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+{"title":"Techirghiol","wikicode":"{{Infobox Settlement\n|subdivision_type = [[Negara]]\n|subdivision_name       = {{ROU}}\n|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]\n|utc_offset=+2\n|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]\n|utc_offset_DST=+3\n|map_caption = Letak Techirghiol|\n|\nofficial_name=Techirghiol|\nimage_map=Techirghiol in Romania.png|\nimage_shield=|\n|subdivision_type1=[[Provinsi]]|\nsubdivision_name1=Constanţa|\n|subdivision_type2=[[Status]]|\nsubdivision_name2={{Autolink|Kota}}\n|settlement_type=[[Kota]]||\n|leader_title=[[Wali kota]]|\nleader_name=Viorel Adrian Stan|\nleader_party=[[Partidul National Liberal]]|\n|\narea_total_km2=46.07|\npopulation_as_of=2004|\npopulation_total=7150|latd=44|latm=3|lats=27|latNS=N|longd=28|longm=35|longs=45|longEW=E|\n|coordinates_type       = region:RO_type:city(3220) \n|coordinates_display    = display=inline,title \n|website=http://www.primaria-techirghiol.ro/|\n}}\n'''Techirghiol''' ({{IPA-ro|ˈtekirɡjol}}, nama sebelumnya: ''Tekirgöl'') adalah kota yang terletak di [[provinsi Constanţa]], [[Rumania]]. Kota ini terletak di wilayah tenggara Rumania.\n\nKota ini pertama kali ditandai pada peta negara pada tahun 1893 dan berkembang pesat setelah tahun 1912.\n\nPada tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 7.150 jiwa.\n\n== Populasi ==\n* 1991: 6.746.\n* 2002: 7.388.\n* 2004: 7.150.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.techirghiol.com Alternative website about Techirghiol]\n* [http://www.balnear.eu/ Techirghiol Balneotherapy Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503105018/http://www.balnear.eu/ |date=2009-05-03 }}\n* [http://www.sfanta-maria.ro/index.php?page=presentation&lang=en Saint Mary Monastery]\n\n{{Constanţa County}}\n{{rumania-geo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Rumania]]","hash":"b3debf9721807f0943ce18dc18957aee3ddbc72e0ed49f71842358de15cc41a0","last_revision":"2022-08-18T13:05:56Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:25:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:42.868377","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Текиргьол","ca":"Techirghiol","ceb":"Oraș Techirghiol","da":"Techirghiol","de":"Techirghiol","en":"Techirghiol","eo":"Techirghiol","es":"Techirghiol","et":"Techirghiol","fa":"تکیرگیول","fr":"Techirghiol","hu":"Techirghiol","it":"Techirghiol","la":"Techirghiol","mdf":"Тэкиргёл","min":"Techirghiol","ms":"Techirghiol","nl":"Techirghiol (stad)","nn":"Techirghiol","pl":"Techirghiol","pt":"Techirghiol","ro":"Techirghiol","ru":"Текиргёл","sh":"Opština Techirghiol, Constanța","sr":"Општина Текиргиол (Констанца)","sv":"Techirghiol","tg":"Текиргёл","uk":"Текіргіол","vi":"Techirghiol","zh":"泰基爾吉奧爾"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Techirghiol (, nama sebelumnya: Tekirgöl) adalah kota yang terletak di provinsi Constanţa, Rumania. Kota ini terletak di wilayah tenggara Rumania.\n\nKota ini pertama kali ditandai pada peta negara pada tahun 1893 dan berkembang pesat setelah tahun 1912.\n\nPada tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 7.150 jiwa.\n\n1991: 6.746. 2002: 7.388. 2004: 7.150.\n\nAlternative website about Techirghiol Techirghiol Balneotherapy Center Saint Mary Monastery\n\nKategori:Kota di Rumania\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Settlement\n|subdivision_type = [[Negara]]\n|subdivision_name       = {{ROU}}\n|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]\n|utc_offset=+2\n|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]\n|utc_offset_DST=+3\n|map_caption = Letak Techirghiol|\n|\nofficial_name=Techirghiol|\nimage_map=Techirghiol in Romania.png|\nimage_shield=|\n|subdivision_type1=[[Provinsi]]|\nsubdivision_name1=Constanţa|\n|subdivision_type2=[[Status]]|\nsubdivision_name2={{Autolink|Kota}}\n|settlement_type=[[Kota]]||\n|leader_title=[[Wali kota]]|\nleader_name=Viorel Adrian Stan|\nleader_party=[[Partidul National Liberal]]|\n|\narea_total_km2=46.07|\npopulation_as_of=2004|\npopulation_total=7150|latd=44|latm=3|lats=27|latNS=N|longd=28|longm=35|longs=45|longEW=E|\n|coordinates_type       = region:RO_type:city(3220) \n|coordinates_display    = display=inline,title \n|website=http://www.primaria-techirghiol.ro/|\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Techirghiol (, nama sebelumnya: Tekirgöl) adalah kota yang terletak di provinsi Constanţa, Rumania.","translated_text":"Techirghiol (, former name: Tekirgöl) is a city located in the province of Constanţa, Romania.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota ini terletak di wilayah tenggara Rumania.","translated_text":"The city is located in the southeastern region of Romania.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota ini pertama kali ditandai pada peta negara pada tahun 1893 dan berkembang pesat setelah tahun 1912.","translated_text":"The city was first mapped in 1893 and expanded rapidly after 1912.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 7.150 jiwa.","translated_text":"In 2004, the city had a population of 7,150.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Populasi","translated_text":"Population","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"1991: 6.746. 2002: 7.388. 2004: 7.150.","translated_text":"1991: 6,746. 2002: 7,388. 2004: 7,150. This is not the case.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alternative website about Techirghiol Techirghiol Balneotherapy Center Saint Mary Monastery","translated_text":"Alternative website about Techirghiol Techirghiol Balneotherapy Center Saint Mary Monastery","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503105018/http://www.balnear.eu/ |date=2009-05-03 }}","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090503105018/http://www.balnear.eu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.763719-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Rumania","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Romania","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Alternative website about Techirghiol Techirghiol Balneotherapy Center Saint Mary Monastery","translated_text":"Alternative website about Techirghiol Techirghiol Balneotherapy Center Saint Mary Monastery","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503105018/http://www.balnear.eu/ |date=2009-05-03 }}","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090503105018/http://www.balnear.eu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.763719-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Ţăndărei","wikicode":"{{Infobox Settlement\n|subdivision_type = [[Negara]]\n|subdivision_name       = {{ROU}}\n|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]\n|utc_offset=+2\n|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]\n|utc_offset_DST=+3\n|map_caption = Letak Ţăndărei|\n\n|\nofficial_name=Ţăndărei|\n|image_map=||\nimage_shield=ROU IL Tandarei CoA.png|\n|subdivision_type1=[[Provinsi]]|\nsubdivision_name1=Ialomiţa|\n|subdivision_type2=[[Status]]|\nsubdivision_name2={{Autolink|Kota}}\n|settlement_type=Kota||\n|leader_title=[[Wali kota]]|\nleader_name=Sava Vasile|\nleader_party=[[Partidul Social Democrat]]|\n|\narea_total_km2=100|\npopulation_as_of=2004|\npopulation_total=12791|latd=44|latm=38|lats=25|latNS=N|longd=27|longm=39|longs=31|longEW=E||\nwebsite=http://www.primaria-tandarei.ro/|\n}}\n'''Ţăndărei''' adalah kota yang terletak di [[provinsi Ialomiţa]], [[Rumania]].\n\nKota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sekitar 12.000 jiwa. Kota Ţăndărei terletak di [[dataran Bărăgan]]. Wali kota kota ini adalah Sava Vasile yang berasal dari [[Partidul Social Democrat]].\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{resmi|http://www.primaria-tandarei.ro/}}\n{{rumania-geo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Rumania]]","hash":"95a0a55aac8bd852b4e2b24ed80942afa64af53f4e351fda6a77b6e84804f5cc","last_revision":"2016-05-29T09:15:56Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:32:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:42.929574","cross_lingual_links":{"azb":"تسانداره","bg":"Цъндърей","ca":"Țăndărei","ceb":"Oraș Țăndărei","da":"Ţăndărei","de":"Țăndărei","en":"Țăndărei","es":"Țăndărei","et":"Țăndărei","fa":"تسانداره","fr":"Țăndărei","hu":"Țăndărei","it":"Țăndărei","min":"Țăndărei","ms":"Ţăndărei","nl":"Țăndărei","nn":"Țăndărei","pl":"Țăndărei","pt":"Țăndărei","ro":"Țăndărei","ru":"Цэндэрей","sh":"Opština Țăndărei, Ialomița","sr":"Општина Цандареј (Јаломица)","tg":"Тсэндэрей","uk":"Цендерей","vi":"Țăndărei","zh":"岑德雷伊"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Ţăndărei adalah kota yang terletak di provinsi Ialomiţa, Rumania.\n\nKota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sekitar 12.000 jiwa. Kota Ţăndărei terletak di dataran Bărăgan. Wali kota kota ini adalah Sava Vasile yang berasal dari Partidul Social Democrat.\n\nKategori:Kota di Rumania\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Settlement\n|subdivision_type = [[Negara]]\n|subdivision_name       = {{ROU}}\n|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]\n|utc_offset=+2\n|timezone_DST=[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]\n|utc_offset_DST=+3\n|map_caption = Letak Ţăndărei|\n\n|\nofficial_name=Ţăndărei|\n|image_map=||\nimage_shield=ROU IL Tandarei CoA.png|\n|subdivision_type1=[[Provinsi]]|\nsubdivision_name1=Ialomiţa|\n|subdivision_type2=[[Status]]|\nsubdivision_name2={{Autolink|Kota}}\n|settlement_type=Kota||\n|leader_title=[[Wali kota]]|\nleader_name=Sava Vasile|\nleader_party=[[Partidul Social Democrat]]|\n|\narea_total_km2=100|\npopulation_as_of=2004|\npopulation_total=12791|latd=44|latm=38|lats=25|latNS=N|longd=27|longm=39|longs=31|longEW=E||\nwebsite=http://www.primaria-tandarei.ro/|\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ţăndărei adalah kota yang terletak di provinsi Ialomiţa, Rumania.","translated_text":"Ţăndărei is a town located in Ialomiţa province, Romania.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sekitar 12.000 jiwa.","translated_text":"The city has a population of about 12,000.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota Ţăndărei terletak di dataran Bărăgan.","translated_text":"The town of Ţăndărei is located on the Bărăgan plain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Wali kota kota ini adalah Sava Vasile yang berasal dari Partidul Social Democrat.","translated_text":"The mayor of the city is Sava Vasile from the Social Democratic Party.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Rumania","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Romania","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Herpes zoster","wikicode":"{{penyangkalan medis}}\n{{Infobox disease |\n Name           = Herpes zoster |\n ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|02||b|00}} |\n ICD9           = {{ICD9|053}} |\n ICDO           = |\n Image          = \nHerpes atau cacar api.jpg |\n Caption        =  Seseorang yang terdampak Herpes Zoster|\n OMIM           = |\n MedlinePlus    = 000858 |\n eMedicineSubj  = med |\n eMedicineTopic = 1007 |\n eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|derm|180}} {{eMedicine2|emerg|823}} {{eMedicine2|oph|257}} {{eMedicine2|ped|996}} |\n DiseasesDB     = 29119 |\n}}\n\n'''Herpes zoster''' (nama lain: '''shingles''' atau '''cacar ular''' '''cacar api''') adalah [[penyakit]] yang disebabkan oleh [[virus varicella-zoster]].<ref name=\"a\" /> Setelah seseorang menderita [[cacar air]], virus varicella-zoster akan menetap dalam kondisi dorman (tidak aktif atau laten) pada satu atau lebih [[ganglia]] (pusat saraf) posterior.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref> Apabila seseorang mengalami penurunan [[imunitas]] seluler maka [[virus]] tersebut dapat aktif kembali dan menyebar melalui [[saraf tepi]] ke [[kulit]] sehingga menimbulkan penyakit herpes zoster.<ref name=\"b\" /> Di kulit, [[virus]] akan memperbanyak diri (multiplikasi) dan membentuk bintil-bintil kecil berwarna merah, berisi cairan, dan menggembung pada daerah sekitar [[kulit]] yang dilalui [[virus]] tersebut.<ref name=\"b\" /> Herper zoster cenderung menyerang orang lanjut usia dan penderita penyakit [[imunosupresif]] (sistem imun lemah) seperti penderita [[AIDS]], [[leukemia]], [[lupus]], dan [[limfoma]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Joseph G. Ouslander|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Infection management for geriatrics in long-term care facilities|year= 2006|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8493-9893-3}}Page.278-279</ref>\n\n== Epidemologi ==\nHerpes zoster ditularkan antarmanusia melalui kontak langsung, salah satunya adalah transmisi melalui [[pernapasan]] sehingga virus tersebut dapat menjadi [[epidemik]] di antara inang yang rentan. Risiko terjangkit herpes zoster terkait dengan pertambahan usia. Hal ini berkaitan adanya ''immunosenescence'', yaitu penurunan [[sistem imun]] secara bertahap sebagai bagian dari proses penuaan. Selain itu, hal ini juga terkait dengan penurunan jumlah sel yang terkait dalam [[imunitas]] melawan virus varicella-zoster pada usia tertentu. Penderita imunosupresi, seperti pasien [[HIV/AIDS]] yang mengalami penurunan CD4 sel-T, akan berpeluang lebih besar menderita herpes zoster sebagai bagian dari [[infeksi oportunistik]].<ref name=\"dua\">{{cite journal\n | author = Bethany A. Weaver, DO, MPH\n | year = 2009\n | month = \n | title = Herpes Zoster Overview: Natural History and Incidence\n | journal = J Am Osteopath Assoc\n | volume = 109\n | issue = 6\n | pages = S2-S6\n | url = http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2\n | access-date = 2010-08-30\n | archive-date = 2010-12-29\n | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101229041055/http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2\n | dead-url = yes\n }}</ref>\n[[Berkas:Herpes zoster 3days passed.jpg|jmpl|]]\nHerpes Zoster bukan Herpes Genital atau Herpes Simplex, oleh karenanya Herpes Zoster yang merupakan bawaan dari Penyakit Cacar Air atau Varisela Zoster tidak akan menular pada orang lain menjadi Herpes Zoster juga, kecuali orang tersebut belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, maka ia bisa terjangkit Cacar Air.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |title=Herpes Zoster: Penyakit Kelanjutan Cacar Air |author=dr. Salma |accessdate=March 23, 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Tetapi pada umumnya orang dewasa telah pernah terkena Cacar Air pada masa kecilnya, sedangkan Balita zaman sekarang yang telah divaksinasi lengkap juga telah mendapat Vaksinasi Cacar Air (Varisela). Vaksinasi Varisela sebaiknya diberikan pada orang yang belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, tetapi bagi mereka yang telah berusia di atas 50 tahun sebaiknya diberikan Vaksinasi Varisela apakah sudah pernah terkena Cacar Air atau tidak sebagai booster (penguat), sehingga jika timbul Lepuh (singhle) Herpes Zoster tidak parah. Sebagaimana halnya Vaksinasi MMR yang juga menggunakan Virus yang dilemahkan, maka pasien yang divaksinasi harus dalam kondisi Fit agar demam akibat vaksinasi minimal.\n\n== Gejala ==\n{| align=\"center\"\n|+ '''Perkembangan ruam herpes zoster'''\n! Hari 1 !! Hari 2 !! Hari 5 !! Hari 6\n|-valign=\"top\"\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay1.JPG|143px]]\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay2 ed.JPG|120px]]\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay5 ed.JPG|145px]]\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay6 ed.JPG|149px]]\n|}\nPada awal terinfeksi virus tersebut, pasien akan menderita rasa sakit seperti terbakar dan kulit menjadi sensitif selama beberapa hari hingga satu minggu. Penyebab terjadinya rasa sakit yang akut tersebut sulit dideteksi apabila ruam (bintil merah pada kulit) belum muncul. Ruam shingles mulai muncul dari lepuhan (''blister'') kecil di atas dasar kulit merah dengan lepuhan lainnya terus muncul dalam 3-5 hari. Lepuhan atau bintil merah akan timbul mengikuti saraf dari sumsum tulang belakang dan membentuk pola seperti pita pada area kulit. Penyebaran bintil-bintil tersebut menyerupai sinar (''ray-like'') yang disebut pola dermatomal.\nBintil akan muncul di seluruh atau hanya sebagian jalur saraf yang terkait. Biasanya, hanya satu saraf yang terlibat, namun di beberapa kasus bisa jadi lebih dari satu saraf ikut terlibat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |title=Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster: Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster dan Herpes Simplex |author=Harian Sehat |accessdate=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Bintil atau lepuh akan pecah dan berair, kemudian daerah sekitarnya akan mengeras dan mulai sembuh. Gejala tersebut akan terjadi dalam selama 3-4 minggu. Pada sebagian kecil kasus, ruam tidak muncul tetapi hanya ada rasa sakit.<ref name=\"satu\">[http://www.medicinenet.com/shingles/article.htm Shingles (Herpes Zoster)], Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD.</ref>\n\n== Deteksi ==\nUntuk mendeteksi penyakit herpes zoster, dapat dilakukan beberapa macam tes, yaitu;\n* Kultur virus\nCairan dari unilepuh yang baru pecah dapat diambil dan dimasukkan ke dalam media virus untuk segera dianalisis di laboratorium virologi. Apabila waktu pengiriman cukup lama, sampel dapat diletakkan pada es cair. Pertumbuhan virus varicella-zoster akan memakan waktu 3-14 hari dan uji ini memiliki tingkat sensitivitas 30-70% dengan spesifitas mencapai 100%.\n* Deteksi antigen\nUji antibodi fluoresens langsung lebih sensitif bila dibandingkan dengan teknik kultur sel. Sel dari ruam atau lesi diambil dengan menggunakan scapel (semacam pisau) atau jarum kemudian dioleskan pada kaca dan diwarnai dengan antibodi monoklonal yang terkonjugasi dengan pewarna fluoresens. Uji ini akan mendeteksi glikoproten virus.\n* Uji serologi\nUji serologi yang sering digunakan untuk mendeteksi herpes zoster adalah [[ELISA]].\n* PCR\n[[PCR]] digunakan untuk mendeteksi [[DNA]] [[virus varicella-zoster]] di dalam cairan tubuh, contohnya cairan serebrospina.<ref name=\"lima\">[http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf Observer extra: Herpes zoster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707122546/http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf |date=2010-07-07 }}, An internist’s guide to preventing, diagnosing and treating herpes zoster.</ref>\n\n== Pengobatan ==\nPengobatan terhadap herpes zoster terdiri dari tiga hal utama yaitu pengobatan infeksi virus akut, pengobatan rasa sakit akut yang berkaitan dengan penyakit tersebut, dan pencegahan terhadap neuralgia pascaherpes. Penggunaan agen antiviral dalam kurun waktu 72 jam setelah terbentuk ruam akan mempersingkat durasi terbentuknya ruam dan meringankan rasa sakit akibat ruam tersebut. Apabila ruam telah pecah, maka penggunaan antiviral tidak efektif lagi. Contoh beberapa antiviral yang biasa digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah ''Acyclovir'', ''Famciclovir'', dan ''Valacyclovir''.<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>\n\nUntuk meringankan rasa sakit akibat herpes zoster, sering digunakan kortikosteroid oral (contoh prednisone). Sedangkan untuk mengatasi neuralgia pascaherpes digunakan analgesik (''Topic agents''), antidepresan trisiklik, dan antikonvulsan (antikejang). Contoh analgesik yang sering digunakan adalah krim (''lotion'') yang mengandung senyawa calamine, kapsaisin, dan xylocaine. Antidepresan trisiklik dapat aktif mengurangi sakit akibat neuralgia pascaherpes karena menghambat penyerapan kembali neurotransmiter serotonin dan norepinefrin. Contoh antidepresan trisiklik yang digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Nortriptyline, dan Nortriptyline. Untuk mengontrol sakit neuropatik, digunakan antikonvulsan seperti Phenytoin, carbamazepine, dan gabapentin.<ref name=\"empat\" />\n\n== Pencegahan ==\nUntuk mencegah herpes zoster, salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah pemberian vaksinasi.<ref name=\"tujuh\" /> Vaksin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan respon spesifik limfosit sitotoksik terhadap virus tersebut pada pasien seropositif usia lanjut.<ref name=\"tujuh\">{{cite journal\n | author = JOHNW. GNANN JR, RICHARD J. WHITLEY\n | year = 2002\n | month = Agustus\n | title = CLINICAL PRACTICE: HERPES ZOSTER\n | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine\n | volume = 345\n | issue = 5\n | page = 340-346\n | url = http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211\n }}\n</ref> Vaksin herpes zoster dapat berupa virus herpes zoster yang telah dilemahkan atau komponen seluler virus tersebut yang berperan sebagai antigen.<ref name=\"lima1\">[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment Herpes Zoster: Treatment & Medication], Richard S Krause. 17 Mei 2010.</ref> Penggunaan virus yang telah dilemahkan telah terbukti dapat mencegah atau mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit tersebut pada pasien yang rentan, yaitu orang lanjut usia dan penderita imunokompeten, serta imunosupresi.<ref name=\"lima1\" /><ref name=\"enam\">{{cite journal\n | author = Michael S. Simberkoff, Robert D. Arbeit, Gary R. Johnson, Michael N. Oxman, Kathy D. Boardman, Heather M. Williams, Myron J. Levin, Kenneth E. Schmader, Lawrence D. Gelb, Susan Keay, Kathleen Neuzil, Richard N. Greenberg, Marie R. Griffin, Larry E. Davis, Vicki A. Morrison, Paula W. \n | year = 2010\n | month = Mei\n | title = Safety of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in the Shingles Prevention Study (A Randomized Trial)\n | journal = Ann Intern Med \n | volume = 152\n | issue = \n | pages = 545-554\n | url = http://www.annals.org/content/152/9/545.long\n }}</ref>\n\nDi Amerika Serikat, vaksin ini dianjurkan (bukan diharuskan) dan dipatuhi oleh 90 persen rakyat Amerika Serikat. Dan berhasil menurunkan angka kejadian, perawatan di rumah sakit, bahkan kematian. Vaksinasi pada orang sehat bertahan untuk 10 tahun dan jika sampai terkena, maka penyakitnya ringan saja.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=45 |issue=RR–11 |pages=1–36 |date=July 1996 |pmid=8668119 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042990.htm}}</ref> Pada tahun 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) merekomendasikan vaksinasi kedua sebelum usia masuk sekolah untuk lebih meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap cacar air.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marin M | coauthors = Güris D; Chaves SS; Schmid S; Seward JF |title=Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=56 |issue=RR–4 |pages=1–40 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17585291 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm |last6=Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices}}</ref>\n\nVaksin cacar air biasa sudah dapat mengurangi kekambuhan dan gejala Herpes Zoster, tetapi pada tahun 2006, FDA (BPOMnya Amerika Serikat) telah menyetujui penggunaan Zostavax untuk mencegah terjadinya lepuh. Zostavax sebenarnya adalah konsentrat vaksin cacar air biasa dan lebih ditujukan kepada manula yang kekebalannya telah menurun. Zostavax berhasil mengurangi lepuh hingga 50 persen.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gagliardi AM, Gomes Silva BN, Torloni MR, Soares BG |title=Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=10 |issue= |pages=CD008858 |year=2012 |pmid=23076951 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008858.pub2 |editor1-last=Gagliardi |editor1-first=Anna MZ}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penyakit viral]]","hash":"ecec216cb8e0adfb4382b86eff8268afb2f1a9c54e87b04bfafd8dcc3b2b6b1a","last_revision":"2023-07-12T18:30:36Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:36:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:42.986671","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Gordelroos","an":"Herpes zóster","ar":"هربس نطاقي","ast":"Herpes zóster","az":"Kəmərləyici dəmrov","azb":"شینگئل","be":"Апаясвальны лішай","be-x-old":"Апаясвальны лішай","ca":"Herpes zòster","cdo":"Gī-iĕu-siè","ckb":"ھێرپیس زۆستێر","cs":"Pásový opar","cy":"Yr Eryr (afiechyd)","da":"Helvedesild","de":"Herpes zoster","el":"Έρπης ζωστήρ","en":"Shingles","eo":"Zostero (medicino)","es":"Herpes zóster","et":"Vöötohatis","eu":"Herpes zoster","fa":"زونا","fi":"Vyöruusu","fr":"Zona","frr":"Ruus (Kraankes)","ga":"Deir","gl":"Herpes zóster","ha":"Shingles","he":"שלבקת חוגרת","it":"Herpes zoster","ja":"帯状疱疹","kk":"Белдеме теміреткі","ko":"대상포진","ks":"مَلدر","la":"Herpes zoster","lb":"Gürtelrous","lv":"Jostas roze","ms":"Kayap","ne":"जनै खटिरा","nl":"Gordelroos","nb":"Helvetesild","or":"ହର୍ପିସ୍ ଜୋସ୍ଟର","pa":"ਜਨੇਊ ਰੋਗ","pl":"Półpasiec","pt":"Herpes zoster","ro":"Zona zoster","ru":"Опоясывающий лишай","scn":"Focu di Sant'Antoniu","sh":"Zoster (bolest)","simple":"Herpes zoster","sl":"Pasovec","sr":"Зостер (обољење)","sv":"Bältros","sw":"Mkanda wa jeshi","ta":"அக்கி அம்மை","te":"హర్ప్‌‌స్ జొస్టర్","th":"งูสวัด","tr":"Zona","uk":"Оперізуючий герпес","vi":"Zona (bệnh)","wa":"Cingues (maladeye)","war":"Herpes zoster","wuu":"带状疱疹","yi":"גארטל הערפעס","za":"Baenz baez langh","zh":"带状疱疹","zh-classical":"甑帶瘡","zh-yue":"生蛇"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Herpes zoster (nama lain: shingles atau cacar ular cacar api) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varicella-zoster. Setelah seseorang menderita cacar air, virus varicella-zoster akan menetap dalam kondisi dorman (tidak aktif atau laten) pada satu atau lebih ganglia (pusat saraf) posterior. Apabila seseorang mengalami penurunan imunitas seluler maka virus tersebut dapat aktif kembali dan menyebar melalui saraf tepi ke kulit sehingga menimbulkan penyakit herpes zoster. Di kulit, virus akan memperbanyak diri (multiplikasi) dan membentuk bintil-bintil kecil berwarna merah, berisi cairan, dan menggembung pada daerah sekitar kulit yang dilalui virus tersebut. Herper zoster cenderung menyerang orang lanjut usia dan penderita penyakit imunosupresif (sistem imun lemah) seperti penderita AIDS, leukemia, lupus, dan limfoma.\n\nHerpes zoster ditularkan antarmanusia melalui kontak langsung, salah satunya adalah transmisi melalui pernapasan sehingga virus tersebut dapat menjadi epidemik di antara inang yang rentan. Risiko terjangkit herpes zoster terkait dengan pertambahan usia. Hal ini berkaitan adanya immunosenescence, yaitu penurunan sistem imun secara bertahap sebagai bagian dari proses penuaan. Selain itu, hal ini juga terkait dengan penurunan jumlah sel yang terkait dalam imunitas melawan virus varicella-zoster pada usia tertentu. Penderita imunosupresi, seperti pasien HIV/AIDS yang mengalami penurunan CD4 sel-T, akan berpeluang lebih besar menderita herpes zoster sebagai bagian dari infeksi oportunistik.\n\nHerpes Zoster bukan Herpes Genital atau Herpes Simplex, oleh karenanya Herpes Zoster yang merupakan bawaan dari Penyakit Cacar Air atau Varisela Zoster tidak akan menular pada orang lain menjadi Herpes Zoster juga, kecuali orang tersebut belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, maka ia bisa terjangkit Cacar Air. Tetapi pada umumnya orang dewasa telah pernah terkena Cacar Air pada masa kecilnya, sedangkan Balita zaman sekarang yang telah divaksinasi lengkap juga telah mendapat Vaksinasi Cacar Air (Varisela). Vaksinasi Varisela sebaiknya diberikan pada orang yang belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, tetapi bagi mereka yang telah berusia di atas 50 tahun sebaiknya diberikan Vaksinasi Varisela apakah sudah pernah terkena Cacar Air atau tidak sebagai booster (penguat), sehingga jika timbul Lepuh (singhle) Herpes Zoster tidak parah. Sebagaimana halnya Vaksinasi MMR yang juga menggunakan Virus yang dilemahkan, maka pasien yang divaksinasi harus dalam kondisi Fit agar demam akibat vaksinasi minimal.\n\nPada awal terinfeksi virus tersebut, pasien akan menderita rasa sakit seperti terbakar dan kulit menjadi sensitif selama beberapa hari hingga satu minggu. Penyebab terjadinya rasa sakit yang akut tersebut sulit dideteksi apabila ruam (bintil merah pada kulit) belum muncul. Ruam shingles mulai muncul dari lepuhan (blister) kecil di atas dasar kulit merah dengan lepuhan lainnya terus muncul dalam 3-5 hari. Lepuhan atau bintil merah akan timbul mengikuti saraf dari sumsum tulang belakang dan membentuk pola seperti pita pada area kulit. Penyebaran bintil-bintil tersebut menyerupai sinar (ray-like) yang disebut pola dermatomal. Bintil akan muncul di seluruh atau hanya sebagian jalur saraf yang terkait. Biasanya, hanya satu saraf yang terlibat, namun di beberapa kasus bisa jadi lebih dari satu saraf ikut terlibat. Bintil atau lepuh akan pecah dan berair, kemudian daerah sekitarnya akan mengeras dan mulai sembuh. Gejala tersebut akan terjadi dalam selama 3-4 minggu. Pada sebagian kecil kasus, ruam tidak muncul tetapi hanya ada rasa sakit.\n\nUntuk mendeteksi penyakit herpes zoster, dapat dilakukan beberapa macam tes, yaitu; Kultur virus Cairan dari unilepuh yang baru pecah dapat diambil dan dimasukkan ke dalam media virus untuk segera dianalisis di laboratorium virologi. Apabila waktu pengiriman cukup lama, sampel dapat diletakkan pada es cair. Pertumbuhan virus varicella-zoster akan memakan waktu 3-14 hari dan uji ini memiliki tingkat sensitivitas 30-70% dengan spesifitas mencapai 100%. Deteksi antigen Uji antibodi fluoresens langsung lebih sensitif bila dibandingkan dengan teknik kultur sel. Sel dari ruam atau lesi diambil dengan menggunakan scapel (semacam pisau) atau jarum kemudian dioleskan pada kaca dan diwarnai dengan antibodi monoklonal yang terkonjugasi dengan pewarna fluoresens. Uji ini akan mendeteksi glikoproten virus. Uji serologi Uji serologi yang sering digunakan untuk mendeteksi herpes zoster adalah ELISA. PCR PCR digunakan untuk mendeteksi DNA virus varicella-zoster di dalam cairan tubuh, contohnya cairan serebrospina.\n\nPengobatan terhadap herpes zoster terdiri dari tiga hal utama yaitu pengobatan infeksi virus akut, pengobatan rasa sakit akut yang berkaitan dengan penyakit tersebut, dan pencegahan terhadap neuralgia pascaherpes. Penggunaan agen antiviral dalam kurun waktu 72 jam setelah terbentuk ruam akan mempersingkat durasi terbentuknya ruam dan meringankan rasa sakit akibat ruam tersebut. Apabila ruam telah pecah, maka penggunaan antiviral tidak efektif lagi. Contoh beberapa antiviral yang biasa digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Acyclovir, Famciclovir, dan Valacyclovir.\n\nUntuk meringankan rasa sakit akibat herpes zoster, sering digunakan kortikosteroid oral (contoh prednisone). Sedangkan untuk mengatasi neuralgia pascaherpes digunakan analgesik (Topic agents), antidepresan trisiklik, dan antikonvulsan (antikejang). Contoh analgesik yang sering digunakan adalah krim (lotion) yang mengandung senyawa calamine, kapsaisin, dan xylocaine. Antidepresan trisiklik dapat aktif mengurangi sakit akibat neuralgia pascaherpes karena menghambat penyerapan kembali neurotransmiter serotonin dan norepinefrin. Contoh antidepresan trisiklik yang digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Nortriptyline, dan Nortriptyline. Untuk mengontrol sakit neuropatik, digunakan antikonvulsan seperti Phenytoin, carbamazepine, dan gabapentin.\n\nUntuk mencegah herpes zoster, salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah pemberian vaksinasi. Vaksin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan respon spesifik limfosit sitotoksik terhadap virus tersebut pada pasien seropositif usia lanjut. Vaksin herpes zoster dapat berupa virus herpes zoster yang telah dilemahkan atau komponen seluler virus tersebut yang berperan sebagai antigen. Penggunaan virus yang telah dilemahkan telah terbukti dapat mencegah atau mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit tersebut pada pasien yang rentan, yaitu orang lanjut usia dan penderita imunokompeten, serta imunosupresi.\n\nDi Amerika Serikat, vaksin ini dianjurkan (bukan diharuskan) dan dipatuhi oleh 90 persen rakyat Amerika Serikat. Dan berhasil menurunkan angka kejadian, perawatan di rumah sakit, bahkan kematian. Vaksinasi pada orang sehat bertahan untuk 10 tahun dan jika sampai terkena, maka penyakitnya ringan saja. Pada tahun 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) merekomendasikan vaksinasi kedua sebelum usia masuk sekolah untuk lebih meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap cacar air.\n\nVaksin cacar air biasa sudah dapat mengurangi kekambuhan dan gejala Herpes Zoster, tetapi pada tahun 2006, FDA (BPOMnya Amerika Serikat) telah menyetujui penggunaan Zostavax untuk mencegah terjadinya lepuh. Zostavax sebenarnya adalah konsentrat vaksin cacar air biasa dan lebih ditujukan kepada manula yang kekebalannya telah menurun. Zostavax berhasil mengurangi lepuh hingga 50 persen.\n\nKategori:Penyakit viral\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox disease |\n Name           = Herpes zoster |\n ICD10          = {{ICD10|B|02||b|00}} |\n ICD9           = {{ICD9|053}} |\n ICDO           = |\n Image          = \nHerpes atau cacar api.jpg |\n Caption        =  Seseorang yang terdampak Herpes Zoster|\n OMIM           = |\n MedlinePlus    = 000858 |\n eMedicineSubj  = med |\n eMedicineTopic = 1007 |\n eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|derm|180}} {{eMedicine2|emerg|823}} {{eMedicine2|oph|257}} {{eMedicine2|ped|996}} |\n DiseasesDB     = 29119 |\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Herpes zoster (nama lain: shingles atau cacar ular cacar api) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varicella-zoster.","translated_text":"Herpes zoster (other name: shingles or flammable snakebite) is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Joseph G. Ouslander|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Infection management for geriatrics in long-term care facilities|year= 2006|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8493-9893-3}}Page.278-279</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah seseorang menderita cacar air, virus varicella-zoster akan menetap dalam kondisi dorman (tidak aktif atau laten) pada satu atau lebih ganglia (pusat saraf) posterior.","translated_text":"After a person suffers from smallpox, the varicella-zoster virus settles into dormant (inactive or latent) state in one or more posterior ganglia (nerve centers).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apabila seseorang mengalami penurunan imunitas seluler maka virus tersebut dapat aktif kembali dan menyebar melalui saraf tepi ke kulit sehingga menimbulkan penyakit herpes zoster.","translated_text":"If a person has a decreased cellular immunity, the virus can reactivate and spread through the peripheral nerves to the skin, causing herpes zoster disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref>","char_index":180,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di kulit, virus akan memperbanyak diri (multiplikasi) dan membentuk bintil-bintil kecil berwarna merah, berisi cairan, dan menggembung pada daerah sekitar kulit yang dilalui virus tersebut.","translated_text":"In the skin, the virus will multiply itself (multiply) and form tiny red spots, containing fluid, and bloating around the skin where the virus passes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref>","char_index":189,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Herper zoster cenderung menyerang orang lanjut usia dan penderita penyakit imunosupresif (sistem imun lemah) seperti penderita AIDS, leukemia, lupus, dan limfoma.","translated_text":"Herper zoster tends to attack the elderly and those with immunosuppressive diseases (weak immune systems) such as those with AIDS, leukemia, lupus, and lymphoma.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Joseph G. Ouslander|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Infection management for geriatrics in long-term care facilities|year= 2006|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8493-9893-3}}Page.278-279</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Epidemologi","translated_text":"Epidemiology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Herpes zoster ditularkan antarmanusia melalui kontak langsung, salah satunya adalah transmisi melalui pernapasan sehingga virus tersebut dapat menjadi epidemik di antara inang yang rentan.","translated_text":"Zoster herpes is transmitted between humans through direct contact, one of which is transmission through respiration so that the virus can become epidemic among vulnerable hosts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Risiko terjangkit herpes zoster terkait dengan pertambahan usia.","translated_text":"The risk of herpes zoster infection is associated with age.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini berkaitan adanya immunosenescence, yaitu penurunan sistem imun secara bertahap sebagai bagian dari proses penuaan.","translated_text":"This has to do with immunosenescence, which is the gradual decline of the immune system as part of the aging process.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, hal ini juga terkait dengan penurunan jumlah sel yang terkait dalam imunitas melawan virus varicella-zoster pada usia tertentu.","translated_text":"In addition, it is also associated with a decrease in the number of associated cells in immunity against varicella-zoster viruses at a given age.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penderita imunosupresi, seperti pasien HIV/AIDS yang mengalami penurunan CD4 sel-T, akan berpeluang lebih besar menderita herpes zoster sebagai bagian dari infeksi oportunistik.","translated_text":"Patients with immunosuppression, such as HIV/AIDS patients with reduced T-cell CD4, will be more likely to suffer from herpes zoster as part of an opportunistic infection.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{cite journal | author = Bethany A. Weaver, DO, MPH | year = 2009 | month = | title = Herpes Zoster Overview: Natural History and Incidence | journal = J Am Osteopath Assoc | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = S2-S6 | url = http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | access-date = 2010-08-30 | archive-date = 2010-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101229041055/http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":"dua","url":"http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.839779-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{cite journal | author = Bethany A. Weaver, DO, MPH | year = 2009 | month = | title = Herpes Zoster Overview: Natural History and Incidence | journal = J Am Osteopath Assoc | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = S2-S6 | url = http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | access-date = 2010-08-30 | archive-date = 2010-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101229041055/http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":"dua","url":"http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.839779-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Herpes Zoster bukan Herpes Genital atau Herpes Simplex, oleh karenanya Herpes Zoster yang merupakan bawaan dari Penyakit Cacar Air atau Varisela Zoster tidak akan menular pada orang lain menjadi Herpes Zoster juga, kecuali orang tersebut belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, maka ia bisa terjangkit Cacar Air.","translated_text":"Herpes Zoster is not Herpes Genital or Herpes Simplex, so the Herpes Zoster that is inherited from the Waterworm Disease or Varicella Zoster will not transmit to others to become Herpes Zoster as well, unless the person has never been exposed to the Waterworm, then he may be infected with the Waterworm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |title=Herpes Zoster: Penyakit Kelanjutan Cacar Air |author=dr. Salma |accessdate=March 23, 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":304,"name":null,"url":"http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.886864-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |title=Herpes Zoster: Penyakit Kelanjutan Cacar Air |author=dr. Salma |accessdate=March 23, 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":304,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.068643-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi pada umumnya orang dewasa telah pernah terkena Cacar Air pada masa kecilnya, sedangkan Balita zaman sekarang yang telah divaksinasi lengkap juga telah mendapat Vaksinasi Cacar Air (Varisela).","translated_text":"But generally adults have been exposed to smallpox in childhood, whereas modern-day fully vaccinated adults have also been vaccinated against smallpox (Varisela).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vaksinasi Varisela sebaiknya diberikan pada orang yang belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, tetapi bagi mereka yang telah berusia di atas 50 tahun sebaiknya diberikan Vaksinasi Varisela apakah sudah pernah terkena Cacar Air atau tidak sebagai booster (penguat), sehingga jika timbul Lepuh (singhle) Herpes Zoster tidak parah.","translated_text":"Varisela vaccination should be given to people who have never been exposed to Water Fever, but for those who have reached the age of 50, Varisela vaccination should be given whether or not they have been exposed to Water Fever as a booster, so that if there is a single Herpes Zoster, it is not severe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagaimana halnya Vaksinasi MMR yang juga menggunakan Virus yang dilemahkan, maka pasien yang divaksinasi harus dalam kondisi Fit agar demam akibat vaksinasi minimal.","translated_text":"As with MMR vaccinations that also use weakened Viruses, vaccinated patients must be in a Fit condition in order to minimize fever due to vaccination.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gejala","translated_text":"What are the symptoms?","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| align=\"center\"\n|+ '''Perkembangan ruam herpes zoster'''\n! Hari 1 !! Hari 2 !! Hari 5 !! Hari 6\n|-valign=\"top\"\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay1.JPG|143px]]\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay2 ed.JPG|120px]]\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay5 ed.JPG|145px]]\n| [[Berkas:ShinglesDay6 ed.JPG|149px]]\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada awal terinfeksi virus tersebut, pasien akan menderita rasa sakit seperti terbakar dan kulit menjadi sensitif selama beberapa hari hingga satu minggu.","translated_text":"At the beginning of the infection with the virus, the patient will experience pain such as burning and the skin becomes sensitive for several days to a week.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyebab terjadinya rasa sakit yang akut tersebut sulit dideteksi apabila ruam (bintil merah pada kulit) belum muncul.","translated_text":"The cause of such acute pain is difficult to detect if a rash has not yet appeared.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ruam shingles mulai muncul dari lepuhan (blister) kecil di atas dasar kulit merah dengan lepuhan lainnya terus muncul dalam 3-5 hari.","translated_text":"Shingles rashes begin to appear from small blisters on the base of the red skin with other blisters continuing to appear within 3-5 days.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lepuhan atau bintil merah akan timbul mengikuti saraf dari sumsum tulang belakang dan membentuk pola seperti pita pada area kulit.","translated_text":"Red blisters or spots will arise following the nerves of the spinal cord and form a tape-like pattern on the skin area.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyebaran bintil-bintil tersebut menyerupai sinar (ray-like) yang disebut pola dermatomal.","translated_text":"The scattering of the spots resembles a ray-like pattern called the dermatomal pattern.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bintil akan muncul di seluruh atau hanya sebagian jalur saraf yang terkait.","translated_text":"The spines will appear in all or only part of the associated neural pathways.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biasanya, hanya satu saraf yang terlibat, namun di beberapa kasus bisa jadi lebih dari satu saraf ikut terlibat.","translated_text":"Usually, only one nerve is involved, but in some cases more than one nerve may be involved.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |title=Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster: Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster dan Herpes Simplex |author=Harian Sehat |accessdate=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.139861-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |title=Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster: Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster dan Herpes Simplex |author=Harian Sehat |accessdate=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.376095-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bintil atau lepuh akan pecah dan berair, kemudian daerah sekitarnya akan mengeras dan mulai sembuh.","translated_text":"The spots or blisters will rupture and water, then the surrounding area will harden and begin to heal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gejala tersebut akan terjadi dalam selama 3-4 minggu.","translated_text":"The symptoms will occur within 3-4 weeks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada sebagian kecil kasus, ruam tidak muncul tetapi hanya ada rasa sakit.","translated_text":"In a small number of cases, the rash does not appear but there is only pain.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">[http://www.medicinenet.com/shingles/article.htm Shingles (Herpes Zoster)], Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"satu","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/shingles/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":242747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.445031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.69482421875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Deteksi","translated_text":"Detection","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk mendeteksi penyakit herpes zoster, dapat dilakukan beberapa macam tes, yaitu; Kultur virus Cairan dari unilepuh yang baru pecah dapat diambil dan dimasukkan ke dalam media virus untuk segera dianalisis di laboratorium virologi.","translated_text":"To detect herpes zoster disease, a variety of tests can be performed, namely; Fluid viral culture from newly ruptured saliva can be taken and inserted into viral media for immediate analysis in a virology laboratory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apabila waktu pengiriman cukup lama, sampel dapat diletakkan pada es cair.","translated_text":"If the delivery time is long enough, the sample can be placed on liquid ice.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertumbuhan virus varicella-zoster akan memakan waktu 3-14 hari dan uji ini memiliki tingkat sensitivitas 30-70% dengan spesifitas mencapai 100%.","translated_text":"The growth of varicella-zoster virus will take 3-14 days and this test has a sensitivity rate of 30-70% with a specificity of 100%.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Deteksi antigen Uji antibodi fluoresens langsung lebih sensitif bila dibandingkan dengan teknik kultur sel.","translated_text":"Antigen detection Direct fluorescent antibody testing is more sensitive when compared to cell culture techniques.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sel dari ruam atau lesi diambil dengan menggunakan scapel (semacam pisau) atau jarum kemudian dioleskan pada kaca dan diwarnai dengan antibodi monoklonal yang terkonjugasi dengan pewarna fluoresens.","translated_text":"The cells from the rash or lesions are taken using a scapel (a type of knife) or needle then applied to the glass and stained with monoclonal antibodies that are conjugated with fluorescent dyes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uji ini akan mendeteksi glikoproten virus.","translated_text":"This test will detect viral glycoproteins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uji serologi Uji serologi yang sering digunakan untuk mendeteksi herpes zoster adalah ELISA.","translated_text":"The most common serological test used to detect herpes zoster is ELISA.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"PCR PCR digunakan untuk mendeteksi DNA virus varicella-zoster di dalam cairan tubuh, contohnya cairan serebrospina.","translated_text":"PCR PCR is used to detect varicella-zoster virus DNA in body fluid, for example cerebrospinal fluid.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"lima\">[http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf Observer extra: Herpes zoster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707122546/http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf |date=2010-07-07 }}, An internist’s guide to preventing, diagnosing and treating herpes zoster.</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"lima","url":"http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":13895,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.125741-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (55 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"lima\">[http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf Observer extra: Herpes zoster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707122546/http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf |date=2010-07-07 }}, An internist’s guide to preventing, diagnosing and treating herpes zoster.</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"lima","url":"http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":13895,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.125741-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (55 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within 72 hours of the rash's formation will shorten the duration of the rash's formation and relieve the pain caused by the rash.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apabila ruam telah pecah, maka penggunaan antiviral tidak efektif lagi.","translated_text":"Once the rash has ruptured, antiviral use is no longer effective.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contoh beberapa antiviral yang biasa digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Acyclovir, Famciclovir, dan Valacyclovir.","translated_text":"Examples of some antivirals commonly used to treat herpes zoster are Acyclovir, Famciclovir, and Valacyclovir.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>","char_index":125,"name":"empat","url":"http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3767,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.352334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>","char_index":125,"name":"empat","url":"http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3767,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.352334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk meringankan rasa sakit akibat herpes zoster, sering digunakan kortikosteroid oral (contoh prednisone).","translated_text":"To relieve pain from herpes zoster, oral corticosteroids (e.g. prednisone) are often used.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan untuk mengatasi neuralgia pascaherpes digunakan analgesik (Topic agents), antidepresan trisiklik, dan antikonvulsan (antikejang).","translated_text":"Topical agents, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticonvulsants are used to treat post-herpes neuralgia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contoh analgesik yang sering digunakan adalah krim (lotion) yang mengandung senyawa calamine, kapsaisin, dan xylocaine.","translated_text":"Examples of common analgesics are creams (lotions) containing the compounds calamine, capsaicin, and xylocaine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Antidepresan trisiklik dapat aktif mengurangi sakit akibat neuralgia pascaherpes karena menghambat penyerapan kembali neurotransmiter serotonin dan norepinefrin.","translated_text":"Tricyclic antidepressants may actively reduce pain from post-herpes neuralgia by inhibiting the reabsorption of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contoh antidepresan trisiklik yang digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Nortriptyline, dan Nortriptyline.","translated_text":"Examples of tricyclic antidepressants used to treat shingles are Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Nortriptyline, and Nortriptyline.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengontrol sakit neuropatik, digunakan antikonvulsan seperti Phenytoin, carbamazepine, dan gabapentin.","translated_text":"To control neuropathic pain, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and gabapentin are used.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"empat","url":"http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3767,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.352334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pencegahan","translated_text":"Prevention","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk mencegah herpes zoster, salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah pemberian vaksinasi.","translated_text":"To prevent shingles, vaccination is one way to go.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tujuh\">{{cite journal | author = JOHNW. GNANN JR, RICHARD J. WHITLEY | year = 2002 | month = Agustus | title = CLINICAL PRACTICE: HERPES ZOSTER | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | page = 340-346 | url = http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211 }} </ref>","char_index":93,"name":"tujuh","url":"http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6695,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.648218-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vaksin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan respon spesifik limfosit sitotoksik terhadap virus tersebut pada pasien seropositif usia lanjut.","translated_text":"The vaccine serves to increase cytotoxic lymphocyte-specific responses to the virus in elderly HIV-positive patients.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tujuh\">{{cite journal | author = JOHNW. GNANN JR, RICHARD J. WHITLEY | year = 2002 | month = Agustus | title = CLINICAL PRACTICE: HERPES ZOSTER | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | page = 340-346 | url = http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211 }} </ref>","char_index":132,"name":"tujuh","url":"http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6695,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.648218-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vaksin herpes zoster dapat berupa virus herpes zoster yang telah dilemahkan atau komponen seluler virus tersebut yang berperan sebagai antigen.","translated_text":"A herpes zoster vaccine may be a weakened herpes zoster virus or a cellular component of the virus that acts as an antigen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"lima1\">[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment Herpes Zoster: Treatment & Medication], Richard S Krause. 17 Mei 2010.</ref>","char_index":143,"name":"lima1","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214766,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.713468-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8037109375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggunaan virus yang telah dilemahkan telah terbukti dapat mencegah atau mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit tersebut pada pasien yang rentan, yaitu orang lanjut usia dan penderita imunokompeten, serta imunosupresi.","translated_text":"The use of weakened viruses has been shown to prevent or reduce the risk of developing the disease in vulnerable patients, i.e. elderly and immunocompetent patients, as well as immunosuppression.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"lima1\">[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment Herpes Zoster: Treatment & Medication], Richard S Krause. 17 Mei 2010.</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"lima1","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214766,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.713468-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8037109375},{"content":"<ref name=\"enam\">{{cite journal | author = Michael S. Simberkoff, Robert D. Arbeit, Gary R. Johnson, Michael N. Oxman, Kathy D. Boardman, Heather M. Williams, Myron J. Levin, Kenneth E. Schmader, Lawrence D. Gelb, Susan Keay, Kathleen Neuzil, Richard N. Greenberg, Marie R. Griffin, Larry E. Davis, Vicki A. Morrison, Paula W. | year = 2010 | month = Mei | title = Safety of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in the Shingles Prevention Study (A Randomized Trial) | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 152 | issue = | pages = 545-554 | url = http://www.annals.org/content/152/9/545.long }}</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"enam","url":"http://www.annals.org/content/152/9/545.long","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8451,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:24.490764-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Amerika Serikat, vaksin ini dianjurkan (bukan diharuskan) dan dipatuhi oleh 90 persen rakyat Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"In the United States, this vaccine is recommended (not required) and followed by 90 percent of the people of the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan berhasil menurunkan angka kejadian, perawatan di rumah sakit, bahkan kematian.","translated_text":"And managed to reduce the incidence, hospital treatment, even death.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vaksinasi pada orang sehat bertahan untuk 10 tahun dan jika sampai terkena, maka penyakitnya ringan saja.","translated_text":"Vaccination in healthy people lasts for 10 years and if you get it, it's mild.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite journal |title=Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=45 |issue=RR–11 |pages=1–36 |date=July 1996 |pmid=8668119 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042990.htm}}</ref>","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042990.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":123872,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:24.829557-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.943359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) merekomendasikan vaksinasi kedua sebelum usia masuk sekolah untuk lebih meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap cacar air.","translated_text":"In 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a second pre-school vaccination to improve immunity to smallpox.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marin M | coauthors = Güris D; Chaves SS; Schmid S; Seward JF |title=Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=56 |issue=RR–4 |pages=1–40 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17585291 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm |last6=Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices}}</ref>","char_index":187,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":228136,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:25.216844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.845703125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Vaksin cacar air biasa sudah dapat mengurangi kekambuhan dan gejala Herpes Zoster, tetapi pada tahun 2006, FDA (BPOMnya Amerika Serikat) telah menyetujui penggunaan Zostavax untuk mencegah terjadinya lepuh.","translated_text":"The common smallpox vaccine was already able to reduce the recurrence and symptoms of Herpes Zoster, but in 2006, the FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) approved the use of Zostavax to prevent rashes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Zostavax sebenarnya adalah konsentrat vaksin cacar air biasa dan lebih ditujukan kepada manula yang kekebalannya telah menurun.","translated_text":"Zostavax is actually an ordinary smallpox vaccine concentrate and is more targeted at older adults whose incapacity has decreased.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Zostavax berhasil mengurangi lepuh hingga 50 persen.","translated_text":"Zostavax successfully reduced the blisters by up to 50 percent.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gagliardi AM, Gomes Silva BN, Torloni MR, Soares BG |title=Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=10 |issue= |pages=CD008858 |year=2012 |pmid=23076951 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008858.pub2 |editor1-last=Gagliardi |editor1-first=Anna MZ}}</ref>","char_index":52,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyakit viral","translated_text":"Category:Viral diseases","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Herpes zoster (nama lain: shingles atau cacar ular cacar api) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varicella-zoster.","translated_text":"Herpes zoster (other name: shingles or flammable snakebite) is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Joseph G. Ouslander|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Infection management for geriatrics in long-term care facilities|year= 2006|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8493-9893-3}}Page.278-279</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Herpes zoster (nama lain: shingles atau cacar ular cacar api) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varicella-zoster. Setelah seseorang menderita cacar air, virus varicella-zoster akan menetap dalam kondisi dorman (tidak aktif atau laten) pada satu atau lebih ganglia (pusat saraf) posterior.","translated_text":"Herpes zoster (other name: shingles or flammable snakebite) is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. After a person suffers from smallpox, the varicella-zoster virus settles into dormant (inactive or latent) state in one or more posterior ganglia (nerve centers).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Herpes zoster (nama lain: shingles atau cacar ular cacar api) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varicella-zoster. Setelah seseorang menderita cacar air, virus varicella-zoster akan menetap dalam kondisi dorman (tidak aktif atau laten) pada satu atau lebih ganglia (pusat saraf) posterior. Apabila seseorang mengalami penurunan imunitas seluler maka virus tersebut dapat aktif kembali dan menyebar melalui saraf tepi ke kulit sehingga menimbulkan penyakit herpes zoster.","translated_text":"Herpes zoster (other name: shingles or flammable snakebite) is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. After a person suffers from smallpox, the varicella-zoster virus settles into dormant (inactive or latent) state in one or more posterior ganglia (nerve centers). If a person has a decreased cellular immunity, the virus can reactivate and spread through the peripheral nerves to the skin, causing herpes zoster disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref>","char_index":478,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah seseorang menderita cacar air, virus varicella-zoster akan menetap dalam kondisi dorman (tidak aktif atau laten) pada satu atau lebih ganglia (pusat saraf) posterior. Apabila seseorang mengalami penurunan imunitas seluler maka virus tersebut dapat aktif kembali dan menyebar melalui saraf tepi ke kulit sehingga menimbulkan penyakit herpes zoster. Di kulit, virus akan memperbanyak diri (multiplikasi) dan membentuk bintil-bintil kecil berwarna merah, berisi cairan, dan menggembung pada daerah sekitar kulit yang dilalui virus tersebut.","translated_text":"After a person suffers from smallpox, the varicella-zoster virus settles into dormant (inactive or latent) state in one or more posterior ganglia (nerve centers). If a person has a decreased cellular immunity, the virus can reactivate and spread through the peripheral nerves to the skin, causing herpes zoster disease. In the skin, the virus will multiply itself (multiply) and form tiny red spots, containing fluid, and bloating around the skin where the virus passes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Suzanne C Smeltzer, Brenda G Bare, Janice L Hinkle, Kerry H Cheever|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing|year= 2009|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-8589-1}}Page.1689</ref>","char_index":545,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Apabila seseorang mengalami penurunan imunitas seluler maka virus tersebut dapat aktif kembali dan menyebar melalui saraf tepi ke kulit sehingga menimbulkan penyakit herpes zoster. Di kulit, virus akan memperbanyak diri (multiplikasi) dan membentuk bintil-bintil kecil berwarna merah, berisi cairan, dan menggembung pada daerah sekitar kulit yang dilalui virus tersebut. Herper zoster cenderung menyerang orang lanjut usia dan penderita penyakit imunosupresif (sistem imun lemah) seperti penderita AIDS, leukemia, lupus, dan limfoma.","translated_text":"If a person has a decreased cellular immunity, the virus can reactivate and spread through the peripheral nerves to the skin, causing herpes zoster disease. In the skin, the virus will multiply itself (multiply) and form tiny red spots, containing fluid, and bloating around the skin where the virus passes. Herper zoster tends to attack the elderly and those with immunosuppressive diseases (weak immune systems) such as those with AIDS, leukemia, lupus, and lymphoma.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Joseph G. Ouslander|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Infection management for geriatrics in long-term care facilities|year= 2006|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8493-9893-3}}Page.278-279</ref>","char_index":533,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hal ini berkaitan adanya immunosenescence, yaitu penurunan sistem imun secara bertahap sebagai bagian dari proses penuaan. Selain itu, hal ini juga terkait dengan penurunan jumlah sel yang terkait dalam imunitas melawan virus varicella-zoster pada usia tertentu. Penderita imunosupresi, seperti pasien HIV/AIDS yang mengalami penurunan CD4 sel-T, akan berpeluang lebih besar menderita herpes zoster sebagai bagian dari infeksi oportunistik.","translated_text":"This has to do with immunosenescence, which is the gradual decline of the immune system as part of the aging process. In addition, it is also associated with a decrease in the number of associated cells in immunity against varicella-zoster viruses at a given age. Patients with immunosuppression, such as HIV/AIDS patients with reduced T-cell CD4, will be more likely to suffer from herpes zoster as part of an opportunistic infection.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{cite journal | author = Bethany A. Weaver, DO, MPH | year = 2009 | month = | title = Herpes Zoster Overview: Natural History and Incidence | journal = J Am Osteopath Assoc | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = S2-S6 | url = http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | access-date = 2010-08-30 | archive-date = 2010-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101229041055/http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":440,"name":"dua","url":"http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.839779-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{cite journal | author = Bethany A. Weaver, DO, MPH | year = 2009 | month = | title = Herpes Zoster Overview: Natural History and Incidence | journal = J Am Osteopath Assoc | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = S2-S6 | url = http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | access-date = 2010-08-30 | archive-date = 2010-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101229041055/http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":440,"name":"dua","url":"http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/109/6_suppl_2/S2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.839779-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Herpes Zoster bukan Herpes Genital atau Herpes Simplex, oleh karenanya Herpes Zoster yang merupakan bawaan dari Penyakit Cacar Air atau Varisela Zoster tidak akan menular pada orang lain menjadi Herpes Zoster juga, kecuali orang tersebut belum pernah terkena Cacar Air, maka ia bisa terjangkit Cacar Air.","translated_text":"Herpes Zoster is not Herpes Genital or Herpes Simplex, so the Herpes Zoster that is inherited from the Waterworm Disease or Varicella Zoster will not transmit to others to become Herpes Zoster as well, unless the person has never been exposed to the Waterworm, then he may be infected with the Waterworm.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |title=Herpes Zoster: Penyakit Kelanjutan Cacar Air |author=dr. Salma |accessdate=March 23, 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":304,"name":null,"url":"http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:21.886864-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |title=Herpes Zoster: Penyakit Kelanjutan Cacar Air |author=dr. Salma |accessdate=March 23, 2014 |archive-date=2014-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":304,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140323080045/http://majalahkesehatan.com/herpes-zoster-penyakit-kelanjutan-cacar-air/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.068643-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyebaran bintil-bintil tersebut menyerupai sinar (ray-like) yang disebut pola dermatomal. Bintil akan muncul di seluruh atau hanya sebagian jalur saraf yang terkait. Biasanya, hanya satu saraf yang terlibat, namun di beberapa kasus bisa jadi lebih dari satu saraf ikut terlibat.","translated_text":"The scattering of the spots resembles a ray-like pattern called the dermatomal pattern. The spines will appear in all or only part of the associated neural pathways. Usually, only one nerve is involved, but in some cases more than one nerve may be involved.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |title=Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster: Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster dan Herpes Simplex |author=Harian Sehat |accessdate=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":280,"name":null,"url":"http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.139861-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |title=Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster: Gejala Penyakit Herpes Zoster dan Herpes Simplex |author=Harian Sehat |accessdate=January 12, 2015 |archive-date=2015-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":280,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150105181344/http://hariansehat.com/gejala-penyakit-herpes/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.376095-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bintil atau lepuh akan pecah dan berair, kemudian daerah sekitarnya akan mengeras dan mulai sembuh. Gejala tersebut akan terjadi dalam selama 3-4 minggu. Pada sebagian kecil kasus, ruam tidak muncul tetapi hanya ada rasa sakit.","translated_text":"The spots or blisters will rupture and water, then the surrounding area will harden and begin to heal. The symptoms will occur within 3-4 weeks. In a small number of cases, the rash does not appear but there is only pain.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">[http://www.medicinenet.com/shingles/article.htm Shingles (Herpes Zoster)], Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD.