p3/preprocess/Substance_Use_Disorder/code/GSE159676.py

# Path Configuration
from tools.preprocess import *

# Processing context
trait = "Substance_Use_Disorder"
cohort = "GSE159676"

# Input paths
in_trait_dir = "../DATA/GEO/Substance_Use_Disorder"
in_cohort_dir = "../DATA/GEO/Substance_Use_Disorder/GSE159676"

# Output paths
out_data_file = "./output/preprocess/3/Substance_Use_Disorder/GSE159676.csv"
out_gene_data_file = "./output/preprocess/3/Substance_Use_Disorder/gene_data/GSE159676.csv"
out_clinical_data_file = "./output/preprocess/3/Substance_Use_Disorder/clinical_data/GSE159676.csv"
json_path = "./output/preprocess/3/Substance_Use_Disorder/cohort_info.json"

# Get file paths
soft_file_path, matrix_file_path = geo_get_relevant_filepaths(in_cohort_dir)

# Get background info and clinical data
background_info, clinical_data = get_background_and_clinical_data(matrix_file_path)
print("Background Information:")
print(background_info)
print("\nSample Characteristics:")

# Get dictionary of unique values per row 
unique_values_dict = get_unique_values_by_row(clinical_data)
for row, values in unique_values_dict.items():
    print(f"\n{row}:")
    print(values)
# 1. Gene Expression Data Availability
# Based on background info mentioning "microarray experiments" and "Affymetrix Human Gene" array
is_gene_available = True

# 2.1 Data Availability & 2.2 Data Type Conversion
# Trait (Substance Use Disorder) can be inferred from alcohol-related liver disease
trait_row = 0  # Row containing condition information
age_row = None  # Age not available 
gender_row = None  # Gender not available

def convert_trait(x):
    # Extract value after colon and strip whitespace
    value = x.split(':', 1)[1].strip().lower()
    # Convert to binary - 1 for alcohol related, 0 for others
    if 'alcohol' in value:
        return 1
    elif value in ['liver tissue healthy', 'non alcoholic steatohepatitis', 
                   'primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'primary biliary cirrhosis',
                   'haemochromatosis', 'autoimmune hepatitis']:
        return 0
    return None

convert_age = None
convert_gender = None

# 3. Save Metadata
is_trait_available = trait_row is not None
validate_and_save_cohort_info(is_final=False, cohort=cohort, info_path=json_path,
                            is_gene_available=is_gene_available,
                            is_trait_available=is_trait_available)

# 4. Clinical Feature Extraction
if trait_row is not None:
    clinical_features = geo_select_clinical_features(
        clinical_df=clinical_data,
        trait=trait,
        trait_row=trait_row,
        convert_trait=convert_trait,
        age_row=age_row,
        convert_age=convert_age,
        gender_row=gender_row,
        convert_gender=convert_gender
    )
    
    # Preview the extracted features
    preview = preview_df(clinical_features)
    print("Preview of clinical features:")
    print(preview)
    
    # Save to CSV
    clinical_features.to_csv(out_clinical_data_file)
# Get gene expression data from matrix file
genetic_data = get_genetic_data(matrix_file_path)

# Examine data structure
print("Data structure and head:")
print(genetic_data.head())

print("\nShape:", genetic_data.shape)

print("\nFirst 20 row IDs (gene/probe identifiers):")
print(list(genetic_data.index)[:20])

# Get a few column names to verify sample IDs
print("\nFirst 5 column names:")
print(list(genetic_data.columns)[:5])
# Inspect the gene expression row identifiers
# The IDs (e.g. 7896754, 7896759) appear to be Illumina probe IDs 
# rather than human gene symbols like BRCA1, TP53 etc.
# Therefore we need to map these probe IDs to gene symbols
requires_gene_mapping = True
# Extract gene annotation data
gene_annotation = get_gene_annotation(soft_file_path)

# Preview column names and values from annotation dataframe
print("Gene annotation DataFrame preview:")
print(preview_df(gene_annotation))
# Get gene mapping dataframe using the 'ID' and 'gene_assignment' columns
mapping_data = get_gene_mapping(gene_annotation, 'ID', 'gene_assignment')

# Apply the gene mapping to convert probe-level data to gene-level data
gene_data = apply_gene_mapping(genetic_data, mapping_data)

# Preview results
print("\nShape of gene expression data:", gene_data.shape)
print("\nFirst few rows of gene expression data:")
print(gene_data.head())

# Save gene data
gene_data.to_csv(out_gene_data_file)
# 1. Normalize gene symbols in gene expression data
gene_data = normalize_gene_symbols_in_index(gene_data)
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(out_gene_data_file), exist_ok=True)
gene_data.to_csv(out_gene_data_file)
print("\nGene data shape (normalized gene-level):", gene_data.shape) 

# Load clinical data previously processed
selected_clinical_df = pd.read_csv(out_clinical_data_file, index_col=0)
print("\nClinical data shape:", selected_clinical_df.shape)

# 2. Link clinical and genetic data using normalized gene-level data
linked_data = geo_link_clinical_genetic_data(selected_clinical_df, gene_data)
print("\nLinked data shape:", linked_data.shape)

# 3. Handle missing values systematically  
if trait in linked_data.columns:
    linked_data = handle_missing_values(linked_data, trait)

    # 4. Check for bias in trait and demographic features
    trait_biased, linked_data = judge_and_remove_biased_features(linked_data, trait)

    # 5. Final validation and information saving
    note = "Data was successfully preprocessed from probe-level to gene-level expression using gene symbol normalization with NCBI Gene database."
    is_usable = validate_and_save_cohort_info(
        is_final=True,
        cohort=cohort, 
        info_path=json_path,
        is_gene_available=True,
        is_trait_available=True,
        is_biased=trait_biased,
        df=linked_data,
        note=note
    )

    # 6. Save linked data only if usable and not biased
    if is_usable and not trait_biased:
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(out_data_file), exist_ok=True)
        linked_data.to_csv(out_data_file)