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[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1762–1787", "fc": "Robert Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-blake-38" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

[]

{ "id": 5, "meta": { "type": "art.Classification" } }

[ { "archiveItemCount": 1792, "id": 92, "level": 2, "name": "actions: postures and motions", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 7319 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 95, "level": 2, "name": "adults", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 20120 }, { "archiveItemCount": 100, "id": 1050, "level": 3, "name": "arm / arms raised", "parent_id": 92, "workCount": 739 }, { "archiveItemCount": 21, "id": 5734, "level": 3, "name": "blessing", "parent_id": 5731, "workCount": 15 }, { "archiveItemCount": 50, "id": 272, "level": 3, "name": "kneeling", "parent_id": 92, "workCount": 452 }, { "archiveItemCount": 1455, "id": 195, "level": 3, "name": "man", "parent_id": 95, "workCount": 8998 }, { "archiveItemCount": 124, "id": 1134, "level": 3, "name": "man, old", "parent_id": 95, "workCount": 249 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 91, "level": 1, "name": "people", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 22072 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 132, "level": 1, "name": "religion and belief", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 2443 }, { "archiveItemCount": 811, "id": 694, "level": 3, "name": "sitting", "parent_id": 92, "workCount": 2536 }, { "archiveItemCount": 178, "id": 5731, "level": 2, "name": "universal religious imagery", "parent_id": 132, "workCount": 681 } ]

[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "6 December 2004 – 15 August 2005", "endDate": "2005-08-15", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": null, "endDate": null, "id": 2131, "startDate": null, "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 1948, "startDate": "2004-12-06", "title": "Blake and Jerusalem", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-a-figure-bowing-before-a-seated-old-man-with-his-arm-outstretched-in-benediction-a00001\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00001</span></a> <b>A Figure Bowing Before a Seated Old Man with his Arm Outstretched in Benediction</b> (recto)\n<br/><b>Indecipherable Sketch</b> (verso)\n<br/></p>\n<p><span>A00001</span> / B R9\n<br/>Recto: pen, wash, black chalk and pencil; Verso: pencil; on paper 393×422 (15 7/8×16 15/16); the paper has been cut irregularly at the left, narrowing to 220 (8 3/4) and, before starting the drawing, the artist added 90 (3 1/4) at the right Presented by Mrs John Richmond 1922\n<br/>PROVENANCE Mrs Blake; Frederick Tatham; his brother-in-law George Richmond, sold Christie's 29 April 1897 (in 147 with 22 other items; see <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-st-christopher-copy-from-an-engraving-verso-part-of-a-face-copy-from-a-plaster-cast-a00045\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00045</span></a>) £2.10.0.bt Dr Richard Sisley; his daughter Mrs John Richmond\n<br/>LITERATURE Butlin 1981, p.623 no.R9, pls.1189 and 1190\n<br/></p>\n<p>The attribution to Robert Blake was made by Sir Geofrey Keynes in a letter of 23 October 1926. The fragment on the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/r/recto-verso\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Recto / Verso'\"><span>recto</span></a> is close in style and general arrangement to ‘A Druid Ceremony’ in the Keynes collection (Butlin 1981, no.R3, pl.1182). The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a> has been cut roughly to follow the back of the stooping figure on the left, then diagonally up towards the upper edge; there was originally at least one standing figure behind the stooping one.\n<br/>\n<br/>This work was formerly inventoried by the Tate Gallery as no.3694 ii.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "arm / arms raised", "blessing", "kneeling", "man", "man, old", "people", "religion and belief", "sitting", "universal religious imagery" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1762–1787", "fc": "Robert Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-blake-38" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

[]

{ "id": 5, "meta": { "type": "art.Classification" } }

[ { "archiveItemCount": 413, "id": 177, "level": 2, "name": "actions: expressive", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 2209 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 95, "level": 2, "name": "adults", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 20120 }, { "archiveItemCount": 10, "id": 273, "level": 3, "name": "comforting", "parent_id": 177, "workCount": 66 }, { "archiveItemCount": 38, "id": 544, "level": 3, "name": "embracing", "parent_id": 177, "workCount": 391 }, { "archiveItemCount": 3337, "id": 31, "level": 2, "name": "emotions and human qualities", "parent_id": 29, "workCount": 2008 }, { "archiveItemCount": 5302, "id": 29, "level": 1, "name": "emotions, concepts and ideas", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 11114 }, { "archiveItemCount": 158, "id": 2815, "level": 3, "name": "fear", "parent_id": 31, "workCount": 104 }, { "archiveItemCount": 454, "id": 451, "level": 3, "name": "figure", "parent_id": 95, "workCount": 6355 }, { "archiveItemCount": 291, "id": 799, "level": 3, "name": "group", "parent_id": 97, "workCount": 3936 }, { "archiveItemCount": 415, "id": 97, "level": 2, "name": "groups", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 4741 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 91, "level": 1, "name": "people", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 22072 }, { "archiveItemCount": 1, "id": 2653, "level": 3, "name": "recoiling", "parent_id": 177, "workCount": 64 } ]

[]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-two-drawings-of-frightened-figures-probably-for-the-approach-of-doom-a00002\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00002</span></a> <b>Two Groups of Frightened Figures, Probably for ‘The Approach of Doom’</b>\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00002 / B R7\n<br/>Pencil, each approx. 95×55 (3 5/8×2 1/4), on paper, cut irregularly, 311×212 (12 1/4×8 5/16); the paper has been folded horizontally between the two drawings\n<br/>Presented by Mrs John Richmond 1922\n<br/>PROVENANCE Mrs Blake; Frederick Tatham; his brother-in-law George Richmond, sold Christie's 29 April 1897 (in 147 with 22 other items; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-st-christopher-copy-from-an-engraving-verso-part-of-a-face-copy-from-a-plaster-cast-a00045\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00045</span></a>) £2.10.0 bt Dr Richard Sisley; his daughter Mrs John Richmond\n<br/>LITERATURE Butlin 1981, pp.622–3 no.R7, pl.1178\n<br/></p>\n<p>Two <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawings</span></a> of a group of three frightened figures. In the lower drawing the position of the head of the left-hand figure has been altered or an additional head added to enlarge the group to four.\n<br/>\n<br/>A similar group, though more extended, appears in the more finished pen and wash drawing known as ‘The Approach of Doom’ (Butlin 1981, no.R2, pl.1181). The Tate's drawing is presumably the first stage in the evolution of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a>.\n<br/>\n<br/>This work was formerly inventoried by the Tate Gallery as no.3694 ix.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "adults", "comforting", "embracing", "emotions and human qualities", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "fear", "figure", "group", "groups", "people", "recoiling" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1762–1787", "fc": "Robert Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-blake-38" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

[]

{ "id": 5, "meta": { "type": "art.Classification" } }

[ { "archiveItemCount": 1792, "id": 92, "level": 2, "name": "actions: postures and motions", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 7319 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 95, "level": 2, "name": "adults", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 20120 }, { "archiveItemCount": 100, "id": 1050, "level": 3, "name": "arm / arms raised", "parent_id": 92, "workCount": 739 }, { "archiveItemCount": 291, "id": 799, "level": 3, "name": "group", "parent_id": 97, "workCount": 3936 }, { "archiveItemCount": 415, "id": 97, "level": 2, "name": "groups", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 4741 }, { "archiveItemCount": 1455, "id": 195, "level": 3, "name": "man", "parent_id": 95, "workCount": 8998 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 91, "level": 1, "name": "people", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 22072 }, { "archiveItemCount": 3, "id": 12297, "level": 3, "name": "preaching", "parent_id": 120, "workCount": 19 }, { "archiveItemCount": 133, "id": 120, "level": 2, "name": "religious", "parent_id": 116, "workCount": 275 }, { "archiveItemCount": 644, "id": 270, "level": 3, "name": "standing", "parent_id": 92, "workCount": 2462 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 116, "level": 1, "name": "work and occupations", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 5453 } ]

[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "6 December 2004 – 15 August 2005", "endDate": "2005-08-15", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": null, "endDate": null, "id": 2131, "startDate": null, "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 1948, "startDate": "2004-12-06", "title": "Blake and Jerusalem", "type": "Collection based display" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "id": 9528, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 7824, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "11 September 2019 – 2 February 2020", "endDate": "2020-02-02", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "11 September 2019 – 2 February 2020", "endDate": "2020-02-02", "id": 12230, "startDate": "2019-09-11", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 10072, "startDate": "2019-09-11", "title": "William Blake: The Artist", "type": "Exhibition" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "29 October 2024 – 30 September 2025", "endDate": "2025-09-30", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "30 October 2024 – 2 February 2025", "endDate": "2025-02-02", "id": 16130, "startDate": "2024-10-30", "venueName": "Reggia di Venaria Reale (Turin, Italy)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null }, { "dateText": "1 September 2025 – 31 January 2026", "endDate": "2026-01-31", "id": 16165, "startDate": "2025-09-01", "venueName": "Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest, Hungary)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null }, { "dateText": "1 March 2026 – 31 August 2026", "endDate": "2026-08-31", "id": 16131, "startDate": "2026-03-01", "venueName": "External", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 11758, "startDate": "2024-10-29", "title": "William Blake and the Age of Romantic Fantasy: British Art & Imagination", "type": "Loan-out" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<div class=\"text\">\n<p>Blake’s younger brother Robert also aspired to be an artist, and probably attended the Royal Academy schools as well. Very few of his drawings are known. However, this design suggests a similar interest in big gestures and simplified compositions.</p>\n</div>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2019-10-04T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-preaching-of-warning-verso-an-old-man-enthroned-between-two-groups-of-figures-by-a00003\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00003</span></a> <b>The Preaching of Warning</b> (recto)\n<br/>Possibly by William Blake: <b>An Old Man Enthroned between Two Groups of Figures</b> (verso)\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00003 / B R6\n<br/>Pencil 342×466 (13 5/16×18 3/4)\n<br/>Inscribed on recto by Frederick Tatham ‘These sublime lines by William Blake - The preaching of warning - vouched by Fred^k. Tatham’ b.r.\n<br/>Presented by Mrs John Richmond 1922\n<br/>PROVENANCE Mrs Blake; Frederick Tatham; his brother-in-law George Richmond, sold Christie's 29 April 1897 (in 147 with 22 other items; see no.2) £2.10.0 bt Dr Richard Sisley; his daughter Mrs John Richmond\n<br/>LITERATURE Butlin 1981, p.622 no.R6, pls.1179 and 1180\n<br/></p>\n<p>Despite Tatham's attribution to William Blake, Sir Geoffrey Keynes suggested that the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> might be by Robert in a letter of 23 October 1926. The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/r/recto-verso\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Recto / Verso'\"><span>recto</span></a> is close in style and apparent subject to the ‘Druid Grove’ in the Keynes collection (Butlin 1981, no.R4, colour pl.176).\n<br/>\n<br/>The drawing on the verso seems to depict a ruler enthroned with two seated counsellors on the left while four other figures converse in a huddle on the right. The style of the right-hand group of figures is much more relaxed than in most works thought to be by Robert, though those on the left are close to <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-two-drawings-of-frightened-figures-probably-for-the-approach-of-doom-a00002\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00002</span></a> and <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-six-drawings-of-figures-with-outstretched-arms-a00004\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00004</span></a>.\n<br/>\n<br/>This work was formerly inventoried by the Tate Gallery as no.3694 x.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "arm / arms raised", "group", "groups", "man", "people", "preaching", "religious", "standing", "work and occupations" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1762–1787", "fc": "Robert Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-blake-38" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

