Question: What is the average Electricity, heat, steam and cooling purchased for own use (Scope 2) for FY18 and FY19 for UK and Ireland only?

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    scope2_FY19 = 27_633
    scope2_FY18 = 32_389

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (scope2_FY19 + scope2_FY18) / 2

    return answer

|Emissions are summarised below, all reported as CO2 equivalent (‘CO2e’)||||
|||Emissions reported in tonnes CO2e*||
|Emissions from:|FY19**|FY18**|FY18***|
|Combustion of fuel and operation of facilities (Scope 1)|59,495|66,336|75,600|
|Electricity, heat, steam and cooling purchased for own use (Scope 2)|27,633|32,389|67,754|
|Total gross emissions (Scope 1 and 2)|87,128|98,725|143,354|
|Green tariff|-27,603|0|0|
|Total net emissions (Scope 1 and 2)|59,525|98,725|143,354|
|Ratio (KgCO2e per £1 sales revenue)|0.060|0.066|0.056|
 We measure and report our annual scope 1 & 2 GHG emissions. As part of our commitment to reduce our Greenhouse Gas (‘GHG’) emissions, we moved to a certified green tariff renewable electricity supply contract for
our UK operations from the beginning of the financial year. The GHG emissions summary below shows our gross emissions including location-based scope 2 emissions, as well as our net emissions accounting for the market-based scope 2 reporting for our certified green electricity tariff. The reduction in emissions is driven by continued progress in energy efficiency, a reduction in emissions associated with refrigerants as we continue to move away from fluorinated gas refrigerants, and the general reduction in UK grid carbon factor as more renewables make up a greater proportion of the fuel mix. Over the last six years, we have made good progress in our water consumption per tonne of product, reducing it by 15% over the period. There was also a significant improvement in FY19, and one of the contributing factors to the improvement was the closure of the Evercreech desserts facility which had a higher water intensity than most sites within the business. * Our GHG emissions have been calculated using the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, and emissions factors from DEFRA’s UK government GHG conversion factors for company reporting (where factors have not been provided directly by a supplier). ** UK & Ireland only – comparable with FY19 Group structure. *** Full Group including US business.


Question: what was the difference in operating profit margins as adjusted between 2016 and 2017? (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    operating_profit_margin_2017 = 15.7
    operating_profit_margin_2016 = 15.1

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = operating_profit_margin_2017 - operating_profit_margin_2016

    return answer

divestiture of our arrow and moores businesses , and an unfavorable sales mix of international plumbing products , which , in aggregate , decreased sales by two percent . net sales for 2016 were positively affected by increased sales volume of plumbing products , paints and other coating products and builders' hardware . net sales for 2016 were also positively affected by favorable sales mix of cabinets and windows , and net selling price increases of north american windows and north american and international plumbing products . net sales for 2016 were negatively affected by lower sales volume of cabinets and lower net selling prices of paints and other coating products . our gross profit margins were 32.2 percent , 34.2 percent and 33.4 percent in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . the 2018 gross profit margin was negatively impacted by an increase in commodity costs , the recognition of the inventory step up adjustment established as a part of the the acquisition of kichler , an increase in other expenses ( such as logistics costs and salaries ) and unfavorable sales mix . these negative impacts were partially offset by an increase in net selling prices , the benefits associated with cost savings initiatives , and increased sales volume . the 2017 gross profit margin was positively impacted by increased sales volume , a more favorable relationship between net selling prices and commodity costs , and cost savings initiatives . selling , general and administrative expenses as a percent of sales were 17.7 percent in 2018 compared with 18.6 percent in 2017 and 18.7 percent in 2016 . the decrease in selling , general and administrative expenses , as a percentage of sales , was driven by leverage of fixed expenses , due primarily to increased sales volume , and improved cost control . the following table reconciles reported operating profit to operating profit , as adjusted to exclude certain items , dollars in millions: .
||2018|2017|2016|
|Operating profit, as reported|$1,211|$1,194|$1,087|
|Rationalization charges|14|4|22|
|Kichler inventory step up adjustment|40|—|—|
|Operating profit, as adjusted|$1,265|$1,198|$1,109|
|Operating profit margins, as reported|14.5%|15.6%|14.8%|
|Operating profit margins, as adjusted|15.1%|15.7%|15.1%|
 operating profit margin in 2018 was negatively affected by an increase in commodity costs , the recognition of the inventory step up adjustment established as a part of the the acquisition of kichler and an increase in other expenses ( such as logistics costs , salaries and erp costs ) . these negative impacts were partially offset by increased net selling prices , benefits associated with cost savings initiatives and increased sales volume . operating profit margin in 2017 was positively impacted by increased sales volume , cost savings initiatives , and a more favorable relationship between net selling prices and commodity costs . operating profit margin in 2017 was negatively impacted by an increase in strategic growth investments and certain other expenses , including stock-based compensation , health insurance costs , trade show costs and increased head count . due to the recently-announced increase in tariffs on imported materials from china , and assuming tariffs rise to 25 percent in 2019 , we could be exposed to approximately $ 150 million of potential annual direct cost increases . we will work to mitigate the impact of these tariffs through a combination of price increases , supplier negotiations , supply chain repositioning and other internal productivity measures . other income ( expense ) , net other , net , for 2018 included $ 14 million of net periodic pension and post-retirement benefit cost and $ 8 million of realized foreign currency losses . these expenses were partially offset by $ 3 million of earnings related to equity method investments and $ 1 million related to distributions from private equity funds . other , net , for 2017 included $ 26 million related to periodic pension and post-retirement benefit costs , $ 13 million net loss related to the divestitures of moores and arrow and $ 2 million related to the impairment of a private equity fund , partially offset by $ 3 million related to distributions from private equity funds and $ 1 million of earnings related to equity method investments. .


Question: what is the percentage of decrease of long-term debt from 2007 to 2011? (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    long_term_debt_2007 = 1340
    long_term_debt_2011 = 607

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    decrease_in_debt = long_term_debt_2007 - long_term_debt_2011
    percentage_decrease = (decrease_in_debt / long_term_debt_2007) * 100

    return percentage_decrease

53management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in order to borrow funds under the 5-year credit facility , the company must be in compliance with various conditions , covenants and representations contained in the agreements . the company was in compliance with the terms of the 5-year credit facility at december 31 , 2006 . the company has never borrowed under its domestic revolving credit facilities . utilization of the non-u.s . credit facilities may also be dependent on the company's ability to meet certain conditions at the time a borrowing is requested . contractual obligations , guarantees , and other purchase commitments contractual obligations summarized in the table below are the company's obligations and commitments to make future payments under debt obligations ( assuming earliest possible exercise of put rights by holders ) , lease payment obligations , and purchase obligations as of december 31 , 2006 . payments due by period ( 1 ) ( in millions ) total 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 thereafter .
||Payments Due by Period(1)|
|(in millions)|Total|2007|2008|2009|2010|2011|Thereafter|
|Long-Term Debt Obligations|$4,134|$1,340|$198|$4|$534|$607|$1,451|
|Lease Obligations|2,328|351|281|209|178|158|1,151|
|Purchase Obligations|1,035|326|120|26|12|12|539|
|Total Contractual Obligations|$7,497|$2,017|$599|$239|$724|$777|$3,141|
 ( 1 ) amounts included represent firm , non-cancelable commitments . debt obligations : at december 31 , 2006 , the company's long-term debt obligations , including current maturities and unamortized discount and issue costs , totaled $ 4.1 billion , as compared to $ 4.0 billion at december 31 , 2005 . a table of all outstanding long-term debt securities can be found in note 4 , ""debt and credit facilities'' to the company's consolidated financial statements . lease obligations : the company owns most of its major facilities , but does lease certain office , factory and warehouse space , land , and information technology and other equipment under principally non-cancelable operating leases . at december 31 , 2006 , future minimum lease obligations , net of minimum sublease rentals , totaled $ 2.3 billion . rental expense , net of sublease income , was $ 241 million in 2006 , $ 250 million in 2005 and $ 205 million in 2004 . purchase obligations : the company has entered into agreements for the purchase of inventory , license of software , promotional agreements , and research and development agreements which are firm commitments and are not cancelable . the longest of these agreements extends through 2015 . total payments expected to be made under these agreements total $ 1.0 billion . commitments under other long-term agreements : the company has entered into certain long-term agreements to purchase software , components , supplies and materials from suppliers . most of the agreements extend for periods of one to three years ( three to five years for software ) . however , generally these agreements do not obligate the company to make any purchases , and many permit the company to terminate the agreement with advance notice ( usually ranging from 60 to 180 days ) . if the company were to terminate these agreements , it generally would be liable for certain termination charges , typically based on work performed and supplier on-hand inventory and raw materials attributable to canceled orders . the company's liability would only arise in the event it terminates the agreements for reasons other than ""cause.'' the company also enters into a number of arrangements for the sourcing of supplies and materials with minimum purchase commitments and take-or-pay obligations . the majority of the minimum purchase obligations under these contracts are over the life of the contract as opposed to a year-by-year take-or-pay . if these agreements were terminated at december 31 , 2006 , the company's obligation would not have been significant . the company does not anticipate the cancellation of any of these agreements in the future . subsequent to the end of 2006 , the company entered into take-or-pay arrangements with suppliers through may 2009 with minimum purchase obligations of $ 2.2 billion during that period . the company estimates purchases during that period that exceed the minimum obligations . the company outsources certain corporate functions , such as benefit administration and information technology-related services . these contracts are expected to expire in 2013 . the total remaining payments under these contracts are approximately $ 1.3 billion over the remaining seven years ; however , these contracts can be %%transmsg*** transmitting job : c11830 pcn : 055000000 *** %%pcmsg| |00030|yes|no|02/28/2007 13:05|0|1|page is valid , no graphics -- color : n| .