</ref>","char_index":227,"name":"satu","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/shingles/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":242747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:22.445031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.69482421875}]},{"text":"Uji ini akan mendeteksi glikoproten virus. Uji serologi Uji serologi yang sering digunakan untuk mendeteksi herpes zoster adalah ELISA. PCR PCR digunakan untuk mendeteksi DNA virus varicella-zoster di dalam cairan tubuh, contohnya cairan serebrospina.","translated_text":"This test will detect viral glycoproteins. The most common serological test used to detect herpes zoster is ELISA. PCR PCR is used to detect varicella-zoster virus DNA in body fluid, for example cerebrospinal fluid.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"lima\">[http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf Observer extra: Herpes zoster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707122546/http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf |date=2010-07-07 }}, An internist’s guide to preventing, diagnosing and treating herpes zoster.</ref>","char_index":251,"name":"lima","url":"http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":13895,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.125741-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (55 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"lima\">[http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf Observer extra: Herpes zoster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707122546/http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf |date=2010-07-07 }}, An internist’s guide to preventing, diagnosing and treating herpes zoster.</ref>","char_index":251,"name":"lima","url":"http://www.acpinternist.org/archives/2007/03/herpes.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":13895,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.125741-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (55 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penggunaan agen antiviral dalam kurun waktu 72 jam setelah terbentuk ruam akan mempersingkat durasi terbentuknya ruam dan meringankan rasa sakit akibat ruam tersebut. Apabila ruam telah pecah, maka penggunaan antiviral tidak efektif lagi. Contoh beberapa antiviral yang biasa digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Acyclovir, Famciclovir, dan Valacyclovir.","translated_text":"The use of antiviral agents within 72 hours of the rash's formation will shorten the duration of the rash's formation and relieve the pain caused by the rash. Once the rash has ruptured, antiviral use is no longer effective. Examples of some antivirals commonly used to treat herpes zoster are Acyclovir, Famciclovir, and Valacyclovir.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>","char_index":364,"name":"empat","url":"http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3767,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.352334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>","char_index":364,"name":"empat","url":"http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3767,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.352334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Antidepresan trisiklik dapat aktif mengurangi sakit akibat neuralgia pascaherpes karena menghambat penyerapan kembali neurotransmiter serotonin dan norepinefrin. Contoh antidepresan trisiklik yang digunakan untuk perawatan herpes zoster adalah Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Nortriptyline, dan Nortriptyline. Untuk mengontrol sakit neuropatik, digunakan antikonvulsan seperti Phenytoin, carbamazepine, dan gabapentin.","translated_text":"Tricyclic antidepressants may actively reduce pain from post-herpes neuralgia by inhibiting the reabsorption of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. Examples of tricyclic antidepressants used to treat shingles are Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Nortriptyline, and Nortriptyline. To control neuropathic pain, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and gabapentin are used.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"empat\">[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html Management of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Postherpetic Neuralgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083747/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html |date=2007-09-29 }}, SETH JOHN STANKUS, MICHAEL DLUGOPOLSKI, DEBORAH PACKER.</ref>","char_index":416,"name":"empat","url":"http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000415/2437.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3767,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.352334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk mencegah herpes zoster, salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah pemberian vaksinasi.","translated_text":"To prevent shingles, vaccination is one way to go.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tujuh\">{{cite journal | author = JOHNW. GNANN JR, RICHARD J. WHITLEY | year = 2002 | month = Agustus | title = CLINICAL PRACTICE: HERPES ZOSTER | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | page = 340-346 | url = http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211 }} </ref>","char_index":93,"name":"tujuh","url":"http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6695,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.648218-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk mencegah herpes zoster, salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah pemberian vaksinasi. Vaksin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan respon spesifik limfosit sitotoksik terhadap virus tersebut pada pasien seropositif usia lanjut.","translated_text":"To prevent shingles, vaccination is one way to go. The vaccine serves to increase cytotoxic lymphocyte-specific responses to the virus in elderly HIV-positive patients.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tujuh\">{{cite journal | author = JOHNW. GNANN JR, RICHARD J. WHITLEY | year = 2002 | month = Agustus | title = CLINICAL PRACTICE: HERPES ZOSTER | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | page = 340-346 | url = http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211 }} </ref>","char_index":226,"name":"tujuh","url":"http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp013211","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6695,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.648218-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk mencegah herpes zoster, salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah pemberian vaksinasi. Vaksin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan respon spesifik limfosit sitotoksik terhadap virus tersebut pada pasien seropositif usia lanjut. Vaksin herpes zoster dapat berupa virus herpes zoster yang telah dilemahkan atau komponen seluler virus tersebut yang berperan sebagai antigen.","translated_text":"To prevent shingles, vaccination is one way to go. The vaccine serves to increase cytotoxic lymphocyte-specific responses to the virus in elderly HIV-positive patients. A herpes zoster vaccine may be a weakened herpes zoster virus or a cellular component of the virus that acts as an antigen.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"lima1\">[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment Herpes Zoster: Treatment & Medication], Richard S Krause. 17 Mei 2010.</ref>","char_index":370,"name":"lima1","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214766,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.713468-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8037109375}]},{"text":"Vaksin berfungsi untuk meningkatkan respon spesifik limfosit sitotoksik terhadap virus tersebut pada pasien seropositif usia lanjut. Vaksin herpes zoster dapat berupa virus herpes zoster yang telah dilemahkan atau komponen seluler virus tersebut yang berperan sebagai antigen. Penggunaan virus yang telah dilemahkan telah terbukti dapat mencegah atau mengurangi risiko terkena penyakit tersebut pada pasien yang rentan, yaitu orang lanjut usia dan penderita imunokompeten, serta imunosupresi.","translated_text":"The vaccine serves to increase cytotoxic lymphocyte-specific responses to the virus in elderly HIV-positive patients. A herpes zoster vaccine may be a weakened herpes zoster virus or a cellular component of the virus that acts as an antigen. The use of weakened viruses has been shown to prevent or reduce the risk of developing the disease in vulnerable patients, i.e. elderly and immunocompetent patients, as well as immunosuppression.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"lima1\">[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment Herpes Zoster: Treatment & Medication], Richard S Krause. 17 Mei 2010.</ref>","char_index":492,"name":"lima1","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788310-treatment","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214766,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:23.713468-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8037109375},{"content":"<ref name=\"enam\">{{cite journal | author = Michael S. Simberkoff, Robert D. Arbeit, Gary R. Johnson, Michael N. Oxman, Kathy D. Boardman, Heather M. Williams, Myron J. Levin, Kenneth E. Schmader, Lawrence D. Gelb, Susan Keay, Kathleen Neuzil, Richard N. Greenberg, Marie R. Griffin, Larry E. Davis, Vicki A. Morrison, Paula W. | year = 2010 | month = Mei | title = Safety of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in the Shingles Prevention Study (A Randomized Trial) | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 152 | issue = | pages = 545-554 | url = http://www.annals.org/content/152/9/545.long }}</ref>","char_index":492,"name":"enam","url":"http://www.annals.org/content/152/9/545.long","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8451,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:24.490764-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di Amerika Serikat, vaksin ini dianjurkan (bukan diharuskan) dan dipatuhi oleh 90 persen rakyat Amerika Serikat. Dan berhasil menurunkan angka kejadian, perawatan di rumah sakit, bahkan kematian. Vaksinasi pada orang sehat bertahan untuk 10 tahun dan jika sampai terkena, maka penyakitnya ringan saja.","translated_text":"In the United States, this vaccine is recommended (not required) and followed by 90 percent of the people of the United States. And managed to reduce the incidence, hospital treatment, even death. Vaccination in healthy people lasts for 10 years and if you get it, it's mild.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite journal |title=Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=45 |issue=RR–11 |pages=1–36 |date=July 1996 |pmid=8668119 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042990.htm}}</ref>","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042990.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":123872,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:24.829557-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.943359375}]},{"text":"Dan berhasil menurunkan angka kejadian, perawatan di rumah sakit, bahkan kematian. Vaksinasi pada orang sehat bertahan untuk 10 tahun dan jika sampai terkena, maka penyakitnya ringan saja. Pada tahun 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) merekomendasikan vaksinasi kedua sebelum usia masuk sekolah untuk lebih meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap cacar air.","translated_text":"And managed to reduce the incidence, hospital treatment, even death. Vaccination in healthy people lasts for 10 years and if you get it, it's mild. In 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a second pre-school vaccination to improve immunity to smallpox.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marin M | coauthors = Güris D; Chaves SS; Schmid S; Seward JF |title=Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=56 |issue=RR–4 |pages=1–40 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17585291 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm |last6=Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices}}</ref>","char_index":376,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5604a1.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":228136,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:25.216844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.845703125}]},{"text":"Vaksin cacar air biasa sudah dapat mengurangi kekambuhan dan gejala Herpes Zoster, tetapi pada tahun 2006, FDA (BPOMnya Amerika Serikat) telah menyetujui penggunaan Zostavax untuk mencegah terjadinya lepuh. Zostavax sebenarnya adalah konsentrat vaksin cacar air biasa dan lebih ditujukan kepada manula yang kekebalannya telah menurun. Zostavax berhasil mengurangi lepuh hingga 50 persen.","translated_text":"The common smallpox vaccine was already able to reduce the recurrence and symptoms of Herpes Zoster, but in 2006, the FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) approved the use of Zostavax to prevent rashes. Zostavax is actually an ordinary smallpox vaccine concentrate and is more targeted at older adults whose incapacity has decreased. Zostavax successfully reduced the blisters by up to 50 percent.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gagliardi AM, Gomes Silva BN, Torloni MR, Soares BG |title=Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=10 |issue= |pages=CD008858 |year=2012 |pmid=23076951 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008858.pub2 |editor1-last=Gagliardi |editor1-first=Anna MZ}}</ref>","char_index":387,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=Januari 2023}}\n\n[[Berkas:Xylan.svg|jmpl|200px|Xilan, substrat enzim alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase.]]\n'''Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase''' ({{EC number|3.2.1.55}}, ''arabinosidase'', ''alfa-arabinosidase'', ''alfa-L-arabinosidase'', ''alfa-arabinofuranosidase'', ''polisakarida alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase'', ''alfa-L-arabinofuranoside hidrolase'', ''L-arabinosidase'', ''alfa-L-arabinanase'') adalah [[enzim]] yang berperan dalam mengkatalis pemutusan residu dan rantai samping senyawa [[xilan]] dan [[polisakarida]] lain yang mengandung senyawa [[arabinosa]].<ref name=ref1>Saha BC. 2000. Alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases: biochemistry, molecular biology and application in biotechnology. ''Biotechnol Adv'' 18:403–423.</ref> Senyawa xilan dan arabinosa ini merupakan salah satu jenis [[karbohidrat]] atau [[sakarida]] yang umum dijumpai pada [[dinding sel]] [[tanaman]].<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam uji kalorimetrik dalam hidrolisis p-nitrofenil-alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase.<ref name=ref2>Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Alpha-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref> Arabinosa, salah satu jenis [[monosakarida]], merupakan hasil dari pemotongan senyawa xilan oleh enzim ini.<ref name=ref3>Matte A, Forsberg CW. 1992. Purification, characterization, and mode of action of endoxylanases 1 and 2 from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 58:157–168.</ref> Bersama dengan enzim [[xilanase]], alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase akan membantuk proses degradasi senyawa xilan membentuk molekul-molekul yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat lebih mudah diuraikan.<ref name=book1/> Mekanisme ini berperan penting dalam siklus [[karbon]] di alam dan proses degradasi ini pada umumnya didominasi oleh [[mikroorganisme]] tanah.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"b430d8dab6041df5b75671f9f531302b235b9dd44c8bb8933b4faecd7c61de67","last_revision":"2023-01-06T05:59:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:37:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.044442","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Α-L-Arabinofuranosidase","ja":"Α-L-アラビノフラノシダーゼ","sh":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranozidaza","sr":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranozidaza"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase (, arabinosidase, alfa-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinosidase, alfa-arabinofuranosidase, polisakarida alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase, alfa-L-arabinofuranoside hidrolase, L-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinanase) adalah enzim yang berperan dalam mengkatalis pemutusan residu dan rantai samping senyawa xilan dan polisakarida lain yang mengandung senyawa arabinosa. Senyawa xilan dan arabinosa ini merupakan salah satu jenis karbohidrat atau sakarida yang umum dijumpai pada dinding sel tanaman. Enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam uji kalorimetrik dalam hidrolisis p-nitrofenil-alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase. Arabinosa, salah satu jenis monosakarida, merupakan hasil dari pemotongan senyawa xilan oleh enzim ini. Bersama dengan enzim xilanase, alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase akan membantuk proses degradasi senyawa xilan membentuk molekul-molekul yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat lebih mudah diuraikan. Mekanisme ini berperan penting dalam siklus karbon di alam dan proses degradasi ini pada umumnya didominasi oleh mikroorganisme tanah.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase (, arabinosidase, alfa-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinosidase, alfa-arabinofuranosidase, polisakarida alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase, alfa-L-arabinofuranoside hidrolase, L-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinanase) adalah enzim yang berperan dalam mengkatalis pemutusan residu dan rantai samping senyawa xilan dan polisakarida lain yang mengandung senyawa arabinosa.","translated_text":"Alpha-N-arabinofuranoside (alpha-N-arabinofuranoside, arabinosidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinosidase, alpha-arabinofuranoside, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside polysaccharide, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside hydrolase, L-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinanase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of residues and side chains of xylan compounds and other arabinose-containing polysaccharides.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Saha BC. 2000. Alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases: biochemistry, molecular biology and application in biotechnology. ''Biotechnol Adv'' 18:403–423.</ref>","char_index":378,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa xilan dan arabinosa ini merupakan salah satu jenis karbohidrat atau sakarida yang umum dijumpai pada dinding sel tanaman.","translated_text":"These compounds, xylan and arabinosa, are one of the most common types of carbohydrates or saccharides found on the cell walls of plants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":129,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam uji kalorimetrik dalam hidrolisis p-nitrofenil-alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase.","translated_text":"This enzyme is widely used in calorimetric tests in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref2>Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Alpha-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"ref2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Arabinosa, salah satu jenis monosakarida, merupakan hasil dari pemotongan senyawa xilan oleh enzim ini.","translated_text":"Arabinosa, a type of monosaccharide, is the result of the reduction of xylan compounds by this enzyme.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref3>Matte A, Forsberg CW. 1992. Purification, characterization, and mode of action of endoxylanases 1 and 2 from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 58:157–168.</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"ref3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama dengan enzim xilanase, alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase akan membantuk proses degradasi senyawa xilan membentuk molekul-molekul yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat lebih mudah diuraikan.","translated_text":"Together with the enzyme xilanase, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside will form a process of degradation of the xilan compound to form simpler molecules that can be more easily broken down.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":188,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mekanisme ini berperan penting dalam siklus karbon di alam dan proses degradasi ini pada umumnya didominasi oleh mikroorganisme tanah.","translated_text":"This mechanism plays an important role in the carbon cycle in nature and this degradation process is generally dominated by soil microorganisms.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase (, arabinosidase, alfa-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinosidase, alfa-arabinofuranosidase, polisakarida alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase, alfa-L-arabinofuranoside hidrolase, L-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinanase) adalah enzim yang berperan dalam mengkatalis pemutusan residu dan rantai samping senyawa xilan dan polisakarida lain yang mengandung senyawa arabinosa.","translated_text":"Alpha-N-arabinofuranoside (alpha-N-arabinofuranoside, arabinosidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinosidase, alpha-arabinofuranoside, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside polysaccharide, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside hydrolase, L-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinanase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of residues and side chains of xylan compounds and other arabinose-containing polysaccharides.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Saha BC. 2000. Alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases: biochemistry, molecular biology and application in biotechnology. ''Biotechnol Adv'' 18:403–423.</ref>","char_index":378,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase (, arabinosidase, alfa-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinosidase, alfa-arabinofuranosidase, polisakarida alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase, alfa-L-arabinofuranoside hidrolase, L-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinanase) adalah enzim yang berperan dalam mengkatalis pemutusan residu dan rantai samping senyawa xilan dan polisakarida lain yang mengandung senyawa arabinosa. Senyawa xilan dan arabinosa ini merupakan salah satu jenis karbohidrat atau sakarida yang umum dijumpai pada dinding sel tanaman.","translated_text":"Alpha-N-arabinofuranoside (alpha-N-arabinofuranoside, arabinosidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinosidase, alpha-arabinofuranoside, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside polysaccharide, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside hydrolase, L-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinanase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of residues and side chains of xylan compounds and other arabinose-containing polysaccharides. These compounds, xylan and arabinosa, are one of the most common types of carbohydrates or saccharides found on the cell walls of plants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":508,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alfa-N-arabinofuranosidase (, arabinosidase, alfa-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinosidase, alfa-arabinofuranosidase, polisakarida alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase, alfa-L-arabinofuranoside hidrolase, L-arabinosidase, alfa-L-arabinanase) adalah enzim yang berperan dalam mengkatalis pemutusan residu dan rantai samping senyawa xilan dan polisakarida lain yang mengandung senyawa arabinosa. Senyawa xilan dan arabinosa ini merupakan salah satu jenis karbohidrat atau sakarida yang umum dijumpai pada dinding sel tanaman. Enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam uji kalorimetrik dalam hidrolisis p-nitrofenil-alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase.","translated_text":"Alpha-N-arabinofuranoside (alpha-N-arabinofuranoside, arabinosidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinosidase, alpha-arabinofuranoside, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside polysaccharide, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside hydrolase, L-arabinosidase, alpha-L-arabinanase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of residues and side chains of xylan compounds and other arabinose-containing polysaccharides. These compounds, xylan and arabinosa, are one of the most common types of carbohydrates or saccharides found on the cell walls of plants. This enzyme is widely used in calorimetric tests in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref2>Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Alpha-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":620,"name":"ref2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Senyawa xilan dan arabinosa ini merupakan salah satu jenis karbohidrat atau sakarida yang umum dijumpai pada dinding sel tanaman. Enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam uji kalorimetrik dalam hidrolisis p-nitrofenil-alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase. Arabinosa, salah satu jenis monosakarida, merupakan hasil dari pemotongan senyawa xilan oleh enzim ini.","translated_text":"These compounds, xylan and arabinosa, are one of the most common types of carbohydrates or saccharides found on the cell walls of plants. This enzyme is widely used in calorimetric tests in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside. Arabinosa, a type of monosaccharide, is the result of the reduction of xylan compounds by this enzyme.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref3>Matte A, Forsberg CW. 1992. Purification, characterization, and mode of action of endoxylanases 1 and 2 from Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 58:157–168.</ref>","char_index":345,"name":"ref3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam uji kalorimetrik dalam hidrolisis p-nitrofenil-alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase. Arabinosa, salah satu jenis monosakarida, merupakan hasil dari pemotongan senyawa xilan oleh enzim ini. Bersama dengan enzim xilanase, alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase akan membantuk proses degradasi senyawa xilan membentuk molekul-molekul yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat lebih mudah diuraikan.","translated_text":"This enzyme is widely used in calorimetric tests in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside. Arabinosa, a type of monosaccharide, is the result of the reduction of xylan compounds by this enzyme. Together with the enzyme xilanase, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside will form a process of degradation of the xilan compound to form simpler molecules that can be more easily broken down.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":404,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Arabinosa, salah satu jenis monosakarida, merupakan hasil dari pemotongan senyawa xilan oleh enzim ini. Bersama dengan enzim xilanase, alfa-L-arabinofuranosidase akan membantuk proses degradasi senyawa xilan membentuk molekul-molekul yang lebih sederhana sehingga dapat lebih mudah diuraikan. Mekanisme ini berperan penting dalam siklus karbon di alam dan proses degradasi ini pada umumnya didominasi oleh mikroorganisme tanah.","translated_text":"Arabinosa, a type of monosaccharide, is the result of the reduction of xylan compounds by this enzyme. Together with the enzyme xilanase, alpha-L-arabinofuranoside will form a process of degradation of the xilan compound to form simpler molecules that can be more easily broken down. This mechanism plays an important role in the carbon cycle in nature and this degradation process is generally dominated by soil microorganisms.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":427,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Chris Sligh","wikicode":"[[Berkas:ChrisSlighHalfPastForever.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Chris Sligh]]\n'''Chris Sligh''' ({{lahirmati|[[Madisson]], [[Tennessee]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|20|7|1978}}) adalah seorang [[penyanyi]] dan [[musisi]] dari [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]].<ref name=\"Chris\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Chris Sligh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Namanya mulai dikenal masyarakat setelah ia berhasil menjadi [[finalis]] [[American idol musim keenam]].<ref name=\"Sligh\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Profil Chris Sligh'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Ia merupakan [[anak]] dari seorang [[misionaris]].<ref name=\"Sligh\"/> [[Bakat]] [[menyanyi]]nya mulai dikembangkannya setelah ia berada di [[perguruan tinggi]] dan mulai membentuk [[band]] ketika berkuliah di ''Bob Jones University.''<ref name=\"Sligh\"/> Ia tereliminasi dari ajang tersebut pada 28 Maret 2007 dan hanya berhasil menempati 10 besar.<ref name=\"Sligh\"/>\n\nSetelah tersisih, Chris tetap mengejar kariernya di bidang [[musik]].<ref name=\"Sligh\"/> Chris menandatangani kontrak rekaman dengan sebuah [[manajemen musik]] bernama ''Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine'' dan kemudian kembali ke bandnya ''Half Past Forever''.<ref name=\"Chris\"/><ref name=\"Sligh\"/> Pada Oktober 2007, Chris berhasil mengeluarkan sebuah [[album Solo]] di bawah sebuah label Kristen dan aktif menulis beberapa [[lagu]].<ref name=\"Chris\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1978||}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Sligh, Chris}}\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]\n[[Kategori:American idol]]\n\n\n{{penyanyi-stub}}","hash":"13ea8f13c45fd300c8bbe11a9d31da26f42c5ba03fc016c976b36ca2aa375c17","last_revision":"2022-11-28T10:37:09Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:39:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.101499","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"كريس سليج","en":"Chris Sligh","fr":"Chris Sligh"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Chris Sligh () adalah seorang penyanyi dan musisi dari Amerika. Namanya mulai dikenal masyarakat setelah ia berhasil menjadi finalis American idol musim keenam. Ia merupakan anak dari seorang misionaris. Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya setelah ia berada di perguruan tinggi dan mulai membentuk band ketika berkuliah di Bob Jones University. Ia tereliminasi dari ajang tersebut pada 28 Maret 2007 dan hanya berhasil menempati 10 besar.\n\nSetelah tersisih, Chris tetap mengejar kariernya di bidang musik. Chris menandatangani kontrak rekaman dengan sebuah manajemen musik bernama Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine dan kemudian kembali ke bandnya Half Past Forever. Pada Oktober 2007, Chris berhasil mengeluarkan sebuah album Solo di bawah sebuah label Kristen dan aktif menulis beberapa lagu.\n\nKategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Chris Sligh () adalah seorang penyanyi dan musisi dari Amerika.","translated_text":"Chris Sligh () is an American singer and musician.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Chris\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Chris Sligh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":63,"name":"Chris","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:25.808154-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namanya mulai dikenal masyarakat setelah ia berhasil menjadi finalis American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"Her name became known to the public after she became a finalist on the sixth season of American Idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Sligh\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Profil Chris Sligh'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"Sligh","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.293446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah tersisih, Chris tetap mengejar kariernya di bidang musik.","translated_text":"After his discharge, Chris continued pursuing a career in music.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Sligh\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Profil Chris Sligh'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":65,"name":"Sligh","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.293446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Chris menandatangani kontrak rekaman dengan sebuah manajemen musik bernama Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine dan kemudian kembali ke bandnya Half Past Forever.","translated_text":"Chris signed a recording contract with a music management company called Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine and later returned to his band Half Past Forever.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Chris\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Chris Sligh'']. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":127,"name":"Chris","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:25.808154-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol","translated_text":"Categories:Singer and singer Category:American idol","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Chris Sligh () adalah seorang penyanyi dan musisi dari Amerika.","translated_text":"Chris Sligh () is an American singer and musician.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Chris\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Chris Sligh'']. 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Her name became known to the public after she became a finalist on the sixth season of American Idol.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Sligh\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Profil Chris Sligh'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Ia tereliminasi dari ajang tersebut pada 28 Maret 2007 dan hanya berhasil menempati 10 besar.","translated_text":"He was the son of a missionary. His singing skills began to develop after he was in college and he started forming bands while attending Bob Jones University. She was eliminated from the event on March 28, 2007 and only managed to place in the top 10.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Sligh\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Profil Chris Sligh'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":281,"name":"Sligh","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.293446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]},{"text":"Setelah tersisih, Chris tetap mengejar kariernya di bidang musik.","translated_text":"After his discharge, Chris continued pursuing a career in music.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Sligh\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Profil Chris Sligh'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Chris menandatangani kontrak rekaman dengan sebuah manajemen musik bernama Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine dan kemudian kembali ke bandnya Half Past Forever.","translated_text":"After his discharge, Chris continued pursuing a career in music. Chris signed a recording contract with a music management company called Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine and later returned to his band Half Past Forever.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Chris\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Chris Sligh'']. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":222,"name":"Sligh","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/chris-sligh.aspx&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CE4Q7gEwCTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.293446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]},{"text":"Setelah tersisih, Chris tetap mengejar kariernya di bidang musik. Chris menandatangani kontrak rekaman dengan sebuah manajemen musik bernama Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine dan kemudian kembali ke bandnya Half Past Forever. Pada Oktober 2007, Chris berhasil mengeluarkan sebuah album Solo di bawah sebuah label Kristen dan aktif menulis beberapa lagu.","translated_text":"After his discharge, Chris continued pursuing a career in music. Chris signed a recording contract with a music management company called Blanton Harrell Cook & Corzine and later returned to his band Half Past Forever. In October 2007, Chris managed to release a solo album under a Christian label and actively wrote several songs.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Chris\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl ''Chris Sligh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":350,"name":"Chris","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2554060/&ei=WIcUTIXKJoOzrAe8lsGECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DChris%2BSligh%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:25.808154-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}]}]}
+{"title":"Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat","wikicode":"{{Infobox Film\n|movie_name     = Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat\n|image          = Mata_malaikat.jpg\n|size           = \n|caption        = Poster film ''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat''\n|director       = [[Iksan Lahardi]]\n|producer       = \n|eproducer      = \n|aproducer      = \n|writer         = \n|starring       = [[Rani Soraya]]<br />[[Ricky Hosada]]<br />[[Advent Bangun]]<br />[[Inne Kuera]]<br />[[Dadeng Herang]]<br />[[Peter Chan Lau]]<br />[[Enny Beatrice]]<br />[[Bung Salim]]<br />[[Rio Thamrin]]<br />[[Buang Watari]]<br />[[Rudy Waha]]b<br />[[Usbanda]]\n|music          = \n|cinematography = [[Sodikin]]\n|editing        = \n|distributor    = [[Hargulin Films]]\n|released       = 1988\n|runtime        = 87 menit\n|country        = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n|awards         = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n|budget         = \n|gross          = \t\n|preceded_by    = \n|followed_by    = \n|amg_id         = \n|imdb_id        = \n}}\n'''''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat''''' adalah [[film aksi laga]] tahun [[1988 dalam film|1988]] dari [[Indonesia]] yang disutradarai oleh [[Iksan Lahardi]] dan dibintangi oleh [[Advent Bangun]] dan [[Rani Soraya]]. Cerita film ini dibuat berdasarkan serial [[komik]] ''[[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]]'' karya [[Ganes TH]], terutama dari cerita komik edisi \"''Bangkitnya [[Si Mata Malaikat]]''\" tahun 1987. Film ini didistribusikan oleh ''[[Hargulin Films]]''.\n\n== Sinopsis ==\n\n[[Si Mata Malaikat]] ([[Advent Bangun]]) telah tewas di tangan Barda Mandrawata alias [[Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu]] ([[Ricky Hosada]]) dalam [[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (film 1970)|kisah sebelumnya]]. Suatu malam kilat menyambar kuburannya, dan dengan kepala terpisah ia bangkit lagi sesuai dengan ilmu yang dimilikinya. Tubuh Si Mata Malaikat yang mencari [[kepala]]nya kemudian mengobrak-abrik sebuah perkampungan. Akhirnya ia mengetahui bahwa kepalanya dibawa Si Sapu Jagat ([[Dadeng Herang]]). Maka setelah berhasil mengalahkan Sapu Jagat dan menyandra anaknya, dia menyuruh istri Si Sapu Jagat, Marni ([[Rani Soraya]]) untuk mencari musuh bebuyutannya, Barda Mandrawata, agar kepalanya bisa kembali. Marni berguru pada seorang sakti bernama Guntur Saketi. Ia diberi ajian ''Jarum Seribu Halilintar'' yang harus dipraktikkan bersama muridnya, Darus ([[Peter Chan Lau]]). Dengan dibantu Darus dan dengan ilmu yang diperolehnya Marni harus bertempur untuk mengalahkan Si Mata Malaikat.<ref>[http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M1350 Laman ''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat'']{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 13 Juni 2010</ref>\n\n== Pemeran ==\n* [[Advent Bangun]] sebagai [[Si Mata Malaikat]], musuh bebuyutan [[Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu]]\n* [[Rani Soraya]] sebagai Marni Dewiyanti, istri Si Sapu Jagat\n* [[Dadeng Herang]] sebagai Daud Korda, alias Si Sapu Jagat\n* [[Peter Chan Lau]] sebagai Darus\n* [[Ricky Hosada]] sebagai Barda Mandrawata, alias Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{id}} [http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M1350 Resensi di situs perfilman.pnri.go.id]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [http://www.citwf.com/film29166.htm ''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat''] di CITWF\n* [http://ganesth.multiply.com/journal/item/15 Profil tokoh \"''Si Mata Malaikat''\" di blog GanesTH]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n\n[[Kategori:Film laga]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1988]]\n\n\n{{Film-indo-stub}}","hash":"dbf9dcdaa77390b3e8d28d03b9e0d5851d78c251d8f9820679054bfab7fad0c4","last_revision":"2022-11-24T22:36:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:45:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.166116","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat adalah film aksi laga tahun 1988 dari Indonesia yang disutradarai oleh Iksan Lahardi dan dibintangi oleh Advent Bangun dan Rani Soraya. Cerita film ini dibuat berdasarkan serial komik Si Buta dari Gua Hantu karya Ganes TH, terutama dari cerita komik edisi \"Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat\" tahun 1987. Film ini didistribusikan oleh Hargulin Films.\n\nSi Mata Malaikat (Advent Bangun) telah tewas di tangan Barda Mandrawata alias Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu (Ricky Hosada) dalam kisah sebelumnya. Suatu malam kilat menyambar kuburannya, dan dengan kepala terpisah ia bangkit lagi sesuai dengan ilmu yang dimilikinya. Tubuh Si Mata Malaikat yang mencari kepalanya kemudian mengobrak-abrik sebuah perkampungan. Akhirnya ia mengetahui bahwa kepalanya dibawa Si Sapu Jagat (Dadeng Herang). Maka setelah berhasil mengalahkan Sapu Jagat dan menyandra anaknya, dia menyuruh istri Si Sapu Jagat, Marni (Rani Soraya) untuk mencari musuh bebuyutannya, Barda Mandrawata, agar kepalanya bisa kembali. Marni berguru pada seorang sakti bernama Guntur Saketi. Ia diberi ajian Jarum Seribu Halilintar yang harus dipraktikkan bersama muridnya, Darus (Peter Chan Lau). Dengan dibantu Darus dan dengan ilmu yang diperolehnya Marni harus bertempur untuk mengalahkan Si Mata Malaikat.\n\nAdvent Bangun sebagai Si Mata Malaikat, musuh bebuyutan Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu Rani Soraya sebagai Marni Dewiyanti, istri Si Sapu Jagat Dadeng Herang sebagai Daud Korda, alias Si Sapu Jagat Peter Chan Lau sebagai Darus Ricky Hosada sebagai Barda Mandrawata, alias Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu\n\nResensi di situs perfilman.pnri.go.id Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat di CITWF Profil tokoh \"Si Mata Malaikat\" di blog GanesTH\n\nKategori:Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1988\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Film\n|movie_name     = Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat\n|image          = Mata_malaikat.jpg\n|size           = \n|caption        = Poster film ''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat''\n|director       = [[Iksan Lahardi]]\n|producer       = \n|eproducer      = \n|aproducer      = \n|writer         = \n|starring       = [[Rani Soraya]]<br />[[Ricky Hosada]]<br />[[Advent Bangun]]<br />[[Inne Kuera]]<br />[[Dadeng Herang]]<br />[[Peter Chan Lau]]<br />[[Enny Beatrice]]<br />[[Bung Salim]]<br />[[Rio Thamrin]]<br />[[Buang Watari]]<br />[[Rudy Waha]]b<br />[[Usbanda]]\n|music          = \n|cinematography = [[Sodikin]]\n|editing        = \n|distributor    = [[Hargulin Films]]\n|released       = 1988\n|runtime        = 87 menit\n|country        = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n|awards         = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n|budget         = \n|gross          = \t\n|preceded_by    = \n|followed_by    = \n|amg_id         = \n|imdb_id        = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat adalah film aksi laga tahun 1988 dari Indonesia yang disutradarai oleh Iksan Lahardi dan dibintangi oleh Advent Bangun dan Rani Soraya.","translated_text":"Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat is a 1988 Indonesian action film directed by Iksan Lahardi and starring Advent Bangun and Rani Soraya.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cerita film ini dibuat berdasarkan serial komik Si Buta dari Gua Hantu karya Ganes TH, terutama dari cerita komik edisi \"Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat\" tahun 1987.","translated_text":"The story of the film is based on the comic series The Blind Man from the Ghost Cave by Ganes T.H., primarily from the comic story of the 1987 edition of The Rise of the Angel's Eye.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Film ini didistribusikan oleh Hargulin Films.","translated_text":"The film was distributed by Hargulin Films.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Si Mata Malaikat (Advent Bangun) telah tewas di tangan Barda Mandrawata alias Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu (Ricky Hosada) dalam kisah sebelumnya.","translated_text":"The Angel's Eye (Awakened Advent) has been killed at the hands of Barda Mandrawata alias the Blind from Ghost Goa (Ricky Hosada) in the previous story.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suatu malam kilat menyambar kuburannya, dan dengan kepala terpisah ia bangkit lagi sesuai dengan ilmu yang dimilikinya.","translated_text":"One night lightning struck his grave, and with his head separated he rose again according to his knowledge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tubuh Si Mata Malaikat yang mencari kepalanya kemudian mengobrak-abrik sebuah perkampungan.","translated_text":"The Angel's Eye's body searching for his head then breaks through a village.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akhirnya ia mengetahui bahwa kepalanya dibawa Si Sapu Jagat (Dadeng Herang).","translated_text":"Finally, he learned that his head had been carried by the Beast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka setelah berhasil mengalahkan Sapu Jagat dan menyandra anaknya, dia menyuruh istri Si Sapu Jagat, Marni (Rani Soraya) untuk mencari musuh bebuyutannya, Barda Mandrawata, agar kepalanya bisa kembali.","translated_text":"And when he had conquered Sapu Jagat and adopted his son, he sent his wife Marni (Rani Soraya) to find his great enemy, Barda Mandrawata, so that his head might return.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Marni berguru pada seorang sakti bernama Guntur Saketi.","translated_text":"Marni was studying under a priest named Guntur Saketi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia diberi ajian Jarum Seribu Halilintar yang harus dipraktikkan bersama muridnya, Darus (Peter Chan Lau).","translated_text":"He was given the Thousand Halilintar Needle exam to practice with his disciple, Darus (Peter Chan Lau).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan dibantu Darus dan dengan ilmu yang diperolehnya Marni harus bertempur untuk mengalahkan Si Mata Malaikat.","translated_text":"With Darus' help and the knowledge she gained, Marni must fight to defeat the Angel's Eye.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M1350 Laman ''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat'']{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 13 Juni 2010</ref>","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M1350","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.874399-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemeran","translated_text":"Actors","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Advent Bangun sebagai Si Mata Malaikat, musuh bebuyutan Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu Rani Soraya sebagai Marni Dewiyanti, istri Si Sapu Jagat Dadeng Herang sebagai Daud Korda, alias Si Sapu Jagat Peter Chan Lau sebagai Darus Ricky Hosada sebagai Barda Mandrawata, alias Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu","translated_text":"Advent wakes up as the Eye of the Angel, enemy of the Blind from Goa ghost Rani Soraya as Marni Dewiyanti, wife of the Sapu Jagat Dadeng Herang as David Korda, alias the Sapu Jagat Peter Chan Lau as Darus Ricky Hosada as Barda Mandrawata, alias the Blind from Goa ghost","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Resensi di situs perfilman.pnri.go.id Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat di CITWF Profil tokoh \"Si Mata Malaikat\" di blog GanesTH","translated_text":"Reviews on film.pnri.go.id The Rise of the Angel's Eye at CITWF","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1988","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian films Category:Films based on Indonesian comics Category:Indonesian films of 1988","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Marni berguru pada seorang sakti bernama Guntur Saketi. Ia diberi ajian Jarum Seribu Halilintar yang harus dipraktikkan bersama muridnya, Darus (Peter Chan Lau). Dengan dibantu Darus dan dengan ilmu yang diperolehnya Marni harus bertempur untuk mengalahkan Si Mata Malaikat.","translated_text":"Marni was studying under a priest named Guntur Saketi. He was given the Thousand Halilintar Needle exam to practice with his disciple, Darus (Peter Chan Lau). With Darus' help and the knowledge she gained, Marni must fight to defeat the Angel's Eye.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M1350 Laman ''Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat'']{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 13 Juni 2010</ref>","char_index":274,"name":null,"url":"http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M1350","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.874399-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Mata malaikat.jpg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n| description    =\nPoster [[film aksi laga]] tahun [[1988]] dari [[Indonesia]], ''[[Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat]]''. Didistribusi oleh ''[[Hargulin Films]]''. Sumber berkas dari [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_sytcDFkLNAw/S546IR3wtxI/AAAAAAAAIgU/pafnOKa2_pY/s1600-h/mata+malaikat sini]\n\n| source         = (sumber)\n| date           = (tanggal)\n| location       = (tempat; opsional)\n| author         = (pembuat)\n| permission     = \n| other_versions = \n}}\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{Poster}}","hash":"774e0118a59e28a4e2d7bedaffd64c1a1221dd26cda7272fede56abff711758e","last_revision":"2015-02-09T08:59:50Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:56:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.225709","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Aminopeptidase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:PDB 1amp EBI.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D aminopeptidase.]]\n'''Aminopeptidase''' adalah [[enzim]] yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan [[peptida]] pada bagian ujung N pada suatu [[protein]].\n<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim ini memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan [[karboksipeptidase]], akan tetapi karboksipeptidase memotong pada bagian ujung C suatu protein.<ref name=book1/> Banyak [[organisme]] yang mampu menghasilkan enzim ini, seperti [[bakteri]], [[fungi]] ([[cendawan]]), [[tanaman]], hingga [[hewan]] [[mamalia]].<ref name=ref2>Gonzales T, Robert-Baudouy J. 1996. Bacterial aminopeptidases: properties and functions. ''FEMS Microbiol'' 18:319-344.</ref><ref name=ref3>Tu CJ, Park SY, Walling LL. 2003. Isolation and characterization af neutral leucine aminopeptidase (LapN) of tomato. ''Plant Physiol'' 132:243-255.</ref> Terutama pada mamalia, aminopeptidase banyak berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh terhadap serangan berbagai jenis [[penyakit]].<ref name=ref4/> Oleh karena itu, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan di bidang [[farmasi]].<ref name=ref4>Scornik OA, Botbol V. 2001. Bestatin as an experimental tool in mammals. ''Curr Drug Metab'' 2:67–85.</ref> Selain itu, enzim ini juga mulai diterapkan di bidang [[bioteknologi]] dan [[agroindustri]].<ref name=ref5>Seppo L, Jauhiainen T, Pousa T, Korpela R. 2003. A fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects. ''Am J Clin Nutr'' 77:326–330.</ref>\n\nAminopeptidase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan, yaitu:\n* aminoasil- dan iminoasilpeptidase (EC 3.4.11)<ref name=ref1/>\n* dipeptidil- dan tripeptidil peptidase (EC 3.4.14)<ref name=ref1/>\n* dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15) dan tripeptidase (EC 3.4.14.4).<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>\n\nBeberapa contoh aminopeptidase adalah leusil aminopeptidase, aspartil aminopeptidase, dan metionil aminopeptidase.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"d51aa85b3284d2fc925a44ca237b400e607f0d49007b4276ccb6c5f43dbcc9d2","last_revision":"2023-02-12T05:22:14Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T07:59:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.284023","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أمينوببتيداز","de":"Aminopeptidasen","el":"Αμινοπεπτιδάση","en":"Aminopeptidase","es":"Aminopeptidasa","eu":"Aminopeptidasa","kk":"Аминопептидазалар","ms":"Aminopeptidase","pl":"Aminopeptydazy","sl":"Aminopeptidaza","sv":"Aminopeptidas","vi":"Aminopeptidase"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Aminopeptidase adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan peptida pada bagian ujung N pada suatu protein. Enzim ini memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan karboksipeptidase, akan tetapi karboksipeptidase memotong pada bagian ujung C suatu protein. Banyak organisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim ini, seperti bakteri, fungi (cendawan), tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia. Terutama pada mamalia, aminopeptidase banyak berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh terhadap serangan berbagai jenis penyakit. Oleh karena itu, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan di bidang farmasi. Selain itu, enzim ini juga mulai diterapkan di bidang bioteknologi dan agroindustri.\n\nAminopeptidase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan, yaitu: aminoasil- dan iminoasilpeptidase (EC 3.4.11) dipeptidil- dan tripeptidil peptidase (EC 3.4.14) dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15) dan tripeptidase (EC 3.4.14.4).\n\nBeberapa contoh aminopeptidase adalah leusil aminopeptidase, aspartil aminopeptidase, dan metionil aminopeptidase.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aminopeptidase adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan peptida pada bagian ujung N pada suatu protein.","translated_text":"Aminopeptidase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze peptide bonds at the N-terminal portion of a protein.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan karboksipeptidase, akan tetapi karboksipeptidase memotong pada bagian ujung C suatu protein.","translated_text":"This enzyme has many similarities to carboxypeptidase, but carboxypeptidase cuts on the C-terminal portion of a protein.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Banyak organisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim ini, seperti bakteri, fungi (cendawan), tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia.","translated_text":"Many organisms are capable of producing this enzyme, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and even mammals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref2>Gonzales T, Robert-Baudouy J. 1996. Bacterial aminopeptidases: properties and functions. ''FEMS Microbiol'' 18:319-344.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"ref2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=ref3>Tu CJ, Park SY, Walling LL. 2003. Isolation and characterization af neutral leucine aminopeptidase (LapN) of tomato. ''Plant Physiol'' 132:243-255.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"ref3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terutama pada mamalia, aminopeptidase banyak berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh terhadap serangan berbagai jenis penyakit.","translated_text":"Especially in mammals, aminopeptidase plays a large role in maintaining the body's health against the onset of various types of disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref4>Scornik OA, Botbol V. 2001. Bestatin as an experimental tool in mammals. ''Curr Drug Metab'' 2:67–85.</ref>","char_index":126,"name":"ref4","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan di bidang farmasi.","translated_text":"Therefore, this enzyme is often applied in pharmaceuticals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref4>Scornik OA, Botbol V. 2001. Bestatin as an experimental tool in mammals. ''Curr Drug Metab'' 2:67–85.</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"ref4","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, enzim ini juga mulai diterapkan di bidang bioteknologi dan agroindustri.","translated_text":"In addition, this enzyme has also begun to be applied in biotechnology and agroindustries.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref5>Seppo L, Jauhiainen T, Pousa T, Korpela R. 2003. A fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects. ''Am J Clin Nutr'' 77:326–330.</ref>","char_index":84,"name":"ref5","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aminopeptidase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan, yaitu: aminoasil- dan iminoasilpeptidase (EC 3.4.11) dipeptidil- dan tripeptidil peptidase (EC 3.4.14) dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15) dan tripeptidase (EC 3.4.14.4).","translated_text":"Aminopeptidases can be divided into 3 groups, namely: aminoacyl- and iminoacylpeptidase (EC 3.4.11) peptidyl- and tripeptidyl peptidase (EC 3.4.14) peptidase (EC 3.4.15) and tripeptidase (EC 3.4.14.4).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beberapa contoh aminopeptidase adalah leusil aminopeptidase, aspartil aminopeptidase, dan metionil aminopeptidase.","translated_text":"Some examples of aminopeptidases are leucil aminopeptidase, aspartyl aminopeptidase, and methionyl aminopeptidase.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Aminopeptidase adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan peptida pada bagian ujung N pada suatu protein.","translated_text":"Aminopeptidase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze peptide bonds at the N-terminal portion of a protein.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aminopeptidase adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan peptida pada bagian ujung N pada suatu protein. Enzim ini memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan karboksipeptidase, akan tetapi karboksipeptidase memotong pada bagian ujung C suatu protein.","translated_text":"Aminopeptidase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze peptide bonds at the N-terminal portion of a protein. This enzyme has many similarities to carboxypeptidase, but carboxypeptidase cuts on the C-terminal portion of a protein.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":243,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aminopeptidase adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis ikatan peptida pada bagian ujung N pada suatu protein. Enzim ini memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan karboksipeptidase, akan tetapi karboksipeptidase memotong pada bagian ujung C suatu protein. Banyak organisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim ini, seperti bakteri, fungi (cendawan), tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia.","translated_text":"Aminopeptidase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze peptide bonds at the N-terminal portion of a protein. This enzyme has many similarities to carboxypeptidase, but carboxypeptidase cuts on the C-terminal portion of a protein. Many organisms are capable of producing this enzyme, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and even mammals.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref2>Gonzales T, Robert-Baudouy J. 1996. Bacterial aminopeptidases: properties and functions. ''FEMS Microbiol'' 18:319-344.</ref>","char_index":361,"name":"ref2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=ref3>Tu CJ, Park SY, Walling LL. 2003. Isolation and characterization af neutral leucine aminopeptidase (LapN) of tomato. ''Plant Physiol'' 132:243-255.</ref>","char_index":361,"name":"ref3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan karboksipeptidase, akan tetapi karboksipeptidase memotong pada bagian ujung C suatu protein. Banyak organisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim ini, seperti bakteri, fungi (cendawan), tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia. Terutama pada mamalia, aminopeptidase banyak berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh terhadap serangan berbagai jenis penyakit.","translated_text":"This enzyme has many similarities to carboxypeptidase, but carboxypeptidase cuts on the C-terminal portion of a protein. Many organisms are capable of producing this enzyme, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and even mammals. Especially in mammals, aminopeptidase plays a large role in maintaining the body's health against the onset of various types of disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref4>Scornik OA, Botbol V. 2001. Bestatin as an experimental tool in mammals. ''Curr Drug Metab'' 2:67–85.</ref>","char_index":379,"name":"ref4","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Banyak organisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim ini, seperti bakteri, fungi (cendawan), tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia. Terutama pada mamalia, aminopeptidase banyak berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh terhadap serangan berbagai jenis penyakit. Oleh karena itu, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan di bidang farmasi.","translated_text":"Many organisms are capable of producing this enzyme, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and even mammals. Especially in mammals, aminopeptidase plays a large role in maintaining the body's health against the onset of various types of disease. Therefore, this enzyme is often applied in pharmaceuticals.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref4>Scornik OA, Botbol V. 2001. Bestatin as an experimental tool in mammals. ''Curr Drug Metab'' 2:67–85.</ref>","char_index":311,"name":"ref4","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terutama pada mamalia, aminopeptidase banyak berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh terhadap serangan berbagai jenis penyakit. Oleh karena itu, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan di bidang farmasi. Selain itu, enzim ini juga mulai diterapkan di bidang bioteknologi dan agroindustri.","translated_text":"Especially in mammals, aminopeptidase plays a large role in maintaining the body's health against the onset of various types of disease. Therefore, this enzyme is often applied in pharmaceuticals. In addition, this enzyme has also begun to be applied in biotechnology and agroindustries.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref5>Seppo L, Jauhiainen T, Pousa T, Korpela R. 2003. A fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects. ''Am J Clin Nutr'' 77:326–330.</ref>","char_index":278,"name":"ref5","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aminopeptidase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan, yaitu: aminoasil- dan iminoasilpeptidase (EC 3.4.11) dipeptidil- dan tripeptidil peptidase (EC 3.4.14) dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15) dan tripeptidase (EC 3.4.14.4).","translated_text":"Aminopeptidases can be divided into 3 groups, namely: aminoacyl- and iminoacylpeptidase (EC 3.4.11) peptidyl- and tripeptidyl peptidase (EC 3.4.14) peptidase (EC 3.4.15) and tripeptidase (EC 3.4.14.4).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Sanderink GJ, Arthur Y, Siest G. 1988. Human aminopetidasea: review of the literature. ''J Clin Chem Biochem'' 26:795–807.</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa contoh aminopeptidase adalah leusil aminopeptidase, aspartil aminopeptidase, dan metionil aminopeptidase.","translated_text":"Some examples of aminopeptidases are leucil aminopeptidase, aspartyl aminopeptidase, and methionyl aminopeptidase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 247-248. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Negroni","wikicode":"{{Infobox drink/wd}}\n\n'''Negroni''' adalah [[minuman]] [[koktail]] klasik yang merupakan campuran dari [[vermouth]] manis, [[Campari]], [[gin]] dan kulit [[jeruk]] atau [[lemon]] sebagai hiasan.<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Negroni diciptakan pertama kali di [[Italia]] pada [[1920]].<ref name=\"about\"/> Nama minuman ini didapat dari seorang [[aristokrat]] yang bernama [[Camillo Negroni]].<ref name=\"about\"/><ref name=\"negroni\">{{en}} [http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml Negroni], ''Cocktail Times''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Ia selalu memesan [[Americano]] apabila berkunjung ke [[Cafe]] ''Casoni'' di [[Florence]], Italia.<ref name=\"about\"/><ref name=\"negroni\"/> Kemudian ia meminta [[bartender]] yang melayaninya untuk menambahkan gin pada minuman Americano yang dipesannya.<ref name=\"negroni\"/> Minuman tersebut pun menjadi populer dan dikenal sebagai Negroni.<ref name=\"about\"/><ref name=\"negroni\"/> Negroni biasanya diminum sebelum makan malam sebagai [[aperitif]] atau pembangkit selera makan.<ref name=\"negroni\"/> Koktail negroni ini disajikan dalam gelas pendek.<ref name=\"about\"/> Kulit jeruk yang digunakan sebagai hiasan untuk negroni sering kali dibakar terlebih dahulu sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam minuman sehingga aroma dari jeruk tersebut terasa.<ref name=\"negroni\"/>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Koktail]]\n* [[Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Negroni}}\n{{minuman-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Koktail]]","hash":"116c0c1e920fae9cd3110bd77a2d3b6da88af6483c071807c539d75efc9545f0","last_revision":"2023-05-01T20:25:10Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:02:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.336813","cross_lingual_links":{"az":"Neqroni","ca":"Negroni","cs":"Negroni","de":"Negroni (Cocktail)","el":"Νεγκρόνι","en":"Negroni","es":"Negroni","eu":"Negroni","fa":"نگرونی","fi":"Negroni","fr":"Negroni (cocktail)","he":"נגרוני","it":"Negroni","ja":"ネグローニ","ka":"ნეგრონი","ko":"네그로니","lt":"Negroni","lv":"Negroni","mk":"Негрони","nl":"Negroni","nb":"Negroni","pl":"Negroni","pt":"Negroni","ro":"Negroni","ru":"Негрони (коктейль)","sv":"Negroni","tr":"Negroni","uk":"Неґроні","zh":"尼格罗尼"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Negroni adalah minuman koktail klasik yang merupakan campuran dari vermouth manis, Campari, gin dan kulit jeruk atau lemon sebagai hiasan. Negroni diciptakan pertama kali di Italia pada 1920. Nama minuman ini didapat dari seorang aristokrat yang bernama Camillo Negroni. Ia selalu memesan Americano apabila berkunjung ke Cafe Casoni di Florence, Italia. Kemudian ia meminta bartender yang melayaninya untuk menambahkan gin pada minuman Americano yang dipesannya. Minuman tersebut pun menjadi populer dan dikenal sebagai Negroni. Negroni biasanya diminum sebelum makan malam sebagai aperitif atau pembangkit selera makan. Koktail negroni ini disajikan dalam gelas pendek. Kulit jeruk yang digunakan sebagai hiasan untuk negroni sering kali dibakar terlebih dahulu sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam minuman sehingga aroma dari jeruk tersebut terasa.\n\nKoktail Minuman beralkohol\n\nKategori:Koktail\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox drink/wd}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Negroni adalah minuman koktail klasik yang merupakan campuran dari vermouth manis, Campari, gin dan kulit jeruk atau lemon sebagai hiasan.","translated_text":"Negroni is a classic cocktail drink that is a mixture of sweet vermouth, Campari, gin and orange or lemon skins as a decoration.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. 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Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":52,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.894056-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama minuman ini didapat dari seorang aristokrat yang bernama Camillo Negroni.","translated_text":"The drink's name comes from an aristocrat named Camillo Negroni.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. 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Negroni was first invented in Italy in 1920.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":191,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.894056-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625}]},{"text":"Negroni adalah minuman koktail klasik yang merupakan campuran dari vermouth manis, Campari, gin dan kulit jeruk atau lemon sebagai hiasan. Negroni diciptakan pertama kali di Italia pada 1920. Nama minuman ini didapat dari seorang aristokrat yang bernama Camillo Negroni.","translated_text":"Negroni is a classic cocktail drink that is a mixture of sweet vermouth, Campari, gin and orange or lemon skins as a decoration. Negroni was first invented in Italy in 1920. The drink's name comes from an aristocrat named Camillo Negroni.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. 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Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":270,"name":"negroni","url":"http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:27.280968-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Negroni diciptakan pertama kali di Italia pada 1920. Nama minuman ini didapat dari seorang aristokrat yang bernama Camillo Negroni. Ia selalu memesan Americano apabila berkunjung ke Cafe Casoni di Florence, Italia.","translated_text":"Negroni was first invented in Italy in 1920. The drink's name comes from an aristocrat named Camillo Negroni. He always ordered Americano when he visited Cafe Casoni in Florence, Italy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":214,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.894056-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625},{"content":"<ref name=\"negroni\">{{en}} [http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml Negroni], ''Cocktail Times''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":214,"name":"negroni","url":"http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:27.280968-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nama minuman ini didapat dari seorang aristokrat yang bernama Camillo Negroni. Ia selalu memesan Americano apabila berkunjung ke Cafe Casoni di Florence, Italia. Kemudian ia meminta bartender yang melayaninya untuk menambahkan gin pada minuman Americano yang dipesannya.","translated_text":"The drink's name comes from an aristocrat named Camillo Negroni. He always ordered Americano when he visited Cafe Casoni in Florence, Italy. Then he asked the bartender to add gin to the Americano he had ordered.