[]

{ "id": 5, "meta": { "type": "art.Classification" } }

[ { "archiveItemCount": 1792, "id": 92, "level": 2, "name": "actions: postures and motions", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 7319 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 95, "level": 2, "name": "adults", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 20120 }, { "archiveItemCount": 100, "id": 1050, "level": 3, "name": "arm / arms raised", "parent_id": 92, "workCount": 739 }, { "archiveItemCount": 454, "id": 451, "level": 3, "name": "figure", "parent_id": 95, "workCount": 6355 }, { "archiveItemCount": 291, "id": 799, "level": 3, "name": "group", "parent_id": 97, "workCount": 3936 }, { "archiveItemCount": 415, "id": 97, "level": 2, "name": "groups", "parent_id": 91, "workCount": 4741 }, { "archiveItemCount": 0, "id": 91, "level": 1, "name": "people", "parent_id": 1, "workCount": 22072 } ]

[]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-six-drawings-of-figures-with-outstretched-arms-a00004\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00004</span></a> <b>Six Drawings of Figures with Outstretched Arms</b> (recto and verso)\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00004 / B R8\n<br/>Pencil, each approx. 150×95 (6×3 3/4), on paper 395×319 (15 9/16×12 9/16); the paper has been folded twice, once in each direction Watermarked ‘PRO PATRIA’ and ‘GR’ Inscribed on recto by Frederick Tatham ‘William Blake vouched by Frederick Tatham’ b.r.\n<br/>Presented by Mrs John Richmond 1922\n<br/>PROVENANCE Mrs Blake; Frederick Tatham; his brother-in-law George Richmond, sold Christie's 29 April 1897 (in 147 with 22 other items; see no.2) £2.10.0 bt Dr Richard Sisley; his daughter Mrs John Richmond\n<br/>LITERATURE Butlin 1981, p.623 no.R8, pls.1187 and 1188\n<br/></p>\n<p>Similar to <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-two-drawings-of-frightened-figures-probably-for-the-approach-of-doom-a00002\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00002</span></a> above. The upper half of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/r/recto-verso\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Recto / Verso'\"><span>recto</span></a> contains a single <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> of two figures. At first both held their arms out before them but the artist subsequently raised the arms of the right-hand figure to a more upright position.\n<br/>\n<br/>The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a> was then folded vertically as well as horizontally, dividing each side into four sections. The two new sections on the recto and three of those on the verso (excluding the lower right-hand section which is blank) were then filled with separate drawings, all facing in different directions but showing similar figures, singly or in pairs, full-length or head-and-shoulders only, raising or holding out their arms. In each case the gesture is stressed by the figures' exaggeratedly long index fingers.\n<br/>\n<br/>This work was formerly inventoried by the Tate Gallery as no.3694 xiv.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "arm / arms raised", "figure", "group", "groups", "people" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999968, "shortTitle": "Art Fund" }, { "id": 65478, "shortTitle": "Illustrations to Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>After the success of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> of 'The Book of Job', Linnell commissioned Blake to make <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> of the Dante series as well. However by the time of Blake's death in 1827 only seven engravings had been made. This one illustrates a scene from Canto 5 of 'Hell'. Virgil shows Dante those 'whom love bereav'd of life', including Paolo and Francesca. The daughter of a thirteenth-century lord of Ravenna, Francesca fell in love with her husband's brother, Paolo. The betrayed husband had them both put to death. Dante, full of compassion, faints. Paolo and Francesca are also shown, truly united, above Virgil's head. Blake's original <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<span>A00005</span>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00005</span> <b>The Circle of the Lustful: Francesca da Rimini (‘The Whirlwind of Lovers’)</b>\n<br/></p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘The Whirlwind of Lovers from Dantes Inferno Canto V’ in mirror-writing, b.r.\n<br/>Engraving 243×335 (9 9/16×13 3/16); platemark 276×353 (10 7/8×13 7/8)\n<br/>\n<br/><i>Inferno</i> V, 25–45, 127–142. Dante swoons at Virgil's feet on seeing the ill-starred lovers Paolo and Francesca da Rimini. They also appear, reunited, above Virgil in a glory of light. 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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>A ‘barrator’ sells political power or favour for money. Dante describes Ciampolo being punished for this sin by devils called the ‘Malebanche’ (Evil Claws). Blake, however, gives the devils the faces of respectable gentlemen, using elegant sticks and hooks to tear at Ciampolo. Their humanisation and sophistication may add a sinister edge to their unpleasantness, suggesting the hidden side of ostensibly upright members of society. \n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2011-03-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-ciampolo-the-barrator-tormented-by-the-devils-a00006\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00006</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><span>A00006</span> <b>Ciampolo the Barrator Tormented by the Devils</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Engraving 240×338 (9 7/16×13 5/16); platemark 380×356 (11×14)\n<br/></p>\n<p><i>Inferno</i> XXII, 31–42, 70–72. Ciampolo was a servant of King Thibaut II of Navarre. Blake illustrates the particular moment when the devil Libicocco tears at his arm; the devil behind on the right is Ciriatto. The original <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University (Butlin 1981, no.812 <i>41</i>, repr. Roe 1953, pl.41, Klonsky 1980, pl.43 and Gizzi 1983, pl.43).</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<div>\n In April 1827, Blake wrote to John Linnell, ‘I am too much attach’d to Dante to think much of anything else. I have... reduced the [<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> of] the Fighting devils ready for the Copper’. This is the image printed from Blake’s ‘copper’. Ciampolo, condemned to hell for accepting bribes, has escaped the clutches of the devils, causing one devil to turn ‘his talons on his comrade. O’er the dyke in grapple close they joine’d... and in the boiling lake both fell’.  \n<br/>\n</div>\n<div>\n<br/> </div>\n<div>\n This was the last of the seven Dante <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> which Blake worked on. It remained unfinished at his death. </div>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-09-08T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-baffled-devils-fighting-a00007\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00007</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00007</span> <b>The Baffled Devils Fighting</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Engraving 242×334 (9 1/2×13 3/16); platemark 280×357 (11×14)\n<br/>EXHIBITED Tate Gallery 1978 (326, repr.)\n<br/></p>\n<p><i>Inferno</i> XXII, 133–140. After Ciampolo's escape the devils Alichino and Calabrina fall to fighting each other while their companions watch from the shore; Dante and Virgil retire in the distance. The original <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham (Butlin 1981, no.812 <i>42</i>, repr.Roe 1953, pl.42, Klonsky 1980, pl.44 in colour and Gizzi 1983, pl.44).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "animals: features", "architecture", "causeway", "characters", "cliff", "Dante", "Dante, ‘Divine Comedy: Inferno’", "devil", "fighting", "flying", "group", "groups", "Hell", "Hell", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "landscape", "literature and fiction", "literature (not Shakespeare)", "male", "man", "mountain", "mythical, religious, fictional", "nudes", "people", "places", "religion and belief", "sea", "seascapes and coasts", "townscapes / man-made features", "universal religious imagery", "Virgil", "wave", "wing" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

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{ "id": 4, "meta": { "type": "art.Classification" } }

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "11 November 2010 – 3 April 2011", "endDate": "2011-04-03", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "11 November 2010 – 3 April 2011", "endDate": "2011-04-03", "id": 6165, "startDate": "2010-11-11", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 5035, "startDate": "2010-11-11", "title": "Blake and Physiognomy", "type": "Collection based display" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "29 October 2024 – 30 September 2025", "endDate": "2025-09-30", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "30 October 2024 – 2 February 2025", "endDate": "2025-02-02", "id": 16130, "startDate": "2024-10-30", "venueName": "Reggia di Venaria Reale (Turin, Italy)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null }, { "dateText": "1 September 2025 – 31 January 2026", "endDate": "2026-01-31", "id": 16165, "startDate": "2025-09-01", "venueName": "Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest, Hungary)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null }, { "dateText": "1 March 2026 – 31 August 2026", "endDate": "2026-08-31", "id": 16131, "startDate": "2026-03-01", "venueName": "External", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 11758, "startDate": "2024-10-29", "title": "William Blake and the Age of Romantic Fantasy: British Art & Imagination", "type": "Loan-out" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>Agnolo Brunelleschi was a thief whose punishment was to be attacked for all eternity by a serpent. Their two bodies merge into one another, so that Brunelleschi’s appearance befits his sin. \n<br/>\n<br/>Blake shows the moment at which the serpent begins to inhabit Brunelleschi’s body, as its jaws engulf his head and it sinks its claws into his skin. \n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2011-03-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-six-footed-serpent-attacking-agnolo-brunelleschi-a00008\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00008</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a> laid on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00008</span> <b>The Six-footed Serpent Attacking Agnolo Brunelleschi</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Engraving 246×340 (9 11/16×13 3/8); platemark 280×356 (11×14)\n<br/></p>\n<p><i>Inferno</i> XXV, 49–78. Cianfa de' Donati, in the guise of a six-footed serpent, attacks Agnolo Brunelleschi and their two bodies merge into one; their fellow Florentines Puccio Scanciato and Buoso degli Abati or de' Donati stand on the right. The finished <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne (Butlin 1981, no.812 <i>51</i>, repr. Roe 1953, pl.51, Klonsky 1980, pl.54 and Gizzi 1983, p.62 in colour).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "adults", "animals: actions", "animals: fantastic", "animals: reptiles", "attacking", "crime and punishment", "crime and punishment", "Dante, ‘Divine Comedy: Inferno’", "female", "hill", "landscape", "literature and fiction", "literature (not Shakespeare)", "male", "man", "nudes", "people", "punishment", "river", "sea monster", "serpent", "snake", "society", "thief", "water: inland", "woman", "work and occupations" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999968, "shortTitle": "Art Fund" }, { "id": 65478, "shortTitle": "Illustrations to Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<div>\n This <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>print</span></a> illustrates lines from Canto 25 of Dante’s Inferno.  It shows a thief named Cavalcanti in the guise of a serpent ‘all on fire’. He is preparing to attack another thief, Buoso de’ Donati. The serpent and Donati eye each other while ‘One from the wound, the other from the mouth Breath’d a thick smoke, whose vap'ry columns join’d’. </div>\n<div>\n<br/> </div>\n<div>\n In the next scene, which Blake also illustrated, Donati is transformed into a serpent and Cavalcanti into a man. Their punishment is to suffer this transformation from man to snake and back again for eternity.\n<br/> </div>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-serpent-attacking-buoso-donati-a00009\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00009</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00009</span> <b>The Serpent Attacking Buoso Donati</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Engraving 241×335 (9 1/2×13 3/16); platemark 280×354 (11×13 15/16)</p>\n<p>EXHIBITED Tate Gallery 1978 (327, repr.) <i>Inferno</i> XXV, 79–93. For the finished <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> in the Tate Gallery see <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-serpent-attacking-buoso-donati-verso-a-man-with-a-transparent-hood-over-his-head-n03361\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03361</span></a>.\n<br/></p>\n<p><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<div>\n This <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a>, showing a scene from Canto 29 of Dante’s Inferno, reproduces the original <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a>. </div>\n<div>\n<br/> </div>\n<div>\n Blake’s <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>print</span></a> can also be compared with John Flaxman’s interpretation of the scene, which is shown in a display case in the centre of the room. Flaxman’s <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> focuses almost exclusively on the sinners themselves, with Dante and Virgil only just seen in the top right corner. Blake’s illustration seems more other-worldly, especially the bridge of petrified figures on the left, which may represent Fallen Man.  \n<br/> </div>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-pit-of-disease-the-falsifiers-a00010\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00010</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.</p>\n<p></p>\n<p><span>A00010</span> <b>The Pit of Disease: The Falsifiers</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Engravings 243×340 (9 1/4×13 3/8); platemark 276×353 (10 7/8×13 7/8)</p>\n<p><i>Inferno</i> XXIX, 46–84 and XXX, 49–99. For the finished watercolour in the Tate Gallery see <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-pit-of-disease-the-falsifiers-n03362\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03362</span></a>.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: processes and functions", "adults", "body", "characters", "corpse", "Dante", "Dante, ‘Divine Comedy: Inferno’", "diseases and conditions", "female", "group", "groups", "hill", "illness", "landscape", "literature and fiction", "literature (not Shakespeare)", "male", "man", "nudes", "people", "pool", "rocky", "scratching", "Virgil", "water: inland", "woman" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999968, "shortTitle": "Art Fund" }, { "id": 65478, "shortTitle": "Illustrations to Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" } ]

