I remember the day I collected the first harvest of our family farm.

It was a hot summer day, and the sun was beating down on us as we worked in the fields.

But we didn't mind, because we were excited to see the fruits of our labor.

We had been working hard all season, and it was finally time to reap the rewards.

We picked the ripe tomatoes and peppers, and we carefully loaded them into the back of the truck.

Then we drove them back to the farm, where we washed and sorted them.

After we had finished cleaning the vegetables, we put them in the smoker.

The smoke from the wood fire slowly permeated the vegetables, giving them a delicious flavor.

We smoked them for several hours, until they were perfectly cooked.

We were all so proud of our work, and we couldn't wait to share the delicious vegetables with our family and friends.

That night, we had a big feast, and we all ate and drank to our hearts' content.

It was a truly memorable day, and one that I will never forget.

Ndikhumbula mhla ndavuna isivuno sokuqala kwifama yethu yosapho.

Ngaloo mini ilanga lehlobo lalitshisa, ibe sasitshiswa lelo langa njengokuba sisebenza emasimini.

Kodwa sasingakhathazeki, kuba sasivuyiswa kukubona iziqhamo zomsebenzi wethu.

Besisoloko sisebenza nzima isizini yonke, kwaye kwada kwaba lixesha lokuzuza umvuzo.

Savuna iitumata neepepile, kwaye sazipakisha ngenyameko emva etrakini.

Emva koko zazithatha saya naza efama, apho sazihlamba khona saza sazisota.

Sakuba sigqibile ukuhlamba loo mifuno, sayiqhumisela ngomsi.

Umsi womlilo weenkuni kancinane wangena kuloo mifuno, yatsho ngencasa emnandi.

Sazipheka siziqhumisela ngomsi kangangeeyure, zada zavuthwa tebhe.

Sonke sasizidla ngomsebenzi wethu, kwaye sasingxamele ukuya kutya loo mifuno imnandi nosapho nabahlobo bethu.

Ngobo busuku, saba nesidlo esikhulu, kwaye satya saza sasela sanela.

Iya kuhlala ezinkumbulweni loo mini, andisoze ndiyilibale.


Scene: A meeting room in a business office.

A man, Kevin, and a woman, Elena, are sitting at a table.

Kevin: I've been thinking about starting a new business.

Elena: That's great! What kind of business?

But I've been reading about this new technology that allows you to extract sand from seawater.

I think it could be a really profitable business.

But how would you get the sand out of the water?

Kevin: There are a few different ways to do it.

One way is to use a machine that filters the water.

Another way is to use a chemical process to dissolve the salt from the water.

Elena: It sounds like it could be a very expensive business to start.

Kevin: It would be, but I think the potential profits would be worth it.

I'm going to need to do some more research before I can make a decision.

Imeko: Kwigumbi lentlanganiso kwiofisi yaseshishinini.

Indoda, uKevin, nenenekazi, uElena, bahleli etafileni.

UKevin: Bendisoloko ndicinga ngokuqalisa ishishini elitsha.

Elena: Intl loo nto! Hlobo luni lweshishini?

Kodwa bendifunda ngale teknoloji intsha ekuvumela ukuba ukhuphe isanti kumanzi olwandle.

Ndicinga ukuba ingalishishini elinengeniso ngokwenene.

Ngoku uza kuyisusa njani isanti emanzini?

Kevin: Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza oku.

Ekuphela kwendlela kukusebenzisa umatshini ohluza amanzi.

Enye indlela kukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ukukhupha ityiwa emanzini.

Elena: Ivakala ngathi kuza kubiza imali eninzi ukuqalisa eli shishini.

Kevin: Kunganjalo kona, kodwa ndicinga ukuba ingeniso eliza kuba nayo iwufanele loo mzamo.

Kuza kufunaka ndikhe ndiphande ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ndenze isigqibo.


Charity begins at home is a proverb that means that people should take care of their own family and community before helping others.

The phrase is often used to encourage people to be more charitable to those in need, but it can also be used to justify selfishness or inaction.

One example of how the phrase might be used is if someone is asked to donate to a charity that helps people in a foreign country.

The person might say that they would rather donate to a local charity that helps people in their own community.

This is because they believe that it is more important to help those who are close to them than those who are far away.

The phrase "charity begins at home" can be traced back to the Bible.

In the book of Matthew, Jesus says, "If you give to the poor, your gift will be given back to you full measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over.

For by your standard of measure it will be measured to you in return." (Matthew 6:20).

This verse suggests that people should be generous to others, but it also implies that they should start by being generous to those who are close to them.

Ingqeqesho iqala ekhaya eso sisaci esithi abantu bafanele bajonge iintsapho zabo neendawo abahlala kuzo ngaphambi kokunceda abanye.

Eli binzana lidla ngokusetyenziswa naxa kusithiwa abantu bamele bancede abo badingayo, kodwa lingasetyenziswa nokuthethelela ukucingela isiqu sakho wedwa okanye ukungafuni kwenza nto.

Omnye umzekelo wendlela elingasetyenziswa ngayo eli gama kuxa umntu ecelwa anikele kumbutho wesisa oza kunceda abantu belinye ilizwe.

Loo mntu usenokuthi yena uza kunikela kumbutho walapha ekuhlaleni ukunceda abantu bendawo ahlala kuyo.

Oku kungenxa yokuba ukholelwa ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi ukunceda abo basondele kubo kunabo bakude kubo.

Xa ulikhangela eli binzana lithi "ingqeqesho iqala ekhaya" ungalifumana eBhayibhileni.

Kwincwadi kaMateyu, uYesu uthi, "Ukuba nipha abangamahlwempu, izipho zenu ziya kubuyela kuni zingumlinganiselo ozeleyo, zihlohliwe, zahlukuhlwa neziphuphumayo.

Kuba umlinganiselo enilinganisela ngawo, niya kulinganiselwa kwangawo nani." (Mateyu 6:20).

Le vesi ibonisa ukuba abantu bafanele babe nobubele kwabanye, kodwa ikwabonisa ukuba bamele baqale babe nobubele kwabo basondele kubo.