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"negroni\">{{en}} [http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml Negroni], ''Cocktail Times''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":270,"name":"negroni","url":"http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:27.280968-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia selalu memesan Americano apabila berkunjung ke Cafe Casoni di Florence, Italia. Kemudian ia meminta bartender yang melayaninya untuk menambahkan gin pada minuman Americano yang dipesannya. Minuman tersebut pun menjadi populer dan dikenal sebagai Negroni.","translated_text":"He always ordered Americano when he visited Cafe Casoni in Florence, Italy. Then he asked the bartender to add gin to the Americano he had ordered. The drink also became popular and became known as Negroni.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":257,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.894056-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625},{"content":"<ref name=\"negroni\">{{en}} [http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml Negroni], ''Cocktail Times''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":257,"name":"negroni","url":"http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:27.280968-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemudian ia meminta bartender yang melayaninya untuk menambahkan gin pada minuman Americano yang dipesannya. Minuman tersebut pun menjadi populer dan dikenal sebagai Negroni. Negroni biasanya diminum sebelum makan malam sebagai aperitif atau pembangkit selera makan.","translated_text":"Then he asked the bartender to add gin to the Americano he had ordered. The drink also became popular and became known as Negroni. Negroni is usually drunk before dinner as an aperitif or appetizer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"negroni\">{{en}} [http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml Negroni], ''Cocktail Times''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":266,"name":"negroni","url":"http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:27.280968-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Minuman tersebut pun menjadi populer dan dikenal sebagai Negroni. Negroni biasanya diminum sebelum makan malam sebagai aperitif atau pembangkit selera makan. Koktail negroni ini disajikan dalam gelas pendek.","translated_text":"The drink also became popular and became known as Negroni. Negroni is usually drunk before dinner as an aperitif or appetizer. This Negroni cocktail is served in a short glass.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm Negroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035217/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm |date=2011-07-14 }}, ''About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":207,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/ngrni_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:26.894056-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625}]},{"text":"Negroni biasanya diminum sebelum makan malam sebagai aperitif atau pembangkit selera makan. Koktail negroni ini disajikan dalam gelas pendek. Kulit jeruk yang digunakan sebagai hiasan untuk negroni sering kali dibakar terlebih dahulu sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam minuman sehingga aroma dari jeruk tersebut terasa.","translated_text":"Negroni is usually drunk before dinner as an aperitif or appetizer. This Negroni cocktail is served in a short glass. Oranges used as ornaments for negroni are often burned first before being put into a drink so that the aroma of the oranges is felt.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"negroni\">{{en}} [http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml Negroni], ''Cocktail Times''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"negroni","url":"http://www.cocktailtimes.com/gin/negroni.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:27.280968-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Haley Scarnato","wikicode":"'''Haley Scarnato''' ({{lahirmati|[[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|15|7|1982}}) adalah seorang [[aktris]] dan [[penyanyi Amerika]].<ref name=\"Haley\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/haley-scarnato.aspx&ei=y4wUTOrfFI24rAfLhpCaCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CFoQ7gEwCg&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato Profil\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132214/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddytv.com%2Farticles%2Famerican-idol%2Fprofile%2Fhaley-scarnato.aspx&ei=y4wUTOrfFI24rAfLhpCaCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CFoQ7gEwCg&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu [[finalis]] [[American idol musim keenam]].<ref name=\"Haley\"/> Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya saat ia berusia 12 tahun.<ref name=\"Haley\"/> Sebelum memasuki ajang American idol, Haley telah berkerja sama dengan [[pelatih musik]] dan sempat dilatih untuk bekerja dalam industri musik.<ref name=\"Haley\"/> Ia merupakan perempuan pertama yang tersisih dari American idol musim keenam.<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Ia tersisih pada tanggal 11 [[April]] [[2007]], pada posisi delapan besar.<ref name=\"Scarnato\"/> Selain itu, Haley adalah seorang vokalis dari ''The Oh So Good! Band''.<ref name=\"Scarnato\"/> Setelah tersisih, Haley sempat bernyanyi [[lagu kebangsaan]] pada acara semifinal bola basket Wilayah Barat antara ''San Antonio Spurs dan Phoenix Suns''.<ref name=\"Haley\"/> Ia ingin pindah ke [[Nashville]] untuk mengejar [[karier]]nya menjadi [[bintang]] ''country music''.<ref name=\"Scarnato\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Scarnato, Haley}}\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]\n[[Kategori:American idol]]\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1982]]\n\n\n{{Amerika-Serikat-bio-stub}}","hash":"f2eff65c15ecc79787201376c8973e1f2ff33df41c288340731e1dc46a8d855c","last_revision":"2023-08-13T10:03:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:03:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.390829","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Haley Scarnato"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Haley Scarnato () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika.[ Haley Scarnato Profil\"] . Diakses 13 Juni 2010. Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam. Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya saat ia berusia 12 tahun. Sebelum memasuki ajang American idol, Haley telah berkerja sama dengan pelatih musik dan sempat dilatih untuk bekerja dalam industri musik. Ia merupakan perempuan pertama yang tersisih dari American idol musim keenam. Ia tersisih pada tanggal 11 April 2007, pada posisi delapan besar. Selain itu, Haley adalah seorang vokalis dari The Oh So Good! Band. Setelah tersisih, Haley sempat bernyanyi lagu kebangsaan pada acara semifinal bola basket Wilayah Barat antara San Antonio Spurs dan Phoenix Suns. Ia ingin pindah ke Nashville untuk mengejar kariernya menjadi bintang country music''.\n\nKategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol Kategori:Kelahiran 1982\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Haley Scarnato () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika.[","translated_text":"Haley Scarnato () is an American actress and singer.[","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Haley Scarnato Profil\"] .","translated_text":"Haley Scarnato's profile? \"","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132214/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddytv.com%2Farticles%2Famerican-idol%2Fprofile%2Fhaley-scarnato.aspx&ei=y4wUTOrfFI24rAfLhpCaCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CFoQ7gEwCg&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}","char_index":24,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132214/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddytv.com%2Farticles%2Famerican-idol%2Fprofile%2Fhaley-scarnato.aspx&ei=y4wUTOrfFI24rAfLhpCaCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CFoQ7gEwCg&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.128445-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diakses 13 Juni 2010.","translated_text":"Accessed 13 June 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"Her name became known after she managed to become one of the finalists of the sixth season of American Idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":96,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya saat ia berusia 12 tahun.","translated_text":"His talent for singing began to develop when he was 12 years old.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":65,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum memasuki ajang American idol, Haley telah berkerja sama dengan pelatih musik dan sempat dilatih untuk bekerja dalam industri musik.","translated_text":"Before joining American Idol, Haley had worked with a music trainer and was trained to work in the music industry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":139,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan perempuan pertama yang tersisih dari American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"She was the first woman to be eliminated from the sixth season of American Idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tersisih pada tanggal 11 April 2007, pada posisi delapan besar.","translated_text":"She was eliminated on April 11, 2007, in the top eight.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, Haley adalah seorang vokalis dari The Oh So Good!","translated_text":"In addition, Haley is a vocalist for The Oh So Good!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Band.","translated_text":"The band.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":5,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tersisih, Haley sempat bernyanyi lagu kebangsaan pada acara semifinal bola basket Wilayah Barat antara San Antonio Spurs dan Phoenix Suns.","translated_text":"Following her departure, Haley sang the national anthem at the Western Region basketball semifinal between the San Antonio Spurs and Phoenix Suns.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":146,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia ingin pindah ke Nashville untuk mengejar kariernya menjadi bintang country music''.","translated_text":"He wants to move to Nashville to pursue a career as a country music star.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol Kategori:Kelahiran 1982","translated_text":"Category:Singers Category:American idol Category:Born in 1982","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Haley Scarnato () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika.[ Haley Scarnato Profil\"] .","translated_text":"Haley Scarnato () is an American actress and singer.[ Haley Scarnato's profile? \"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132214/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddytv.com%2Farticles%2Famerican-idol%2Fprofile%2Fhaley-scarnato.aspx&ei=y4wUTOrfFI24rAfLhpCaCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CFoQ7gEwCg&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}","char_index":87,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132214/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddytv.com%2Farticles%2Famerican-idol%2Fprofile%2Fhaley-scarnato.aspx&ei=y4wUTOrfFI24rAfLhpCaCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CFoQ7gEwCg&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.128445-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Haley Scarnato Profil\"] . Diakses 13 Juni 2010. Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"Haley Scarnato's profile? \" Accessed 13 June 2010. Her name became known after she managed to become one of the finalists of the sixth season of American Idol.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":144,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Diakses 13 Juni 2010. Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam. Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya saat ia berusia 12 tahun.","translated_text":"Accessed 13 June 2010. Her name became known after she managed to become one of the finalists of the sixth season of American Idol. His talent for singing began to develop when he was 12 years old.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":184,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam. Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya saat ia berusia 12 tahun. Sebelum memasuki ajang American idol, Haley telah berkerja sama dengan pelatih musik dan sempat dilatih untuk bekerja dalam industri musik.","translated_text":"Her name became known after she managed to become one of the finalists of the sixth season of American Idol. His talent for singing began to develop when he was 12 years old. Before joining American Idol, Haley had worked with a music trainer and was trained to work in the music industry.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":302,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bakat menyanyinya mulai dikembangkannya saat ia berusia 12 tahun. Sebelum memasuki ajang American idol, Haley telah berkerja sama dengan pelatih musik dan sempat dilatih untuk bekerja dalam industri musik. Ia merupakan perempuan pertama yang tersisih dari American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"His talent for singing began to develop when he was 12 years old. Before joining American Idol, Haley had worked with a music trainer and was trained to work in the music industry. She was the first woman to be eliminated from the sixth season of American Idol.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":283,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":283,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum memasuki ajang American idol, Haley telah berkerja sama dengan pelatih musik dan sempat dilatih untuk bekerja dalam industri musik. Ia merupakan perempuan pertama yang tersisih dari American idol musim keenam. Ia tersisih pada tanggal 11 April 2007, pada posisi delapan besar.","translated_text":"Before joining American Idol, Haley had worked with a music trainer and was trained to work in the music industry. She was the first woman to be eliminated from the sixth season of American Idol. She was eliminated on April 11, 2007, in the top eight.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":284,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia tersisih pada tanggal 11 April 2007, pada posisi delapan besar. Selain itu, Haley adalah seorang vokalis dari The Oh So Good! Band.","translated_text":"She was eliminated on April 11, 2007, in the top eight. In addition, Haley is a vocalist for The Oh So Good! The band.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain itu, Haley adalah seorang vokalis dari The Oh So Good! Band. Setelah tersisih, Haley sempat bernyanyi lagu kebangsaan pada acara semifinal bola basket Wilayah Barat antara San Antonio Spurs dan Phoenix Suns.","translated_text":"In addition, Haley is a vocalist for The Oh So Good! The band. Following her departure, Haley sang the national anthem at the Western Region basketball semifinal between the San Antonio Spurs and Phoenix Suns.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Haley\"/>","char_index":214,"name":"Haley","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Band. Setelah tersisih, Haley sempat bernyanyi lagu kebangsaan pada acara semifinal bola basket Wilayah Barat antara San Antonio Spurs dan Phoenix Suns. Ia ingin pindah ke Nashville untuk mengejar kariernya menjadi bintang country music''.","translated_text":"The band. Following her departure, Haley sang the national anthem at the Western Region basketball semifinal between the San Antonio Spurs and Phoenix Suns. He wants to move to Nashville to pursue a career as a country music star.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Scarnato\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Haley Scarnato''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125938/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahalo.com%2Fhaley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":239,"name":"Scarnato","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/haley-scarnato&ei=4YwUTPrTNcmyrAf6hICHCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHaley%2BScarnato%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2487,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.197582-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"{{penghubung|Si Buta dari Gua Hantu}}\n== Komik ==\n* [[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]] - nama tokoh dan juga judul serial [[komik]] karya [[Ganes TH.]]\n== Judul film ==\n* ''[[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (film 1970)|Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]]'' - film aksi laga tahun 1970\n* ''Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Duel di Kawah Bromo'' - film aksi laga tahun 1977\n* ''[[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Sorga yang Hilang]]'' - film aksi laga tahun 1977\n* ''[[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Neraka Perut Bumi]]'' - film aksi laga tahun 1985\n* ''[[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Lembah Tengkorak]]'' - film aksi laga tahun 1990\n* ''[[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (film mendatang)|Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]]'' - film aksi laga tahun mendatang\n{{disambig karya}}","hash":"51fb090c660b6b7460a3ad1d93215ea85e3c910aa5ba2a809db965f3cfa49dbc","last_revision":"2022-03-01T18:50:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:04:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.457764","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Si Buta dari Gua Hantu - nama tokoh dan juga judul serial komik karya Ganes TH.\n\nSi Buta dari Gua Hantu - film aksi laga tahun 1970 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Duel di Kawah Bromo - film aksi laga tahun 1977 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Sorga yang Hilang - film aksi laga tahun 1977 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Neraka Perut Bumi - film aksi laga tahun 1985 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Lembah Tengkorak - film aksi laga tahun 1990 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu - film aksi laga tahun mendatang\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Komik","translated_text":"The comic.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Si Buta dari Gua Hantu - nama tokoh dan juga judul serial komik karya Ganes TH.","translated_text":"The Blind Man of the Ghost Cave - the name of a character and also the title of a comic series by Ganes TH.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Judul film","translated_text":"Title of the film","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Si Buta dari Gua Hantu - film aksi laga tahun 1970 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Duel di Kawah Bromo - film aksi laga tahun 1977 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Sorga yang Hilang - film aksi laga tahun 1977 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Neraka Perut Bumi - film aksi laga tahun 1985 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Lembah Tengkorak - film aksi laga tahun 1990 Si Buta dari Gua Hantu - film aksi laga tahun mendatang","translated_text":"The Blind from the Ghost Cave - 1970 action film The Blind from the Ghost Cave: Duel in the Bromo Crater - 1977 action film The Blind from the Ghost Cave: The Lost Heaven - 1977 action film The Blind from the Ghost Cave: Hell Belly Earth - 1985 action film The Blind from the Ghost Cave: The Skull Valley - 1990 action film The Blind from the Ghost Cave - action film next year","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (film 1970)","wikicode":"{{kegunaanlain|Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (disambiguasi)}}\n{{Infobox Film\n| image          = \n| size           = \n| caption        = \n| director       = [[Lilik Sudjio]]\n| producer       = Sugiri\n| eproducer      = \n| aproducer      = \n| writer         = [[Ganes TH]]\n| starring       = [[Ratno Timoer]]<br />[[Maruli Sitompul]]<br />[[Sri Rejeki]]<br />[[Kusno Sudjarwadi]]<br />[[Alam Surawidjaja]]<br />[[Husin Lubis]]<br />[[Lahardo]]<br />[[Moh Mochtar]]<br />[[Tien Samatha]]\n| music          = Idris Sardi\n| cinematography = Sjamsuddin Jusuf\n| editing        = \n| distributor    = \n| released       = 1970\n| runtime        = 128 menit\n| country        = [[Indonesia]]\n| awards         = \n| movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| budget         = \n| gross          = \n| preceded_by    = \n| followed_by    = \n| amg_id         = \n| imdb_id        = \n}}\n'''''Si Buta Dari Gua Hantu''''' adalah film [[Indonesia]] tahun 1970 dengan disutradarai oleh [[Lilik Sudjio]] dan dibintangi oleh [[Ratno Timoer]] dan [[Maruli Sitompul]].\n== Sinopsis ==\n\nSebuah desa kecil yang aman dikacaukan oleh orang buta bernama Mata Malaikat (Maruli Sitompul). Pakti Sakti (Alam Surawidjaya), ayah Barda Mandrawata (Ratno Timoer), yang tersohor dalam dunia persilatan, mati di tangan Mata Malaikat. Barda menuntut balas, setelah berbagai usaha meningkatkan ilmunya. Setelah dendam terbalas, ternyata soal belum selesai, karena Sapu Jagat (Kusno Sudjarwadi) masih menghadang. Sapu Jagat tidak dibunuh meski sudah menyerah, dan Marni (Sri Rejeki) sudah jadi istri Barda. Barda kembali mengembara. Salah satu film laga silat yang banyak dipuji.<ref>[http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M679 Laman Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 10 Maret 2010</ref>\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{id}} [http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M679 Resensi@Perfilmanjibis.pnri]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n\n[[Kategori:Film laga]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1970]]\n[[Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia]]\n\n\n{{film-indo-stub}}","hash":"bb83e48664785e7b903511f6c6ba58e9665ebb0126df3b2fdda465736c6cf901","last_revision":"2023-09-04T23:32:54Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:05:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.510702","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Si Buta Dari Gua Hantu adalah film Indonesia tahun 1970 dengan disutradarai oleh Lilik Sudjio dan dibintangi oleh Ratno Timoer dan Maruli Sitompul.\n\nSebuah desa kecil yang aman dikacaukan oleh orang buta bernama Mata Malaikat (Maruli Sitompul). Pakti Sakti (Alam Surawidjaya), ayah Barda Mandrawata (Ratno Timoer), yang tersohor dalam dunia persilatan, mati di tangan Mata Malaikat. Barda menuntut balas, setelah berbagai usaha meningkatkan ilmunya. Setelah dendam terbalas, ternyata soal belum selesai, karena Sapu Jagat (Kusno Sudjarwadi) masih menghadang. Sapu Jagat tidak dibunuh meski sudah menyerah, dan Marni (Sri Rejeki) sudah jadi istri Barda. Barda kembali mengembara. Salah satu film laga silat yang banyak dipuji.\n\nResensi@Perfilmanjibis.pnri\n\nKategori:Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1970 Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Film\n| image          = \n| size           = \n| caption        = \n| director       = [[Lilik Sudjio]]\n| producer       = Sugiri\n| eproducer      = \n| aproducer      = \n| writer         = [[Ganes TH]]\n| starring       = [[Ratno Timoer]]<br />[[Maruli Sitompul]]<br />[[Sri Rejeki]]<br />[[Kusno Sudjarwadi]]<br />[[Alam Surawidjaja]]<br />[[Husin Lubis]]<br />[[Lahardo]]<br />[[Moh Mochtar]]<br />[[Tien Samatha]]\n| music          = Idris Sardi\n| cinematography = Sjamsuddin Jusuf\n| editing        = \n| distributor    = \n| released       = 1970\n| runtime        = 128 menit\n| country        = [[Indonesia]]\n| awards         = \n| movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| budget         = \n| gross          = \n| preceded_by    = \n| followed_by    = \n| amg_id         = \n| imdb_id        = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Si Buta Dari Gua Hantu adalah film Indonesia tahun 1970 dengan disutradarai oleh Lilik Sudjio dan dibintangi oleh Ratno Timoer dan Maruli Sitompul.","translated_text":"Si Buta Dari Gua Hantu is a 1970 Indonesian film directed by Lilik Sudjio and starring Ratno Timoer and Maruli Sitompul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebuah desa kecil yang aman dikacaukan oleh orang buta bernama Mata Malaikat (Maruli Sitompul).","translated_text":"A small safe village is confused by a blind man named Angel's Eye (Maruli Sitompul).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pakti Sakti (Alam Surawidjaya), ayah Barda Mandrawata (Ratno Timoer), yang tersohor dalam dunia persilatan, mati di tangan Mata Malaikat.","translated_text":"Pakti Sakti (Alam Surawidjaya), father of Barda Mandrawata (Ratno Timoer), famous in the paranormal world, died at the hands of the Angel Eye.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Barda menuntut balas, setelah berbagai usaha meningkatkan ilmunya.","translated_text":"Barda demanded retaliation, after various attempts to improve his knowledge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah dendam terbalas, ternyata soal belum selesai, karena Sapu Jagat (Kusno Sudjarwadi) masih menghadang.","translated_text":"After revenge, it turns out that the matter is not over, because Sapu Jagat (Kusno Sudjarwadi) is still waiting.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sapu Jagat tidak dibunuh meski sudah menyerah, dan Marni (Sri Rejeki) sudah jadi istri Barda.","translated_text":"Sapu Jagat was not killed even after surrendering, and Marni (Sri Rejeki) had become Barda's wife.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Barda kembali mengembara.","translated_text":"Barda's back on the road.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu film laga silat yang banyak dipuji.","translated_text":"One of the most critically acclaimed action films ever made.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M679 Laman Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 10 Maret 2010</ref>","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M679","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.492954-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Resensi@Perfilmanjibis.pnri","translated_text":"I'm sorry, but I'm not here to tell you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1970 Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian films in 1970 Category:Films based on Indonesian comics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Sapu Jagat tidak dibunuh meski sudah menyerah, dan Marni (Sri Rejeki) sudah jadi istri Barda. Barda kembali mengembara. Salah satu film laga silat yang banyak dipuji.","translated_text":"Sapu Jagat was not killed even after surrendering, and Marni (Sri Rejeki) had become Barda's wife. Barda's back on the road. One of the most critically acclaimed action films ever made.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M679 Laman Si Buta dari Gua Hantu]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 10 Maret 2010</ref>","char_index":166,"name":null,"url":"http://perfilman.pnri.go.id/filmografi.php?1=1&a=view&recid=FILM-M679","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.492954-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Si Buta dari Gua Hantu (film 1985)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Neraka Perut Bumi]]","hash":"00443ed01530a4804d23355c2734fb9dfdc5a973f08fc892a6b4acd1c6bbb252","last_revision":"2022-01-30T02:27:38Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:05:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.566744","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Neraka Perut Bumi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Si Buta dari Gua Hantu: Neraka Perut Bumi","translated_text":"The Blind Man from the Ghost Cave: Earth's Belly Hell","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Qad El Horoof","wikicode":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Qad El Horoof<br />قد الحروف\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = [[2003]]\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = ''[[Yakhy Esaal]]''<br />''(2002)''\n| This album  = ''Qad El Horoof''<br />''(2003)''\n| Next album  = ''[[Awqaat]]''<br />''(2004)''\n}}\n\n'''''Qad El Horoof''''' ({{Lang-ar|قد الحروف}}) adalah [[album]] penyanyi asal [[Syria]], [[Assala Nasri]].\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n# Tassawwar (Imagine).\n# Maly\n# Damerak Sehy.\n# Senin (Years).\n# Ataz Bek (I am proud of you).\n# Ashet Al Assami.\n# Ayez Al Haq (Do you want the truth?).\n# Hally Al Tabeq Mastoor.\n# Lween Omry.\n# Qad El Horoof (As much as the number of letters).\n\n== Single ==\n* Tasswar.\n* Senin.\n* Ataz Bek.\n\n[[Kategori:Album tahun 2003]]\n[[Kategori:Album Assala Nasri]]\n\n\n{{album-stub}}","hash":"d9ab7cc6671055447ca2e309393cb1339e990bf7161b015ca347fa60c42905ab","last_revision":"2023-02-24T09:11:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:10:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.626283","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قد الحروف (ألبوم)","en":"Qad El Horoof"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Qad El Horoof () adalah album penyanyi asal Syria, Assala Nasri.\n\nTassawwar (Imagine). Maly Damerak Sehy. Senin (Years). Ataz Bek (I am proud of you). Ashet Al Assami. Ayez Al Haq (Do you want the truth?). Hally Al Tabeq Mastoor. Lween Omry. Qad El Horoof (As much as the number of letters).\n\nTasswar. Senin. Ataz Bek.\n\nKategori:Album tahun 2003 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Qad El Horoof<br />قد الحروف\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = [[2003]]\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = ''[[Yakhy Esaal]]''<br />''(2002)''\n| This album  = ''Qad El Horoof''<br />''(2003)''\n| Next album  = ''[[Awqaat]]''<br />''(2004)''\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Qad El Horoof () adalah album penyanyi asal Syria, Assala Nasri.","translated_text":"Qad El Horoof () is an album by Syrian singer Assala Nasri.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tassawwar (Imagine).","translated_text":"Tassawwar (Imagine).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maly Damerak Sehy.","translated_text":"Maly Damerak is healthy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senin (Years).","translated_text":"Monday (Years).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ataz Bek (I am proud of you).","translated_text":"Ataz Bek (I am proud of you).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ashet Al Assami.","translated_text":"Ashet Al Assami is here.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayez Al Haq (Do you want the truth?).","translated_text":"Ayez Al Haq (Do you want the truth?).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hally Al Tabeq Mastoor.","translated_text":"Hally Al Tabeq Mastoor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lween Omry.","translated_text":"Lween Omry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Qad El Horoof (As much as the number of letters).","translated_text":"Qad El Horoof (As much as the number of letters).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Single","translated_text":"Single","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tasswar.","translated_text":"The Tasswar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senin.","translated_text":"Monday.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ataz Bek.","translated_text":"This is Ataz Bek.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Album tahun 2003 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri","translated_text":"Category:Album of the year 2003 Category:Album by Assala Nasri","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Virus varicella-zoster","wikicode":"{{infobox spesies}}\n\n'''Virus ''varicella-zoster''''' adalah [[virus]] penyebab [[cacar air]] dan cacar ular ([[herpes zoster]]).<ref name=\"a\"/> Inang dari virus ini hanya terbatas pada [[manusia]] dan [[primata]] (simian). Struktur partikel virus (virion) varicella-zoster berukuran 120-300 nm.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Manfred H. Wolff, Stefan Schünemann, Axel Schmidt|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Varicella-Zoster virus: molecular biology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects|year= 1999|publisher= S. Karger AG|location=|id= ISBN 978-3-8055-6884-5}}Page.1-3</ref> [[Genom]] virus ini berukuran 125 kb (kilo-basa) dan mengandung sedikitnya 69 daerah yang mengkodekan [[gen]]-[[gen]] tertentu.<ref name=\"a\"/> [[Virion]] terdiri dari [[glikoprotein]], [[kapsid]], [[amplop]] (selubung) virus, dan [[nukleokapsid]] yang melindungi bagian inti berisi [[DNA]] [[genom]] utas ganda.<ref name=\"a\"/> Bagian nukleokapsid berbentuk ikosahedral, ber[[diameter]] 100-110 nm, dan terdiri dari 162 [[protein]] yang disebut [[kapsomer]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Virus ini akan mengalami inaktivasi pada suhu 56-60&nbsp;°C dan menjadi tidak berbahaya apabila bagian amplop (selubung) dari virus ini rusak.<ref name=\"a\"/> Penyebaran virus ini dapat terjadi melalui [[pernapasan]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Virus-stub}}\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q6868}}\n\n[[Kategori:Varicellovirus]]\n[[Kategori:Spesies virus]]","hash":"d5e708aa73e219d3f1fc1d1af353661b0728a885806a232e825fda64f163d92e","last_revision":"2022-10-27T05:07:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:11:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.690873","cross_lingual_links":{"ace":"Varicella Zoster","ar":"فيروس جدري الماء النطاقي","ary":"بوشويكة-زونا","arz":"فيروس جدرى الماء النطاقى","ca":"Virus de la varicel·la zòster","ckb":"ڤایروسی ڤاریسێللا زۆستێر","cs":"Varicella zoster virus","de":"Varizella-Zoster-Virus","en":"Varicella zoster virus","es":"Virus varicela-zóster","eu":"Barizela-zoster birus","fa":"ویروس واریسلا زوستر","fi":"Varicella-zostervirus","fr":"Virus varicelle-zona","gl":"Virus varicela-zóster","hi":"वेरीसेल्ला जोस्टर वायरस","hy":"Ջրծաղկի վիրուս","it":"Herpesvirus umano 3","ja":"水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルス","ko":"수두대상포진바이러스","ml":"വരിസെല്ല സോസ്റ്റർ","ms":"Virus varicella zoster","nl":"Varicellazostervirus","nb":"Varicella zoster-virus","pl":"Wirus ospy wietrznej i półpaśca","pt":"Vírus varicela-zoster","ru":"Вирус ветряной оспы","sl":"Virus noric","sr":"Варичела зостер вирус","sv":"Varicella-zostervirus","th":"ไวรัสวาริเซลลาซอสเตอร์","tr":"Varisella zoster virüs","vi":"Virus varicella zoster","zh":"水痘带状疱疹病毒"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Virus varicella-zoster adalah virus penyebab cacar air dan cacar ular (herpes zoster). Inang dari virus ini hanya terbatas pada manusia dan primata (simian). Struktur partikel virus (virion) varicella-zoster berukuran 120-300 nm. Genom virus ini berukuran 125 kb (kilo-basa) dan mengandung sedikitnya 69 daerah yang mengkodekan gen-gen tertentu. Virion terdiri dari glikoprotein, kapsid, amplop (selubung) virus, dan nukleokapsid yang melindungi bagian inti berisi DNA genom utas ganda. Bagian nukleokapsid berbentuk ikosahedral, berdiameter 100-110 nm, dan terdiri dari 162 protein yang disebut kapsomer. Virus ini akan mengalami inaktivasi pada suhu 56-60 °C dan menjadi tidak berbahaya apabila bagian amplop (selubung) dari virus ini rusak. Penyebaran virus ini dapat terjadi melalui pernapasan.\n\nKategori:Varicellovirus Kategori:Spesies virus\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox spesies}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Virus varicella-zoster adalah virus penyebab cacar air dan cacar ular (herpes zoster).","translated_text":"Varicella-zoster virus is a virus that causes smallpox and snakebite (herpes zoster).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Inang dari virus ini hanya terbatas pada manusia dan primata (simian).","translated_text":"The mother of this virus is limited to humans and primates.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Struktur partikel virus (virion) varicella-zoster berukuran 120-300 nm.","translated_text":"The varicella-zoster viral particle (virion) structure is 120-300 nm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Manfred H. Wolff, Stefan Schünemann, Axel Schmidt|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Varicella-Zoster virus: molecular biology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects|year= 1999|publisher= S. Karger AG|location=|id= ISBN 978-3-8055-6884-5}}Page.1-3</ref>","char_index":71,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Genom virus ini berukuran 125 kb (kilo-basa) dan mengandung sedikitnya 69 daerah yang mengkodekan gen-gen tertentu.","translated_text":"The genome of the virus is 125 kb (kilobase) in size and contains at least 69 areas that encode specific genes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virion terdiri dari glikoprotein, kapsid, amplop (selubung) virus, dan nukleokapsid yang melindungi bagian inti berisi DNA genom utas ganda.","translated_text":"Virions are composed of glycoproteins, capsids, virus envelopes, and nucleocapsids that protect the nucleus containing the DNA of the double-stranded genome.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":140,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian nukleokapsid berbentuk ikosahedral, berdiameter 100-110 nm, dan terdiri dari 162 protein yang disebut kapsomer.","translated_text":"The nucleocapsid portion is isosahedral, 100-110 nm in diameter, and consists of 162 proteins called capsomers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Manfred H. Wolff, Stefan Schünemann, Axel Schmidt|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Varicella-Zoster virus: molecular biology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects|year= 1999|publisher= S. Karger AG|location=|id= ISBN 978-3-8055-6884-5}}Page.1-3</ref>","char_index":118,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virus ini akan mengalami inaktivasi pada suhu 56-60 °C dan menjadi tidak berbahaya apabila bagian amplop (selubung) dari virus ini rusak.","translated_text":"The virus will inactivate at 56-60 °C and become harmless if part of the envelope of the virus is damaged.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyebaran virus ini dapat terjadi melalui pernapasan.","translated_text":"The spread of the virus can occur through respiration.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":54,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":54,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Varicellovirus Kategori:Spesies virus","translated_text":":Varicellovirus Category:Species of the virus","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Virus varicella-zoster adalah virus penyebab cacar air dan cacar ular (herpes zoster).","translated_text":"Varicella-zoster virus is a virus that causes smallpox and snakebite (herpes zoster).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus varicella-zoster adalah virus penyebab cacar air dan cacar ular (herpes zoster). Inang dari virus ini hanya terbatas pada manusia dan primata (simian). Struktur partikel virus (virion) varicella-zoster berukuran 120-300 nm.","translated_text":"Varicella-zoster virus is a virus that causes smallpox and snakebite (herpes zoster). The mother of this virus is limited to humans and primates. The varicella-zoster viral particle (virion) structure is 120-300 nm.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Manfred H. Wolff, Stefan Schünemann, Axel Schmidt|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Varicella-Zoster virus: molecular biology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects|year= 1999|publisher= S. Karger AG|location=|id= ISBN 978-3-8055-6884-5}}Page.1-3</ref>","char_index":229,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Inang dari virus ini hanya terbatas pada manusia dan primata (simian). Struktur partikel virus (virion) varicella-zoster berukuran 120-300 nm. Genom virus ini berukuran 125 kb (kilo-basa) dan mengandung sedikitnya 69 daerah yang mengkodekan gen-gen tertentu.","translated_text":"The mother of this virus is limited to humans and primates. The varicella-zoster viral particle (virion) structure is 120-300 nm. The genome of the virus is 125 kb (kilobase) in size and contains at least 69 areas that encode specific genes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":258,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Struktur partikel virus (virion) varicella-zoster berukuran 120-300 nm. Genom virus ini berukuran 125 kb (kilo-basa) dan mengandung sedikitnya 69 daerah yang mengkodekan gen-gen tertentu. Virion terdiri dari glikoprotein, kapsid, amplop (selubung) virus, dan nukleokapsid yang melindungi bagian inti berisi DNA genom utas ganda.","translated_text":"The varicella-zoster viral particle (virion) structure is 120-300 nm. The genome of the virus is 125 kb (kilobase) in size and contains at least 69 areas that encode specific genes. Virions are composed of glycoproteins, capsids, virus envelopes, and nucleocapsids that protect the nucleus containing the DNA of the double-stranded genome.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":328,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Genom virus ini berukuran 125 kb (kilo-basa) dan mengandung sedikitnya 69 daerah yang mengkodekan gen-gen tertentu. Virion terdiri dari glikoprotein, kapsid, amplop (selubung) virus, dan nukleokapsid yang melindungi bagian inti berisi DNA genom utas ganda. Bagian nukleokapsid berbentuk ikosahedral, berdiameter 100-110 nm, dan terdiri dari 162 protein yang disebut kapsomer.","translated_text":"The genome of the virus is 125 kb (kilobase) in size and contains at least 69 areas that encode specific genes. Virions are composed of glycoproteins, capsids, virus envelopes, and nucleocapsids that protect the nucleus containing the DNA of the double-stranded genome. The nucleocapsid portion is isosahedral, 100-110 nm in diameter, and consists of 162 proteins called capsomers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Manfred H. Wolff, Stefan Schünemann, Axel Schmidt|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Varicella-Zoster virus: molecular biology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects|year= 1999|publisher= S. Karger AG|location=|id= ISBN 978-3-8055-6884-5}}Page.1-3</ref>","char_index":375,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virion terdiri dari glikoprotein, kapsid, amplop (selubung) virus, dan nukleokapsid yang melindungi bagian inti berisi DNA genom utas ganda. Bagian nukleokapsid berbentuk ikosahedral, berdiameter 100-110 nm, dan terdiri dari 162 protein yang disebut kapsomer. Virus ini akan mengalami inaktivasi pada suhu 56-60 °C dan menjadi tidak berbahaya apabila bagian amplop (selubung) dari virus ini rusak.","translated_text":"Virions are composed of glycoproteins, capsids, virus envelopes, and nucleocapsids that protect the nucleus containing the DNA of the double-stranded genome. The nucleocapsid portion is isosahedral, 100-110 nm in diameter, and consists of 162 proteins called capsomers. The virus will inactivate at 56-60 °C and become harmless if part of the envelope of the virus is damaged.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":397,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bagian nukleokapsid berbentuk ikosahedral, berdiameter 100-110 nm, dan terdiri dari 162 protein yang disebut kapsomer. Virus ini akan mengalami inaktivasi pada suhu 56-60 °C dan menjadi tidak berbahaya apabila bagian amplop (selubung) dari virus ini rusak. Penyebaran virus ini dapat terjadi melalui pernapasan.","translated_text":"The nucleocapsid portion is isosahedral, 100-110 nm in diameter, and consists of 162 proteins called capsomers. The virus will inactivate at 56-60 °C and become harmless if part of the envelope of the virus is damaged. The spread of the virus can occur through respiration.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":311,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite journal| author=Ann M. Arvin| year=1996| month=Juli| title=Varicella-Zoster Virus| journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews| volume=9| issue=3| pages=361–381| doi=| id=| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| format=| accessdate=13 Juni 2010| archive-date=2008-06-25| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625213222/http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf| dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":311,"name":"a","url":"http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/9/3/361.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8495,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.515666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Asetilxilan esterase","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=April 2012}}\n[[Berkas:Aspergillus niger 01.jpg|jmpl|200px|''[[Aspergillus niger]]'', salah satu jenis mikroorganisme penghasil asetilxilan esterase.]]\n'''Asetilxilan esterase''' (E.C 3.1.1.72), atau yang umum dikenal dengan istilah AcXE, adalah [[enzim]] yang mampu mengkatalis proses hidrolisis gugus [[asetil]] pada senyawa [[glukuronoxilan]] (O-asetil-4-O-metilglukuronoxilan).<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Senyawa ini merupakan komponen utama dalam [[hemiselulosa]] pada [[tanaman]] berkayu yang tersusun atas ikatan beta-1,4 D-xilopiranosidase.<ref name=book1/>\n\nEnzim ini termasuk ke dalam 7 golongan enzim [[ester]]ase [[karbohidrat]].<ref name=book1/> Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang sangat tinggi dari enzim-enzim di kelas ini.<ref name=book1/> Asetil xilan esterase dapat diperoleh dari ''[[Aspergillus niger]]'', ''[[Aspergillus oryzae]]'',<ref>Koseki T, Miwa Y, Akao T, Akita O, Hashizume K. 2005. An Aspergillus oryzae acetyl xylan esterase: Molecular cloning and characteristics of recombinant enzyme expressed in ''Pichia pastoris''. ''J Biotechnol''.</ref> dan ''[[Penicillium purpurogenum]]''.<ref>Egaña L, Gutiérrez R, Caputo V, Peirano A, Steiner J, Eyzaguirre J. 1996. Purification and characterization of two acetyl xylan esterases from Penicillium pupurogenum. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 24:33–39.</ref> Enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam bidang [[farmasi]] karena memiliki aktivitas dalam melawan senyawa cepalosporin-C, terutama asetilxilan esterase yang termasuk ke dalam kelas 7.<ref name=book1/> Aplikasi dari enzim ini dilakukan dalam [[antibiotik]] semi-sintetik.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"a5bc6c4f495cf5747dff87e4d306ded81e4d02b396fee74fc9ca350646f83339","last_revision":"2021-06-23T07:14:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:15:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.748633","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Acetylxylan esterase","ja":"アセチルキシランエステラーゼ","sh":"Acetilksilanska estaraza","sr":"Acetilksilanska estaraza"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Asetilxilan esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), atau yang umum dikenal dengan istilah AcXE, adalah enzim yang mampu mengkatalis proses hidrolisis gugus asetil pada senyawa glukuronoxilan (O-asetil-4-O-metilglukuronoxilan). Senyawa ini merupakan komponen utama dalam hemiselulosa pada tanaman berkayu yang tersusun atas ikatan beta-1,4 D-xilopiranosidase.\n\nEnzim ini termasuk ke dalam 7 golongan enzim esterase karbohidrat. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang sangat tinggi dari enzim-enzim di kelas ini. Asetil xilan esterase dapat diperoleh dari Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, dan Penicillium purpurogenum. Enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam bidang farmasi karena memiliki aktivitas dalam melawan senyawa cepalosporin-C, terutama asetilxilan esterase yang termasuk ke dalam kelas 7. Aplikasi dari enzim ini dilakukan dalam antibiotik semi-sintetik.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asetilxilan esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), atau yang umum dikenal dengan istilah AcXE, adalah enzim yang mampu mengkatalis proses hidrolisis gugus asetil pada senyawa glukuronoxilan (O-asetil-4-O-metilglukuronoxilan).","translated_text":"Acetylxyl esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), or as it is commonly known by the term AcXE, is an enzyme capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis process of an acetyl group to a glucuronoxyl compound (O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxyl).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa ini merupakan komponen utama dalam hemiselulosa pada tanaman berkayu yang tersusun atas ikatan beta-1,4 D-xilopiranosidase.","translated_text":"This compound is a major component in the hemicellulose in juvenile plants composed of beta-1,4 D-xilopiranosidase bonds.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam 7 golongan enzim esterase karbohidrat.","translated_text":"This enzyme belongs to the 7th group of carbohydrate esterase enzymes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang sangat tinggi dari enzim-enzim di kelas ini.","translated_text":"This suggests a very high diversity of enzymes in this class.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asetil xilan esterase dapat diperoleh dari Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, dan Penicillium purpurogenum.","translated_text":"Acetyl xylan esterase can be obtained from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Penicillium purpurogenum.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Koseki T, Miwa Y, Akao T, Akita O, Hashizume K. 2005. An Aspergillus oryzae acetyl xylan esterase: Molecular cloning and characteristics of recombinant enzyme expressed in ''Pichia pastoris''. ''J Biotechnol''.</ref>","char_index":81,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Egaña L, Gutiérrez R, Caputo V, Peirano A, Steiner J, Eyzaguirre J. 1996. Purification and characterization of two acetyl xylan esterases from Penicillium pupurogenum. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 24:33–39.</ref>","char_index":111,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam bidang farmasi karena memiliki aktivitas dalam melawan senyawa cepalosporin-C, terutama asetilxilan esterase yang termasuk ke dalam kelas 7. Aplikasi dari enzim ini dilakukan dalam antibiotik semi-sintetik.","translated_text":"The enzyme can be applied in pharmaceuticals because it has activity against cepalosporin-C compounds, especially acetylxyl esterase which belongs to class 7.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":176,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":242,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Asetilxilan esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), atau yang umum dikenal dengan istilah AcXE, adalah enzim yang mampu mengkatalis proses hidrolisis gugus asetil pada senyawa glukuronoxilan (O-asetil-4-O-metilglukuronoxilan).","translated_text":"Acetylxyl esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), or as it is commonly known by the term AcXE, is an enzyme capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis process of an acetyl group to a glucuronoxyl compound (O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxyl).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asetilxilan esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), atau yang umum dikenal dengan istilah AcXE, adalah enzim yang mampu mengkatalis proses hidrolisis gugus asetil pada senyawa glukuronoxilan (O-asetil-4-O-metilglukuronoxilan). Senyawa ini merupakan komponen utama dalam hemiselulosa pada tanaman berkayu yang tersusun atas ikatan beta-1,4 D-xilopiranosidase.","translated_text":"Acetylxyl esterase (E.C 3.1.1.72), or as it is commonly known by the term AcXE, is an enzyme capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis process of an acetyl group to a glucuronoxyl compound (O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxyl). This compound is a major component in the hemicellulose in juvenile plants composed of beta-1,4 D-xilopiranosidase bonds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":343,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam 7 golongan enzim esterase karbohidrat.","translated_text":"This enzyme belongs to the 7th group of carbohydrate esterase enzymes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam 7 golongan enzim esterase karbohidrat. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang sangat tinggi dari enzim-enzim di kelas ini.","translated_text":"This enzyme belongs to the 7th group of carbohydrate esterase enzymes. This suggests a very high diversity of enzymes in this class.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":153,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam 7 golongan enzim esterase karbohidrat. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang sangat tinggi dari enzim-enzim di kelas ini. Asetil xilan esterase dapat diperoleh dari Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, dan Penicillium purpurogenum.","translated_text":"This enzyme belongs to the 7th group of carbohydrate esterase enzymes. This suggests a very high diversity of enzymes in this class. Acetyl xylan esterase can be obtained from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Penicillium purpurogenum.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Koseki T, Miwa Y, Akao T, Akita O, Hashizume K. 2005. An Aspergillus oryzae acetyl xylan esterase: Molecular cloning and characteristics of recombinant enzyme expressed in ''Pichia pastoris''. ''J Biotechnol''.</ref>","char_index":235,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Egaña L, Gutiérrez R, Caputo V, Peirano A, Steiner J, Eyzaguirre J. 1996. Purification and characterization of two acetyl xylan esterases from Penicillium pupurogenum. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 24:33–39.</ref>","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hal ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang sangat tinggi dari enzim-enzim di kelas ini. Asetil xilan esterase dapat diperoleh dari Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, dan Penicillium purpurogenum. Enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam bidang farmasi karena memiliki aktivitas dalam melawan senyawa cepalosporin-C, terutama asetilxilan esterase yang termasuk ke dalam kelas 7. Aplikasi dari enzim ini dilakukan dalam antibiotik semi-sintetik.","translated_text":"This suggests a very high diversity of enzymes in this class. Acetyl xylan esterase can be obtained from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Penicillium purpurogenum. The enzyme can be applied in pharmaceuticals because it has activity against cepalosporin-C compounds, especially acetylxyl esterase which belongs to class 7.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":375,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 94. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":441,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Yakhy Esaal","wikicode":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Yakhy Esaal<br />يا خى اسأل\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = [[2002]]\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = ''[[Moshtaka]]''<br />''(2001)''\n| This album  = ''Yakhy Esaal''<br />''(2002)''\n| Next album  = ''[[Qad El Horoof]]''<br />''(2003)''\n}}\n\n'''''Yakhy Esaal''''' ({{Lang-ar|يا خى اسأل}}) adalah [[album]] penyanyi asal [[Syria]], [[Assala Nasri]].\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n# Leih El Ghoroor.\n# Samehna (Forgive me).\n# Regetek (I beg you).\n# Al Gheerah.\n# Yakhy Esaal (Oh you ask about me).\n# Khalas.\n# Esaal Alena (Ask about me).\n# Aslly Nafsi.\n\n== Single ==\n* Leih El Ghoroor.\n\n{{album-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Album tahun 2002]]\n[[Kategori:Album Assala Nasri]]","hash":"724192aaedfaf234c3326c424a3acd17a60e68788c7d3b02bd4e14d993548389","last_revision":"2021-12-03T04:07:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:19:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.804937","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"يا أخي اسأل (ألبوم)","en":"Yakhy Esaal"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Yakhy Esaal () adalah album penyanyi asal Syria, Assala Nasri.\n\nLeih El Ghoroor. Samehna (Forgive me). Regetek (I beg you). Al Gheerah. Yakhy Esaal (Oh you ask about me). Khalas. Esaal Alena (Ask about me). Aslly Nafsi.\n\nLeih El Ghoroor.\n\nKategori:Album tahun 2002 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Yakhy Esaal<br />يا خى اسأل\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = [[2002]]\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = ''[[Moshtaka]]''<br />''(2001)''\n| This album  = ''Yakhy Esaal''<br />''(2002)''\n| Next album  = ''[[Qad El Horoof]]''<br />''(2003)''\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yakhy Esaal () adalah album penyanyi asal Syria, Assala Nasri.","translated_text":"Yakhy Esaal () is an album by Syrian singer Assala Nasri.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leih El Ghoroor.","translated_text":"It's too late for El Ghoroor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Samehna (Forgive me).","translated_text":"I'm sorry about that.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Regetek (I beg you).","translated_text":"I beg you.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Al Gheerah.","translated_text":"Al Gheerah is here.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yakhy Esaal (Oh you ask about me).","translated_text":"Yakhy Esaal (Oh you ask about me).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Khalas.","translated_text":"You know what?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Esaal Alena (Ask about me).","translated_text":"Ask about me.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aslly Nafsi.","translated_text":"Originally Nafsi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Single","translated_text":"Single","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leih El Ghoroor.","translated_text":"It's too late for El Ghoroor.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Album tahun 2002 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri","translated_text":"Category:Album of the year 2002 Category:Album by Assala Nasri","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wala Tessaddeq","wikicode":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Wala Tessaddeq<br />و لا تصدق\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = 1993\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = \n| This album  = ''Wala Tessaddeq''<br />''(1993)''\n| Next album  = \n}}\n\n'''''Wala Tessaddeq''''' ({{Lang-ar|و لا تصدق}}) (Don't believe) adalah [[album]] penyanyi asal [[Syria]], [[Assala Nasri]]. Album ini dirilis tahun [[1993]]\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n# Wala Tessaddeq (Don't believe).\n# Zay Al Helm (Like a dream).\n# Mbahebbesh Had Ella Enta (I don't love anyone except you).\n# Mesh Maaqoola (Unbelievable).\n# Belossool Addek Enayya.\n# Ehna Bnesstannak Ala Nar.\n\n{{album-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Album tahun 1993]]\n[[Kategori:Album Assala Nasri]]","hash":"b084d03bff7b22d71d8d8af0a682ce16188f6384d6962194b3a2bc014a86d36b","last_revision":"2021-12-03T04:08:14Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:21:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.859294","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ولا تصدق (ألبوم)","en":"Wala Tessadda'"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Wala Tessaddeq () (Don't believe) adalah album penyanyi asal Syria, Assala Nasri. Album ini dirilis tahun 1993\n\nWala Tessaddeq (Don't believe). Zay Al Helm (Like a dream). Mbahebbesh Had Ella Enta (I don't love anyone except you). Mesh Maaqoola (Unbelievable). Belossool Addek Enayya. Ehna Bnesstannak Ala Nar.\n\nKategori:Album tahun 1993 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Wala Tessaddeq<br />و لا تصدق\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = 1993\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = \n| This album  = ''Wala Tessaddeq''<br />''(1993)''\n| Next album  = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wala Tessaddeq () (Don't believe) adalah album penyanyi asal Syria, Assala Nasri.","translated_text":"Wala Tessaddeq () (Don't believe) is an album by Syrian singer Assala Nasri.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Album ini dirilis tahun 1993","translated_text":"The album was released in 1993","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wala Tessaddeq (Don't believe).","translated_text":"It's not Tessaddeq.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Zay Al Helm (Like a dream).","translated_text":"Zay Al Helm (Like a dream)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mbahebbesh Had Ella Enta (I don't love anyone except you).","translated_text":"Mbahebbesh had Ella Enta (I don't love anyone but you).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mesh Maaqoola (Unbelievable).","translated_text":"Mesh Maaqoola (Unbelievable) is the name of the game.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Belossool Addek Enayya.","translated_text":"Belossool Addek Enayya is here.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ehna Bnesstannak Ala Nar.","translated_text":"I'm not going anywhere.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Album tahun 1993 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri","translated_text":"Category:Album of the year 1993 Category:Album by Assala Nasri","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Mint julep","wikicode":"{{Infobox drink/wd}}\n\n'''Mint julep''' adalah [[koktail]] yang dibuat dari [[daun]] [[mint]] yang dihancurkan bersama dengan [[gula]] atau air gula dan ditambahkan dengan [[wiski]] [[bourbon]] serta dihiasi dengan daun mint.<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Minuman ini merupakan adaptasi dari minuman yang berasal dari [[Jazirah Arab|Arab]] bernama ''julab''.<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Julab merupakan minuman yang terbuat dari daun bunga [[mawar]] dan air.<ref name=\"mahalo\"/> Ketika masuk ke [[Eropa]], daun bunga mawar digantikan dengan daun mint karena lebih mudah didapat.<ref name=\"mahalo\"/> Walaupun mint julep modern selalu menggunakan wiski bourbon tetapi mint julep ketika baru ditemukan dapat menggunakan [[minuman beralkohol]] lainnta.<ref name=\"mahalo\"/>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Koktail]]\n* [[Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Mint julep}}\n\n{{minuman-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Koktail]]","hash":"d2436752dfa2137d443488a1e863e4577142c944e6fe5f4bceb2dfe0f02dd07e","last_revision":"2023-04-28T20:29:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:22:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.919156","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Джулеп","de":"Mint Julep","en":"Mint julep","es":"Julepe de menta","et":"Julep","fr":"Mint julep","he":"מינט ג'ולפ","it":"Mint Julep","ja":"ミント・ジュレップ","ko":"민트 줄렙","la":"Iulapium e mentha","nl":"Mint julep","ru":"Мятный джулеп","sv":"Mint julep","th":"มินต์จูเลป","uk":"М'ятний джулеп","zh":"薄荷茱莉普"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Mint julep adalah koktail yang dibuat dari daun mint yang dihancurkan bersama dengan gula atau air gula dan ditambahkan dengan wiski bourbon serta dihiasi dengan daun mint. Minuman ini merupakan adaptasi dari minuman yang berasal dari Arab bernama julab. Julab merupakan minuman yang terbuat dari daun bunga mawar dan air. Ketika masuk ke Eropa, daun bunga mawar digantikan dengan daun mint karena lebih mudah didapat. Walaupun mint julep modern selalu menggunakan wiski bourbon tetapi mint julep ketika baru ditemukan dapat menggunakan minuman beralkohol lainnta.\n\nKoktail Minuman beralkohol\n\nKategori:Koktail\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox drink/wd}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mint julep adalah koktail yang dibuat dari daun mint yang dihancurkan bersama dengan gula atau air gula dan ditambahkan dengan wiski bourbon serta dihiasi dengan daun mint.","translated_text":"Mint julep is a cocktail made from mint leaves crushed together with sugar or sugar water and added with bourbon whiskey and decorated with mint leaves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":172,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315550,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.630403-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875},{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":172,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315550,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.630403-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875},{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":172,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315550,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.630403-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minuman ini merupakan adaptasi dari minuman yang berasal dari Arab bernama julab.","translated_text":"The drink is an adaptation of an Arabic drink called julab.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Julab merupakan minuman yang terbuat dari daun bunga mawar dan air.","translated_text":"Julab is a drink made from the leaves of roses and water.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika masuk ke Eropa, daun bunga mawar digantikan dengan daun mint karena lebih mudah didapat.","translated_text":"When they entered Europe, the rose leaves were replaced with mint leaves because they were easier to obtain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":95,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun mint julep modern selalu menggunakan wiski bourbon tetapi mint julep ketika baru ditemukan dapat menggunakan minuman beralkohol lainnta.","translated_text":"Although modern mint julep always uses bourbon whiskey but mint julep when newly discovered can use other alcoholic beverages.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":145,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Koktail Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Cocktails Alcoholic beverages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Koktail","translated_text":"Categories: Cocktails","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Mint julep adalah koktail yang dibuat dari daun mint yang dihancurkan bersama dengan gula atau air gula dan ditambahkan dengan wiski bourbon serta dihiasi dengan daun mint.","translated_text":"Mint julep is a cocktail made from mint leaves crushed together with sugar or sugar water and added with bourbon whiskey and decorated with mint leaves.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":172,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315550,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.630403-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875},{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":172,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315550,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.630403-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875},{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm Mint Julep] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082333/http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm |date=2011-08-07 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Mint Julep dikenal sebagai minuman tradisional pada [[Kentucky Derby]] yaitu perlombaan kuda yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali pada [[Sabtu]] pertama di bulan [[Mei]].<ref name=\"mint julep\">{{en}} [http://www.greatcocktails.co.uk/MintJulep.html Mint Julep], “Great Cocktails''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":172,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/atozcocktailrecipes/r/mnt_jlp_cktl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315550,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.630403-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875}]},{"text":"Mint julep adalah koktail yang dibuat dari daun mint yang dihancurkan bersama dengan gula atau air gula dan ditambahkan dengan wiski bourbon serta dihiasi dengan daun mint. Minuman ini merupakan adaptasi dari minuman yang berasal dari Arab bernama julab.","translated_text":"Mint julep is a cocktail made from mint leaves crushed together with sugar or sugar water and added with bourbon whiskey and decorated with mint leaves. The drink is an adaptation of an Arabic drink called julab.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":254,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mint julep adalah koktail yang dibuat dari daun mint yang dihancurkan bersama dengan gula atau air gula dan ditambahkan dengan wiski bourbon serta dihiasi dengan daun mint. Minuman ini merupakan adaptasi dari minuman yang berasal dari Arab bernama julab. Julab merupakan minuman yang terbuat dari daun bunga mawar dan air.","translated_text":"Mint julep is a cocktail made from mint leaves crushed together with sugar or sugar water and added with bourbon whiskey and decorated with mint leaves. The drink is an adaptation of an Arabic drink called julab. Julab is a drink made from the leaves of roses and water.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":322,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Minuman ini merupakan adaptasi dari minuman yang berasal dari Arab bernama julab. Julab merupakan minuman yang terbuat dari daun bunga mawar dan air. Ketika masuk ke Eropa, daun bunga mawar digantikan dengan daun mint karena lebih mudah didapat.","translated_text":"The drink is an adaptation of an Arabic drink called julab. Julab is a drink made from the leaves of roses and water. When they entered Europe, the rose leaves were replaced with mint leaves because they were easier to obtain.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":245,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Julab merupakan minuman yang terbuat dari daun bunga mawar dan air. Ketika masuk ke Eropa, daun bunga mawar digantikan dengan daun mint karena lebih mudah didapat. Walaupun mint julep modern selalu menggunakan wiski bourbon tetapi mint julep ketika baru ditemukan dapat menggunakan minuman beralkohol lainnta.","translated_text":"Julab is a drink made from the leaves of roses and water. When they entered Europe, the rose leaves were replaced with mint leaves because they were easier to obtain. Although modern mint julep always uses bourbon whiskey but mint julep when newly discovered can use other alcoholic beverages.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mahalo\">{{en}} [http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep Mint Julep], “Mahalo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":309,"name":"mahalo","url":"http://www.mahalo.com/mint-julep","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":418,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.899641-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Beta-amilase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|jmpl|200px|Bacillus, salah satu genus mikroorganisme penghasil beta-amilase.]]\n'''Beta-amilase''' (E.C 3.2.1.2) merupakan [[enzim]] golongan [[hidrolase]] kelas 14 yang digunakan dalam proses [[sakarifikasi]] [[pati]] (sejenis [[karbohidrat]]).<ref>Henrissat B, Bairoch A. 1996. Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases. ''Biochem J'' 316:695–696.</ref> Sakarifikasi banyak berperan dalam permecahan makromolekul karbohidrat. Pemecahan makromolekul karbohidrat ini akan menghasilkan molekul karbohidrat rantai pendek (sederhana).<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\n== Mekanisme kerja ==\nBeta-amilase akan memotong ikatan glikosidik pada gugus [[amilosa]], [[amilopektin]], dan [[glikogen]].