Question: What was the change in Capital redemption reserve in 2019 from 2018? (in million)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    capital_redemption_reserve_2019 = 0.7
    capital_redemption_reserve_2018 = 0.5

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = capital_redemption_reserve_2019 - capital_redemption_reserve_2018

    return answer

|||2019|2018|
||Note|£m|£m|
|Fixed assets||||
|Investments|3|1,216.0|1,212.9|
|||1,216.0|1,212.9|
|Current assets||||
|Debtors|4|415.9|440.7|
|Cash and cash equivalents|5|–|0.2|
|||415.9|440.9|
|Creditors: amounts falling due within one year|6|(411.4)|(288.4)|
|Net current assets||4.5|152.5|
|Net assets||1,220.5|1,365.4|
|Capital and reserves||||
|Called-up share capital|9|9.3|9.5|
|Own shares held|10|(16.5)|(16.9)|
|Capital redemption reserve||0.7|0.5|
|Retained earnings||1,227.0|1,372.3|
|Total equity||1,220.5|1,365.4|
 Company balance sheet At 31 March 2019 The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 6 June 2019 and authorised for issue.


Question: in 2018 what was the percent of the total commitments to extend credit and other commitments for home equity lines of credit (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    home_equity_lines_of_credit = 16944
    total_commitments = 181612

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (home_equity_lines_of_credit / total_commitments) * 100

    return answer

the pnc financial services group , inc . 2013 form 10-k 155 of such other legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial position . however , we cannot now determine whether or not any claims asserted against us or others to whom we may have indemnification obligations , whether in the proceedings or other matters described above or otherwise , will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any future reporting period , which will depend on , among other things , the amount of the loss resulting from the claim and the amount of income otherwise reported for the reporting period . note 20 commitments in the normal course of business , we have various commitments outstanding , certain of which are not included on our consolidated balance sheet . the following table presents our outstanding commitments to extend credit along with significant other commitments as of december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively . table 94 : commitments to extend credit and other commitments in millions december 31 december 31 .
|In millions|December 31 2018|December 312017|
|Commitments to extend credit|||
|Total commercial lending|$120,165|$112,125|
|Home equity lines of credit|16,944|17,852|
|Credit card|27,100|24,911|
|Other|5,069|4,753|
|Total commitments to extend credit|169,278|159,641|
|Net outstanding standby letters of credit (a)|8,655|8,651|
|Reinsurance agreements (b)|1,549|1,654|
|Standby bond purchase agreements (c)|1,000|843|
|Other commitments (d)|1,130|1,732|
|Total commitments to extend credit and other commitments|$181,612|$172,521|
 commitments to extend credit , or net unfunded loan commitments , represent arrangements to lend funds or provide liquidity subject to specified contractual conditions . these commitments generally have fixed expiration dates , may require payment of a fee , and generally contain termination clauses in the event the customer 2019s credit quality deteriorates . net outstanding standby letters of credit we issue standby letters of credit and share in the risk of standby letters of credit issued by other financial institutions , in each case to support obligations of our customers to third parties , such as insurance requirements and the facilitation of transactions involving capital markets product execution . approximately 91% ( 91 % ) of our net outstanding standby letters of credit were rated as pass at both december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , with the remainder rated as criticized . an internal credit rating of pass indicates the expected risk of loss is currently low , while a rating of criticized indicates a higher degree of risk . if the customer fails to meet its financial or performance obligation to the third party under the terms of the contract or there is a need to support a remarketing program , then upon a draw by a beneficiary , subject to the terms of the letter of credit , we would be obligated to make payment to them . the standby letters of credit outstanding on december 31 , 2018 had terms ranging from less than one year to six years . as of december 31 , 2018 , assets of $ 1.1 billion secured certain specifically identified standby letters of credit . in addition , a portion of the remaining standby letters of credit issued on behalf of specific customers is also secured by collateral or guarantees that secure the customers 2019 other obligations to us . the carrying amount of the liability for our obligations related to standby letters of credit and participations in standby letters of credit was $ .2 billion at december 31 , 2018 and is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. .


Question: What was the average Expected term (years) for 2017-2019?

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    term_2019 = 3.9
    term_2018 = 3.4
    term_2017 = 7.0

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (term_2019 + term_2018 + term_2017) / 3

    return answer

|||Fiscal Years||
||2019|2018|2017|
|Risk-free interest rate|2.8%|2.3%|1.9%|
|Expected term (years)|3.9|3.4|7.0|
|Expected volatility|51.9%|45.8%|32.3%|
|Target price|$53.87|$98.99|$67.39|
 Stock Options with Market-based Vesting Criteria We grant NQs that are subject to vesting only upon the market price of our underlying public stock closing above a certain price target withins even years of the date of grant. Share-based compensation expense is recognized regardless of the number of awards that are earned based on the market condition and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated service period of approximately three years. If the required service period is not met for these options, then the share-based compensation expense would be reversed. In the event that our common stock achieves the target price per share based on a 30-day trailing average prior to the end of the estimated service period, any remaining unamortized compensation cost will be recognized. Stock options with market-based vesting criteria granted for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 were 585,000, 325,000 and 320,000, respectively, at weighted average grant date fair values of $7.47, $15.52 and $13.18 per share, or total grant date fair value $2.4 million, $5.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively. These NQs with market-based vesting criteria were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The weighted average Monte Carlo input assumptions used for calculating the fair value of these market-based stock options are as follows: During our fiscal first quarter of 2019, we canceled 1,122,500 performance-based stock options with a concurrent grant of 748,328 PRSUs for 13 employees, which was accounted for as a modification. The incremental compensation cost resulting from the modification was $8.2 million, and was being recognized as share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of three years for the new PRSU awards. As a result of subsequent actions that resulted in forfeitures, the remaining compensation expense associated with this modification as of September 27, 2019 is $2.8 million.


Question: what is the growth rate in rent expense and certain office equipment expense in 2012 compare to 2011? (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    rent_expense_2011 = 154
    rent_expense_2012 = 133

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    difference = rent_expense_2012 - rent_expense_2011
    growth_rate = (difference / rent_expense_2011) * 100

    return growth_rate

to maturity at any time in whole or in part at the option of the company at a 201cmake-whole 201d redemption price . the 2017 notes were issued at a discount of $ 6 million , which is being amortized over their ten-year term . the company incurred approximately $ 4 million of debt issuance costs , which are being amortized over ten years . at december 31 , 2013 , $ 2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs was included in other assets on the consolidated statement of financial condition . 13 . commitments and contingencies operating lease commitments the company leases its primary office spaces under agreements that expire through 2035 . future minimum commitments under these operating leases are as follows : ( in millions ) .
|Year|Amount|
|2014|$135|
|2015|127|
|2016|110|
|2017|109|
|2018|106|
|Thereafter|699|
|Total|$1,286|
 rent expense and certain office equipment expense under agreements amounted to $ 137 million , $ 133 million and $ 154 million in 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively . investment commitments . at december 31 , 2013 , the company had $ 216 million of various capital commitments to fund sponsored investment funds , including funds of private equity funds , real estate funds , infrastructure funds , opportunistic funds and distressed credit funds . this amount excludes additional commitments made by consolidated funds of funds to underlying third-party funds as third-party noncontrolling interest holders have the legal obligation to fund the respective commitments of such funds of funds . generally , the timing of the funding of these commitments is unknown and the commitments are callable on demand at any time prior to the expiration of the commitment . these unfunded commitments are not recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition . these commitments do not include potential future commitments approved by the company , but which are not yet legally binding . the company intends to make additional capital commitments from time to time to fund additional investment products for , and with , its clients . contingencies contingent payments . the company acts as the portfolio manager in a series of credit default swap transactions and has a maximum potential exposure of $ 17 million under a credit default swap between the company and counterparty . see note 7 , derivatives and hedging , for further discussion . contingent payments related to business acquisitions . in connection with the credit suisse etf transaction , blackrock is required to make contingent payments annually to credit suisse , subject to achieving specified thresholds during a seven-year period , subsequent to the acquisition date . in addition , blackrock is required to make contingent payments related to the mgpa transaction during a five-year period , subject to achieving specified thresholds , subsequent to the acquisition date . the fair value of the contingent payments at december 31 , 2013 is not significant to the consolidated statement of financial condition and is included in other liabilities . legal proceedings . from time to time , blackrock receives subpoenas or other requests for information from various u.s . federal , state governmental and domestic and international regulatory authorities in connection with certain industry-wide or other investigations or proceedings . it is blackrock 2019s policy to cooperate fully with such inquiries . the company and certain of its subsidiaries have been named as defendants in various legal actions , including arbitrations and other litigation arising in connection with blackrock 2019s activities . additionally , certain blackrock- sponsored investment funds that the company manages are subject to lawsuits , any of which potentially could harm the investment returns of the applicable fund or result in the company being liable to the funds for any resulting damages . management , after consultation with legal counsel , currently does not anticipate that the aggregate liability , if any , arising out of regulatory matters or lawsuits will have a material effect on blackrock 2019s results of operations , financial position , or cash flows . however , there is no assurance as to whether any such pending or threatened matters will have a material effect on blackrock 2019s results of operations , financial position or cash flows in any future reporting period . due to uncertainties surrounding the outcome of these matters , management cannot reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may arise from these matters . indemnifications . in the ordinary course of business or in connection with certain acquisition agreements , blackrock enters into contracts pursuant to which it may agree to indemnify third parties in certain circumstances . the terms of these indemnities vary from contract to contract and the amount of indemnification liability , if any , cannot be determined or the likelihood of any liability is considered remote . consequently , no liability has been recorded on the consolidated statement of financial condition . in connection with securities lending transactions , blackrock has issued certain indemnifications to certain securities lending clients against potential loss resulting from a borrower 2019s failure to fulfill its obligations under the securities lending agreement should the value of the collateral pledged by the borrower at the time of default be insufficient to cover the borrower 2019s obligation under the securities lending agreement . at december 31 , 2013 , the company indemnified certain of its clients for their securities lending loan balances of approximately $ 118.3 billion . the company held as agent , cash and securities totaling $ 124.6 billion as collateral for indemnified securities on loan at december 31 , 2013 . the fair value of these indemnifications was not material at december 31 , 2013. .