The hippie movement was a social and cultural phenomenon that emerged in the United States during the 1960s.

It was characterized by its rejection of mainstream values and its emphasis on peace, love, and freedom.

Music played an important role in the hippie movement, as it helped to create a sense of community and shared identity among its members.

The music of the hippie movement was diverse, but it was often characterized by its experimental nature and its focus on spirituality and social change.

Some of the most popular hippie bands included the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and the Doors.

These bands created a new sound that was unlike anything that had come before, and their music helped to inspire the counterculture movement.

The hippie movement has had a lasting impact on music, and its influence can still be seen today.

Many modern bands continue to draw inspiration from the hippie era, and its values of peace, love, and freedom continue to resonate with people around the world.

One of the most important aspects of hippie music was its emphasis on balance.

Hippie musicians sought to create music that was both beautiful and meaningful, and they often drew inspiration from a variety of sources, including Eastern philosophy, world music, and psychedelic drugs.

Umbutho wamahippie wawuyeyona nto yakha yatshatshela kwezentlalo nakwinkcubeko yaseMerika ngeminyaka yee-1960.

Eyona nto yayiphambili kukuba kwangafunwa ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuziphatha kwaye yayibethelela uxolo, uthando, nenkululeko.

Umculo wawunendima ephambili kubuhippie, kuba wawunceda abantu bazive bengabahlali abamanyeneyo kwaye benento abafana ngayo namanye amalungu.

Umculo wobuhippie wawunabe kakhulu, kodwa ubukhulu becala wawusoloko usiza nezinto ezintsha kwaye wawufuna kubekho utshintsho kwezomphefumlo nakwezentlalo.

Amanye amaqela awayedumile obuhippie yayingala iGrateful Dead, iJefferson Airplane, kunye nee the Doors.

La maqela eza nesingqi esitsha esingafaniyo neso sangaphambili, kwaye umculo wabo wanceda wavusa imibutho eneenkcubekho ngeenkcubekho.

Ubuhippie buye banefuthe elihlala lihleli emculweni, kwaye impembelelo yawo isabonakala nanamhlanje.

Amaqela amaninzi anamhlanje asaqhubeka enefuthe ukusuka kwixesha lamahippie, kwaye izimvo zawo zoxolo, uthando, kunye nenkululeko zisaqhubeka zikhona ezingqondweni zabantu ehlabathini lonke.

Enye into eyayibalulekile kumculo wobuhippie yayikukubethelela kwawo ibhalansi.

Iimvumi zobuhippie zazizama ukudlala umculo omnandi nonentsingiselo, kwaye zazifumana impembelelo kwimithombo eyahlukileyo, kuquka ifilosofi yaseMphuma, umculo wehlabathi lonke kunye neziyobisi eziphazamisa ingqondo.


Applicant: I've always found math to be easy. I enjoy the logical thinking and problem-solving involved. In my previous job, I was responsible for developing mathematical models to analyze data and make predictions. I also taught math courses at the local community college.

Employer: That sounds like you have a lot of experience with math. What are your thoughts on the importance of math in the workplace?

Applicant: I think math is essential for any job that requires analytical thinking. It's also important for communicating complex ideas in a clear and concise way. In my current role, I use math to develop marketing plans, analyze customer data, and create financial projections.

Employer: I'm impressed with your math skills and experience. I think you'd be a great addition to our team.

Applicant: Thank you for the opportunity.

Umfaki sicelo: Oko ndafumanisa ukuba izibalo zilula. Ndiyakuthanda ukucinga ngendlela esebenzisa ingqondo nokucombulula iingxaki. Kwindawo endandiphangela kuyo, ndandisebenza ngokuvelisa iimodeli zemaths ukuze kuphicothwe imihla nezinto ezicazulula idatha kuze kuqikelelwe izinto eziza kwenziwa. Kwakhona ndandifundisa abahlali ekholeni.

Umqeshi: Kuvakal ngathi unamava nyhani kwemaths. Ucinga ntoni ngokubaluleka wemaths empangelweni?

Umfaki sicelo: Ndicinga ukuba imaths ibalulekile kuwo nawuphina umsebenzi ofuna kucingwe ngendlela enolandelelwano. Kwakhoa ibalulekile xa kuthethwa ngeembono ezinzima ukuze zicace zibumbane. Apho ndikhoyo ngoku, ndisebenzisa imatsh ukuvelisa iiplani zokumaketha, ukuphicotha iatha yabathengi, kunye nokubala ezezimali kwangaphambili.

Umqeshi: Ndichukumisekile bubugcisa bakho namava akho emaths. Ndicinga ukuba uza kuba lulutho kweqela lethu.

Umfaki sicelo: Enkosi ngokundipha ithuba.


The title of the story is "The Basketball Game".

It is about a group of students who are playing basketball in the school gym.

They are all having a lot of fun, and they are working together as a team.

One of the students, named Ayanda, is new to the school, and she is not very good at basketball.

But she is trying her best, and her teammates are encouraging her.

One of the students, named Christian, is the best player on the team.

He is very talented, and he is always willing to help his teammates.

He is a good leader, and he sets a good example for the other students.

The students are all playing hard, and they are all very excited.

The game is close, and it is going down to the wire.

In the final seconds, Christian makes a basket to win the game for his team.

The students all celebrate, and they are all very happy.

They have all learned a lot about teamwork and sportsmanship, and they have all had a lot of fun.

Umxholo weli bali uthi "Umdlalo Webasketball".

Lithetha ngabadlali abadlala ibasketball kwindawo yokujima esikolweni.

Bonwabe gqitha, kwaye bayasebenzisana njengeqela.

Omnye wabafundi, ogama linguAyanda, uyafika kwesi sikolo, kwaye akakakwazi kakuhle ukudlala ibasketball.

Kodwa uzama ngamandla, kwaye abo bakwiqela lakhe bayamkhuthaza.

Omnye wabafundi, ogama linguChristian, ngoyena mdlalo uphambili eqeleni.

Unesiphiwo kakhulu, usoloko ekulungele ukunceda abo adlala nabo.

Ukhokela kakuhle, kwaye ungumzekelo omhle kwabanye abafundi.

