伴咳嗽，痰中带血。听诊:右肺中部可闻及湿性啰音。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "急性支气管炎", + "B": "肺炎", + "C": "肺结核", + "D": "肺癌", + "E": "支气管哮喘" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "伴高热寒战,考虑炎症可能大,急性支气管炎临床以咳嗽伴(或不伴)有支气管分泌物增多为特征，而痰中带血是肺炎的一种表现。" + }, + { + "question_num": 374, + "query": "患者,女,50岁。头痛昏蒙,胸脘满闷呕吐痰涎，舌苔白腻,脉弦滑。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "羌活胜湿汤", + "B": "半夏白术天麻汤", + "C": "川芎茶调散", + "D": "半夏厚朴汤", + "E": "苓桂术甘汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "半夏白术天麻汤健脾燥湿化痰降逆、治疗脾虚生痰,风痰上扰清空所导致的头痛,故选B" + }, + { + "question_num": 375, + "query": "患者,女,30岁,已婚。月经先后无定期,质稀、少,腰痛,头晕,舌淡少苔,脉沉细尺弱,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "肝郁", + "B": "肝血不足", + "C": "阴虚", + "D": "肾虚", + "E": "气血虚弱" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 376, + "query": "患者,男,60岁。脑出血后长期卧床，2天前出现发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难等症状,胸透见两肺下叶有多数散在边缘不清小灶阴影。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "大叶性肺炎", + "B": "干酪样肺炎", + "C": "间质性肺炎", + "D": "转移性肿瘤", + "E": "小叶性肺炎" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 377, + "query": "患者头痛而晕,心悸不宁,神疲乏力,面色无华,舌淡苔薄白，脉细弱。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "半夏白术天麻汤", + "B": "加味四物汤", + "C": "大定风珠", + "D": "大补元煎", + "E": "六君子汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "B项养血滋阴,和络止痛，治疗头痛而晕,心悸不宁,神疲乏力,面色无华的血虚头痛。" + }, + { + "question_num": 378, + "query": "患者,女,30岁,已婚。经行量多,色淡红,质清稀,伴有神疲肢倦,气短懒言,小腹空坠,面色眺白，舌淡,苔薄,脉细弱,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "血虚", + "B": "气虚", + "C": "血瘀", + "D": "血热", + "E": "阴虚" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "由题干经行量多,伴有神疲肢倦,气短懒言,小腹空坠,辨证为气虚证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 379, + "query": "患者,男,20岁。咳嗽伴低热,盗汗,乏力1个月。X线显示右肺上云雾状阴影。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "原发型肺结核", + "B": "血行播散型肺结核", + "C": "浸润型肺结核", + "D": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", + "E": "结核性胸膜炎" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "青年男性,低热、咳嗽、盗汗、乏力,为肺结核的报警症状。X线显示右肺上云雾状阴彤应考虑为浸润型,故选C" + }, + { + "question_num": 380, + "query": "头痛患者,疼痛日久,其痛如锥刺,固定不移,舌质紫,脉细涩,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "肝阳", + "B": "痰浊", + "C": "血虚", + "D": "肾虚", + "E": "瘀血" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 381, + "query": "患者,女,27岁,未婚。月经周期33天,经期持续8~10余天,量少,色红,质稠,伴经行腹痛隐隐。平时乳房胀痛。