p1/preprocess/Cardiovascular_Disease/code/GSE190042.py

# Path Configuration
from tools.preprocess import *

# Processing context
trait = "Cardiovascular_Disease"
cohort = "GSE190042"

# Input paths
in_trait_dir = "../DATA/GEO/Cardiovascular_Disease"
in_cohort_dir = "../DATA/GEO/Cardiovascular_Disease/GSE190042"

# Output paths
out_data_file = "./output/preprocess/1/Cardiovascular_Disease/GSE190042.csv"
out_gene_data_file = "./output/preprocess/1/Cardiovascular_Disease/gene_data/GSE190042.csv"
out_clinical_data_file = "./output/preprocess/1/Cardiovascular_Disease/clinical_data/GSE190042.csv"
json_path = "./output/preprocess/1/Cardiovascular_Disease/cohort_info.json"

# STEP1
from tools.preprocess import *

# 1. Attempt to identify the paths to the SOFT file and the matrix file
try:
    soft_file, matrix_file = geo_get_relevant_filepaths(in_cohort_dir)
except AssertionError:
    print("[WARNING] Could not find the expected '.soft' or '.matrix' files in the directory.")
    soft_file, matrix_file = None, None

if soft_file is None or matrix_file is None:
    print("[ERROR] Required GEO files are missing. Please check file names in the cohort directory.")
else:
    # 2. Read the matrix file to obtain background information and sample characteristics data
    background_prefixes = ['!Series_title', '!Series_summary', '!Series_overall_design']
    clinical_prefixes = ['!Sample_geo_accession', '!Sample_characteristics_ch1']
    background_info, clinical_data = get_background_and_clinical_data(matrix_file,
                                                                      background_prefixes,
                                                                      clinical_prefixes)

    # 3. Obtain the sample characteristics dictionary from the clinical dataframe
    sample_characteristics_dict = get_unique_values_by_row(clinical_data)

    # 4. Explicitly print out all the background information and the sample characteristics dictionary
    print("Background Information:")
    print(background_info)
    print("\nSample Characteristics Dictionary:")
    print(sample_characteristics_dict)
# 1) Gene Expression Data Availability
is_gene_available = True  # From the background info, gene expression (mRNA) data is present

# 2) Variable Availability and Conversion
#    The trait is "Cardiovascular_Disease", which is not present in the dictionary, so trait_row = None
trait_row = None

#    'age' is found in key=2 in the dictionary
age_row = 2

#    'gender' is found in key=1 in the dictionary
gender_row = 1

# 2.2 Define conversion functions.
def convert_trait(value: str) -> int:
    """
    Convert trait (Cardiovascular_Disease) to 0/1 if data were present.
    This dataset does not contain the trait, so this function is just a placeholder.
    """
    # No actual data to parse, return None or 0
    return None  # Always returns None, because no trait info is available

def convert_age(value: str) -> float:
    """
    Convert age from string format e.g., 'age: 56' to a float.
    Unknown or invalid values return None.
    """
    # Split on colon and take the second part
    parts = value.split(':')
    if len(parts) < 2:
        return None
    try:
        return float(parts[1].strip())
    except ValueError:
        return None

def convert_gender(value: str) -> int:
    """
    Convert gender from format e.g., 'gender: M' or 'gender: F' to 1 or 0.
    M -> 1, F -> 0, unknown -> None.
    """
    parts = value.split(':')
    if len(parts) < 2:
        return None
    val = parts[1].strip().upper()
    if val == 'M':
        return 1
    elif val == 'F':
        return 0
    else:
        return None

# 3) Save Metadata (initial filtering)
#    trait is unavailable because trait_row is None
is_trait_available = (trait_row is not None)

is_usable = validate_and_save_cohort_info(
    is_final=False,
    cohort=cohort,
    info_path=json_path,
    is_gene_available=is_gene_available,
    is_trait_available=is_trait_available
)

# 4) Clinical Feature Extraction: Skip because trait_row is None (trait data not available).
#    Hence, no geo_select_clinical_features call here.
# STEP3
# Attempt to read gene expression data; if the library function yields an empty DataFrame,
# try re-reading without ignoring lines that start with '!' (because sometimes GEO data may
# place actual expression rows under lines that begin with '!').