[]

{ "id": 4, "meta": { "type": "art.Classification" } }

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[]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i>: Engravings</b> 1826–7/1892</p>\n<p>A 00005–11 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-a00005\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00005</span></a>-<span>A00011</span>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-and-virgil-penetrating-the-forest-n03351\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03351</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-in-the-empyrean-drinking-at-the-river-of-light-n03370\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N03370</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-circle-of-the-lustful-francesca-da-rimini-the-whirlwind-of-lovers-t01950\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01950</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-t01956\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T01956</span></a>; complete]\n<br/>\n<br/>Seven line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper, each approx. 240×335 (9 1/2×13 1/4)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (in 148, with the 102 watercolour illustrations to Dante) £7,665 bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Russell <i>Engravings</i>\n1912, pp.115–8 no.34; Keynes <i>Bibiliography</i> 1921, pp.182–5 no.56; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17; Roe 1953, pp.4–6, 41–2, 65, 96, 97, 108, 110, 116–7, 127–8, series repr. pls.10E, 41E, 42E, 51E, 53E, 58E and 65E; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.873, 876–7, 879; Ruthven Todd, <i>Blake's Dante Plates</i>, 1968 (reprinted with additions from <i>Book Collecting &amp; Library Monthly</i>, VI, 1968, pp.164–71, itself based on a letter to <i>The Times Literary Supplement</i> 29 August 1968, p.928); Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.315–6; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.544–6 no.448; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, p.487 nos.647–53, series repr.plus full-size details; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.78–9, 250–4\n<br/></p>\n<p>This is the first of two sets in the Tate Gallery of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> taken from the original plates. Altogether four printings have been done, two while the plates belonged to the Linnell family and two while they belonged to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In a ‘List of John Linnell Senior's Letters and Papers’ (in the Ivimy Collection) Linnell's son John Linnell Jr wrote that, following a few proofs taken by Blake himself, his father had ‘had India proofs taken (all disposed of)’; the accounts and day books of Dickson &amp; Ross show that this was in 1838. John Linnell Jr goes on to say that after his father's death fifty further copies, in ‘india on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>’, were printed by Holdgate; the draft of a letter from the same writer to Bernard Quaritch of 6 May 1892 (also in the Ivimy Collection) implies that this second printing was about to be made. As all of the 1838 printing was ‘disposed of’ it was presumably one of the later series that was acquired for the Tate Gallery in the Linnell sale of 1918. Of what seem to be Blake's original proofs there is a complete set of one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>proof</span></a> for each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> in the British Museum and individual proofs elsewhere. The plates have passed, with the Rosenwald Collection, to the National Gallery of Art, Washington.\n<br/>\n<br/>The subject of each <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraving</span></a> was identified on a label pasted to the cover of the 1838 issue that reads as follows:\n<br/></p>\n<p>BLAKE'S ILLUSTRATIONS OF DANTE. /<i>Seven Plates, designed and engraved by</i> W. BLAKE, <i>Author of ‘Illustrations of / the Book of Job,’ &amp;c. &amp;c.</i> /Price £2.2s. India Paper./—/ PLATE I./ ... and like a corse fell to the ground./ HELL; Canto v.line 137. / PLATE II./....seiz'd on his arm, / And mangled bore away the sinewy part. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 70. / PLATE III./ .... so turn'd / His talons on his comrade. / HELL; Canto xxii. line 135./ PLATE IV. / ...lo! a serpent with six feet / Springs forth on one, / HELL; Canto xxv. line 45./ PLATE V. / He ey'd the serpent and the serpent him. / HELL; Canto xxv. line 82. / PLATE VI. /... Then two I mark'd, that sat Propp'd gainst each other, /HELL; Canto xxix, line 71. / PLATE VII./ ‘Wherefore dost bruise me?’ weeping he / exclaim'd. /HELL; Canto xxxii.line 79. / CARY'S DANTE.\n<br/></p>\n<p>The first record of Blake working on the engravings comes in a letter by him to Linnell of 2 July 1826, in which he wrote that he was coming to stay with him in Hampstead bringing, ‘besides our necessary change of apparel, Only My Book of Drawings from Dante &amp; one Plate shut up in the Book’. On 25 April 1827 Blake wrote to Linnell to say that ‘I have Proved the Six Plates, &amp; reduced the Fighting devils for the Copper’. Blake's death on 12 August 1827 prevented any further work on the engravings, and ‘The Baffled Devils Fighting’ is noticeably incomplete; Blake might, of course, have intended to work further on the other plates as well.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3371 i–viii.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00011</span> <b>Dante Striking Against Bocca degli Abati</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Engraving 236×340 (9 5/16×13 3/8); platemark 277×353 (10 7/8×13 7/8)\n<br/>\n<br/><i>Inferno</i> XXXII, 70–96. Dante stumbles against Bocca degli Abati, who betrayed the Guelfs at the battle of Montaperti, among the figures frozen in the Circle of Traitors. The finished <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> is in the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham (Butlin 1981, no.812 <i>65</i>, repr. Roe 1953, pl.65, Klonsky 1980, pl.68 in colour and Gizzi 1983, pl.68).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "characters", "Dante", "Dante, ‘Divine Comedy: Inferno’", "group", "groups", "Hell", "Hell", "ice", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "literature and fiction", "literature (not Shakespeare)", "man", "mythical, religious, fictional", "people", "places", "recoiling", "religion and belief", "sea", "seascapes and coasts", "Virgil", "walking", "weather" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