应首先考虑的是", + "options": { + "A": "经行乳房胀痛", + "B": "月经后期", + "C": "经期延长", + "D": "痛经", + "E": "漏下" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "月经周期基本正常,行经时间超过7天以上，甚或淋漓半月方净者,称为“经期延长”。" + }, + { + "question_num": 382, + "query": "某医生从2006年10月起,离开医院岗位为工厂从事推销工作,若其2008年9月30日仍不回岗位，其所在医院向准予其注册的卫生健康主管部门报告的期限是", + "options": { + "A": "7日内", + "B": "10日内", + "C": "15日内", + "D": "30日内", + "E": "60日内" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "《中华人民共和国医师法》规定,医师注册后中止医师执业活动满二年的,其所在的医疗卫生机构应当在三十日内报告准予注册的卫生健康主管部门，卫生健康主管部门应当及时注销注册，废止医师执业证书。" + }, + { + "question_num": 383, + "query": "患者眩晕,头重如蒙,胸闷恶心,食少寐多,舌苔白腻,脉滑。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "苓桂术甘汤", + "B": "半夏白术天麻汤", + "C": "黄连温胆汤", + "D": "半夏厚朴汤", + "E": "半夏秫米汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "痰浊中阻,清阳不升,可致眩晕,头重如蒙,气机不利,故胸闷恶心,食少寐多,舌苔白腻,脉滑,均为痰湿壅盛之证。治宜燥湿祛痰,健脾和胃,用半夏白术天麻汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 384, + "query": "患者,女,35岁,已婚。患崩漏1年余经血非时而至,经量甚多、色淡、质稀，面色苍白,气短懒言,大便不成形,舌淡、苔薄白,脉沉弱,其证候", + "options": { + "A": "肾阴虚", + "B": "肾阳虚", + "C": "脾虚", + "D": "血瘀", + "E": "以上均非" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "由题干经量甚多、色淡、质稀,面色苍白,气短懒言,大便不成形,舌淡苔薄白,脉沉弱,辨证为脾气虚证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 385, + "query": "某人1998年于医科大学毕业分配到市级医院工作，《中华人民共和国执业医师法》颁布3个月后,其依照有关开办医疗机构的规定申请个体开业。依据《中华人民共和国执业医师法》卫生行政部门应", + "options": { + "A": "批准其个体行医资格申请", + "B": "要求其应具备主治医师资格", + "C": "要求其参加国家执业医师资格考试", + "D": "要求其参加国家执业助理医师资格考试", + "E": "要求其能保证个体行医质量,才能予以受理申请" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "说明:《中华人民共和国医师法》自2022年3月1日起施行。《中华人民共和国执业医师法》同时废止。本题答案仍以《中华人民共和国执业医师法》为准。" + }, + { + "question_num": 386, + "query": "患者眩晕,动则加剧,劳则即发,面色白,唇甲不华,心悸少寐,神疲懒言,饮食减少舌质淡,脉细弱，其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "健脾益气,益肾温中", + "B": "温补脾肾,通络宁心", + "C": "健脾益肾,活血化瘀", + "D": "补益肝肾,化瘀通络", + "E": "补养气血,健运脾胃" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "由题意知应补养气血,健运脾胃，方选归脾汤加减。" + }, + { + "question_num": 387, + "query": "患者,女,33岁,已婚。经血非时而下淋滴不净,色紫暗、有块。小腹胀痛,舌紫苔薄白，脉涩。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "圣愈汤", + "B": "四物汤合失笑散", + "C": "血府逐瘀汤", + "D": "少腹逐瘀汤", + "E": "膈下逐瘀汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "首先辨病辨证,由题干经血非时而下，淋漓不净,辨病为崩漏，由色紫暗、有块,小腹胀痛,舌紫苔薄白,脉涩,辨证为崩漏血瘀证,应首选四物汤合失笑散。" + }, + { + "question_num": 388, + "query": "在下述咳嗽表现中，肾水亏多表现是", + "options": { + "A": "咳声低微", + "B": "咳声重浊", + "C": "夜间咳甚", + "D": "天亮咳甚", + "E": "咳声不扬" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "肾水亏多之咳嗽多表现为夜间咳甚;脾虚之咳嗽多表现为天亮咳甚。" + }, + { + "question_num": 