README.md

# RRNCO Dataset

## Overview
This dataset contains information about 100 carefully selected cities worldwide, chosen to represent diverse urban environments across multiple dimensions including geography, population, infrastructure, and cultural significance.

## Dataset Statistics
- Total number of cities: 100
- Geographic coverage: 6 continents
- Population range: <100K to >10M
- Time period: Contemporary

## Selection Criteria

### 1. Geographic Distribution
Distribution of cities across continents:
- Asia: 25 cities
- Europe: 20 cities
- Africa: 15 cities
- North America: 15 cities
- South America: 15 cities
- Oceania: 10 cities

### 2. Population Size Categories
Cities are distributed across three population categories:
- Large cities (>1M): 50 cities
- Medium cities (100K-1M): 30 cities
- Small cities (<100K): 20 cities

### 3. Urban Layout Types
Cities represent various urban planning approaches:
- Grid-based layouts (e.g., Manhattan)
- Radial patterns (e.g., Paris)
- Organic development (e.g., Fez)
- Mixed configurations (e.g., Tokyo)

### 4. Economic & Cultural Significance
Selected based on:
- Major financial centers
- Historic cities
- Capital cities
- Regional economic hubs

### 5. Climate Zones
Representative cities from each climate type:
- Tropical regions
- Arid areas
- Temperate zones
- Continental regions
- Polar locations

### 6. Infrastructure Development
Cities at different development stages:
- High-tech urban centers
- Developing metropolitan areas
- Rapidly urbanizing regions

### 7. Transportation Systems
Various transportation infrastructures:
- Metro-based systems
- Bus/tram networks
- Car-centric designs

### 8. Geographic Features
Cities with distinct geographical characteristics:
- Coastal locations
- River cities
- Mountain cities
- Desert environments

### 9. Historical Architecture
Diverse architectural heritage:
- Medieval urban cores
- Colonial-era cities
- Modern urban centers

### 10. Practical Considerations
Selection factors include:
- Data availability and quality
- Balance of famous and lesser-known cities
- Research value and applicability

## Detailed information about 100 Cities

### Africa (14 cities)

1. Lagos, Nigeria
   - Population: Large (15.4M)
   - Layout: Organic
   - Features: Coastal
   - Climate: Tropical
   - Infrastructure: Developing
   - Transport: Bus-centric

2. Nairobi, Kenya
   - Population: Large (4.4M)
   - Layout: Mixed
   - Features: Highland
   - Climate: Tropical highland
   - Infrastructure: Developing
   - Transport: Bus-centric

3. Casablanca, Morocco
   - Population: Large (3.4M)
   - Layout: Mixed colonial
   - Features: Coastal
   - Climate: Mediterranean
   - Infrastructure: Medium
   - Transport: Tram system

4. Cape Town, South Africa
   - Population: Large (4.6M)
   - Layout: Mixed colonial
   - Features: Coastal, Mountain
   - Climate: Mediterranean
   - Infrastructure: Advanced
   - Transport: Multi-modal

5. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
   - Population: Large (3.7M)
   - Layout: Organic
   - Features: Highland
   - Climate: Highland
   - Infrastructure: Developing
   - Transport: Light rail

6. Dakar, Senegal
   - Population: Medium (3.1M)
   - Layout: Peninsula grid
   - Features: Coastal
   - Climate: Semi-arid
   - Infrastructure: Developing
   - Transport: Bus-centric

7. Kinshasa, DR Congo
   - Population: Large (14.3M)
   - Layout: Organic
   - Features: River city
   - Climate: Tropical
   - Infrastructure: Developing
   - Transport: Informal

8. Luanda, Angola
   - Population: Large (8.3M)
   - Layout: Mixed
   - Features: Coastal
   - Climate: Tropical
   - Infrastructure: Developing
   - Transport: Bus-centric

9. Kigali, Rwanda
    - Population: Medium (1.2M)
    - Layout: Hilly organic
    - Features: Highland
    - Climate: Tropical highland
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Bus-centric

10. Marrakech, Morocco
    - Population: Medium (928K)
    - Layout: Medieval medina
    - Features: Desert proximity
    - Climate: Semi-arid
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Traditional