[ { "id": 999999779, "shortTitle": "Tate Collection" }, { "id": 999999782, "shortTitle": "Works with images" }, { "id": 999999961, "shortTitle": "General Collection" }, { "id": 999999968, "shortTitle": "Art Fund" }, { "id": 999999956, "shortTitle": "Collection" }, { "id": 65234, "shortTitle": "Illustrations to ‘The Book of Job’" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This illustrates verses 1-3 of chapter 1 of the Old Testament Book of Job. Job is prosperous and pious. However, he is guided by the books of the Law which lie open before him. The instruments which should be used for praising the Lord hang silent above him. Satan tells the Lord that Job's piety stems from his material prosperity. Satan is allowed to test Job by destroying this prosperity. Job's subsequent trials which make him recognize his error of being pious only according to the law, are depicted in Blake's set of Job <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a>. Blake's interest in depicting Job's trials is paralleled by his later exploration of Dante's experiences in the illustrations to the Divine Comedy. Some of these are included in this display.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<span>A00012</span>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00012</span> <b>Job and his Family</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 184×150 (7 1/4×5 7/8); platemark 198×164 (7 13/16×6 7/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘W Blake inv &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs. March 8:1828 [sic]. by Will Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘1’ t.r., and with texts given below.\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.1: Job, i, 1–3. Blake quotes as main title, ‘Thus did Job continually’ from Job, i, 5. What Job did was to pray the words inscribed above: ‘Our Father which art in Heaven/hallowed be thy Name’ (Matthew, vi, 9; Luke, xi, 2). Blake stresses the negative quality of this prayer by quoting below, ‘The Letter Killeth/The Spirit giveth Life’ (II Corinthians, iii, 6) followed by ‘It is Spiritually Discerned’ (I Corinthians, ii, 14). The scene is set for the whole series by the straightforward quotation from Job, i, 1–2, ‘There was a Man in the/Land of Uz whose Name/was Job. &amp; that Man/was perfect &amp; upright/&amp; one that feared God/&amp; eschewed Evil &amp; there/was born unto him Seven/Sons &amp; Three Daughters’.\n<br/>\n<br/>To add to the negative impact of this design Blake shows musical instruments hanging unplayed on the tree, the sun setting while the moon rises, and the sheep fast asleep. For a recent discovery that suggests, however, that even as late as the final state of this engraving the negative impact of the inscription was much less evident see the introduction to this section, p.185.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <span>A00013</span>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00013</span> <b>Satan before the Throne of God</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 197×151 (7 3/4×5 15/16); platemark 217×169 (8 9/16×6 5/8)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inv &amp; sc’ b.l., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8:1825. by Will^m Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘2’ t.r., and with texts given below; traces of the former inscription ‘Proof’ can still be seen b.r.\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.2: Job, i, 6–12. Blake's main title applies to the lower part of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> showing Job and his Family: ‘When the Almighty was yet with me. When my Children/were about me’ (Job, xxix, 5). Below this a subsidiary text describes what is happening in the upper half of the composition: ‘There was a day when the Sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord &amp; Satan came also among them/to present himself before the Lord’ (Job, i, 6). Above there are further inscriptions: ‘I beheld the Ancient of Days’ (condensed from Daniel, vii, 9); ‘Hast thou considered my Servant Job’ (Job, i, 8; God the Father is pointing out Job as an example to Satan); ‘The Angel of the Divine Presence’ (Isaiah lxiii), and the Hebrew for ‘The Lord is King’ (Psalms, x, 16, xlvii, 7, and xcvii). These inscriptions are flanked by two more: ‘I shall see God’ (based on Job, xix, 26) and ‘Thou art our Father’ (Isaiah, lxiii, 16, and lxiv, 8). Flanking all these inscriptions, and broken by them, is the single sentence ‘We shall awake up/in thy Likeness’ (a rewording of Psalms, xvii, 15).\n<br/>\n<br/>God the Father, apart from his somewhat spikey hair which anticipates the horrific vision of <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-wrath-of-elihu-a00023\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00023</span></a>, is given the same likeness as Job. Satan, on the other hand, is shown as a physically ideal, young man, surrounded by flames in which appear images of the heads of Job and of his wife.\n<br/>The lower part of the composition is developed, in reverse, from the large watercolour of ‘Enoch walked with God (?)’ of <i>c.</i>1780–5 in the Cincinnati Art Museum (Butlin 1981, no.146, colour pl.181). This drawing has also been identified as showing Job in prosperity.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "id": 9528, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 7824, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-sons-and-daughters-overwhelmed-by-satan-a00014\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00014</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00014</span> <b>Job's Sons and Daughters Overwhelmed by Satan</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 197×153 (7 7/8×6); platemark 219×170 (8 5/8×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inven: &amp;: sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by Will^m Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘3’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.3: Job, i, 13, 18–19. Blake gives this design a long descriptive title from Job, i, 18–19: ‘Thy Sons and thy Daughters were eating &amp; drinking Wine in their eldest Brothers house &amp; behold there came a great wind from the Wilderness &amp; smote upon the four faces of the house &amp; it fell upon the young Men and they are Dead’. At the top is written ‘The Fire of God is fallen from Heaven’ (Job, i, 16) and ‘And the Lord said unto Satan Behold All that he hath is in thy Power’ (Job, i, 12).\n<br/>Here the figure of Satan, unlike the previous design, is shown in traditional horrific guise with large bat-like wings. The somewhat strange placing of Satan's feet is one of the stronger arguments for Wicksteed's theory of Blake's left- and right-hand symbolism; Satan's left-hand foot is placed forward denoting evil. The placing of the feet also relates to those of the central figure below, whose pose, as Lindberg has shown, is based on an Antique pathos formula, exemplified by the Laocoön, the subject of three drawings and a famous engraving by Blake (Butlin 1981, nos.679–81, repr.pls.898, 898A and 899, and, for the engraving, Bindman\n<br/>\n<br/><i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, no.623 repr. and Essick <i>Separate Plates</i> 1983, no.xix, pls.51–3). The upside-down figure in the pose of the crucified on the right may allude to Blake's comment that ‘The Modern Church Crucifies Christ with the Head Downwards’ (<i>A Vision of the Last Judgment</i>\n1810; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, p.615).\n<br/></p>\n<p><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "animals: features", "architecture", "arm / arms raised", "Bible: Old Testament", "birth to death", "brother", "caption", "column", "crouching", "death", "destruction", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "falling", "family", "features", "group", "groups", "inscriptions", "Job, chapter 1", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "male", "man", "nudes", "people", "printed text", "quotation", "religion and belief", "rescuing", "residential", "ruins", "Satan", "sister", "society", "symbols and personifications", "universal concepts", "weather", "wind", "wing" ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 October 2013", "endDate": "2013-10-06", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 October 2013", "endDate": "2013-10-06", "id": 7674, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 6284, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "title": "Landscape in Blake", "type": "Collection based display" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "id": 9528, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 7824, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This is an illustration to chapter 1, verses 14-17, of the Book of Job. Blake uses as the main title the words which conclude verse 15. This is the end of the sentence which begins with verse 14 and which is inscribed in a curve across the top margin of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>print</span></a>. Verse 16 is inscribed in the bottom margin beneath the main title. Just above the main design is the winged figure of Satan strutting over the globe. He is flanked by the words of his reply to God when he was asked where he had been.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-messengers-tell-job-of-his-misfortunes-a00015\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00015</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00015</span> <b>The Messengers Tell Job of his Misfortunes</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 200×152 (7 7/8×6); platemark 217×170 (8 9/16×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invent &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825. by Will^m Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘4’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.4: Job, i, 14–17. Blake's main title reads ‘And I only am escaped alone to tell thee’, the conclusion of the sentence given across the top of the engraving, ‘And there came a Messenger unto Job &amp; said The Oxen were plowing &amp; the Sabeans came down &amp; they have slain the Young Men with the Sword’ (Job, i, 14–15). The account continues below the main title: ‘While he was yet speaking there came also another &amp; said/The Fire of God is fallen from heaven &amp; hath burned up the flocks &amp; the/Young Men &amp; consumed them &amp; I only am escaped alone to tell thee’ (Job, i, 16). In the margin above the main design Satan is shown from behind with the words of his reply to God who asked him on his return to Heaven (as shown in the next design) where he had been: ‘Going to &amp; fro in the Earth/&amp; walking up and down in it’ (Job, ii, 2).\n<br/>\n<br/>In the two preliminary <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolours</span></a> only two messengers are shown. Here Blake has added another tiny figure, seen on the horizon between the legs of the foremost messenger.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "animals: mammals", "Bible: Old Testament", "hand / hands raised", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 1", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "people", "prayer", "religion and belief", "religious", "running", "Satan", "sheep", "sitting", "symbols and personifications", "universal religious imagery" ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-going-forth-from-the-presence-of-the-lord-and-jobs-charity-a00016\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00016</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00016</span> <b>Satan Going Forth from the Presence of the Lord, and Job's Charity</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 198×152 (7 15/16×6); platemark 218×170 (8 5/8×6 11/16)\n<br/>Inscribed ‘WBlake inventor &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825. by Will^m Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘5’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.5: Job, ii, 3–7. Blake's main text refers to the upper part of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a>: ‘Then went Satan forth from the presence of the Lord’ (Job, ii, 7). Blake then describes the Lord's reactions: ‘And it grieved him at his heart’ (Genesis, vi, 6), ‘Who maketh his Angels Spirits &amp; his Ministers a Flaming Fire’ (a misquotation from Psalms, civ, 4; as Lindberg points out this last quotation is, in the Bible, meant to celebrate God's omnipotence but Blake sees the Lord as the cause of his angels being scorched by Satan's phial). Above the main design Blake writes God's injunction to Satan, ‘Behold he is in thy hand: but save his Life’ (Job, ii, 6). Above is inscribed, ‘Did I not weep for him who was in trouble Was not my Soul afflicted for the Poor’, Job's defence later in the story (Job, xxx, 25).\n<br/></p>\n<p>Satan is shown in his ‘ideal’ form, being in heaven. However, he already holds the phial he uses against Job in the next design. The gothic cathedral that has been seen the background of <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-dante-striking-against-bocca-degli-abati-a00011\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00011</span></a> and <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-sons-and-daughters-overwhelmed-by-satan-a00014\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00014</span></a> is here replaced by a druidical structure which reappears in the next two designs and also appears in <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-evil-dreams-a00022\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00022</span></a>; Wicksteed and other commentators find this significant though Lindberg sees it as merely indicating that Job lived in very distant times.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "15 October 2001 – 7 July 2002", "endDate": "2002-07-07", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "15 October 2001 – 7 July 2002", "endDate": "2002-07-07", "id": 794, "startDate": "2001-10-15", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 705, "startDate": "2001-10-15", "title": "William Blake and His Followers", "type": "Collection based display" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "24 March 2003 – 17 November 2003", "endDate": "2003-11-17", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": null, "endDate": null, "id": 1320, "startDate": null, "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 1197, "startDate": "2003-03-24", "title": "Blake and Illustration", "type": "Collection based display" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 April 2015", "endDate": "2015-04-06", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 April 2015", "endDate": "2015-04-06", "id": 7509, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 6078, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<div>\n This is one of twenty-one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>prints</span></a> illustrating the Old Testament Book of Job, which Blake published in 1826. They were commissioned by Blake’s young admirer, John Linnell. Blake saw Job's trials and eventual spiritual rebirth as parallels to the creative struggles of the artist. Above the image is a quotation stressing Job's submission to his trials. The borders of the prints, which include \nextra images and text, complement the main <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a>. </div>\n<div>\n<br/> </div>\n<div>\n Blake went on to produce a <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/t/tempera\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Tempera'\"><span>tempera</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/painting\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Painting'\"><span>painting</span></a> of this scene, in which he slightly changed the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a>. </div>\n", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-09-08T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-smiting-job-with-sore-boils-a00017\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00017</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00017</span> <b>Satan Smiting Job with Sore Boils</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 198×153 (7 13/16×6); platemark 218×170 (8 9/16×6 13/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inv &amp;sc’ b.l., ‘London. as Act directs Published March 8:1825 by William Blake No 3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘6’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.6: Job, ii, 7, the source of Blake's main title, ‘And smote Job with sore Boils/from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head’. Blake stresses Job's submission by the quotation above the main design, ‘Naked came I out of my/mothers womb &amp; Naked shall I return thither/The Lord gave &amp; the Lord hath taken away. Blessed by the Name of the Lord’ (Job, i, 21).\n<br/>\n<br/>Wicksteed relates Job's affliction to a passage on plate 21 of Blake's <i>Jerusalem</i>, <i>c</i>.1804–15 (Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, p.643):\n<br/></p>\n<p>‘The disease of shame covers me from head to feet: I have no hope\n<br/><i>Every boil upon my body is a separate &amp; deadly Sin.</i>\n<br/>Doubt first assaild me, then Shame took possession of me\n<br/>Shame divides Families. Shame hath divided Albion in sunder!’</p>\n<p>Doubt and Shame have led Job to doubt the bodily side of his love for his wife, who crouches in despair at his feet.</p>\n<p>\n<br/>This design was developed still further in the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/t/tempera\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Tempera'\"><span>tempera</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/painting\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Painting'\"><span>painting</span></a> of <i>c</i>.1826, no.70. There Satan, already shown in his unidealised, scaley form, is given the large batlike wings of <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-sons-and-daughters-overwhelmed-by-satan-a00014\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00014</span></a> and <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-messengers-tell-job-of-his-misfortunes-a00015\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00015</span></a> (in margin above main design).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "architecture", "arm / arms raised", "Bible: Old Testament", "boils", "cloud", "despair", "diseases and conditions", "emotions and human qualities", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "Job", "Job, chapter 2", "Job’s wife", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "male", "man", "nudes", "pain", "people", "religion and belief", "salvation", "Satan", "sea", "seascapes and coasts", "sunset", "times of the day", "townscape, distant", "townscapes / man-made features", "universal religious imagery", "weather", "weeping", "woman" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