Question: what were average backlog at year-end for mfc from 2013 to 2015 in millions? (in million)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    backlog_2015 = 15500
    backlog_2014 = 13300
    backlog_2013 = 14300
    years = 3

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (backlog_2015 + backlog_2014 + backlog_2013) / years

    return answer

backlog backlog decreased in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to sales being recognized on several multi-year programs ( such as hmsc , nisc iii , ciog and nsf asc ) related to prior year awards and a limited number of large new business awards . backlog decreased in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to lower customer funding levels and declining activities on direct warfighter support programs impacted by defense budget reductions . trends we expect is&gs 2019 2016 net sales to decline in the high-single digit percentage range as compared to 2015 , primarily driven by key loss contracts in an increasingly competitive environment , along with volume contraction on the segment 2019s major contracts . operating profit is expected to decline at a higher percentage range in 2016 , as compared to net sales percentage declines , driven by higher margin program losses and re-compete programs awarded at lower margins . accordingly , 2016 margins are expected to be lower than 2015 results . missiles and fire control our mfc business segment provides air and missile defense systems ; tactical missiles and air-to-ground precision strike weapon systems ; logistics ; fire control systems ; mission operations support , readiness , engineering support and integration services ; manned and unmanned ground vehicles ; and energy management solutions . mfc 2019s major programs include pac-3 , thaad , multiple launch rocket system , hellfire , jassm , javelin , apache , sniper ae , low altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night ( lantirn ae ) and sof clss . mfc 2019s operating results included the following ( in millions ) : .
||2015|2014|2013|
|Net sales|$6,770|$7,092|$6,795|
|Operating profit|1,282|1,344|1,379|
|Operating margins|18.9%|19.0%|20.3%|
|Backlog at year-end|$15,500|$13,300|$14,300|
 2015 compared to 2014 mfc 2019s net sales in 2015 decreased $ 322 million , or 5% ( 5 % ) , compared to the same period in 2014 . the decrease was attributable to lower net sales of approximately $ 345 million for air and missile defense programs due to fewer deliveries ( primarily pac-3 ) and lower volume ( primarily thaad ) ; and approximately $ 85 million for tactical missile programs due to fewer deliveries ( primarily guided multiple launch rocket system ( gmlrs ) ) and joint air-to-surface standoff missile , partially offset by increased deliveries for hellfire . these decreases were partially offset by higher net sales of approximately $ 55 million for energy solutions programs due to increased volume . mfc 2019s operating profit in 2015 decreased $ 62 million , or 5% ( 5 % ) , compared to 2014 . the decrease was attributable to lower operating profit of approximately $ 100 million for fire control programs due primarily to lower risk retirements ( primarily lantirn and sniper ) ; and approximately $ 65 million for tactical missile programs due to lower risk retirements ( primarily hellfire and gmlrs ) and fewer deliveries . these decreases were partially offset by higher operating profit of approximately $ 75 million for air and missile defense programs due to increased risk retirements ( primarily thaad ) . adjustments not related to volume , including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters , were approximately $ 60 million lower in 2015 compared to 2014 . 2014 compared to 2013 mfc 2019s net sales increased $ 297 million , or 4% ( 4 % ) , in 2014 as compared to 2013 . the increase was primarily attributable to higher net sales of approximately $ 180 million for air and missile defense programs primarily due to increased volume for thaad ; about $ 115 million for fire control programs due to increased deliveries ( including apache ) ; and about $ 125 million for various other programs due to increased volume . these increases were partially offset by lower net sales of approximately $ 115 million for tactical missile programs due to fewer deliveries ( primarily high mobility artillery rocket system and army tactical missile system ) . mfc 2019s operating profit decreased $ 35 million , or 3% ( 3 % ) , in 2014 as compared to 2013 . the decrease was primarily attributable to lower operating profit of about $ 20 million for tactical missile programs due to net warranty reserve adjustments for various programs ( including jassm and gmlrs ) and fewer deliveries ; and approximately $ 45 million for various other programs due to lower risk retirements . the decreases were offset by higher operating profit of approximately $ 20 million for air and missile defense programs due to increased volume ( primarily thaad and pac-3 ) ; and about .


Question: What was the percentage change in operating leases between 2024 and 2025? (in percent)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    operating_lease_2024 = 94
    operating_lease_2025 = 70

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = ((operating_lease_2025 - operating_lease_2024) / operating_lease_2024) * 100

    return answer

||Operating Leases|Finance Leases|
|2021|$138|$6|
|2022|135|6|
|2023|120|7|
|2024|94|7|
|2025|70|7|
|Thereafter|577|35|
|Total future minimum lease payments|1,134|68|
|Less: Imputed interest|(279)|(9)|
|Total lease liabilities(1)|$855|$59|
 The following represents VMware’s future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating and finance leases as of January 31, 2020 (table in millions): (1) Total lease liabilities as of January 31, 2020 excluded legally binding lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced of $361 million.


Question: What is the average Operating income for Fiscal 2018 and 2017? (in million)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    operating_income_2018 = 1111
    operating_income_2017 = 839

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (operating_income_2018 + operating_income_2017) / 2

    return answer

||Fiscal Year||Variance in||
|(In millions, except for percentages)|2018|2017|Dollar|Percent|
|Net revenues|$2,280|$1,664|$616|37%|
|Percentage of total net revenues|47%|41%|||
|Operating income|$1,111|$839|$272|32%|
|Operating margin|49%|50%|||
 Consumer Cyber Safety segment Revenue increased $616 million due to a $639 million increase in revenue from sales of our identity and information protection products acquired at the end of fiscal 2017, offset by a $23 million decrease in revenue related to our consumer security products. Our revenue growth reflects the benefit of the shift to subscription-based contracts and bundling of our consumer products, which is helping to mitigate the trend of declining revenues from sales of stand-alone security products. Operating income increased $272 million primarily due to sales of our identity and information protection products, partially offset by higher related cost of sales and operating expenses.


Question: what percentage of future minimum lease commitments at december 31 , 2006 for all operating leases that have a remaining term of more than one year are due in 2008? (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    total_commitments = 1.1 * 1000
    commitments_2008 = 254

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (commitments_2008 / total_commitments) * 100

    return answer

the defined benefit pension plans 2019 trust and $ 130 million to our retiree medical plans which will reduce our cash funding requirements for 2007 and 2008 . in 2007 , we expect to make no contributions to the defined benefit pension plans and expect to contribute $ 175 million to the retiree medical and life insurance plans , after giving consideration to the 2006 prepayments . the following benefit payments , which reflect expected future service , as appropriate , are expected to be paid : ( in millions ) pension benefits benefits .
|(In millions)|PensionBenefits|OtherBenefits|
|2007|$1,440|$260|
|2008|1,490|260|
|2009|1,540|270|
|2010|1,600|270|
|2011|1,660|270|
|Years 2012 – 2016|9,530|1,260|
 as noted previously , we also sponsor nonqualified defined benefit plans to provide benefits in excess of qualified plan limits . the aggregate liabilities for these plans at december 31 , 2006 were $ 641 million . the expense associated with these plans totaled $ 59 million in 2006 , $ 58 million in 2005 and $ 61 million in 2004 . we also sponsor a small number of foreign benefit plans . the liabilities and expenses associated with these plans are not material to our results of operations , financial position or cash flows . note 13 2013 leases our total rental expense under operating leases was $ 310 million , $ 324 million and $ 318 million for 2006 , 2005 and 2004 , respectively . future minimum lease commitments at december 31 , 2006 for all operating leases that have a remaining term of more than one year were $ 1.1 billion ( $ 288 million in 2007 , $ 254 million in 2008 , $ 211 million in 2009 , $ 153 million in 2010 , $ 118 million in 2011 and $ 121 million in later years ) . certain major plant facilities and equipment are furnished by the u.s . government under short-term or cancelable arrangements . note 14 2013 legal proceedings , commitments and contingencies we are a party to or have property subject to litigation and other proceedings , including matters arising under provisions relating to the protection of the environment . we believe the probability is remote that the outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the corporation as a whole . we cannot predict the outcome of legal proceedings with certainty . these matters include the following items , all of which have been previously reported : on march 27 , 2006 , we received a subpoena issued by a grand jury in the united states district court for the northern district of ohio . the subpoena requests documents related to our application for patents issued in the united states and the united kingdom relating to a missile detection and warning technology . we are cooperating with the government 2019s investigation . on february 6 , 2004 , we submitted a certified contract claim to the united states requesting contractual indemnity for remediation and litigation costs ( past and future ) related to our former facility in redlands , california . we submitted the claim consistent with a claim sponsorship agreement with the boeing company ( boeing ) , executed in 2001 , in boeing 2019s role as the prime contractor on the short range attack missile ( sram ) program . the contract for the sram program , which formed a significant portion of our work at the redlands facility , had special contractual indemnities from the u.s . air force , as authorized by public law 85-804 . on august 31 , 2004 , the united states denied the claim . our appeal of that decision is pending with the armed services board of contract appeals . on august 28 , 2003 , the department of justice ( the doj ) filed complaints in partial intervention in two lawsuits filed under the qui tam provisions of the civil false claims act in the united states district court for the western district of kentucky , united states ex rel . natural resources defense council , et al v . lockheed martin corporation , et al , and united states ex rel . john d . tillson v . lockheed martin energy systems , inc. , et al . the doj alleges that we committed violations of the resource conservation and recovery act at the paducah gaseous diffusion plant by not properly handling , storing .