<ref name=book1/> Amilosa merupakan struktur rantai lurus dari pati, sedangkan amilopektin merupakan struktur percabangan dari pati.<ref name=book1/> Hasil pemotongan oleh enzim ini akan didominasi oleh molekul [[maltosa]] dan beta-limit [[dekstrin]].<ref name=book1/> Dalam industri pangan, pembentukan senyawa beta-limit dektrin sering kali dihindari karena membentuk viskositas atau kekentalan yang terlalu pekat.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Sumber ==\nEnzim beta-amilase banyak ditemukan pada [[tanaman]] tingkat tinggi, seperti [[gandum]], [[ubi]], dan [[kacang kedelai]].<ref name=book1/> Di samping itu, beta-amilase juga dapat ditemui pada beberapa [[mikroorganisme]], antara lain [[Pseudomonas]], [[Bacillus]], [[Streptococcus]], dan [[Clostridium thermosulfurigenes]].<ref name=book1/> Enzim yang berasal dari C. thermosulfurigenes umumnya lebih disukai karena memiliki toleransi suhu dan pH yang lebih tinggi.<ref>Shen GJ, Saha BC, Lee YE, Bhatnagar L, Zeikus JG. 1988. Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable alpha-amylase from Clostridium thermosulphurogenes. ''Biochem J'' 254: 835–840.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Amilase Beta]]","hash":"888821ae26e17c9357794bf23474618abcdbc25cc91a6f47d5b9b1a3ef758cff","last_revision":"2020-03-20T13:54:04Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:25:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:43.982018","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Β-Amylase","it":"Β-amilasi","ja":"Β-アミラーゼ","ko":"베타-아밀레이스","sh":"Beta amilaza","sr":"Beta amilaza"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Beta-amilase (E.C 3.2.1.2) merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase kelas 14 yang digunakan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat). Sakarifikasi banyak berperan dalam permecahan makromolekul karbohidrat. Pemecahan makromolekul karbohidrat ini akan menghasilkan molekul karbohidrat rantai pendek (sederhana).\n\nBeta-amilase akan memotong ikatan glikosidik pada gugus amilosa, amilopektin, dan glikogen. Amilosa merupakan struktur rantai lurus dari pati, sedangkan amilopektin merupakan struktur percabangan dari pati. Hasil pemotongan oleh enzim ini akan didominasi oleh molekul maltosa dan beta-limit dekstrin. Dalam industri pangan, pembentukan senyawa beta-limit dektrin sering kali dihindari karena membentuk viskositas atau kekentalan yang terlalu pekat.\n\nEnzim beta-amilase banyak ditemukan pada tanaman tingkat tinggi, seperti gandum, ubi, dan kacang kedelai. Di samping itu, beta-amilase juga dapat ditemui pada beberapa mikroorganisme, antara lain Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, dan Clostridium thermosulfurigenes. Enzim yang berasal dari C. thermosulfurigenes umumnya lebih disukai karena memiliki toleransi suhu dan pH yang lebih tinggi.\n\nAmilase Beta\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beta","translated_text":"The beta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-amilase (E.C 3.2.1.2) merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase kelas 14 yang digunakan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat).","translated_text":"-amylase (E.C 3.2.1.2) is an enzyme of the class 14 hydrolase group used in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Henrissat B, Bairoch A. 1996. Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases. ''Biochem J'' 316:695–696.</ref>","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sakarifikasi banyak berperan dalam permecahan makromolekul karbohidrat.","translated_text":"Sacarification plays a large role in the breakdown of carbohydrate macromolecules.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemecahan makromolekul karbohidrat ini akan menghasilkan molekul karbohidrat rantai pendek (sederhana).","translated_text":"The breakdown of these carbohydrate macromolecules will produce short-chain carbohydrate molecules.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mekanisme kerja","translated_text":"Mechanism of work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beta","translated_text":"The beta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-amilase akan memotong ikatan glikosidik pada gugus amilosa, amilopektin, dan glikogen.","translated_text":"- Amylase will cut the glycosidic bonds to the amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen groups.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":87,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Amilosa merupakan struktur rantai lurus dari pati, sedangkan amilopektin merupakan struktur percabangan dari pati.","translated_text":"Amylose is a straight chain structure of starch, whereas amylopectin is a branching structure of starch.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil pemotongan oleh enzim ini akan didominasi oleh molekul maltosa dan beta-limit dekstrin.","translated_text":"The resulting cuts by this enzyme will be dominated by maltose molecules and beta-limit dextrins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam industri pangan, pembentukan senyawa beta-limit dektrin sering kali dihindari karena membentuk viskositas atau kekentalan yang terlalu pekat.","translated_text":"In the food industry, the formation of the beta-limit compound dektrin is often avoided because it forms overconcentrated viscosity or stiffness.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sumber","translated_text":"The Source","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim beta-amilase banyak ditemukan pada tanaman tingkat tinggi, seperti gandum, ubi, dan kacang kedelai.","translated_text":"The beta-amylase enzyme is abundant in high-grade plants, such as wheat, potatoes, and soybeans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu, beta-amilase juga dapat ditemui pada beberapa mikroorganisme, antara lain Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, dan Clostridium thermosulfurigenes.","translated_text":"In addition, beta-amilase can also be found in some microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium thermosulfurigenes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":163,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim yang berasal dari C. thermosulfurigenes umumnya lebih disukai karena memiliki toleransi suhu dan pH yang lebih tinggi.","translated_text":"Enzymes derived from C. thermosulfurigenes are generally preferred because of their higher temperature and pH tolerance.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Shen GJ, Saha BC, Lee YE, Bhatnagar L, Zeikus JG. 1988. Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable alpha-amylase from Clostridium thermosulphurogenes. ''Biochem J'' 254: 835–840.</ref>","char_index":124,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Amilase Beta","translated_text":"Amylase Beta","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Beta -amilase (E.C 3.2.1.2) merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase kelas 14 yang digunakan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat).","translated_text":"The beta. -amylase (E.C 3.2.1.2) is an enzyme of the class 14 hydrolase group used in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Henrissat B, Bairoch A. 1996. Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases. ''Biochem J'' 316:695–696.</ref>","char_index":140,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-amilase (E.C 3.2.1.2) merupakan enzim golongan hidrolase kelas 14 yang digunakan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat). Sakarifikasi banyak berperan dalam permecahan makromolekul karbohidrat. Pemecahan makromolekul karbohidrat ini akan menghasilkan molekul karbohidrat rantai pendek (sederhana).","translated_text":"-amylase (E.C 3.2.1.2) is an enzyme of the class 14 hydrolase group used in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate). Sacarification plays a large role in the breakdown of carbohydrate macromolecules. The breakdown of these carbohydrate macromolecules will produce short-chain carbohydrate molecules.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":311,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beta -amilase akan memotong ikatan glikosidik pada gugus amilosa, amilopektin, dan glikogen.","translated_text":"The beta. - Amylase will cut the glycosidic bonds to the amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen groups.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beta -amilase akan memotong ikatan glikosidik pada gugus amilosa, amilopektin, dan glikogen. Amilosa merupakan struktur rantai lurus dari pati, sedangkan amilopektin merupakan struktur percabangan dari pati.","translated_text":"The beta. - Amylase will cut the glycosidic bonds to the amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen groups. Amylose is a straight chain structure of starch, whereas amylopectin is a branching structure of starch.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":207,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-amilase akan memotong ikatan glikosidik pada gugus amilosa, amilopektin, dan glikogen. Amilosa merupakan struktur rantai lurus dari pati, sedangkan amilopektin merupakan struktur percabangan dari pati. Hasil pemotongan oleh enzim ini akan didominasi oleh molekul maltosa dan beta-limit dekstrin.","translated_text":"- Amylase will cut the glycosidic bonds to the amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen groups. Amylose is a straight chain structure of starch, whereas amylopectin is a branching structure of starch. The resulting cuts by this enzyme will be dominated by maltose molecules and beta-limit dextrins.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":296,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Amilosa merupakan struktur rantai lurus dari pati, sedangkan amilopektin merupakan struktur percabangan dari pati. Hasil pemotongan oleh enzim ini akan didominasi oleh molekul maltosa dan beta-limit dekstrin. Dalam industri pangan, pembentukan senyawa beta-limit dektrin sering kali dihindari karena membentuk viskositas atau kekentalan yang terlalu pekat.","translated_text":"Amylose is a straight chain structure of starch, whereas amylopectin is a branching structure of starch. The resulting cuts by this enzyme will be dominated by maltose molecules and beta-limit dextrins. In the food industry, the formation of the beta-limit compound dektrin is often avoided because it forms overconcentrated viscosity or stiffness.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":356,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim beta-amilase banyak ditemukan pada tanaman tingkat tinggi, seperti gandum, ubi, dan kacang kedelai.","translated_text":"The beta-amylase enzyme is abundant in high-grade plants, such as wheat, potatoes, and soybeans.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim beta-amilase banyak ditemukan pada tanaman tingkat tinggi, seperti gandum, ubi, dan kacang kedelai. Di samping itu, beta-amilase juga dapat ditemui pada beberapa mikroorganisme, antara lain Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, dan Clostridium thermosulfurigenes.","translated_text":"The beta-amylase enzyme is abundant in high-grade plants, such as wheat, potatoes, and soybeans. In addition, beta-amilase can also be found in some microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium thermosulfurigenes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":269,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim beta-amilase banyak ditemukan pada tanaman tingkat tinggi, seperti gandum, ubi, dan kacang kedelai. Di samping itu, beta-amilase juga dapat ditemui pada beberapa mikroorganisme, antara lain Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, dan Clostridium thermosulfurigenes. Enzim yang berasal dari C. thermosulfurigenes umumnya lebih disukai karena memiliki toleransi suhu dan pH yang lebih tinggi.","translated_text":"The beta-amylase enzyme is abundant in high-grade plants, such as wheat, potatoes, and soybeans. In addition, beta-amilase can also be found in some microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium thermosulfurigenes. Enzymes derived from C. thermosulfurigenes are generally preferred because of their higher temperature and pH tolerance.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Shen GJ, Saha BC, Lee YE, Bhatnagar L, Zeikus JG. 1988. Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable alpha-amylase from Clostridium thermosulphurogenes. ''Biochem J'' 254: 835–840.</ref>","char_index":394,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Film horror","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Film horor]]","hash":"223988b53aa2582ac4378ff560f9470f1e485ebb7f33268b663c2846fcafda62","last_revision":"2010-06-13T08:26:37Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:26:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.039713","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Film horor\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Film horor","translated_text":"All the horror movies","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Sundel bolong (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"'''Sundel bolong''' dapat merujuk pada:\n\n* [[Sundel bolong]], [[mitos]] [[hantu]] dari [[nusantara]] yang populer.\n\n* '''[[Film]]'''\n** [[Sundelbolong|Sundel Bolong]], [[film horor]] tahun 1981 yang disutradarai [[Sisworo Gautama Putra|Sisworo Gautama]] dan dibintangi [[Suzanna]] dan [[Barry Prima]].\n** [[Telaga Angker]], film horor tahun 1984 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna\n** [[Malam Jumat Kliwon (film)|Malam Jumat Kliwon]], film horor tahun 1986 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna\n** [[Malam Satu Suro]], film horor tahun 1988 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna\n** [[Legenda Sundel Bolong]], film horor tahun 2007 yang disutradarai [[Hanung Bramantyo]]\n\n\n{{disambig}}","hash":"82116c5c5f01b41b54da64625151a664ed718add161964515eb5e4da7b9fb0a0","last_revision":"2017-09-06T09:32:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:34:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.102278","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Sundel bolong dapat merujuk pada:\n\nSundel bolong, mitos hantu dari nusantara yang populer.\n\nFilm Sundel Bolong, film horor tahun 1981 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna dan Barry Prima. Telaga Angker, film horor tahun 1984 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna Malam Jumat Kliwon, film horor tahun 1986 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna Malam Satu Suro, film horor tahun 1988 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna Legenda Sundel Bolong, film horor tahun 2007 yang disutradarai Hanung Bramantyo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sundel bolong dapat merujuk pada:","translated_text":"Sundel net may refer to:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sundel bolong, mitos hantu dari nusantara yang populer.","translated_text":"The Sundel net, the ghost myth of the popular peninsula.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Film Sundel Bolong, film horor tahun 1981 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna dan Barry Prima.","translated_text":"Sundel Bolong is a 1981 horror film directed by Sisworo Gautama and starring Suzanna and Barry Prima.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Telaga Angker, film horor tahun 1984 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna Malam Jumat Kliwon, film horor tahun 1986 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna Malam Satu Suro, film horor tahun 1988 yang disutradarai Sisworo Gautama dan dibintangi Suzanna Legenda Sundel Bolong, film horor tahun 2007 yang disutradarai Hanung Bramantyo","translated_text":"Telaga Angker, 1984 horror film directed by Sisworo Gautama and starring Suzanna Malam Juma Kliwon, 1986 horror film directed by Sisworo Gautama and starring Suzanna Malam Satu Suro, 1988 horror film directed by Sisworo Gautama and starring Suzanna Legenda Sundel Bolong, 2007 horror film directed by Hanung Bramantyo","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bissu Usman","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bissu (pemeran)]]","hash":"37c7a4de09778bffd37694f7de51a6c87478706ed86bc5a92ab0c1455c7a2378","last_revision":"2022-10-15T02:47:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:38:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.157361","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bissu (pemeran)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bissu (pemeran)","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Beta-xilosidase","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=April 2012}}\n[[Berkas:PDB 1px8 EBI.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D beta-xilosidase.]]\n'''Beta-xilosidase''' (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) merupakan salah satu [[enzim]] pendegradasi senyawa [[xilan]] yang terdapat dalam [[dinding sel]] beberapa jenis [[tanaman]].<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim-enzim beta-xilosidase ini termasuk ke dalam golongan 3, 39, 43, dan 52 enzim [[hidrolase]] glikosida (ikatan antarmolekul [[glukosa]]).<ref>Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. ''Curr Op Microbiol'' 6:219–228.</ref> Selain xilan, enzim ini juga dapat menghidrolisis substrat lain, seperti p-nitrofenil-beta-D-xilopiranosida yang banyak dipakai dalam uji kalorimetrik beta-xilosidase.<ref name=\"Coughlan MP 1993\">Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>\n\n== Mekanisme kerja ==\nBeta-xilosidase akan memotong senyawa [[xilobiosa]] dan [[oligosakarida]] rantai pendek pada ujung rantai nonpereduksi yang merupakan hasil pencacahan enzim [[xilanase]].<ref name=book1 /> Beberapa jenis beta-xilosidase juga menunjukkan aktivitas transxilosidase yang dapat membentuk senyawa [[xilosa]] pada kondisi tertentu.<ref name=book1 /> Terkait dengan hal tersebut, enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam sintesis oligosakarida spesifik dalam berbagai jenis industri.<ref>De Vries RP, Visser J. 2001. ''Aspergillus enzymes'' involved in degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. ''Microbiol Mol Biol Rev'' 65:497–522.</ref> Penggunaan enzim beta-xilosidase juga semakin umum digunakan karena melalui beberapa penelitian telah ditunjukkan bahwa enzim ini dapat dikeluarkan dari sel secara mandiri (enzim ekstraseluler).<ref name=\"Coughlan MP 1993\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]\n\n[[en:List of EC numbers (EC 3)]]","hash":"2ffe1b3c8e434a694f4e0932290f08ed6865a205b53b1ac88e4865b66338478a","last_revision":"2018-11-09T07:35:54Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:40:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.217688","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"List of EC numbers (EC 3)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Beta-xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) merupakan salah satu enzim pendegradasi senyawa xilan yang terdapat dalam dinding sel beberapa jenis tanaman. Enzim-enzim beta-xilosidase ini termasuk ke dalam golongan 3, 39, 43, dan 52 enzim hidrolase glikosida (ikatan antarmolekul glukosa). Selain xilan, enzim ini juga dapat menghidrolisis substrat lain, seperti p-nitrofenil-beta-D-xilopiranosida yang banyak dipakai dalam uji kalorimetrik beta-xilosidase.\n\nBeta-xilosidase akan memotong senyawa xilobiosa dan oligosakarida rantai pendek pada ujung rantai nonpereduksi yang merupakan hasil pencacahan enzim xilanase. Beberapa jenis beta-xilosidase juga menunjukkan aktivitas transxilosidase yang dapat membentuk senyawa xilosa pada kondisi tertentu. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam sintesis oligosakarida spesifik dalam berbagai jenis industri. Penggunaan enzim beta-xilosidase juga semakin umum digunakan karena melalui beberapa penelitian telah ditunjukkan bahwa enzim ini dapat dikeluarkan dari sel secara mandiri (enzim ekstraseluler).\n\nKategori:Enzim\n\nen:List of EC numbers (EC 3)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beta","translated_text":"The beta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) merupakan salah satu enzim pendegradasi senyawa xilan yang terdapat dalam dinding sel beberapa jenis tanaman.","translated_text":"-xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) is one of the xylene degradation enzymes found in the cell walls of some types of plants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":157,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim-enzim beta-xilosidase ini termasuk ke dalam golongan 3, 39, 43, dan 52 enzim hidrolase glikosida (ikatan antarmolekul glukosa).","translated_text":"These beta-xiloside enzymes are included in groups 3, 39, 43, and 52 glycoside hydrolase enzymes (glucose intermolecular bonds).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. ''Curr Op Microbiol'' 6:219–228.</ref>","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain xilan, enzim ini juga dapat menghidrolisis substrat lain, seperti p-nitrofenil-beta-D-xilopiranosida yang banyak dipakai dalam uji kalorimetrik beta-xilosidase.","translated_text":"In addition to xylan, this enzyme can also hydrolyze other substrates, such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xilopiranoside which is widely used in beta-xiloside calorimetric testing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Coughlan MP 1993\">Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"Coughlan MP 1993","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mekanisme kerja","translated_text":"Mechanism of work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beta","translated_text":"The beta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-xilosidase akan memotong senyawa xilobiosa dan oligosakarida rantai pendek pada ujung rantai nonpereduksi yang merupakan hasil pencacahan enzim xilanase.","translated_text":"-xilosidase will cut xilobiose compounds and short-chain oligosaccharides at the end of the non-reducing chain resulting from the decay of the xilanase enzyme.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":154,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa jenis beta-xilosidase juga menunjukkan aktivitas transxilosidase yang dapat membentuk senyawa xilosa pada kondisi tertentu.","translated_text":"Some types of beta-xilosidase also exhibit transxilosidase activity that can form xilosa compounds under certain conditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":132,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terkait dengan hal tersebut, enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam sintesis oligosakarida spesifik dalam berbagai jenis industri.","translated_text":"Related to this, this enzyme can be applied in the synthesis of specific oligosaccharides in various types of industries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>De Vries RP, Visser J. 2001. ''Aspergillus enzymes'' involved in degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. ''Microbiol Mol Biol Rev'' 65:497–522.</ref>","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggunaan enzim beta-xilosidase juga semakin umum digunakan karena melalui beberapa penelitian telah ditunjukkan bahwa enzim ini dapat dikeluarkan dari sel secara mandiri (enzim ekstraseluler).","translated_text":"The use of the enzyme beta-xilosidase is also increasingly being used because through some studies it has been shown that this enzyme can be removed from the cell independently (extracellular enzyme).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Coughlan MP 1993\">Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":194,"name":"Coughlan MP 1993","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"en:List of EC numbers (EC 3)","translated_text":"en:List of EC numbers (EC 3)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Beta -xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) merupakan salah satu enzim pendegradasi senyawa xilan yang terdapat dalam dinding sel beberapa jenis tanaman.","translated_text":"The beta. -xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) is one of the xylene degradation enzymes found in the cell walls of some types of plants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beta -xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) merupakan salah satu enzim pendegradasi senyawa xilan yang terdapat dalam dinding sel beberapa jenis tanaman. Enzim-enzim beta-xilosidase ini termasuk ke dalam golongan 3, 39, 43, dan 52 enzim hidrolase glikosida (ikatan antarmolekul glukosa).","translated_text":"The beta. -xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) is one of the xylene degradation enzymes found in the cell walls of some types of plants. These beta-xiloside enzymes are included in groups 3, 39, 43, and 52 glycoside hydrolase enzymes (glucose intermolecular bonds).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. ''Curr Op Microbiol'' 6:219–228.</ref>","char_index":296,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) merupakan salah satu enzim pendegradasi senyawa xilan yang terdapat dalam dinding sel beberapa jenis tanaman. Enzim-enzim beta-xilosidase ini termasuk ke dalam golongan 3, 39, 43, dan 52 enzim hidrolase glikosida (ikatan antarmolekul glukosa). Selain xilan, enzim ini juga dapat menghidrolisis substrat lain, seperti p-nitrofenil-beta-D-xilopiranosida yang banyak dipakai dalam uji kalorimetrik beta-xilosidase.","translated_text":"-xilosidase (beta-1,4-xilosidase, E.C 3.2.1.37) is one of the xylene degradation enzymes found in the cell walls of some types of plants. These beta-xiloside enzymes are included in groups 3, 39, 43, and 52 glycoside hydrolase enzymes (glucose intermolecular bonds). In addition to xylan, this enzyme can also hydrolyze other substrates, such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xilopiranoside which is widely used in beta-xiloside calorimetric testing.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Coughlan MP 1993\">Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":459,"name":"Coughlan MP 1993","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beta -xilosidase akan memotong senyawa xilobiosa dan oligosakarida rantai pendek pada ujung rantai nonpereduksi yang merupakan hasil pencacahan enzim xilanase.","translated_text":"The beta. -xilosidase will cut xilobiose compounds and short-chain oligosaccharides at the end of the non-reducing chain resulting from the decay of the xilanase enzyme.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beta -xilosidase akan memotong senyawa xilobiosa dan oligosakarida rantai pendek pada ujung rantai nonpereduksi yang merupakan hasil pencacahan enzim xilanase. Beberapa jenis beta-xilosidase juga menunjukkan aktivitas transxilosidase yang dapat membentuk senyawa xilosa pada kondisi tertentu.","translated_text":"The beta. -xilosidase will cut xilobiose compounds and short-chain oligosaccharides at the end of the non-reducing chain resulting from the decay of the xilanase enzyme. Some types of beta-xilosidase also exhibit transxilosidase activity that can form xilosa compounds under certain conditions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 74. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":292,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-xilosidase akan memotong senyawa xilobiosa dan oligosakarida rantai pendek pada ujung rantai nonpereduksi yang merupakan hasil pencacahan enzim xilanase. Beberapa jenis beta-xilosidase juga menunjukkan aktivitas transxilosidase yang dapat membentuk senyawa xilosa pada kondisi tertentu. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam sintesis oligosakarida spesifik dalam berbagai jenis industri.","translated_text":"-xilosidase will cut xilobiose compounds and short-chain oligosaccharides at the end of the non-reducing chain resulting from the decay of the xilanase enzyme. Some types of beta-xilosidase also exhibit transxilosidase activity that can form xilosa compounds under certain conditions. Related to this, this enzyme can be applied in the synthesis of specific oligosaccharides in various types of industries.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>De Vries RP, Visser J. 2001. ''Aspergillus enzymes'' involved in degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. ''Microbiol Mol Biol Rev'' 65:497–522.</ref>","char_index":415,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa jenis beta-xilosidase juga menunjukkan aktivitas transxilosidase yang dapat membentuk senyawa xilosa pada kondisi tertentu. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, enzim ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam sintesis oligosakarida spesifik dalam berbagai jenis industri. Penggunaan enzim beta-xilosidase juga semakin umum digunakan karena melalui beberapa penelitian telah ditunjukkan bahwa enzim ini dapat dikeluarkan dari sel secara mandiri (enzim ekstraseluler).","translated_text":"Some types of beta-xilosidase also exhibit transxilosidase activity that can form xilosa compounds under certain conditions. Related to this, this enzyme can be applied in the synthesis of specific oligosaccharides in various types of industries. The use of the enzyme beta-xilosidase is also increasingly being used because through some studies it has been shown that this enzyme can be removed from the cell independently (extracellular enzyme).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Coughlan MP 1993\">Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993. Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":455,"name":"Coughlan MP 1993","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Stephanie Edwards","wikicode":"'''Stephanie Edwards''' ({{lahirmati|Savannah|5|11|1987}}) adalah seorang [[aktris]] dan [[penyanyi]] [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]].<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Namanya mulai dikenal oleh [[masyarakat]] setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu [[finalis]] [[American idol musim keenam]].<ref name=\"Stephanie\"/><ref name=\"Edwards\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards - Finalis American idol season 6''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130729/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popcrunch.com%2Fstephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested%2F&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> [[Bakat]] menyanyinya telah dikembangkannya sejak ia berusia 3 tahun.<ref name=\"Stephanie\"/> Sejak usia 12 tahun, ia telah berhasil meraih aneka [[prestasi]] di bidang [[tarik suara]].<ref name=\"Stephanie\"/> Menginjak usia 25 tahun, ia berhasil menjadi ''Savvanah Star'' di daerah asalnya.<ref name=\"Stephanie\"/>\n\nIa tersisih dari American idol pada posisi 11 besar.<ref name=\"Edwards\"/> Setelah tersisih dari American idol, Stephanie Edwards merilis sebuah [[album]] yang berjudul \"Pada Jalan kami,\" yang dirilis pada bulan [[Oktober 2007]] dalam bentuk CD.<ref name=\"Stephanie\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n{{lifetime|1987||Edwards, Stephanie}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]\n[[Kategori:American Idol]]\n\n\n{{penyanyi-stub}}","hash":"c374788a49bea10e57ab916aafd05fece3e21523ab2d9f2d158ebccab4c1ae64","last_revision":"2023-08-27T07:54:56Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:43:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.272074","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ستيفاني إدواردز","en":"Stephanie Edwards (singer)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Stephanie Edwards () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika. Namanya mulai dikenal oleh masyarakat setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam. Bakat menyanyinya telah dikembangkannya sejak ia berusia 3 tahun. Sejak usia 12 tahun, ia telah berhasil meraih aneka prestasi di bidang tarik suara. Menginjak usia 25 tahun, ia berhasil menjadi Savvanah Star di daerah asalnya.\n\nIa tersisih dari American idol pada posisi 11 besar. Setelah tersisih dari American idol, Stephanie Edwards merilis sebuah album yang berjudul \"Pada Jalan kami,\" yang dirilis pada bulan Oktober 2007 dalam bentuk CD.\n\nKategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American Idol\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stephanie Edwards () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika.","translated_text":"Stephanie Edwards () is an American actress and singer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namanya mulai dikenal oleh masyarakat setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"Her name became known to the public after she became one of the finalists of the sixth season of American Idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125},{"content":"<ref name=\"Edwards\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards - Finalis American idol season 6''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130729/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popcrunch.com%2Fstephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested%2F&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"Edwards","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":21683,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:33.496309-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Edwards\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards - Finalis American idol season 6''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130729/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popcrunch.com%2Fstephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested%2F&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"Edwards","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":21683,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:33.496309-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakat menyanyinya telah dikembangkannya sejak ia berusia 3 tahun.","translated_text":"Her talent for singing has been developing since she was three years old.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":65,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak usia 12 tahun, ia telah berhasil meraih aneka prestasi di bidang tarik suara.","translated_text":"Since the age of 12, she has successfully achieved various achievements in the field of voice attraction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":83,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menginjak usia 25 tahun, ia berhasil menjadi Savvanah Star di daerah asalnya.","translated_text":"At the age of 25, he succeeded in becoming a Savvanah Star in his native region.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi 11 besar.","translated_text":"He dropped out of American Idol in the top 11.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Edwards\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards - Finalis American idol season 6''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130729/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popcrunch.com%2Fstephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested%2F&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":52,"name":"Edwards","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.popcrunch.com/stephanie-edwards-american-idol-season-6-finalist-arrested/&ei=ze0UTN6gGoPBrAePoMH-Bw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDIQ7gEwBTgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":21683,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:33.496309-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tersisih dari American idol, Stephanie Edwards merilis sebuah album yang berjudul \"Pada Jalan kami,\" yang dirilis pada bulan Oktober 2007 dalam bentuk CD.","translated_text":"After parting ways with American idol, Stephanie Edwards released an album titled \"On Our Way\", which was released in October 2007 on CD.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American Idol","translated_text":"Categories: American Idol singer and songwriter","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Stephanie Edwards () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika.","translated_text":"Stephanie Edwards () is an American actress and singer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Stephanie\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi ''Stephanie Edwards'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]},{"text":"Stephanie Edwards () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi Amerika. Namanya mulai dikenal oleh masyarakat setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim keenam.","translated_text":"Stephanie Edwards () is an American actress and singer. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"Stephanie","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/profile/stephanie-edwards.aspx&ei=NdcUTLnxGse5rAfzsPWxCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=12&ved=0CFMQ7gEwCw&prev=/search%3Fq%3DStephanie%2Bedwards%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Dvi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:32.999931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]}]}
+{"title":"Fitase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Phytate.svg|jmpl|200px|Fitat, substrat alami bagi [[enzim]] fitase.]]\n'''Fitase''' adalah [[enzim]] kelompok [[fosfatase]] yang dapat memutus ikatan gugus ortofosfat pada rantai [[inositol]] senyawa [[fitat]] (bentuk utama senyawa [[fosfor]] di dalam [[tanaman]]).<ref>Mullaney EJ, Ullah AHJ. 2003. The term phytase comprises several different classes of enzymes. ''Biochem Biophys Res Commun'' 312:179–184.</ref> Bebagai jenis fitase telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman dan [[bakteri]].<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim-enzim ini kemudian dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan [[pH]] optimumnya ([[asam]] dan [[basa]]), mekanisme katalitiknya (asam [[histidin]] fosfatase, beta-propeller fitase, dan sistein fosfatase), dan berdasarkan stereospesifitasnya (3- dan 6- fitase).<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Sumber ==\n=== Mikrob ===\nFitase telah banyak diisolasi dari berbagai [[mikroorganisme]], seperti [[fungi]], [[khamir]], [[bakteri]], dan [[protozoa]].<ref name=book1/> Sebagian besar enzim ini berasal dari kelompok asam histidin fosfatase atau dari alkalin fitase (basa).<ref name=book1/> Beberapa diantaranya telah digunakan sebagai suplemen pakan [[ternak]].<ref name=book1/> Jenis fitase yang diperoleh dari fungi dan khamir didominasi oleh kelompok 3-fitase.<ref name=ref1>Wyss M, Brugger R, Kronenberger A, Rémy R, Fimbel R, Oesterhelt G, Lehmann M, van Loon APGM. 1999. Biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): Catalytic properties. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 65:367–373.</ref> ''[[Aspergillus niger]]'' PhyA merupakan enzim kelas fitase yang pertama kali dikomersilkan.<ref name=ref1/>\n\n=== Tanaman ===\nFitase yang diperoleh dari tanaman pada umumnya termasuk ke dalam golongan asam histidin fosfatae dan 6-fitase.<ref name=book1/> Sebagian besar diantaranya memiliki pH kerja optimum berkisar antara 4,5 hingga 6,0 dan [[suhu]] optimum 38-55 <sup>0</sup>C.<ref name=book1/> Beberapa contoh tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim fitase antara lain [[kacang]]-kacangan dan [[gandum]].<ref>Viveros A, Centeno, Brenes A, Canales R, Lozano A. 2000. Phytase and acid phosphatase activities in plant feedstuffs. ''J Agric Food Chem'' 48:4009-13.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"0eef81cd9257e0f6b68e3cc984f81dc26adf90ccb271ce5ea136f0c6c9a85dd2","last_revision":"2020-04-14T08:12:00Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:46:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.347858","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Fitasa","de":"Phytasen","en":"Phytase","es":"Fitasa","fi":"Fytaasi","fr":"Phytase","pt":"Fitase","ru":"Фитаза"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Fitase adalah enzim kelompok fosfatase yang dapat memutus ikatan gugus ortofosfat pada rantai inositol senyawa fitat (bentuk utama senyawa fosfor di dalam tanaman). Bebagai jenis fitase telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman dan bakteri. Enzim-enzim ini kemudian dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan pH optimumnya (asam dan basa), mekanisme katalitiknya (asam histidin fosfatase, beta-propeller fitase, dan sistein fosfatase), dan berdasarkan stereospesifitasnya (3- dan 6- fitase).\n\nFitase telah banyak diisolasi dari berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti fungi, khamir, bakteri, dan protozoa. Sebagian besar enzim ini berasal dari kelompok asam histidin fosfatase atau dari alkalin fitase (basa). Beberapa diantaranya telah digunakan sebagai suplemen pakan ternak. Jenis fitase yang diperoleh dari fungi dan khamir didominasi oleh kelompok 3-fitase. Aspergillus niger PhyA merupakan enzim kelas fitase yang pertama kali dikomersilkan.\n\nFitase yang diperoleh dari tanaman pada umumnya termasuk ke dalam golongan asam histidin fosfatae dan 6-fitase. Sebagian besar diantaranya memiliki pH kerja optimum berkisar antara 4,5 hingga 6,0 dan suhu optimum 38-55 ⁰C. Beberapa contoh tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim fitase antara lain kacang-kacangan dan gandum.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fitase adalah enzim kelompok fosfatase yang dapat memutus ikatan gugus ortofosfat pada rantai inositol senyawa fitat (bentuk utama senyawa fosfor di dalam tanaman).","translated_text":"Phytase is an enzyme of the phosphatase group that can break the bonds of the orthophosphate group on the inositol chain of phytate compounds (the main form of phosphorus compounds in plants).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Mullaney EJ, Ullah AHJ. 2003. The term phytase comprises several different classes of enzymes. ''Biochem Biophys Res Commun'' 312:179–184.</ref>","char_index":164,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bebagai jenis fitase telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman dan bakteri.","translated_text":"Various types of phytase have been successfully isolated from plants and bacteria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":71,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim","translated_text":"Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-enzim ini kemudian dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan pH optimumnya (asam dan basa), mekanisme katalitiknya (asam histidin fosfatase, beta-propeller fitase, dan sistein fosfatase), dan berdasarkan stereospesifitasnya (3- dan 6- fitase).","translated_text":"These enzymes can then be grouped based on their optimum pH (acid and base), their catalytic mechanisms (histidine phosphatase acid, beta-propeller phytase, and cysteine phosphatase), and their stereospecificity (3- and 6-phytase).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":234,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sumber","translated_text":"The Source","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mikrob","translated_text":"Microbes","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fitase telah banyak diisolasi dari berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti fungi, khamir, bakteri, dan protozoa.","translated_text":"Phytase has been extensively isolated from various microorganisms, such as fungi, khamir, bacteria, and protozoa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar enzim ini berasal dari kelompok asam histidin fosfatase atau dari alkalin fitase (basa).","translated_text":"Most of these enzymes are derived from the acid group histidine phosphatase or from alkaline phytase (base).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa diantaranya telah digunakan sebagai suplemen pakan ternak.","translated_text":"Some have been used as feed supplements for livestock.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jenis fitase yang diperoleh dari fungi dan khamir didominasi oleh kelompok 3-fitase.","translated_text":"The type of phytase obtained from fungi and khamir is dominated by the 3-phytase group.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Wyss M, Brugger R, Kronenberger A, Rémy R, Fimbel R, Oesterhelt G, Lehmann M, van Loon APGM. 1999. Biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): Catalytic properties. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 65:367–373.</ref>","char_index":84,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aspergillus niger PhyA merupakan enzim kelas fitase yang pertama kali dikomersilkan.","translated_text":"Aspergillus niger PhyA is a phytase class enzyme that was first commercialized.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Wyss M, Brugger R, Kronenberger A, Rémy R, Fimbel R, Oesterhelt G, Lehmann M, van Loon APGM. 1999. Biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): Catalytic properties. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 65:367–373.</ref>","char_index":84,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tanaman","translated_text":"Plants","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fitase yang diperoleh dari tanaman pada umumnya termasuk ke dalam golongan asam histidin fosfatae dan 6-fitase.","translated_text":"Plant-derived phytases generally fall into the group of histidinoic acid phosphates and 6-phytases.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar diantaranya memiliki pH kerja optimum berkisar antara 4,5 hingga 6,0 dan suhu optimum 38-55 ⁰C. Beberapa contoh tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim fitase antara lain kacang-kacangan dan gandum.","translated_text":"Most of them have an optimum working pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.0 and an optimum temperature of 38-55 0C. Some examples of plants capable of producing phytase enzymes include nuts and wheat.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":110,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Viveros A, Centeno, Brenes A, Canales R, Lozano A. 2000. Phytase and acid phosphatase activities in plant feedstuffs. ''J Agric Food Chem'' 48:4009-13.</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Fitase adalah enzim kelompok fosfatase yang dapat memutus ikatan gugus ortofosfat pada rantai inositol senyawa fitat (bentuk utama senyawa fosfor di dalam tanaman).","translated_text":"Phytase is an enzyme of the phosphatase group that can break the bonds of the orthophosphate group on the inositol chain of phytate compounds (the main form of phosphorus compounds in plants).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Mullaney EJ, Ullah AHJ. 2003. The term phytase comprises several different classes of enzymes. ''Biochem Biophys Res Commun'' 312:179–184.</ref>","char_index":164,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fitase adalah enzim kelompok fosfatase yang dapat memutus ikatan gugus ortofosfat pada rantai inositol senyawa fitat (bentuk utama senyawa fosfor di dalam tanaman). Bebagai jenis fitase telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman dan bakteri.","translated_text":"Phytase is an enzyme of the phosphatase group that can break the bonds of the orthophosphate group on the inositol chain of phytate compounds (the main form of phosphorus compounds in plants). Various types of phytase have been successfully isolated from plants and bacteria.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":236,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bebagai jenis fitase telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman dan bakteri. Enzim -enzim ini kemudian dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan pH optimumnya (asam dan basa), mekanisme katalitiknya (asam histidin fosfatase, beta-propeller fitase, dan sistein fosfatase), dan berdasarkan stereospesifitasnya (3- dan 6- fitase).","translated_text":"Various types of phytase have been successfully isolated from plants and bacteria. Enzymes These enzymes can then be grouped based on their optimum pH (acid and base), their catalytic mechanisms (histidine phosphatase acid, beta-propeller phytase, and cysteine phosphatase), and their stereospecificity (3- and 6-phytase).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fitase telah banyak diisolasi dari berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti fungi, khamir, bakteri, dan protozoa.","translated_text":"Phytase has been extensively isolated from various microorganisms, such as fungi, khamir, bacteria, and protozoa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fitase telah banyak diisolasi dari berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti fungi, khamir, bakteri, dan protozoa. Sebagian besar enzim ini berasal dari kelompok asam histidin fosfatase atau dari alkalin fitase (basa).","translated_text":"Phytase has been extensively isolated from various microorganisms, such as fungi, khamir, bacteria, and protozoa. Most of these enzymes are derived from the acid group histidine phosphatase or from alkaline phytase (base).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":209,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fitase telah banyak diisolasi dari berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti fungi, khamir, bakteri, dan protozoa. Sebagian besar enzim ini berasal dari kelompok asam histidin fosfatase atau dari alkalin fitase (basa). Beberapa diantaranya telah digunakan sebagai suplemen pakan ternak.","translated_text":"Phytase has been extensively isolated from various microorganisms, such as fungi, khamir, bacteria, and protozoa. Most of these enzymes are derived from the acid group histidine phosphatase or from alkaline phytase (base). Some have been used as feed supplements for livestock.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar enzim ini berasal dari kelompok asam histidin fosfatase atau dari alkalin fitase (basa). Beberapa diantaranya telah digunakan sebagai suplemen pakan ternak. Jenis fitase yang diperoleh dari fungi dan khamir didominasi oleh kelompok 3-fitase.","translated_text":"Most of these enzymes are derived from the acid group histidine phosphatase or from alkaline phytase (base). Some have been used as feed supplements for livestock. The type of phytase obtained from fungi and khamir is dominated by the 3-phytase group.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Wyss M, Brugger R, Kronenberger A, Rémy R, Fimbel R, Oesterhelt G, Lehmann M, van Loon APGM. 1999. Biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): Catalytic properties. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 65:367–373.</ref>","char_index":256,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa diantaranya telah digunakan sebagai suplemen pakan ternak. Jenis fitase yang diperoleh dari fungi dan khamir didominasi oleh kelompok 3-fitase. Aspergillus niger PhyA merupakan enzim kelas fitase yang pertama kali dikomersilkan.","translated_text":"Some have been used as feed supplements for livestock. The type of phytase obtained from fungi and khamir is dominated by the 3-phytase group. Aspergillus niger PhyA is a phytase class enzyme that was first commercialized.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Wyss M, Brugger R, Kronenberger A, Rémy R, Fimbel R, Oesterhelt G, Lehmann M, van Loon APGM. 1999. Biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): Catalytic properties. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 65:367–373.</ref>","char_index":237,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fitase yang diperoleh dari tanaman pada umumnya termasuk ke dalam golongan asam histidin fosfatae dan 6-fitase.","translated_text":"Plant-derived phytases generally fall into the group of histidinoic acid phosphates and 6-phytases.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fitase yang diperoleh dari tanaman pada umumnya termasuk ke dalam golongan asam histidin fosfatae dan 6-fitase. Sebagian besar diantaranya memiliki pH kerja optimum berkisar antara 4,5 hingga 6,0 dan suhu optimum 38-55 ⁰C. Beberapa contoh tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim fitase antara lain kacang-kacangan dan gandum.","translated_text":"Plant-derived phytases generally fall into the group of histidinoic acid phosphates and 6-phytases. Most of them have an optimum working pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.0 and an optimum temperature of 38-55 0C. Some examples of plants capable of producing phytase enzymes include nuts and wheat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 505-508. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":222,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Viveros A, Centeno, Brenes A, Canales R, Lozano A. 2000. Phytase and acid phosphatase activities in plant feedstuffs. ''J Agric Food Chem'' 48:4009-13.</ref>","char_index":322,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Eau de vie","wikicode":"{{Infobox drink/wd}}\n\n'''Eau de vie''' atau '''Eaux de vie''' (jamak) adalah sejenis [[brendi]] yang dibuat dari [[buah-buahan]].<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/spirits/p/brndy_bscs.htm Brandy Basics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624063749/http://cocktails.about.com/od/spirits/p/brndy_bscs.htm |date=2011-06-24 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Eau de vie merupakan [[Bahasa Prancis]] yang memiliki arti \"minuman kehidupan\".<ref name=\"about\"/> Minuman ini memiliki warna yang jernih dan rasa buah yang ringan.<ref name=\"about\"/> Eau de vie dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam buah tetapi yang umum adalah dari buah [[apel]] (''de pomme''), [[pir]] (''de poire''), [[persik]] (''de peche'') dan [[plum]] (''de mirabelle'').<ref name=\"about\"/> Sementara itu, eau de vie yang terbuat dari buah [[ceri]], [[stroberi]], [[raspberry]], [[blueberry]], dan [[aprikot]] juga dapat ditemukan.<ref name=\"food reference\">{{en}} [http://www.foodreference.com/html/arteauxdevie.html Eaux de vie - Fruit Brandies], “Food Reference''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Eau de vie biasanya disajikan dalam keadaan dingin dan digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat [[likeur]] seperti [[Canton]] dan [[St. Germain]].<ref name=\"about\"/> Minuman ini umumnya dikonsumsi setelah makan karena dapat membantu pencernaan.<ref name=\"about\"/><ref name=\"food reference\"/>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Eau de vie}}\n\n{{minuman-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Minuman beralkohol]]","hash":"c09a80730a3c812e1425fb32d1274fcde4f35e911058c6dc7b1541ddde537a02","last_revision":"2023-04-04T15:47:41Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T08:48:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.407807","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ماء الحياة (فرنسي)","arz":"ماء الحياه (مشروب)","de":"Eau de vie","en":"Eau de vie","fr":"Eau-de-vie","he":"או דה וי","ia":"Eau-de-vie","ja":"オードヴィー","lt":"Eau de vie","nl":"Eau de vie","nn":"Eau de vie","nb":"Eau de vie","sr":"Voda života","sv":"Eau-de-vie","tr":"Eau de vie"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Eau de vie atau Eaux de vie (jamak) adalah sejenis brendi yang dibuat dari buah-buahan. Brandy Basics , \"About.com. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010. Eau de vie merupakan Bahasa Prancis yang memiliki arti \"minuman kehidupan\". Minuman ini memiliki warna yang jernih dan rasa buah yang ringan. Eau de vie dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam buah tetapi yang umum adalah dari buah apel (de pomme), pir (de poire), persik (de peche) dan plum (de mirabelle''). Sementara itu, eau de vie yang terbuat dari buah ceri, stroberi, raspberry, blueberry, dan aprikot juga dapat ditemukan. Eau de vie biasanya disajikan dalam keadaan dingin dan digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat likeur seperti Canton dan St. Germain. Minuman ini umumnya dikonsumsi setelah makan karena dapat membantu pencernaan.\n\nMinuman beralkohol\n\nKategori:Minuman beralkohol\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox drink/wd}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Eau de vie atau Eaux de vie (jamak) adalah sejenis brendi yang dibuat dari buah-buahan.","translated_text":"Eau de vie or Eaux de vie (plum) is a type of brandy made from fruit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Brandy Basics , \"About.com.","translated_text":"Brandy Basics, \"About.com.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624063749/http://cocktails.about.com/od/spirits/p/brndy_bscs.htm |date=2011-06-24 }}","char_index":14,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110624063749/http://cocktails.about.com/od/spirits/p/brndy_bscs.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.036474-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.","translated_text":"Accessed on 13 June 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eau de vie merupakan Bahasa Prancis yang memiliki arti \"minuman kehidupan\".","translated_text":"Eau de vie is a French word meaning \"drink of life\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\"/>","char_index":75,"name":"about","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minuman ini memiliki warna yang jernih dan rasa buah yang ringan.","translated_text":"This drink has a clear color and a mild fruity taste.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\"/>","char_index":65,"name":"about","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eau de vie dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam buah tetapi yang umum adalah dari buah apel (de pomme), pir (de poire), persik (de peche) dan plum (de mirabelle'').","translated_text":"Eau de vie can be made from a variety of fruits but the common ones are from apples (de pomme), pears (de poire), peaches (de peche) and plums (de mirabelle').","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\"/>","char_index":160,"name":"about","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sementara itu, eau de vie yang terbuat dari buah ceri, stroberi, raspberry, blueberry, dan aprikot juga dapat ditemukan.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, eau de vie made from cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and apricots can also be found.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"food reference\">{{en}} [http://www.foodreference.com/html/arteauxdevie.html Eaux de vie - Fruit Brandies], “Food Reference''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":120,"name":"food reference","url":"http://www.foodreference.com/html/arteauxdevie.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":26071,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.106267-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eau de vie biasanya disajikan dalam keadaan dingin dan digunakan sebagai bahan pembuat likeur seperti Canton dan St. Germain.","translated_text":"Eau de vie is usually served cold and used as a liqueur ingredient such as Canton and St. Germain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\"/>","char_index":125,"name":"about","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minuman ini umumnya dikonsumsi setelah makan karena dapat membantu pencernaan.","translated_text":"This drink is generally consumed after a meal because it can aid digestion.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\"/>","char_index":78,"name":"about","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"food reference\">{{en}} [http://www.foodreference.com/html/arteauxdevie.html Eaux de vie - Fruit Brandies], “Food Reference''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"food reference","url":"http://www.foodreference.com/html/arteauxdevie.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":26071,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.106267-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.796875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Alcoholic drinks","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Category:Alcoholic beverages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Eau de vie atau Eaux de vie (jamak) adalah sejenis brendi yang dibuat dari buah-buahan. 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This drink has a clear color and a mild fruity taste.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\"/>","char_index":168,"name":"about","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Eau de vie merupakan Bahasa Prancis yang memiliki arti \"minuman kehidupan\". Minuman ini memiliki warna yang jernih dan rasa buah yang ringan. Eau de vie dapat dibuat dari berbagai macam buah tetapi yang umum adalah dari buah apel (de pomme), pir (de poire), persik (de peche) dan plum (de mirabelle'').","translated_text":"Eau de vie is a French word meaning \"drink of life\". This drink has a clear color and a mild fruity taste. 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+{"title":"Glikosiltransferase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:PDB 1lz7 EBI.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D glikosiltransferase.]]\n'''Glikosiltransferase''' (EC 2.4) adalah golongan [[enzim]] yang mampu menyintesis ikatan glikosidik pada molekul-molekul [[karbohidrat]] kompleks.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim ini mengkatalis perpindahan gugus glikosil dari donor ke molekul target.<ref name=book1/> Dengan bantuan [[glikosidase]] (EC 3.2), enzim ini mampu menyintesis [[oligosakarida]].<ref name=book1/> Sintesis oligosakarida dengan menggunakan enzim ini membutuhkan [[gula]] [[nukleotida]] atau gula [[fosfat]] sebagai substrat.<ref>Sanz-Aparicio J, Hermoso JA, Martinez-Ripoll M, Lequerica JL, Polaina J. 1998. Crystal structure of beta-glucosidase A from ''Bacillus polymyxa'': Insights into the catalytic activity in family 1 glycosyl hydrolases. ''J Mol Biol'' 275:491–502.</ref>\n\n== Jenis - jenis ==\nBerdasarkan residu gula yang ditransfer, glikosiltransferase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan utama, yaitu:\n* Heksosiltransferase (EC 2.4.1)<ref name=book1/>\n* Pentosiltransferase (EC 2.4.2)<ref name=book1/>\n* Glikosiltransferase lainnya (2.4.99).<ref name=book1/>\n\nPenggolongan glikosiltransferase lainnya adalah berdasarkan donor molekulnya, yaitu:\n* Glikosiltransferase tipe leloir, yang memerlukan residu gula nukleotida (contoh: UDP-glukosiltransferase)<ref name=book1/>\n* Glikosiltransferase non-leloir, yang menggunakan gula-1-fosfat (contoh: fosforilase)<ref name=book1/>\n* Transglikosidase, yang menggunakan [[sukrosa]], [[laktosa]], dan [[pati]].<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"9ff5bcf30804dd19c114c3a03e699e1a9d373ec1d1d8bb10480189e2781ceb74","last_revision":"2017-11-26T12:54:48Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:01:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.464876","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ناقلة الغليكوزيل","de":"Glycosyltransferasen","en":"Glycosyltransferase","fa":"گلیکوزیل‌ترانسفراز","fi":"Glykosyylitransferaasit","fr":"Glycosyltransférase","it":"Glicosiltransferasi","ja":"グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ","ko":"글리코실기전이효소","ms":"Glikosiltransferase","pt":"Glicosiltransferase","ru":"Гликозилтрансферазы","sr":"Glikoziltransferaza","sv":"Glykosyltransferas","uk":"Глікозилтрансфераза","vi":"Glycosyltransferase"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Glikosiltransferase (EC 2.4) adalah golongan enzim yang mampu menyintesis ikatan glikosidik pada molekul-molekul karbohidrat kompleks. Enzim ini mengkatalis perpindahan gugus glikosil dari donor ke molekul target. Dengan bantuan glikosidase (EC 3.2), enzim ini mampu menyintesis oligosakarida. Sintesis oligosakarida dengan menggunakan enzim ini membutuhkan gula nukleotida atau gula fosfat sebagai substrat.\n\nBerdasarkan residu gula yang ditransfer, glikosiltransferase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan utama, yaitu: Heksosiltransferase (EC 2.4.1) Pentosiltransferase (EC 2.4.2) Glikosiltransferase lainnya (2.4.99).\n\nPenggolongan glikosiltransferase lainnya adalah berdasarkan donor molekulnya, yaitu: Glikosiltransferase tipe leloir, yang memerlukan residu gula nukleotida (contoh: UDP-glukosiltransferase) Glikosiltransferase non-leloir, yang menggunakan gula-1-fosfat (contoh: fosforilase) Transglikosidase, yang menggunakan sukrosa, laktosa, dan pati.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Glikosiltransferase (EC 2.4) adalah golongan enzim yang mampu menyintesis ikatan glikosidik pada molekul-molekul karbohidrat kompleks.","translated_text":"Glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4) is a class of enzymes capable of synthesizing glycosidic bonds on complex carbohydrate molecules.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini mengkatalis perpindahan gugus glikosil dari donor ke molekul target.","translated_text":"This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glycosyl groups from the donor to the target molecule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan bantuan glikosidase (EC 3.2), enzim ini mampu menyintesis oligosakarida.","translated_text":"With the help of glycosidase (EC 3.2), this enzyme is able to synthesize oligosaccharides.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":79,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sintesis oligosakarida dengan menggunakan enzim ini membutuhkan gula nukleotida atau gula fosfat sebagai substrat.","translated_text":"Synthesis of oligosaccharides using this enzyme requires nucleotide sugar or phosphate sugar as a substrate.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Sanz-Aparicio J, Hermoso JA, Martinez-Ripoll M, Lequerica JL, Polaina J. 1998. Crystal structure of beta-glucosidase A from ''Bacillus polymyxa'': Insights into the catalytic activity in family 1 glycosyl hydrolases. ''J Mol Biol'' 275:491–502.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jenis - jenis","translated_text":"The kind","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berdasarkan residu gula yang ditransfer, glikosiltransferase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan utama, yaitu: Heksosiltransferase (EC","translated_text":"Based on the transferred sugar residues, glycosyltransferase can be divided into 3 main groups, namely: Hexosyltransferase (EC).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"2.4.1) Pentosiltransferase (EC 2.4.2) Glikosiltransferase lainnya (2.4.99).","translated_text":"2.4.1) Pentosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2) Other glycosyltransferase (2.4.99).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":6,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":37,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":75,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penggolongan glikosiltransferase lainnya adalah berdasarkan donor molekulnya, yaitu: Glikosiltransferase tipe leloir, yang memerlukan residu gula nukleotida (contoh: UDP-glukosiltransferase) Glikosiltransferase non-leloir, yang menggunakan gula-1-fosfat (contoh: fosforilase) Transglikosidase, yang menggunakan sukrosa, laktosa, dan pati.","translated_text":"The other groupings of glycosyltransferases are based on their molecular donor, namely: leloir-type glycosyltransferase, which requires nucleotide sugar residues (e.g. UDP-glucosyltransferase) non-leloir glycosyltransferase, which uses sugar-1-phosphate (e.g. phosphorylase) transglycosidase, which uses sucrose, lactose, and starch.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":275,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":338,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Glikosiltransferase (EC 2.4) adalah golongan enzim yang mampu menyintesis ikatan glikosidik pada molekul-molekul karbohidrat kompleks.","translated_text":"Glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4) is a class of enzymes capable of synthesizing glycosidic bonds on complex carbohydrate molecules.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glikosiltransferase (EC 2.4) adalah golongan enzim yang mampu menyintesis ikatan glikosidik pada molekul-molekul karbohidrat kompleks. Enzim ini mengkatalis perpindahan gugus glikosil dari donor ke molekul target.","translated_text":"Glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4) is a class of enzymes capable of synthesizing glycosidic bonds on complex carbohydrate molecules. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glycosyl groups from the donor to the target molecule.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glikosiltransferase (EC 2.4) adalah golongan enzim yang mampu menyintesis ikatan glikosidik pada molekul-molekul karbohidrat kompleks. Enzim ini mengkatalis perpindahan gugus glikosil dari donor ke molekul target. Dengan bantuan glikosidase (EC 3.2), enzim ini mampu menyintesis oligosakarida.","translated_text":"Glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4) is a class of enzymes capable of synthesizing glycosidic bonds on complex carbohydrate molecules. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glycosyl groups from the donor to the target molecule. With the help of glycosidase (EC 3.2), this enzyme is able to synthesize oligosaccharides.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":293,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini mengkatalis perpindahan gugus glikosil dari donor ke molekul target. Dengan bantuan glikosidase (EC 3.2), enzim ini mampu menyintesis oligosakarida. Sintesis oligosakarida dengan menggunakan enzim ini membutuhkan gula nukleotida atau gula fosfat sebagai substrat.","translated_text":"This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glycosyl groups from the donor to the target molecule. With the help of glycosidase (EC 3.2), this enzyme is able to synthesize oligosaccharides. Synthesis of oligosaccharides using this enzyme requires nucleotide sugar or phosphate sugar as a substrate.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Sanz-Aparicio J, Hermoso JA, Martinez-Ripoll M, Lequerica JL, Polaina J. 1998. Crystal structure of beta-glucosidase A from ''Bacillus polymyxa'': Insights into the catalytic activity in family 1 glycosyl hydrolases. ''J Mol Biol'' 275:491–502.</ref>","char_index":273,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berdasarkan residu gula yang ditransfer, glikosiltransferase dapat dibagi menjadi 3 golongan utama, yaitu: Heksosiltransferase (EC 2.4.1) Pentosiltransferase (EC 2.4.2) Glikosiltransferase lainnya (2.4.99).","translated_text":"Based on the transferred sugar residues, glycosyltransferase can be divided into 3 main groups, namely: Hexosyltransferase (EC). 2.4.1) Pentosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2) Other glycosyltransferase (2.4.99).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penggolongan glikosiltransferase lainnya adalah berdasarkan donor molekulnya, yaitu: Glikosiltransferase tipe leloir, yang memerlukan residu gula nukleotida (contoh: UDP-glukosiltransferase) Glikosiltransferase non-leloir, yang menggunakan gula-1-fosfat (contoh: fosforilase) Transglikosidase, yang menggunakan sukrosa, laktosa, dan pati.","translated_text":"The other groupings of glycosyltransferases are based on their molecular donor, namely: leloir-type glycosyltransferase, which requires nucleotide sugar residues (e.g. UDP-glucosyltransferase) non-leloir glycosyltransferase, which uses sugar-1-phosphate (e.g. phosphorylase) transglycosidase, which uses sucrose, lactose, and starch.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":275,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 141-142. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":338,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Virus polio","wikicode":"{{infobox spesies}}\n\n'''Virus polio''' adalah [[virus]] yang termasuk dalam genus ''[[Enterovirus C]]'' dan [[familia|famili]] ''[[Picornaviridae]]''. Virus polio merupakan penyebab [[penyakit]] [[poliomielitis]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>\n\nVirus ini memiliki diameter ~30&nbsp;nm, tahan pada keadaan asam (pH 3 atau lebih rendah), dan berbentuk ekosahedral.