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[]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 October 2013", "endDate": "2013-10-06", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 October 2013", "endDate": "2013-10-06", "id": 7674, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 6284, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "title": "Landscape in Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>In Blake's series of twenty-one illustrations to the Book of Job this plate comes immediately after the one which shows Job being tortured by a rash of boils. Here he lies exhausted and resigned, supported by his wife. The words in the top margin are from Job's reproof to his wife after she has said to him 'curse God, and die' because of the trials he has suffered. Job's comforters, Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar remain with him for seven days and nights. The small figures in the margins convey a sense of sorrow and patience. These are characteristics of Job's state of mind at this moment and for the foreseeable future.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "1998-09-29T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-comforters-a00018\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00018</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00018</span> <b>Job's Comforters</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 198×153 (7 13/16×6); platemark 218×170 (8 5/8×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inven &amp; sculpt’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by William Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘7’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.7: Job, ii, 9–12. Blake's main title is a quotation from Job, ii, 12 reflecting the reaction of the three comforters, Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar: ‘And when they lifted up their eyes afar off &amp; knew him not they lifted up their voice &amp; wept. &amp; they rent every Man his mantle &amp; sprinkled dust upon their heads towards heaven’. Above, Blake quotes Job's response to his wife, ‘What! shall we recieve Good at the hand of God &amp; shall we not also recieve Evil’ (Job, ii, 10). At the foot of the page Blake quotes the comment from James, v, 11: ‘Ye have heard of the Patience of Job and have seen the end of the Lord’.\n<br/>\n<br/>Although the King James Bible states that Job is sitting on ‘ashes’ (Job, ii, 8) Blake follows traditional imagery, and the Septuaginta and Vulgate translations ‘dunghill’, though he makes it look more like a heap of straw. The pose of Job and his wife echoes that of ‘A Lamentation over the Dead Christ’ and Lindberg demonstrates the parallel with an engraving after Michelangelo's ‘Pietà’ in St Peter's (repr. Lindberg 1973, pl.107). That this was a conscious imitation is supported by the fact that the architectural <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/f/form\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Form'\"><span>form</span></a> on the extreme right suggests the Cross. The three comforters on the left rush in left foot forward demonstrating, according to Wicksteed's theory, that they are the ‘Corporeal Friends’ who are ‘our Spiritual Enemies’ (<i>Millon</i> plate 4 and <i>Jerusalem</i> plate 44/30; Keynes <i>Writings</i>\n1957, pp.484, 655).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "architecture", "arm / arms raised", "beard", "Bible: Old Testament", "body", "comforting", "emotions and human qualities", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "group", "groups", "hill", "Job", "Job, chapter 2", "Job’s wife", "landscape", "man", "people", "religion and belief", "ruins", "suffering", "townscape", "townscape, distant", "townscapes / man-made features", "weeping", "woman" ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "14 June 2008 – 31 August 2008", "endDate": "2008-08-31", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "14 June 2008 – 31 August 2008", "endDate": "2008-08-31", "id": 4235, "startDate": "2008-06-14", "venueName": "Shipley Art Galley (Gateshead, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 3583, "startDate": "2008-06-14", "title": "Eighteenth Century Blues", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 April 2015", "endDate": "2015-04-06", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 April 2015", "endDate": "2015-04-06", "id": 7509, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 6078, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This is an illustration to chapter 3, verses 1-7, of the Book of Job where Job curses the day that he was born. The main title comes from the opening of verse 3. In the top margin are the words of verse 7. Beneath the title, Blake has inscribed the concluding verse of the Book of Job, chapter 2, which describes the actions of Job's three comforters.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "1993-08-09T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-despair-a00019\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00019</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00019</span> <b>Job's Despair</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 199×150 (7 13/16×5 7/8); platemark 217×168 (8 9/16×6 5/8)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inv &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Publish'd as the Act directs March 8:1825 by Will^m Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘8’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.8: Job, iii, 1–7. Blake's main title consists of Job's words from Job, iii, 3: ‘Let the Day perish wherein I was born’. Above there is a quotation from later in the same book: ‘Lo let that night be solitary/&amp; let no joyful voice come therein’ (Job, iii, 7). The lines below the main title describe the action of the three comforters: ‘And they sat down with him upon the ground seven days &amp; seven/nights &amp; none spake a word unto him for they saw that his grief/was very great’ (Job, ii, 13).\n<br/>\n<br/>Blake seems to be unique in the long line of artists who illustrated the Book of Job in showing this scene.\n<br/></p>\n<p><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "Bible: Old Testament", "emotions and human qualities", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "grief", "hand / hands raised", "head in hand / hands", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 3", "kneeling", "people", "religion and belief", "religious", "symbols and personifications" ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-vision-of-eliphaz-a00020\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00020</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00020</span> <b>The Vision of Eliphaz</b></p>\n<p>Line engraving 198×152 (7 3/4×6); platemark 217×170 (8 9/16×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by William Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘9’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/>\n<br/>Illustration no.9: Job, iv, 13–17. Blake's main title is taken from the description by Eliphaz, one of Blake's comforters, of his vision: ‘Then a Spirit passed before my Face/the hair of my flesh stood up’ (Job, iv, 15). The scene above shows Eliphaz in bed seeing his vision of God the Father (in Job's likeness) who has told him, ‘Shall mortal Man be more Just than God? Shall a Man be more Pure than his Maker? Behold he putteth no trust in his Saints &amp; his Angels he chargeth with Folly’ (Job, iv, 17–18).\n<br/>\n<br/>For Blake, of course, man was immortal, not mortal, and the comforters stand for all that was most repugnant to him.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "Bible: Old Testament", "Eliphaz", "God", "hand / hands raised", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 4", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "looking up", "man, old", "mysticism", "people", "religion and belief", "religious", "symbols and personifications", "vision", "woman" ]