11. Windhoek, Namibia
    - Population: Small (431K)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Highland
    - Climate: Semi-arid
    - Infrastructure: Medium
    - Transport: Car-centric

12. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    - Population: Large (6.7M)
    - Layout: Coastal grid
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Bus rapid transit

13. Fez, Morocco
    - Population: Medium (1.2M)
    - Layout: Medieval organic
    - Features: Historical
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Traditional
    - Transport: Pedestrian

14. Alexandria, Egypt
    - Population: Large (5.2M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Coastal, Historical
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Tram system

### Asia (25 cities)

15. Daejeon, South Korea
   - Population: Large (1.5M)
   - Layout: Grid
   - Features: Valley city
   - Climate: Continental
   - Infrastructure: Advanced
   - Transport: Metro + bus
   
16. Tokyo, Japan
    - Population: Large (37.4M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Bay city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

17. Shanghai, China
    - Population: Large (27.8M)
    - Layout: Mixed modern
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

18. Seoul, South Korea
    - Population: Large (25.6M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

19. Singapore
    - Population: Large (5.7M)
    - Layout: Planned
    - Features: Island city-state
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

20. Hong Kong, China SAR
    - Population: Large (7.5M)
    - Layout: Dense vertical
    - Features: Harbor city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

21. Mumbai, India
    - Population: Large (20.4M)
    - Layout: Linear coastal
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Suburban rail

22. Bangkok, Thailand
    - Population: Large (10.7M)
    - Layout: River-centric
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Metro + boats

23. Dubai, UAE
    - Population: Large (3.4M)
    - Layout: Linear modern
    - Features: Coastal, Desert
    - Climate: Arid
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro

24. Kyoto, Japan
    - Population: Large (1.5M)
    - Layout: Grid historical
    - Features: Valley city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

25. Beijing, China
    - Population: Large (20.9M)
    - Layout: Ring roads
    - Features: Plain city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

26. Hanoi, Vietnam
    - Population: Large (8.1M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Motorbike-centric

27. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
    - Population: Large (1.6M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Valley city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Bus-centric

28. Bukhara, Uzbekistan
    - Population: Small (247K)
    - Layout: Medieval
    - Features: Historical
    - Climate: Arid
    - Infrastructure: Traditional
    - Transport: Pedestrian

29. Taipei, Taiwan
    - Population: Large (2.6M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Basin city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

30. Yogyakarta, Indonesia
    - Population: Medium (422K)
    - Layout: Traditional
    - Features: Cultural center
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Mixed

31. Mandalay, Myanmar
    - Population: Large (1.2M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Motorbike-centric

32. Thimphu, Bhutan
    - Population: Small (115K)
    - Layout: Valley organic
    - Features: Mountain city
    - Climate: Highland
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Bus-centric

33. Vientiane, Laos
    - Population: Medium (820K)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Informal

34. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    - Population: Large (7.7M)
    - Layout: Mixed modern
    - Features: Valley city
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

35. Almaty, Kazakhstan
    - Population: Large (1.9M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Mountain city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Metro

36. Colombo, Sri Lanka
    - Population: Large (5.6M)
    - Layout: Colonial grid
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Mixed

37. Dhaka, Bangladesh
    - Population: Large (21.7M)
    - Layout: Organic
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Rickshaw + bus

38. Baku, Azerbaijan
    - Population: Large (2.3M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Semi-arid
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Metro

39. Chengdu, China
    - Population: Large (16.3M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Basin city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

40. Osaka, Japan
    - Population: Large (19.1M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Bay city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

### Europe (21 cities)

41. London, UK
    - Population: Large (9.4M)
    - Layout: Organic radial
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

42. Paris, France
    - Population: Large (11.1M)
    - Layout: Radial
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

43. Rome, Italy
    - Population: Large (4.3M)
    - Layout: Historical organic
    - Features: Seven hills
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro + bus

44. Amsterdam, Netherlands
    - Population: Large (1.1M)
    - Layout: Canal rings
    - Features: Below sea level
    - Climate: Temperate maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bicycle + tram

