Diptera: Scenopinidae), Scenopinusjereisp. nov., with characteristic bicoloured legs and completely black halteres, is described from Finland. To exclude potential previously named species, a survey of the relevant type specimens as well as original descriptions of the Palearctic and Nearctic Scenopinus species has been conducted, including old Scenopinusfenestralis (Linnaeus) synonyms. Scenopinusjereisp. nov. is likely to be an overlooked, boreal forest specialist living in the nests of cavity-nesting birds. An identification key to the European species is provided.A new species of window fly ( Diptera: Scenopinidae) are a small family of primitive flies belonging to the therevoid clade of the Asiloidea superfamily . The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with more than 420 described species in 25 genera. Scenopinidae consists of three subfamilies, Caenotinae (1 genus), Proratinae (6 genera), and Scenopininae (18 genera) , S.bouvieri  , S.glabrifrons Meigen, 1824, S.gobiensis Kelsey, 1981, S.griseus , S.halteralis Frey, 1936, S.lesinensis Strobl, 1902, S.niger , S.oldenbergi (Kröber) , S.verrucosus Carles-Tolra, 2001, and S.vitripennis Meigen, 1824. In addition, S.phaidimos Kelsey, 1969 is present in Turkey and might be expected to occur in the eastern Mediterranean.Window flies ( genera) , with on genera) : CaenoneScenopinidae is in the arid regions of the world  directly to vials and killed by freezing, ethyl acetate or potassium cyanide prior to mounting them on entomological pins.Apart for the two old museum specimens of Label data of newly collected specimens are given verbatim using the following symbols: / end of a line and beginning of the next; // end of label and beginning of the next (from top to bottom on the same pin). The specimens are deposited in the following collections and are indicated with the given acronym in the text:AHC Private collection of Antti Haarto, Mynämäki, FinlandJPC Private collection of Jaakko Pohjoismäki, Joensuu, FinlandMIZMuseum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, PolandMZHFinnish Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandMZTZoological Museum of the University of Turku, Turku, FinlandSMNSStaatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germanyhttps://laji.fi/theme/emk for more details) and coordinates (NNNN:EEEE) on the labels are mostly given in the old national Finnish map grid coordinate system  1♂(dissected): Fennia Kb [Karelia borealis – north Karelia]: Liperi/ Kontkala 6950:3616 / 19.7.2014/ Ali Karhu leg. [JPC]; 1♀: Same collection data ; 1♀: Finland, Kb: Ilomantsi/ Kelovaara 70008:36825 / 25.6.2016/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. [JPC]; 1♀: Finland, Sa [Savonia australis – south Savo]: Taipalsaari/ Riihilahti 6778:3564 / 21.7.2015/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. ; 1♂: Finland, Ta [Tavastia australis – south Häme]: Orivesi/ Siitama 6835:3354 / 11.7.2009/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. [JPC]; 1♀: Finland, Ok [Ostrobottnia kajanensis – Kainuu region]: Sotkamo/ Laukkala, 7114:3565 / 1.7.2005/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. [JPC]; 1♀: Finland, Ab [regio Aboensis – Turku region]: Mynämäki/ Perkko 6733:3222 / 22.7.2011/ A. Haarto leg. . 1♂: Finland, Ab: Mynämäki/ Perkko 6733:3222 / 13.6.2009/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ fenestralis (L.)/ det. A. Haarto 2009/ AHa09–000593 [MZT]; 1♀: Finland, Ab: Mietoinen/ Perkko 6733:[3]222 / 17.7.2003/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ fenestralis (L.)/ det. A. Haarto 2008/ AHa08–001324 [AHC]; 1♀: Finland, Ab: Mietoinen/ Perkko 6733:[3]222 / 17.7.2003/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ fenestralis (L.)/ det. A. Haarto 2008/ AHa08–001324 [AHC]; 1♂: Finland, Ab: Mietoinen/ Perkko 6733: [3]222 / / 16.5.2004/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ fenestralis (L.)/ det. A. Haarto 2021/ AHa21–000589 [AHC]; 1♂: Finland, Ab: Mietoinen/ Perkko 6733: [3]222 / 5.6.2004/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ fenestralis (L.)/ det. A. Haarto 2021/ AHa21–000590 [MZT]; 1♂: Finland, EP [Etelä-Pohjanmaa]: Isokyrö/ Orisberg 6983: [3]265 / 7.7.1999/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ fenestralis (L.)/ det. A. Haarto 1999 [AHC]; 1♀: Same collection and determination data [AHC];Germany: 2♀♀: Germany/ Hessen, Friedberg/ Ockstadt 50.3319, 8.7208 [Geographic coordinate]/ 13.6.2010/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. [JPC]Greece: 2♀♀: GR CRETE Chania/ Thymia 35.4106, 24.0440 [Geographic coordinate]/ 5.