Abafundi bayazibhokoxa emdlalweni, kwaye bachulumance kakhulu.

Bonke banethemba lokuphumelela emdlalweni.

Kwimizuzwana yokugqibela, uChristian ufaka ibhola emnatheni laza iqela lakhe laphumelela.

Abafundi batsho bavuye bonke, kwaye bonke bonwabile.

Boonke bafunde lukhulu ngokusebenza kunye njengeqela nokuba ngabadlali ababambiseneyo, kwaye bonke baye bonwaba kakhulu.


Patrick loved to spend his free time pursuing his hobbies.

He was an avid reader and would often spend hours in the library or curled up in his favorite chair with a good book.

He also enjoyed playing the guitar and would often practice for hours on end.

Patrick also loved to go hiking and camping with his friends and family.

He found peace and tranquility in the great outdoors.

UPatrick uyakuthanda ukuchitha ixesha lakhe esenza ezinye izinto azithandayo.

Ebekuthanda kakhulu ukufunda kwaye ebedla ngokuchitha iiyure elayibrari okanye azisonge esitulweni sakhe asithandayo afunde incwadi emnandi.

Kwakhona wayekuthanda ukudlala ikatara kwaye ebedla ngokuprektiza kangangeeyure kuze kuyovalwa.

UPatrick uyakuthanda ukunyuka iintaba abethwe ngumoya nokukampisha nabahlobo nosapho.

Wayefumana uxolo nenzolo xa engaphandle.


"The beauty of traditional dance forms lies in their simplicity," said the dancer.

"Each movement is carefully choreographed to express a specific emotion or idea.

The result is a work of art that is both visually stunning and emotionally moving."

"But what about the difficulty?" asked the student. "Traditional dances are often very challenging to learn."

"That is true," said the dancer. "But the challenge is part of what makes them so rewarding.

When you finally master a difficult dance, you feel a sense of accomplishment that is unlike anything else."

"I can see why you love traditional dance so much," said the student "It's a truly unique art form."

"It is," said the dancer "And I'm grateful to have had the opportunity to share it with you".

"Ubuhle bomdaniso wesintu bulele ekuwenzeni ngokulula," watsho omnye umdanisi.

"Intshukumo nganye icetywe kakuhle ukuze ikhuphe imvakalelo okanye imbono ethile.

Kutsho kuphume umdaniso othi ndijonge nokutsho kulaa ndawo emphefumlweni."

"Kodwa kuthekani ngobunzima?" wabuza omnye umfundi. "Imidaniso yesintu kudla ngokuba nzima ukuyifunda."

"Kunjalo," watsho lo mdanisi. "Kodwa enye yezinto ezikwenza uzive wanelisekile yiloo mingeni kanye.

Xa ude wawazi ekugqibeleni umdaniso onzima, uziva ugqwese ukodlula yonke enye into."

"Ndiyayibona ngoku into ekwenza uthande umdaniso wesintu kangaka," watsho omnye umfundi "Luhlobo olukhethekileyo lobugcisa."

"Kunjalo," watsho omnye umdanisi "Ndiyabulela kuba ndiye ndanethuba lokuthetha nawe ngawo".


She had spent so many years feeling ashamed of herself, of her body, of her desires.

She had let others tell her that she was wrong, that she was dirty, that she was not worthy of love.

But at the reunion, she finally saw that they were wrong.

She was worthy of love, and she deserved to be happy.

Bella's anger was healthy because it was a response to the injustice she had faced.

She was angry that she had been made to feel ashamed of herself, and she was angry that she had been denied her right to love.

It motivated her to fight for her rights, and it helped her to reclaim her sense of self-worth.

At the reunion, Bella finally found the strength to stand up for herself.

Wachitha iminyaka emininzi engumntu oneentloni ngaye siqu, ngomzimba wakhe, nangezinto azinqwenelayo.

Wayevumela abanye bamxelele ukuba urongo, umdaka, kwaye akafanelanga ngokuthandwa.

Kodwa xa kwakulitheko lokudibana emva kweminyaka, wabona ekugqibeleni ukuba ngabo ababerongo.

Wayekufanele ukuthandwa, kwaye wayefanelwe nakukonwaba.

Umsindo kaBella wawufanelekile kuba wayecatshukiswa kukungabikho kobulungisa okwenziwa kuye.

Wayecaphuke gqitha kuba wayehlaziswa, wayecatshukiswa kukuba wayevinjwa ithuba lokuthandwa.

Kodwa ke umsindo wakhe wavelisa okuthile.

Wamenza walwelwa amalungelo akhe, kwaye wamnceda wazibona ukuba naye ubalulekile.

Kwelo theko lokudibana emva kweminyaka, uBella wade wafumana amandla okuzimela.


A young woman is searching for food in a dumpster.

She is wearing tattered clothing and her hair is matted.

She looks around cautiously, as if she is afraid of being caught.

She finds a few cans of food and puts them in a bag.

She then walks away, her mind filled with thoughts of how she will feed herself and her children.

Intwazana encinane ihamba ikhangela ukutya emigqomeni.

Inxibe amavukuvuku kwaye iinwele zidlakadlaka.

Iyabhekabheka ilumkile, kuba yoyika ukubhaqwa.

Ichola iitoti ezimbalwa ezinokutya ize izifake ebhegini.

Emva koko iyahamba, ingqondo yayo icinga ukuba iza kuzondla njani yona nabantwana bayo.


The little girl stood on the street corner, shivering in the cold.

She had been trying to sell matches all day, but no one had bought any.

She was about to give up when she saw a man approaching.

He looked like he was in a hurry, but he stopped when he saw the little girl.

"What are you doing out here all alone?" he asked.

"I'm trying to sell matches," the little girl said. "But no one will buy them."

"Well, I'll buy one," the man said "But you have to give me a rose in exchange."

The little girl was surprised, but she agreed.

She ran home and picked a beautiful rose.

Then she went back to the man and gave him the match and the rose.

"Thank you," the man said "You're a kind girl." He took the match and lit it.

As the flame grew, the little girl saw that it was a magic match.

It turned into a beautiful bouquet of roses.