389, + "query": "患者突然昏仆,不省人事,肢体软瘫目合口张,鼻肝息微,手撒肢冷,汗多,二便自遗,舌痿,脉微欲绝,其中风属", + "options": { + "A": "中经络", + "B": "阳闭证", + "C": "阴闭证", + "D": "脱证", + "E": "后遗症" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "脱证乃阳气外脱,以突然昏仆,不省人事,肢体软瘫,目合口张,鼻肝息微,手撒肢冷,汗多,二便自遗,舌痰,脉微欲绝为主症。" + }, + { + "question_num": 390, + "query": "患者,女,20岁,未婚。月经淋漓20日不止,色淡红,质清稀,面色晦暗,头晕耳鸣腰腿酸软,倦怠乏力,舌淡暗,苔白润,脉沉弱。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "八珍汤", + "B": "归脾汤", + "C": "加减苁蓉菟丝子丸", + "D": "右归丸", + "E": "加减一阴煎" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "由题干辨证为肾气虚证，代表方剂加减苁蓉菟丝子丸。" + }, + { + "question_num": 391, + "query": "患者平素眩晕,耳鸣。突然发生口舌斜,舌强语謇,半身不遂,但其神志清楚,舌红,脉弦滑。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "大秦艽汤", + "B": "镇肝熄风汤", + "C": "龙胆泻肝汤", + "D": "地黄饮子", + "E": "苏合香丸" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "肝阴不足,故平素眩量,耳鸣;阴不制阳,相火内动,虚风内生,故突然发生口舌喝斜,舌强语容,半身不遂,神志清楚为风中经络。证属阴虚风动，治宜滋阴潜阳，用镇肝熄风汤,故选B." + }, + { + "question_num": 392, + "query": "患者,女,40岁,已婚。经血非时而下,淋漓日久不尽,色淡红,质清稀,伴神疲气短,面浮肢肿,纳呆便溏,舌淡胖,苔白,脉沉弱。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "补中益气汤", + "B": "古本正朋汤", + "C": "加减苁蓉菟丝子丸", + "D": "举元煎", + "E": "归脾汤" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 393, + "query": "疟疾患者,热多寒少,汗出不畅,头痛,骨节酸痛,口渴引饮,便秘,溲赤,舌红苔黄,脉弦数,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "和解表里,温阳达邪", + "B": "祛邪截疟,和解表里", + "C": "解毒除瘴,清热保津", + "D": "益气养血,扶正祛邪", + "E": "清热解表,和解祛邪" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "本证既有疟疾在外的表证,又有在里的热证表现,故为温疟。" + }, + { + "question_num": 394, + "query": "患者,女,34岁,已婚。2年来月经量逐渐减少,现闭经半年,带下量少，五心烦热，盗汗失眠，口干欲饮,舌红少苔,脉细数，其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "肝肾不足", + "B": "气血虚弱", + "C": "肾阳虚弱", + "D": "脾虚", + "E": "阴虚血燥" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "由题干辨证为阴虚血燥,因为阴血不足，日久益甚，虚热内生，火道水涸，血海燥涩渐涸,故月经量少，渐至闭经;阴成日久，虚火内生,故五心烦热，盗汗失眠，口干欲饮,舌红少苔,脉细数。" + }, + { + "question_num": 395, + "query": "患者因皮肤疮痍破溃而引发水肿，肿势自颜面渐及全身，小便不利，恶风发热，咽红，舌红苔薄黄,脉滑数。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "越婢加术汤合桑白皮汤", + "B": "麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮", + "C": "麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五皮散", + "D": "麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合猪苓汤", + "E": "实脾饮合五味消毒饮" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "该患者为水肿湿毒浸淫证,治宜宣肺解毒,利湿消肿,用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤合五味消毒饮。" + }, + { + "question_num": 396, + "query": "患者,女,18岁,未婚。