Question: what was the percent of the benefit related to the effective settlement of tax audits recorded as part of the company recorded an income tax provision for 2007 (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    benefit_related_to_settlement = 41
    income_tax_provision_2007 = 415

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (benefit_related_to_settlement / income_tax_provision_2007) * 100

    return answer

settlements , and the expiration of statutes of limi- tation , the company currently estimates that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by up to $ 365 million during the next twelve months , with no significant impact on earnings or cash tax payments . while the company believes that it is adequately accrued for possible audit adjust- ments , the final resolution of these examinations cannot be determined at this time and could result in final settlements that differ from current estimates . the company recorded an income tax provision for 2007 of $ 415 million , including a $ 41 million benefit related to the effective settlement of tax audits , and $ 8 million of other tax benefits . excluding the impact of special items , the tax provision was $ 423 million , or 30% ( 30 % ) of pre-tax earnings before minority interest . the company recorded an income tax provision for 2006 of $ 1.9 billion , consisting of a $ 1.6 billion deferred tax provision ( principally reflecting deferred taxes on the 2006 transformation plan forestland sales ) and a $ 300 million current tax provision . the provision also includes an $ 11 million provision related to a special tax adjustment . excluding the impact of special items , the tax provision was $ 272 million , or 29% ( 29 % ) of pre-tax earnings before minority interest . the company recorded an income tax benefit for 2005 of $ 407 million , including a $ 454 million net tax benefit related to a special tax adjustment , consisting of a tax benefit of $ 627 million resulting from an agreement reached with the u.s . internal revenue service concerning the 1997 through 2000 u.s . federal income tax audit , a $ 142 million charge for deferred taxes related to earnings repatriations under the american jobs creation act of 2004 , and $ 31 million of other tax charges . excluding the impact of special items , the tax provision was $ 83 million , or 20% ( 20 % ) of pre-tax earnings before minority interest . international paper has non-u.s . net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $ 352 million that expire as follows : 2008 through 2017 2014 $ 14 million and indefinite carryforwards of $ 338 million . interna- tional paper has tax benefits from net operating loss carryforwards for state taxing jurisdictions of approximately $ 258 million that expire as follows : 2008 through 2017 2014$ 83 million and 2018 through 2027 2014$ 175 million . international paper also has federal , non-u.s . and state tax credit carryforwards that expire as follows : 2008 through 2017 2014 $ 67 million , 2018 through 2027 2014 $ 92 million , and indefinite carryforwards 2014 $ 316 million . further , international paper has state capital loss carryfor- wards that expire as follows : 2008 through 2017 2014 $ 9 million . deferred income taxes are not provided for tempo- rary differences of approximately $ 3.7 billion , $ 2.7 billion and $ 2.4 billion as of december 31 , 2007 , 2006 and 2005 , respectively , representing earnings of non-u.s . subsidiaries intended to be permanently reinvested . computation of the potential deferred tax liability associated with these undistributed earnings and other basis differences is not practicable . note 10 commitments and contingent liabilities certain property , machinery and equipment are leased under cancelable and non-cancelable agree- ments . unconditional purchase obligations have been entered into in the ordinary course of business , prin- cipally for capital projects and the purchase of cer- tain pulpwood , wood chips , raw materials , energy and services , including fiber supply agreements to purchase pulpwood that were entered into con- currently with the 2006 transformation plan forest- land sales ( see note 7 ) . at december 31 , 2007 , total future minimum commitments under existing non-cancelable operat- ing leases and purchase obligations were as follows : in millions 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 thereafter .
|<i>In millions</i>|2008|2009|2010|2011|2012|Thereafter|
|Lease obligations|$136|$116|$101|$84|$67|$92|
|Purchase obligations (a)|1,953|294|261|235|212|1,480|
|Total|$2,089|$410|$362|$319|$279|$1,572|
 ( a ) includes $ 2.1 billion relating to fiber supply agreements entered into at the time of the transformation plan forestland sales . rent expense was $ 168 million , $ 217 million and $ 216 million for 2007 , 2006 and 2005 , respectively . international paper entered into an agreement in 2000 to guarantee , for a fee , an unsecured con- tractual credit agreement between a financial institution and an unrelated third-party customer . in the fourth quarter of 2006 , the customer cancelled the agreement and paid the company a fee of $ 11 million , which is included in cost of products sold in the accompanying consolidated statement of oper- ations . the company has no future obligations under this agreement. .


Question: What was the average realized losses? (in thousand)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    realized_losses_2019 = -5062
    realized_losses_2018 = -6533
    realized_losses_2017 = -18494

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (realized_losses_2019 + realized_losses_2018 + realized_losses_2017) / 3

    return answer

|||Year Ended||
|||December 31,||
||2019|2018|2017|
||$|$|$|
|Realized gains (losses) on maturity and/or partial termination of cross currency swap|—|(42,271)|(25,733)|
|Realized losses|(5,062)|(6,533)|(18,494)|
|Unrealized (losses) gains|(13,239)|21,240|82,668|
|Total realized and unrealized (losses) gains on cross currency swaps|(18,301)|(27,564)|38,441|
 Realized and unrealized losses of the cross currency swaps are recognized in earnings and reported in foreign exchange (loss) gain in the consolidated statements of loss. The effect of the gains (losses) on cross currency swaps on the consolidated statements of loss is as follows: The Company is exposed to credit loss to the extent the fair value represents an asset in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to the foreign currency forward contracts, and cross currency and interest rate swap agreements; however, the Company does not anticipate non-performance by any of the counterparties. In order to minimize counterparty risk, the Company only enters into derivative transactions with counterparties that are rated A- or better by Standard & Poor’s or A3 or better by Moody’s at the time of the transaction. In addition, to the extent possible and practical, interest rate swaps are entered into with different counterparties to reduce concentration risk.


Question: what percent of the receivable balances in puerto rico as of december 31 , 2017 was current? (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    total_receivable = 86
    overdue = 53

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    current_receivable = total_receivable - overdue
    answer = (current_receivable / total_receivable) * 100

    return answer

the aes corporation notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) december 31 , 2017 , 2016 , and 2015 was dispatched starting in february 2018 . aes puerto rico continues to be the lowest cost and epa compliant energy provider in puerto rico . therefore , we expect aes puerto rico to continue to be a critical supplier to prepa . starting prior to the hurricanes , prepa has been facing economic challenges that could impact the company , and on july 2 , 2017 , filed for bankruptcy under title iii . as a result of the bankruptcy filing , aes puerto rico and aes ilumina 2019s non-recourse debt of $ 365 million and $ 36 million , respectively , is in default and has been classified as current as of december 31 , 2017 . in november 2017 , aes puerto rico signed a forbearance and standstill agreement with its lenders to prevent the lenders from taking any action against the company due to the default events . this agreement will expire on march 22 , 2018 . the company's receivable balances in puerto rico as of december 31 , 2017 totaled $ 86 million , of which $ 53 million was overdue . after the filing of title iii protection , and up until the disruption caused by the hurricanes , aes in puerto rico was collecting the overdue amounts from prepa in line with historic payment patterns . considering the information available as of the filing date , management believes the carrying amount of our assets in puerto rico of $ 627 million is recoverable as of december 31 , 2017 and no reserve on the receivables is required . foreign currency risks 2014 aes operates businesses in many foreign countries and such operations could be impacted by significant fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates . fluctuations in currency exchange rate between u.s . dollar and the following currencies could create significant fluctuations in earnings and cash flows : the argentine peso , the brazilian real , the dominican republic peso , the euro , the chilean peso , the colombian peso , and the philippine peso . concentrations 2014 due to the geographical diversity of its operations , the company does not have any significant concentration of customers or sources of fuel supply . several of the company's generation businesses rely on ppas with one or a limited number of customers for the majority of , and in some cases all of , the relevant businesses' output over the term of the ppas . however , no single customer accounted for 10% ( 10 % ) or more of total revenue in 2017 , 2016 or 2015 . the cash flows and results of operations of our businesses depend on the credit quality of our customers and the continued ability of our customers and suppliers to meet their obligations under ppas and fuel supply agreements . if a substantial portion of the company's long-term ppas and/or fuel supply were modified or terminated , the company would be adversely affected to the extent that it would be unable to replace such contracts at equally favorable terms . 26 . related party transactions certain of our businesses in panama and the dominican republic are partially owned by governments either directly or through state-owned institutions . in the ordinary course of business , these businesses enter into energy purchase and sale transactions , and transmission agreements with other state-owned institutions which are controlled by such governments . at two of our generation businesses in mexico , the offtakers exercise significant influence , but not control , through representation on these businesses' boards of directors . these offtakers are also required to hold a nominal ownership interest in such businesses . in chile , we provide capacity and energy under contractual arrangements to our investment which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting . additionally , the company provides certain support and management services to several of its affiliates under various agreements . the company's consolidated statements of operations included the following transactions with related parties for the periods indicated ( in millions ) : .
|Years Ended December 31,|2017|2016|2015|
|Revenue—Non-Regulated|$1,297|$1,100|$1,099|
|Cost of Sales—Non-Regulated|220|210|330|
|Interest income|8|4|25|
|Interest expense|36|39|33|
 .