Le ntwazana yema ekoneni yesitrato, ingcangcazela kukugodola.

Ibizama ukuthengisa iimatshisi imini yonke kodwa akhomntu uye wathenga.

Ithe kanye xa sele iza kunikezela yabona ndoda ithile isiza.

Yayibonakala ingxamile, kodwa yema yakubona le ntwazana.

"Wenza ntoni apha wedwa?" yabuza le ndoda.

"Ndizama ukuthengisa iimatshisi," yatsho le ntwazana. "Kodwa akhomntu uthengayo."

"Kulungile ke, ndiza kuzithenga," yatsho le ndoda "Kodwa kuza kufuneka undinike irose ke nam."

Yabaleka yagoduka yaya kukha irose entle.

Emva koko yabuyela kule ndoda yaza yayinika imatshisi nerose.

"Ndiyabulela," yatsho le ndoda "Uyintombazana enobubele." Yathatha imatshisi yaza yaqhwitha.

Njengokuba umlilo wawukhulua, le ntwazana yabona ukuba yayingumatshisi womlingo lo.

Yavele yakhula yaba sisixa seerose ezintle.


The elephants can roam freely without fear of being hunted, and the farmers can be sure that their crops will not be destroyed.

Radio collars are small devices that are attached to an animal's neck.

They emit a signal that can be tracked by a receiver.

This allows scientists to track the animal's movements over time.

In the case of elephants, this information can be used to create maps of their home ranges and to identify areas where they are most likely to come into conflict with humans.

Farmers can use this information to take steps to protect their crops from elephants.

They can build fences, plant thorny bushes, or use other methods to deter elephants from entering their fields.

By working together, scientists and farmers can help to keep both elephants and humans safe.

Here is an example of how radio collars have been used to help elephants and farmers.

In Kenya, scientists from the University of Cambridge have been working with local communities to track the movements of elephants.

This information has been used to create maps of the elephants' home ranges.

The maps have been shared with farmers, who have used them to build fences around their fields.

This has helped to reduce the number of conflicts between elephants and humans.

Radio collars are a valuable tool for studying elephants and for helping to reduce human-elephant conflict.

They provide scientists with valuable information about elephant behavior, and they can help farmers to protect their crops.

By working together, scientists and farmers can help to create a future where elephants and humans can live together in harmony.

Iindlovu zingazulazula ngokukhululekileyo zingoyiki ukuzingelwa, kwaye amafama angaqiniseka ukuba izityalo zawo azinakuze zitshatyalaliswe.

Iiradio collars ziizixhobo ezincinane ezifakwa apha entanyeni yezilwanyana.

Zikhupha isiginali enokuthi ilandeleleke ngesixhobo esiphathwayo.

Le nto yenza abesayensi balandele izilwanyana kwiindawo eziya kuzo kangangexesha elide.

Kwiindlovu, le nkcazelo ingasetyenziswa ukwenza iimephu zeendawo ezikuzo zize zincede kubonwe ukuba zeziphi iindawo ekukho amathuba amaninzi okungquzulana nabantu.

Amafama angasebenzisa le nkcazelo ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela izityalo zawo kwiindlovu.

Angabiya, atyale imithana enameva, okanye asebenzise ezinye iindlela ukuthintela iindlovu zingangeni emasimini awo.

Xa besebenzisana, abesayensi namafama bangaceda bagcine iindlovu nabantu bekhuselekile.

Nanku umzekelo wendlela iiradio collars eziye zasetyenziswa ngayo ukunceda iindlovu namafama.

EKenya, abesayensi abavela kwiUniversity of Cambridge bebesebenzisana noluntu ekuhlaleni ukulandelela iindawo ezihamba kuzo iindlovu.

Le nkcazelo iye yasetyenziswa ukwenza iimephu zendlela egodukayo yeendlovu.

Ezi mephu ziye zanikwa amafama, aye azisebenzisa ukuze abiyele amasimi awo.

Oku kuye kwanceda kwehlisa inani longquzulwano phakathi kweendlovu nabantu.

Iiradio collars zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ukufunda iindlovu nokunceda ukunciphisa ungquzulwano lwabantu neendlovu.

Zinceda abesayensi bafumane inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngokuziphatha kweendlovu, kwaye zinganceda amafama akhusele izityalo zawo.

Ngokusebenzisana, abesayensi namafama banganceda badale ikamva apho iindlovu nabantu bangahlala kunye ngemvisiswano.


The Mali Empire was a West African empire that reached its peak in the 13th and 14th centuries.

It was founded by Sundiata Keita in 1235 and stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Niger River.

The Mali Empire was a major center of trade and learning, and its rulers were known for their wealth and power.

The empire declined in the 15th century, and was eventually conquered by the Songhai Empire in the 16th century.

One of the most important events in Mali's history was the Battle of Kirina in 1235.

This battle marked the end of the Ghana Empire and the rise of the Mali Empire.

Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali Empire, led his army to victory over the forces of the Ghana Empire.

This victory gave Sundiata Keita control of the gold mines of the Sahel region, and helped to establish the Mali Empire as a major power in West Africa.

Another important event in Mali's history was the reign of Mansa Musa.

Mansa Musa was the third ruler of the Mali Empire, and he reigned from 1312 to 1337.

ULawulo LwaseMali yayiluLawulo LwaseNtshona Afrika olwafikelela incopho yalo kwinkulungwane ye13th neye-14th.

Lwasekwa nguSundiata Keita ngowe-1235 lwaza lwanaba ukususela kwiAtlantic Ocean ukuya eNiger River.

ULawulo LwaseMali lwaba liziko eliyintloko lezentengiso nemfundo, kwaye abalawuli balapho babesaziwa ngobutyebi namandla.

Olu lawulo lwehla amandla alo ngenkulungwane ye-15th, kwaye ekugqibeleni loyiswa luLawulo lwamaSonghai ngenkulungwane ye-16th.

Esona siganeko sibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yaseMali yaba liDabi likaKirina ngowe-1235.

Eli dabi laba sisiphelo soLawulo LwaseGhana nokuvela koLawulo LwaseMali.