<ref name=\"a\" /> [[Virion]] (partikel penyusun) virus polio terdiri dari empat [[protein]] kapsid yang berbeda, disebut VP1, VP2, VP3, dan VP4. [[Genom]] (materi genetik) dari virus polio terdiri dari [[RNA]] untai tunggal positif (+) yang berukuran 7441 [[nukleotida]].<ref name=\"a\" />\n\nPolio virus pertama kali diisolasikan pada tahun 1909 oleh [[Karl Landsteiner]] dan [[Erwin Popper]]. Pada tahun 1981, genom virus polio diterbitkan oleh dua tim riset berbeda — oleh [[Vincent Racaniello]] dan [[David Baltimore]] dari MIT,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Racaniello|first=V R|last2=Baltimore|first2=D|date=1981-8|title=Molecular cloning of poliovirus cDNA and determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC320284/|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=78|issue=8|pages=4887–4891|issn=0027-8424|pmid=6272282}}</ref> dan oleh [[Naomi Kitamura]] dan [[Eckard Wimmer]] dari [[Universitas Stony Brook]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wimmer|first=Eckard|last2=Anderson|first2=Carl W.|last3=Werf|first3=Sylvie van der|last4=Lee|first4=James J.|last5=Hanecak|first5=Ronnie|last6=Emilio A. Emini|last7=Dorner|first7=Andrew J.|last8=Adler|first8=Cheryl J.|last9=Larsen|first9=Glenn R.|date=1981-06|title=Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/291547a0|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=291|issue=5816|pages=547–553|doi=10.1038/291547a0|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>\n\nVirus polio diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga golongan berdasarkan sifat antigenik dari struktur [[protein]] penyusunnya.<ref name=\"b\"/> Virus ini menyebar melalui [[kontaminasi]] [[tinja]] pada [[makanan]] ataupun pasokan [[air]].<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref> Untuk bereplikasi, [[genom]] [[virus]] akan masuk ke dalam sel inang melalui [[endositosis]] sementara partikel virus lainnya dibuang.<ref name=\"b\"/> Reseptor untuk pengikatan virus ini terletak pada [[epitelium]] [[usus]] manusia.<ref name=\"b\"/> Apabila [[virus]] ini telah berhasil menginfeksi usus maka dapat terjadi kerusakan [[jaringan]] dan mengakibatkan [[diare]].<ref name=\"b\"/>\n\n== Siklus Replikasi ==\nVirus polio masuk sel manusia melalui ikatan dengan reseptor mirip imunoglobulin, CD155 (juga dikenal sepagai reseptor virus polio atau PVR) di permukaan sel.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossmann|first=Michael G.|last2=Kuhn|first2=Richard J.|last3=Wimmer|first3=Eckard|last4=Mukhopadhyay|first4=Suchetana|last5=Bowman|first5=Valorie D.|last6=Peng|first6=Xiaozhong|last7=Bator|first7=Carol M.|last8=Chipman|first8=Paul R.|last9=Mueller|first9=Steffen|date=2003-04-15|title=Complexes of Poliovirus Serotypes with Their Common Cellular Receptor, CD155|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|journal=Journal of Virology|language=en|volume=77|issue=8|pages=4827–4835|doi=10.1128/JVI.77.8.4827-4835.2003|issn=0022-538X|pmid=12663789|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Racaniello|first=Vincent R.|last2=Wimmer|first2=Eckard|last3=Mendelsohn|first3=Cathy L.|date=1989-03-10|title=Cellular receptor for poliovirus: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily|url=https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/0092-8674(89)90690-9|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=56|issue=5|pages=855–865|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(89)90690-9|issn=0092-8674|pmid=2538245}}</ref> Interaksi antara virus polio dengan CD155 membuat perubahan konformasi partikel virus yang tidak bisa dibalik. Perubahan konformasi ini diperlukan supaya virus bisa memasuki sel.\n\nTerlampir dengan sel membran milik inang, pemasukan virus [[asam nukleat]] dianggap terjadi melalui satu dari dua cara — melalui pembuatan pori di [[Membran sel|membran plasma]], dimana RNA memasuki sitoplasma atau virus itu diserap melalui endositosis yang dibantu oleh reseptor.\n\nBukti eksperimental terbaru mendukung hipotesis bahwa virus polio yang berikatan dengan CD155 diserap melalui endositosis. Setelah partikel virus masuk, RNA virus dilepaskan.\n\nKarena virus polio adalah virus RNA untai tunggal positif, genom yang dilepaskan bisa langsung dipakai sebagai [[RNA duta]] yang selanjutnya ditranslasikan. Saat masuk, virus membajak mesin penerjemahan gen, menghambat sintesis protein sel supaya produksi protein virus ditingkatkan. Tidak seperti mRNA sel inang, ujung 5' dari RNA polio virus itu sangat panjang — sekitar 700 [[nukleotida]]. Bagian genom virus ini dikenal sebagai situs masuk ribosom internal (IRES) yang mengarahkan terjemahan virus RNA. Mutasi genetik di bagian ini bisa mencegah produksi protein virus. IRES pertama kali ditemukan di virus polio RNA.\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{Commons category-inline}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n\n\n{{Virus-stub}}\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q12438936}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enterovirus]]\n[[Kategori:Spesies virus]]\n[[Kategori:Polio]]","hash":"a95f6563a8ff54a2a11ac4c311f1ed8a79209363ad5579870f32bbbcf18fa323","last_revision":"2024-02-04T00:57:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:03:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.528974","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"فيروسة سنجابية","bn":"পোলিও ভাইরাস","bs":"Poliovirus","ca":"Poliovirus","cs":"Poliovirus","da":"Poliovirus","de":"Poliovirus","en":"Poliovirus","es":"Poliovirus","et":"Polioviirus","eu":"Poliobirus","fa":"پولیوویروس","fr":"Poliovirus","gl":"Poliovirus","he":"נגיף הפוליו","hi":"पोलियो वाइरस","hy":"Պոլիովիրուս","it":"Poliovirus","ja":"ポリオウイルス","ko":"폴리오바이러스","ml":"പോളിയോവൈറസ്","nl":"Poliovirus","oc":"Poliovirús","or":"ପୋଲିଓଭୂତାଣୁ","pt":"Poliovírus","ru":"Полиовирус","sl":"Virus otroške ohromelosti","sw":"Virusi vya Polio","ta":"போலியோ வைரஸ்","tr":"Poliovirüs","uk":"Поліовірус","vi":"Virus bại liệt","zh":"脊髓灰質炎病毒"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Virus polio adalah virus yang termasuk dalam genus Enterovirus C dan famili Picornaviridae. Virus polio merupakan penyebab penyakit poliomielitis.\n\nVirus ini memiliki diameter ~30 nm, tahan pada keadaan asam (pH 3 atau lebih rendah), dan berbentuk ekosahedral. Virion (partikel penyusun) virus polio terdiri dari empat protein kapsid yang berbeda, disebut VP1, VP2, VP3, dan VP4. Genom (materi genetik) dari virus polio terdiri dari RNA untai tunggal positif (+) yang berukuran 7441 nukleotida.\n\nPolio virus pertama kali diisolasikan pada tahun 1909 oleh Karl Landsteiner dan Erwin Popper. Pada tahun 1981, genom virus polio diterbitkan oleh dua tim riset berbeda — oleh Vincent Racaniello dan David Baltimore dari MIT, dan oleh Naomi Kitamura dan Eckard Wimmer dari Universitas Stony Brook.\n\nVirus polio diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga golongan berdasarkan sifat antigenik dari struktur protein penyusunnya. Virus ini menyebar melalui kontaminasi tinja pada makanan ataupun pasokan air. Untuk bereplikasi, genom virus akan masuk ke dalam sel inang melalui endositosis sementara partikel virus lainnya dibuang. Reseptor untuk pengikatan virus ini terletak pada epitelium usus manusia. Apabila virus ini telah berhasil menginfeksi usus maka dapat terjadi kerusakan jaringan dan mengakibatkan diare.\n\nVirus polio masuk sel manusia melalui ikatan dengan reseptor mirip imunoglobulin, CD155 (juga dikenal sepagai reseptor virus polio atau PVR) di permukaan sel. Interaksi antara virus polio dengan CD155 membuat perubahan konformasi partikel virus yang tidak bisa dibalik. Perubahan konformasi ini diperlukan supaya virus bisa memasuki sel.\n\nTerlampir dengan sel membran milik inang, pemasukan virus asam nukleat dianggap terjadi melalui satu dari dua cara — melalui pembuatan pori di membran plasma, dimana RNA memasuki sitoplasma atau virus itu diserap melalui endositosis yang dibantu oleh reseptor.\n\nBukti eksperimental terbaru mendukung hipotesis bahwa virus polio yang berikatan dengan CD155 diserap melalui endositosis. Setelah partikel virus masuk, RNA virus dilepaskan.\n\nKarena virus polio adalah virus RNA untai tunggal positif, genom yang dilepaskan bisa langsung dipakai sebagai RNA duta yang selanjutnya ditranslasikan. Saat masuk, virus membajak mesin penerjemahan gen, menghambat sintesis protein sel supaya produksi protein virus ditingkatkan. Tidak seperti mRNA sel inang, ujung 5' dari RNA polio virus itu sangat panjang — sekitar 700 nukleotida. Bagian genom virus ini dikenal sebagai situs masuk ribosom internal (IRES) yang mengarahkan terjemahan virus RNA. Mutasi genetik di bagian ini bisa mencegah produksi protein virus. IRES pertama kali ditemukan di virus polio RNA.\n\nKategori:Enterovirus Kategori:Spesies virus Kategori:Polio\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox spesies}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Virus polio adalah virus yang termasuk dalam genus Enterovirus C dan famili Picornaviridae.","translated_text":"The poliovirus is a virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus C and the family Picornaviridae.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virus polio merupakan penyebab penyakit poliomielitis.","translated_text":"The polio virus is the cause of polio.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>","char_index":54,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Virus ini memiliki diameter ~30 nm, tahan pada keadaan asam (pH 3 atau lebih rendah), dan berbentuk ekosahedral.","translated_text":"The virus has a diameter of ~30 nm, is acid-resistant (pH 3 or lower), and is ecosahedral in shape.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virion (partikel penyusun) virus polio terdiri dari empat protein kapsid yang berbeda, disebut VP1, VP2, VP3, dan VP4.","translated_text":"The virion (structuring particle) of the polio virus consists of four different capsid proteins, called VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Genom (materi genetik) dari virus polio terdiri dari RNA untai tunggal positif (+) yang berukuran 7441 nukleotida.","translated_text":"The genome (genetic material) of the polio virus consists of a single positive (+) strand RNA measuring 7441 nucleotides.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Polio virus pertama kali diisolasikan pada tahun 1909 oleh Karl Landsteiner dan Erwin Popper.","translated_text":"The poliovirus was first isolated in 1909 by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1981, genom virus polio diterbitkan oleh dua tim riset berbeda — oleh Vincent Racaniello dan David Baltimore dari MIT, dan oleh Naomi Kitamura dan Eckard Wimmer dari Universitas Stony Brook.","translated_text":"In 1981, the genome of the polio virus was published by two different research teams  ⁇  by Vincent Racaniello and David Baltimore of MIT, and by Naomi Kitamura and Eckard Wimmer of Stony Brook University.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Racaniello|first=V R|last2=Baltimore|first2=D|date=1981-8|title=Molecular cloning of poliovirus cDNA and determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC320284/|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=78|issue=8|pages=4887–4891|issn=0027-8424|pmid=6272282}}</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC320284/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.258173-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wimmer|first=Eckard|last2=Anderson|first2=Carl W.|last3=Werf|first3=Sylvie van der|last4=Lee|first4=James J.|last5=Hanecak|first5=Ronnie|last6=Emilio A. Emini|last7=Dorner|first7=Andrew J.|last8=Adler|first8=Cheryl J.|last9=Larsen|first9=Glenn R.|date=1981-06|title=Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/291547a0|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=291|issue=5816|pages=547–553|doi=10.1038/291547a0|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":null,"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/291547a0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=\"UTF-8\"","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":376468,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.430999-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7431640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Virus polio diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga golongan berdasarkan sifat antigenik dari struktur protein penyusunnya.","translated_text":"The poliovirus is classified into three groups based on the antigenic properties of its constituent protein structure.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virus ini menyebar melalui kontaminasi tinja pada makanan ataupun pasokan air.","translated_text":"The virus spreads through fecal contamination of food or water supplies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk bereplikasi, genom virus akan masuk ke dalam sel inang melalui endositosis sementara partikel virus lainnya dibuang.","translated_text":"To replicate, the genome of the virus enters the host cell through endosytosis while the other virus particles are removed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reseptor untuk pengikatan virus ini terletak pada epitelium usus manusia.","translated_text":"The receptors for binding this virus are located in the human intestinal epithelium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apabila virus ini telah berhasil menginfeksi usus maka dapat terjadi kerusakan jaringan dan mengakibatkan diare.","translated_text":"If the virus has successfully infected the intestines, it can cause tissue damage and lead to diarrhea.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Siklus Replikasi","translated_text":"Replication cycle","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Virus polio masuk sel manusia melalui ikatan dengan reseptor mirip imunoglobulin, CD155 (juga dikenal sepagai reseptor virus polio atau PVR) di permukaan sel.","translated_text":"The poliovirus enters human cells through binding to an immunoglobulin-like receptor, CD155 (also known as the poliovirus receptor or PVR) on the cell surface.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossmann|first=Michael G.|last2=Kuhn|first2=Richard J.|last3=Wimmer|first3=Eckard|last4=Mukhopadhyay|first4=Suchetana|last5=Bowman|first5=Valorie D.|last6=Peng|first6=Xiaozhong|last7=Bator|first7=Carol M.|last8=Chipman|first8=Paul R.|last9=Mueller|first9=Steffen|date=2003-04-15|title=Complexes of Poliovirus Serotypes with Their Common Cellular Receptor, CD155|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|journal=Journal of Virology|language=en|volume=77|issue=8|pages=4827–4835|doi=10.1128/JVI.77.8.4827-4835.2003|issn=0022-538X|pmid=12663789|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8283,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.934367-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossmann|first=Michael G.|last2=Kuhn|first2=Richard J.|last3=Wimmer|first3=Eckard|last4=Mukhopadhyay|first4=Suchetana|last5=Bowman|first5=Valorie D.|last6=Peng|first6=Xiaozhong|last7=Bator|first7=Carol M.|last8=Chipman|first8=Paul R.|last9=Mueller|first9=Steffen|date=2003-04-15|title=Complexes of Poliovirus Serotypes with Their Common Cellular Receptor, CD155|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|journal=Journal of Virology|language=en|volume=77|issue=8|pages=4827–4835|doi=10.1128/JVI.77.8.4827-4835.2003|issn=0022-538X|pmid=12663789|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.009591-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Racaniello|first=Vincent R.|last2=Wimmer|first2=Eckard|last3=Mendelsohn|first3=Cathy L.|date=1989-03-10|title=Cellular receptor for poliovirus: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily|url=https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/0092-8674(89)90690-9|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=56|issue=5|pages=855–865|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(89)90690-9|issn=0092-8674|pmid=2538245}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/0092-8674(89)90690-9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8352,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.078859-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Interaksi antara virus polio dengan CD155 membuat perubahan konformasi partikel virus yang tidak bisa dibalik.","translated_text":"The interaction between the polio virus and CD155 causes irreversible changes in the conformation of the virus particles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perubahan konformasi ini diperlukan supaya virus bisa memasuki sel.","translated_text":"These conformational changes are necessary for the virus to enter the cell.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terlampir dengan sel membran milik inang, pemasukan virus asam nukleat dianggap terjadi melalui satu dari dua cara — melalui pembuatan pori di membran plasma, dimana RNA memasuki sitoplasma atau virus itu diserap melalui endositosis yang dibantu oleh reseptor.","translated_text":"Attached to a host membrane cell, the entry of the nucleic acid virus is thought to occur through one of two ways  ⁇  through the formation of pores in the plasma membrane, where RNA enters the cytoplasm or the virus is absorbed through receptor-assisted endosytosis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bukti eksperimental terbaru mendukung hipotesis bahwa virus polio yang berikatan dengan CD155 diserap melalui endositosis.","translated_text":"Recent experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the polio virus that binds to CD155 is absorbed through endosytosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah partikel virus masuk, RNA virus dilepaskan.","translated_text":"Once the virus particles enter, the viral RNA is released.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena virus polio adalah virus RNA untai tunggal positif, genom yang dilepaskan bisa langsung dipakai sebagai RNA duta yang selanjutnya ditranslasikan.","translated_text":"Since the poliovirus is a single-stranded positive RNA virus, the genome released can be used directly as the ambassador RNA that is subsequently translated.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat masuk, virus membajak mesin penerjemahan gen, menghambat sintesis protein sel supaya produksi protein virus ditingkatkan.","translated_text":"When it enters, the virus hijacks the gene translation machine, inhibiting cell protein synthesis so that the protein production of the virus is increased.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak seperti mRNA sel inang, ujung 5' dari RNA polio virus itu sangat panjang — sekitar 700 nukleotida.","translated_text":"Unlike the mRNA of the host cell, the 5' end of the poliovirus RNA is very long  ⁇  about 700 nucleotides.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian genom virus ini dikenal sebagai situs masuk ribosom internal (IRES) yang mengarahkan terjemahan virus RNA.","translated_text":"This part of the genome of the virus is known as the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that directs RNA translation of the virus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mutasi genetik di bagian ini bisa mencegah produksi protein virus.","translated_text":"Genetic mutations in this part could prevent the production of viral proteins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IRES pertama kali ditemukan di virus polio RNA.","translated_text":"IRES was first detected in polio RNA viruses.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enterovirus Kategori:Spesies virus Kategori:Polio","translated_text":"Category:Enteroviruses Category:Species of viruses Category:Polio","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Virus polio adalah virus yang termasuk dalam genus Enterovirus C dan famili Picornaviridae. Virus polio merupakan penyebab penyakit poliomielitis.","translated_text":"The poliovirus is a virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus C and the family Picornaviridae. The polio virus is the cause of polio.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>","char_index":146,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus ini memiliki diameter ~30 nm, tahan pada keadaan asam (pH 3 atau lebih rendah), dan berbentuk ekosahedral.","translated_text":"The virus has a diameter of ~30 nm, is acid-resistant (pH 3 or lower), and is ecosahedral in shape.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus ini memiliki diameter ~30 nm, tahan pada keadaan asam (pH 3 atau lebih rendah), dan berbentuk ekosahedral. Virion (partikel penyusun) virus polio terdiri dari empat protein kapsid yang berbeda, disebut VP1, VP2, VP3, dan VP4. Genom (materi genetik) dari virus polio terdiri dari RNA untai tunggal positif (+) yang berukuran 7441 nukleotida.","translated_text":"The virus has a diameter of ~30 nm, is acid-resistant (pH 3 or lower), and is ecosahedral in shape. The virion (structuring particle) of the polio virus consists of four different capsid proteins, called VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. The genome (genetic material) of the polio virus consists of a single positive (+) strand RNA measuring 7441 nucleotides.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite book|last=Teri Shors|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Understanding viruses|year=2008|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-7637-2932-5}}Page.286</ref>","char_index":346,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Polio virus pertama kali diisolasikan pada tahun 1909 oleh Karl Landsteiner dan Erwin Popper. Pada tahun 1981, genom virus polio diterbitkan oleh dua tim riset berbeda — oleh Vincent Racaniello dan David Baltimore dari MIT, dan oleh Naomi Kitamura dan Eckard Wimmer dari Universitas Stony Brook.","translated_text":"The poliovirus was first isolated in 1909 by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper. In 1981, the genome of the polio virus was published by two different research teams  ⁇  by Vincent Racaniello and David Baltimore of MIT, and by Naomi Kitamura and Eckard Wimmer of Stony Brook University.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Racaniello|first=V R|last2=Baltimore|first2=D|date=1981-8|title=Molecular cloning of poliovirus cDNA and determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC320284/|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=78|issue=8|pages=4887–4891|issn=0027-8424|pmid=6272282}}</ref>","char_index":223,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC320284/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.258173-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wimmer|first=Eckard|last2=Anderson|first2=Carl W.|last3=Werf|first3=Sylvie van der|last4=Lee|first4=James J.|last5=Hanecak|first5=Ronnie|last6=Emilio A. Emini|last7=Dorner|first7=Andrew J.|last8=Adler|first8=Cheryl J.|last9=Larsen|first9=Glenn R.|date=1981-06|title=Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/291547a0|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=291|issue=5816|pages=547–553|doi=10.1038/291547a0|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>","char_index":295,"name":null,"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/291547a0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=\"UTF-8\"","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":376468,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:34.430999-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7431640625}]},{"text":"Virus polio diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga golongan berdasarkan sifat antigenik dari struktur protein penyusunnya.","translated_text":"The poliovirus is classified into three groups based on the antigenic properties of its constituent protein structure.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus polio diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga golongan berdasarkan sifat antigenik dari struktur protein penyusunnya. Virus ini menyebar melalui kontaminasi tinja pada makanan ataupun pasokan air.","translated_text":"The poliovirus is classified into three groups based on the antigenic properties of its constituent protein structure. The virus spreads through fecal contamination of food or water supplies.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":192,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus polio diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga golongan berdasarkan sifat antigenik dari struktur protein penyusunnya. Virus ini menyebar melalui kontaminasi tinja pada makanan ataupun pasokan air. Untuk bereplikasi, genom virus akan masuk ke dalam sel inang melalui endositosis sementara partikel virus lainnya dibuang.","translated_text":"The poliovirus is classified into three groups based on the antigenic properties of its constituent protein structure. The virus spreads through fecal contamination of food or water supplies. To replicate, the genome of the virus enters the host cell through endosytosis while the other virus particles are removed.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":315,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus ini menyebar melalui kontaminasi tinja pada makanan ataupun pasokan air. Untuk bereplikasi, genom virus akan masuk ke dalam sel inang melalui endositosis sementara partikel virus lainnya dibuang. Reseptor untuk pengikatan virus ini terletak pada epitelium usus manusia.","translated_text":"The virus spreads through fecal contamination of food or water supplies. To replicate, the genome of the virus enters the host cell through endosytosis while the other virus particles are removed. The receptors for binding this virus are located in the human intestinal epithelium.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":275,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk bereplikasi, genom virus akan masuk ke dalam sel inang melalui endositosis sementara partikel virus lainnya dibuang. Reseptor untuk pengikatan virus ini terletak pada epitelium usus manusia. Apabila virus ini telah berhasil menginfeksi usus maka dapat terjadi kerusakan jaringan dan mengakibatkan diare.","translated_text":"To replicate, the genome of the virus enters the host cell through endosytosis while the other virus particles are removed. The receptors for binding this virus are located in the human intestinal epithelium. If the virus has successfully infected the intestines, it can cause tissue damage and lead to diarrhea.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author = www.blackwellpublishing.com|year = 2003|month = |title = Replication Patterns of Specific Viruses|journal = |volume = |issue = |pages = |doi =|id = |url = http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf|format = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":309,"name":"b","url":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/wagner/015.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.706828-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus polio masuk sel manusia melalui ikatan dengan reseptor mirip imunoglobulin, CD155 (juga dikenal sepagai reseptor virus polio atau PVR) di permukaan sel.","translated_text":"The poliovirus enters human cells through binding to an immunoglobulin-like receptor, CD155 (also known as the poliovirus receptor or PVR) on the cell surface.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossmann|first=Michael G.|last2=Kuhn|first2=Richard J.|last3=Wimmer|first3=Eckard|last4=Mukhopadhyay|first4=Suchetana|last5=Bowman|first5=Valorie D.|last6=Peng|first6=Xiaozhong|last7=Bator|first7=Carol M.|last8=Chipman|first8=Paul R.|last9=Mueller|first9=Steffen|date=2003-04-15|title=Complexes of Poliovirus Serotypes with Their Common Cellular Receptor, CD155|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|journal=Journal of Virology|language=en|volume=77|issue=8|pages=4827–4835|doi=10.1128/JVI.77.8.4827-4835.2003|issn=0022-538X|pmid=12663789|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8283,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:35.934367-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossmann|first=Michael G.|last2=Kuhn|first2=Richard J.|last3=Wimmer|first3=Eckard|last4=Mukhopadhyay|first4=Suchetana|last5=Bowman|first5=Valorie D.|last6=Peng|first6=Xiaozhong|last7=Bator|first7=Carol M.|last8=Chipman|first8=Paul R.|last9=Mueller|first9=Steffen|date=2003-04-15|title=Complexes of Poliovirus Serotypes with Their Common Cellular Receptor, CD155|url=https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|journal=Journal of Virology|language=en|volume=77|issue=8|pages=4827–4835|doi=10.1128/JVI.77.8.4827-4835.2003|issn=0022-538X|pmid=12663789|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190419064910/https://jvi.asm.org/content/77/8/4827","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.009591-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Racaniello|first=Vincent R.|last2=Wimmer|first2=Eckard|last3=Mendelsohn|first3=Cathy L.|date=1989-03-10|title=Cellular receptor for poliovirus: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily|url=https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/0092-8674(89)90690-9|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=56|issue=5|pages=855–865|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(89)90690-9|issn=0092-8674|pmid=2538245}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/0092-8674(89)90690-9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8352,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.078859-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Bissu Usman.jpg","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description    = == Ringkasan ==\n== Sumber ==\n* [http://www.tamanismailmarzuki.com/tokoh/bissu.html]\n== Jenis lisensi ==\n{{FotoHistoris}}\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|location       = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}","hash":"94abbbf27f7107544e8b8743f022c5a30e2f982dbbe4a110a8a45b2633dd9bf0","last_revision":"2016-02-26T08:19:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:03:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.582646","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Glukoamilase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Starch helix.jpg|jmpl|80px|Struktur melekul pati, salah satu substrat utama glukoamilase.]]\n'''Glukoamilase''' (E.C 3.2.1.3) adalah salah satu [[enzim]] kelas 15 yang berperan dalam proses [[sakarifikasi]] [[pati]] (sejenis [[karbohidrat]]).<ref>Henrissat B, Bairoch A. 1996. Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases. ''Biochem J'' 316:695–696.</ref> Serupa dengan enzim [[beta-amilase]], glukoamilase dapat memecah struktur pati yang merupakan [[polisakarida]] kompleks berukuran besar menjadi molekul yang berukuran kecil.<ref name=book1/> Pada umumnya, enzim ini bekerja pada [[suhu]] 45-60&nbsp;°C dengan kisaran [[pH]] 4,5-5,0.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Mekanisme kerja ==\nGlukoamilase akan memotong ikatan alfa-1,4 pada molekul pati.<ref name=book1/> Enzim ini juga dapat memecah ikatan alfa-1,6, tetapi pada frekuensi yang lebih rendah.<ref name=book1/> Hasil utama pemecahannya adalah [[glukosa]], suatu bentuk sederhana dari molekul karbohidrat berjumlah atom C 6.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Sumber ==\nEnzim ini memiliki peranan yang cukup besar di dalam [[metabolisme]] [[energi]] di berbagai jenis [[organisme]].<ref name=book1/> Oleh karena itu, enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada beragam jenis [[tanaman]] dan [[mikroorganisme]], seperti ''[[Saccharomyces]]'', ''[[Endomycopsis]]'', ''[[Aspergillus]]'', ''[[Penicillium]]'', ''[[Mucor]]'', dan ''[[Clostridium]]''.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Amilase Gluko]]","hash":"9016c1a696df5f6c43a7e5a5b332ad54a15891642351c3b635a3e8f0e1badb57","last_revision":"2017-11-26T13:00:19Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:13:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.643172","cross_lingual_links":{"bs":"Spisak EC brojeva (EC 3)","en":"List of EC numbers (EC 3)","ko":"EC 번호 목록 (EC 3)","sh":"Lista EC brojeva (EC 3)","sr":"Spisak EC brojeva (EC 3)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Glukoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) adalah salah satu enzim kelas 15 yang berperan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat). Serupa dengan enzim beta-amilase, glukoamilase dapat memecah struktur pati yang merupakan polisakarida kompleks berukuran besar menjadi molekul yang berukuran kecil. Pada umumnya, enzim ini bekerja pada suhu 45-60 °C dengan kisaran pH 4,5-5,0.\n\nGlukoamilase akan memotong ikatan alfa-1,4 pada molekul pati. Enzim ini juga dapat memecah ikatan alfa-1,6, tetapi pada frekuensi yang lebih rendah. Hasil utama pemecahannya adalah glukosa, suatu bentuk sederhana dari molekul karbohidrat berjumlah atom C 6.\n\nEnzim ini memiliki peranan yang cukup besar di dalam metabolisme energi di berbagai jenis organisme. Oleh karena itu, enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada beragam jenis tanaman dan mikroorganisme, seperti Saccharomyces, Endomycopsis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, dan Clostridium.\n\nAmilase Gluko\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Glukoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) adalah salah satu enzim kelas 15 yang berperan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat).","translated_text":"Glucoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) is one of the class 15 enzymes involved in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Henrissat B, Bairoch A. 1996. Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases. ''Biochem J'' 316:695–696.</ref>","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Serupa dengan enzim beta-amilase, glukoamilase dapat memecah struktur pati yang merupakan polisakarida kompleks berukuran besar menjadi molekul yang berukuran kecil.","translated_text":"Similar to the beta-amylase enzyme, glucoamylase can break down the structure of a star that is a large-sized complex polysaccharide into small molecules.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":165,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada umumnya, enzim ini bekerja pada suhu 45-60 °C dengan kisaran pH 4,5-5,0.","translated_text":"In general, this enzyme works at temperatures of 45-60 °C with a pH range of 4.5-5.0.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mekanisme kerja","translated_text":"Mechanism of work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Glukoamilase akan memotong ikatan alfa-1,4 pada molekul pati.","translated_text":"Glucoamylase will cut the alpha-1.4 bonds on the star molecule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":61,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini juga dapat memecah ikatan alfa-1,6, tetapi pada frekuensi yang lebih rendah.","translated_text":"This enzyme can also break down alpha-1,6 bonds, but at a lower frequency.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil utama pemecahannya adalah glukosa, suatu bentuk sederhana dari molekul karbohidrat berjumlah atom C 6.","translated_text":"The main result of its breakdown is glucose, a simple form of a carbohydrate molecule with a C6 atomic number.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sumber","translated_text":"The Source","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki peranan yang cukup besar di dalam metabolisme energi di berbagai jenis organisme.","translated_text":"This enzyme plays a fairly large role in energy metabolism in various types of organisms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada beragam jenis tanaman dan mikroorganisme, seperti Saccharomyces, Endomycopsis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, dan Clostridium.","translated_text":"Therefore, this enzyme is abundantly found in a variety of plant and microorganism types, such as Saccharomyces, Endomycopsis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, and Clostridium.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":177,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Amilase Gluko","translated_text":"Amylase of glucose","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Glukoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) adalah salah satu enzim kelas 15 yang berperan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat).","translated_text":"Glucoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) is one of the class 15 enzymes involved in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Henrissat B, Bairoch A. 1996. Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases. ''Biochem J'' 316:695–696.</ref>","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glukoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) adalah salah satu enzim kelas 15 yang berperan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat). Serupa dengan enzim beta-amilase, glukoamilase dapat memecah struktur pati yang merupakan polisakarida kompleks berukuran besar menjadi molekul yang berukuran kecil.","translated_text":"Glucoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) is one of the class 15 enzymes involved in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate). Similar to the beta-amylase enzyme, glucoamylase can break down the structure of a star that is a large-sized complex polysaccharide into small molecules.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":293,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glukoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) adalah salah satu enzim kelas 15 yang berperan dalam proses sakarifikasi pati (sejenis karbohidrat). Serupa dengan enzim beta-amilase, glukoamilase dapat memecah struktur pati yang merupakan polisakarida kompleks berukuran besar menjadi molekul yang berukuran kecil. Pada umumnya, enzim ini bekerja pada suhu 45-60 °C dengan kisaran pH 4,5-5,0.","translated_text":"Glucoamilase (E.C 3.2.1.3) is one of the class 15 enzymes involved in the sacrifying process of starch (a type of carbohydrate). Similar to the beta-amylase enzyme, glucoamylase can break down the structure of a star that is a large-sized complex polysaccharide into small molecules. In general, this enzyme works at temperatures of 45-60 °C with a pH range of 4.5-5.0.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":371,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glukoamilase akan memotong ikatan alfa-1,4 pada molekul pati.","translated_text":"Glucoamylase will cut the alpha-1.4 bonds on the star molecule.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":61,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glukoamilase akan memotong ikatan alfa-1,4 pada molekul pati. Enzim ini juga dapat memecah ikatan alfa-1,6, tetapi pada frekuensi yang lebih rendah.","translated_text":"Glucoamylase will cut the alpha-1.4 bonds on the star molecule. This enzyme can also break down alpha-1,6 bonds, but at a lower frequency.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":148,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glukoamilase akan memotong ikatan alfa-1,4 pada molekul pati. Enzim ini juga dapat memecah ikatan alfa-1,6, tetapi pada frekuensi yang lebih rendah. Hasil utama pemecahannya adalah glukosa, suatu bentuk sederhana dari molekul karbohidrat berjumlah atom C 6.","translated_text":"Glucoamylase will cut the alpha-1.4 bonds on the star molecule. This enzyme can also break down alpha-1,6 bonds, but at a lower frequency. The main result of its breakdown is glucose, a simple form of a carbohydrate molecule with a C6 atomic number.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":257,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki peranan yang cukup besar di dalam metabolisme energi di berbagai jenis organisme.","translated_text":"This enzyme plays a fairly large role in energy metabolism in various types of organisms.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 24. 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+{"title":"Rd Sukarno","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Rendra Karno]]","hash":"c598eddaca124f2b65ab80bbda787042efa4b521eb5ea205315dddb007a34039","last_revision":"2010-06-13T09:23:59Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:23:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.756991","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Rendra Karno\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Rendra Karno","translated_text":"Rendra Karno's wife","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Absinthe","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Absinthe-glass.jpg|200px|jmpl|ka|Segelas Absinthe dan sendok Absinthe.]]\n\n'''Absinthe''' atau '''absinth''' adalah [[minuman beralkohol]] yang diberi perisa [[adas]] atau ''anise'' dan dibuat dari ''[[Artemisia absinthium]]'' atau ''wormwood''.<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Minuman ini dibuat dengan [[distilasi|mendistilasi]] alkohol dengan [[daun|daun-daunan]] seperti [[adas]], fennel, [[apsintus]], [[ketumbar]], [[daun dittany]], [[hisop]], [[arar]], dan [[pala]].<ref name=\"about\"/> .<ref name=\"absinthe\">{{en}} [http://www.greendevil.com/absinthe_history.html Absinthe History], “Green Devil''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Absinthe pertama kali dibuat pada [[1792]] oleh [[Pierre Ordinaire]] yaitu seorang [[dokter]] [[Prancis]] yang tinggal di [[Swiss]].<ref name=\"fever\">{{en}} [http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history History], “Absinthe Fever''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Pada awalnya, tujuan ia membuat minuman ini adalah sebagi obat karena apsintus dikenal dapat menyembuhkan penyakit.<ref name=\"fever\"/> Kandungan [[alkohol]] pada absinthe mencapai 68%.<ref name=\"about\"/> Karena kandungan alkoholnya yang tinggi dan telah menyebabkan efek yang berbahaya bagi peminumnya maka absinthe pernah dilarang di banyak negara selama beberapa tahun.<ref name=\"about\"/> Karena dilarang maka banyak orang yang mencoba membuat absinthe sendiri.<ref name=\"about\"/> Hal tersebut bahkan lebih berbahaya karena pembuatan absinthe yang tidak hati-hati dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi siapa pun yang meminumnya sebab penggunaan apsintus yang terlalu banyak dapat mengandung racun.<ref name=\"about\"/> Saat ini, absinthe sudah tidak lagi dilarang untuk dikonsumsi.<ref name=\"about\"/>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Absinthe}}\n\n[[Kategori:Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n\n{{minuman-stub}}","hash":"16626d0b557578e5d33d5bb04109fd32c106e03b8fde4a57f503f3137b7ac96e","last_revision":"2024-01-05T00:20:19Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:27:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.812655","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Absint","als":"Absinth","ar":"أفسنتين (مشروب)","arz":"الافسنتين","ast":"Absenta","be":"Абсент","be-x-old":"Абсэнт","bg":"Абсент","ca":"Absenta","cs":"Absint","cv":"Абсент","cy":"Absinth","da":"Absint","de":"Absinth","el":"Αψέντι","en":"Absinthe","eo":"Absinttrinkaĵo","es":"Absenta","et":"Absint","eu":"Absenta","fa":"ابسنت","fi":"Absintti","fr":"Absinthe (spiritueux)","ga":"Apsaint","gl":"Asente","he":"אבסינת","hr":"Apsint","hu":"Abszint","hy":"Աբսենտ","it":"Assenzio","ja":"アブサン","jv":"Absinthe","ka":"აბსენთი","kk":"Абсент (ішімдік)","ko":"압생트","la":"Spiritus absinthii","lb":"Absinth","lt":"Absentas","lv":"Absints","mk":"Апсинт","ml":"അബ്സാന്ത്","nl":"Absint","nn":"Absint","nb":"Absint","oc":"Absinti","pa":"ਅਬਸਿਨਤੀਨ","pl":"Absynt","pt":"Absinto","ro":"Absint","ru":"Абсент","rue":"Абсінт","scn":"Assenziu","simple":"Absinthe","sk":"Absint","sl":"Absint","sr":"Апсинт","sv":"Absint","th":"อัปแซ็งต์","tr":"Absent","uk":"Абсент","vi":"Absinthe","wuu":"苦艾酒","xmf":"აბსენტი","zh":"苦艾酒","zh-yue":"苦艾酒"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Absinthe atau absinth adalah minuman beralkohol yang diberi perisa adas atau anise dan dibuat dari Artemisia absinthium atau wormwood. Minuman ini dibuat dengan mendistilasi alkohol dengan daun-daunan seperti adas, fennel, apsintus, ketumbar, daun dittany, hisop, arar, dan pala. . Absinthe pertama kali dibuat pada 1792 oleh Pierre Ordinaire yaitu seorang dokter Prancis yang tinggal di Swiss. Pada awalnya, tujuan ia membuat minuman ini adalah sebagi obat karena apsintus dikenal dapat menyembuhkan penyakit. Kandungan alkohol pada absinthe mencapai 68%. Karena kandungan alkoholnya yang tinggi dan telah menyebabkan efek yang berbahaya bagi peminumnya maka absinthe pernah dilarang di banyak negara selama beberapa tahun. Karena dilarang maka banyak orang yang mencoba membuat absinthe sendiri. Hal tersebut bahkan lebih berbahaya karena pembuatan absinthe yang tidak hati-hati dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi siapa pun yang meminumnya sebab penggunaan apsintus yang terlalu banyak dapat mengandung racun. Saat ini, absinthe sudah tidak lagi dilarang untuk dikonsumsi.\n\nMinuman beralkohol\n\nKategori:Minuman beralkohol\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Absinthe atau absinth adalah minuman beralkohol yang diberi perisa adas atau anise dan dibuat dari Artemisia absinthium atau wormwood.","translated_text":"Absinthe or absinthe is an alcoholic beverage flavored with anise or anise and made from Artemisia absinthium or wormwood.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. 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Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":144,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375},{"content":"<ref name=\"absinthe\">{{en}} [http://www.greendevil.com/absinthe_history.html Absinthe History], “Green Devil''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":146,"name":"absinthe","url":"http://www.greendevil.com/absinthe_history.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.278251-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (20 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Absinthe pertama kali dibuat pada 1792 oleh Pierre Ordinaire yaitu seorang dokter Prancis yang tinggal di Swiss.","translated_text":"Absinthe was first made in 1792 by Pierre Ordinaire, a French physician living in Switzerland.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fever\">{{en}} [http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history History], ��Absinthe Fever''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"fever","url":"http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9935,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.538326-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, tujuan ia membuat minuman ini adalah sebagi obat karena apsintus dikenal dapat menyembuhkan penyakit.","translated_text":"Initially, the purpose of making this drink was as a medicine because apsintus was known to cure diseases.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fever\">{{en}} [http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history History], “Absinthe Fever''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"fever","url":"http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9935,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.538326-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kandungan alkohol pada absinthe mencapai 68%.","translated_text":"The alcohol content of absinthe is 68%.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":45,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena kandungan alkoholnya yang tinggi dan telah menyebabkan efek yang berbahaya bagi peminumnya maka absinthe pernah dilarang di banyak negara selama beberapa tahun.","translated_text":"Because of its high alcohol content and harmful effects on its drinkers, absinthe has been banned in many countries for several years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena dilarang maka banyak orang yang mencoba membuat absinthe sendiri.","translated_text":"Because it's forbidden, many people try to make absinthe themselves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal tersebut bahkan lebih berbahaya karena pembuatan absinthe yang tidak hati-hati dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi siapa pun yang meminumnya sebab penggunaan apsintus yang terlalu banyak dapat mengandung racun.","translated_text":"This is even more dangerous because careless manufacture of absinthe can lead to death for anyone who drinks it because excessive use of absinthe can contain toxins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":210,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini, absinthe sudah tidak lagi dilarang untuk dikonsumsi.","translated_text":"Today, absinthe is no longer forbidden to be consumed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":62,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Alcoholic drinks","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Category:Alcoholic beverages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Absinthe atau absinth adalah minuman beralkohol yang diberi perisa adas atau anise dan dibuat dari Artemisia absinthium atau wormwood.","translated_text":"Absinthe or absinthe is an alcoholic beverage flavored with anise or anise and made from Artemisia absinthium or wormwood.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375},{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}]},{"text":"Absinthe atau absinth adalah minuman beralkohol yang diberi perisa adas atau anise dan dibuat dari Artemisia absinthium atau wormwood. Minuman ini dibuat dengan mendistilasi alkohol dengan daun-daunan seperti adas, fennel, apsintus, ketumbar, daun dittany, hisop, arar, dan pala. .","translated_text":"Absinthe or absinthe is an alcoholic beverage flavored with anise or anise and made from Artemisia absinthium or wormwood. The drink is made by distilling alcohol with leaves such as maple, fennel, absinthe, citrus, ditty leaves, hyssop, ara, and pala. .","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":279,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375},{"content":"<ref name=\"absinthe\">{{en}} [http://www.greendevil.com/absinthe_history.html Absinthe History], “Green Devil''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":281,"name":"absinthe","url":"http://www.greendevil.com/absinthe_history.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.278251-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (20 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Absinthe atau absinth adalah minuman beralkohol yang diberi perisa adas atau anise dan dibuat dari Artemisia absinthium atau wormwood. Minuman ini dibuat dengan mendistilasi alkohol dengan daun-daunan seperti adas, fennel, apsintus, ketumbar, daun dittany, hisop, arar, dan pala. . Absinthe pertama kali dibuat pada 1792 oleh Pierre Ordinaire yaitu seorang dokter Prancis yang tinggal di Swiss.","translated_text":"Absinthe or absinthe is an alcoholic beverage flavored with anise or anise and made from Artemisia absinthium or wormwood. The drink is made by distilling alcohol with leaves such as maple, fennel, absinthe, citrus, ditty leaves, hyssop, ara, and pala. . Absinthe was first made in 1792 by Pierre Ordinaire, a French physician living in Switzerland.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fever\">{{en}} [http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history History], “Absinthe Fever''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":394,"name":"fever","url":"http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9935,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.538326-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Minuman ini dibuat dengan mendistilasi alkohol dengan daun-daunan seperti adas, fennel, apsintus, ketumbar, daun dittany, hisop, arar, dan pala. . Absinthe pertama kali dibuat pada 1792 oleh Pierre Ordinaire yaitu seorang dokter Prancis yang tinggal di Swiss. Pada awalnya, tujuan ia membuat minuman ini adalah sebagi obat karena apsintus dikenal dapat menyembuhkan penyakit.","translated_text":"The drink is made by distilling alcohol with leaves such as maple, fennel, absinthe, citrus, ditty leaves, hyssop, ara, and pala. . Absinthe was first made in 1792 by Pierre Ordinaire, a French physician living in Switzerland. Initially, the purpose of making this drink was as a medicine because apsintus was known to cure diseases.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fever\">{{en}} [http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history History], “Absinthe Fever''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":375,"name":"fever","url":"http://www.absinthefever.com/absinthe/history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9935,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.538326-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Absinthe pertama kali dibuat pada 1792 oleh Pierre Ordinaire yaitu seorang dokter Prancis yang tinggal di Swiss. Pada awalnya, tujuan ia membuat minuman ini adalah sebagi obat karena apsintus dikenal dapat menyembuhkan penyakit. Kandungan alkohol pada absinthe mencapai 68%.","translated_text":"Absinthe was first made in 1792 by Pierre Ordinaire, a French physician living in Switzerland. Initially, the purpose of making this drink was as a medicine because apsintus was known to cure diseases. The alcohol content of absinthe is 68%.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":274,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, tujuan ia membuat minuman ini adalah sebagi obat karena apsintus dikenal dapat menyembuhkan penyakit. Kandungan alkohol pada absinthe mencapai 68%. Karena kandungan alkoholnya yang tinggi dan telah menyebabkan efek yang berbahaya bagi peminumnya maka absinthe pernah dilarang di banyak negara selama beberapa tahun.","translated_text":"Initially, the purpose of making this drink was as a medicine because apsintus was known to cure diseases. The alcohol content of absinthe is 68%. Because of its high alcohol content and harmful effects on its drinkers, absinthe has been banned in many countries for several years.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":329,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}]},{"text":"Kandungan alkohol pada absinthe mencapai 68%. Karena kandungan alkoholnya yang tinggi dan telah menyebabkan efek yang berbahaya bagi peminumnya maka absinthe pernah dilarang di banyak negara selama beberapa tahun. Karena dilarang maka banyak orang yang mencoba membuat absinthe sendiri.","translated_text":"The alcohol content of absinthe is 68%. Because of its high alcohol content and harmful effects on its drinkers, absinthe has been banned in many countries for several years. Because it's forbidden, many people try to make absinthe themselves.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":286,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}]},{"text":"Karena kandungan alkoholnya yang tinggi dan telah menyebabkan efek yang berbahaya bagi peminumnya maka absinthe pernah dilarang di banyak negara selama beberapa tahun. Karena dilarang maka banyak orang yang mencoba membuat absinthe sendiri. Hal tersebut bahkan lebih berbahaya karena pembuatan absinthe yang tidak hati-hati dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi siapa pun yang meminumnya sebab penggunaan apsintus yang terlalu banyak dapat mengandung racun.","translated_text":"Because of its high alcohol content and harmful effects on its drinkers, absinthe has been banned in many countries for several years. Because it's forbidden, many people try to make absinthe themselves. This is even more dangerous because careless manufacture of absinthe can lead to death for anyone who drinks it because excessive use of absinthe can contain toxins.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":451,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}]},{"text":"Karena dilarang maka banyak orang yang mencoba membuat absinthe sendiri. Hal tersebut bahkan lebih berbahaya karena pembuatan absinthe yang tidak hati-hati dapat menyebabkan kematian bagi siapa pun yang meminumnya sebab penggunaan apsintus yang terlalu banyak dapat mengandung racun. Saat ini, absinthe sudah tidak lagi dilarang untuk dikonsumsi.","translated_text":"Because it's forbidden, many people try to make absinthe themselves. This is even more dangerous because careless manufacture of absinthe can lead to death for anyone who drinks it because excessive use of absinthe can contain toxins. Today, absinthe is no longer forbidden to be consumed.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"about\">{{en}} [http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm Absinthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025163822/http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm |date=2009-10-25 }}, “About.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":346,"name":"about","url":"http://cocktails.about.com/od/liqueurscordials/g/absinthe.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112819,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.143878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0980224609375}]}]}
+{"title":"Glukosa oksidase","wikicode":"[[Berkas: 1gpe.jpg|jmpl|Glucose oxidase dimer, Penicillium amagasakiense.]]\n'''Gluko-oksidase''' (glukosidase, beta-D-glukosa:oksigen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) merupakan sejenis flavo[[protein]] yang mengkatalis reaksi [[oksidasi]] dari beta-D-glukosa oleh molekul [[oksigen]] (O<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Hasil oksidasi ini adalah [[glukonolakton]] dan [[hidrogen peroksida]] (H<sup>2</sup>O<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=book1/> Pada tahap selanjutnya, senyawa glukonolakton ini akan dihidrolisis menjadi [[asam glukonat]].<ref name=book1/> Secara garis besar, [[enzim]] ini akan menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida dalam setiap reaksi yang dijalankannya. Kategori umum untuk enzim yang menjalankan reaksi tersebut adalah [[katalase]].<ref name=book1/>\n\nSumber utama [[enzim]] ini adalah ''[[Penicillium amagasakiensi]]'', P. notatum, P.funiculosum, P. piceum, dan ''[[Aspergillus niger]]''.<ref>Crueger A, Crueger W. 1990. Glucose transforming enzyme. Dalam: ''Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology'' (Fogarty WM, Kelly CT Eds.). London: Elsevier Applied Science. Halaman: 177–226.</ref><ref>Leiter É, Marx F, Pusztahelyi T, Haas H, Pócsi I. 2004. ''Penicillium chrysogenum'' glucose oxidase - a study on its antifungal effects. ''J Appl Microbiol'' 97:1201–1209.</ref> Glukosa oksidase yang diperoleh dari P. amagasakiense dan A. niger ini banyak digunakan dalam industri.<ref>Crueger A, Crueger W. 1990. Glucose transforming enzyme. Dalam: ''Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology'' (Fogarty WM, Kelly CT Eds.). London: Elsevier Applied Science. Halaman: 177–226.</ref> Enzim tersebut merupakan homodimer [[glikoprotein]] dengan [[massa]] [[molekul]] 160 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]]. Enzim ini memerlukan senyawa [[FAD]] sebagai [[kofaktor]]nya.<ref>Wohlfahrt G, Witt S, Hendle J, Schomburg D, Kalisz HM, Hecht HJ. 1999. 1.8 and 1.9 Å resolution structures of the ''Penicillium amagasakiense'' and ''Aspergillus niger'' glucose oxidases as a basis for modelling substrate complexes. ''Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr'' 55:969–977.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"abc1ddbfb8bea01f234f26d7a3ea86ee1c6895de9b4b4beec696b1d84abe4ef0","last_revision":"2018-12-06T00:53:48Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:27:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.875385","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أكسيداز الغلوكوز","de":"Glucose-Oxidase","en":"Glucose oxidase","es":"Glucosa oxidasa","fa":"گلوکز اکسیداز","fi":"Glukoosioksidaasi","fr":"Glucose oxydase","it":"Glucosio ossidasi","ja":"グルコースオキシダーゼ","pl":"Oksydaza glukozowa","pt":"Glicose oxidase","ru":"Глюкозооксидаза","sh":"Glukoza oksidaza","sr":"Glukoza oksidaza"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Gluko-oksidase (glukosidase, beta-D-glukosa:oksigen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) merupakan sejenis flavoprotein yang mengkatalis reaksi oksidasi dari beta-D-glukosa oleh molekul oksigen (O²). Hasil oksidasi ini adalah glukonolakton dan hidrogen peroksida (H²O²). Pada tahap selanjutnya, senyawa glukonolakton ini akan dihidrolisis menjadi asam glukonat. Secara garis besar, enzim ini akan menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida dalam setiap reaksi yang dijalankannya. Kategori umum untuk enzim yang menjalankan reaksi tersebut adalah katalase.\n\nSumber utama enzim ini adalah Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P.funiculosum, P. piceum, dan Aspergillus niger. Glukosa oksidase yang diperoleh dari P. amagasakiense dan A. niger ini banyak digunakan dalam industri. Enzim tersebut merupakan homodimer glikoprotein dengan massa molekul 160 kDa. Enzim ini memerlukan senyawa FAD sebagai kofaktornya.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gluko","translated_text":"Gluco","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-oksidase (glukosidase, beta-D-glukosa:oksigen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) merupakan sejenis flavoprotein yang mengkatalis reaksi oksidasi dari beta-D-glukosa oleh molekul oksigen (O²).","translated_text":"-oxidase (glucosidase, beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) is a type of flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation reaction of beta-D-glucose by oxygen molecules (O2).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":185,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil oksidasi ini adalah glukonolakton dan hidrogen peroksida (H²O²).","translated_text":"The result of this oxidation is gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahap selanjutnya, senyawa glukonolakton ini akan dihidrolisis menjadi asam glukonat.","translated_text":"At the next stage, this gluconolactone compound is hydrolysed into gluconate acid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara garis besar, enzim ini akan menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida dalam setiap reaksi yang dijalankannya.","translated_text":"Overall, this enzyme will produce hydrogen peroxide in every reaction it runs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kategori umum untuk enzim yang menjalankan reaksi tersebut adalah katalase.","translated_text":"A general category for the enzymes that run such reactions is catalase.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":75,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P.funiculosum, P. piceum, dan Aspergillus niger.","translated_text":"The main sources of this enzyme are Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P. funiculosum, P. piceum, and Aspergillus niger.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Crueger A, Crueger W. 1990. Glucose transforming enzyme. Dalam: ''Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology'' (Fogarty WM, Kelly CT Eds.). London: Elsevier Applied Science. Halaman: 177–226.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Leiter É, Marx F, Pusztahelyi T, Haas H, Pócsi I. 2004. ''Penicillium chrysogenum'' glucose oxidase - a study on its antifungal effects. ''J Appl Microbiol'' 97:1201–1209.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Glukosa oksidase yang diperoleh dari P. amagasakiense dan A. niger ini banyak digunakan dalam industri.","translated_text":"The glucose oxidase obtained from P. amagasakiense and A. niger is widely used in industry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Crueger A, Crueger W. 1990. Glucose transforming enzyme. Dalam: ''Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology'' (Fogarty WM, Kelly CT Eds.). London: Elsevier Applied Science. Halaman: 177–226.</ref>","char_index":103,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim tersebut merupakan homodimer glikoprotein dengan massa molekul 160 kDa.","translated_text":"The enzyme is a homodimer glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 160 kDa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini memerlukan senyawa FAD sebagai kofaktornya.","translated_text":"This enzyme requires the compound FAD as its cofactor.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Wohlfahrt G, Witt S, Hendle J, Schomburg D, Kalisz HM, Hecht HJ. 1999. 1.8 and 1.9 Å resolution structures of the ''Penicillium amagasakiense'' and ''Aspergillus niger'' glucose oxidases as a basis for modelling substrate complexes. ''Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr'' 55:969–977.</ref>","char_index":53,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gluko -oksidase (glukosidase, beta-D-glukosa:oksigen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) merupakan sejenis flavoprotein yang mengkatalis reaksi oksidasi dari beta-D-glukosa oleh molekul oksigen (O²).","translated_text":"Gluco -oxidase (glucosidase, beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) is a type of flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation reaction of beta-D-glucose by oxygen molecules (O2).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":191,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gluko -oksidase (glukosidase, beta-D-glukosa:oksigen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) merupakan sejenis flavoprotein yang mengkatalis reaksi oksidasi dari beta-D-glukosa oleh molekul oksigen (O²). Hasil oksidasi ini adalah glukonolakton dan hidrogen peroksida (H²O²).","translated_text":"Gluco -oxidase (glucosidase, beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) is a type of flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation reaction of beta-D-glucose by oxygen molecules (O2). The result of this oxidation is gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":262,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-oksidase (glukosidase, beta-D-glukosa:oksigen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) merupakan sejenis flavoprotein yang mengkatalis reaksi oksidasi dari beta-D-glukosa oleh molekul oksigen (O²). Hasil oksidasi ini adalah glukonolakton dan hidrogen peroksida (H²O²). Pada tahap selanjutnya, senyawa glukonolakton ini akan dihidrolisis menjadi asam glukonat.","translated_text":"-oxidase (glucosidase, beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxireduktase, EC 1.1.3.4) is a type of flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation reaction of beta-D-glucose by oxygen molecules (O2). The result of this oxidation is gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). At the next stage, this gluconolactone compound is hydrolysed into gluconate acid.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":347,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahap selanjutnya, senyawa glukonolakton ini akan dihidrolisis menjadi asam glukonat. Secara garis besar, enzim ini akan menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida dalam setiap reaksi yang dijalankannya. Kategori umum untuk enzim yang menjalankan reaksi tersebut adalah katalase.","translated_text":"At the next stage, this gluconolactone compound is hydrolysed into gluconate acid. Overall, this enzyme will produce hydrogen peroxide in every reaction it runs. A general category for the enzymes that run such reactions is catalase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 441. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":273,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P.funiculosum, P. piceum, dan Aspergillus niger.","translated_text":"The main sources of this enzyme are Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P. funiculosum, P. piceum, and Aspergillus niger.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Crueger A, Crueger W. 1990. Glucose transforming enzyme. Dalam: ''Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology'' (Fogarty WM, Kelly CT Eds.). London: Elsevier Applied Science. Halaman: 177–226.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Leiter É, Marx F, Pusztahelyi T, Haas H, Pócsi I. 2004. ''Penicillium chrysogenum'' glucose oxidase - a study on its antifungal effects. ''J Appl Microbiol'' 97:1201–1209.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P.funiculosum, P. piceum, dan Aspergillus niger. Glukosa oksidase yang diperoleh dari P. amagasakiense dan A. niger ini banyak digunakan dalam industri.","translated_text":"The main sources of this enzyme are Penicillium amagasakiensi, P. notatum, P. funiculosum, P. piceum, and Aspergillus niger. The glucose oxidase obtained from P. amagasakiense and A. niger is widely used in industry.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Crueger A, Crueger W. 1990. Glucose transforming enzyme. Dalam: ''Microbial Enzymes and Biotechnology'' (Fogarty WM, Kelly CT Eds.). London: Elsevier Applied Science. Halaman: 177–226.</ref>","char_index":221,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glukosa oksidase yang diperoleh dari P. amagasakiense dan A. niger ini banyak digunakan dalam industri. Enzim tersebut merupakan homodimer glikoprotein dengan massa molekul 160 kDa. Enzim ini memerlukan senyawa FAD sebagai kofaktornya.","translated_text":"The glucose oxidase obtained from P. amagasakiense and A. niger is widely used in industry. The enzyme is a homodimer glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 160 kDa. This enzyme requires the compound FAD as its cofactor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Wohlfahrt G, Witt S, Hendle J, Schomburg D, Kalisz HM, Hecht HJ. 1999. 1.8 and 1.9 Å resolution structures of the ''Penicillium amagasakiense'' and ''Aspergillus niger'' glucose oxidases as a basis for modelling substrate complexes. ''Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr'' 55:969–977.</ref>","char_index":235,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Hermafroditus","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Hermafroditos]]","hash":"679c90580b2c4c04511361885d67b4f2cd47dea05395c948e856fe1e8a728e76","last_revision":"2010-06-13T09:34:17Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:34:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.929908","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Hermafroditos\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Hermafroditos","translated_text":"What about the Hermaphrodites?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Lakase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Laccase structure.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D enzim lakase.]]\n'''Lakase''' (benzendiol:oksigen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) merupakan [[enzim]] ekstraseluler yang menggunakan senyawa [[oksigen]] untuk menjalankan reaksi [[oksidasi]] berbagai senyawa aromatik dan nonaromatik.<ref>Thurston CF. 1994. The structure and function of fungal laccases. ''Microbiol'' 140:19–26.</ref> Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam kelas enzim oksidase yang memerlukan [[ion]] [[logam]].<ref name=\"Gianfreda L 1999\">Gianfreda L, Xu F, Bollag J. 1999. Laccases: a useful group of oxidoreductive enzymes. ''Bioremed J'' 3:1-25.</ref> Substrat utama lakase adalah senyawa-senyawa [[fenol]] dan reaksi oksidasi yang dijalani tidak akan menghasilkan senyawa [[hidrogen peroksida]].<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 461-462. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\n== Sumber ==\nEnzim lakase banyak ditemukan pada [[fungi]] ([[cendawan]]), seperti pada ''[[Basidiomycetes]]'', ''[[Ascomycetes]]'', dan ''[[Deutromycetes]]''.<ref name=\"Gianfreda L 1999\"/> Sumber lain dari enzim ini adalah [[tanaman]], [[serangga]], dan [[bakteri]], terutama [[prokariot]].