Question: What is the total cost of revenue in both 2019 and 2018? (in thousand)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    cost_of_revenue_2019 = 48881
    cost_of_revenue_2018 = 51896

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = cost_of_revenue_2019 + cost_of_revenue_2018

    return answer

||Years Ended December 31,||Increase (Decrease)||
||2019|2018|Amount|Percent|
|Cost of revenue:|||||
|Products|$29,816|$34,066|$(4,250)|(12)%|
|Services|19,065|17,830|1,235|7%|
|Total cost of revenue|$48,881|$51,896|$(3,015)|(6)%|
 Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin Cost of revenue Cost of products revenue is primarily comprised of cost of third-party manufacturing services and cost of inventory for the hardware component of our products. Cost of products revenue also includes warehouse personnel costs, shipping costs, inventory write-downs, certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs, and expenses associated with logistics and quality control. Cost of services revenue is primarily comprised of personnel costs for our technical support, training and professional service teams. Cost of services revenue also includes the costs of inventory used to provide hardware replacements to end- customers under PCS contracts and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs. A summary of our cost of revenue is as follows (dollars in thousands):


Question: what is the average value for sales? (in million)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    sales_2009 = 3060
    sales_2008 = 3195
    sales_2007 = 3015

    # Do math calculation to get the answer (average sales value)
    answer = (sales_2009 + sales_2008 + sales_2007) / 3

    return answer

for uncoated freesheet paper and market pulp announced at the end of 2009 become effective . input costs are expected to be higher due to wood supply constraints at the kwidzyn mill and annual tariff increases on energy in russia . planned main- tenance outage costs are expected to be about flat , while operating costs should be favorable . asian printing papers net sales were approx- imately $ 50 million in 2009 compared with approx- imately $ 20 million in both 2008 and 2007 . operating earnings increased slightly in 2009 compared with 2008 , but were less than $ 1 million in all periods . u.s . market pulp net sales in 2009 totaled $ 575 million compared with $ 750 million in 2008 and $ 655 million in 2007 . operating earnings in 2009 were $ 140 million ( a loss of $ 71 million excluding alter- native fuel mixture credits and plant closure costs ) compared with a loss of $ 156 million ( a loss of $ 33 million excluding costs associated with the perma- nent shutdown of the bastrop mill ) in 2008 and earn- ings of $ 78 million in 2007 . sales volumes in 2009 decreased from 2008 levels due to weaker global demand . average sales price realizations were significantly lower as the decline in demand resulted in significant price declines for market pulp and smaller declines in fluff pulp . input costs for wood , energy and chemicals decreased , and freight costs were significantly lower . mill operating costs were favorable across all mills , and planned maintenance downtime costs were lower . lack-of-order downtime in 2009 increased to approx- imately 540000 tons , including 480000 tons related to the permanent shutdown of our bastrop mill in the fourth quarter of 2008 , compared with 135000 tons in 2008 . in the first quarter of 2010 , sales volumes are expected to increase slightly , reflecting improving customer demand for fluff pulp , offset by slightly seasonally weaker demand for softwood and hard- wood pulp in china . average sales price realizations are expected to improve , reflecting the realization of previously announced sales price increases for fluff pulp , hardwood pulp and softwood pulp . input costs are expected to increase for wood , energy and chemicals , and freight costs may also increase . planned maintenance downtime costs will be higher , but operating costs should be about flat . consumer packaging demand and pricing for consumer packaging prod- ucts correlate closely with consumer spending and general economic activity . in addition to prices and volumes , major factors affecting the profitability of consumer packaging are raw material and energy costs , freight costs , manufacturing efficiency and product mix . consumer packaging net sales in 2009 decreased 4% ( 4 % ) compared with 2008 and increased 1% ( 1 % ) compared with 2007 . operating profits increased significantly compared with both 2008 and 2007 . excluding alternative fuel mixture credits and facility closure costs , 2009 operating profits were sig- nificantly higher than 2008 and 57% ( 57 % ) higher than 2007 . benefits from higher average sales price realizations ( $ 114 million ) , lower raw material and energy costs ( $ 114 million ) , lower freight costs ( $ 21 million ) , lower costs associated with the reorganiza- tion of the shorewood business ( $ 23 million ) , favor- able foreign exchange effects ( $ 14 million ) and other items ( $ 12 million ) were partially offset by lower sales volumes and increased lack-of-order downtime ( $ 145 million ) and costs associated with the perma- nent shutdown of the franklin mill ( $ 67 million ) . additionally , operating profits in 2009 included $ 330 million of alternative fuel mixture credits . consumer packaging in millions 2009 2008 2007 .
|<i>In millions</i>|2009|2008|2007|
|Sales|$3,060|$3,195|$3,015|
|Operating Profit|433|17|112|
 north american consumer packaging net sales were $ 2.2 billion compared with $ 2.5 billion in 2008 and $ 2.4 billion in 2007 . operating earnings in 2009 were $ 343 million ( $ 87 million excluding alter- native fuel mixture credits and facility closure costs ) compared with $ 8 million ( $ 38 million excluding facility closure costs ) in 2008 and $ 70 million in 2007 . coated paperboard sales volumes were lower in 2009 compared with 2008 reflecting weaker market conditions . average sales price realizations were significantly higher , reflecting the full-year realization of price increases implemented in the second half of 2008 . raw material costs for wood , energy and chemicals were significantly lower in 2009 , while freight costs were also favorable . operating costs , however , were unfavorable and planned main- tenance downtime costs were higher . lack-of-order downtime increased to 300000 tons in 2009 from 15000 tons in 2008 due to weak demand . operating results in 2009 include income of $ 330 million for alternative fuel mixture credits and $ 67 million of expenses for shutdown costs for the franklin mill . foodservice sales volumes were lower in 2009 than in 2008 due to generally weak world-wide economic conditions . average sales price realizations were .


Question: what was the percent of minimum total assets available for default that was guaranty fund contributions ( 2 ) (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    guaranty_fund_contributions = 2899.5
    minimum_total_assets = 10973.1

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (guaranty_fund_contributions / minimum_total_assets) * 100

    return answer

2022 a financial safeguard package for cleared over-the-counter credit default swap contracts , and 2022 a financial safeguard package for cleared over-the-counter interest rate swap contracts . in the unlikely event of a payment default by a clearing firm , we would first apply assets of the defaulting clearing firm to satisfy its payment obligation . these assets include the defaulting firm 2019s guaranty fund contributions , performance bonds and any other available assets , such as assets required for membership and any associated trading rights . in addition , we would make a demand for payment pursuant to any applicable guarantee provided to us by the parent company of the clearing firm . thereafter , if the payment default remains unsatisfied , we would use the corporate contributions designated for the respective financial safeguard package . we would then use guaranty fund contributions of other clearing firms within the respective financial safeguard package and funds collected through an assessment against solvent clearing firms within the respective financial safeguard package to satisfy the deficit . we maintain a $ 5.0 billion 364-day multi-currency line of credit with a consortium of domestic and international banks to be used in certain situations by cme clearing . we have the option to request an increase in the line from $ 5.0 billion to $ 7.0 billion . we may use the proceeds to provide temporary liquidity in the unlikely event of a clearing firm default , in the event of a liquidity constraint or default by a depositary ( custodian of the collateral ) , or in the event of a temporary disruption with the payments systems that would delay payment of settlement variation between us and our clearing firms . the credit agreement requires us to pledge certain assets to the line of credit custodian prior to drawing on the line of credit . pledged assets may include clearing firm guaranty fund deposits held by us in the form of u.s . treasury or agency securities , as well as select money market mutual funds approved for our select interest earning facility ( ief ) programs . performance bond collateral of a defaulting clearing firm may also be used to secure a draw on the line . in addition to the 364-day multi- currency line of credit , we also have the option to use our $ 1.8 billion multi-currency revolving senior credit facility to provide liquidity for our clearing house in the unlikely event of default . aggregate performance bond deposits for clearing firms for all three cme financial safeguard packages was $ 86.8 billion , including $ 5.6 billion of cash performance bond deposits and $ 4.2 billion of letters of credit . a defaulting firm 2019s performance bond deposits can be used in the event of default of that clearing firm . the following shows the available assets at december 31 , 2012 in the event of a payment default by a clearing firm for the base financial safeguard package after first utilizing the defaulting firm 2019s available assets : ( in millions ) cme clearing available assets designated corporate contributions for futures and options ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . $ 100.0 guaranty fund contributions ( 2 ) . . . . . 2899.5 assessment powers ( 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 7973.6 minimum total assets available for default ( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10973.1 ( 1 ) cme clearing designates $ 100.0 million of corporate contributions to satisfy a clearing firm default in the event that the defaulting clearing firm 2019s guaranty contributions and performance bonds do not satisfy the deficit . ( 2 ) guaranty fund contributions of clearing firms include guaranty fund contributions required of clearing firms , but do not include any excess deposits held by us at the direction of clearing firms . ( 3 ) in the event of a clearing firm default , if a loss continues to exist after the utilization of the assets of the defaulted firm , our designated working capital and the non-defaulting clearing firms 2019 guaranty fund contributions , we have the right to assess all non-defaulting clearing members as defined in the rules governing the guaranty fund . ( 4 ) represents the aggregate minimum resources available to satisfy any obligations not met by a defaulting firm subsequent to the liquidation of the defaulting firm 2019s performance bond collateral. .
|(in millions)|CME ClearingAvailable Assets|
|Designated corporate contributions for futures and options(1)|$100.0|
|Guaranty fund contributions(2)|2,899.5|
|Assessment powers(3)|7,973.6|
|Minimum Total Assets Available for Default(4)|$10,973.1|
 2022 a financial safeguard package for cleared over-the-counter credit default swap contracts , and 2022 a financial safeguard package for cleared over-the-counter interest rate swap contracts . in the unlikely event of a payment default by a clearing firm , we would first apply assets of the defaulting clearing firm to satisfy its payment obligation . these assets include the defaulting firm 2019s guaranty fund contributions , performance bonds and any other available assets , such as assets required for membership and any associated trading rights . in addition , we would make a demand for payment pursuant to any applicable guarantee provided to us by the parent company of the clearing firm . thereafter , if the payment default remains unsatisfied , we would use the corporate contributions designated for the respective financial safeguard package . we would then use guaranty fund contributions of other clearing firms within the respective financial safeguard package and funds collected through an assessment against solvent clearing firms within the respective financial safeguard package to satisfy the deficit . we maintain a $ 5.0 billion 364-day multi-currency line of credit with a consortium of domestic and international banks to be used in certain situations by cme clearing . we have the option to request an increase in the line from $ 5.0 billion to $ 7.0 billion . we may use the proceeds to provide temporary liquidity in the unlikely event of a clearing firm default , in the event of a liquidity constraint or default by a depositary ( custodian of the collateral ) , or in the event of a temporary disruption with the payments systems that would delay payment of settlement variation between us and our clearing firms . the credit agreement requires us to pledge certain assets to the line of credit custodian prior to drawing on the line of credit . pledged assets may include clearing firm guaranty fund deposits held by us in the form of u.s . treasury or agency securities , as well as select money market mutual funds approved for our select interest earning facility ( ief ) programs . performance bond collateral of a defaulting clearing firm may also be used to secure a draw on the line . in addition to the 364-day multi- currency line of credit , we also have the option to use our $ 1.8 billion multi-currency revolving senior credit facility to provide liquidity for our clearing house in the unlikely event of default . aggregate performance bond deposits for clearing firms for all three cme financial safeguard packages was $ 86.8 billion , including $ 5.6 billion of cash performance bond deposits and $ 4.2 billion of letters of credit . a defaulting firm 2019s performance bond deposits can be used in the event of default of that clearing firm . the following shows the available assets at december 31 , 2012 in the event of a payment default by a clearing firm for the base financial safeguard package after first utilizing the defaulting firm 2019s available assets : ( in millions ) cme clearing available assets designated corporate contributions for futures and options ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . $ 100.0 guaranty fund contributions ( 2 ) . . . . . 2899.5 assessment powers ( 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 7973.6 minimum total assets available for default ( 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10973.1 ( 1 ) cme clearing designates $ 100.0 million of corporate contributions to satisfy a clearing firm default in the event that the defaulting clearing firm 2019s guaranty contributions and performance bonds do not satisfy the deficit . ( 2 ) guaranty fund contributions of clearing firms include guaranty fund contributions required of clearing firms , but do not include any excess deposits held by us at the direction of clearing firms . ( 3 ) in the event of a clearing firm default , if a loss continues to exist after the utilization of the assets of the defaulted firm , our designated working capital and the non-defaulting clearing firms 2019 guaranty fund contributions , we have the right to assess all non-defaulting clearing members as defined in the rules governing the guaranty fund . ( 4 ) represents the aggregate minimum resources available to satisfy any obligations not met by a defaulting firm subsequent to the liquidation of the defaulting firm 2019s performance bond collateral. .