gene_data = get_genetic_data(matrix_file)
if gene_data.empty:
    print("[WARNING] The gene_data is empty. Attempting alternative loading without treating '!' as comments.")
    import gzip

    # Locate the marker line first
    skip_rows = 0
    with gzip.open(matrix_file, 'rt') as file:
        for i, line in enumerate(file):
            if "!series_matrix_table_begin" in line:
                skip_rows = i + 1
                break

    # Read the data again, this time not treating '!' as comment
    gene_data = pd.read_csv(
        matrix_file,
        compression="gzip",
        skiprows=skip_rows,
        delimiter="\t",
        on_bad_lines="skip"
    )
    gene_data = gene_data.rename(columns={"ID_REF": "ID"}).astype({"ID": "str"})
    gene_data.set_index("ID", inplace=True)

# Print the first 20 row IDs to confirm data structure
print(gene_data.index[:20])
# Based on the given identifiers (e.g., "11715100_at", "11715101_s_at"), these are Affymetrix probe IDs 
# rather than standard human gene symbols, so mapping is required.
print("requires_gene_mapping = True")
# STEP5
# 1. Use the 'get_gene_annotation' function from the library to get gene annotation data from the SOFT file.
gene_annotation = get_gene_annotation(soft_file)

# 2. Use the 'preview_df' function from the library to preview the data and print out the results.
print("Gene annotation preview:")
print(preview_df(gene_annotation))
# STEP: Gene Identifier Mapping

# 1) Identify the columns in 'gene_annotation' that correspond to the probe IDs in the gene expression data
#    and the gene symbols. From the preview, they appear to be 'ID' (probe IDs) and 'Gene Symbol' (gene symbols).
mapping_df = get_gene_mapping(gene_annotation, prob_col="ID", gene_col="Gene Symbol")

# 2) Convert probe-level measurements to gene expression data using the mapping.
gene_data = apply_gene_mapping(gene_data, mapping_df)

# For verification, print the resulting dataframe dimensions and preview
print("Mapped gene_data dimensions:", gene_data.shape)
print(gene_data.head())
import os
import pandas as pd

# STEP7: Data Normalization and Linking

# 1) Normalize the gene symbols in the previously obtained gene_data
normalized_gene_data = normalize_gene_symbols_in_index(gene_data)
normalized_gene_data.to_csv(out_gene_data_file)

# 2) Load clinical data only if it exists and is non-empty
if os.path.exists(out_clinical_data_file) and os.path.getsize(out_clinical_data_file) > 0:
    # Read the file
    clinical_temp = pd.read_csv(out_clinical_data_file)

    # Adjust row index to label the trait, age, and gender properly
    if clinical_temp.shape[0] == 3:
        clinical_temp.index = [trait, "Age", "Gender"]
    elif clinical_temp.shape[0] == 2:
        clinical_temp.index = [trait, "Gender"]
    elif clinical_temp.shape[0] == 1:
        clinical_temp.index = [trait]

    # 2) Link the clinical and normalized genetic data
    linked_data = geo_link_clinical_genetic_data(clinical_temp, normalized_gene_data)

    # 3) Handle missing values
    linked_data = handle_missing_values(linked_data, trait)

    # 4) Check for severe bias in the trait; remove biased demographic features if present
    trait_biased, linked_data = judge_and_remove_biased_features(linked_data, trait)

    # 5) Final quality validation and save metadata
    is_usable = validate_and_save_cohort_info(
        is_final=True,
        cohort=cohort,
        info_path=json_path,
        is_gene_available=True,
        is_trait_available=True,
        is_biased=trait_biased,
        df=linked_data,
        note=f"Final check on {cohort} with {trait}."
    )

    # 6) If the linked data is usable, save it
    if is_usable:
        linked_data.to_csv(out_data_file)
else:
    # If no valid clinical data file is found, finalize metadata indicating trait unavailability
    is_usable = validate_and_save_cohort_info(
        is_final=True,
        cohort=cohort,
        info_path=json_path,
        is_gene_available=True,
        is_trait_available=False,
        is_biased=True,  # Force a fallback so that it's flagged as unusable
        df=pd.DataFrame(),
        note=f"No trait data found for {cohort}, final metadata recorded."
    )
    # Per instructions, do not save a final linked data file when trait data is absent.