USundiata Keita, owaseka uLawulo LwaseMali, wakhokela imikhosi yakhe yoyisa imikhosi yoLawulo LwaseGhana.

Olo loyiso lwanika uSundiata Keita ulawulo lwemigodi yegolide kwingingqi yaseSahel, kaye lwanceda lwamisela uLawulo LwaseMali njengegunya elitshotsh' entla kwiNtshona Afrika.

Esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yaseMali bubukhosi buka Mansa Musa.

UMansa Musa waba ngumlawuli wesithathu woLawulo LwaseMali, kwaye walawula ukususela ngowe-1312 kowe-1337.


In a Google spreadsheet, an absolute reference will always refer to the same cell, regardless of where it is copied or moved to.

Absolute references are useful for cells that contain data that you do not want to change when you copy or move the formula.

For example, if you have a formula that calculates the total sales for each month, you would want to use an absolute reference for the cell that contains the starting date.

This way, the formula will always refer to the same cell, even if you copy it to a different row or column.

You can create an absolute reference by adding a dollar sign ($) to the row number and column letter of the cell reference.

For example, the absolute reference for the cell A1 would be $A$1.

You can also use absolute references to reference a range of cells.

To do this, add a dollar sign to the row number and column letter of each cell in the range.

For example, the absolute reference for the range A1:B1 would be $A$1:$B$1.

Absolute references are a powerful tool that can be used to make your formulas more flexible and easier to use.

By understanding how to use absolute references, you can create formulas that will work even when you copy or move them to different locations.

Here are some additional tips for using absolute references:

* Use absolute references for cells that contain data that you do not want to change.

* Use relative references for cells that contain data that you do want to change.

* Be careful when using mixed references, which are references that contain both absolute and relative references.

* Use the F4 key to toggle between absolute, relative, and mixed references.

By following these tips, you can use absolute references to create powerful and flexible formulas that will make your work in Excel easier and more efficient.

Kwispreadsheet sikaGoogle, kuza kusoloko kukho i-absolute reference ye-cell efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ikotshiwe okanye ithunyelwe apho.

Iiabsolute reference ziluncedo kwii-cells ezinedatha ongafuniyo ukuba itshintshe xa ukopa okanye uthumela i-formula.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba une-formula ezibalela ngokwayo izinto ozithengisileyo nyanga nganye, uza kusebenzisa imbekiselo ethe ngqo kwi-cell enomhla wokuqala.

Ngale ndlela, i-formula iza kusoloko ibhekisela kwiseli kwi-cell, kwanaxa uyikopa ivela kwenye irowu okanye ikholamu.

Ungazenzela absolute reference ngokongeza isayini yedola ($) kwinombolo yerowu nonobumba ochaza ukuba yeyiphi i-cell.

Ngokomzekelo, imbekiselo ethe ngqo ka-cell A1 iza kuthi $A$1.

Kwakhona ungasebenzisa iiabsolute references xa ufuna ukwenza ireferensi kuludwe lee-cells.

Ukuze wenze oku, yongeza isayini yedola kwinombolo yerowu nonobumba wekholamu kuludwe lwee-cell ngalunye.

Ngokomzekelo, iabsolute reference ka A1:B1 iza kuba ngu $A$1:$B$1.

Iiabsolute references zizixhobo ezinamandla ezinokusetyenziswa ukwenza ii-formula zibe bhetyebhetye kwaye kube lula ukuzisebenzisa.

Ngokuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa ii-absolute reference, ungazenzela iiformula eziza kusebenza naxa uzikopa okanye uzuthumela kwenye indawo.

Nanga amanye amacebiso awongezelelekileyo okusebenzisa ii-absolute reference:

* Sebenzisa ii-absolute reference zee-cells ezinedatha ongafuni ukuba zitshintshe.

* Sebenzisa iireference ezithile zee-cells ezinedatha ongafuni kuyitshintsha.

* Lumka xa usebenzisa ii-reference ezixubeneyo, ezizii-reference ezinee-reference ezi-absolute nezi-relative kuzo.

* Sebenzisa iqhosha uF4 ukuhla unyuka phakathi kwee-reference ezi-relative nezixubeneyo.

Xa ulandela la macebiso, ungasebenzisa ii-absolute reference ukuzenzela ii-formula ezisebenza kakuhle nezibhetyebhetye eziza kwenza umsebenzi wakho kwiExcel ibe lula ngakumbi kwaye ichane ngakumbi.


This is because they do not feed on blood.

Instead, they feed on nectar from flowers.

Female mosquitoes, on the other hand, do feed on blood.

They need blood in order to produce eggs.

Male mosquitoes are attracted to light, so they are often found near windows and doors.

They are also attracted to the smell of sweat and CO2.

Female mosquitoes are attracted to the same things, but they are also attracted to the smell of certain chemicals in human blood.

When a female mosquito bites a human, she injects saliva into the skin.

This saliva contains anticoagulants, which prevent the blood from clotting.

Mosquito bites can cause itching and swelling.

In some cases, they can also cause an allergic reaction.

The most common type of allergic reaction to mosquito bites is hives.

Hives are red, raised bumps that appear on the skin.

In rare cases, mosquito bites can cause more serious problems.

For example, some people can develop an infection at the site of the bite.

In some cases, mosquito bites can even lead to death.

The best way to avoid mosquito bites is to wear long sleeves and pants when you are outdoors.

If you do get bitten by a mosquito, you can apply a cold compress to the bite to relieve the itching and swelling.

You can also take an over-the-counter antihistamine to relieve the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Mosquitoes are important carriers of disease.

They can transmit a variety of diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever.

Mosquitoes are responsible for the deaths of millions of people each year.

There are a number of things that can be done to control mosquito populations.

One way is to reduce the number of places where mosquitoes can breed.

This can be done by draining standing water and clearing away vegetation.

Another way to control mosquito populations is to use insecticides.

Insecticides can be used to kill mosquitoes both indoors and outdoors.

Mosquitoes are a major public health problem.

However, there are a number of things that can be done to control mosquito populations and reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.

Kunoko, zizondla ngencindi evela kwiintyatyambo.