Question: What was the percentage change in the Reductions related to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations between 2017 and 2018? (in percent)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    reductions_2017 = -1102
    reductions_2018 = -3144

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = (reductions_2018 - reductions_2017) / reductions_2017 * 100

    return answer

|||Years Ended December 31,||
||2019|2018|2017|
|Balance at beginning of period|$13,162|$15,990|$11,401|
|Additions based on tax positions taken during a prior period|484|94|1,258|
|Additions based on tax positions taken during a prior period - acquisitions|4,479|757|—|
|Additions based on tax positions taken during the current period|—|—|4,433|
|Reductions based on tax positions taken during a prior period|(4,295)|(153)|—|
|Reductions related to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations|(821)|(3,144)|(1,102)|
|Reductions related to a settlement with taxing authorities|—|(382)|—|
|Balance at end of period|$13,009|$13,162|$15,990|
 ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (continued) (in thousands, except per share amounts) We account for uncertain tax positions by applying a minimum recognition threshold to tax positions before recognizing these positions in the financial statements. The reconciliation of our total gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: The unrecognized tax benefits of $13.0 million, if recognized, will impact the Company’s effective tax rate. In accordance with our accounting policy, we recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense. We had $3.0 million and $1.2 million of accrued interest and penalties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We expect the total amount of tax contingencies will decrease by approximately $3.5 million in 2020 based on statute of limitation expiration. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal, state or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2016.


Question: what was the percentage change in the rental expense under operating leases from 2004 to 2005 (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    rental_expense_2004 = 318
    rental_expense_2005 = 324

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    difference = rental_expense_2005 - rental_expense_2004
    percentage_change = (difference / rental_expense_2004) * 100

    return percentage_change

the defined benefit pension plans 2019 trust and $ 130 million to our retiree medical plans which will reduce our cash funding requirements for 2007 and 2008 . in 2007 , we expect to make no contributions to the defined benefit pension plans and expect to contribute $ 175 million to the retiree medical and life insurance plans , after giving consideration to the 2006 prepayments . the following benefit payments , which reflect expected future service , as appropriate , are expected to be paid : ( in millions ) pension benefits benefits .
|(In millions)|PensionBenefits|OtherBenefits|
|2007|$1,440|$260|
|2008|1,490|260|
|2009|1,540|270|
|2010|1,600|270|
|2011|1,660|270|
|Years 2012 – 2016|9,530|1,260|
 as noted previously , we also sponsor nonqualified defined benefit plans to provide benefits in excess of qualified plan limits . the aggregate liabilities for these plans at december 31 , 2006 were $ 641 million . the expense associated with these plans totaled $ 59 million in 2006 , $ 58 million in 2005 and $ 61 million in 2004 . we also sponsor a small number of foreign benefit plans . the liabilities and expenses associated with these plans are not material to our results of operations , financial position or cash flows . note 13 2013 leases our total rental expense under operating leases was $ 310 million , $ 324 million and $ 318 million for 2006 , 2005 and 2004 , respectively . future minimum lease commitments at december 31 , 2006 for all operating leases that have a remaining term of more than one year were $ 1.1 billion ( $ 288 million in 2007 , $ 254 million in 2008 , $ 211 million in 2009 , $ 153 million in 2010 , $ 118 million in 2011 and $ 121 million in later years ) . certain major plant facilities and equipment are furnished by the u.s . government under short-term or cancelable arrangements . note 14 2013 legal proceedings , commitments and contingencies we are a party to or have property subject to litigation and other proceedings , including matters arising under provisions relating to the protection of the environment . we believe the probability is remote that the outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the corporation as a whole . we cannot predict the outcome of legal proceedings with certainty . these matters include the following items , all of which have been previously reported : on march 27 , 2006 , we received a subpoena issued by a grand jury in the united states district court for the northern district of ohio . the subpoena requests documents related to our application for patents issued in the united states and the united kingdom relating to a missile detection and warning technology . we are cooperating with the government 2019s investigation . on february 6 , 2004 , we submitted a certified contract claim to the united states requesting contractual indemnity for remediation and litigation costs ( past and future ) related to our former facility in redlands , california . we submitted the claim consistent with a claim sponsorship agreement with the boeing company ( boeing ) , executed in 2001 , in boeing 2019s role as the prime contractor on the short range attack missile ( sram ) program . the contract for the sram program , which formed a significant portion of our work at the redlands facility , had special contractual indemnities from the u.s . air force , as authorized by public law 85-804 . on august 31 , 2004 , the united states denied the claim . our appeal of that decision is pending with the armed services board of contract appeals . on august 28 , 2003 , the department of justice ( the doj ) filed complaints in partial intervention in two lawsuits filed under the qui tam provisions of the civil false claims act in the united states district court for the western district of kentucky , united states ex rel . natural resources defense council , et al v . lockheed martin corporation , et al , and united states ex rel . john d . tillson v . lockheed martin energy systems , inc. , et al . the doj alleges that we committed violations of the resource conservation and recovery act at the paducah gaseous diffusion plant by not properly handling , storing .


