section: Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings)
question: What are examples of external forcings?
article: Global warming
candidates: Initial causes of temperature changes (external forcings). The climate system can respond to changes in "external forcings." External forcings can "push" the climate in the direction of warming or cooling. Examples of external forcings include changes in atmospheric composition (e.g., increased concentrations of greenhouse gases), solar luminosity, volcanic eruptions, and variations in Earth's orbit around the Sun. Orbital cycles vary slowly over tens of thousands of years and at present are in an overall cooling trend which would be expected to lead towards an ice age, but the 20th century instrumental temperature record shows a sudden rise in global temperatures.