月经尚未初潮,体质虚弱,腰酸腿软,头晕目眩,舌红少苔。脉沉细尺弱,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "补气养血调经", + "B": "滋阴益气调经", + "C": "补肾养肝调经", + "D": "健脾生血调经", + "E": "补中益气调经" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "由题干18岁,月经尚未初潮,辨病为闭经;由体质虚弱,腰酸腿软,头晕目眩,舌红少苔,脉沉细尺弱,辨证为肾气亏虚,治法是补肾养肝调经。" + }, + { + "question_num": 397, + "query": "患者,女,15岁。水肿3个月余,下肢为甚,按之凹陷不易恢复，心悸,气促,腰部冷痛,尿少,四肢冷,舌质淡胖,苔白,脉沉,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "湿毒浸淫", + "B": "湿热壅盛", + "C": "脾阳虚衰", + "D": "水湿浸渍", + "E": "将气底微" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "脾阳不足,气不化水,故水肿。水湿下聚,故下肢为甚,按之凹陷。水气上凌心肺,故心悸,气促。腰为肾府,故腰部冷痛。阳气衰微,故出现尿少，四肢冷，舌质淡胖,苔白,脉沉,故选C" + }, + { + "question_num": 398, + "query": "患者,女，22岁。月经初潮年龄16岁,痛经6年,每于第1天出现小腹冷痛,喜温喜按,经量少、色暗淡,腰腿酸软,小便清长,舌苔白润,脉沉迟。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "温经汤(《妇人大全良方》)", + "B": "圣愈汤", + "C": "调肝汤", + "D": "温经汤(《金匮要略》)", + "E": "金匮肾气丸" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "由题干辨证为阳虚内寒证,代表方剂温经汤(《金匮要略》),故选D。" + }, + { + "question_num": 399, + "query": "患者牙痛剧烈,伴口臭,口渴,便秘,舌苔黄,脉洪。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "风池", + "B": "外关", + "C": "足三里", + "D": "风门", + "E": "内庭" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "内庭穴是荣穴，具有清胃泻火、理气止痛的功效。" + }, + { + "question_num": 400, + "query": "患者,女,18岁,未婚。每于经行小腹编绵作痛,经净渐除,经量少、质稀,腰酸腿软,舌苔薄白,脉细弱,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "益气止痛", + "B": "补血止痛", + "C": "滋阴止痛", + "D": "益肾养肝止痛", + "E": "疏肝止痛" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "由题干辨证为肾气亏损证。治法是益肾养肝止痛。" + }, + { + "question_num": 401, + "query": "患者,男,45岁。关节肌肉疼痛,屈伸不利,疼痛较剧,痛有定处,遇寒痛增,得热痛减,局部皮色不红，触之不热,舌苔薄白,脉弦紧。治疗除选用阿是穴、局部经穴外，还应选用的穴位是", + "options": { + "A": "肾俞、关元", + "B": "阴陵泉、足三里", + "C": "大椎、曲池", + "D": "膈俞、关元", + "E": "膈俞、血海" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "由患者的症状可以判断属于痹证之痛痹,治疗应用肾俞穴和关元穴，" + }, + { + "question_num": 402, + "query": "患者,女,26岁,已婚。月经35天一行,量少、色淡、质稀,每于行经出现大便泄泻，腰酸畏寒，四肢不温,带下清稀如水,舌淡苔白，脉沉迟，其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "脾虚", + "B": "肾虚", + "C": "湿热", + "D": "寒湿", + "E": "肝木乘脾" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "从题干辨证为肾虚证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 403, + "query": "患者,女,45岁。失眠2个月,近日来人睡困难,有时睡后易醒,醒后不能再睡，甚至彻夜不眠，舌苔薄，脉沉细。