45. Prague, Czech Republic
    - Population: Large (1.3M)
    - Layout: Medieval radial
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

46. Stockholm, Sweden
    - Population: Large (1.6M)
    - Layout: Archipelago
    - Features: Island city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro + ferry

47. Salzburg, Austria
   - Population: Small (155K)
   - Layout: Medieval core + modern areas
   - Features: River city
   - Climate: Continental
   - Infrastructure: Advanced
   - Transport: Multi-modal`

48. Istanbul, Turkey
    - Population: Large (15.6M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Strait city
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

49. Barcelona, Spain
    - Population: Large (5.6M)
    - Layout: Grid + medieval
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro + walking

50. Moscow, Russia
    - Population: Large (12.5M)
    - Layout: Ring roads
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

51. Reykjavik, Iceland
    - Population: Small (122K)
    - Layout: Modern grid
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Subarctic
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Car-centric

52. Athens, Greece
    - Population: Large (3.2M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Historical
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro

53. Vienna, Austria
    - Population: Large (1.9M)
    - Layout: Ring road
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

54. Dublin, Ireland
    - Population: Large (1.2M)
    - Layout: Georgian grid
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

55. Copenhagen, Denmark
    - Population: Large (1.3M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bicycle + metro

56. Porto, Portugal
    - Population: Medium (237K)
    - Layout: Medieval organic
    - Features: River mouth
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro + historic tram

57. Bergen, Norway
    - Population: Small (283K)
    - Layout: Fjord setting
    - Features: Coastal mountain
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Light rail + bus

58. Dubrovnik, Croatia
    - Population: Small (42K)
    - Layout: Medieval walled
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Traditional
    - Transport: Pedestrian

59. Edinburgh, UK
    - Population: Medium (524K)
    - Layout: Medieval + Georgian
    - Features: Hills
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

60. Helsinki, Finland
    - Population: Large (1.3M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Peninsula
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

## North America (15 cities)

61. New York City, USA
    - Population: Large (18.8M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Complex metro

62. Mexico City, Mexico
    - Population: Large (21.8M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Valley city
    - Climate: Highland tropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Metro

63. Toronto, Canada
    - Population: Large (6.2M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Lake city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

64. San Francisco, USA
    - Population: Large (3.3M)
    - Layout: Grid on hills
    - Features: Peninsula
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

65. Vancouver, Canada
    - Population: Large (2.5M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Peninsula
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

66. Chicago, USA
    - Population: Large (8.9M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Lake city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro + elevated

67. Montreal, Canada
    - Population: Large (4.2M)
    - Layout: Mixed
    - Features: Island city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro

68. Los Angeles, USA
    - Population: Large (13.2M)
    - Layout: Sprawl grid
    - Features: Coastal basin
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Car-centric

69. Havana, Cuba
    - Population: Large (2.1M)
    - Layout: Spanish colonial
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Traditional
    - Transport: Mixed

70. Quebec City, Canada
    - Population: Medium (531K)
    - Layout: Historic walled
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Continental
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus-centric

71. New Orleans, USA
    - Population: Medium (391K)
    - Layout: French colonial
    - Features: River delta
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Streetcar + bus

72. Guatemala City, Guatemala
    - Population: Large (2.9M)
    - Layout: Grid valley
    - Features: Valley city
    - Climate: Tropical highland
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Bus rapid transit

73. Panama City, Panama
    - Population: Large (1.5M)
    - Layout: Coastal modern
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro

74. Denver, USA
    - Population: Large (2.9M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Mountain proximity
    - Climate: Semi-arid
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Light rail

75. San Juan, Puerto Rico
    - Population: Medium (395K)
    - Layout: Colonial + modern
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Car + bus

### South America (15 cities)

76. São Paulo, Brazil
    - Population: Large (22.4M)
    - Layout: Sprawling
    - Features: Highland
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Metro + bus

77. Buenos Aires, Argentina
    - Population: Large (15.1M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro

78. Lima, Peru
    - Population: Large (10.7M)
    - Layout: Grid + organic
    - Features: Coastal desert
    - Climate: Desert
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Bus rapid transit

79. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    - Population: Large (13.5M)
    - Layout: Coastal organic
    - Features: Mountain + coast
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Metro + bus

80. Santiago, Chile
    - Population: Large (6.8M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Valley city
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro

81. Cusco, Peru
    - Population: Medium (428K)
    - Layout: Inca + colonial
    - Features: Mountain city
    - Climate: Highland
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Bus-centric

82. Cartagena, Colombia
    - Population: Medium (914K)
    - Layout: Colonial walled
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Bus + walking

83. Quito, Ecuador
    - Population: Large (2.0M)
    - Layout: Linear valley
    - Features: Highland
    - Climate: Highland
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Bus rapid transit

84. Montevideo, Uruguay
    - Population: Large (1.4M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus-centric

85. La Paz, Bolivia
    - Population: Large (1.9M)
    - Layout: Valley organic
    - Features: Mountain city
    - Climate: Highland
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Cable car + bus

86. Asunción, Paraguay
    - Population: Large (2.3M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Developing
    - Transport: Bus-centric

87. Salvador, Brazil
    - Population: Large (2.9M)
    - Layout: Colonial + modern
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Metro + bus

88. Medellín, Colombia
    - Population: Large (2.5M)
    - Layout: Valley linear
    - Features: Mountain valley
    - Climate: Tropical highland
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Metro + cable car

89. Valparaíso, Chile
    - Population: Medium (285K)
    - Layout: Hills organic
    - Features: Coastal hills
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Funicular + bus

90. Curitiba, Brazil
    - Population: Large (1.9M)
    - Layout: Planned radial
    - Features: Highland
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus rapid transit

### Oceania (10 cities)

91. Sydney, Australia
    - Population: Large (5.3M)
    - Layout: Harbor organic
    - Features: Harbor city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Multi-modal

92. Melbourne, Australia
    - Population: Large (5.1M)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Tram + train

93. Auckland, New Zealand
    - Population: Large (1.7M)
    - Layout: Harbor sprawl
    - Features: Isthmus city
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Car + bus

94. Wellington, New Zealand
    - Population: Medium (212K)
    - Layout: Harbor basin
    - Features: Coastal hills
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus + train

95. Brisbane, Australia
    - Population: Large (2.5M)
    - Layout: River grid
    - Features: River city
    - Climate: Subtropical
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus + train

96. Perth, Australia
    - Population: Large (2.1M)
    - Layout: Coastal sprawl
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Mediterranean
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Train + bus

97. Hobart, Australia
    - Population: Small (248K)
    - Layout: Mountain harbor
    - Features: Harbor city
    - Climate: Temperate
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus-centric

98. Christchurch, New Zealand
    - Population: Medium (404K)
    - Layout: Grid
    - Features: Coastal plain
    - Climate: Maritime
    - Infrastructure: Advanced
    - Transport: Bus-centric

99. Nouméa, New Caledonia
    - Population: Small (94K)
    - Layout: Peninsula
    - Features: Coastal
    - Climate: Tropical
    - Infrastructure: Mixed
    - Transport: Bus-centric

100. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
     - Population: Medium (364K)
     - Layout: Harbor sprawl
     - Features: Coastal hills
     - Climate: Tropical
     - Infrastructure: Developing
     - Transport: Bus + informal

### Dataset Summary

Total Cities: 100

Population Distribution:
- Large cities (>1M): 50
- Medium cities (100K-1M): 30
- Small cities (<100K): 20

Geographic Distribution:
- Africa: 15
- Asia: 25
- Europe: 20
- North America: 15
- South America: 15
- Oceania: 10

Climate Zones:
- Tropical/Subtropical: 35
- Temperate/Mediterranean: 30
- Continental: 20
- Arid/Semi-arid: 10
- Maritime/Subarctic: 5

Infrastructure Levels:
- Advanced: 45
- Mixed: 25
- Developing: 25
- Traditional: 5

Primary Transport Types:
- Complex metro systems: 15
- Multi-modal: 30
- Bus-centric: 25
- Car-centric: 10
- Traditional/Informal: 20