Iingcongconi ezingoomama, kwelinye icala, zizondla ngegazi.

Iingcongconi ezingootata zitsalwa kukukhanya, ngoko zithanda ukuba kufutshane neefestile neengcango.

Iingcongconi ezingoomama zitsalwa zizinto ezifanayo, kodwa zikwatsaleleka kwivuma leekhemikhali ezisegazini lomntu.

Xa ingcongconi engumama isitya umntu, ifaka amathe ayo kulusu.

La mathe ane-anticoagulants, ethintela igazi ukuba lingabi namahlwili.

Le ngcongconi iye ke itsale igazi emva koko.

Ukutyiwa yingcongconi kungabangela ukurhawuzela nokudumba.

Kwezinye iimeko, zingabangela ukuba ube nealeji.

Olona hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu lealeji xa utyiwe yingcongconi kukuba namaqhuma.

Amaqhuma zizinto ezibomvu, angathi liqhakuva aba kulusu lwakho.

Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukutyiwa yingcongconi kungabangela ezinye iingxaki ezinzulu.

Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu bangavela babe nolwasuleleko kwindawo ebebetyiwe kuyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, iingcongconi zingade zibangele usweleke.

Eyona ndlela yokuphepha ukutyiwa yingcongconi kukunxiba izinto enemikhono emide nebhlukhwe ende xa ungaphandle.

Kakhona ufanele usebenzise into yokugxotha izinambuzane.

Ukuba utyiwa yingcongconi, unako ukuthambisa into kuloo ndawo utyiwe kuyo ukunciphisa ukurhawuzela nokudumba.

Kwakhona ungazifumanela i-antihistamine ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuba nealeji.

Zingathutha iindidi ngeendidi zezifo, kuquka imalaria, i-dengu fever, ne-yellow fever.

Iingcongconi zingunobangela wokufa kweemiliyoni zabantu nyaka namnye.

Kukho iqela lezinto onokuzenza ukulawula ubuninzi beengcongconi.

Enye indlela kukunciphisa inani leendawo iingcongconi ezinokuzalela kuzo.

Oku kungenziwa ngokuba amanzi agutyulwe ahambe kuze kuchetywe utyani.

Enye indlela yokulawula ubuninzi beengcongconi kukusebenzisa izibulali zinambuzane.

Izibulali zinambuzane zingasetyenziswa ukubulala iingcongcona ngaphakathi nangaphandle endlwini.

Iingcongconi ziyeyona ngxaki kwimpilo kawonkewonke.

Kodwa ke, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ukulawula ubuninzi beengcongconi kuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wezifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi.


He taught that all beings are caught in a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, and that this cycle is perpetuated by our attachments to things in the world.

These attachments can be to anything, from material possessions to ideas and beliefs.

When we are attached to something, we become possessive and controlling, and we suffer when we lose or cannot have what we want.

The Buddha taught that the way to end suffering is to let go of our attachments.

This is not easy, but it is possible through meditation and other spiritual practices.

When we let go of our attachments, we become free from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, and we can experience true peace and happiness.

One of the most important things to remember when trying to let go of our attachments is that we are not our possessions.

We are simply beings who are experiencing the world through our senses.

When we can see ourselves in this way, it becomes easier to let go of the things that we think we need to be happy.

Letting go of our attachments does not mean that we have to give up everything.

It simply means that we need to be able to let go of things when it is time.

We need to be able to let go of the things that are no longer serving us, and we need to be able to let go of the things that we are attached to out of fear or insecurity.

When we can let go of our attachments, we open ourselves up to a new world of possibilities.

We become free to live our lives in a way that is true to ourselves, and we become free to experience the joy and happiness that is our birthright.

Wayefundisa ukuba zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zijongene nomjikelo wokuzalwa, ukufa, nokuphinda zizalwe, kwaye lo mjikelo uqhutywa kukuba sinento esidibanisa nezinto ezikweli hlabathi.

Oku kubopheleleka kungakuyo nayiphina into, isenokuba zizinto zakho eziphathekayo ukuya kutsho kwiimbono onazo neenkolelo.

Xa sibopheleleke kwinto ethile, siye sifuna ukuyinkonya okanye siyilawule, kwaye siye sikhathazeke xa siphulukana nayo okanye singakwazi ukufumana into esiyifunayo.

UBuddha wayefundisa ukuba indlela yokuphelisa intlupheko kukwahlukana nezinto onazo.

Oku akukho lula, kodwa kungenzeka ngokuthi umediteyite uze wenze namanye amasiko enkolo.

Xa sisahlukana nezinto esinazo, sye sikhululeke kumjikelo wobomi wokuba sizalwe, sife, size siphinde sizalwe kwakhona, kwaye singaba seluxolweni nolonwabo lokwenene.

Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu esimele sizikhumbule xa sizama ukwahlukana nezinto kukuba thina asizizo ezi zinto sinazo.

Thina asizombono okanye iinkolelo zethu.

Kuphela nje thina singabantu abanandipha ukuphila ehlabathini lethu sisebenzisa izivamvo zethu.

Xa sizijonga ngolu hlobo, kuba lula ukwahlukana nezinto esicinga ukuba siyazidinga.

Ukwahlukana nezinto esinazo akuthethi ukuba kufuneka sincame yonke into.

Oku kuthetha nje ukuba kufuneka sikwazi ukuncama izinto xa ilixesha loko.

Sidinga ukuba sikwazi ukuncama izinto ezingasasincedi nganto, kwaye kufuneka sikwazi ukuncama izinto esinazo kuba sisoyika okanye siziva singakhuselekanga.

Xa sikwazi ukwahlukana nezinto esinzao, sizinika ithuba lokufumana amathuba amatsha ehlabathi elitsha.

Siye sikhululeke ukuphila ubomi bethu bokuba siyilento simele sibe yiyo, kwaye siye sikhululeke ukunandipha uvuyo nolonwabo nto leyo elilungelo lethu lokuzalwa.


Trains have been a vital part of transportation for centuries.

They are a safe, efficient, and reliable way to travel long distances.

However, the railroad industry requires regular updates to keep pace with the changing needs of passengers.

One of the most important updates that trains need is the installation of new safety features.