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "神门、内关", + "B": "神门、胆俞", + "C": "神门、三阴交", + "D": "心俞、脾俞", + "E": "心俞、足三里" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "由患者的症状可知本病为不寐之心肾不交证,故选穴上应宁心安神。不寐的病位在心，取心经原穴神门宁心安神;三阴交健脾益与气，张肝盗阴，可使脾气和，肚元屹泄,心肾相交以达心气安而不寐除。" + }, + { + "question_num": 404, + "query": "患者,女,45岁,已婚。每逢月经将潮便泄泻,脘腹胀满,神疲肢软,面浮肢肿,月经量多,色淡质薄,舌淡红,苔白,脉缓。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "健固汤", + "B": "四神丸", + "C": "六君子汤", + "D": "痛为要方", + "E": "参苓白术散" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "从题干每逢月经将潮便泄泻,辨病为经行泄泻;由脘腹胀满,神疲肢软,面浮肢肿,月经量多,色淡质薄,舌淡红,苔白,脉濡缓,辨证为脾虚证。代表方剂是参苓白术散。" + }, + { + "question_num": 405, + "query": "患者,女,43岁。眩晕2个月,加重1周,昏眩欲仆,神疲之力,面色白;时有心悸,夜寐欠安,舌淡,脉细。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "风池、肝俞、肾俞、行间、侠溪", + "B": "丰隆、中脘、内关、解溪、头维", + "C": "百会、上星、风池、丰隆、合谷", + "D": "脾俞、足三里、气海、百会", + "E": "百会、太阳、印堂、合谷" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "由患者的症状可知本病为眩晕之气血虚弱证,应首选百会、足三里、脾俞、胃俞、气海等腧穴调理胃、补益气血。" + }, + { + "question_num": 406, + "query": "患者,女,35岁。月经周期正常，月经量少、色红、质稠,经期鼻衄,量不多,色暗红，伴手足心热,潮热颧红,舌红少苔,脉细数,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "肝经郁火", + "B": "阴虚内热", + "C": "心肝火旺", + "D": "阴虚阳亢", + "E": "肺肾阴虚" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 407, + "query": "患者,男,28岁。1天前因饮食不洁，出现腹痛腹泻，下痢赤白，里急后重，肛门灼热,心烦口渴,小便短赤,舌苔黄腻,脉滑数。治疗除选取主穴外，应加用的腧穴是", + "options": { + "A": "中脘、上脘", + "B": "中脘、内关", + "C": "曲池、内庭", + "D": "脾俞、下脘", + "E": "行间、足三里" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "由患者的症状可知本病为痢疾之湿热痢,应选用曲池和内庭，" + }, + { + "question_num": 408, + "query": "患者,女,49岁。月经或前或后,烘热出汗,五心烦热,头晕耳鸣,腰酸乏力,舌红苔薄,脉细数。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "左归丸", + "B": "内补丸", + "C": "肾气丸", + "D": "两地汤合二至丸", + "E": "二仙汤合二至丸" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "由题干女,49岁,月经或前或后,烘热出汗,五心烦热,头晕耳鸣,腰酸乏力,舌红苔薄,脉细数,辨为绝经前后诸证肾阴虚证,代表方剂是左归丸。" + }, + { + "question_num": 409, + "query": "患者,女,35岁。胃脘部隐痛,痛处喜按,空腹痛甚,纳后痛减,伴胃脘灼热,似饥而不欲食,咽干口燥,大便干结,舌红少津,脉弦细。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "内关、天枢、中脘、膈俞", + "B": "内关、足三里、中脘、胃俞", + "C": "内关、天枢、中脘、太冲", + "D": "内关、足三里、中脘、下脘、梁门", + "E": "足三里、中脘、内关、三阴交、内庭" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "本病为胃痛之虚证,应首选温中健脾,和胃止痛的中脘、脾俞、胃俞、足三里以及滋阴降火的内庭、三阴交、内关等腧穴。" + }, + { + "question_num": 410, + "query": "患者,女,40岁。月经规律,平时带下求。