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[]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This is an illustration to chapter 12, verse 4 of the Book of Job: 'I am as one mocked of his neighbour, who calleth upon God, and he answereth him: the Just upright man is laughed to scorn.' Job endures the mocking of his friends and the rebuke of his wife. Their attitude towards him reflects their impatience with Job's protestations of his innocence, despite the fact that God's punishment of him is an indication of his transgression. The other inscriptions in the margins are statements Job made to his God and which are found elsewhere in the Book of Job.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "1993-08-09T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-rebuked-by-his-friends-a00021\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00021</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00021</span> <b>Job Rebuked by his Friends</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 198×152 (7 3/4×6); platemark 219×171 (8 5/8×6 3/4)\n<br/></p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825. by William Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘10’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.10: Job, xii, 4, ‘The Just Upright Man is laughed to scorn’, Blake's main title, though the design sums up the whole encounter of Job and his friends (Job, iv-xxxi), whose rebuke is echoed more gently by his wife. The other inscriptions are taken from Job's statements to his God: ‘Man that is born of a Woman is of few days &amp; full of trouble/he cometh up like a flower &amp; is cut down he fleeth also as a shadow/&amp; continueth not And dost thou open thine eyes upon such a one/&amp; bringest me into judgment with the’ (Job, xiv, 1–3); ‘But he knoweth the way that I take when he hath tried me I shall come forth like gold’ (Job, xxiii, 10); ‘Have pity upon me! Have pity upon me! O ye my friends for the hand of God hath touched me’ (Job, xix, 21); and ‘Though he slay me yet will I trust in him’ (Job, xiii, 15).\n<br/>\n<br/>The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> of the main design is taken, in reverse, from an earlier engraving by Blake. This is known in two states, the later of which is dated 1793 though it was probably executed considerably later (for the preliminary drawings for this engraving, and the whole problem of the dating of that group of works, see <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-his-wife-and-his-friends-the-complaint-of-job-verso-jobs-wife-and-eight-other-n05200\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N05200</span></a>; the various works are repr. together in Essick <i>Separate Plates</i> 1983, figs.7–11). Job's wife is however moved back to the other side of Job as in no.6 and the friends, or comforters, no longer sit passively but point accusingly at Job, each with both arms outstretched, a repeated gesture probably taken from Fuseli's ‘Three Witches’ from <i>Macbeth</i> (versions of 1783 onwards are repr. Blunt 1959, pl.51 b, Tomory <i>Fuseli</i> 1972, pl.72, and Schiff <i>Füssli</i> 1973, 11, pp.176 nos.733, 734 and 735). Lindberg finds a common source in Agostino Veneziano's engraving after Giulio Romano's ‘Adoration of the Shepherds’, 1531 (repr. pl.109). Blake used a similar motif for the accusers of Socrates on plate 93 of <i>Jerusalem</i>\n(repr. Blunt 1959, pl.51c; Lindberg 1973, pl.111).\n<br/>\n<br/>Lindberg draws attention to the fact that this scene was traditionally seen as a prefiguration of the mocking of Christ.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>Blake adapts as his main title words from verse 14 of chapter 7 of the Book of Job: 'Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions'. The substance of Job's dreams is not described in chapter 7. However, Blake derives some of his imagery and his quotations in the margins from elsewhere in the Bible. Thus 'my skin is black upon me and my bones are burned with heat' comes from the Book of Job, chapter 30. Satan, seen here hovering over Job, is described in the second book of Corinthians as 'transformed into an Angel of Light.' The flames of Hell which rise up from beneath Job's bed are echoed in the marginal design.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "1993-08-09T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-evil-dreams-a00022\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00022</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00022</span> <b>Job's Evil Dreams</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 197×152 (7 3/4×6); platemark 217×170 (8 9/16×6 13/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; sculp’ b.l., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by Will^m Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘11’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.11: Job, vii, 13–15, the source of Blake's main title, ‘With Dreams upon my bed thou scarest me &amp; affrightest me/with Visions’. At this point in the book the nature of Job's dreams and visions are not stated but Blake took some of his imagery, and his other quotations, from later in the book and elsewhere in the Bible: ‘Why do you persecute me as God &amp; are not satisfied with my flesh. Oh that my words/were printed in a Book that they were graven with an iron pen &amp; lead in the rock for ever/For I know that my Redeemer liveth &amp; that he shall stand in the latter days upon/the Earth &amp; after my skin destroy thou This body yet in my flesh shall I see God/whom I shall see for Myself and mine eyes shall behold &amp; not Another tho consumed be my wrought Image’ (Job, xix, 22–7), and ‘Who opposeth &amp; exalteth himself above all that is called God or is Worshipped’ (II Thessalonians, ii, 4); ‘My bones are pierced in me in the/night season &amp; my sinews/take no rest’ (Job, xxx, 17); ‘My skin is black upon me/&amp; my bones are burned/with heat’ (Job, xxx, 30); ‘The triumphing of the wicked/is short, the joy of the hypocrite is/but for a moment’ (Job, xx, 5); ‘Satan himself is transformed into an Angel of Light &amp; his Ministers into Ministers of Righteousness’ (II Corinthians, xi, 14–15).\n<br/>\n<br/>This design is a turning-point of the series, which perhaps explains why it falls out of sequence as an illustration to the Book of Job. Traditionally Job's dreams were identified with a vision of Hell but Blake expands this by making the flames and demons of hell, shown below, dependent upon the Tables of the Law above, the two being linked by the outstretched arms of the figure that hovers over Job; this figure is developed from the God of the second design (<span>A00013</span>) but is shown entwined by a serpent and with a cloven hoof: Job's God has become Satan. In recognizing that his idea of God is in fact Satan Job, in the depths of his despair, is now capable of spiritual salvation. This possibility is embodied in a number of the quotations inscribed by Blake, particularly ‘For I know that my Redeemer liveth’, which alludes, of course, to the God of the New Testament.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-wrath-of-elihu-a00023\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00023</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00023</span> <b>The Wrath of Elihu</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 200×151 (7 7/8×5 15/16); platemark 219×168 (8 5/8×6 5/8)\n<br/>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; sculpt’ b.c., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by Will^m Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘12’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/>\n<br/>Illustration no.12: Job, xxxii–xxxvii. Blake's main title quotes from the opening of Elihu's speech: ‘I am Young &amp; ye are very Old wherefore I was afraid [and durst not shew you mine opinion]’ (Job, xxxii, 6). The other marginal inscriptions are also taken from his speech: ‘For God speaketh once yea twice/&amp; Man percieveth it not In a Dream in a Vision of the Night/in deep Slumberings upon the bed/<i>sic</i> Then he openeth the ears of Men &amp; sealeth their instruction/That he may withdraw Man from his purpose/&amp; hide Pride from Man’ (Job, i), and ‘If there be with him an Interpreter One among a Thousand/then he is gracious unto him/&amp; saith Deliver <i>him from going down</i> to the Pit/I have found a Ransom’ (Job, xxxiii, 14–16, 23–4); ‘For his eyes are upon/the ways of Man &amp; he observeth/all his goings’ (Job, xxxiv, 21); ‘Lo all these things worketh God oftentimes with Man to bring/back his Soul from the pit to be enlightened/with the light of the living’ (Job,. xxxiii, 29–30); ‘Look upon the heavens &amp; behold the clouds/which are higher/than thou/If thou sinnest what doest thou against him or if thou be/righteous what givest thou unto him’ (Job, xxxv, 5–7).\n<br/>\n<br/>Blake's design makes clear the difference between Elihu's message (and Job's more positive response) and the earlier reproaches of Job's friends in <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-comforters-a00018\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00018</span></a> and <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-vision-of-eliphaz-a00020\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00020</span></a>. Lindberg has shown that Elihu's attitude and gestures are based on such traditional representations of inspired preachers as Raphael's St Paul in ‘The Blinding of Elymas’, one of the tapestry cartoons in the Royal Collection now on deposit at the Victoria and Albert Museum but which were at Windsor Castle until 1809 and subsequently at Hampton Court Palace. In addition the unrelieved gloom of the sky in nos. <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-despair-a00019\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00019</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-evil-dreams-a00022\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00022</span></a> is now redeemed by the presence of stars unmentioned in the biblical text. The group of three friends is derived from the earlier Job print mentioned under <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-rebuked-by-his-friends-a00021\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00021</span></a> (see also <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-his-wife-and-his-friends-the-complaint-of-job-verso-jobs-wife-and-eight-other-n05200\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>N05200</span></a>); here their expressions are passive, not accusing.\n<br/>\n<br/>The figures in the margins seem to contrast the Urizenic old man with the scroll, perhaps Job's former idea of the Law, lying quiescent with the young spirits full of energy rising up from his body. This would parallel the new inspiration brought into the discussion by Elihu.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "actions: processes and functions", "adults", "anger", "architecture", "astronomy", "beard", "Bible: Old Testament", "body", "caption", "crouching", "Elihu", "emotions and human qualities", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "family", "fine art and design, named works", "gesticulating", "group", "groups", "husband", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 1", "Job, chapters 32-5", "Job’s wife", "listening", "man", "man, old", "night", "objects", "people", "printed text", "quotation", "Raphael, drawing, ‘The Blinding of Elymas’", "religion and belief", "society", "star", "symbols and personifications", "talking", "times of the day", "townscape, distant", "townscapes / man-made features", "wife", "woman" ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "14 June 2008 – 31 August 2008", "endDate": "2008-08-31", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "14 June 2008 – 31 August 2008", "endDate": "2008-08-31", "id": 4235, "startDate": "2008-06-14", "venueName": "Shipley Art Galley (Gateshead, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 3583, "startDate": "2008-06-14", "title": "Eighteenth Century Blues", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 19 February 2012", "endDate": "2012-02-19", "id": 5527, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "venueName": "State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow, Russia)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null }, { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "28 November 2011 – 19 February 2012", "endDate": "2012-02-19", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 15 February 2012", "endDate": "2012-02-15", "id": 5361, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "venueName": "State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow, Russia)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4491, "startDate": "2011-11-28", "title": "Blake and British Visionary Art", "type": "Loan-out" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This is an illustration of the opening words of chapter 38 of the Book of Job. Blake quotes them in the main title of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>print</span></a>. The Lord appears and asks Job a series of questions, opening with 'Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth?' The clockwise action of the Lord's appearance in the whirlwind permeates the whole of Blake's image. The trees in the bottom margin are bent low by the force of the wind, but, like Job in his adversity, they remain unbroken.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-lord-answering-job-out-of-the-whirlwind-a00024\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00024</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00024</span> <b>The Lord Answering Job out of the Whirlwind</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 198×151 (7 3/4×5 7/8); platemark 217×170 (8 9/16×6 13/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘13’ t.r., and with texts given below</p>\n<p>EXHIBITED Tate Gallery 1958 (200, repr.)\n<br/>\n<br/>Illustration no.13: Job, xxxviii, i, the source of Blake's main title, ‘Then the Lord answerd Job out of the Whirlwind’. This quotation is continued by a line from the Psalms, civ, 3, ‘Who maketh the Clouds his Chariot &amp; walketh on the Wings of the Wind’. The other quotations are from the Book of Job: ‘Hath the Rain a Father &amp; who hath begotten the Drops of the Dew’ (Job, xxxviii, 28), and ‘Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge’ (Job, xxxviii, 2).\n<br/>\n<br/>The Lord appears in a new, active guise, questioning Job's lack of illumination and asking rhetorical questions about the Creation. The whirlwind has flattened the trees in the margin but, though bowed, they are not broken, just as Job has remained unbroken under adversity. In an early state of the engraving Blake showed the whirlwind bursting out of the central design into the margin above to much greater effect, but in the end he reverted to the usual clearly defined rectangle for the main design (repr. Bindman 1978, pl.638b).\n<br/>\n<br/>Blake had already treated this subject in his watercolour painted for Thomas Butts <i>c</i>.1803–5, ‘Job confessing his Presumption to God who Answers from the Whirlwind’, now in the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh (Butlin 1981, no.461, colour pl.538). The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> is completely different and the Lord is accompanied by angels. Job's wife, like the friends, bows down to the ground in fear rather than sharing in Job's vision.\n<br/></p>\n<p><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "angel", "beard", "Bible: Old Testament", "body", "bowing", "caption", "crouching", "family", "God", "group", "groups", "husband", "inscriptions", "Job, chapter 38", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "kneeling", "man", "people", "prayer", "printed text", "Psalms, 104", "quotation", "recoiling", "religion and belief", "society", "symbols and personifications", "universal religious imagery", "weather", "whirlwind", "wife", "woman", "worship" ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 19 February 2012", "endDate": "2012-02-19", "id": 5527, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "venueName": "State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow, Russia)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null }, { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "28 November 2011 – 19 February 2012", "endDate": "2012-02-19", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 15 February 2012", "endDate": "2012-02-15", "id": 5361, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "venueName": "State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow, Russia)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4491, "startDate": "2011-11-28", "title": "Blake and British Visionary Art", "type": "Loan-out" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-when-the-morning-stars-sang-together-a00025\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00025</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00025</span> <b>When the Morning Stars Sang Together</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 191×150 (7 1/2×5 7/8); platemark 207×164 (8 3/16×6 7/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake Invenit &amp; Sc’ b.l., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by Will^m Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘14’ t.r., and with texts given below</p>\n<p>EXHIBITED Tate Gallery 1958 (205, repr.)\n<br/>\n<br/>Illustration no.14: Job, xxxviii, 4–7. Blake's main text is ‘When the morning Stars sang together. &amp; all the/Sons of God shouted for joy’ (Job, xxxviii, 7); in the third state of the engraving these words were preceded, as in the Bible, by ‘When I laid the Foundations of the Earth’ with ‘And’ replacing the initial ‘When’, and Lindberg suggests that Blake deleted these words to indicate that this state of joy only related to the upper part of the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a>, referring to the time of eternity before creation. In the upper margin Blake quotes the Lord's question ‘Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades or loose the bands of Orion’ (Job, xxxviii, 31). In each of the flanking margins there are little scenes of creation, each with its own inscription: ‘Let there be/Light’ (Genesis, i, 3); ‘Let there be A/Firmament’ (Genesis, i, 6); ‘Let the Waters be gathered/together in one place &amp; let the Dry Land appear’ (Genesis i, 9); ‘And God made Two Great/Lights/Sun Moon’ (Genesis, i, 16); ‘Let the Waters bring/forth abundantly’ (Genesis, i, 20); ‘Let the Earth bring forth/Cattle &amp; Creeping thing/&amp; Beast’ (Genesis, i, 24).\n<br/>\n<br/>This is the first of a sub-group of three compositions in which God reveals to Job the creation, the organisation and the annihilation of the natural world. The angels or ‘morning stars’ exist in eternity above, while Job, his wife and his friends are shown in a cave-like Earth below. In between, in a zone partly occupied by the Lord, are the Sun and Moon gods representing time, identified by Lindberg as Helios and Selene rather than Apollo and Diana.\n<br/>\n<br/>The figures of Helios and Selene are probably derived from Antique gems, which Blake on his Laocoön print of <i>c</i>.1818–20 equated with ‘The Gems of Aaron's Breast Plate’ (Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, p.777; repr. Bindman 1978, pl.623, Essick <i>Separate Plates</i> 1983, pl.51). Indeed, Lindberg suggests that this whole design is a reconstruction by Blake of Aaron's breastplate, which was understood in the eighteenth century to represent the original map of the universe.\n<br/>\n<br/>The motif of angels with upstretched arms crossing each other to form a frieze had already been used by Blake in one of his illustrations to Young's <i>Night Thoughts</i> of <i>c.</i>1795–7 (Butlin no.330 <i>437</i>; repr. Blunt 1959, pl.54b, and Grant, Rose and Tolley 1980). It is probably based on a <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/r/relief\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Relief'\"><span>relief</span></a> from Persepolis engraved for Jacob Bryant's <i>New System of Ancient Mythology</i> in Basire's workshop 1775–6 when Blake was an apprentice there (repr. Blunt 1959, pl.54a). The motif reappears in the second illustration in Blake's two series of illustrations to Milton's <i>On the Morning of Christ's Nativity</i> of 1809 and <i>c.</i>1815 (Butlin nos.538 <i>2</i> and 542 <i>2</i>, repr. in colour pls.661 and 667). In the Job engraving, as opposed to the preceding watercolours, Blake added further arms cut by the edge of the composition, suggesting an infinitude of angels in eternity.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "abstract concepts", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "angel", "animals: fantastic", "animals: mammals", "arm / arms raised", "astronomy", "Bible: Old Testament", "chariot", "creation", "emotions, concepts and ideas", "God", "horse", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 38", "Job’s wife", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "kneeling", "man", "people", "religion and belief", "religious", "serpent", "society", "star", "symbols and personifications", "time - sun and moon", "transport: land", "universal concepts", "universal religious imagery", "woman" ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>The Lord points down towards two beasts, Behemoth and Leviathan, and instructs Job about the extent and power of His creation. The right hand marginal text, from the Book of Job, describes Behemoth, who dominates the land, as 'the chief of the Ways of God.' Leviathan, a Sea Monster, is 'King over all the Children of Pride.' In his book 'Jerusalem' Blake has these two monsters representatives of war by land and by sea. This relationship is explicitly seen in Blake's two pictures showing Admiral Nelson and William Pitt included in this display. One interpretation of this design is that these beasts stand for the hopelessness of material nature. The Lord is pointing out to Job the negativeness of his faith so far.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "1998-09-29T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-behemoth-and-leviathan-a00026\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00026</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00026</span> <b>Behemoth and Leviathan</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 200×151 (7 7/8×5 15/16); platemark 218×170 (8 5/8×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; sculpt’ b.r., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by Will^m Blake N3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘15’ t.r., and with texts given below</p>\n<p>EXHIBITED Tate Gallery 1958 (202, repr.)\n<br/>\n<br/>Illustration no.15: Job, xl, 15; xli, 34. Blake's main text only mentions Behemoth: ‘Behold now Behemoth which I made with thee’ (Job, xl, 15). However, the text in the right margin mentions both monsters: ‘Of Behemoth he saith. He is the chief of the ways of God/Of Leviathan he saith, He is King of all the Children of Pride’ (Job xl, 19; xli, 34). The other two quotations relate the monsters to natural phenomena: ‘Can any understand the spreadings of the Clouds/the noise of his Tabernacle’ (Job, xxxvi, 21), and ‘also by watering he wearyeth the thick cloud/He scattereth the bright cloud also it is turned about by his counsels’ (Job, xxxvii, 11–12).\n<br/>\n<br/>The Lord humbles Job by enumerating the extent and power of His creation. Leviathan is described in various places in the Bible as a sea-monster, while the representation of Behemoth as a hippopotamus is the traditional one. Blake shows them as presiding over land and sea respectively, perhaps, as Lindberg suggests, on the basis of the pseudo-epigraphical Fourth Book of Estras, vi, 47–52. In <i>Jerusalem</i> Blake makes the monsters the representatives of war by land and sea respectively (see nos.58 and 59), in a passage that describes the Spectre creating the material world and ‘refusing to believe without demonstration’ (Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, p.738). The monsters are therefore shown in a material, global world below that inhabited by Job and his companions. Lindberg suggests that this is Hell and that its global form is an attack on the scientific belief in the roundness of the earth; Blake was later to tell Crabb Robinson that ‘I do not believe that the world is round. I believe it quite flat’ (Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.313, 541).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-fall-of-satan-a00027\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00027</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00027</span> <b>The Fall of Satan</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 186×150 (7 5/16×5 15/16); platemark 201×164 (7 7/8×6 7/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inv &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘16’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.16: Job, xxxvi, 17; xlii, 1–7. The main title quotes from Elihu's verdict on Job and his companions: ‘Thou hast fulfilled the Judgment of the Wicked’ (Job xxxvi, 17; this continues ‘Judgment and justice take hold on thee’). The judgment of Job was traditionally seen as forshadowing the Last Judgment and the defeat of Satan, and Blake quotes various texts including some from the New Testament with this wider connotation: ‘Hell is naked before him &amp; Destruction has no covering’ (Job, xxvi, 6); ‘Even the Devils are Subject to Us thro thy Name. Jesus said unto them. I saw Satan as lightning fall from Heaven’ (Luke, x, 17–18); ‘God hath chosen the foolish things of the World to confound the wise/And God hath chosen the weak things of the World to confound the things that are mighty’ (I Corinthians, i, 27); ‘Canst thou by searching find out God/Canst thou find out the Almighty to perfection It is higher than Heaven what canst thou do/It is deeper than Hell what canst thou know’ (Job, xi, 7–8); ‘The Accuser of our Brethren is Cast down/which accused them before our God day &amp; night’ (Apocalypse, xii, 10); ‘The Prince of this World shall be cast out’ (John, xii, 31).\n<br/>\n<br/>This is the third of the sub-group of designs showing the Lord instructing Job and his companions. Here Blake develops the traditional connection between the judgment of Job and that of the world as a whole. The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> echoes that of the second and fifth designs (<span>A00013</span> and <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-going-forth-from-the-presence-of-the-lord-and-jobs-charity-a00016\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00016</span></a>), particularly the former. The two simulacra of Job and his wife that appear in <span>A00013</span> in the flames surrounding Satan now accompany him in his fall, shown here in the solid form without which error cannot be cast out. At the same time Satan's fall splits the ground on which Job and his companions kneel, dividing Job and his wife in their calm acceptance of the Lord's judgment from the group of Eliphaz and his two companions. There are parallels with Blake's depiction of the Last Judgment (see Butlin 1981, nos.639–48, pls.868–74). In particular God is now shown not as the God of the Old Testament but as Christ with the Book of Life spread open on his knees.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