<ref name=book1/> ''Acer pseudoplatanus'', ''[[Pinus]] taeda'', ''Aesculus parviflora'', dan ''Populus eruamericana'' merupakan jenis-jenis tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim lakase.<ref>Mayer AM, Staples RC. 2002. Laccase: new functions for an old enzymes. ''Phytochemistru'' 60:551-565.</ref> Sedikit berbeda dengan lakase pada fungi dan tanaman, lakase yang berhasil diisolasi dari serangga berupa [[polifenol]] oksidase.<ref>Parkinson NM, Conyers CM, Keen JN, MacNicoll AD, Smith I, Weaver RJ. 2003. cDNAs encoding large venom proteins from the parasitoid wasp ''Pimpla hypochondriaca'' identified by random sequence analysis. ''Comp Biochem Physiol C-Toxicol Pharmacol'' 134:513–520</ref> Contoh bakteri yang mampu memproduksi lakase adalah ''Axospirillum lipoderum'', ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', dan ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]''.<ref>Enguita FJ, Martins LO, Henriques AO, Carrondo MA. 2003. Crystal structure of a bacterial endospore coat component - A laccase with enhanced thermostability properties. ''J Biol Chem'' 278:19416–25.</ref><ref>Alexandre G, Zhulin IB. 2000. Laccases are widspread in bacteria. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 18:41–42.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"ae3e9b080ca2898e02c2870026a8e582147acae4c5693d9c49ed3c3ee04b9da2","last_revision":"2022-12-22T03:12:22Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:42:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:44.994634","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"لاكاز","bs":"Lakaza","de":"Laccase","en":"Laccase","es":"Lacasas","fa":"لاکاز","fi":"Lakkaasi","fr":"Laccase","it":"Laccasi","ja":"ラッカーゼ","nl":"Laccase","pt":"Lacase","ru":"Лакказа","sh":"Lakaza","sr":"Lakaza","sv":"Lackas","zh":"漆酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oksigen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) merupakan enzim ekstraseluler yang menggunakan senyawa oksigen untuk menjalankan reaksi oksidasi berbagai senyawa aromatik dan nonaromatik. Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam kelas enzim oksidase yang memerlukan ion logam. Substrat utama lakase adalah senyawa-senyawa fenol dan reaksi oksidasi yang dijalani tidak akan menghasilkan senyawa hidrogen peroksida.\n\nEnzim lakase banyak ditemukan pada fungi (cendawan), seperti pada Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, dan Deutromycetes. Sumber lain dari enzim ini adalah tanaman, serangga, dan bakteri, terutama prokariot. Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, dan Populus eruamericana merupakan jenis-jenis tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim lakase. Sedikit berbeda dengan lakase pada fungi dan tanaman, lakase yang berhasil diisolasi dari serangga berupa polifenol oksidase. Contoh bakteri yang mampu memproduksi lakase adalah Axospirillum lipoderum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dan Bacillus subtilis.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oksigen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) merupakan enzim ekstraseluler yang menggunakan senyawa oksigen untuk menjalankan reaksi oksidasi berbagai senyawa aromatik dan nonaromatik.","translated_text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oxygen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) is an extracellular enzyme that uses oxygen compounds to conduct oxidation reactions of various aromatic and nonaromatic compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Thurston CF. 1994. The structure and function of fungal laccases. ''Microbiol'' 140:19–26.</ref>","char_index":195,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam kelas enzim oksidase yang memerlukan ion logam.","translated_text":"This enzyme belongs to the class of oxidase enzymes that require metal ions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Gianfreda L 1999\">Gianfreda L, Xu F, Bollag J. 1999. Laccases: a useful group of oxidoreductive enzymes. ''Bioremed J'' 3:1-25.</ref>","char_index":75,"name":"Gianfreda L 1999","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Substrat utama lakase adalah senyawa-senyawa fenol dan reaksi oksidasi yang dijalani tidak akan menghasilkan senyawa hidrogen peroksida.","translated_text":"The main substrate of lacase is phenolic compounds and the oxidation reaction undergone will not produce hydrogen peroxide compounds.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 461-462. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sumber","translated_text":"The Source","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim lakase banyak ditemukan pada fungi (cendawan), seperti pada Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, dan Deutromycetes.","translated_text":"The enzyme lacase is abundant in fungi, such as Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Deutromycetes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Gianfreda L 1999\">Gianfreda L, Xu F, Bollag J. 1999. Laccases: a useful group of oxidoreductive enzymes. ''Bioremed J'' 3:1-25.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"Gianfreda L 1999","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sumber lain dari enzim ini adalah tanaman, serangga, dan bakteri, terutama prokariot.","translated_text":"Other sources of this enzyme are plants, insects, and bacteria, especially prokaryotes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 461-462. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":85,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, dan Populus eruamericana merupakan jenis-jenis tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim lakase.","translated_text":"Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, and Populus eruamericana are plant species that are capable of producing lacase enzymes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Mayer AM, Staples RC. 2002. Laccase: new functions for an old enzymes. ''Phytochemistru'' 60:551-565.</ref>","char_index":146,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedikit berbeda dengan lakase pada fungi dan tanaman, lakase yang berhasil diisolasi dari serangga berupa polifenol oksidase.","translated_text":"Unlike lacquer in fungi and plants, lacquer is successfully isolated from insects in the form of polyphenol oxidase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Parkinson NM, Conyers CM, Keen JN, MacNicoll AD, Smith I, Weaver RJ. 2003. cDNAs encoding large venom proteins from the parasitoid wasp ''Pimpla hypochondriaca'' identified by random sequence analysis. ''Comp Biochem Physiol C-Toxicol Pharmacol'' 134:513–520</ref>","char_index":125,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contoh bakteri yang mampu memproduksi lakase adalah Axospirillum lipoderum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dan Bacillus subtilis.","translated_text":"Examples of bacteria capable of producing lacase are Axospirillum lipoderum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus subtilis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Enguita FJ, Martins LO, Henriques AO, Carrondo MA. 2003. Crystal structure of a bacterial endospore coat component - A laccase with enhanced thermostability properties. ''J Biol Chem'' 278:19416–25.</ref>","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Alexandre G, Zhulin IB. 2000. Laccases are widspread in bacteria. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 18:41–42.</ref>","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oksigen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) merupakan enzim ekstraseluler yang menggunakan senyawa oksigen untuk menjalankan reaksi oksidasi berbagai senyawa aromatik dan nonaromatik.","translated_text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oxygen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) is an extracellular enzyme that uses oxygen compounds to conduct oxidation reactions of various aromatic and nonaromatic compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Thurston CF. 1994. The structure and function of fungal laccases. ''Microbiol'' 140:19–26.</ref>","char_index":195,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oksigen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) merupakan enzim ekstraseluler yang menggunakan senyawa oksigen untuk menjalankan reaksi oksidasi berbagai senyawa aromatik dan nonaromatik. Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam kelas enzim oksidase yang memerlukan ion logam.","translated_text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oxygen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) is an extracellular enzyme that uses oxygen compounds to conduct oxidation reactions of various aromatic and nonaromatic compounds. This enzyme belongs to the class of oxidase enzymes that require metal ions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Gianfreda L 1999\">Gianfreda L, Xu F, Bollag J. 1999. Laccases: a useful group of oxidoreductive enzymes. ''Bioremed J'' 3:1-25.</ref>","char_index":271,"name":"Gianfreda L 1999","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oksigen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) merupakan enzim ekstraseluler yang menggunakan senyawa oksigen untuk menjalankan reaksi oksidasi berbagai senyawa aromatik dan nonaromatik. Enzim ini termasuk ke dalam kelas enzim oksidase yang memerlukan ion logam. Substrat utama lakase adalah senyawa-senyawa fenol dan reaksi oksidasi yang dijalani tidak akan menghasilkan senyawa hidrogen peroksida.","translated_text":"Lakase (benzendiol:oxygen oxidoreduktase, EC 1.10.3.2) is an extracellular enzyme that uses oxygen compounds to conduct oxidation reactions of various aromatic and nonaromatic compounds. This enzyme belongs to the class of oxidase enzymes that require metal ions. The main substrate of lacase is phenolic compounds and the oxidation reaction undergone will not produce hydrogen peroxide compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 461-462. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":408,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim lakase banyak ditemukan pada fungi (cendawan), seperti pada Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, dan Deutromycetes.","translated_text":"The enzyme lacase is abundant in fungi, such as Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Deutromycetes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Gianfreda L 1999\">Gianfreda L, Xu F, Bollag J. 1999. Laccases: a useful group of oxidoreductive enzymes. ''Bioremed J'' 3:1-25.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"Gianfreda L 1999","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim lakase banyak ditemukan pada fungi (cendawan), seperti pada Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, dan Deutromycetes. Sumber lain dari enzim ini adalah tanaman, serangga, dan bakteri, terutama prokariot.","translated_text":"The enzyme lacase is abundant in fungi, such as Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Deutromycetes. Other sources of this enzyme are plants, insects, and bacteria, especially prokaryotes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 461-462. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":199,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim lakase banyak ditemukan pada fungi (cendawan), seperti pada Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, dan Deutromycetes. Sumber lain dari enzim ini adalah tanaman, serangga, dan bakteri, terutama prokariot. Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, dan Populus eruamericana merupakan jenis-jenis tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim lakase.","translated_text":"The enzyme lacase is abundant in fungi, such as Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Deutromycetes. Other sources of this enzyme are plants, insects, and bacteria, especially prokaryotes. Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, and Populus eruamericana are plant species that are capable of producing lacase enzymes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Mayer AM, Staples RC. 2002. Laccase: new functions for an old enzymes. ''Phytochemistru'' 60:551-565.</ref>","char_index":346,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sumber lain dari enzim ini adalah tanaman, serangga, dan bakteri, terutama prokariot. Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, dan Populus eruamericana merupakan jenis-jenis tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim lakase. Sedikit berbeda dengan lakase pada fungi dan tanaman, lakase yang berhasil diisolasi dari serangga berupa polifenol oksidase.","translated_text":"Other sources of this enzyme are plants, insects, and bacteria, especially prokaryotes. Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, and Populus eruamericana are plant species that are capable of producing lacase enzymes. Unlike lacquer in fungi and plants, lacquer is successfully isolated from insects in the form of polyphenol oxidase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Parkinson NM, Conyers CM, Keen JN, MacNicoll AD, Smith I, Weaver RJ. 2003. cDNAs encoding large venom proteins from the parasitoid wasp ''Pimpla hypochondriaca'' identified by random sequence analysis. ''Comp Biochem Physiol C-Toxicol Pharmacol'' 134:513–520</ref>","char_index":358,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, dan Populus eruamericana merupakan jenis-jenis tanaman yang mampu memproduksi enzim lakase. Sedikit berbeda dengan lakase pada fungi dan tanaman, lakase yang berhasil diisolasi dari serangga berupa polifenol oksidase. Contoh bakteri yang mampu memproduksi lakase adalah Axospirillum lipoderum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dan Bacillus subtilis.","translated_text":"Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus taeda, Aesculus parviflora, and Populus eruamericana are plant species that are capable of producing lacase enzymes. Unlike lacquer in fungi and plants, lacquer is successfully isolated from insects in the form of polyphenol oxidase. Examples of bacteria capable of producing lacase are Axospirillum lipoderum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus subtilis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Enguita FJ, Martins LO, Henriques AO, Carrondo MA. 2003. Crystal structure of a bacterial endospore coat component - A laccase with enhanced thermostability properties. ''J Biol Chem'' 278:19416–25.</ref>","char_index":399,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Alexandre G, Zhulin IB. 2000. Laccases are widspread in bacteria. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 18:41–42.</ref>","char_index":399,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Michael Hester","wikicode":"{{Infobox wasit sepak bola\n|name = Michael Hester\n|image =\n|fullname = Michael Hester\n|birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1972|05|02|df=y}}\n|birth_place         = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales|NSW]], [[Australia]]\n|height = {{height|m=1.81}}\n|warganegara = {{negaranama|Selandia Baru}}\n|fifalicense = [[2007]]\n|1im = {{timnas|Tahiti}} {{negara|Polinesia Prancis|10px}} 0 – 1 {{negara|Kaledonia Baru|10px}} {{timnas|Kaledonia Baru}} <br /> ([[Stadion Sepak Bola Nasional Samoa|Stadion Nasional]], [[Apia]], [[Samoa]], [[25 Agustus]] [[2007]])\n|otheroccupation = [[Perwira]] Angkatan Laut\n|league1 = [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Selandia Baru|NZFC]] <br /> [[Liga Utama New South Wales|Liga Utama NSW]] <br /> [[A-League]]\n|years1 = 2004 – ''kini'' <br /> 2004 – ''kini'' <br /> 2008 – ''kini''\n|role1 = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]] <br /> Wasit <br /> Wasit\n|internationalyears1 = [[2007]] – ''kini''\n|confederation1 = Berlisensi [[FIFA]]\n|internationalrole1 = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|FIFAyears = [[Sepak bola pada Olimpiade 2008|2008]] <br /> [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]\n|FIFAtournament = [[Sepak bola pada Olimpiade Musim Panas|Olimpiade]] <br /> [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA|Piala Konfederasi]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-17]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA]]\n|FIFAmatch = 2 <br /> [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009#Mesir v AS|1]] <br /> 5 <br /> ?\n|regionalyears = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania 2008|2008]]\n|regionaltournament = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games|S. Pacific Games]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania]]\n|regionalmatch = 5 <br /> [[Piala Oseania 2008#Kaledonia Baru v Vanuatu|1]]\n}}\n'''Michael Hester''' ({{lahirmati|[[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]|2|5|1972}})<ref name=Worldfb>{{cite web |url=http://idn.worldfootball.net/referee_summary/michael-hester/ |title=Michael Hester » Spiele als Schiedsrichter |publisher=worldfootball.net |accessdate=27-02-2014}}</ref> merupakan seorang [[wasit (sepak bola)|wasit]] yang berasal dari [[Selandia Baru]]. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun [[2001]].<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref> Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan seorang [[perwira]] Angkatan Laut Selandia Baru.\n\n== Turnamen ==\nMichael Hester telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni:\n* [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2007]]\n* [[Sepak bola pada Olimpiade 2008]]\n* [[Piala Oseania 2008]]\n* [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009]]\n* [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2009]]\n* [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{WorldReferee|1218}}\n* [http://idn.worldfootball.net/schiedsrichter_profil/michael-hester/ Entri] pada [http://idn.worldfootball.net WorldFootball.net]\n{{S-start}}\n{{Succession box\n|before = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2003|2003]]<br>[[Harry Attison]] <br> ({{flagicon|Vanuatu}} [[Federasi Sepak Bola Vanuatu|Vanuatu]])\n|after = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2011|2011]]<br>[[Chris Kerr (wasit)|Chris Kerr]] <br> ({{flagicon|Selandia Baru}} [[Sepak Bola Selandia Baru|Selandia Baru]])\n|title = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]] Pertandingan Final <br /> [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games|Cabang Olahraga Sepak Bola <br /> pada South Pacific Games]]\n|years = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2007|2007]]\n}}\n{{End}}\n{{lifetime|1972||Hester, Michael}}\n{{Wasit PD2010}}\n\n[[Kategori:Wasit sepak bola Selandia Baru]]\n\n\n{{wasit-stub}}","hash":"6f39cbb4ab55faedad4f862ce7575109b56f706ba9d06e157ba600ecb0bbffd1","last_revision":"2022-12-02T03:37:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:43:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.058630","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مايكل هستر","ca":"Michael Hester","da":"Michael Hester","de":"Michael Hester","en":"Michael Hester","es":"Michael Hester","fa":"مایکل هستر","fi":"Michael Hester","fr":"Michael Hester","hu":"Michael Hester","it":"Michael Hester","ko":"마이클 헤스터","mg":"Michael Hester","mr":"मायकेल हेस्टर","nl":"Michael Hester","nb":"Michael Hester","pl":"Michael Hester","pt":"Michael Hester","ru":"Хестер, Майкл","sv":"Michael Hester","tr":"Michael Hester","uk":"Майкл Гестер","zh":"迈克尔·赫斯特"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Michael Hester () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Selandia Baru. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2001. Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan seorang perwira Angkatan Laut Selandia Baru.\n\nMichael Hester telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni: Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2007 Sepak bola pada Olimpiade 2008 Piala Oseania 2008 Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n\nEntri pada WorldFootball.net\n\nKategori:Wasit sepak bola Selandia Baru\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox wasit sepak bola\n|name = Michael Hester\n|image =\n|fullname = Michael Hester\n|birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1972|05|02|df=y}}\n|birth_place         = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales|NSW]], [[Australia]]\n|height = {{height|m=1.81}}\n|warganegara = {{negaranama|Selandia Baru}}\n|fifalicense = [[2007]]\n|1im = {{timnas|Tahiti}} {{negara|Polinesia Prancis|10px}} 0 – 1 {{negara|Kaledonia Baru|10px}} {{timnas|Kaledonia Baru}} <br /> ([[Stadion Sepak Bola Nasional Samoa|Stadion Nasional]], [[Apia]], [[Samoa]], [[25 Agustus]] [[2007]])\n|otheroccupation = [[Perwira]] Angkatan Laut\n|league1 = [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Selandia Baru|NZFC]] <br /> [[Liga Utama New South Wales|Liga Utama NSW]] <br /> [[A-League]]\n|years1 = 2004 – ''kini'' <br /> 2004 – ''kini'' <br /> 2008 – ''kini''\n|role1 = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]] <br /> Wasit <br /> Wasit\n|internationalyears1 = [[2007]] – ''kini''\n|confederation1 = Berlisensi [[FIFA]]\n|internationalrole1 = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|FIFAyears = [[Sepak bola pada Olimpiade 2008|2008]] <br /> [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]\n|FIFAtournament = [[Sepak bola pada Olimpiade Musim Panas|Olimpiade]] <br /> [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA|Piala Konfederasi]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-17]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA]]\n|FIFAmatch = 2 <br /> [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009#Mesir v AS|1]] <br /> 5 <br /> ?\n|regionalyears = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania 2008|2008]]\n|regionaltournament = [[Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games|S. Pacific Games]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania]]\n|regionalmatch = 5 <br /> [[Piala Oseania 2008#Kaledonia Baru v Vanuatu|1]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Michael Hester () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Selandia Baru. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2001.","translated_text":"Michael Hester () is a New Zealand-born international referee who has been a referee since 2001.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Worldfb>{{cite web |url=http://idn.worldfootball.net/referee_summary/michael-hester/ |title=Michael Hester » Spiele als Schiedsrichter |publisher=worldfootball.net |accessdate=27-02-2014}}</ref>","char_index":17,"name":"Worldfb","url":"http://idn.worldfootball.net/referee_summary/michael-hester/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":46743,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.835541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.703125},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.468497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.490584-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan seorang perwira Angkatan Laut Selandia Baru.","translated_text":"In addition to being a referee, he was also an officer in the New Zealand Navy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Turnamen","translated_text":"Tournament","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Michael Hester telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni: Sepak bola pada South Pacific Games 2007 Sepak bola pada Olimpiade 2008 Piala Oseania 2008 Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia FIFA 2010","translated_text":"Michael Hester has led matches in several tournaments, namely: Football at the 2007 South Pacific Games Football at the 2008 Olympics Oceania Cup 2008 FIFA Confederations Cup 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup 2009 FIFA World Cup 2010","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Entri pada WorldFootball.net","translated_text":"Entries to WorldFootball.net","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Wasit sepak bola Selandia Baru","translated_text":"Visiting New Zealand football","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Michael Hester () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Selandia Baru. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2001.","translated_text":"Michael Hester () is a New Zealand-born international referee who has been a referee since 2001.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Worldfb>{{cite web |url=http://idn.worldfootball.net/referee_summary/michael-hester/ |title=Michael Hester » Spiele als Schiedsrichter |publisher=worldfootball.net |accessdate=27-02-2014}}</ref>","char_index":17,"name":"Worldfb","url":"http://idn.worldfootball.net/referee_summary/michael-hester/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":46743,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:36.835541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.703125},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.468497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.490584-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Metaloprotease","wikicode":"[[Berkas:PDB 1af0 EBI.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D metaloprotease.]]\n'''Metaloprotease''' ({{lang-en|metalloprotease, metallopeptidase, metalloproteinase, metallocarboxypeptidase}}) merupakan salah satu jenis [[enzim]] golongan [[hidrolase]] yang mampu memotong ikatan [[peptida]] dengan bantuan [[ion]] [[logam]] bivalen sebagai aktivatornya.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\nMetaloprotease terbagi menjadi dua klasifikasi yaitu:\n* Eksometalokarboksipeptidase (EC 3.4.17)\n* Endometalopeptidase (EC 3.4.24)\n\nSecara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis enzim yang tergolong dalam kelas enzim metaloprotease dan kebanyakan diantaranya diaktivasi oleh ion [[seng|Zn]].<ref>Rawlings ND, Tolle DP, Barrett AJ. 2004. MEROPS: the peptidase database. ''Nucleic Acids Res'' 32.</ref> Ion logam lainnya yang dapat digunakan sebagai aktivator adalah [[mangan]] (Mn), [[kobalt]] (Co), [[nikel]] (Ni), dan [[tembaga]] (Cu).<ref name=book1/> Ion-ion logam tersebut akan terikat kuat membentuk suatu kompleks enzim.<ref name=book1/> Beberapa [[asam amino]] menjadi perantara ikatan ini, antara lain [[histamin]], [[aspartat]], [[glutamat]], dan [[lisin]].<ref name=book1/> Enzim-enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada banyak [[mikroorganisme]], seperti ''Bacillus thermoproteolyticus'', ''Vibrio alginolyticus'', ''Thermus aquaticus'', ''Bacillus anthractis'', dan ''[[Escherichia coli]]''.<ref name=book1/> Beberapa jenis [[fungi]] juga mampu menghasilkan enzim metaloprotease, seperti ''[[Aspergillus niger]]'' dan ''[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]''.<ref>Barrett AJ, Rawlings ND, Woessner JF. 2004. Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes. Ed ke-2. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. Halaman 231.</ref>\n\n== Metaloproteinase matriks ==\n[[Metaloproteinase matriks]], atau MMP, sesuai dengan namanya, merupakan [[protease]] dengan aktivitas degradasi terhadap [[protein]] [[jaringan ikat]] seperti [[kolagen]], [[elastin]], [[proteoglikan]] dan [[laminin]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web\n| url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246078\n| title        = Control of Matrix Metalloproteinase Catalytic Activity\n| accessdate   = 2010-12-06\n| work         = Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington; Hyun-Jeong Ra dan William C. Parks\n}}</ref> Pada semua [[organisme]], MMP merupakan [[endopeptidase]] yang mengandung domain aktif [[seng|Zn]]<sup>2+</sup> dan terbagi ke dalam klasifikasi menurut struktur domain [[katalis|katalitik]]. Seperti, MMP metzincin dengan karakter berupa motif ikat Zn berupa 3-[[histidina]] dan [[methionina]]. Anggota MMP metzincin meliputi [[reprolisin]], [[seralisin]], [[astacin]], [[matriksin]] atau metaloproteinase matriks; MMP.\n\nMMP telah dikenal perannya dalam pertumbuhan [[sel kanker]] dan [[metastasis]],<ref>{{en}} {{cite web\n| url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990853\n| title        = New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression.\n| accessdate   = 2010-12-04\n| work         = Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco; Egeblad M, Werb Z.\n}}</ref> pada [[kanker payudara]], [[kanker usus besar|usus besar]], dan [[kanker pankreas|pankreas]],<ref>{{en}} {{cite web\n| url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639045\n| title        = Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2\n| accessdate   = 2010-12-07\n| work         = Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, Duke University; Kelly J. Gordon, Kellye C. Kirkbride, Tam How, dan Gerard C. Blobe\n| quote        = MMPs have been implicated in facilitating the invasion and metastasis of breast, colon and pancreatic cancers\n}}</ref> dan telah sering menjadi target terapi anti kanker,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web\n| url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923519\n| title        = Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations.\n| accessdate   = 2010-12-04\n| work         = Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California; Coussens LM, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM.\n}}</ref> oleh karena ekspresinya yang berlebih.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web\n| url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12908552\n| title        = Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor progression.\n| accessdate   = 2010-12-04\n| work         = Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo; Freije JM, Balbín M, Pendás AM, Sánchez LM, Puente XS, López-Otín C.\n}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Protease metalo]]","hash":"fe2d91236ec29e3392ea04d63267b4ff1a276cb70aed35e36941a3cd90ca2e98","last_revision":"2019-11-29T12:37:59Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:55:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.117219","cross_lingual_links":{"bs":"Metaloproteinaza","de":"Metalloproteasen","en":"Metalloproteinase","es":"Metaloproteinasa","fa":"متالوپروتئیناز","fr":"Métalloprotéinase","gl":"Metaloproteinase","he":"מטאלופרוטאז","it":"Metalloproteasi","ja":"金属プロテアーゼ","nl":"Metalloprotease","pt":"Metaloprotease","sr":"Metaloproteinaza","uk":"Металопротеази","zh":"金属蛋白酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Metaloprotease () merupakan salah satu jenis enzim golongan hidrolase yang mampu memotong ikatan peptida dengan bantuan ion logam bivalen sebagai aktivatornya.\n\nMetaloprotease terbagi menjadi dua klasifikasi yaitu: Eksometalokarboksipeptidase (EC 3.4.17) Endometalopeptidase (EC 3.4.24)\n\nSecara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis enzim yang tergolong dalam kelas enzim metaloprotease dan kebanyakan diantaranya diaktivasi oleh ion Zn. Ion logam lainnya yang dapat digunakan sebagai aktivator adalah mangan (Mn), kobalt (Co), nikel (Ni), dan tembaga (Cu). Ion-ion logam tersebut akan terikat kuat membentuk suatu kompleks enzim. Beberapa asam amino menjadi perantara ikatan ini, antara lain histamin, aspartat, glutamat, dan lisin. Enzim-enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada banyak mikroorganisme, seperti Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, dan Escherichia coli. Beberapa jenis fungi juga mampu menghasilkan enzim metaloprotease, seperti Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\n\nMetaloproteinase matriks, atau MMP, sesuai dengan namanya, merupakan protease dengan aktivitas degradasi terhadap protein jaringan ikat seperti kolagen, elastin, proteoglikan dan laminin. Pada semua organisme, MMP merupakan endopeptidase yang mengandung domain aktif Zn²⁺ dan terbagi ke dalam klasifikasi menurut struktur domain katalitik. Seperti, MMP metzincin dengan karakter berupa motif ikat Zn berupa 3-histidina dan methionina. Anggota MMP metzincin meliputi reprolisin, seralisin, astacin, matriksin atau metaloproteinase matriks; MMP.\n\nMMP telah dikenal perannya dalam pertumbuhan sel kanker dan metastasis, pada kanker payudara, usus besar, dan pankreas, dan telah sering menjadi target terapi anti kanker, oleh karena ekspresinya yang berlebih.\n\nProtease metalo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metaloprotease () merupakan salah satu jenis enzim golongan hidrolase yang mampu memotong ikatan peptida dengan bantuan ion logam bivalen sebagai aktivatornya.","translated_text":"Metaloprotease () is a type of hydrolase enzyme that is capable of cutting peptide bonds with the help of bivalent metal ions as its activator.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metaloprotease terbagi menjadi dua klasifikasi yaitu: Eksometalokarboksipeptidase (EC 3.4.17) Endometalopeptidase (EC 3.4.24)","translated_text":"Metaloproteases are divided into two classifications: exometalocarboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17) and endometalopeptidase (EC 3.4.24)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis enzim yang tergolong dalam kelas enzim metaloprotease dan kebanyakan diantaranya diaktivasi oleh ion Zn.","translated_text":"In total, there are 14 types of enzymes belonging to the class of metaloprotease enzymes and most of them are activated by Zn ions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Rawlings ND, Tolle DP, Barrett AJ. 2004. MEROPS: the peptidase database. ''Nucleic Acids Res'' 32.</ref>","char_index":142,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ion logam lainnya yang dapat digunakan sebagai aktivator adalah mangan (Mn), kobalt (Co), nikel (Ni), dan tembaga (Cu).","translated_text":"Other metallic ions that can be used as activators are manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":119,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ion","translated_text":"Ions","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-ion logam tersebut akan terikat kuat membentuk suatu kompleks enzim.","translated_text":"These metal ions will bind tightly to form an enzyme complex.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":69,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa asam amino menjadi perantara ikatan ini, antara lain histamin, aspartat, glutamat, dan lisin.","translated_text":"Some amino acids are intermediates in this binding, including histamine, aspartate, glutamate, and lysine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":102,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim","translated_text":"Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada banyak mikroorganisme, seperti Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, dan Escherichia coli.","translated_text":"This enzyme can be found in many microorganisms, such as Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, and Escherichia coli.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":176,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa jenis fungi juga mampu menghasilkan enzim metaloprotease, seperti Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","translated_text":"Some types of fungi are also capable of producing metaloprotease enzymes, such as Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Barrett AJ, Rawlings ND, Woessner JF. 2004. Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes. Ed ke-2. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. Halaman 231.</ref>","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Metaloproteinase matriks","translated_text":"Metaproteinase matrix","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metaloproteinase matriks, atau MMP, sesuai dengan namanya, merupakan protease dengan aktivitas degradasi terhadap protein jaringan ikat seperti kolagen, elastin, proteoglikan dan laminin.","translated_text":"Matrix metaloproteinase, or MMP, as its name suggests, is a protease with degradation activity against connective tissue proteins such as collagen, elastin, proteoglycan and laminin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246078 | title = Control of Matrix Metalloproteinase Catalytic Activity | accessdate = 2010-12-06 | work = Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington; Hyun-Jeong Ra dan William C. Parks }}</ref>","char_index":187,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246078","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.561374-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada semua organisme, MMP merupakan endopeptidase yang mengandung domain aktif Zn²⁺ dan terbagi ke dalam klasifikasi menurut struktur domain katalitik.","translated_text":"In all organisms, MMP is an endopeptidase containing the active domain Zn2+ and divided into classifications according to the catalytic domain structure.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti, MMP metzincin dengan karakter berupa motif ikat Zn berupa 3-histidina dan methionina.","translated_text":"For example, MMP is metzincin with a characteristic Zn bonding motif of 3-histidine and methionine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anggota MMP metzincin meliputi reprolisin, seralisin, astacin, matriksin atau metaloproteinase matriks; MMP.","translated_text":"MMP members of metzincin include reprolisin, seralisin, astacin, matrix matrix or metaloproteinase; MMP.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"MMP telah dikenal perannya dalam pertumbuhan sel kanker dan metastasis, pada kanker payudara, usus besar, dan pankreas, dan telah sering menjadi target terapi anti kanker, oleh karena ekspresinya yang berlebih.","translated_text":"MMP has been known to play a role in the growth of cancer cells and metastases, in breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and has often been a target of anti-cancer therapy, due to its excessive expression.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990853 | title = New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. | accessdate = 2010-12-04 | work = Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco; Egeblad M, Werb Z. }}</ref>","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990853","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":136824,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.731258-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75244140625},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639045 | title = Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2 | accessdate = 2010-12-07 | work = Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, Duke University; Kelly J. Gordon, Kellye C. Kirkbride, Tam How, dan Gerard C. Blobe | quote = MMPs have been implicated in facilitating the invasion and metastasis of breast, colon and pancreatic cancers }}</ref>","char_index":119,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639045","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:38.148706-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":"MMPs have been implicated in facilitating the invasion and metastasis of breast, colon and pancreatic cancers","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923519 | title = Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. | accessdate = 2010-12-04 | work = Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California; Coussens LM, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM. }}</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923519","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172539,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:38.306754-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.79443359375},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12908552 | title = Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor progression. | accessdate = 2010-12-04 | work = Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo; Freije JM, Balbín M, Pendás AM, Sánchez LM, Puente XS, López-Otín C. }}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12908552","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":144065,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:38.825646-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.87158203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protease metalo","translated_text":"Protease of metals","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Metaloprotease () merupakan salah satu jenis enzim golongan hidrolase yang mampu memotong ikatan peptida dengan bantuan ion logam bivalen sebagai aktivatornya.","translated_text":"Metaloprotease () is a type of hydrolase enzyme that is capable of cutting peptide bonds with the help of bivalent metal ions as its activator.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis enzim yang tergolong dalam kelas enzim metaloprotease dan kebanyakan diantaranya diaktivasi oleh ion Zn.","translated_text":"In total, there are 14 types of enzymes belonging to the class of metaloprotease enzymes and most of them are activated by Zn ions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Rawlings ND, Tolle DP, Barrett AJ. 2004. MEROPS: the peptidase database. ''Nucleic Acids Res'' 32.</ref>","char_index":142,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 14 jenis enzim yang tergolong dalam kelas enzim metaloprotease dan kebanyakan diantaranya diaktivasi oleh ion Zn. Ion logam lainnya yang dapat digunakan sebagai aktivator adalah mangan (Mn), kobalt (Co), nikel (Ni), dan tembaga (Cu).","translated_text":"In total, there are 14 types of enzymes belonging to the class of metaloprotease enzymes and most of them are activated by Zn ions. Other metallic ions that can be used as activators are manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":262,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ion logam lainnya yang dapat digunakan sebagai aktivator adalah mangan (Mn), kobalt (Co), nikel (Ni), dan tembaga (Cu). Ion -ion logam tersebut akan terikat kuat membentuk suatu kompleks enzim.","translated_text":"Other metallic ions that can be used as activators are manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu). Ions These metal ions will bind tightly to form an enzyme complex.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":193,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ion -ion logam tersebut akan terikat kuat membentuk suatu kompleks enzim. Beberapa asam amino menjadi perantara ikatan ini, antara lain histamin, aspartat, glutamat, dan lisin.","translated_text":"Ions These metal ions will bind tightly to form an enzyme complex. Some amino acids are intermediates in this binding, including histamine, aspartate, glutamate, and lysine.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":176,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa asam amino menjadi perantara ikatan ini, antara lain histamin, aspartat, glutamat, dan lisin. Enzim -enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada banyak mikroorganisme, seperti Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, dan Escherichia coli.","translated_text":"Some amino acids are intermediates in this binding, including histamine, aspartate, glutamate, and lysine. Enzymes This enzyme can be found in many microorganisms, such as Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, and Escherichia coli.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 221-222. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":285,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim -enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada banyak mikroorganisme, seperti Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, dan Escherichia coli. Beberapa jenis fungi juga mampu menghasilkan enzim metaloprotease, seperti Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","translated_text":"Enzymes This enzyme can be found in many microorganisms, such as Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus anthractis, and Escherichia coli. Some types of fungi are also capable of producing metaloprotease enzymes, such as Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Barrett AJ, Rawlings ND, Woessner JF. 2004. Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes. Ed ke-2. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. Halaman 231.</ref>","char_index":305,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metaloproteinase matriks, atau MMP, sesuai dengan namanya, merupakan protease dengan aktivitas degradasi terhadap protein jaringan ikat seperti kolagen, elastin, proteoglikan dan laminin.","translated_text":"Matrix metaloproteinase, or MMP, as its name suggests, is a protease with degradation activity against connective tissue proteins such as collagen, elastin, proteoglycan and laminin.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246078 | title = Control of Matrix Metalloproteinase Catalytic Activity | accessdate = 2010-12-06 | work = Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington; Hyun-Jeong Ra dan William C. Parks }}</ref>","char_index":187,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2246078","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.561374-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"MMP telah dikenal perannya dalam pertumbuhan sel kanker dan metastasis, pada kanker payudara, usus besar, dan pankreas, dan telah sering menjadi target terapi anti kanker, oleh karena ekspresinya yang berlebih.","translated_text":"MMP has been known to play a role in the growth of cancer cells and metastases, in breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and has often been a target of anti-cancer therapy, due to its excessive expression.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990853 | title = New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. | accessdate = 2010-12-04 | work = Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco; Egeblad M, Werb Z. }}</ref>","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11990853","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":136824,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.731258-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75244140625},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639045 | title = Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2 | accessdate = 2010-12-07 | work = Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, Duke University; Kelly J. Gordon, Kellye C. Kirkbride, Tam How, dan Gerard C. Blobe | quote = MMPs have been implicated in facilitating the invasion and metastasis of breast, colon and pancreatic cancers }}</ref>","char_index":119,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639045","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:38.148706-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":"MMPs have been implicated in facilitating the invasion and metastasis of breast, colon and pancreatic cancers","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923519 | title = Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. | accessdate = 2010-12-04 | work = Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, University of California; Coussens LM, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM. }}</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923519","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172539,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:38.306754-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.79443359375},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12908552 | title = Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor progression. | accessdate = 2010-12-04 | work = Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo; Freije JM, Balbín M, Pendás AM, Sánchez LM, Puente XS, López-Otín C. }}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12908552","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":144065,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:38.825646-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.87158203125}]}]}
+{"title":"Selamat Berjuang, Masku!","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!]]","hash":"18242c9297145cce293f39e0fac513339c2a038658c94258d2ed73c096eeb094","last_revision":"2010-06-13T09:55:34Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T09:55:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.171169","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!","translated_text":"Good luck with the fight, man!","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bifidobacterium","wikicode":"{{italic title}}\n{{Taxobox\n|image=Bifidobacterium adolescentis Gram.jpg\n|image_caption=Bifidobacterium adolescentis\n|regnum=[[Bacteria]]\n|phylum=[[Actinobacteria]]\n|classis=[[Actinobacteria]]\n|subclassis=[[Actinobacteridae]]\n|ordo=[[Bifidobacteriales]]\n|familia=[[Bifidobacteriaceae]]\n|genus='''''Bifidobacterium'''''\n|genus_authority=Orla-Jensen 1924\n|subdivision_ranks=Species\n|subdivision=\n\n''[[Bifidobacterium adolescentis|B. adolescentis]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium angulatum|B. angulatum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium animalis|B. animalis]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium asteroides|B. asteroides]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium bifidum|B. bifidum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium boum|B. boum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium breve|B. breve]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium catenulatum|B. catenulatum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium choerinum|B. choerinum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium coryneforme|B. coryneforme]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium cuniculi|B. cuniculi]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium denticolens|B. denticolens]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium dentium|B. dentium]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium gallicum|B. gallicum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium gallinarum|B. gallinarum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium indicum|B. indicum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium infantis|B. infantis]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium inopinatum|B. inopinatum]]''<br />\n(Untuk ''B. lactis'' lihat ''[[Bifidobacterium animalis|B. animalis]]'')<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium longum|B. longum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium magnum|B. magnum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium merycicum|B. merycicum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium minimum|B. minimum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum|B. pseudocatenulatum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium pseudolongum|B. pseudolongum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium pullorum|B. pullorum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium ruminantium|B. ruminantium]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium saeculare|B. saeculare]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium subtile|B. subtile]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium suis|B. suis]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum|B. thermacidophilum]]''<br />\n''[[Bifidobacterium thermophilum|B. thermophilum]]''\n}}\n\n'''''Bifidobacterium''''' adalah salah satu [[genus]] [[bakteri asam laktat]] yang hidup di dalam [[usus besar]] [[manusia]] dan [[hewan]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah [[gram-positif]], [[anaerobik]], non-motil (tidak bergerak), tidak membentuk [[spora]], berbentuk batang, dan memiliki persen G+C ([[guanosin]]-[[sitosin]]) yang tinggi (55-67%).<ref name=\"a\"/> Sel umumnya terlihat berpasangan membentuk [[huruf]] V atau Y.<ref name=\"a\"/> [[Suhu]] optimal untuk pertumbuhan ''Bifidobacterium'' adalah 37-41&nbsp;°C dan [[pH]] optimum antara 6,5-7.<ref name=\"a\"/> Dari 30 [[spesies]] ''Bifidobacterium'' yang ditemukan, beberapa di antaranya digunakan sebagai [[probiotik]], yaitu ''B. infantis'', ''B. lactis'', ''B. adolescentis'', ''B. bifidum'', ''B. breve'', ''B. longum'', ''B. animalis'', dan ''B. thermophilum''.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=S.R. Joshi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbes: Redefined Personality|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|location=|id=ISBN 978-81-313-0230-9}}Page.98-99</ref> [[Bakteri]] ini telah digunakan secara komersial sebagai [[probiotik]] dalam pembuatan [[yogurt]] dan produk olah [[susu]] lainnya.<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>\n\n== Sejarah ==\n''Bifidobacterium'' pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1899-1890 oleh Tissier dari feses (kotoran) bayi yang disusui ibunya.<ref name=\"satu\" /> Dia mendeskripsikan bakteri tersebut sebagai mikroorganisme berbentuk batang, tidak memproduksi gas, morfologi bifid, dan kemudian disebut sebagai ''Bacillus bifidus''.<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref> Penamaan ''Bifidobacterium'' telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan sejak pertama kali diisolasi. Bakteri ini pernah dimasukkan ke dalam genus Bacillus, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Lactobacillus, dan Corynebacterium, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1974, bakteri tersebut dipisahkan menjadi genus baru.<ref name=\"satu\" />\n\n== Karakteristik dan contoh ==\n''Bifidobacterium'' adalah organisme sakarolitik dan mampu menghasilkan asam laktat dan asam asetat tanpa CO<sub>2</sub>.<ref name=\"satu\" /> Semua ''Bifidobacterium'' yang diisolasi dari manusia dapat menggunakan sumber karbon berupa sukrosa, glukosa, galaktosa, dan laktosa.<ref name=\"satu\" /> Substrat fermentasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar spesies bakteri ini meliputi D-galakosamin, D-glukosamin, amilosa, dan amilopektin.<ref name=\"satu\" /> Untuk mengenai ''Bifidobacterium'', dapat digunakan uji untuk mengetahui keberadaan enzim fruktosa-6-fosfat fosfoketolase yang merupakan enzim kunci dari spesies tersebut.<ref name=\"satu\" /> Bakteri ini termasuk organisme fastidius (rewel), sehingga tidak dapat tumbuh di sembarang media.<ref name=\"satu\" /> Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan untuk menumbuhkan ''Bifidobacterium'' adalah agar MRS (de ''Man, Rogosa and Sharpe'').<ref name=\"satu\" />\n\n* ''Bifidobacterium breve''\n''B. breve'' ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah (meliputi sebagian besar usus kecil dan seluruh usus besar) pada bayi serta vagina orang dewasa.<ref name=\"tiga\" /> Spesies ini telah diteliti dapat menghalangi pertumbuhan ''E. coli'' sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi penderita diare akibat infeksi ''E. coli''.<ref name=\"tiga\" />\n\n* ''Bifidobacterium bifidum''\n''B. bifidum'' dominan terdapat pada membran mukus di sekitar usus besar dan saluran vagina.<ref name=\"tiga\" /> Spesies ini dimanfaatkan sebagai probiotik yang mampu meningkatkan asimilasi mineral yang penting untuk kesehatan tulang, contohnya besi, kalsium, magnesium, dan seng.<ref name=\"tiga\" />\n\n* ''Bifidobacterium infantis''\n''B. infantis'' merupakan probiotik yang penting dan sering ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah manusia.<ref name=\"tiga\" /> Spesies ini memengaruhi sistem imun karena mampu menstimulasi agen imunomodulasi seperti sitokinin dan memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap patogen seperti ''[[Clostridium]]'', ''[[Shigella]]'', dan ''[[Salmonella]]''.<ref name=\"tiga\" />\n\n* ''Bifidobacterium lactis''\n''B. lactis'' ditemukan dalam jumlah besar di usus besar manusia. Spesies ini bermanfaat bagi penderita eksem, serta dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan meningkatkan sel limfosit-T dan sel pembuluh alami (''natural kill cell'', NK).<ref name=\"tiga\" /> Bakteri ini sangat potensial sebagai probiotik karena tahan asam lambung dan garam empedu sehingga dapat sampai ke saluran pencernaan setelah dikonsumsi.<ref name=\"tiga\" />\n\n* ''Bifidobacterium longum''\n''B. longum'' memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang efektif untuk mengobati diare dan penyakit mewabah lainnya.<ref name=\"tiga\" /> Selain itu, spesies ini juga dapat menstimulasi sistem imun dan mencegah beberapa jenis kanker.<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>\n \n== Manfaat ==\nApabila tubuh memiliki ''Bifidobacterium'' dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka bakteri tersebut dapat menempel pada [[usus]] dan berkompetisi mendapatkan makanan dan tempat untuk hidup dengan organisme patogen lain, seperti ''[[Candida albicans]]''.<ref name=\"dua\" /> Patogen yang tidak dapat bertahan akan keluar dari dalam tubuh melalui saluran pencernaan.<ref name=\"dua\" /> ''Bifidobacterium'' juga dapat hidup di lokasi tanpa oksigen dan di lingkungan asam karena menghasilkan asam asetat dan asam laktat.<ref name=\"dua\" /> Tubuh akan terlindungi dari bakteri lain yang memerlukan oksigen atau lingkungan basa untuk hidup. Selain itu, bakteri ini juga memiliki beberapa manfaat positif bagi kesehatan manusia, seperti mampu menghasilkan beberapa vitamin B-kompleks yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh, membantu pengaturan diet bagi sebagian manusia yang menderita kondisi liver tertentu, dan mencegah bakteri yang mengubah nitrat (pada air dan makanan) menjadi nitrit, yang merupakan penyebab kanker.<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q132656}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bakteri]]","hash":"e59cb1d9f69f3ccbe51e29abe439d7088b0c19e934fb535916c7e74d54ebb2d6","last_revision":"2023-12-10T10:42:59Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T10:07:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.240204","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"شقاء (بكتيريا)","az":"Bifidobakteriyalar","ca":"Bifidobacteri","de":"Bifidobacterium","en":"Bifidobacterium","es":"Bifidobacterium","et":"Bifidobakter","eu":"Bifidobacterium","fa":"بیفیدوباکتر","fr":"Bifidobacterium","gl":"Bifidobacterium","he":"ביפידובקטריום","hy":"Բիֆիդոբակտերիա","it":"Bifidobacterium","ja":"ビフィズス菌","ka":"ბიფიდობაქტერიები","kk":"Бифидобактериялар","la":"Bifidobacterium","nl":"Bifidobacterium","pt":"Bifidobacterium","ru":"Бифидобактерии","tg":"Бифидобактерияҳо","tr":"Bifidobacterium","uk":"Біфідобактерії","uz":"Bifidobakteriyalar","vi":"Vi khuẩn bifidus","zh":"双歧杆菌属"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Bifidobacterium adalah salah satu genus bakteri asam laktat yang hidup di dalam usus besar manusia dan hewan. Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah gram-positif, anaerobik, non-motil (tidak bergerak), tidak membentuk spora, berbentuk batang, dan memiliki persen G+C (guanosin-sitosin) yang tinggi (55-67%). Sel umumnya terlihat berpasangan membentuk huruf V atau Y. Suhu optimal untuk pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium adalah 37-41 °C dan pH optimum antara 6,5-7. Dari 30 spesies Bifidobacterium yang ditemukan, beberapa di antaranya digunakan sebagai probiotik, yaitu B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalis, dan B. thermophilum. Bakteri ini telah digunakan secara komersial sebagai probiotik dalam pembuatan yogurt dan produk olah susu lainnya.\n\nBifidobacterium pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1899-1890 oleh Tissier dari feses (kotoran) bayi yang disusui ibunya. Dia mendeskripsikan bakteri tersebut sebagai mikroorganisme berbentuk batang, tidak memproduksi gas, morfologi bifid, dan kemudian disebut sebagai Bacillus bifidus. Penamaan Bifidobacterium telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan sejak pertama kali diisolasi. Bakteri ini pernah dimasukkan ke dalam genus Bacillus, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Lactobacillus, dan Corynebacterium, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1974, bakteri tersebut dipisahkan menjadi genus baru.\n\nBifidobacterium adalah organisme sakarolitik dan mampu menghasilkan asam laktat dan asam asetat tanpa CO₂. Semua Bifidobacterium yang diisolasi dari manusia dapat menggunakan sumber karbon berupa sukrosa, glukosa, galaktosa, dan laktosa. Substrat fermentasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar spesies bakteri ini meliputi D-galakosamin, D-glukosamin, amilosa, dan amilopektin. Untuk mengenai Bifidobacterium, dapat digunakan uji untuk mengetahui keberadaan enzim fruktosa-6-fosfat fosfoketolase yang merupakan enzim kunci dari spesies tersebut. Bakteri ini termasuk organisme fastidius (rewel), sehingga tidak dapat tumbuh di sembarang media. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan untuk menumbuhkan Bifidobacterium adalah agar MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe).\n\nBifidobacterium breve B. breve ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah (meliputi sebagian besar usus kecil dan seluruh usus besar) pada bayi serta vagina orang dewasa. Spesies ini telah diteliti dapat menghalangi pertumbuhan E. coli sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi penderita diare akibat infeksi E. coli.\n\nBifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum dominan terdapat pada membran mukus di sekitar usus besar dan saluran vagina. Spesies ini dimanfaatkan sebagai probiotik yang mampu meningkatkan asimilasi mineral yang penting untuk kesehatan tulang, contohnya besi, kalsium, magnesium, dan seng.\n\nBifidobacterium infantis B. infantis merupakan probiotik yang penting dan sering ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah manusia. Spesies ini memengaruhi sistem imun karena mampu menstimulasi agen imunomodulasi seperti sitokinin dan memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap patogen seperti Clostridium, Shigella, dan Salmonella.\n\nBifidobacterium lactis B. lactis ditemukan dalam jumlah besar di usus besar manusia. Spesies ini bermanfaat bagi penderita eksem, serta dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan meningkatkan sel limfosit-T dan sel pembuluh alami (natural kill cell, NK). Bakteri ini sangat potensial sebagai probiotik karena tahan asam lambung dan garam empedu sehingga dapat sampai ke saluran pencernaan setelah dikonsumsi.\n\nBifidobacterium longum B. longum memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang efektif untuk mengobati diare dan penyakit mewabah lainnya. Selain itu, spesies ini juga dapat menstimulasi sistem imun dan mencegah beberapa jenis kanker.\n\nApabila tubuh memiliki Bifidobacterium dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka bakteri tersebut dapat menempel pada usus dan berkompetisi mendapatkan makanan dan tempat untuk hidup dengan organisme patogen lain, seperti Candida albicans. Patogen yang tidak dapat bertahan akan keluar dari dalam tubuh melalui saluran pencernaan. Bifidobacterium juga dapat hidup di lokasi tanpa oksigen dan di lingkungan asam karena menghasilkan asam asetat dan asam laktat. Tubuh akan terlindungi dari bakteri lain yang memerlukan oksigen atau lingkungan basa untuk hidup. Selain itu, bakteri ini juga memiliki beberapa manfaat positif bagi kesehatan manusia, seperti mampu menghasilkan beberapa vitamin B-kompleks yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh, membantu pengaturan diet bagi sebagian manusia yang menderita kondisi liver tertentu, dan mencegah bakteri yang mengubah nitrat (pada air dan makanan) menjadi nitrit, yang merupakan penyebab kanker.\n\nKategori:Bakteri\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah salah satu genus bakteri asam laktat yang hidup di dalam usus besar manusia dan hewan.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a genus of lactic acid bacteria living in the large intestine of humans and animals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=S.R. Joshi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbes: Redefined Personality|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|location=|id=ISBN 978-81-313-0230-9}}Page.98-99</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah gram-positif, anaerobik, non-motil (tidak bergerak), tidak membentuk spora, berbentuk batang, dan memiliki persen G+C (guanosin-sitosin) yang tinggi (55-67%).","translated_text":"Some characteristics of these bacteria are gram-positive, anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, stem-shaped, and have a high G+C (guanosine-cytosine) percentage (55-67%).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":205,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sel umumnya terlihat berpasangan membentuk huruf V atau Y. Suhu optimal untuk pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium adalah 37-41 °C dan pH optimum antara 6,5-7. Dari 30 spesies Bifidobacterium yang ditemukan, beberapa di antaranya digunakan sebagai probiotik, yaitu B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalis, dan B. thermophilum.","translated_text":"Cells are generally seen in pairs forming the letters V or Y. The optimal temperature for growth of Bifidobacterium is 37-41 °C and the optimum pH is between 6.5-7. Of the 30 species of Bifidobacterium found, some of them are used as probiotics, namely B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalalis, and B. thermophilum.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":58,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=S.R. Joshi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbes: Redefined Personality|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|location=|id=ISBN 978-81-313-0230-9}}Page.98-99</ref>","char_index":363,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini telah digunakan secara komersial sebagai probiotik dalam pembuatan yogurt dan produk olah susu lainnya.","translated_text":"These bacteria have been used commercially as probiotics in the manufacture of yogurt and other dairy products.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1899-1890 oleh Tissier dari feses (kotoran) bayi yang disusui ibunya.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium was first isolated in 1899-1890 by Tissier from infant feces (dirt) breastfed by his mother.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":119,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia mendeskripsikan bakteri tersebut sebagai mikroorganisme berbentuk batang, tidak memproduksi gas, morfologi bifid, dan kemudian disebut sebagai Bacillus bifidus.","translated_text":"He described the bacteria as a rod-shaped, non-gas-producing microorganism, bifid morphology, and later called Bacillus bifidus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":164,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penamaan Bifidobacterium telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan sejak pertama kali diisolasi.","translated_text":"The name Bifidobacterium has changed several times since it was first isolated.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini pernah dimasukkan ke dalam genus Bacillus, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Lactobacillus, dan Corynebacterium, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1974, bakteri tersebut dipisahkan menjadi genus baru.","translated_text":"It was once included in the genera Bacillus, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Lactobacillus, and Corynebacterium, until it was finally separated into a new genus in 1974.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":194,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karakteristik dan contoh","translated_text":"Characteristics and examples","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah organisme sakarolitik dan mampu menghasilkan asam laktat dan asam asetat tanpa CO₂. Semua Bifidobacterium yang diisolasi dari manusia dapat menggunakan sumber karbon berupa sukrosa, glukosa, galaktosa, dan laktosa.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a sacarolitic organism capable of producing lactic acid and acetic acid without CO2. All bifidobacteria isolated from humans can use carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, galactose, and lactose.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":106,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":237,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Substrat fermentasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar spesies bakteri ini meliputi D-galakosamin, D-glukosamin, amilosa, dan amilopektin.","translated_text":"The fermentation substrates utilized by most of these bacterial species include D-galacosamine, D-glucosamine, amylose, and amylopectin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":141,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengenai Bifidobacterium, dapat digunakan uji untuk mengetahui keberadaan enzim fruktosa-6-fosfat fosfoketolase yang merupakan enzim kunci dari spesies tersebut.","translated_text":"For Bifidobacterium, tests can be used to determine the presence of the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphocetolase which is the key enzyme of the species.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini termasuk organisme fastidius (rewel), sehingga tidak dapat tumbuh di sembarang media.","translated_text":"These bacteria belong to the fastidius organism (rewel), so they cannot grow in any medium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan untuk menumbuhkan Bifidobacterium adalah agar MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe).","translated_text":"One medium that can be used to grow Bifidobacterium is agar MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":116,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium breve B. breve ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah (meliputi sebagian besar usus kecil dan seluruh usus besar) pada bayi serta vagina orang dewasa.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium breve B. breve is found in the lower intestinal tract (covering most of the small intestine and the entire large intestine) in infants as well as the adult vagina.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies ini telah diteliti dapat menghalangi pertumbuhan E. coli sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi penderita diare akibat infeksi E. coli.","translated_text":"This species has been studied to inhibit the growth of E. coli so it may be beneficial for people suffering from diarrhea due to E. coli infection.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":135,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum dominan terdapat pada membran mukus di sekitar usus besar dan saluran vagina.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum is predominantly found on the mucous membrane around the large intestine and vaginal tract.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies ini dimanfaatkan sebagai probiotik yang mampu meningkatkan asimilasi mineral yang penting untuk kesehatan tulang, contohnya besi, kalsium, magnesium, dan seng.","translated_text":"This species is used as a probiotic capable of increasing the assimilation of minerals important for bone health, for example iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium infantis B. infantis merupakan probiotik yang penting dan sering ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah manusia.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium infantis B. infantis is an important probiotic and is often found in the lower intestinal tract of humans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies ini memengaruhi sistem imun karena mampu menstimulasi agen imunomodulasi seperti sitokinin dan memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap patogen seperti Clostridium, Shigella, dan Salmonella.","translated_text":"The species affects the immune system because it is able to stimulate immunomodulating agents such as cytokines and has antibacterial effects against pathogens such as Clostridium, Shigella, and Salmonella.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":192,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium lactis B. lactis ditemukan dalam jumlah besar di usus besar manusia.