Question: what was the total of u.s . dollar notes issued in 2014 , in millions? (in million)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    us_dollar_notes_1 = 750
    us_dollar_notes_2 = 750
    us_dollar_notes_3 = 500

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = us_dollar_notes_1 + us_dollar_notes_2 + us_dollar_notes_3

    return answer

our debt issuances in 2014 were as follows : ( in millions ) type face value ( e ) interest rate issuance maturity euro notes ( a ) 20ac750 ( approximately $ 1029 ) 1.875% ( 1.875 % ) march 2014 march 2021 euro notes ( a ) 20ac1000 ( approximately $ 1372 ) 2.875% ( 2.875 % ) march 2014 march 2026 euro notes ( b ) 20ac500 ( approximately $ 697 ) 2.875% ( 2.875 % ) may 2014 may 2029 swiss franc notes ( c ) chf275 ( approximately $ 311 ) 0.750% ( 0.750 % ) may 2014 december 2019 swiss franc notes ( b ) chf250 ( approximately $ 283 ) 1.625% ( 1.625 % ) may 2014 may 2024 u.s . dollar notes ( d ) $ 500 1.250% ( 1.250 % ) november 2014 november 2017 u.s . dollar notes ( d ) $ 750 3.250% ( 3.250 % ) november 2014 november 2024 u.s . dollar notes ( d ) $ 750 4.250% ( 4.250 % ) november 2014 november 2044 ( a ) interest on these notes is payable annually in arrears beginning in march 2015 . ( b ) interest on these notes is payable annually in arrears beginning in may 2015 . ( c ) interest on these notes is payable annually in arrears beginning in december 2014 . ( d ) interest on these notes is payable semiannually in arrears beginning in may 2015 . ( e ) u.s . dollar equivalents for foreign currency notes were calculated based on exchange rates on the date of issuance . the net proceeds from the sale of the securities listed in the table above will be used for general corporate purposes . the weighted-average time to maturity of our long-term debt was 10.8 years at the end of 2013 and 2014 . 2022 off-balance sheet arrangements and aggregate contractual obligations we have no off-balance sheet arrangements , including special purpose entities , other than guarantees and contractual obligations discussed below . guarantees 2013 at december 31 , 2014 , we were contingently liable for $ 1.0 billion of guarantees of our own performance , which were primarily related to excise taxes on the shipment of our products . there is no liability in the consolidated financial statements associated with these guarantees . at december 31 , 2014 , our third-party guarantees were insignificant. .
|Type||Face Value(e)|Interest Rate|Issuance|Maturity|
|EURO notes|(a)|€750 (approximately $1,029)|1.875%|March 2014|March 2021|
|EURO notes|(a)|€1,000 (approximately $1,372)|2.875%|March 2014|March 2026|
|EURO notes|(b)|€500 (approximately $697)|2.875%|May 2014|May 2029|
|Swiss franc notes|(c)|CHF275 (approximately $311)|0.750%|May 2014|December 2019|
|Swiss franc notes|(b)|CHF250 (approximately $283)|1.625%|May 2014|May 2024|
|U.S. dollar notes|(d)|$500|1.250%|November 2014|November 2017|
|U.S. dollar notes|(d)|$750|3.250%|November 2014|November 2024|
|U.S. dollar notes|(d)|$750|4.250%|November 2014|November 2044|
 our debt issuances in 2014 were as follows : ( in millions ) type face value ( e ) interest rate issuance maturity euro notes ( a ) 20ac750 ( approximately $ 1029 ) 1.875% ( 1.875 % ) march 2014 march 2021 euro notes ( a ) 20ac1000 ( approximately $ 1372 ) 2.875% ( 2.875 % ) march 2014 march 2026 euro notes ( b ) 20ac500 ( approximately $ 697 ) 2.875% ( 2.875 % ) may 2014 may 2029 swiss franc notes ( c ) chf275 ( approximately $ 311 ) 0.750% ( 0.750 % ) may 2014 december 2019 swiss franc notes ( b ) chf250 ( approximately $ 283 ) 1.625% ( 1.625 % ) may 2014 may 2024 u.s . dollar notes ( d ) $ 500 1.250% ( 1.250 % ) november 2014 november 2017 u.s . dollar notes ( d ) $ 750 3.250% ( 3.250 % ) november 2014 november 2024 u.s . dollar notes ( d ) $ 750 4.250% ( 4.250 % ) november 2014 november 2044 ( a ) interest on these notes is payable annually in arrears beginning in march 2015 . ( b ) interest on these notes is payable annually in arrears beginning in may 2015 . ( c ) interest on these notes is payable annually in arrears beginning in december 2014 . ( d ) interest on these notes is payable semiannually in arrears beginning in may 2015 . ( e ) u.s . dollar equivalents for foreign currency notes were calculated based on exchange rates on the date of issuance . the net proceeds from the sale of the securities listed in the table above will be used for general corporate purposes . the weighted-average time to maturity of our long-term debt was 10.8 years at the end of 2013 and 2014 . 2022 off-balance sheet arrangements and aggregate contractual obligations we have no off-balance sheet arrangements , including special purpose entities , other than guarantees and contractual obligations discussed below . guarantees 2013 at december 31 , 2014 , we were contingently liable for $ 1.0 billion of guarantees of our own performance , which were primarily related to excise taxes on the shipment of our products . there is no liability in the consolidated financial statements associated with these guarantees . at december 31 , 2014 , our third-party guarantees were insignificant. .


Question: What was the % change in gains reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into revenue from 2017 to 2018? (in percent)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    gain_2017 = 555
    gain_2018 = 185

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = ((gain_2018 - gain_2017) / gain_2017) * 100

    return answer

|(In millions)||||
|Year Ended June 30,|2019|2018|2017|
|Effective Portion||||
|Gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $1, $11, and $4|$  159|$  219|$  328|
|Gains reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into revenue|341|185|555|
|Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Assessment and Ineffective Portion||||
|Losses recognized in other income (expense), net|(64)|(255)|(389)|
 Cash Flow Hedge Gains (Losses) We recognized the following gains (losses) on foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges: We do not have any net derivative gains included in AOCI as of June 30, 2019 that will be reclassified into earnings within the following 12 months. No significant amounts of gains (losses) were reclassified from AOCI into earnings as a result of forecasted transactions that failed to occur during fiscal year 2019.


Question: what is the fair value of hologic common stock used to acquire suros? (in dollars per share)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    common_stock_value = 106500
    shares_issued = 2300

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = common_stock_value / shares_issued

    return answer

hologic , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) ( in thousands , except per share data ) acquisition and the adjustments did not have a material impact on the company 2019s financial position or results of operation . there have no other material changes to the purchase price allocation as disclosed in the company 2019s form 10-k for the year ended september 30 , 2006 . as part of the purchase price allocation , all intangible assets that were a part of the acquisition were identified and valued . it was determined that only customer relationship , trade name , developed technology and know how and in-process research and development had separately identifiable values . customer relationship represents r2 2019s strong active customer base , dominant market position and strong partnership with several large companies . trade name represents the r2 product names that the company intends to continue to use . order backlog consists of customer orders for which revenue has not yet been recognized . developed technology and know how represents currently marketable purchased products that the company continues to resell as well as utilize to enhance and incorporate into the company 2019s existing products . the estimated $ 10200 of purchase price allocated to in-process research and development projects primarily related to r2 2019s digital cad products . the projects added direct digital algorithm capabilities as well as a new platform technology to analyze images and breast density measurement . the projects were substantially completed as planned in fiscal 2007 . the deferred income tax asset relates to the tax effect of acquired net operating loss carry forwards that the company believes are realizable partially offset by acquired identifiable intangible assets , and fair value adjustments to acquired inventory as such amounts are not deductible for tax purposes . acquisition of suros surgical systems , inc . on july 27 , 2006 , the company completed the acquisition of suros surgical systems , inc . ( suros ) , pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger dated april 17 , 2006 . the results of operations for suros have been included in the company 2019s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition as part of its mammography/breast care business segment . suros , located in indianapolis , indiana , develops , manufactures and sells minimally invasive interventional breast biopsy technology and products for biopsy , tissue removal and biopsy site marking . the initial aggregate purchase price for suros of approximately $ 248100 ( subject to adjustment ) consisted of 2300 shares of hologic common stock valued at $ 106500 , cash paid of $ 139000 , and approximately $ 2600 for acquisition related fees and expenses . the company determined the fair value of the shares issued in connection with the acquisition in accordance with eitf issue no . 99-12 , determination of the measurement date for the market price of acquirer securities issued in a purchase business combination . the components and allocation of the purchase price , consists of the following approximate amounts: .
|Net tangible assets acquired as of July 27, 2006|$11,800|
|In-process research and development|4,900|
|Developed technology and know how|46,000|
|Customer relationship|17,900|
|Trade name|5,800|
|Deferred income taxes|(21,300)|
|Goodwill|202,000|
|Estimated Purchase Price|$267,100|
 the acquisition also provides for a two-year earn out . the earn-out is payable in two annual cash installments equal to the incremental revenue growth in suros 2019 business in the two years following the closing. .


Question: What is the percentage change in Net cash used in investing activities between 2018 and 2019? (in percent)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    net_cash_investing_2019 = -97_727
    net_cash_investing_2018 = -20_876

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = ((net_cash_investing_2019 - net_cash_investing_2018) / net_cash_investing_2018) * 100

    return answer

|||Year Ended December 31,||
||2019|2018|2017|
|Net cash provided by operating activities|$115,549|$90,253|$67,510|
|Net cash used in investing activities|(97,727)|(20,876)|(36,666)|
|Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities|14,775|(278,016)|276,852|
 The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands): Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly influenced by our growth, ability to maintain our contractual billing and collection terms, and our investments in headcount and infrastructure to support anticipated growth. Given the seasonality and continued growth of our business, our cash flows from operations will vary from period to period. Cash provided by operating activities was $115.5 million in 2019, compared to $90.3 million in 2018. The increase in operating cash flow was primarily due to improved profitability, improved collections, and other working capital changes in 2019 when compared to 2018.