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[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-the-vision-of-christ-a00028\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00028</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00028</span> <b>The Vision of Christ</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 200×151 (7 7/8×5 15/16); platemark 219×170(8 5/8×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake’ b.l. and ‘inv &amp; sculp’ b.r., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8: 1825 by William Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘17’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.17: Job, xlii, 5, the source of Blake's main title which significantly omits the word ‘of’ from the Authorised Version, following the Vulgate: ‘I have heard [of] thee with the hearing of the Ear but now my Eye seeth thee’. Another of the lines quoted by Blake had already been used by St Gregory the Great as an interpretation of Job's revelation as being his apprehension of the unity of Christ and the Father: ‘I &amp; my Father are One’ (John, x, 30), and this is accompanied by another quotation of similar import, ‘He that hath seen me hath seen my Father also’ (John, xiv, 9). The theme is developed in a selection of further sayings from John, xiv, partly rearranged but forming a coherent whole: ‘If you had known/me ye would/have known my/Father also and/from henceforth/ye know him &amp;/have seen him/Believe me that/I am in the Father &amp; the Father in me/He that loveth me/ shall be loved of/my Father/For he dwelleth in/you &amp; shall be with/you’, ‘At that day ye shall know that I am in/my Father &amp; you in me &amp; I in you/If ye loved me ye would rejoice/because I said I go unto the Father’, ‘He that loveth/me shall be loved/of my Father &amp; I/will love him &amp;/manifest myself/unto him/And my Father/ will love him &amp; we/will come unto him/&amp; make our abode/with him/And the Father/shall give you/Another Comforter/that he may abide/with you for ever/ Even the Spirit of/Truth whom the/World Cannot receive’ (John, xiv, 7, 11, 16–17, 20, 21, 23, and 28): Further quotations continue this theme and the identification of Job's judgment with that of mankind as a whole: ‘He bringeth down to/the Grave &amp; bringeth up’ (I Samuel, ii, 6); ‘we know that when he shall appear we shall be like him for we shall see him as He Is’ (John, iii, 2); ‘When I behold the Heavens the work of thy hands the Moon &amp; Stars which thou hast ordained. Then I say. What is Man that thou art mindful of him?/&amp; the Son of Man that thou visitest him’ (Psalms, viii, 3–4).\n<br/>\n<br/>Blake stresses the difference between Job's finite world and the infinite world of his vision by placing God on a cloud rather than on the earth; however, the flames of inspiration spread beyond God to embrace the kneeling figures of Job and his wife though they only just touch the three friends. In the lower margin an angel is shown with a quill, accompanying the open books and scroll bearing the quotations from St John. Wicksteed identifies her as Jerusalem but Lindberg doubts this; as she is definitely female she cannot be St John herself but is presumably his muse.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "1 Samuel, chapter 2", "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "angel", "arm / arms raised", "beard", "Bible: New Testament", "Bible: Old Testament", "blessing", "body", "book, ‘Bible’", "caption", "crouching", "family", "God", "head in hand / hands", "husband", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 42", "Job’s wife", "John, chapter 10", "John, chapter 14", "John, chapter 3", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "kneeling", "man", "natural phenomena", "objects", "people", "printed text", "Psalms, 8", "quotation", "rays", "reading, writing, printed matter", "recoiling", "religion and belief", "scroll", "society", "standing", "symbols and personifications", "universal religious imagery", "wife", "worship" ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "1 November 2011 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "3 July 2012 – 21 October 2012", "endDate": "2012-10-21", "id": 7350, "startDate": "2012-07-03", "venueName": "Fundació “la Caixa” (Madrid, Spain)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 4616, "startDate": "2011-11-01", "title": "Blake Exhibition", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 April 2015", "endDate": "2015-04-06", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "13 May 2013 – 6 April 2015", "endDate": "2015-04-06", "id": 7509, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 6078, "startDate": "2013-05-13", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This is plate 18 of the set of twenty-one <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engraved</span></a> illustrations to the 'Book of Job'. They were commissioned by Blake's friend, the artist John Linnell (1792-1882) and Blake worked on them from 1823 to 1825. We know from Linnell that the plates for this series were 'cut with the graver entirely on copper without the aid of [<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/etching\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Etching'\"><span>etching</span></a> acid]'. The effects of darkness and light achieved by this method, combined with the recurring energy of pure line, are always appropriate to the subject. In this sense of unity, the 'Job' series ranks among Blake's supreme achievements as a <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>printmaker</span></a>. The burin and the palette seen in the margin next to an open bible link the artist with Christ's work as a preacher.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-jobs-sacrifice-a00029\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00029</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00029</span> <b>Job's Sacrifice</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 198×150 (7 13/16×5 7/8); platemark 218×171 (8 5/8×6 3/4)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake inv &amp; sculpt’ b.r., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by Will Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘18’ t.r., and with texts given below\n<br/></p>\n<p>Illustration no.18: Job, xlii, 8–10. Blake's main text is ‘and my Servant Job shall pray for you’, that is, his friends (Job, lxii, 8). The consequences are given in the two other main quotations: ‘Also the Lord accepted Job’ (Job, lxii, 9) and ‘And the Lord turned the captivity of Job when he prayed for his Friends’ (Job, lxii, 10). The moral is pointed by a long quotation from Matthew, v, 44–5, 48: ‘I say unto you/ Love your Enemies bless them/that curse you/do good to them/that hate you &amp; pray for them/that despitefull[y]/use you &amp; perse/cute you/That you may be/the children of/your Father which/is in heaven, for he maketh his Sun to shine on the E/vil &amp; the Good &amp;/sendeth rain on/the Just &amp; the Unjust/Be ye therefore/perfect as your Fa/ther which is in heaven is perfect’.\n<br/>\n<br/>Job stands in front of the altar in the pose of the crucified. The <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> is based on that of ‘Noah and the Rainbow, “The Covenant”’, painted <i>c</i>.1803–5 for Thomas Butts (Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.; Butlin 1981, no.437, pl.514). In this, as in the engraving and the preliminary Linnell watercolour and Fitzwilliam Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/g/graphite\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Graphite'\"><span>pencil</span></a> sketch, the main figure is seen from behind, though in the Butts watercolour he faces the viewer.</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "altar", "arm / arms raised", "Bible: New Testament", "Bible: Old Testament", "book, ‘Bible’", "caption", "family", "fire", "husband", "inscriptions", "Job", "Job, chapter 42", "kneeling", "man", "Matthew chapter 5", "natural phenomena", "objects", "people", "prayer", "printed text", "quotation", "rays", "reading, writing, printed matter", "religion and belief", "religious and ceremonial", "sacrifice", "society", "symbols and personifications", "universal religious imagery", "wife", "woman", "worship" ]