-6.vi.2019/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. [JPC]Finland: 6♂♂, 4♀♀. See the type material below for details.Finland:  2♀♀: Finland, Sa: Kouvola, 674–679:347–350 / e.l. 2018 ex Strixaluco nest box. / M. Mutanen leg. [JPC]; 1♂: Finland, Sa: Taipalsaari/ Riihilahti 6778:3564 / 21.7.2015/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. ; 1♀: Finland, Ta: Tampere/ Rantaperkiö 6822:3327  / 26.6.2009/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. [JPC]; 1♀: Finland, Ab: Mynämäki/ Perkko 6733:3222 / 12.6.2011/ A. Haarto leg. ; 1♀: Finland, V [Varsinais-Suomi]: Turku Hirvensalo/ Rauhala 6707:[3]233/ 22.5.1996/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ niger (DeGeer)/ det. A. Haarto [AHC];] ; 1♂: Finland, V: Turku Hirvensalo/ Rauhala 6707: [3]233 / 7.6.1996/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ niger (DeGeer)/ det. A. Haarto [AHC]; 1♂1♀: Finland, V: Turku Hirvensalo/ Rauhala 6707: [3]233 / 7.6.1996/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ niger (DeGeer)/ det. A. Haarto [MZT]; 1♂: Finland, Ab: Mynämäki/ Perkko 67333:32223 / 22.5.2017/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ niger (De Geer)/ det. A. Haarto 2017/ AHa17–001063 [AHC]; 1♀: Finland, V: Kaarina/ Kuusisto Rövarholm/ 9.7.1998/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ niger (De Geer)/ det. A. Haarto 2008/ AHa08–001326 [AHC].Germany: 1♂: Scen. glabrifrons/ Württbg Meig. ?/ v.Roser 1872 [handwritten]// Scenopinus/ vitripennis Meig./ det. L.P. Kelsey 1964 [SMNS]. Examined from high resolution photographs. See the discussion regarding the identity of this specimen.Poland: 1♀: Warszawa [barely visible]/ 14.vii.1953 r./ leg. R. Trojan// Omphrale ♀/ vitripennis (Meig)/ P. Trojan det. 1954. [MIZ]. Examined from high resolution photographs.The classification follows Herting and Dely-Draskovits (1993). The morphological terminology used in this study follows The images were taken with a Leica Z6APO stereomicroscope and a Leica DFC450c (5MPix) camera, MSV266 motorised focus and using the Leica Application Suite 4.6.0 software for Z-axis stacking. Images were cropped, colour- and contrast-enhanced but not manipulated otherwise.COI) DNA barcoding was performed as a part of the Tachinidae project of Finnish Barcode of Life initiative (FinBoL). The 5´-terminal part of COI was amplified using the routine barcoding primers LepF1 and LepR1 (BOLD) are given for each barcoded specimen.Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 : Finland, Sa: Kouvola, 674–679:347–350  / e.l. 2018 ex Strixaluco nest box. / M. Mutanen leg. // Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 / (Diptera: Scenopinidae) / J. Pohjoismäki det. // HOLOTYPE [red label] [MZH] Paratypes: 1♂ , 1♀, same collection data; // Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 / (Diptera: Scenopinidae) / J. Pohjoismäki det. // PARATYPE [yellow label] [MZH]; 1♂: Finland, EP: Isokyrö/ Orisberg 6983:[3]265 / 7.7.1999/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ vitripennis Meig./ det. A. Haarto 1999// PARATYPE/ Diptera: Scenopinidae/ Scenopinusjerei/ Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 [red label] [AHC]; 1♂: Finland, ES [Etelä-Savo]: Rantasalmi/ Korhola 68720:[3]5802  / 27.6.2006/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ sp./ det. A. Haarto 2006// PARATYPE/ Diptera: Scenopinidae/ Scenopinusjerei/ Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 [red label] [AHC]; 2♂: Finland, Kb: Ilomantsi/ Kelovaara 70008:36826 / 24.7.2021/ J. Pohjoismäki leg. // PARATYPE/ Diptera: Scenopinidae/ Scenopinusjerei/ Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 [yellow label] [JPC]; 1♀: Finland, ES: Rantasalmi/ Korhola 68720:5802 / 29.6.2006/ A. Haarto leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ sp./ det. A. Haarto 2006// PARATYPE/ Diptera: Scenopinidae/ Scenopinusjerei/ Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 [red label] [AHC]; 1♀: Finland, Kb: Liperi/ Viinijärvi 6951:3615  / e larva 2013/ Ali Karhu leg.// linnunpönttö [nest box]// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ sp./ det. A. Haarto 2014/ AHa14–000891// PARATYPE/ Diptera: Scenopinidae/ Scenopinusjerei/ Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 [red label] [AHC]; 1♀: Finland, Kb: Liperi/ Käsämä suo 6950:3619 / 26.-28.6.2013/ Ali Karhu leg.// SCENOPINIDAE/ Scenopinus/ sp./ det. A. Haarto 2020/ AHa20–000473// PARATYPE/ Diptera: Scenopinidae/ Scenopinusjerei/ Pohjoismäki & Haarto 2021 [red label] [MZT].Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. belongs to the S.fenestralis group and is easily recognisable from the other species in this group based on the contrasting colour differences between the femora and the yellow to orange tibiae. The coxae as well as the knob of the halteres are always uniformly black or dark brown, similar to the colour of the thorax.Male . ead Fig. . Frons brax Fig. . Very wemen Fig. . DorsallScenopinus spp. are poorly covered in the DNA barcode databases, such as Barcode of Life Database  or GenBank. It is noteworthy that all S.fenestralis specimens in the databases from Europe to North America have almost identical COI sequences and represent the same barcode index number (BIN). The DNA barcode of Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. differs markedly from the other northern European species, its closest match being Scenopinusfenestralis from which it is separated by 12.48% sequence difference , especially Monopislaevigella (Denis & Schiffermüller), but also other Monopis spp., Niditineastriolella (Matsumura), and Tinea spp. Other insects observed from the same nest boxes included Ceratophyllus fleas, various beetles  and flies . Apart for two male specimens found dead on a windowsill in an attic of an old house in Kelovaara on July 24 (see type specimens), most observations are from third week of June. According to the observations of Jere Kahanpää (pers. comm.), Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. hibernates as full-grown larvae and the adults emerge in a couple of weeks in room temperature rearing conditions. Based on the collection locations, it is likely that Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. is a boreal forest specialist.on the biology and distribution of Scenopinus spp., Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. is not very active flier, does not visit flowers and therefore is rarely collected by active netting or traps. Judging from the few Finnish observations, the species appears widespread in the southern and central parts of the country. We are certain that Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. can also be found in boreal forest biotopes in the other Nordic countries and Russia but has been until now overlooked.Like other This species is named after Mr. Jere Kahanpää, Helsinki, who was to first to discover that the taxon is new to science and kindly agreed with the current arrangement for its formal description.Scenopinidae are outdated or difficult to obtain, we felt necessary to provide a key for the known European species of Scenopinidae. We must emphasise that we have been only able to examine the species with specimens listed in this paper, for which the identification key should work well. For the remainder, our approach was to go through the written species descriptions and pick features which we judged, by our collective species identification experience, to be useful for determination. To us this approach was better justified than reproducing the keys given in earlier literature, which are often difficult to follow or focus on limited number of poorly defined features. The diagnostic features for the key have been obtained from the descriptions in Because the existing literature on the European species of Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. was originally confused with Scenopinusvitripennis  developing in cool and humid conditions are typically darker than the ones developed in warm and dry conditions . Legs entirely olive brown.Scenopinus pallipes Say, 1823 – White halteres, yellow legs.Scenopinus domesticus Meigen, 1824 – Legs yellow-red, head white from below.Scenopinus sulcicollis Meigen, 1824 – Legs yellow-red, head white from below, halteres white.Scenopinus scutellatus Macquart, 1843 – Halteres white, scutellum yellow.Scenopinus furcinervis Zetterstedt, 1844 – Legs fully yellow.Scenopinus fuscinervis Schiner, 1860 – The name is not mentioned in Schiner (1860).However, Kelsey attributes the synonymy to Schiner (1862), where S. fuscinervis Zetterstedt is given as a synonym of S. fenestralis. It is obvious that in this context, S. fuscinervis is a misspelling of S. furcinervis. In fact, the spelling is later corrected in Schiner (1864).Scenopinus graminicola Zetterstedt, 1859 – Halteres white.Scenopinus nigroscutellatus Frey, 1945 – From Azores, halteres white.Scenopinusjerei sp. nov. is not among the accepted species nor hidden among the synonyms of S.fenestralis. We hope that the species discovery reported here, together with the provisional indentification key we have provided, will encourage more research towards this exciting but poorly known family of flies.Based on this survey, we are confident that the species presented here as


R. Soc. Open Sci.8, 201441. (Published online 21 April 2021) (doi:10.1098/rsos.201441)This correction refers to the caption for figure 2. An incorrect reference was given; the correct reference is [39]. This has now been corrected.