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium lactis B. lactis is found in large numbers in the human large intestine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies ini bermanfaat bagi penderita eksem, serta dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan meningkatkan sel limfosit-T dan sel pembuluh alami (natural kill cell, NK).","translated_text":"This species is beneficial for people with eczema, and it can boost the body's immunity by boosting T-lymphocytes and natural kill cells (NK).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini sangat potensial sebagai probiotik karena tahan asam lambung dan garam empedu sehingga dapat sampai ke saluran pencernaan setelah dikonsumsi.","translated_text":"These bacteria have great potential as probiotics because they are resistant to stomach acid and bile salts so they can reach the digestive tract after consumption.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":153,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium longum B. longum memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang efektif untuk mengobati diare dan penyakit mewabah lainnya.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium longum B. longum has an effective antimicrobial activity in treating diarrhea and other infectious diseases.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, spesies ini juga dapat menstimulasi sistem imun dan mencegah beberapa jenis kanker.","translated_text":"In addition, this species can also stimulate the immune system and prevent some types of cancer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":95,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Manfaat","translated_text":"Benefits","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Apabila tubuh memiliki Bifidobacterium dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka bakteri tersebut dapat menempel pada usus dan berkompetisi mendapatkan makanan dan tempat untuk hidup dengan organisme patogen lain, seperti Candida albicans.","translated_text":"If the body has enough Bifidobacterium, the bacteria can stick to the gut and compete for food and a place to live with other pathogenic organisms, such as Candida albicans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":227,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Patogen yang tidak dapat bertahan akan keluar dari dalam tubuh melalui saluran pencernaan.","translated_text":"The unsustainable pathogen will leave the body through the digestive tract.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium juga dapat hidup di lokasi tanpa oksigen dan di lingkungan asam karena menghasilkan asam asetat dan asam laktat.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium can also live in locations without oxygen and in acidic environments because it produces acetic acid and lactic acid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tubuh akan terlindungi dari bakteri lain yang memerlukan oksigen atau lingkungan basa untuk hidup.","translated_text":"The body will be protected from other bacteria that require oxygen or a basic environment for life.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, bakteri ini juga memiliki beberapa manfaat positif bagi kesehatan manusia, seperti mampu menghasilkan beberapa vitamin B-kompleks yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh, membantu pengaturan diet bagi sebagian manusia yang menderita kondisi liver tertentu, dan mencegah bakteri yang mengubah nitrat (pada air dan makanan) menjadi nitrit, yang merupakan penyebab kanker.","translated_text":"In addition, these bacteria also have some positive benefits for human health, such as being able to produce some B-complex vitamins that are beneficial to the body, helping to regulate the diet for some humans suffering from certain liver conditions, and preventing bacteria that convert nitrates (in water and food) into nitrites, which is a cause of cancer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":368,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bakteri","translated_text":"Category:Bacteries","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah salah satu genus bakteri asam laktat yang hidup di dalam usus besar manusia dan hewan.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a genus of lactic acid bacteria living in the large intestine of humans and animals.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=S.R. Joshi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbes: Redefined Personality|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|location=|id=ISBN 978-81-313-0230-9}}Page.98-99</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah salah satu genus bakteri asam laktat yang hidup di dalam usus besar manusia dan hewan. Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah gram-positif, anaerobik, non-motil (tidak bergerak), tidak membentuk spora, berbentuk batang, dan memiliki persen G+C (guanosin-sitosin) yang tinggi (55-67%).","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a genus of lactic acid bacteria living in the large intestine of humans and animals. Some characteristics of these bacteria are gram-positive, anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, stem-shaped, and have a high G+C (guanosine-cytosine) percentage (55-67%).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":315,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah salah satu genus bakteri asam laktat yang hidup di dalam usus besar manusia dan hewan. Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah gram-positif, anaerobik, non-motil (tidak bergerak), tidak membentuk spora, berbentuk batang, dan memiliki persen G+C (guanosin-sitosin) yang tinggi (55-67%). Sel umumnya terlihat berpasangan membentuk huruf V atau Y. Suhu optimal untuk pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium adalah 37-41 °C dan pH optimum antara 6,5-7. Dari 30 spesies Bifidobacterium yang ditemukan, beberapa di antaranya digunakan sebagai probiotik, yaitu B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalis, dan B. thermophilum.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a genus of lactic acid bacteria living in the large intestine of humans and animals. Some characteristics of these bacteria are gram-positive, anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, stem-shaped, and have a high G+C (guanosine-cytosine) percentage (55-67%). Cells are generally seen in pairs forming the letters V or Y. The optimal temperature for growth of Bifidobacterium is 37-41 °C and the optimum pH is between 6.5-7. Of the 30 species of Bifidobacterium found, some of them are used as probiotics, namely B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalalis, and B. thermophilum.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":374,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":466,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=S.R. Joshi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbes: Redefined Personality|year=2007|publisher=APH Publishing Corporation|location=|id=ISBN 978-81-313-0230-9}}Page.98-99</ref>","char_index":679,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah gram-positif, anaerobik, non-motil (tidak bergerak), tidak membentuk spora, berbentuk batang, dan memiliki persen G+C (guanosin-sitosin) yang tinggi (55-67%). Sel umumnya terlihat berpasangan membentuk huruf V atau Y. Suhu optimal untuk pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium adalah 37-41 °C dan pH optimum antara 6,5-7. Dari 30 spesies Bifidobacterium yang ditemukan, beberapa di antaranya digunakan sebagai probiotik, yaitu B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalis, dan B. thermophilum. Bakteri ini telah digunakan secara komersial sebagai probiotik dalam pembuatan yogurt dan produk olah susu lainnya.","translated_text":"Some characteristics of these bacteria are gram-positive, anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, stem-shaped, and have a high G+C (guanosine-cytosine) percentage (55-67%). Cells are generally seen in pairs forming the letters V or Y. The optimal temperature for growth of Bifidobacterium is 37-41 °C and the optimum pH is between 6.5-7. Of the 30 species of Bifidobacterium found, some of them are used as probiotics, namely B. infantis, B. lactis, B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, B. animalalis, and B. thermophilum. These bacteria have been used commercially as probiotics in the manufacture of yogurt and other dairy products.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Robert Wayne Hutkins|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods|url=https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-0018-9}}Page.37-39</ref>","char_index":685,"name":"a","url":"https://archive.org/details/microbiologytech0000hutk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219772,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:39.199665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1899-1890 oleh Tissier dari feses (kotoran) bayi yang disusui ibunya.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium was first isolated in 1899-1890 by Tissier from infant feces (dirt) breastfed by his mother.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":119,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1899-1890 oleh Tissier dari feses (kotoran) bayi yang disusui ibunya. Dia mendeskripsikan bakteri tersebut sebagai mikroorganisme berbentuk batang, tidak memproduksi gas, morfologi bifid, dan kemudian disebut sebagai Bacillus bifidus.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium was first isolated in 1899-1890 by Tissier from infant feces (dirt) breastfed by his mother. He described the bacteria as a rod-shaped, non-gas-producing microorganism, bifid morphology, and later called Bacillus bifidus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":284,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia mendeskripsikan bakteri tersebut sebagai mikroorganisme berbentuk batang, tidak memproduksi gas, morfologi bifid, dan kemudian disebut sebagai Bacillus bifidus. Penamaan Bifidobacterium telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan sejak pertama kali diisolasi. Bakteri ini pernah dimasukkan ke dalam genus Bacillus, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Lactobacillus, dan Corynebacterium, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1974, bakteri tersebut dipisahkan menjadi genus baru.","translated_text":"He described the bacteria as a rod-shaped, non-gas-producing microorganism, bifid morphology, and later called Bacillus bifidus. The name Bifidobacterium has changed several times since it was first isolated. It was once included in the genera Bacillus, Bacteroides, Nocardia, Lactobacillus, and Corynebacterium, until it was finally separated into a new genus in 1974.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":454,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah organisme sakarolitik dan mampu menghasilkan asam laktat dan asam asetat tanpa CO₂. Semua Bifidobacterium yang diisolasi dari manusia dapat menggunakan sumber karbon berupa sukrosa, glukosa, galaktosa, dan laktosa.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a sacarolitic organism capable of producing lactic acid and acetic acid without CO2. All bifidobacteria isolated from humans can use carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, galactose, and lactose.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":106,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":237,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah organisme sakarolitik dan mampu menghasilkan asam laktat dan asam asetat tanpa CO₂. Semua Bifidobacterium yang diisolasi dari manusia dapat menggunakan sumber karbon berupa sukrosa, glukosa, galaktosa, dan laktosa. Substrat fermentasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar spesies bakteri ini meliputi D-galakosamin, D-glukosamin, amilosa, dan amilopektin.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a sacarolitic organism capable of producing lactic acid and acetic acid without CO2. All bifidobacteria isolated from humans can use carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, galactose, and lactose. The fermentation substrates utilized by most of these bacterial species include D-galacosamine, D-glucosamine, amylose, and amylopectin.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":379,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium adalah organisme sakarolitik dan mampu menghasilkan asam laktat dan asam asetat tanpa CO₂. Semua Bifidobacterium yang diisolasi dari manusia dapat menggunakan sumber karbon berupa sukrosa, glukosa, galaktosa, dan laktosa. Substrat fermentasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar spesies bakteri ini meliputi D-galakosamin, D-glukosamin, amilosa, dan amilopektin. Untuk mengenai Bifidobacterium, dapat digunakan uji untuk mengetahui keberadaan enzim fruktosa-6-fosfat fosfoketolase yang merupakan enzim kunci dari spesies tersebut.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium is a sacarolitic organism capable of producing lactic acid and acetic acid without CO2. All bifidobacteria isolated from humans can use carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, galactose, and lactose. The fermentation substrates utilized by most of these bacterial species include D-galacosamine, D-glucosamine, amylose, and amylopectin. For Bifidobacterium, tests can be used to determine the presence of the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphocetolase which is the key enzyme of the species.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":547,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Substrat fermentasi yang dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar spesies bakteri ini meliputi D-galakosamin, D-glukosamin, amilosa, dan amilopektin. Untuk mengenai Bifidobacterium, dapat digunakan uji untuk mengetahui keberadaan enzim fruktosa-6-fosfat fosfoketolase yang merupakan enzim kunci dari spesies tersebut. Bakteri ini termasuk organisme fastidius (rewel), sehingga tidak dapat tumbuh di sembarang media.","translated_text":"The fermentation substrates utilized by most of these bacterial species include D-galacosamine, D-glucosamine, amylose, and amylopectin. For Bifidobacterium, tests can be used to determine the presence of the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphocetolase which is the key enzyme of the species. These bacteria belong to the fastidius organism (rewel), so they cannot grow in any medium.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":407,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk mengenai Bifidobacterium, dapat digunakan uji untuk mengetahui keberadaan enzim fruktosa-6-fosfat fosfoketolase yang merupakan enzim kunci dari spesies tersebut. Bakteri ini termasuk organisme fastidius (rewel), sehingga tidak dapat tumbuh di sembarang media. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan untuk menumbuhkan Bifidobacterium adalah agar MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe).","translated_text":"For Bifidobacterium, tests can be used to determine the presence of the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphocetolase which is the key enzyme of the species. These bacteria belong to the fastidius organism (rewel), so they cannot grow in any medium. One medium that can be used to grow Bifidobacterium is agar MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"satu\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Ramesh C. Chandan, Charles H. White, Arun Kilara, Y. H. Hui PhD|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks|year=2006|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-8138-2304-1}}Page.344</ref>","char_index":382,"name":"satu","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium breve B. breve ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah (meliputi sebagian besar usus kecil dan seluruh usus besar) pada bayi serta vagina orang dewasa.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium breve B. breve is found in the lower intestinal tract (covering most of the small intestine and the entire large intestine) in infants as well as the adult vagina.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium breve B. breve ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah (meliputi sebagian besar usus kecil dan seluruh usus besar) pada bayi serta vagina orang dewasa. Spesies ini telah diteliti dapat menghalangi pertumbuhan E. coli sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi penderita diare akibat infeksi E. coli.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium breve B. breve is found in the lower intestinal tract (covering most of the small intestine and the entire large intestine) in infants as well as the adult vagina. This species has been studied to inhibit the growth of E. coli so it may be beneficial for people suffering from diarrhea due to E. coli infection.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":310,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum dominan terdapat pada membran mukus di sekitar usus besar dan saluran vagina.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum is predominantly found on the mucous membrane around the large intestine and vaginal tract.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum dominan terdapat pada membran mukus di sekitar usus besar dan saluran vagina. Spesies ini dimanfaatkan sebagai probiotik yang mampu meningkatkan asimilasi mineral yang penting untuk kesehatan tulang, contohnya besi, kalsium, magnesium, dan seng.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium bifidum B. bifidum is predominantly found on the mucous membrane around the large intestine and vaginal tract. This species is used as a probiotic capable of increasing the assimilation of minerals important for bone health, for example iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":280,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium infantis B. infantis merupakan probiotik yang penting dan sering ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah manusia.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium infantis B. infantis is an important probiotic and is often found in the lower intestinal tract of humans.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium infantis B. infantis merupakan probiotik yang penting dan sering ditemukan pada saluran intestinal bagian bawah manusia. Spesies ini memengaruhi sistem imun karena mampu menstimulasi agen imunomodulasi seperti sitokinin dan memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap patogen seperti Clostridium, Shigella, dan Salmonella.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium infantis B. infantis is an important probiotic and is often found in the lower intestinal tract of humans. The species affects the immune system because it is able to stimulate immunomodulating agents such as cytokines and has antibacterial effects against pathogens such as Clostridium, Shigella, and Salmonella.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":329,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium lactis B. lactis ditemukan dalam jumlah besar di usus besar manusia. Spesies ini bermanfaat bagi penderita eksem, serta dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan meningkatkan sel limfosit-T dan sel pembuluh alami (natural kill cell, NK).","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium lactis B. lactis is found in large numbers in the human large intestine. This species is beneficial for people with eczema, and it can boost the body's immunity by boosting T-lymphocytes and natural kill cells (NK).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":252,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium lactis B. lactis ditemukan dalam jumlah besar di usus besar manusia. Spesies ini bermanfaat bagi penderita eksem, serta dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan meningkatkan sel limfosit-T dan sel pembuluh alami (natural kill cell, NK). Bakteri ini sangat potensial sebagai probiotik karena tahan asam lambung dan garam empedu sehingga dapat sampai ke saluran pencernaan setelah dikonsumsi.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium lactis B. lactis is found in large numbers in the human large intestine. This species is beneficial for people with eczema, and it can boost the body's immunity by boosting T-lymphocytes and natural kill cells (NK). These bacteria have great potential as probiotics because they are resistant to stomach acid and bile salts so they can reach the digestive tract after consumption.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":406,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium longum B. longum memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang efektif untuk mengobati diare dan penyakit mewabah lainnya.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium longum B. longum has an effective antimicrobial activity in treating diarrhea and other infectious diseases.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium longum B. longum memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang efektif untuk mengobati diare dan penyakit mewabah lainnya. Selain itu, spesies ini juga dapat menstimulasi sistem imun dan mencegah beberapa jenis kanker.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium longum B. longum has an effective antimicrobial activity in treating diarrhea and other infectious diseases. In addition, this species can also stimulate the immune system and prevent some types of cancer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tiga\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Allison Tannis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More|url=https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann|year=2008|publisher=Wiley|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-470-15475-5}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":224,"name":"tiga","url":"https://archive.org/details/probioticrescueh0000tann","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208691,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:43.278315-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Apabila tubuh memiliki Bifidobacterium dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka bakteri tersebut dapat menempel pada usus dan berkompetisi mendapatkan makanan dan tempat untuk hidup dengan organisme patogen lain, seperti Candida albicans.","translated_text":"If the body has enough Bifidobacterium, the bacteria can stick to the gut and compete for food and a place to live with other pathogenic organisms, such as Candida albicans.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":227,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Apabila tubuh memiliki Bifidobacterium dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka bakteri tersebut dapat menempel pada usus dan berkompetisi mendapatkan makanan dan tempat untuk hidup dengan organisme patogen lain, seperti Candida albicans. Patogen yang tidak dapat bertahan akan keluar dari dalam tubuh melalui saluran pencernaan.","translated_text":"If the body has enough Bifidobacterium, the bacteria can stick to the gut and compete for food and a place to live with other pathogenic organisms, such as Candida albicans. The unsustainable pathogen will leave the body through the digestive tract.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":318,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Apabila tubuh memiliki Bifidobacterium dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka bakteri tersebut dapat menempel pada usus dan berkompetisi mendapatkan makanan dan tempat untuk hidup dengan organisme patogen lain, seperti Candida albicans. Patogen yang tidak dapat bertahan akan keluar dari dalam tubuh melalui saluran pencernaan. Bifidobacterium juga dapat hidup di lokasi tanpa oksigen dan di lingkungan asam karena menghasilkan asam asetat dan asam laktat.","translated_text":"If the body has enough Bifidobacterium, the bacteria can stick to the gut and compete for food and a place to live with other pathogenic organisms, such as Candida albicans. The unsustainable pathogen will leave the body through the digestive tract. Bifidobacterium can also live in locations without oxygen and in acidic environments because it produces acetic acid and lactic acid.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":447,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bifidobacterium juga dapat hidup di lokasi tanpa oksigen dan di lingkungan asam karena menghasilkan asam asetat dan asam laktat. Tubuh akan terlindungi dari bakteri lain yang memerlukan oksigen atau lingkungan basa untuk hidup. Selain itu, bakteri ini juga memiliki beberapa manfaat positif bagi kesehatan manusia, seperti mampu menghasilkan beberapa vitamin B-kompleks yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh, membantu pengaturan diet bagi sebagian manusia yang menderita kondisi liver tertentu, dan mencegah bakteri yang mengubah nitrat (pada air dan makanan) menjadi nitrit, yang merupakan penyebab kanker.","translated_text":"Bifidobacterium can also live in locations without oxygen and in acidic environments because it produces acetic acid and lactic acid. The body will be protected from other bacteria that require oxygen or a basic environment for life. In addition, these bacteria also have some positive benefits for human health, such as being able to produce some B-complex vitamins that are beneficial to the body, helping to regulate the diet for some humans suffering from certain liver conditions, and preventing bacteria that convert nitrates (in water and food) into nitrites, which is a cause of cancer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"dua\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Natasha Trenev|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Probiotics: Nature's Internal Healers|year=1998|publisher=Avery Trade|location=|id=ISBN 978-0-89529-847-8}}Page.35</ref>","char_index":596,"name":"dua","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Indonesia Pusaka","wikicode":"{{Infobox song\n| name       = Indonesia Pusaka\n| cover      =\n| alt        =\n| type       = single\n| artist     = Ismail Marzuki (writer)\n| album      =\n| released   =\n| format     =\n| recorded   =\n| studio     =\n| venue      =\n| genre      = Anthem\n| length     =\n| label      =\n| writer     = Ismail Marzuki\n| producer   =\n| prev_title =\n| prev_year  =\n| next_title =\n| next_year  =\n}}\n'''Indonesia Pusaka''' adalah lagu [[Indonesia]] yang dibuat oleh [[Ismail Marzuki]]. Lagu ini biasanya dimainkan pada perayaan [[Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia]]. Lagu ini adalah lagu nasional Indonesia yang dibuat pada tahun 1949 oleh [[Ismail Marzuki]]\n\n== Lirik lagu ==\n=== Bait 1 ===\n<blockquote>\nIndonesia Tanah Air Beta<br/>\nPusaka Abadi nan Jaya<br/>\nIndonesia Sejak Dulu Kala<br/>\nTetap Dipuja Puja Bangsa\n\n;Refrain\nDi Sana Tempat Lahir Beta<br/>\nDibuai Dibesarkan Bunda<br/>\nTempat Berlindung di Hari Tua<br/>\nSampai Akhir Menutup Mata\n</blockquote>\n\n=== Bait 2 ===\n<blockquote>\nSungguh Indah Tanah Air Beta<br/>\nTiada Bandingnya di Dunia<br/>\nKarya Indah Tuhan Maha Kuasa<br/>\nBagi Bangsa yang Memujanya\n\n;Refrain\nIndonesia Ibu Pertiwi<br/>\nKau Kupuja Kau Kukasihi<br/>\nTenagaku Bahkan Pun Jiwaku<br/>\nKepadamu Rela Ku Beri<br/>\nTenagaku Bahkan Pun Jiwaku<br/>\nKepadamu Rela Ku Beri\n</blockquote>\n== Penggunaan di media ==\nPer tahun 2018, [[MetroTV]] memainkan lagu ini dalam siarannya.<ref>{{cite web |last=Penegak Pandega Putri Channel (YouTube) |date=2 Maret 2018 |title=Indonesia pusaka Metrotv with subtitle |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhssYva39U8 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2021}}</ref> Hal ini menyesuaikan dengan kewajiban jaringan/stasiun televisi di Indonesia menyiarkan lagu nasional setiap hari siaran.<ref>{{cite web  |date=21 Agustus 2015 |title=KPI: Televisi Harus Siarkan Lagu Kebangsaan dan Lagu Nasional Setiap Hari |url=http://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/id/umum/38-dalam-negeri/32915-kpi-televisi-harus-siarkan-lagu-kebangsaan-dan-lagu-nasional-setiap-hari?start=126&detail3=5173&detail5=5350 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2021}}</ref> Lagu ini sebagai lagu penutup siaran digunakan di closedown pada [[Rajawali Televisi|RTV]], [[Mentari TV]] dan seluruh [[Media Group|Media Group Network]] ([[MetroTV]], [[Magna Channel]], [[BN Channel]], [[Metro Globe Network]] dan [[MG Radio Network]]) & [[VTV (Indonesia)|VTV]].\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Indonesia Raya]]\n* [[Ibu Pertiwi]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Audio/5134_2017-08-22/04%20INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.mp3 Indonesia Pusaka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011132/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Audio/5134_2017-08-22/04%20INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.mp3 |date=2020-06-11 }} <small>(mp3)</small> di Sahabat Keluarga, [[Kemdikbud]]\n* [https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Dokumen/549_2015-12-20/INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.pdf Partitur lagu Indonesia Pusaka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011202/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Dokumen/549_2015-12-20/INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.pdf |date=2020-06-11 }} di Sahabat Keluarga, [[Kemdikbud]]\n\n{{Indonesia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Lagu nasional Indonesia]]","hash":"a28afd0810815da1354b897928779f4b20a383ce6a7ac682143d60901b7473e1","last_revision":"2023-11-24T11:56:20Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T10:29:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.297811","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Indonésia Pusaka","en":"Indonesia Pusaka","th":"อินโดเนซียาปูซากา","tt":"Индонезия Пусака"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Indonesia Pusaka adalah lagu Indonesia yang dibuat oleh Ismail Marzuki. Lagu ini biasanya dimainkan pada perayaan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia. Lagu ini adalah lagu nasional Indonesia yang dibuat pada tahun 1949 oleh Ismail Marzuki\n\nIndonesia Tanah Air Beta\n\nPusaka Abadi nan Jaya\n\nIndonesia Sejak Dulu Kala\n\nTetap Dipuja Puja Bangsa\n\nRefrain Di Sana Tempat Lahir Beta\n\nDibuai Dibesarkan Bunda\n\nTempat Berlindung di Hari Tua\n\nSampai Akhir Menutup Mata\n\nSungguh Indah Tanah Air Beta\n\nTiada Bandingnya di Dunia\n\nKarya Indah Tuhan Maha Kuasa\n\nBagi Bangsa yang Memujanya\n\nRefrain Indonesia Ibu Pertiwi\n\nKau Kupuja Kau Kukasihi\n\nTenagaku Bahkan Pun Jiwaku\n\nKepadamu Rela Ku Beri\n\nTenagaku Bahkan Pun Jiwaku\n\nKepadamu Rela Ku Beri\n\nPer tahun 2018, MetroTV memainkan lagu ini dalam siarannya. Hal ini menyesuaikan dengan kewajiban jaringan/stasiun televisi di Indonesia menyiarkan lagu nasional setiap hari siaran. Lagu ini sebagai lagu penutup siaran digunakan di closedown pada RTV, Mentari TV dan seluruh Media Group Network (MetroTV, Magna Channel, BN Channel, Metro Globe Network dan MG Radio Network) & VTV.\n\nIndonesia Raya Ibu Pertiwi\n\nIndonesia Pusaka (mp3) di Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud Partitur lagu Indonesia Pusaka di Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud\n\nKategori:Lagu nasional Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox song\n| name       = Indonesia Pusaka\n| cover      =\n| alt        =\n| type       = single\n| artist     = Ismail Marzuki (writer)\n| album      =\n| released   =\n| format     =\n| recorded   =\n| studio     =\n| venue      =\n| genre      = Anthem\n| length     =\n| label      =\n| writer     = Ismail Marzuki\n| producer   =\n| prev_title =\n| prev_year  =\n| next_title =\n| next_year  =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Indonesia Pusaka adalah lagu Indonesia yang dibuat oleh Ismail Marzuki.","translated_text":"Indonesia Pusaka is an Indonesian song by Ismail Marzuki.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu ini biasanya dimainkan pada perayaan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia.","translated_text":"The song is usually played at the celebration of Indonesia's Declaration of Independence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu ini adalah lagu nasional Indonesia yang dibuat pada tahun 1949 oleh Ismail Marzuki","translated_text":"This song is an Indonesian national anthem created in 1949 by Ismail Marzuki","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lirik lagu","translated_text":"The lyrics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bait 1","translated_text":"Temple 1","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Indonesia Tanah Air Beta","translated_text":"Indonesian Motherland Beta","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pusaka Abadi nan Jaya","translated_text":"An Inheritance of Eternity","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Indonesia Sejak Dulu Kala","translated_text":"Indonesia Since the Middle Ages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tetap Dipuja Puja Bangsa","translated_text":"Continue to Praise the Nation","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Refrain Di Sana Tempat Lahir Beta","translated_text":"Refrain There My birthplace","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dibuai Dibesarkan Bunda","translated_text":"Raised by a Mother","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tempat Berlindung di Hari Tua","translated_text":"Refuge in the Old Days","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sampai Akhir Menutup Mata","translated_text":"Until the End Close Your Eyes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bait 2","translated_text":"Temple 2","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sungguh Indah Tanah Air Beta","translated_text":"How beautiful is my homeland","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tiada Bandingnya di Dunia","translated_text":"There's no appeal in the world","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karya Indah Tuhan Maha Kuasa","translated_text":"The Wonderful Works of the Almighty God","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagi Bangsa yang Memujanya","translated_text":"To the Nation That Worships Him","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Refrain Indonesia Ibu Pertiwi","translated_text":"Refrain Indonesian Mother of Pertiwi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kau Kupuja Kau Kukasihi","translated_text":"You're the one I love","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tenagaku Bahkan Pun Jiwaku","translated_text":"My strength, even my soul","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kepadamu Rela Ku Beri","translated_text":"To you I'll give","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tenagaku Bahkan Pun Jiwaku","translated_text":"My strength, even my soul","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kepadamu Rela Ku Beri","translated_text":"To you I'll give","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penggunaan di media","translated_text":"Use in the media","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Per tahun 2018, MetroTV memainkan lagu ini dalam siarannya.","translated_text":"As of 2018, MetroTV plays this song in its broadcast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |last=Penegak Pandega Putri Channel (YouTube) |date=2 Maret 2018 |title=Indonesia pusaka Metrotv with subtitle |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhssYva39U8 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2021}}</ref>","char_index":59,"name":null,"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhssYva39U8","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":803007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:44.140136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini menyesuaikan dengan kewajiban jaringan/stasiun televisi di Indonesia menyiarkan lagu nasional setiap hari siaran.","translated_text":"This is in line with the obligation of television networks/stations in Indonesia to broadcast the national anthem every broadcast day.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |date=21 Agustus 2015 |title=KPI: Televisi Harus Siarkan Lagu Kebangsaan dan Lagu Nasional Setiap Hari |url=http://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/id/umum/38-dalam-negeri/32915-kpi-televisi-harus-siarkan-lagu-kebangsaan-dan-lagu-nasional-setiap-hari?start=126&detail3=5173&detail5=5350 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2021}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/id/umum/38-dalam-negeri/32915-kpi-televisi-harus-siarkan-lagu-kebangsaan-dan-lagu-nasional-setiap-hari?start=126&detail3=5173&detail5=5350","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":48352,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:44.630444-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9404296875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu ini sebagai lagu penutup siaran digunakan di closedown pada RTV, Mentari TV dan seluruh Media Group Network (MetroTV, Magna Channel, BN Channel, Metro Globe Network dan MG Radio Network) & VTV.","translated_text":"The song as a broadcast closing song was used in closedown on RTV, Mentari TV and the entire Media Group Network (MetroTV, Magna Channel, BN Channel, Metro Globe Network and MG Radio Network) & VTV.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Indonesia Raya Ibu Pertiwi","translated_text":"Greater Indonesia Mother of Pertiwi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Indonesia Pusaka (mp3) di Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud Partitur lagu Indonesia Pusaka di Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud","translated_text":"Indonesia Pusaka (mp3) in Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud Partitur song Indonesia Pusaka in Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011132/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Audio/5134_2017-08-22/04%20INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.mp3 |date=2020-06-11 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011132/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Audio/5134_2017-08-22/04%20INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.mp3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:47.992641-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011202/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Dokumen/549_2015-12-20/INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.pdf |date=2020-06-11 }}","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011202/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Dokumen/549_2015-12-20/INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.061844-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Lagu nasional Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian national anthem","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Per tahun 2018, MetroTV memainkan lagu ini dalam siarannya.","translated_text":"As of 2018, MetroTV plays this song in its broadcast.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |last=Penegak Pandega Putri Channel (YouTube) |date=2 Maret 2018 |title=Indonesia pusaka Metrotv with subtitle |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhssYva39U8 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2021}}</ref>","char_index":59,"name":null,"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhssYva39U8","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":803007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:44.140136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Per tahun 2018, MetroTV memainkan lagu ini dalam siarannya. Hal ini menyesuaikan dengan kewajiban jaringan/stasiun televisi di Indonesia menyiarkan lagu nasional setiap hari siaran.","translated_text":"As of 2018, MetroTV plays this song in its broadcast. This is in line with the obligation of television networks/stations in Indonesia to broadcast the national anthem every broadcast day.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |date=21 Agustus 2015 |title=KPI: Televisi Harus Siarkan Lagu Kebangsaan dan Lagu Nasional Setiap Hari |url=http://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/id/umum/38-dalam-negeri/32915-kpi-televisi-harus-siarkan-lagu-kebangsaan-dan-lagu-nasional-setiap-hari?start=126&detail3=5173&detail5=5350 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2021}}</ref>","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kpi.go.id/index.php/id/umum/38-dalam-negeri/32915-kpi-televisi-harus-siarkan-lagu-kebangsaan-dan-lagu-nasional-setiap-hari?start=126&detail3=5173&detail5=5350","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":48352,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:44.630444-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9404296875}]},{"text":"Indonesia Pusaka (mp3) di Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud Partitur lagu Indonesia Pusaka di Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud","translated_text":"Indonesia Pusaka (mp3) in Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud Partitur song Indonesia Pusaka in Sahabat Keluarga, Kemdikbud","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011132/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Audio/5134_2017-08-22/04%20INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.mp3 |date=2020-06-11 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011132/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Audio/5134_2017-08-22/04%20INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.mp3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:47.992641-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011202/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Dokumen/549_2015-12-20/INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.pdf |date=2020-06-11 }}","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200611011202/https://sahabatkeluarga.kemdikbud.go.id/laman/uploads/Dokumen/549_2015-12-20/INDONESIA%20PUSAKA.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.061844-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Jalan Tol Kallang-Paya Lebar","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Expressways and semi-expressways of Singapore.png|250px|jmpl|ka|Jalan Tol Kallang-Paya Lebar, Singapura, berwarna ungu tua dalam sistem jalan tol Singapura.]]\n[[Berkas:Paya Lebar Expressway under construction 2, Dec 05.JPG|jmpl|ka|250px|KPE saat konstruksi tahun 2005]]\n'''Jalan Tol Kallang–Paya Lebar''' ([[Singkatan]]: '''KPE'''; [[Hanzi Sederhana]]: ''加冷－巴耶利峇高速公路''; [[pinyin]]: ''Jiālěng Bāyēlìbā Gāosù Gōnglù''; [[Bahasa Melayu]]: ''Lebuhraya Kallang-Paya Lebar''; [[Bahasa Tamil]]: ''கலாங் பாயலேபார் விரைவுச்சாலை'')adalah sebuah [[jalan tol]] di Singapura yang berbentuk [[terowongan]]. Bagian selatan jalan tol ini dibuka tanggal [[26 Oktober]] [[2007]], lalu sisanya selesai dibangun dan dibuka tanggal [[20 Oktober]] [[2008]].\nJalan tol ini menghubungkan [[Jalan tol Pantai Timur, Singapura|ECP]] dengan [[Jalan Tol Tampines, Singapura|TPE]] sepanjang 12 [[kilometer]]. Jalan tol ini menghabiskan dana sebesar 1,6 miliar [[dolar Singapura]], sehingga jalan tol ini menjadi jalan tol [[bawah tanah]] terpanjang se-[[Asia Tenggara]]. Jalan tol ini juga diyakini menjadi jalan bawah tanah terpanjang ke-enam di dunia saat konstruksi. Pada intinya, Jalan tol dengan tiga jalur di masing-masing arah akan memiliki delapan [[simpang susun]], sebelas pintu keluar ''on-ramp'', dan dua belas pintu keluar ''off-ramp''.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.lta.gov.sg/projects/index_proj_kpe.htm Land Transport Authority webpage on KPE]\n* [http://www.lta.gov.sg/KPE/ KPE Information Portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011031009/http://www.lta.gov.sg/KPE/ |date=2009-10-11 }}\n{{Jalan tol di Singapura}}\n\n[[Kategori:Jalan tol di Singapura]]\n\n\n{{Singapura-stub}}","hash":"82a8b63c74467538876203795fa2d9d0af66bbb40d816fa09cd5d9e1aa0cfcdf","last_revision":"2023-02-12T17:15:21Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T10:39:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.348901","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway","en":"Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway","ja":"カラン・パヤレバー・エクスプレスウェイ","nl":"Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway","zh":"加冷—巴耶利峇高速公路"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Jalan Tol Kallang–Paya Lebar (Singkatan: KPE; Hanzi Sederhana: 加冷-巴耶利峇高速公路; pinyin: Jiālěng Bāyēlìbā Gāosù Gōnglù; Bahasa Melayu: Lebuhraya Kallang-Paya Lebar; Bahasa Tamil: கலாங் பாயலேபார் விரைவுச்சாலை)adalah sebuah jalan tol di Singapura yang berbentuk terowongan. Bagian selatan jalan tol ini dibuka tanggal 26 Oktober 2007, lalu sisanya selesai dibangun dan dibuka tanggal 20 Oktober 2008. Jalan tol ini menghubungkan ECP dengan TPE sepanjang 12 kilometer. Jalan tol ini menghabiskan dana sebesar 1,6 miliar dolar Singapura, sehingga jalan tol ini menjadi jalan tol bawah tanah terpanjang se-Asia Tenggara. Jalan tol ini juga diyakini menjadi jalan bawah tanah terpanjang ke-enam di dunia saat konstruksi. Pada intinya, Jalan tol dengan tiga jalur di masing-masing arah akan memiliki delapan simpang susun, sebelas pintu keluar on-ramp, dan dua belas pintu keluar off-ramp.\n\nLand Transport Authority webpage on KPE KPE Information Portal\n\nKategori:Jalan tol di Singapura\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalan Tol Kallang–Paya Lebar (Singkatan: KPE;","translated_text":"Kallang ⁇ Paya Broad Highway (abbreviation: KPE;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hanzi Sederhana: 加冷-巴耶利峇高速公路; pinyin: Jiālěng Bāyēlìbā Gāosù Gōnglù;","translated_text":"Hanzi Simplified: 加冷-巴耶利 ⁇ 高速公路; pinyin: Jiālěng Bāyēlìbā Gāosù Gōnglù;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Melayu: Lebuhraya Kallang-Paya Lebar;","translated_text":"English: Lebuhraya Kallang-Paya Widar;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Tamil: கலாங் பாயலேபார் விரைவுச்சாலை)adalah sebuah jalan tol di Singapura yang berbentuk terowongan.","translated_text":"Kalanang பாயலேபார் விரைவுச்சாலை) is a tunnel-shaped highway in Singapore.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian selatan jalan tol ini dibuka tanggal 26 Oktober 2007, lalu sisanya selesai dibangun dan dibuka tanggal 20 Oktober 2008.","translated_text":"The southern part of the highway was opened on October 26, 2007, and the rest was completed and opened on October 20, 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalan tol ini menghubungkan ECP dengan TPE sepanjang 12 kilometer.","translated_text":"This highway connects ECP to TPE for 12 kilometers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalan tol ini menghabiskan dana sebesar 1,6 miliar dolar Singapura, sehingga jalan tol ini menjadi jalan tol bawah tanah terpanjang se-Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"The highway cost Singapore $1.6 billion, making it the longest underground highway in Southeast Asia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalan tol ini juga diyakini menjadi jalan bawah tanah terpanjang ke-enam di dunia saat konstruksi.","translated_text":"The highway is also believed to be the sixth longest underground road in the world at the time of construction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada intinya, Jalan tol dengan tiga jalur di masing-masing arah akan memiliki delapan simpang susun, sebelas pintu keluar on-ramp, dan dua belas pintu keluar off-ramp.","translated_text":"In essence, a highway with three lanes in each direction would have eight intersections, eleven on-ramp exits, and twelve off-ramp exits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Land Transport Authority webpage on KPE KPE Information Portal","translated_text":"Land transport authority webpage on KPE KPE information portal","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011031009/http://www.lta.gov.sg/KPE/ |date=2009-10-11 }}","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091011031009/http://www.lta.gov.sg/KPE/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.132950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Jalan tol di Singapura","translated_text":"Highways in Singapore","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Land Transport Authority webpage on KPE KPE Information Portal","translated_text":"Land transport authority webpage on KPE KPE information portal","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011031009/http://www.lta.gov.sg/KPE/ |date=2009-10-11 }}","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091011031009/http://www.lta.gov.sg/KPE/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.132950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Yersinia enterocolitica","wikicode":"{{italic title}}\n{{Taxobox\n|color = lightgrey\n|name = ''Yersinia enterocolitica''\n|image = Yersinia_enterocolitica_01.png\n|image_width = 240px\n|image_caption = Penampakan koloni ''Yersinia enterocolitica'' pada media agar XLD.\n|regnum = [[Bacteria]]\n|phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]\n|classis = [[Gamma Proteobacteria]]\n|ordo = [[Enterobacteriaceae|Enterobacteriales]]\n|familia = [[Enterobacteriaceae]]\n|genus = ''[[Yersinia]]''\n|species = '''''Y. enterocolitica'''''\n|binomial = ''Yersinia enterocolitica''\n|binomial_authority = (Schleifstein & Coleman 1939)\n}}\n'''''Yersinia enterocolitica''''' adalah [[spesies]] [[bakteri]] [[gram-negatif]], tidak menghasilkan [[spora]], fakultatif anaeobik, yang termasuk ke dalam golongan ''Enterobacteriacea''.<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3}}Page.97</ref> Pada suhu 20-25&nbsp;°C, bakteri ini dapat bergerak (motil), tetapi pada suhu 37&nbsp;°C tidak terjadi pergerakan.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref> Sebagian [[galur]] (''strain'') dari bakteri ini merupakan [[patogen]] penyebab [[penyakit]] yang penyebarannya terjadi melalui [[makanan]], seperti daging [[babi]] dan [[susu]].<ref name=\"a\"/> Selain melalui makanan, bakteri ini juga menyebar melalui minuman dan dapat ditemukan pada permukaan [[air]] dan sistem pembuangan air.<ref name=\"b\"/> ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat beradaptasi dengan [[suhu]] dingin dan bahkan tetap bermultiplikasi (memperbanyak diri) pada suhu 4&nbsp;°C.<ref name=\"b\"/> Infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' pada sistem [[gastrointestinal]] dapat menyebabkan [[enterokolitis]], [[limfadenitis]], serta [[gastroenteritis]]. Gejala yang timbul akibat [[infeksi]] ''Y. enterocolitica'' adalah [[diare]] yang diikuti [[demam]], [[muntah]], dan sakit [[perut]] (abdominal).<ref name=\"b\"/>\n\n== Etiologi ==\nGenus ''Yersinia'' mencakup 20 spesies dan 3 di antaranya terkenal dapat menjadi sumber penyakit pada manusia, yaitu ''Y. pestis'', ''Y. enterocolitica'', dan ''Y. pseudotuberculosis''. Yersiniosis adalah infeksi zoonosis dengan manusia sebagai inang insidental yang tidak berkontribusi pada siklus hidup patogen.<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref> Bentuk dominan (65% dari semua pasien) yersiniosis adalah adenitis mesenterika yang mengakibatkan enteritis, sindrom pseudo-appendicular, ileitis atau kolitis. Tingkat keparahan bentuk ini tergantung pada usia tertentu. Sedangkan untuk bentuk ekstra-mesenterika (pada 20-25%), infeksi fokal melalui penyebaran, bentuk septik dan sindrom limfadenopati dapat terjadi setelah atau tanpa enteritis sebelumnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hoogkamp-Korstanje|first=J. A.|last2=de Koning|first2=J.|date=1990-12|title=[Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of Yersinia enterocolitica infections]|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2076902/|journal=Immunitat Und Infektion|volume=18|issue=6|pages=192–197|pmid=2076902}}</ref>\n\nKemungkinan munculnya yersiniosis juga diduga terkait dengan perubahan yang terjadi di peternakan, [[teknologi pangan]], dan industri pangan. Hal terpenting adalah adanya perubahan dalam industri daging, di mana produksi daging telah bergeser dari rumah pemotongan hewan skala kecil, dengan pola distribusi terbatas, ke fasilitas besar yang memproses ribuan babi setiap hari dan mendistribusikan produknya secara nasional dan internasional. Saat ini, ukuran peternakan juga telah meningkat, dan metode peternakan juga menjadi lebih intensif.<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>\n\nSelain itu, dengan semakin banyaknya kemajuan dalam hal pengemasan dan pendinginan pada produk pangan memungkinkan industri dan konsumen untuk menyimpan makanan untuk waktu yang lebih lama, faktor penting yang berkaitan dengan patogen yang beradaptasi dengan dingin seperti ''Y. enterocolitica''. Dalam mempelajari daging babi mentah, tingkat deteksi yang lebih tinggi telah diperoleh dengan PCR yang menargetkan beberapa gen virulensi yang dikodekan secara kromosom daripada dengan metode kultur. Dalam beberapa studi kasus terkontrol, peningkatan risiko yersiniosis telah ditunjukkan ketika daging babi mentah atau setengah matang dikonsumsi. Namun, epidemiologi infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini sifatnya kompleks dan masih kurang dipahami.<ref name=\":1\" /><ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>\n\n== Epidemiologi ==\n''Y.'' ''enterocolitica'' adalah sekelompok strain heterogen, yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan 6 biotipe yang dibedakan oleh uji fisiokimia dan biokimia (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, dan 5), dan dengan serotipe menjadi lebih dari 57 O serogrup, yang dibedakan oleh variasi antigenik di [[dinding sel]] [[lipopolisakarida]].<ref name=\":1\" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fàbrega|first=Anna|last2=Vila|first2=Jordi|date=2012-01|title=Yersinia enterocolitica: Pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X11002655|journal=Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica|language=en|volume=30|issue=1|pages=24–32|doi=10.1016/j.eimc.2011.07.017}}</ref> Biotipe 1A adalah yang paling heterogen dan mencakup berbagai serotipe, diantaranya serotipe O:5, O:6,30, O:6,31, O:7,8, O: 10, serta strain O-nontypable diisolasi paling sering. Sedangkan virulensi dari biotipe patogen, yaitu 1B dan 2-5, dikaitkan dengan adanya plasmid virulensi 70-kb yang sangat terkonservasi, disebut pYV/pCD dan gen kromosom tertentu.<ref name=\":1\" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sabina|first=Yeasmin|last2=Rahman|first2=Atiqur|last3=Ray|first3=Ramesh Chandra|last4=Montet|first4=Didier|date=2011|title=Yersinia enterocolitica : Mode of Transmission, Molecular Insights of Virulence, and Pathogenesis of Infection|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/429069/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–10|doi=10.4061/2011/429069|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335483|pmid=22567333}}</ref>\n\nAdapun sumber utama infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' pada manusia diasumsikan berasal dari daging babi dan produk babi. Hal ini terjadi karena babi diyakini merupakan reservoir utama patogen ''Y. enterocolitica''. Namun perlu diingat, bahwa belum cukup bukti jelas yang menunjukkan bahwa jalur transmisi seperti itu ada. Dengan menggunakan metode PCR, diketahui bahwa tingkat deteksi terhadap patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dalam produk daging babi mentah tergolong tinggi, dan hal ini memperkuat asumsi bahwa produk daging babi mentah ini merupakan mata rantai penularan antara babi dengan manusia. Selain itu, ditemukannya pola DNA serupa yang diperoleh di antara manusia dan babi strain patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'', menguatkan pandangan bahwa babi merupakan sumber penting yersiniosis manusia.<ref name=\":2\" />\n\n== Infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' ==\nMenurut Bottone (1997) dalam Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa ''et al''. (2006), ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat menyebabkan gejala gastrointestinal, mulai dari diare ringan yang dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya, hingga limfadenitis mesenterika akut yang dapat menyebabkan radang usus buntu.<ref name=\":2\" /> Adapun gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan akibat dari infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini umumnya tergantung pada usia, keadaan fisik pasien, adanya kondisi medis yang mendasarinya, dan bioserotipe organisme.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nGastroenteritis, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh ''Y. enterocolitica'' adalah bentuk yersiniosis yang paling sering terjadi dan biasanya menyerang bayi dan anak kecil dibawah 5 tahun.<ref name=\":1\" /> Anak-anak yang terinfeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat mengalami diare akut yang berhubungan dengan demam dan faringitis, diare kronis atau berulang, atau nyeri pada fossa iliaca kanan yang berhubungan dengan adenitis mesenterika. Gejala gastrointestinal ini biasanya dapat sembuh secara spontan dalam waktu dua minggu. Namun, pada beberapa anak ada yang berhasil diobati dengan pemberian kotrimoksazol.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marriott|first=Deborah J.E.|last2=Taylor|first2=Sharon|last3=Dorman|first3=David C.|date=1985-11|title=Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x|journal=Medical Journal of Australia|language=en|volume=143|issue=11|pages=489–492|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x|issn=0025-729X}}</ref>\n\nSedangkan, pada anak-anak yang lebih tua dan dewasa muda, yersiniosis akut dapat muncul sebagai sindrom pseudoappendicular, yang dapat menyerupai apendisitis. Dilaporkan bahwa terkadang beberapa gejala dapat terjadi seperti gejala sisa jangka panjang ekstra-usus, termasuk artritis reaktif (ReA), eritema nodosum (EN), uveitis, glomerulonefritis, konjugtivitis dan miokarditis. Sepsis adalah salah satu komplikasi yang jarang terjadi dari infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'', kecuali pada pasien yang memiliki penyakit yang mendasari predisposisi atau berada dalam keadaan kelebihan zat besi. Sepsis ini dapat terjadi selama transfusi darah. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan terapi antimikroba. Namun, dalam kasus yang parah, kemungkinan terapi antimikroba ini diperlukan.<ref name=\":1\" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rosner|first=Bettina M|last2=Werber|first2=Dirk|last3=Höhle|first3=Michael|last4=Stark|first4=Klaus|date=2013-12|title=Clinical aspects and self-reported symptoms of sequelae of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in a population-based study, Germany 2009–2010|url=https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-236|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|pages=236|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-13-236|issn=1471-2334|pmc=PMC3669037|pmid=23701958}}</ref>\n\nInfeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini biasanya dimulai dengan menelan makanan atau air yang sebelumnya telah terkontaminasi ''Y. enterocolitica'', setelah memasuki perut, patogen ini kemudian melintasi dinding usus, dan terlokalisasi di jaringan limfoid dan kelenjar getah bening mesenterika dan pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan penyakit diare. Bakteri ini memiliki plasmid virulen 70 kilodalton yang dikenal sebagai pYV yang terdapat pada spesies patogen ''Yersinia'' termasuk ''enterocolitica'', ''pestis'', dan ''pseudotuberculosis''. ''Yersinia'' dapat melintasi epitel usus terutama melalui FAE, di patch Peyer dari ileum (A Grützkau ''et al''. 1990). Dari sini, organisme dapat menyebar ke organ lain.<ref name=\":0\" /><ref name=\":1\" />\n\n== Pengobatan ==\nPada umumnya, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan pengobatan antibiotik. Namun pada beberapa infeksi yang parah, penggunaan antibiotik mungkin diperlukan. ''Y. enterocolitica'' biasanya rentan secara in vitro terhadap aminoglikosida, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (TMP-SMZ), piperasilin, siprofloksasin, dan sefalosporin generasi ketiga. Selain itu, ''Y. enterocolitica'' juga resisten terhadap penisilin, ampisilin, dan sefalosporin generasi pertama, karena organisme sering menghasilkan beta-laktamase.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yersinia Enterocolitica Medication: Antibiotics, Other, Carbapenems|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232343-medication|website=emedicine.medscape.com|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref>\n\n== Pencegahan ==\nBeberapa langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari kemungkinan terinfeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' adalah dengan mencuci tangan setelah terpapar hewan yang terpapar, memastikan pengolahan makanan yang aman, menghindari konsumsi daging babi dan produk mentah, pengolahan air secara rutin dan desinfeksi, dan penyaringan patogen dalam darah dan produk darah.<ref name=\":0\" />\n\n== ''Y. enterocolitica'' Terhadap Pencemaran Pangan ==\nSumber utama yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' adalah makanan, meskipun isolat patogen jarang ditemukan dari sampel makanan. Salah satu contoh adalah produk daging babi mentah yang telah banyak diteliti karena diyakini ada kaitannya dengan infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica''. Namun, tingkat isolasi bioserotipe patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini rendah pada daging babi mentah, kecuali jeroan babi yang dapat dimakan, dengan jenis yang paling umum diisolasi adalah bioserotipe 4/O:3. Dengan rendahnya tingkat isolasi patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dalam sampel makanan kemungkinan dikarenakan sensitivitas metode kultur yang terbatas.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nStern (1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011) melaporkan bahwa ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat tumbuh pada susu murni pada suhu 3. Selain itu, pengurangan bakteri psychrotrophic dalam susu setelah pasteurisasi juga memungkinkan pesaing yang buruk dan patogen oportunistik seperti ''Y. enterocolitica'' untuk tumbuh lebih baik dalam susu pasteurisasi daripada di susu mentah. Maka dari itu, keberadaan patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dalam susu pasteurisasi harus menjadi perhatian.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\n''Y. enterocolitica'' umumnya terdeteksi pada daging dan produk unggas. Menurut B. Swaminathan ''et al''. (1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011), tingkat patogen ini ditemukan secara konsisten dalam jumlah tinggi pada daging kemasan vakum dengan pH di atas 6 yang dipertahankan pada suhu rendah. Pertumbuhan patogen ini dapat meningkat pada daging yang dimasak atau pada suhu rendah sedangkan mikroorganisme kompetitif dinonaktifkan.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\n== Rute Penularan ''Y. enterocolitica'' ==\nDiperkirakan bahwa rute penularan yang paling umum dari patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' adalah secara fecal-oral yaitu melalui makanan yang telah terkontaminasi. Sedangkan dari segi kontak langsung dari orang ke orang jarang terjadi. Menurut E. J. Bottone (1999) dalam Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011), penularan tidak langsung dari orang ke orang tampaknya terjadi dalam beberapa kasus melalui transfusi darah yang terkontaminasi. Satu mata rantai penularan yang mungkin terjadi adalah adanya kontak langsung dengan babi, dan hal ini menjadi risiko umum bagi peternak babi dan pekerja rumah jagal. Namun, penularan patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dari babi ke manusia ini belum terbukti secara jelas.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nPada manusia, sumber utama infeksi ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini diasumsikan berasal dari babi dan produk babi lainnya. Patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat ditularkan dari rumah pemotongan hewan ke pabrik pengolahan daging dan kemudian ke tingkat eceran melalui bangkai dan jeroan babi yang terkontaminasi. Daging babi dan jeroan yang terkontaminasi merupakan rantai transmisi penting dari toko ritel ke manusia. Kontaminasi silang jeroan dan babi akan terjadi secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui peralatan, udara dan penjamah makanan di rumah jagal, toko eceran, dan dapur perumahan.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nTingkat deteksi patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dalam produk daging babi mentah telah terbukti tinggi. Namun, untuk konsumsi daging babi mentah hanya memainkan peran terbatas dalam perkembangan yersiniosis. Penularan mungkin lebih sering terjadi melalui daging babi yang dimasak dan produk makanan lain yang kurang matang atau tidak ditangani dengan benar. Menurut X. Wang ''et al'', (2010) dalam Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011), hewan peliharaan juga dicurigai sebagai sumber yersiniosis manusia karena kontak dekat dengan manusia, terutama anak kecil. Namun, penularan dari hewan peliharaan ke manusia belum terbukti secara akurat.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\n== Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan ''Y. enterocolitica'' ==\n''Y. enterocolitica'' merupakan bakteri yang tergolong pada organisme fakultatif serta memiliki kemampuan berkembang biak baik dalam kondisi aerob maupun anaerob. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti:<ref name=\":1\" />\n\na.             Suhu\n\nKisaran pertumbuhan ''Y. enterocolitica'' yang dilaporkan C. O. Gill and M. P. Reichel (1989) adalah 2-42&nbsp;°C. Sedangkan suhu optimalnya adalah 28-29&nbsp;°C (H. Bercovier ''et al''. 1984). Selain itu, ''Y. enterocolitica'' juga dapat berkembang biak dalam makanan seperti daging dan susu pada suhu mendekati 0&nbsp;°C dan bahkan di bawah 0&nbsp;°C (W. H. Lee ''et al''. 1980). Hasil penelitian Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011), menunjukkan bahwa dalam makanan dengan pH netral yang disimpan pada suhu 5&nbsp;°C, jumlah ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat meningkat dari 10/mL menjadi 2,8 × 10<sup>7</sup>/mL dalam 5 hari.\n\nProduksi toksin oleh patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat dipengaruhi oleh suhu pertumbuhan serta komposisi bahan makanan. Toksigenik ''Y. enterocolitica'' mampu menghasilkan enterotoksin yang stabil terhadap panas dalam susu pada suhu 25&nbsp;°C tetapi tidak pada suhu 4&nbsp;°C (D. W. Francis ''et al''. 1980). Sebagian besar sel ''Y. enterocolitica'' akan mati atau terluka jika disimpan selama penyimpanan beku pada suhu -20&nbsp;°C.\n\nb.            pH\n\nKisaran pH minimum dimana pertumbuhan bakteri ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat terjadi adalah antara 4,2 dan 4,4 (N. J. Stern ''et al''. 1980), sedangkan dalam media di mana pH telah disesuaikan dengan HCl, pertumbuhan terjadi pada pH 4,18 dan suhu 22&nbsp;°C (M. Karapinar & S. A. Gonul, 1992). Adanya keberadaan asam organik diduga mampu menurunkan kemampuan ''Y. enterocolitica'' untuk berkembang biak pada pH rendah.\n\nc.             Aktivitas air\n\nAktivitas air minimum di mana pertumbuhan ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat terjadi adalah 0,96. Bakteri ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini mampu tumbuh pada 5% garam, tetapi tidak pada 7% garam.\n\nd.            Pengawet/ Disinfektan\n\nPertumbuhan bakteri ''Y. entericolitica'' dapat dihambat oleh kalium sorbat hingga 5000 ppm pada pH 6,5 dengan cara yang bergantung pada dosis tertentu. Pada pH 5,5 konsentrasi di atas 1000 ppm hampir menghilangkan pertumbuhan atau menyebabkan inaktivasi tergantung pada dosis. Menurut María Victoria Selma ''et al''. (2006) dalam Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011), perawatan dengan ozon (1,4 dan 1,9 ppm) dan dengan air ozonasi (paparan 1 menit) dapat mengurangi pemuatan patogen.\n\n== Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup ''Y. enterocolitica'' Dalam Makanan ==\nDengan kemampuan ''Y. enterocolitica'' untuk menyebar pada suhu pendinginan dalam makanan kemasan vakum dengan umur simpan yang lama menjadi salah satu perhatian penting dalam upaya menjaga kebersihan makanan. Menurut D. A. Schiemann (1989) dalam Md. Latiful Bari ''et al''. (2011), dikatakan bahwa ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat bertahan hidup dalam makanan beku untuk waktu yang lama. Selain itu, ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini tidak dapat tumbuh pada pH < 4,2 atau > 9,0 (T. F. Brocklehurst & B. M. Lund, 1990) atau konsentrasi garam lebih besar dari 7% (Aw < 0,945) (N. J. Stern ''et al''. 1990).<ref name=\":1\" />\n\n''Y. enterocolitica'' tidak termasuk bakteri yang tahan terhadap panas, dimana nilai D pada 62,8&nbsp;°C selama 15 kultur enterotoksigenik dan 6 kultur nonenterotoksigenik berkisar antara 0,7 hingga 17,8 detik. Selain itu, dalam susu murni steril, sel-sel yang diberi perlakuan panas dihitung pada agar kedelai ''trypticase'' dengan ekstrak ragi (D. W. Francis ''et al.'' 1980), menunjukkan bahwa ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini tidak bertahan dari proses pasteurisasi. Selain tidak bertahan pada suhu pasterurisasi atau pemasakan, ''Y. enterocolitica'' ini juga tidak bertahan terhadap perebusan, ''backing'', dan penggorengan normal. Adanya perlakuan panas pada susu dan produk daging pada suhu 60&nbsp;°C selama 1-3 menit secara efektif dapat menonaktifkan ''Y. enterocolitica'' (W. H. Lee ''et al''. 1980). Nilai D yang ditentukan dalam air mendidih adalah 96, 27, dan 11 detik masing-masing pada 58, 60, dan 62&nbsp;°C.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nAdanya kegiatan penyimpanan daging babi yang sering dilakukan di ruang pendingin selama 2-4 hari setelah pemotongan, memungkinkan strain patogen ''Y. enterocolitica'' dapat berkembang biak secara signifikan selama periode penyimpanan yang relatif lama ini. Hal ini terjadi karena produk daging mentah yang dikemas ini sebelumnya dapat tetap berada di lemari pendingin eceran selama lebih dari seminggu, tergantung pada produk, kemasan, suasana kemasan, dan tingkat perputaran.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nSebagai organisme fakultatif, pertumbuhan ''Y. enterocolitica'' sangat dipengaruhi oleh atmosfer gas. Dalam kondisi anaerobik, ''Y. enterocolitica'' tidak dapat tumbuh pada daging sapi pada pH 5,4-5,8, sedangkan pertumbuhan dapat terjadi pada pH 6,0 (C. A. Conte-Junior ''et al''. 2010). Diketahui bahwa seratus persen dilaporkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan ''Y. enterocolitica'' (C. A. Conte-Junior ''et al''. 2010). Dalam kemasan vakum, ''Y. enterocolitica'' tumbuh pada semua suhu penyimpanan pada tingkat yang sama atau lebih cepat daripada mikroflora pembusukan. Selain itu, beberapa strain ''Y. enterocolitica'' bahkan mampu tumbuh di air pada suhu rendah 4&nbsp;°C (A. K. Highsmith ''et al''. 1977).