[ { "append_role_to_name": false, "date": "1757–1827", "fc": "William Blake", "prepend_role_to_name": false, "role_display": "artist", "url": "https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39" } ]

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[ { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "14 June 2008 – 31 August 2008", "endDate": "2008-08-31", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "14 June 2008 – 31 August 2008", "endDate": "2008-08-31", "id": 4235, "startDate": "2008-06-14", "venueName": "Shipley Art Galley (Gateshead, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": null } ], "id": 3583, "startDate": "2008-06-14", "title": "Eighteenth Century Blues", "type": "Loan-out" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "12 September 2012 – 31 January 2014", "endDate": "2014-01-31", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "12 September 2012 – 13 January 2013", "endDate": "2013-01-13", "id": 5400, "startDate": "2012-09-12", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 4474, "startDate": "2012-09-12", "title": "Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Avant-Garde", "type": "Exhibition" }, { "artistRoomsTour": false, "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "exhibitionLegs": [ { "dateText": "20 April 2015 – 7 May 2017", "endDate": "2017-05-07", "id": 9528, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "venueName": "Tate Britain (London, UK)", "venueWebsiteUrl": "http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/" } ], "id": 7824, "startDate": "2015-04-20", "title": "William Blake", "type": "Collection based display" } ]

[ { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p>This is an illustration to chapter 42, verses 13-15 of the Book of Job. The main title comes from verse 15. The names of Job's daughters were Jemima, Kezia and Kerenhappuch. They are all seen against a background which depicts some of the trials Job has passed through. On the left is the destruction of his servants by the Chaldeans, described in Job, chapter 1, verse 17. On the right is the destruction of Job's ploughmen, described in chapter 1, verses 14-15. Behind Job's head God appears in the whirlwind. Blake treated this subject in his Job series and the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>print</span></a> is shown nearby.</p>", "display_name": "Display caption", "publication_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00", "slug_name": "display-caption", "type": "DISPLAY_CAPTION" }, { "ajax_url": null, "canonical_url": null, "content": "<p><a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-daughters-a00031\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00031</span></a> [from] <b>Illustrations to <i>The Book of Job</i>: Engravings</b>\n1823–6/1874 [<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-a00012\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00012</span></a>-<a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-job-and-his-family-restored-to-prosperity-a00032\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00032</span></a>; <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-title-page-of-the-book-of-job-t05845\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>T05845</span></a>; complete]\n<br/></p>\n<p>A 00012–32 /-\n<br/>Twenty-two line engravings on india paper laid on drawing paper approx. 510×345 (20×13 1/2)\n<br/>Purchased with the assistance of a special grant from the National Gallery and donations from the National Art-Collections Fund, Lord Duveen and others, and presented through the National Art-Collections Fund 1919\n<br/>PROVENANCE John Linnell; his heirs, sold Christie's 15 March 1918 (183) £33.12.0.bt Martin for the donors\n<br/>LITERATURE Gilchrist 1863, 1, pp.283–4, 297; Wicksteed 1910 and 1924; Russell <i>Engravings</i> 1912, 102–15 no.33: Keynes <i>Bibliography</i> 1921, pp.179–82 no.55: Binyon and Keynes 1935, series repr. vol.VI; Keynes <i>Engravings</i> 1950, pp.16–17, series repr.pls. 42–68; Keynes <i>Writings</i> 1957, pp.869–70, 872, 874, 876–7; S. Foster Damon, <i>Blake's Job</i> 1966, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Records</i> 1969, pp.234 n.i, 277–397 <i>passim</i>, 586–605; Andrew Wright <i>Blake's Job: A Commentary</i> 1972, series repr.; Lindberg 1973, pp.24–32, 40–52, 167–76, 183–352 nos.0A–21A, series repr.; Bentley <i>Blake Books</i> 1977, pp.517–24 no.421; Bindman <i>Graphic Works</i> 1978, pp.486–7 nos.625–46, series repr.; Mitchell 1978, pp.41–2; Essick <i>Printmaker</i> 1981, pp.92, 105, 220, 234–50, 252; Robert N. Essick, ‘Blake's Engravings to the Book of Job; An Essay on their Graphic Form with a Catalogue of their States and Printings’ in David Bindman, ed., <i>William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job</i> 1987, pp.35–101.\n<br/></p>\n<p>John Linnell, who had commissioned the second set of <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/w/watercolour\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Watercolour'\"><span>watercolour</span></a> illustrations to the Book of Job in 1821, entered into a formal agreement with Blake for the <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/engraving\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Engraving'\"><span>engravings</span></a> on 25 March 1823: Linnell was to pay Blake £5 a plate or £100 for the set, and in addition he agreed to give Blake an extra £100 if the profits of the work made this possible. The agreement was for twenty engravings though in the event twenty-one subjects were engraved together with a title-page. On 5 March 1825 Linnell went with Blake to the printer J. Lahee to see proofs being taken. The series is dated 8 March 1825 but the final engravings do not seem actually to have been ready until the end of March 1826 (Bentley 1969, pp.277, 300 and 327). At this time 215 sets of engravings marked ‘<a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/proof\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Proof'\"><span>Proof</span></a>’ were issued; these should be distinguished from the working proofs, on some of which Blake tried out designs for the borders. The word ‘Proof’ was then deleted (traces can be seen on <a class=\"acno-pop\" data-gtm-destination=\"page--artwork\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/blake-satan-before-the-throne-of-god-a00013\" title=\"View the details of this artwork\"><span>A00013</span></a>) and a further 100 sets were printed on <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/drawing\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Drawing'\"><span>drawing</span></a> <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/paper\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Paper'\"><span>paper</span></a>. According to John Linnell Jr, writing to Bernard Quaritch on 6 May 1892, Linnell, after the 1826 printing, ‘put the plates away, &amp; they were never again used after this time until the year 1874. At this time my father...had one hundred copies printed from the plates upon India paper’. Although the distinctive cover is now missing, it seems that the Tate Gallery's copies of the engravings are from this 1874 printing. The original plates were given by Herbert Linnell to the British Museum <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/p/print\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Print'\"><span>Print</span></a> Room on 28 May 1919.\n<br/>\n<br/>Each engraving is inscribed ‘W Blake inv. &amp; sculp’. In addition each is inscribed in the lower margin with variations of the text ‘London. Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake No3 Fountain Court Strand’; the first actual design (<span>A00012</span>) is mistakenly dated with the year 1828 and ‘Will^m’ is sometimes substituted for ‘William’, while the punctuation is also slightly varied.\n<br/>\n<br/>More importantly, the borders of each design bear a number of inscriptions taken from the Bible or with variations of biblical texts. These add a verbal gloss to the designs which in themselves embody Blake's critical reaction to the original story as set out in the Old Testament. The fullest analysis is in Lindberg though Wicksteed, Damon 1966 and Wright also contain full commentaries. Blake's interpretation of his text is only given in summary form in this catalogue.\n<br/>\n<br/>These engravings were formerly inventoried as nos.3372 i–xxii. The new inventory numbers omit the title-page.\n<br/>\n<br/><span>A00031</span> <b>Job and his Daughters</b>\n<br/>\n<br/>Line engraving 199×151 (7 13/16×5 15/16); platemark 217×170 (8 5/8×6 11/16)</p>\n<p>Inscribed ‘WBlake invenit &amp; Sc’ b.r., ‘London Published as the Act directs March 8:1825 by William Blake N^o3 Fountain Court Strand’ below, ‘20’ t.r., and with texts given below</p>\n<p>EXHIBITED Tate Gallery 1958 (203, repr.)\n<br/>\n<br/>Illustration no.20: Job, xlii, 13–15. The main text is ‘There were not found Women fair as the Daughters of Job/in all the Land &amp; their Father gave them Inheritance/ among their Brethren’ (Job, lxii, 15). The two other quotations are from the Psalms: ‘How precious are thy thoughts/unto me O God/how great is the sum of them’ (Psalms, cxxxix, 17), and ‘If I ascend up into Heaven thou art there/If I make my bed in Hell behold Thou/art there’ (Psalms, cxxxix, 8).\n<br/>\n<br/>The Book of Job contains no more than a passing reference to Job's three daughters (and seven sons), to their beauty and to how Job gave them their inheritance; their names are also given, Jemima, Kezia and Keren-Happuch. Lindberg points out that Blake has drawn on the apocryphal Testament of Job in which Job, shortly before his death, tells his daughters of his afflictions and of his salvation. In the main design Job points out, on the walls of the room, depictions of incidents from his life. They are, on the left, the destruction of his servants by the Chaldeans (Job, i, 17) with Satan hovering overhead, on the right that of his ploughmen (by Satan himself, again shown hovering overhead, rather than by the Sabeans mentioned in Job, i, 15), and in the centre God appearing in the whirlwind (see design 13, no.122).\n<br/>\n<br/>All the other versions of this <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/c/composition\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Composition'\"><span>composition</span></a> among the various Job series and related sketches show the scene at least partially out of doors. However, in this, apparently the last version of the subject, Blake reverts to the interior setting of the small <a class=\"glossarylinktopopup\" data-gtm-destination=\"article-page\" data-gtm-name=\"body_text_link\" href=\"http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/t/tempera\" title=\"Glossary definition for 'Tempera'\"><span>tempera</span></a> painted <i>c</i>. 1799–1800 for Thomas Butts (Butlin 1981, no.394, colour pl.500).</p>\n<p>\n<br/><b>Published in:</b>\n<br/>Martin Butlin, <i>William Blake 1757-1827</i>, Tate Gallery Collections, V, London 1990\n<br/>\n<br/>\n<br/></p>\n", "display_name": "Catalogue entry", "publication_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00", "slug_name": "catalogue-entry", "type": "CATALOGUE_ENTRY" } ]

[ "actions: expressive", "actions: postures and motions", "adults", "agriculture and fishing", "arm / arms raised", "attacking", "beard", "Bible: Old Testament", "body", "caption", "crouching", "daughter", "family", "family", "father", "fine arts and music", "God", "group", "groups", "inscriptions", "instrument, lyre", "Job", "Job, chapter 1", "Job, chapter 42", "Judaeo-Christian imagery", "man, old", "objects", "people", "plants and flowers", "ploughing", "printed text", "quotation", "religion and belief", "running", "sitting", "society", "symbols and personifications", "vine", "weather", "whirlwind", "woman", "work and occupations" ]