苔黄腻,脉濡数,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "脾虚", + "B": "肾阳虚", + "C": "肾阴虚", + "D": "湿热", + "E": "热毒" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "由题干带下量多、色黄白,有臭气,纳呆,大便黏腻不爽,舌苔黄腻,脉濡数,诊断为带下过多湿热下注证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 411, + "query": "患儿,男,7岁。睡中遗尿,白天小便频而量少,劳累后遗尿加重,面白气短,食欲不振,大便易溏,舌淡苔白,脉细无力。治疗除取主穴外，还应选用的是", + "options": { + "A": "神门、阴陵泉、胃俞", + "B": "气海、肺腧、足三里", + "C": "次髎、水道、三阴交", + "D": "百会、神门、内关", + "E": "关元俞、肾俞、关元" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "该患者为遗尿脾肺气虚证,除主穴外,应配肺俞、气海、足三里。" + }, + { + "question_num": 412, + "query": "患儿,9个月。发热,微汗,鼻塞流涕,咽红,夜间体温升高，又见惊惕叫,夜卧不安，舌质红，苔薄白，指纹浮紫，其诊断是", + "options": { + "A": "夜啼", + "B": "感冒夹痰", + "C": "感冒夹惊", + "D": "急惊风", + "E": "小儿暑温" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "由“发热,微汗,鼻塞流涕咽红”可判断为感冒,而又因为“又见惊惕啼叫”,即判断为夹惊,故选C。" + }, + { + "question_num": 413, + "query": "患者。女,32岁。行经后小腹部绵绵作痛，喜按，月经色淡，量少。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "三阴交、中极、次髎", + "B": "足三里、太冲、中极", + "C": "丰隆、天枢、气穴", + "D": "阴陵泉、中极、阳陵泉", + "E": "三阴交、足三里、气海" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "本病为痛经之虚证,应选用三阴交、足三里、气海调补气取、温养冲任" + }, + { + "question_num": 414, + "query": "患儿,女,4岁。有哮喘病史,此次喘促迁延不愈月余，动则喘甚，面色少华，形寒肢冷,小便清长,伴见咳嗽痰多,喉间痰鸣,舌质淡,苔白腻,脉细弱,其证型是", + "options": { + "A": "寒性哮喘", + "B": "热性哮喘", + "C": "虚实夹杂", + "D": "肺脾气虚", + "E": "肾虚不纳" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "痰热阻肺,肺气失宣,故咳嗽,喉间痰吼;肾虚不纳,故病程迁延,哮喘反复，动则喘甚。四诊合姿，思儿辩证为哮喘之虚实夹杂(肺实肾虚)证。" + }, + { + "question_num": 415, + "query": "患者,女,45岁。2天前感觉胁肋部皮肤灼热疼痛，皮色发红，继则出现簇集性粟粒状大小丘状疱疹，呈带状排列,兼见口苦,心烦,易怒,脉弦数。治疗除取主穴外，还应选用的穴位是", + "options": { + "A": "大椎、曲池、合谷", + "B": "行间、大敦、阳陵泉", + "C": "血海、隐白、内庭", + "D": "足三里、阴陵泉、阳陵泉", + "E": "内庭、曲池、太白" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "本病为带状疱疹肝胆火盛证,选行间、大敦、阳陵泉等清泻肝胆经实火，" + }, + { + "question_num": 416, + "query": "患儿流涕、咳嗽3天后,高热不退咳嗽喘促,鼻扇,喉中痰声辘辘,口唇紫绀,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "风寒闭肺", + "B": "风热闭肺", + "C": "痰热闭肺", + "D": "痰热咳嗽", + "E": "心阳虚衰" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "本证多见于肺炎喘嗽的中期,痰热俱甚,郁闭于肺,而见上述诸症。临床以发热、咳嗽、���壅、气急、鼻扇为特征。" + }, + { + "question_num": 417, + "query": "患者,女,31岁。右侧牙痛3天,龈肿,痛剧,伴口臭,口渴,大便3天未行,舌苔黄脉洪。治疗除取颊车、下关穴外，还应加", + "options": { + "A": "外关、风池", + "B": "太溪、行间", + "C": "中渚、养老", + "D": "合谷、内庭", + "E": "太冲、曲池" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "本病为牙痛之胃火炽盛证,故应选用清胃降火的合谷穴和内庭穴。" + }, + { + "question_num": 418, + "query": "患儿,2岁。