In recent years, there have been a number of high-profile train accidents, which have highlighted the need for better safety measures.

New safety features such as positive train control (PTC) can help prevent accidents by automatically stopping trains that are traveling too fast or that are about to collide with another train.

Another important update that trains need is the installation of new technology.

In the past, trains were powered by steam engines.

However, steam engines are inefficient and pollute the environment.

Today, most trains are powered by diesel engines or electric motors.

These engines are more efficient and environmentally friendly.

In addition to safety and technology updates, trains also need to be updated to accommodate the needs of passengers.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of passengers who travel by train.

This has led to overcrowding on trains, which can make for a less comfortable and enjoyable experience.

Oololiwe bebeyindlela ephambili yezothutho kangangamakhulu eminyaka.

Bakhuselekile, basebenza kakuhle, kwaye bayindlela ethembekileyo yokuhamba umgama omde.

Kodwa ke, ishishini lezihamba esiporweni lifuna ukuba lihlaziywe rhoqo ukuze lingasali emva kwizinto ezidingwa ngabakhweli ezitshintshayo.

Enye yeendlela zokuhlaziywa oololiwe abazidingayo kukufakelwa kwezinto ezintsha zokhuseleko.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, bekukho iqela leengozi zikaloliwe, nto leyo ebalaselisa ukuba kufuneka kubekho iindlela ezibhetele zokhuseleko.

Iindlela ezintsha zokhuseleko ezifana ne-positive train control (PTC) zinganceda ukuthintela iingozi ngokuthi zimmise ngokuzenzekelayo uloliwe obaleka ngesantya eziphezulu okanye eziza kungqubana nomnye uloliwe.

Enye indlela yokuphucula oololiwe kufuneka kufakelwe iteknoloji entsha.

Kwixa elidlulileyo, oololiwe bebeneenjini zamalahle.

Kodwa, ii-injini zamalhale azisebenzi kakuhle kwaye zingcolisa indalo esingqongileyo.

Namhlanje, inkoliso yoololiwe ziqhutywa ngenjini yedizili okanye ngee-motor zombane.

Ezi injini zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye azilwi nendalo esingqongileyo.

Ukongezelela kuhlaziyo lokhuseleko kunye neteknoloji, oololiwe bakwadinga nokuhlaziywa ukuze basingathe iintswelo zabakhweli.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwakho ukwanda kwenani labakhweli abahamba ngololiwe.

Oku kubangele ukugcwala kakhulu koololiwe, nto leyo eyenza kungabi mnandi ukuhlala nokuhamba ngazo.


She had always been a talented painter, but after her loss, she found that she was no longer interested in painting pretty landscapes or still lifes.

Instead, she began to create dark, brooding works of art that reflected her inner turmoil.

One of her most famous paintings, "The Death of My Son," is a stark and disturbing image of a young boy lying in a coffin.

The boy's face is peaceful, but his body is twisted and contorted in pain.

The painting is full of symbolism, and it is clear that Mary is using her art to process her grief and anger.

Mary's shift in artistic style was not without its critics.

Some people accused her of being exploitative and insensitive.

Others said that her paintings were too depressing and that they should not be shown in public.

She believed that her art was important, and she wanted to share it with the world.

Mary's work eventually found an audience, and she became one of the most respected artists of her time.

Her paintings are now considered to be masterpieces, and they are still studied and admired by people all over the world.

Mary's story is a reminder that art can be a powerful tool for expression.

It can be used to process grief, anger, and other difficult emotions.

It can also be used to communicate important messages about the human condition.

Mary's paintings are a testament to the power of art, and they continue to inspire people to this day.

Wayesoloko engumzobi onetalente, koda emva kokulahlekelwa kwakhe, wafumanisa ukuba akasenamdla ekuzobeni ukuma komhlaba okubukekayo okanye izinto eziphilayo.

Endaweni yoko, waqalisa ukuzoba izinto ezimnyama, eziluzizi ezibonisa indlela aziva ngayo ngaphakathi.

Omnye wemizobo yakhe edumileyo, "Ukufa Konyana Wama," ngumfanekiso ophazamisa kakhulu wenkwenkwana elele ebhokisini yomngcwabo.

Ubuso baloo nkwenkwana babuseluxolweni, kodwa umzimba wayo wawujijekile ngenxa yentlungu.

Lo mzobo uneepawu ezininzi, kwaye icacile ukuba uMary usebenzisa ubugcisa bakhe ukusebenza intlungu nomsindo anawo.

Ukutshintsha kukaMary kubugcisa bakhe bokuzoba akuzange kungabi nazo izigxeko.

Abanye abantu bamtyhola ngokuxhaphaza nokungabi naluvelwano.

Abanye abantu bathi imizobo yakhe ibidimaza kwaye ayifanele iboniswe kuwonkewonke.

Wayekholelwa kwelokuba ubugcisa bakhe babubalulekile, kwaye wayefuna ukubunika ihlabathi lonke.

Umsebenzi kaMary ekugqibeleni wade wanabantu abanomdla kuwo, kwaye waba ngomnye wabazobi abahlonitshwayo ngexesha lakhe.

Imizobo yakho ngoku ijongwa njengegqwesileyo, kwaye nanamhlanje isafundwa kwaye iyahlonitshwa ngabantu ehlabathini lonke.

Ibali likaMary lisikhumbuza ukuba ubugcisa yindlela enamandla yokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakho.

Bungasetyenziswa ukusebenza indlela okhathazeke, ocaphuke ngayo nezinye iimvakalelo oxakene nazo.

Kwakhona bungathumela imiyalezo ebalulekileyo ngemeko yoluntu.

Imizobo kaMary bubungqina bamandla obugcisa, kwaye isaqhubeka inefuthe ebantwini unanamhla oku.


Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa.

It is bordered by Egypt to the north, Libya to the northwest, Chad to the west, the Central African Republic to the southwest, South Sudan to the south, Ethiopia to the southeast, and Eritrea to the east.

Sudan has a population of over 40 million people and a land area of over 1.8 million square kilometers.

The area has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years, and the first known civilization in Sudan was the Kingdom of Kush, which flourished from around 750 BC to 350 AD.