Question: what was the percentage change in capital expenditures for property , plant and equipment from 2008 to 2009? (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    capital_expenditures_2009 = 852
    capital_expenditures_2008 = 926

    # Calculate the percentage change in capital expenditures
    difference = capital_expenditures_2009 - capital_expenditures_2008
    percentage_change = (difference / capital_expenditures_2008) * 100

    return percentage_change

( in millions ) 2010 2009 2008 .
|<i>(In millions)</i>|2010|2009|2008|
|Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities|$3,547|$3,173|$4,421|
|Net Cash Used for Investing Activities|(319)|(1,518)|(907)|
|Net Cash Used for Financing Activities|(3,363)|(1,476)|(3,938)|
 operating activities net cash provided by operating activities increased by $ 374 million to $ 3547 million in 2010 as compared to 2009 . the increase primarily was attributable to an improvement in our operating working capital balances of $ 570 million as discussed below , and $ 187 million related to lower net income tax payments , as compared to 2009 . partially offsetting these improvements was a net reduction in cash from operations of $ 350 million related to our defined benefit pension plan . this reduction was the result of increased contributions to the pension trust of $ 758 million as compared to 2009 , partially offset by an increase in the cas costs recovered on our contracts . operating working capital accounts consists of receivables , inventories , accounts payable , and customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred . the improvement in cash provided by operating working capital was due to a decline in 2010 accounts receivable balances compared to 2009 , and an increase in 2010 customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred balances compared to 2009 . these improvements partially were offset by a decline in accounts payable balances in 2010 compared to 2009 . the decline in accounts receivable primarily was due to higher collections on various programs at electronic systems , is&gs , and space systems business areas . the increase in customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred primarily was attributable to an increase on government and commercial satellite programs at space systems and air mobility programs at aeronautics , partially offset by a decrease on various programs at electronic systems . the decrease in accounts payable was attributable to the timing of accounts payable activities across all segments . net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $ 1248 million to $ 3173 million in 2009 as compared to 2008 . the decline primarily was attributable to an increase in our contributions to the defined benefit pension plan of $ 1373 million as compared to 2008 and an increase in our operating working capital accounts of $ 147 million . partially offsetting these items was the impact of lower net income tax payments in 2009 as compared to 2008 in the amount of $ 319 million . the decline in cash provided by operating working capital primarily was due to growth of receivables on various programs in the ms2 and gt&l lines of business at electronic systems and an increase in inventories on combat aircraft programs at aeronautics , which partially were offset by increases in customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred on government satellite programs at space systems and the timing of accounts payable activities . investing activities capital expenditures 2013 the majority of our capital expenditures relate to facilities infrastructure and equipment that are incurred to support new and existing programs across all of our business segments . we also incur capital expenditures for it to support programs and general enterprise it infrastructure . capital expenditures for property , plant and equipment amounted to $ 820 million in 2010 , $ 852 million in 2009 , and $ 926 million in 2008 . we expect that our operating cash flows will continue to be sufficient to fund our annual capital expenditures over the next few years . acquisitions , divestitures and other activities 2013 acquisition activities include both the acquisition of businesses and investments in affiliates . amounts paid in 2010 of $ 148 million primarily related to investments in affiliates . we paid $ 435 million in 2009 for acquisition activities , compared with $ 233 million in 2008 . in 2010 , we received proceeds of $ 798 million from the sale of eig , net of $ 17 million in transaction costs ( see note 2 ) . there were no material divestiture activities in 2009 and 2008 . during 2010 , we increased our short-term investments by $ 171 million compared to an increase of $ 279 million in 2009 . financing activities share activity and dividends 2013 during 2010 , 2009 , and 2008 , we repurchased 33.0 million , 24.9 million , and 29.0 million shares of our common stock for $ 2483 million , $ 1851 million , and $ 2931 million . of the shares we repurchased in 2010 , 0.9 million shares for $ 63 million were repurchased in december but settled and were paid for in january 2011 . in october 2010 , our board of directors approved a new share repurchase program for the repurchase of our common stock from time-to-time , up to an authorized amount of $ 3.0 billion ( see note 12 ) . under the program , we have discretion to determine the dollar amount of shares to be repurchased and the timing of any repurchases in compliance with applicable law and regulation . we repurchased a total of 11.2 million shares under the program for $ 776 million , and as of december 31 , 2010 , there remained $ 2224 million available for additional share repurchases . in connection with their approval of the new share repurchase program , our board terminated our previous share repurchase program . cash received from the issuance of our common stock in connection with stock option exercises during 2010 , 2009 , and 2008 totaled $ 59 million , $ 40 million , and $ 250 million . those activities resulted in the issuance of 1.4 million shares , 1.0 million shares , and 4.7 million shares during the respective periods. .


Question: What is the percentage change in cash provided by financing activities between 2018 and 2019? (in percent)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    financing_cash_2019 = 5798
    financing_cash_2018 = 3624

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = ((financing_cash_2019 - financing_cash_2018) / financing_cash_2018) * 100

    return answer

|||Years Ended December 31,||
||2019|2018|2017|
|Cash (used in) provided by:||||
|Operating activities|$(426)|$(2,694)|$14,314|
|Investing activities|(251)|(6,876)|(5,142)|
|Financing activities|5,798|3,624|8,420|
|Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents|$5,121|$(5,946)|$17,592|
 Statements of Cash Flows The following table summarizes our cash flow related activities (in thousands):


Question: in 2017 what was the debt to equity based on the 2017 actual asset allocation (in percentage)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    debt = 70
    equity = 30

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = debt / equity

    return answer

republic services , inc . notes to consolidated financial statements 2014 ( continued ) we determine the discount rate used in the measurement of our obligations based on a model that matches the timing and amount of expected benefit payments to maturities of high quality bonds priced as of the plan measurement date . when that timing does not correspond to a published high-quality bond rate , our model uses an expected yield curve to determine an appropriate current discount rate . the yields on the bonds are used to derive a discount rate for the liability . the term of our obligation , based on the expected retirement dates of our workforce , is approximately seven years . in developing our expected rate of return assumption , we have evaluated the actual historical performance and long-term return projections of the plan assets , which give consideration to the asset mix and the anticipated timing of the plan outflows . we employ a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equity and fixed income investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for what we consider a prudent level of risk . the intent of this strategy is to minimize plan expenses by outperforming plan liabilities over the long run . risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities , plan funded status and our financial condition . the investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income investments . furthermore , equity investments are diversified across u.s . and non-u.s . stocks as well as growth , value , and small and large capitalizations . derivatives may be used to gain market exposure in an efficient and timely manner ; however , derivatives may not be used to leverage the portfolio beyond the market value of the underlying investments . investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through annual liability measurements , periodic asset and liability studies , and quarterly investment portfolio reviews . the following table summarizes our target asset allocation for 2017 and actual asset allocation as of december 31 , 2017 and 2016 for our plan : target allocation actual allocation actual allocation .
||TargetAssetAllocation|2017ActualAssetAllocation|2016ActualAssetAllocation|
|Debt securities|72%|70%|72%|
|Equity securities|28|30|28|
|Total|100%|100%|100%|
 for 2018 , the investment strategy for pension plan assets is to maintain a broadly diversified portfolio designed to achieve our target of an average long-term rate of return of 5.36% ( 5.36 % ) . while we believe we can achieve a long- term average return of 5.36% ( 5.36 % ) , we cannot be certain that the portfolio will perform to our expectations . assets are strategically allocated among debt and equity portfolios to achieve a diversification level that reduces fluctuations in investment returns . asset allocation target ranges and strategies are reviewed periodically with the assistance of an independent external consulting firm. .


Question: what is the average payment volume per transaction for jcb? (in billion)

def solution():
    # Define variables name and value
    payment_volume = 55
    transactions = 0.6

    # Do math calculation to get the answer
    answer = payment_volume / transactions

    return answer

largest operators of open-loop and closed-loop retail electronic payments networks the largest operators of open-loop and closed-loop retail electronic payments networks are visa , mastercard , american express , discover , jcb and diners club . with the exception of discover , which primarily operates in the united states , all of the other network operators can be considered multi- national or global providers of payments network services . based on payments volume , total volume , number of transactions and number of cards in circulation , visa is the largest retail electronic payments network in the world . the following chart compares our network with those of our major competitors for calendar year 2007 : company payments volume volume transactions cards ( billions ) ( billions ) ( billions ) ( millions ) visa inc. ( 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2457 $ 3822 50.3 1592 .
|Company|Payments Volume  (billions)|Total Volume  (billions)|Total Transactions  (billions)| Cards  (millions)|
|Visa Inc.(1)|$2,457|$3,822|50.3|1,592|
|MasterCard|1,697|2,276|27.0|916|
|American Express|637|647|5.0|86|
|Discover|102|119|1.6|57|
|JCB|55|61|0.6|58|
|Diners Club|29|30|0.2|7|
 ( 1 ) visa inc . figures as reported previously in our filings . source : the nilson report , issue 902 ( may 2008 ) and issue 903 ( may 2008 ) . note : visa inc . figures exclude visa europe . figures for competitors include their respective european operations . visa figures include visa , visa electron , and interlink brands . visa cards include plus proprietary cards , but proprietary plus cash volume is not included . domestic china figures are excluded . mastercard figures include pin-based debit card figures on mastercard cards , but not maestro or cirrus figures . china commercial funds transfers are excluded . american express and discover include business from third-party issuers . jcb figures are for april 2006 through march 2007 , but cards and outlets are as of september 2007 . jcb total transaction figures are estimates . our primary operations we generate revenue from the transaction processing services we offer to our customers . our customers deliver visa products and payment services to consumers and merchants based on the product platforms we define and manage . payments network management is a core part of our operations , as it ensures that our payments system provides a safe , efficient , consistent , and interoperable service to cardholders , merchants , and financial institutions worldwide . transaction processing services core processing services our core processing services involve the routing of payment information and related data to facilitate the authorization , clearing and settlement of transactions between visa issuers , which are the financial institutions that issue visa cards to cardholders , and acquirers , which are the financial institutions that offer visa network connectivity and payments acceptance services to merchants . in addition , we offer a range of value-added processing services to support our customers 2019 visa programs and to promote the growth and security of the visa payments network . authorization is the process of approving or declining a transaction before a purchase is finalized or cash is disbursed . clearing is the process of delivering final transaction data from an acquirer to an issuer for posting to the cardholder 2019s account , the calculation of certain fees and charges that apply to the issuer and acquirer involved in the transaction , and the conversion of transaction amounts to the .