高热、咳喘9天后,潮热盗汗,面色潮红,口唇樱赤,干咳无痰,质红而干,舌苔光剥,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "养阴清肺", + "B": "消肺止咳", + "C": "止咳化痰", + "D": "养阴益胃", + "E": "益气健脾" + }, + "answer": "A", + "reason": "此病证为肺炎喘嗽之阴虚肺热证。治宜养阴清肺,润肺止咳。" + }, + { + "question_num": 419, + "query": "患者,男,36岁。上齿剧痛3天,伴口臭,口渴,便秘,舌苔黄,脉洪。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "风池", + "B": "外关", + "C": "足三里", + "D": "内庭", + "E": "地仓" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 420, + "query": "患儿,3岁。壮热不退,气急鼻扇,张口抬肩,摇身撷肚，口唇紫绀,胸闷腹胀，大便秘结。治疗应在正确选方的基础上加", + "options": { + "A": "黄芩、连翘", + "B": "天竺黄、全瓜蒌", + "C": "丹参、红花", + "D": "牛黄夺命散", + "E": "桑白皮、沉香末" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "患儿主症总结起来为“热、痰、喘、扇”4个字,由此可初步诊断为肺炎喘嗽。热甚加黄苓、连翘;痰盛加天竺黄、全瓜蒸;痰热皆盛,又兼便秘应加牛黄夺命散。" + }, + { + "question_num": 421, + "query": "患者,女,64岁。耳中如蝉鸣4年,时作时止,劳累则加剧,按之鸣声减弱。治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "太阳、听会、角孙", + "B": "丘墟、足窍阴、外关", + "C": "太阳、听会、合谷", + "D": "听会、侠溪、中渚", + "E": "太溪、照海、听官" + }, + "answer": "E", + "reason": "" + }, + { + "question_num": 422, + "query": "患儿，1岁。昨起舌上溃破，色红疼痛,进食哭闹,心烦不安,曰干欲饮,小便短赤,治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "凉膈散", + "B": "泻心导赤汤", + "C": "清胃散", + "D": "泻心汤", + "E": "六味地黄丸" + }, + "answer": "B", + "reason": "由“舌上溃破,色红疼痛”可判断为口疮,口疮中心火上炎证用泻心导赤汤。" + }, + { + "question_num": 423, + "query": "患儿口腔舌面满布溃疡,烦躁不宁，啼哭叫扰,口臭涎多,大便干结,舌红苔黄,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "肺热壅盛", + "B": "心火上炎", + "C": "脾胃积热", + "D": "肝胆火旺", + "E": "虚火上浮" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "患儿口腔舌面布满溃疡为小儿口疮;口臭涎多,大便干结,舌红苔黄为脾胃积热。" + }, + { + "question_num": 424, + "query": "患儿,11个月。泄泻2周。起病时每日泻10多次,经治疗大减,但近日仍日行3~4次,大便稀溏色淡,每于食后作泻，面色萎黄神疲倦怠,舌质淡,苔薄白,其证候是", + "options": { + "A": "风寒", + "B": "湿热", + "C": "伤食", + "D": "脾虚", + "E": "脾肾阳虚" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "本证未见肾阳虚症状，只是早纯的脾虚。" + }, + { + "question_num": 425, + "query": "患儿,2岁。泄泻2天,大便日行10余次，质稀如水,色黄混浊。精神不振，口渴心烦,眼眶凹陷,皮肤干燥,小便短赤,舌红少津,苔少,其治法是", + "options": { + "A": "消食化积", + "B": "疏风散寒", + "C": "酸甘敛阴", + "D": "渗湿止泻", + "E": "清热利湿" + }, + "answer": "C", + "reason": "此为泄泻之变证,治疗时除止泻外应及时敛阴生津。" + }, + { + "question_num": 426, + "query": "患儿,2岁。纳差2个月,腹泻1周。平素食欲不振,挑食偏食,近日大便日行3~4次,食后作泻,面色萎黄,舌淡苔白,指纹淡红,治疗应首选", + "options": { + "A": "熏洗法", + "B": "擦拭法", + "C": "割治疗法", + "D": "推拿疗法", + "E": "拔罐疗法" + }, + "answer": "D", + "reason": "推拿疗法有促进气血流行、经络通畅、神气安定、脏腑调和的作用,临床中多用于泄泻、惊风、腹痛、痿痹等证。该病症为泄泻的脾虚泻,推拿疗法最为适宜。" + } +] \ No newline at end of file