Kush was a powerful kingdom that controlled much of the Nile River valley.

In the 7th century AD, Sudan was conquered by the Arabs, who brought Islam to the region.

Sudan was ruled by a series of Arab sultanates for centuries, until it was conquered by Egypt in 1821.

Egypt ruled Sudan until 1885, when it was conquered by the Mahdi, a religious leader who led a rebellion against Egyptian rule.

The Mahdi's rule was short-lived, and Sudan was reconquered by the British in 1898.

Limi kumda waseYiputa ngakumntla, ibe yiLibya kwelasemntla-ntlona, ibe yiChad entshona, ibe yiCentral African Republic ngumzantsi-ntshona, ibe yiSouth Sudan ngakumazantsi, ibe yiEthiopia kumzantsi-mpuma, ize ibe yiEritrea ngasempuma.

ISudan inabemi abangaphezu kwama-40 miliyoni kwaye ummandla womhlaba walapho ungaphezu kweskwe khilomitha ezi-1.8 seemiliyoni.

Lo mmandla ubumiwe ngabantu kangangamawaka eminyaka, kwaye impucuko yokuqala eSudan yaba bubuKumkani bamaKhush, obabuphumelela apho ukususela malunga nowama-750 BC ukuya kutsho ku-350 AD.

UbuKush yayibubukumkani obunamandla obabulawula kakhulu iNile River valley.

Kwinkulungwane ye-7th AD, iSudan yoyiswa ngama-Arabhu, awathi aza nobuSilamsi kule ndawo.

ISudan yayilawulwa ziinkokheli zamasilamsi kangangamakhulu eminyaka, yada yoyiswa yiYiphutha ngo-1821.

IYiputa yalawula iSudan kwada kwangowe-1885, xa yoyiswa ngamaMahdi, inkokheli yezenkolo eyakhokela imvukelo elwa nolawulo lwaseYiputa.

Ulawulo lwamaMahdi zange luhlale xesha lide, kwaye iSudan yoyiswa ngamaNgesi ngowe-1898.


My dear daughter, I know you've been wondering about the nature of light and darkness.

It's a big question, and one that scientists have been trying to answer for centuries.

But I think I can give you a simple explanation that will help you understand it a little better.

Light is a kind of energy that travels in waves.

We can see light because it enters our eyes and stimulates the retina, which is a light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

The retina sends signals to our brain, which interprets them as images.

When there is no light, we can't see anything.

Light and darkness are two opposites, but they're also two sides of the same coin.

Light is needed for us to see, but darkness is also important.

It also creates a sense of mystery and wonder.

So next time you're outside at night, take a moment to appreciate the darkness.

It's just as important as light, and it has its own beauty.

Ntombi yam endiyithandayo, ndiyazi ukuba uyazibuza ngokukhanya nobumnyama.

Ngumbuzo omkhulu lowo, kwaye ngulowo abesayensi bebezama ukuwuphendula kangangamakhulu eminyaka.

Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ndingakucacisela ngokulula ukuze ukuqonde oku bhetele.

Ukukhanya luhlobo lwamandla oluhamba ngamaza.

Singabona ukukhanya ngenxa yokuba kungena emehlweni ethu kwaye kuvuselela iretina, eyitishu enochuku kukukhanya esemva kwelihlo.

Iretina ithumela umyalezo ebuchotsheni, obuthi bona buyitolike njengomfanekiso.

Xa kungekho kukhanya, asikwazi kubona izinto.

Ukukhanya nobumnyama zizinto ezimbini ezichaseneyo, kodwa zikwangamacala amabini eqhosha lemali.

Ukukhanya kuyadingeka ukuze sibone, kodwa ubumnyama nabo bubalulekile.

Ubumnyama buyasinceda sikwazi ukuphumla size silale.

Kwakhona businika imvakalelo yeemfihlelo nokumangaliswa.

Ngoko xa uphinda uphume phandle ebusuku, ziphe ixesha lokuxabisa ubumnyama.

Bubaluleke kanye njengokukhanya, kwaye bunezinto zabo ezintle.


His daughter, Marcela, was listening to music that he didn't approve of.

The lyrics were explicit and violent, and he didn't want his daughter exposed to that kind of material.

He tried to talk to her about it, but she just shrugged him off.

One day, Esteban was listening to the radio when he heard a song that he thought Marcela would like.

It was a catchy tune with a positive message.

He decided to burn a copy of the song and give it to her.

When she got home from school, he gave her the CD and told her to listen to it.

Marcela was surprised by the gift, but she was also intrigued.

She put the CD in her stereo and listened to the song.

She liked it so much that she listened to it over and over again.

The next day, Esteban asked Marcela what she thought of the song.

She told him that she loved it and that it had made her think about things in a new way.

He knew that he had made a difference in his daughter's life.

From that day on, Marcela listened to more positive music.

Intombi yakhe, uMarcela, wayemamele umculo awayengavumelaniyo nawo.

Amazwi awo ayerhabaxa yaye enobundlobongela, yaye wayengafuni intombi yakhe imamele umculo onjalo.

Wazama ukuthetha nayo ngawo, kodwa zange amphulaphule.

Ngenye imini, uEsteben wayephulaphule unomathotholo wa weva ingoma aawayecinga ukuba uMarcela angayithanda.

Wagqiba ekubeni amenzele ikopi yale ngoma aze amnike.

Ukufika kwakhe ekhaya esuka esikolweni, wamnika iCD waza wamxelela ukuba makayimamele.

Samothusa uMarcela esi sipho, kodwa kananjalo wayenomdla.

Wafaka iCD kwi-stereo sakhe waza wamamela le ngoma.

Wayithanda kakhulu kangangokuba wayiphindaphinda.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, uEsteben wabuza uMarcela ukuba wayecinga ntoni ngala ngoma.

Wamchazela ukuba wayeyithanda kwaye imenze wacinga ngezinto ngendlela entsha.

Wayesazi ukuba wayenze umahluko ebomini bentombi yakhe.

Ukususela ngaloo mini, uMarcela wamamela umculo onomyalezo omhle ngakumbi.