<ref name=\":1\" />\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n__PAKSADAFTARISI__\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q135177}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bakteri]]\n[[Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1939]]\n\n{{bakteri-stub}}","hash":"edbd43bb65bdf5ac72026fe0f0bdb813f35a3ca12db909c9dc207012618c60dc","last_revision":"2024-02-12T11:40:24Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T10:40:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.450723","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"يرسينيا القولون","arz":"يرسينيا القولون","ca":"Yersinia enterocolitica","cs":"Yersinia enterocolitica","da":"Yersinia enterocolitica","de":"Yersinia enterocolitica","en":"Yersinia enterocolitica","es":"Yersinia enterocolitica","eu":"Yersinia enterocolitica","fa":"یرسینیا انتروکولیتیکا","fr":"Yersinia enterocolitica","gl":"Yersinia enterocolitica","it":"Yersinia enterocolitica","nl":"Yersinia enterocolitica","ps":"يارسينيا انټروکوليټيکا","pt":"Yersinia enterocolitica","sv":"Yersinia enterocolitica","uk":"Yersinia enterocolitica","vi":"Yersinia enterocolitica"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Yersinia enterocolitica adalah spesies bakteri gram-negatif, tidak menghasilkan spora, fakultatif anaeobik, yang termasuk ke dalam golongan Enterobacteriacea. Pada suhu 20-25 °C, bakteri ini dapat bergerak (motil), tetapi pada suhu 37 °C tidak terjadi pergerakan. Sebagian galur (strain) dari bakteri ini merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit yang penyebarannya terjadi melalui makanan, seperti daging babi dan susu. Selain melalui makanan, bakteri ini juga menyebar melalui minuman dan dapat ditemukan pada permukaan air dan sistem pembuangan air. Y. enterocolitica dapat beradaptasi dengan suhu dingin dan bahkan tetap bermultiplikasi (memperbanyak diri) pada suhu 4 °C. Infeksi Y. enterocolitica pada sistem gastrointestinal dapat menyebabkan enterokolitis, limfadenitis, serta gastroenteritis. Gejala yang timbul akibat infeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah diare yang diikuti demam, muntah, dan sakit perut (abdominal).\n\nGenus Yersinia mencakup 20 spesies dan 3 di antaranya terkenal dapat menjadi sumber penyakit pada manusia, yaitu Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, dan Y. pseudotuberculosis. Yersiniosis adalah infeksi zoonosis dengan manusia sebagai inang insidental yang tidak berkontribusi pada siklus hidup patogen. Bentuk dominan (65% dari semua pasien) yersiniosis adalah adenitis mesenterika yang mengakibatkan enteritis, sindrom pseudo-appendicular, ileitis atau kolitis. Tingkat keparahan bentuk ini tergantung pada usia tertentu. Sedangkan untuk bentuk ekstra-mesenterika (pada 20-25%), infeksi fokal melalui penyebaran, bentuk septik dan sindrom limfadenopati dapat terjadi setelah atau tanpa enteritis sebelumnya.\n\nKemungkinan munculnya yersiniosis juga diduga terkait dengan perubahan yang terjadi di peternakan, teknologi pangan, dan industri pangan. Hal terpenting adalah adanya perubahan dalam industri daging, di mana produksi daging telah bergeser dari rumah pemotongan hewan skala kecil, dengan pola distribusi terbatas, ke fasilitas besar yang memproses ribuan babi setiap hari dan mendistribusikan produknya secara nasional dan internasional. Saat ini, ukuran peternakan juga telah meningkat, dan metode peternakan juga menjadi lebih intensif.\n\nSelain itu, dengan semakin banyaknya kemajuan dalam hal pengemasan dan pendinginan pada produk pangan memungkinkan industri dan konsumen untuk menyimpan makanan untuk waktu yang lebih lama, faktor penting yang berkaitan dengan patogen yang beradaptasi dengan dingin seperti Y. enterocolitica. Dalam mempelajari daging babi mentah, tingkat deteksi yang lebih tinggi telah diperoleh dengan PCR yang menargetkan beberapa gen virulensi yang dikodekan secara kromosom daripada dengan metode kultur. Dalam beberapa studi kasus terkontrol, peningkatan risiko yersiniosis telah ditunjukkan ketika daging babi mentah atau setengah matang dikonsumsi. Namun, epidemiologi infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini sifatnya kompleks dan masih kurang dipahami.\n\nY. enterocolitica adalah sekelompok strain heterogen, yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan 6 biotipe yang dibedakan oleh uji fisiokimia dan biokimia (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, dan 5), dan dengan serotipe menjadi lebih dari 57 O serogrup, yang dibedakan oleh variasi antigenik di dinding sel lipopolisakarida. Biotipe 1A adalah yang paling heterogen dan mencakup berbagai serotipe, diantaranya serotipe O:5, O:6,30, O:6,31, O:7,8, O: 10, serta strain O-nontypable diisolasi paling sering. Sedangkan virulensi dari biotipe patogen, yaitu 1B dan 2-5, dikaitkan dengan adanya plasmid virulensi 70-kb yang sangat terkonservasi, disebut pYV/pCD dan gen kromosom tertentu.\n\nAdapun sumber utama infeksi Y. enterocolitica pada manusia diasumsikan berasal dari daging babi dan produk babi. Hal ini terjadi karena babi diyakini merupakan reservoir utama patogen Y. enterocolitica. Namun perlu diingat, bahwa belum cukup bukti jelas yang menunjukkan bahwa jalur transmisi seperti itu ada. Dengan menggunakan metode PCR, diketahui bahwa tingkat deteksi terhadap patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam produk daging babi mentah tergolong tinggi, dan hal ini memperkuat asumsi bahwa produk daging babi mentah ini merupakan mata rantai penularan antara babi dengan manusia. Selain itu, ditemukannya pola DNA serupa yang diperoleh di antara manusia dan babi strain patogen Y. enterocolitica, menguatkan pandangan bahwa babi merupakan sumber penting yersiniosis manusia.\n\nMenurut Bottone (1997) dalam Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. (2006), Y. enterocolitica dapat menyebabkan gejala gastrointestinal, mulai dari diare ringan yang dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya, hingga limfadenitis mesenterika akut yang dapat menyebabkan radang usus buntu. Adapun gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan akibat dari infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini umumnya tergantung pada usia, keadaan fisik pasien, adanya kondisi medis yang mendasarinya, dan bioserotipe organisme.\n\nGastroenteritis, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Y. enterocolitica adalah bentuk yersiniosis yang paling sering terjadi dan biasanya menyerang bayi dan anak kecil dibawah 5 tahun. Anak-anak yang terinfeksi Y. enterocolitica dapat mengalami diare akut yang berhubungan dengan demam dan faringitis, diare kronis atau berulang, atau nyeri pada fossa iliaca kanan yang berhubungan dengan adenitis mesenterika. Gejala gastrointestinal ini biasanya dapat sembuh secara spontan dalam waktu dua minggu. Namun, pada beberapa anak ada yang berhasil diobati dengan pemberian kotrimoksazol.\n\nSedangkan, pada anak-anak yang lebih tua dan dewasa muda, yersiniosis akut dapat muncul sebagai sindrom pseudoappendicular, yang dapat menyerupai apendisitis. Dilaporkan bahwa terkadang beberapa gejala dapat terjadi seperti gejala sisa jangka panjang ekstra-usus, termasuk artritis reaktif (ReA), eritema nodosum (EN), uveitis, glomerulonefritis, konjugtivitis dan miokarditis. Sepsis adalah salah satu komplikasi yang jarang terjadi dari infeksi Y. enterocolitica, kecuali pada pasien yang memiliki penyakit yang mendasari predisposisi atau berada dalam keadaan kelebihan zat besi. Sepsis ini dapat terjadi selama transfusi darah. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan terapi antimikroba. Namun, dalam kasus yang parah, kemungkinan terapi antimikroba ini diperlukan.\n\nInfeksi Y. enterocolitica ini biasanya dimulai dengan menelan makanan atau air yang sebelumnya telah terkontaminasi Y. enterocolitica, setelah memasuki perut, patogen ini kemudian melintasi dinding usus, dan terlokalisasi di jaringan limfoid dan kelenjar getah bening mesenterika dan pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan penyakit diare. Bakteri ini memiliki plasmid virulen 70 kilodalton yang dikenal sebagai pYV yang terdapat pada spesies patogen Yersinia termasuk enterocolitica, pestis, dan pseudotuberculosis. Yersinia dapat melintasi epitel usus terutama melalui FAE, di patch Peyer dari ileum (A Grützkau et al. 1990). Dari sini, organisme dapat menyebar ke organ lain.\n\nPada umumnya, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan pengobatan antibiotik. Namun pada beberapa infeksi yang parah, penggunaan antibiotik mungkin diperlukan. Y. enterocolitica biasanya rentan secara in vitro terhadap aminoglikosida, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (TMP-SMZ), piperasilin, siprofloksasin, dan sefalosporin generasi ketiga. Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica juga resisten terhadap penisilin, ampisilin, dan sefalosporin generasi pertama, karena organisme sering menghasilkan beta-laktamase.\n\nBeberapa langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari kemungkinan terinfeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah dengan mencuci tangan setelah terpapar hewan yang terpapar, memastikan pengolahan makanan yang aman, menghindari konsumsi daging babi dan produk mentah, pengolahan air secara rutin dan desinfeksi, dan penyaringan patogen dalam darah dan produk darah.\n\nSumber utama yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah makanan, meskipun isolat patogen jarang ditemukan dari sampel makanan. Salah satu contoh adalah produk daging babi mentah yang telah banyak diteliti karena diyakini ada kaitannya dengan infeksi Y. enterocolitica. Namun, tingkat isolasi bioserotipe patogen Y. enterocolitica ini rendah pada daging babi mentah, kecuali jeroan babi yang dapat dimakan, dengan jenis yang paling umum diisolasi adalah bioserotipe 4/O:3. Dengan rendahnya tingkat isolasi patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam sampel makanan kemungkinan dikarenakan sensitivitas metode kultur yang terbatas.\n\nStern (1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011) melaporkan bahwa Y. enterocolitica dapat tumbuh pada susu murni pada suhu 3. Selain itu, pengurangan bakteri psychrotrophic dalam susu setelah pasteurisasi juga memungkinkan pesaing yang buruk dan patogen oportunistik seperti Y. enterocolitica untuk tumbuh lebih baik dalam susu pasteurisasi daripada di susu mentah. Maka dari itu, keberadaan patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam susu pasteurisasi harus menjadi perhatian.\n\nY. enterocolitica umumnya terdeteksi pada daging dan produk unggas. Menurut B. Swaminathan et al. (1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), tingkat patogen ini ditemukan secara konsisten dalam jumlah tinggi pada daging kemasan vakum dengan pH di atas 6 yang dipertahankan pada suhu rendah. Pertumbuhan patogen ini dapat meningkat pada daging yang dimasak atau pada suhu rendah sedangkan mikroorganisme kompetitif dinonaktifkan.\n\nDiperkirakan bahwa rute penularan yang paling umum dari patogen Y. enterocolitica adalah secara fecal-oral yaitu melalui makanan yang telah terkontaminasi. Sedangkan dari segi kontak langsung dari orang ke orang jarang terjadi. Menurut E. J. Bottone (1999) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), penularan tidak langsung dari orang ke orang tampaknya terjadi dalam beberapa kasus melalui transfusi darah yang terkontaminasi. Satu mata rantai penularan yang mungkin terjadi adalah adanya kontak langsung dengan babi, dan hal ini menjadi risiko umum bagi peternak babi dan pekerja rumah jagal. Namun, penularan patogen Y. enterocolitica dari babi ke manusia ini belum terbukti secara jelas.\n\nPada manusia, sumber utama infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini diasumsikan berasal dari babi dan produk babi lainnya. Patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat ditularkan dari rumah pemotongan hewan ke pabrik pengolahan daging dan kemudian ke tingkat eceran melalui bangkai dan jeroan babi yang terkontaminasi. Daging babi dan jeroan yang terkontaminasi merupakan rantai transmisi penting dari toko ritel ke manusia. Kontaminasi silang jeroan dan babi akan terjadi secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui peralatan, udara dan penjamah makanan di rumah jagal, toko eceran, dan dapur perumahan.\n\nTingkat deteksi patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam produk daging babi mentah telah terbukti tinggi. Namun, untuk konsumsi daging babi mentah hanya memainkan peran terbatas dalam perkembangan yersiniosis. Penularan mungkin lebih sering terjadi melalui daging babi yang dimasak dan produk makanan lain yang kurang matang atau tidak ditangani dengan benar. Menurut X. Wang et al, (2010) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), hewan peliharaan juga dicurigai sebagai sumber yersiniosis manusia karena kontak dekat dengan manusia, terutama anak kecil. Namun, penularan dari hewan peliharaan ke manusia belum terbukti secara akurat.\n\nY. enterocolitica merupakan bakteri yang tergolong pada organisme fakultatif serta memiliki kemampuan berkembang biak baik dalam kondisi aerob maupun anaerob. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti:\n\na. Suhu\n\nKisaran pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica yang dilaporkan C. O. Gill and M. P. Reichel (1989) adalah 2-42 °C. Sedangkan suhu optimalnya adalah 28-29 °C (H. Bercovier et al. 1984). Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica juga dapat berkembang biak dalam makanan seperti daging dan susu pada suhu mendekati 0 °C dan bahkan di bawah 0 °C (W. H. Lee et al. 1980). Hasil penelitian Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), menunjukkan bahwa dalam makanan dengan pH netral yang disimpan pada suhu 5 °C, jumlah Y. enterocolitica dapat meningkat dari 10/mL menjadi 2,8 × 10⁷/mL dalam 5 hari.\n\nProduksi toksin oleh patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat dipengaruhi oleh suhu pertumbuhan serta komposisi bahan makanan. Toksigenik Y. enterocolitica mampu menghasilkan enterotoksin yang stabil terhadap panas dalam susu pada suhu 25 °C tetapi tidak pada suhu 4 °C (D. W. Francis et al. 1980). Sebagian besar sel Y. enterocolitica akan mati atau terluka jika disimpan selama penyimpanan beku pada suhu -20 °C.\n\nb. pH\n\nKisaran pH minimum dimana pertumbuhan bakteri Y. enterocolitica dapat terjadi adalah antara 4,2 dan 4,4 (N. J. Stern et al. 1980), sedangkan dalam media di mana pH telah disesuaikan dengan HCl, pertumbuhan terjadi pada pH 4,18 dan suhu 22 °C (M. Karapinar & S. A. Gonul, 1992). Adanya keberadaan asam organik diduga mampu menurunkan kemampuan Y. enterocolitica untuk berkembang biak pada pH rendah.\n\nc. Aktivitas air\n\nAktivitas air minimum di mana pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica dapat terjadi adalah 0,96. Bakteri Y. enterocolitica ini mampu tumbuh pada 5% garam, tetapi tidak pada 7% garam.\n\nd. Pengawet/ Disinfektan\n\nPertumbuhan bakteri Y. entericolitica dapat dihambat oleh kalium sorbat hingga 5000 ppm pada pH 6,5 dengan cara yang bergantung pada dosis tertentu. Pada pH 5,5 konsentrasi di atas 1000 ppm hampir menghilangkan pertumbuhan atau menyebabkan inaktivasi tergantung pada dosis. Menurut María Victoria Selma et al. (2006) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), perawatan dengan ozon (1,4 dan 1,9 ppm) dan dengan air ozonasi (paparan 1 menit) dapat mengurangi pemuatan patogen.\n\nDengan kemampuan Y. enterocolitica untuk menyebar pada suhu pendinginan dalam makanan kemasan vakum dengan umur simpan yang lama menjadi salah satu perhatian penting dalam upaya menjaga kebersihan makanan. Menurut D. A. Schiemann (1989) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), dikatakan bahwa Y. enterocolitica dapat bertahan hidup dalam makanan beku untuk waktu yang lama. Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica ini tidak dapat tumbuh pada pH < 4,2 atau > 9,0 (T. F. Brocklehurst & B. M. Lund, 1990) atau konsentrasi garam lebih besar dari 7% (Aw < 0,945) (N. J. Stern et al. 1990).\n\nY. enterocolitica tidak termasuk bakteri yang tahan terhadap panas, dimana nilai D pada 62,8 °C selama 15 kultur enterotoksigenik dan 6 kultur nonenterotoksigenik berkisar antara 0,7 hingga 17,8 detik. Selain itu, dalam susu murni steril, sel-sel yang diberi perlakuan panas dihitung pada agar kedelai trypticase dengan ekstrak ragi (D. W. Francis et al. 1980), menunjukkan bahwa Y. enterocolitica ini tidak bertahan dari proses pasteurisasi. Selain tidak bertahan pada suhu pasterurisasi atau pemasakan, Y. enterocolitica ini juga tidak bertahan terhadap perebusan, backing, dan penggorengan normal. Adanya perlakuan panas pada susu dan produk daging pada suhu 60 °C selama 1-3 menit secara efektif dapat menonaktifkan Y. enterocolitica (W. H. Lee et al. 1980). Nilai D yang ditentukan dalam air mendidih adalah 96, 27, dan 11 detik masing-masing pada 58, 60, dan 62 °C.\n\nAdanya kegiatan penyimpanan daging babi yang sering dilakukan di ruang pendingin selama 2-4 hari setelah pemotongan, memungkinkan strain patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat berkembang biak secara signifikan selama periode penyimpanan yang relatif lama ini. Hal ini terjadi karena produk daging mentah yang dikemas ini sebelumnya dapat tetap berada di lemari pendingin eceran selama lebih dari seminggu, tergantung pada produk, kemasan, suasana kemasan, dan tingkat perputaran.\n\nSebagai organisme fakultatif, pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica sangat dipengaruhi oleh atmosfer gas. Dalam kondisi anaerobik, Y. enterocolitica tidak dapat tumbuh pada daging sapi pada pH 5,4-5,8, sedangkan pertumbuhan dapat terjadi pada pH 6,0 (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010). Diketahui bahwa seratus persen dilaporkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010). Dalam kemasan vakum, Y. enterocolitica tumbuh pada semua suhu penyimpanan pada tingkat yang sama atau lebih cepat daripada mikroflora pembusukan. Selain itu, beberapa strain Y. enterocolitica bahkan mampu tumbuh di air pada suhu rendah 4 °C (A. K. Highsmith et al. 1977).\n\n__PAKSADAFTARISI__\n\nKategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1939\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yersinia enterocolitica adalah spesies bakteri gram-negatif, tidak menghasilkan spora, fakultatif anaeobik, yang termasuk ke dalam golongan Enterobacteriacea.","translated_text":"Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative, non-spore-producing, facultative anaeobatic bacterium, which belongs to the class Enterobacteriacea.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3}}Page.97</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada suhu 20-25 °C, bakteri ini dapat bergerak (motil), tetapi pada suhu 37 °C tidak terjadi pergerakan.","translated_text":"At 20-25 °C, these bacteria can move (motile), but at 37 °C there is no movement.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian galur (strain) dari bakteri ini merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit yang penyebarannya terjadi melalui makanan, seperti daging babi dan susu.","translated_text":"Some strains of this bacterium are pathogens that cause diseases that spread through food, such as pork and milk.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3}}Page.97</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain melalui makanan, bakteri ini juga menyebar melalui minuman dan dapat ditemukan pada permukaan air dan sistem pembuangan air.","translated_text":"In addition to food, the bacteria also spread through beverages and can be found on the surface of water and water drainage systems.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Y. enterocolitica dapat beradaptasi dengan suhu dingin dan bahkan tetap bermultiplikasi (memperbanyak diri) pada suhu 4 °C.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica can adapt to cold temperatures and even keep multiplying at 4 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Infeksi Y. enterocolitica pada sistem gastrointestinal dapat menyebabkan enterokolitis, limfadenitis, serta gastroenteritis.","translated_text":"Infection with Y. enterocolitica in the gastrointestinal system can cause enterokolitis, lymphadenitis, as well as gastroenteritis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gejala yang timbul akibat infeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah diare yang diikuti demam, muntah, dan sakit perut (abdominal).","translated_text":"Symptoms resulting from infection with Y. enterocolitica are diarrhea followed by fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":121,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Etiologi","translated_text":"Ethiology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Genus Yersinia mencakup 20 spesies dan 3 di antaranya terkenal dapat menjadi sumber penyakit pada manusia, yaitu Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, dan Y. pseudotuberculosis.","translated_text":"The genus Yersinia includes 20 species and 3 of which are known to be a source of disease in humans, namely Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yersiniosis adalah infeksi zoonosis dengan manusia sebagai inang insidental yang tidak berkontribusi pada siklus hidup patogen.","translated_text":"Yersiniosis is a zoonosis infection with humans as an incidental host that does not contribute to the pathogenic life cycle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref>","char_index":127,"name":":0","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.202693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (58 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bentuk dominan (65% dari semua pasien) yersiniosis adalah adenitis mesenterika yang mengakibatkan enteritis, sindrom pseudo-appendicular, ileitis atau kolitis.","translated_text":"The dominant form (65% of all patients) of yersiniosis is mesenteric adenitis resulting in enteritis, pseudo-appendicular syndrome, ileitis or colitis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tingkat keparahan bentuk ini tergantung pada usia tertentu.","translated_text":"The severity of this form depends on age.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan untuk bentuk ekstra-mesenterika (pada 20-25%), infeksi fokal melalui penyebaran, bentuk septik dan sindrom limfadenopati dapat terjadi setelah atau tanpa enteritis sebelumnya.","translated_text":"As for extra-mesenteric forms (at 20-25%), focal infections through spread, septic forms and lymphadenopathic syndrome can occur after or without prior enteritis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hoogkamp-Korstanje|first=J. A.|last2=de Koning|first2=J.|date=1990-12|title=[Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of Yersinia enterocolitica infections]|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2076902/|journal=Immunitat Und Infektion|volume=18|issue=6|pages=192–197|pmid=2076902}}</ref>","char_index":185,"name":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2076902/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":126629,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.390252-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7275390625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kemungkinan munculnya yersiniosis juga diduga terkait dengan perubahan yang terjadi di peternakan, teknologi pangan, dan industri pangan.","translated_text":"The possibility of yersiniosis is also thought to be related to changes in agriculture, food technology, and the food industry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal terpenting adalah adanya perubahan dalam industri daging, di mana produksi daging telah bergeser dari rumah pemotongan hewan skala kecil, dengan pola distribusi terbatas, ke fasilitas besar yang memproses ribuan babi setiap hari dan mendistribusikan produknya secara nasional dan internasional.","translated_text":"Most importantly, there is a shift in the meat industry, where meat production has shifted from small-scale slaughterhouses, with limited distribution patterns, to large facilities that process thousands of pigs every day and distribute their products nationally and internationally.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini, ukuran peternakan juga telah meningkat, dan metode peternakan juga menjadi lebih intensif.","translated_text":"Nowadays, the size of farms has also increased, and farming methods have also become more intensive.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":100,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain itu, dengan semakin banyaknya kemajuan dalam hal pengemasan dan pendinginan pada produk pangan memungkinkan industri dan konsumen untuk menyimpan makanan untuk waktu yang lebih lama, faktor penting yang berkaitan dengan patogen yang beradaptasi dengan dingin seperti Y. enterocolitica.","translated_text":"In addition, with increasing advances in packaging and refrigeration on food products allowing industry and consumers to store food for longer, important factors related to cold-adapted pathogens such as Y. enterocolitica.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam mempelajari daging babi mentah, tingkat deteksi yang lebih tinggi telah diperoleh dengan PCR yang menargetkan beberapa gen virulensi yang dikodekan secara kromosom daripada dengan metode kultur.","translated_text":"In the study of raw pork, a higher detection rate has been obtained with PCR targeting some chromosomally encoded virulence genes than with culture methods.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam beberapa studi kasus terkontrol, peningkatan risiko yersiniosis telah ditunjukkan ketika daging babi mentah atau setengah matang dikonsumsi.","translated_text":"In some controlled case studies, an increased risk of yersiniosis has been shown when raw or semi-ripe pork is consumed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, epidemiologi infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini sifatnya kompleks dan masih kurang dipahami.","translated_text":"However, the epidemiology of Y. enterocolitica infections is complex and still poorly understood.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":":2","url":"https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.831123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Epidemiologi","translated_text":"Epidemiology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Y. enterocolitica adalah sekelompok strain heterogen, yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan 6 biotipe yang dibedakan oleh uji fisiokimia dan biokimia (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, dan 5), dan dengan serotipe menjadi lebih dari 57 O serogrup, yang dibedakan oleh variasi antigenik di dinding sel lipopolisakarida.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is a group of heterogeneous strains, which are classified based on 6 biotypes distinguished by physiochemical and biochemical tests (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and by serotype into more than 57 O serogroups, which are distinguished by antigenic variations in the lipopolysaccharide cell wall.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":296,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fàbrega|first=Anna|last2=Vila|first2=Jordi|date=2012-01|title=Yersinia enterocolitica: Pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X11002655|journal=Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica|language=en|volume=30|issue=1|pages=24–32|doi=10.1016/j.eimc.2011.07.017}}</ref>","char_index":296,"name":null,"url":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X11002655","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2716,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.863794-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biotipe 1A adalah yang paling heterogen dan mencakup berbagai serotipe, diantaranya serotipe O:5, O:6,30, O:6,31, O:7,8, O: 10, serta strain O-nontypable diisolasi paling sering.","translated_text":"Biotype 1A is the most heterogeneous and includes a variety of serotypes, of which the O:5, O:6,30, O:6,31, O:7,8, O:10 serotypes, and the O-nontypable strain are the most frequently isolated.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan virulensi dari biotipe patogen, yaitu 1B dan 2-5, dikaitkan dengan adanya plasmid virulensi 70-kb yang sangat terkonservasi, disebut pYV/pCD dan gen kromosom tertentu.","translated_text":"The virulence of the pathogenic biotypes, 1B and 2-5, is associated with the presence of highly conserved 70-kb virulence plasmids, called pYV/pCD and certain chromosomal genes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sabina|first=Yeasmin|last2=Rahman|first2=Atiqur|last3=Ray|first3=Ramesh Chandra|last4=Montet|first4=Didier|date=2011|title=Yersinia enterocolitica : Mode of Transmission, Molecular Insights of Virulence, and Pathogenesis of Infection|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/429069/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–10|doi=10.4061/2011/429069|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335483|pmid=22567333}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":null,"url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/429069/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:49.027408-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Adapun sumber utama infeksi Y. enterocolitica pada manusia diasumsikan berasal dari daging babi dan produk babi.","translated_text":"The main source of infection by Y. enterocolitica in humans is thought to have come from pork and pork products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini terjadi karena babi diyakini merupakan reservoir utama patogen Y. enterocolitica.","translated_text":"This is because pigs are believed to be the main reservoir of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun perlu diingat, bahwa belum cukup bukti jelas yang menunjukkan bahwa jalur transmisi seperti itu ada.","translated_text":"Keep in mind, however, that there is not enough clear evidence to suggest that such a transmission line exists.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan menggunakan metode PCR, diketahui bahwa tingkat deteksi terhadap patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam produk daging babi mentah tergolong tinggi, dan hal ini memperkuat asumsi bahwa produk daging babi mentah ini merupakan mata rantai penularan antara babi dengan manusia.","translated_text":"Using the PCR method, it is known that the detection rate of pathogen Y. enterocolitica in raw pork products is high, and this reinforces the assumption that these raw pork products are the source of the transmission chain between pigs and humans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, ditemukannya pola DNA serupa yang diperoleh di antara manusia dan babi strain patogen Y. enterocolitica, menguatkan pandangan bahwa babi merupakan sumber penting yersiniosis manusia.","translated_text":"In addition, the discovery of similar DNA patterns obtained between humans and pigs of the pathogen strain Y. enterocolitica reinforces the view that pigs are an important source of human yersiniosis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>","char_index":194,"name":":2","url":"https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.831123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Infeksi Y. enterocolitica","translated_text":"Infection with Y. enterocolitica","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Bottone (1997) dalam Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al.","translated_text":"According to Bottone (1997) in Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2006), Y. enterocolitica dapat menyebabkan gejala gastrointestinal, mulai dari diare ringan yang dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya, hingga limfadenitis mesenterika akut yang dapat menyebabkan radang usus buntu.","translated_text":"(2006), Y. enterocolitica can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, ranging from mild diarrhea that can heal on its own, to acute mesenteric lymphadenitis that can cause constipation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>","char_index":208,"name":":2","url":"https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.831123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Adapun gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan akibat dari infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini umumnya tergantung pada usia, keadaan fisik pasien, adanya kondisi medis yang mendasarinya, dan bioserotipe organisme.","translated_text":"The clinical symptoms of Y. enterocolitica infection are generally dependent on the patient's age, physical condition, underlying medical condition, and organism bioserotipe.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":198,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gastroenteritis, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Y. enterocolitica adalah bentuk yersiniosis yang paling sering terjadi dan biasanya menyerang bayi dan anak kecil dibawah 5 tahun.","translated_text":"Gastroenteritis, a disease caused by Y. enterocolitica is the most common form of yersiniosis and usually affects infants and young children under 5 years of age.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak","translated_text":"The child","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-anak yang terinfeksi Y. enterocolitica dapat mengalami diare akut yang berhubungan dengan demam dan faringitis, diare kronis atau berulang, atau nyeri pada fossa iliaca kanan yang berhubungan dengan adenitis mesenterika.","translated_text":"- children infected with Y. enterocolitica may experience acute diarrhea associated with fever and pharyngitis, chronic or recurrent diarrhea, or pain in the right iliac fossa associated with mesenteric adenitis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gejala gastrointestinal ini biasanya dapat sembuh secara spontan dalam waktu dua minggu.","translated_text":"These gastrointestinal symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within two weeks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, pada beberapa anak ada yang berhasil diobati dengan pemberian kotrimoksazol.","translated_text":"However, some children have been successfully treated with kotrimoxazole.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marriott|first=Deborah J.E.|last2=Taylor|first2=Sharon|last3=Dorman|first3=David C.|date=1985-11|title=Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x|journal=Medical Journal of Australia|language=en|volume=143|issue=11|pages=489–492|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x|issn=0025-729X}}</ref>","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8500,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:49.206414-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sedangkan, pada anak-anak yang lebih tua dan dewasa muda, yersiniosis akut dapat muncul sebagai sindrom pseudoappendicular, yang dapat menyerupai apendisitis.","translated_text":"In older children and young adults, acute yersiniosis can appear as a pseudoappendicular syndrome, which can resemble appendicitis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dilaporkan bahwa terkadang beberapa gejala dapat terjadi seperti gejala sisa jangka panjang ekstra-usus, termasuk artritis reaktif (ReA), eritema nodosum (EN), uveitis, glomerulonefritis, konjugtivitis dan miokarditis.","translated_text":"It has been reported that occasionally some symptoms may occur such as long-term residual extra-specific symptoms, including reactive arthritis (ReA), erythema nodosum (EN), uveitis, glomerulonephritis, conjugtivitis and myocarditis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sepsis adalah salah satu komplikasi yang jarang terjadi dari infeksi Y. enterocolitica, kecuali pada pasien yang memiliki penyakit yang mendasari predisposisi atau berada dalam keadaan kelebihan zat besi.","translated_text":"Sepsis is one of the rare complications of infection with Y. enterocolitica, except in patients who have a disease underlying predisposition or who are in an iron overload.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sepsis ini dapat terjadi selama transfusi darah.","translated_text":"Sepsis can occur during a blood transfusion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kebanyakan kasus, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan terapi antimikroba.","translated_text":"In most cases, infections can heal on their own and do not require antimicrobial therapy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, dalam kasus yang parah, kemungkinan terapi antimikroba ini diperlukan.","translated_text":"However, in severe cases, this possible antimicrobial therapy is necessary.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":77,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rosner|first=Bettina M|last2=Werber|first2=Dirk|last3=Höhle|first3=Michael|last4=Stark|first4=Klaus|date=2013-12|title=Clinical aspects and self-reported symptoms of sequelae of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in a population-based study, Germany 2009–2010|url=https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-236|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|pages=236|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-13-236|issn=1471-2334|pmc=PMC3669037|pmid=23701958}}</ref>","char_index":77,"name":null,"url":"https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-236","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=\"UTF-8\"","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388960,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:49.277467-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89990234375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini biasanya dimulai dengan menelan makanan atau air yang sebelumnya telah terkontaminasi Y. enterocolitica, setelah memasuki perut, patogen ini kemudian melintasi dinding usus, dan terlokalisasi di jaringan limfoid dan kelenjar getah bening mesenterika dan pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan penyakit diare.","translated_text":"This infection of Y. enterocolitica usually begins by swallowing food or water that has previously been contaminated with Y. enterocolitica, after entering the stomach, the pathogen then crosses the intestinal wall, and localizes into lymphoid tissue and the mesenteric lymph nodes and can eventually cause diarrheal disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini memiliki plasmid virulen 70 kilodalton yang dikenal sebagai pYV yang terdapat pada spesies patogen Yersinia termasuk enterocolitica, pestis, dan pseudotuberculosis.","translated_text":"The bacterium has a 70-kilodalton virulent plasmid known as pYV found in pathogenic species of Yersinia including enterocolitica, pestis, and pseudotuberculosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yersinia dapat melintasi epitel usus terutama melalui FAE, di patch Peyer dari ileum (A Grützkau et al. 1990).","translated_text":"Yersinia can cross the intestinal epithelium primarily through the FAE, in the Peyer patch of the ileum (A Grützkau et al. 1990).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari sini, organisme dapat menyebar ke organ lain.","translated_text":"From here, the organism can spread to other organs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref>","char_index":50,"name":":0","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.202693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (58 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":50,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengobatan","translated_text":"Treatment","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada umumnya, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan pengobatan antibiotik.","translated_text":"In general, infections can heal on their own and do not require antibiotic treatment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun pada beberapa infeksi yang parah, penggunaan antibiotik mungkin diperlukan.","translated_text":"However, in some severe infections, antibiotic use may be necessary.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Y. enterocolitica biasanya rentan secara in vitro terhadap aminoglikosida, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (TMP-SMZ), piperasilin, siprofloksasin, dan sefalosporin generasi ketiga.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is typically susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), piperasillin, siprofloksin, and third generation cephalosporins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica juga resisten terhadap penisilin, ampisilin, dan sefalosporin generasi pertama, karena organisme sering menghasilkan beta-laktamase.","translated_text":"In addition, Y. enterocolitica is also resistant to first-generation penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalosporin, as the organism frequently produces beta-lactamase.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yersinia Enterocolitica Medication: Antibiotics, Other, Carbapenems|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232343-medication|website=emedicine.medscape.com|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref>","char_index":162,"name":null,"url":"https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232343-medication","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":119222,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.057026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73876953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pencegahan","translated_text":"Prevention","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beberapa langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari kemungkinan terinfeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah dengan mencuci tangan setelah terpapar hewan yang terpapar, memastikan pengolahan makanan yang aman, menghindari konsumsi daging babi dan produk mentah, pengolahan air secara rutin dan desinfeksi, dan penyaringan patogen dalam darah dan produk darah.","translated_text":"Some precautions to avoid possible infection with Y. enterocolitica include washing hands after exposure to exposed animals, ensuring safe food processing, avoiding the consumption of pork and raw products, regular water treatment and disinfection, and filtering of pathogens in the blood and blood products.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref>","char_index":344,"name":":0","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.202693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (58 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Y. enterocolitica Terhadap Pencemaran Pangan","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica against food contamination","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sumber utama yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah makanan, meskipun isolat patogen jarang ditemukan dari sampel makanan.","translated_text":"The main source often associated with Y. enterocolitica infection is food, although pathogen isolates are rarely found from food samples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu contoh adalah produk daging babi mentah yang telah banyak diteliti karena diyakini ada kaitannya dengan infeksi Y. enterocolitica.","translated_text":"One example is a raw pork product that has been extensively studied because it is believed to be linked to infection with Y. enterocolitica.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, tingkat isolasi bioserotipe patogen Y. enterocolitica ini rendah pada daging babi mentah, kecuali jeroan babi yang dapat dimakan, dengan jenis yang paling umum diisolasi adalah bioserotipe 4/O:3.","translated_text":"However, the isolation rate of this Y. enterocolitica pathogen bioserotipe is low in raw pork, except edible pork underpants, with the most commonly isolated type being bioserotipe 4/O:3.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan rendahnya tingkat isolasi patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam sampel makanan kemungkinan dikarenakan sensitivitas metode kultur yang terbatas.","translated_text":"The low level of isolation of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica in food samples is likely due to the limited sensitivity of the culture method.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":145,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stern (1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"Stern (1982) in Md. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011) melaporkan bahwa Y. enterocolitica dapat tumbuh pada susu murni pada suhu 3. Selain itu, pengurangan bakteri psychrotrophic dalam susu setelah pasteurisasi juga memungkinkan pesaing yang buruk dan patogen oportunistik seperti Y. enterocolitica untuk tumbuh lebih baik dalam susu pasteurisasi daripada di susu mentah.","translated_text":"(2011) reported that Y. enterocolitica can grow in pure milk at a temperature of 3. In addition, the reduction of psychrotrophic bacteria in milk after pasteurization also allows poor competitors and opportunistic pathogens such as Y. enterocolitica to grow better in pasteurized milk than in raw milk.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka dari itu, keberadaan patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam susu pasteurisasi harus menjadi perhatian.","translated_text":"Therefore, the presence of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica in pasteurized milk should be of concern.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":100,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Y. enterocolitica umumnya terdeteksi pada daging dan produk unggas.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is commonly detected in meat and poultry products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut B. Swaminathan et al.","translated_text":"According to B. Swaminathan et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"(1982) in Md. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011), tingkat patogen ini ditemukan secara konsisten dalam jumlah tinggi pada daging kemasan vakum dengan pH di atas 6 yang dipertahankan pada suhu rendah.","translated_text":"(2011), levels of this pathogen are consistently found in high amounts in vacuum packed meat with a pH above 6 that is maintained at low temperatures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertumbuhan patogen ini dapat meningkat pada daging yang dimasak atau pada suhu rendah sedangkan mikroorganisme kompetitif dinonaktifkan.","translated_text":"The growth of this pathogen may increase in cooked meat or at low temperatures while the competitive microorganism is disabled.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rute Penularan Y. enterocolitica","translated_text":"The route of transmission of Y. enterocolitica","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diperkirakan bahwa rute penularan yang paling umum dari patogen Y. enterocolitica adalah secara fecal-oral yaitu melalui makanan yang telah terkontaminasi.","translated_text":"It is estimated that the most common route of transmission of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica is through fecal-oral means through contaminated food.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan dari segi kontak langsung dari orang ke orang jarang terjadi.","translated_text":"In terms of direct contact from person to person, it's rare.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut E. J. Bottone (1999) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"According to E. J. Bottone (1999) in Md. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011), penularan tidak langsung dari orang ke orang tampaknya terjadi dalam beberapa kasus melalui transfusi darah yang terkontaminasi.","translated_text":"(2011), indirect transmission from person to person appears to occur in some cases through contaminated blood transfusions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Satu mata rantai penularan yang mungkin terjadi adalah adanya kontak langsung dengan babi, dan hal ini menjadi risiko umum bagi peternak babi dan pekerja rumah jagal.","translated_text":"One possible chain of transmission is direct contact with pigs, and this is a common risk for pig farmers and domestic workers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, penularan patogen Y. enterocolitica dari babi ke manusia ini belum terbukti secara jelas.","translated_text":"However, transmission of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica from pigs to humans has not been clearly demonstrated.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":96,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada manusia, sumber utama infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini diasumsikan berasal dari babi dan produk babi lainnya.","translated_text":"In humans, the main source of infection by this Y. enterocolitica is assumed to come from pigs and other pig products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat ditularkan dari rumah pemotongan hewan ke pabrik pengolahan daging dan kemudian ke tingkat eceran melalui bangkai dan jeroan babi yang terkontaminasi.","translated_text":"The pathogen Y. enterocolitica can be transmitted from the slaughterhouse to the meat processing plant and then to the retail level through contaminated pig carcasses and underwear.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Daging babi dan jeroan yang terkontaminasi merupakan rantai transmisi penting dari toko ritel ke manusia.","translated_text":"Contaminated pork and underwear are an important chain of transmission from retail to humans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kontaminasi silang jeroan dan babi akan terjadi secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui peralatan, udara dan penjamah makanan di rumah jagal, toko eceran, dan dapur perumahan.","translated_text":"Cross-contamination of underwear and pigs will occur either directly or indirectly through equipment, air and feeders in grocery stores, retail stores, and residential kitchens.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":179,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tingkat deteksi patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam produk daging babi mentah telah terbukti tinggi.","translated_text":"The detection rate of Y. enterocolitica pathogen in raw pork products has been shown to be high.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, untuk konsumsi daging babi mentah hanya memainkan peran terbatas dalam perkembangan yersiniosis.","translated_text":"However, for raw pork consumption only plays a limited role in the development of yersiniosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penularan mungkin lebih sering terjadi melalui daging babi yang dimasak dan produk makanan lain yang kurang matang atau tidak ditangani dengan benar.","translated_text":"Transmission may occur more frequently through cooked pork and other food products that are less ripe or not handled properly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut X. Wang et al, (2010) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"According to X. Wang et al, (2010) in Md. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011), hewan peliharaan juga dicurigai sebagai sumber yersiniosis manusia karena kontak dekat dengan manusia, terutama anak kecil.","translated_text":"(2011), pets are also suspected of being the source of human yersiniosis due to close contact with humans, especially young children.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, penularan dari hewan peliharaan ke manusia belum terbukti secara akurat.","translated_text":"However, transmission from pets to humans has not been proven accurately.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":79,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica","translated_text":"Factors Affecting Survival and Growth of Y. enterocolitica","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Y. enterocolitica merupakan bakteri yang tergolong pada organisme fakultatif serta memiliki kemampuan berkembang biak baik dalam kondisi aerob maupun anaerob.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is a bacterium that belongs to a facultative organism and has the ability to multiply in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti:","translated_text":"Survival and growth of Y. enterocolitica can be influenced by several factors, such as:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":101,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"a.","translated_text":"a.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suhu","translated_text":"The temperature","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kisaran pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica yang dilaporkan C. O. Gill and M. P. Reichel (1989) adalah 2-42 °C.","translated_text":"The growth range of Y. enterocolitica reported by C. O. Gill and M. P. Reichel (1989) is 2-42 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan suhu optimalnya adalah 28-29 °C (H. Bercovier et al. 1984).","translated_text":"While the optimum temperature is 28-29 °C (H. Bercovier et al. 1984).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica juga dapat berkembang biak dalam makanan seperti daging dan susu pada suhu mendekati 0 °C dan bahkan di bawah 0 °C (W. H. Lee et al. 1980).","translated_text":"In addition, Y. enterocolitica can also breed in foods such as meat and milk at temperatures approaching 0 °C and even below 0 °C (W. H. Lee et al. 1980).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil penelitian Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"The results of the study by Dr. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011), menunjukkan bahwa dalam makanan dengan pH netral yang disimpan pada suhu 5 °C, jumlah Y. enterocolitica dapat meningkat dari 10/mL menjadi 2,8 × 10⁷/mL dalam 5 hari.","translated_text":"(2011), showed that in foods with a neutral pH stored at 5 °C, the amount of Y. enterocolitica can increase from 10/mL to 2.8 × 107/mL in 5 days.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Produksi toksin oleh patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat dipengaruhi oleh suhu pertumbuhan serta komposisi bahan makanan.","translated_text":"The production of toxins by the pathogen Y. enterocolitica can be influenced by the growth temperature as well as the composition of foodstuffs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Toksigenik Y. enterocolitica mampu menghasilkan enterotoksin yang stabil terhadap panas dalam susu pada suhu 25 °C tetapi tidak pada suhu 4 °C (D. W. Francis et al. 1980).","translated_text":"The toxic Y. enterocolitica is capable of producing heat-stable enterotoxins in milk at 25 °C but not at 4 °C (D. W. Francis et al. 1980).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar sel Y. enterocolitica akan mati atau terluka jika disimpan selama penyimpanan beku pada suhu -20 °C.","translated_text":"Most Y. enterocolitica cells will die or become injured if stored during freezing storage at -20 °C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"b. pH","translated_text":"b. pH","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kisaran pH minimum dimana pertumbuhan bakteri Y. enterocolitica dapat terjadi adalah antara 4,2 dan 4,4 (N. J. Stern et al. 1980), sedangkan dalam media di mana pH telah disesuaikan dengan HCl, pertumbuhan terjadi pada pH 4,18 dan suhu 22 °C (M. Karapinar & S. A. Gonul, 1992).","translated_text":"The minimum pH range in which growth of Y. enterocolitica bacteria can occur is between 4.2 and 4.4 (N. J. Stern et al. 1980), whereas in media where pH has been adjusted to HCl, growth occurs at pH 4.18 and a temperature of 22 °C (M. Karapinar & S. A. Gonul, 1992).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Adanya keberadaan asam organik diduga mampu menurunkan kemampuan Y. enterocolitica untuk berkembang biak pada pH rendah.","translated_text":"The presence of organic acid is thought to reduce the ability of Y. enterocolitica to breed at low pH.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"c.","translated_text":"c.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aktivitas air","translated_text":"Water activity","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aktivitas air minimum di mana pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica dapat terjadi adalah 0,96.","translated_text":"The minimum water activity at which growth of Y. enterocolitica can occur is 0.96.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri Y. enterocolitica ini mampu tumbuh pada 5% garam, tetapi tidak pada 7% garam.","translated_text":"This Y. enterocolitica bacteria is capable of growing at 5% salt, but not at 7% salt.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"d. Pengawet/ Disinfektan","translated_text":"d. preservatives/ disinfectants","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pertumbuhan bakteri Y. entericolitica dapat dihambat oleh kalium sorbat hingga 5000 ppm pada pH 6,5 dengan cara yang bergantung pada dosis tertentu.","translated_text":"The growth of Y. entericolitica bacteria can be inhibited by potassium sorbate up to 5000 ppm at pH 6.5 in a dose-dependent manner.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada pH 5,5 konsentrasi di atas 1000 ppm hampir menghilangkan pertumbuhan atau menyebabkan inaktivasi tergantung pada dosis.","translated_text":"At pH 5.5 concentrations above 1000 ppm almost eliminate growth or cause inactivation depending on dose.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut María Victoria Selma et al.","translated_text":"According to María Victoria Selma et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2006) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"(2006) in Md. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011), perawatan dengan ozon (1,4 dan 1,9 ppm) dan dengan air ozonasi (paparan 1 menit) dapat mengurangi pemuatan patogen.","translated_text":"(2011), treatment with ozone (1.4 and 1.9 ppm) and with ozonated water (1 minute exposure) can reduce pathogen loading.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Y. enterocolitica Dalam Makanan","translated_text":"Growth and survival of Y. enterocolitica in food","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan kemampuan Y. enterocolitica untuk menyebar pada suhu pendinginan dalam makanan kemasan vakum dengan umur simpan yang lama menjadi salah satu perhatian penting dalam upaya menjaga kebersihan makanan.","translated_text":"With the ability of Y. enterocolitica to spread at cooling temperatures in vacuum-packed food with a long shelf life becoming one of the important concerns in efforts to maintain food hygiene.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut D. A. Schiemann (1989) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al.","translated_text":"According to D. A. Schiemann (1989) in Md. Latiful Bari et al.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2011), dikatakan bahwa Y. enterocolitica dapat bertahan hidup dalam makanan beku untuk waktu yang lama.","translated_text":"(2011), it is said that Y. enterocolitica can survive in frozen food for a long time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica ini tidak dapat tumbuh pada pH < 4,2 atau > 9,0 (T. F. Brocklehurst & B. M. Lund, 1990) atau konsentrasi garam lebih besar dari 7% (Aw < 0,945) (N. J. Stern et al. 1990).","translated_text":"In addition, this Y. enterocolitica cannot grow at pH < 4.2 or > 9.0 (T. F. Brocklehurst & B. M. Lund, 1990) or a salt concentration greater than 7% (Aw < 0.945) (N. J. Stern et al. 1990).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":200,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Y. enterocolitica tidak termasuk bakteri yang tahan terhadap panas, dimana nilai D pada 62,8 °C selama 15 kultur enterotoksigenik dan 6 kultur nonenterotoksigenik berkisar antara 0,7 hingga 17,8 detik.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica excludes heat-resistant bacteria, where the D value at 62.8 °C during 15 enterotoxic cultures and 6 nonenterotoxic cultures ranges from 0.7 to 17.8 seconds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, dalam susu murni steril, sel-sel yang diberi perlakuan panas dihitung pada agar kedelai trypticase dengan ekstrak ragi (D. W. Francis et al. 1980), menunjukkan bahwa Y. enterocolitica ini tidak bertahan dari proses pasteurisasi.","translated_text":"In addition, in sterile pure milk, heat-treated cells were counted on to produce trypticase soybeans with yeast extracts (D. W. Francis et al. 1980), indicating that this Y. enterocolitica did not survive the pasteurization process.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain tidak bertahan pada suhu pasterurisasi atau pemasakan, Y. enterocolitica ini juga tidak bertahan terhadap perebusan, backing, dan penggorengan normal.","translated_text":"In addition to not resisting the temperature of pasteurization or fermentation, this Y. enterocolitica is also not resistant to normal spraying, backing, and frying.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Adanya perlakuan panas pada susu dan produk daging pada suhu 60 °C selama 1-3 menit secara efektif dapat menonaktifkan Y. enterocolitica (W. H. Lee et al. 1980).","translated_text":"The presence of heat treatment on milk and meat products at 60 °C for 1-3 minutes can effectively disable Y. enterocolitica (W. H. Lee et al. 1980).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nilai D yang ditentukan dalam air mendidih adalah 96, 27, dan 11 detik masing-masing pada 58, 60, dan 62 °C.","translated_text":"The specified D values in boiling water are 96, 27, and 11 seconds respectively at 58, 60, and 62 °C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":108,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Adanya kegiatan penyimpanan daging babi yang sering dilakukan di ruang pendingin selama 2-4 hari setelah pemotongan, memungkinkan strain patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat berkembang biak secara signifikan selama periode penyimpanan yang relatif lama ini.","translated_text":"The presence of pork storage activities that are often carried out in a refrigerated room for 2-4 days after cutting, allows the pathogen strain Y. enterocolitica to multiply significantly during this relatively long storage period.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini terjadi karena produk daging mentah yang dikemas ini sebelumnya dapat tetap berada di lemari pendingin eceran selama lebih dari seminggu, tergantung pada produk, kemasan, suasana kemasan, dan tingkat perputaran.","translated_text":"This is because these previously packaged raw meat products can remain in the retail refrigerator for more than a week, depending on the product, the packaging, the atmosphere, and the rate of rotation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai organisme fakultatif, pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica sangat dipengaruhi oleh atmosfer gas.","translated_text":"As an optional organism, the growth of Y. enterocolitica is heavily influenced by the gas atmosphere.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kondisi anaerobik, Y. enterocolitica tidak dapat tumbuh pada daging sapi pada pH 5,4-5,8, sedangkan pertumbuhan dapat terjadi pada pH 6,0 (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010).","translated_text":"In anaerobic conditions, Y. enterocolitica cannot grow on beef at pH 5.4-5.8, whereas growth can occur at pH 6.0 (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diketahui bahwa seratus persen dilaporkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010).","translated_text":"It is known that one hundred percent is reported to inhibit the growth of Y. enterocolitica (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kemasan vakum, Y. enterocolitica tumbuh pada semua suhu penyimpanan pada tingkat yang sama atau lebih cepat daripada mikroflora pembusukan.","translated_text":"In vacuum packing, Y. enterocolitica grows at all storage temperatures at the same rate or faster than decaying microflora.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, beberapa strain Y. enterocolitica bahkan mampu tumbuh di air pada suhu rendah 4 °C (A. K. Highsmith et al. 1977).","translated_text":"In addition, some strains of Y. enterocolitica are even capable of growing in water at temperatures as low as 4 °C (A. K. Highsmith et al. 1977).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":125,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"_","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"_PAKSADAFTARISI__","translated_text":"I'm not a writer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1939","translated_text":"Category:Bacteria Category:Bacteria described in 1939","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Yersinia enterocolitica adalah spesies bakteri gram-negatif, tidak menghasilkan spora, fakultatif anaeobik, yang termasuk ke dalam golongan Enterobacteriacea.","translated_text":"Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative, non-spore-producing, facultative anaeobatic bacterium, which belongs to the class Enterobacteriacea.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3}}Page.97</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yersinia enterocolitica adalah spesies bakteri gram-negatif, tidak menghasilkan spora, fakultatif anaeobik, yang termasuk ke dalam golongan Enterobacteriacea. Pada suhu 20-25 °C, bakteri ini dapat bergerak (motil), tetapi pada suhu 37 °C tidak terjadi pergerakan.","translated_text":"Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative, non-spore-producing, facultative anaeobatic bacterium, which belongs to the class Enterobacteriacea. At 20-25 °C, these bacteria can move (motile), but at 37 °C there is no movement.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":263,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yersinia enterocolitica adalah spesies bakteri gram-negatif, tidak menghasilkan spora, fakultatif anaeobik, yang termasuk ke dalam golongan Enterobacteriacea. Pada suhu 20-25 °C, bakteri ini dapat bergerak (motil), tetapi pada suhu 37 °C tidak terjadi pergerakan. Sebagian galur (strain) dari bakteri ini merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit yang penyebarannya terjadi melalui makanan, seperti daging babi dan susu.","translated_text":"Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative, non-spore-producing, facultative anaeobatic bacterium, which belongs to the class Enterobacteriacea. At 20-25 °C, these bacteria can move (motile), but at 37 °C there is no movement. Some strains of this bacterium are pathogens that cause diseases that spread through food, such as pork and milk.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3}}Page.97</ref>","char_index":414,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada suhu 20-25 °C, bakteri ini dapat bergerak (motil), tetapi pada suhu 37 °C tidak terjadi pergerakan. Sebagian galur (strain) dari bakteri ini merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit yang penyebarannya terjadi melalui makanan, seperti daging babi dan susu. Selain melalui makanan, bakteri ini juga menyebar melalui minuman dan dapat ditemukan pada permukaan air dan sistem pembuangan air.","translated_text":"At 20-25 °C, these bacteria can move (motile), but at 37 °C there is no movement. Some strains of this bacterium are pathogens that cause diseases that spread through food, such as pork and milk. In addition to food, the bacteria also spread through beverages and can be found on the surface of water and water drainage systems.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":387,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian galur (strain) dari bakteri ini merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit yang penyebarannya terjadi melalui makanan, seperti daging babi dan susu. Selain melalui makanan, bakteri ini juga menyebar melalui minuman dan dapat ditemukan pada permukaan air dan sistem pembuangan air. Y. enterocolitica dapat beradaptasi dengan suhu dingin dan bahkan tetap bermultiplikasi (memperbanyak diri) pada suhu 4 °C.","translated_text":"Some strains of this bacterium are pathogens that cause diseases that spread through food, such as pork and milk. In addition to food, the bacteria also spread through beverages and can be found on the surface of water and water drainage systems. Y. enterocolitica can adapt to cold temperatures and even keep multiplying at 4 °C.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":406,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Y. enterocolitica dapat beradaptasi dengan suhu dingin dan bahkan tetap bermultiplikasi (memperbanyak diri) pada suhu 4 °C. Infeksi Y. enterocolitica pada sistem gastrointestinal dapat menyebabkan enterokolitis, limfadenitis, serta gastroenteritis. Gejala yang timbul akibat infeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah diare yang diikuti demam, muntah, dan sakit perut (abdominal).","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica can adapt to cold temperatures and even keep multiplying at 4 °C. Infection with Y. enterocolitica in the gastrointestinal system can cause enterokolitis, lymphadenitis, as well as gastroenteritis. Symptoms resulting from infection with Y. enterocolitica are diarrhea followed by fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Oski's pediatrics: principles & practice|year= 2006|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-7817-3894-1}}Page.1159-1160</ref>","char_index":370,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Genus Yersinia mencakup 20 spesies dan 3 di antaranya terkenal dapat menjadi sumber penyakit pada manusia, yaitu Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, dan Y. pseudotuberculosis. Yersiniosis adalah infeksi zoonosis dengan manusia sebagai inang insidental yang tidak berkontribusi pada siklus hidup patogen.","translated_text":"The genus Yersinia includes 20 species and 3 of which are known to be a source of disease in humans, namely Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Yersiniosis is a zoonosis infection with humans as an incidental host that does not contribute to the pathogenic life cycle.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref>","char_index":297,"name":":0","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.202693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (58 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bentuk dominan (65% dari semua pasien) yersiniosis adalah adenitis mesenterika yang mengakibatkan enteritis, sindrom pseudo-appendicular, ileitis atau kolitis. Tingkat keparahan bentuk ini tergantung pada usia tertentu. Sedangkan untuk bentuk ekstra-mesenterika (pada 20-25%), infeksi fokal melalui penyebaran, bentuk septik dan sindrom limfadenopati dapat terjadi setelah atau tanpa enteritis sebelumnya.","translated_text":"The dominant form (65% of all patients) of yersiniosis is mesenteric adenitis resulting in enteritis, pseudo-appendicular syndrome, ileitis or colitis. The severity of this form depends on age. As for extra-mesenteric forms (at 20-25%), focal infections through spread, septic forms and lymphadenopathic syndrome can occur after or without prior enteritis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hoogkamp-Korstanje|first=J. A.|last2=de Koning|first2=J.|date=1990-12|title=[Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of Yersinia enterocolitica infections]|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2076902/|journal=Immunitat Und Infektion|volume=18|issue=6|pages=192–197|pmid=2076902}}</ref>","char_index":405,"name":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2076902/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":126629,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.390252-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7275390625}]},{"text":"Kemungkinan munculnya yersiniosis juga diduga terkait dengan perubahan yang terjadi di peternakan, teknologi pangan, dan industri pangan. Hal terpenting adalah adanya perubahan dalam industri daging, di mana produksi daging telah bergeser dari rumah pemotongan hewan skala kecil, dengan pola distribusi terbatas, ke fasilitas besar yang memproses ribuan babi setiap hari dan mendistribusikan produknya secara nasional dan internasional. Saat ini, ukuran peternakan juga telah meningkat, dan metode peternakan juga menjadi lebih intensif.","translated_text":"The possibility of yersiniosis is also thought to be related to changes in agriculture, food technology, and the food industry. Most importantly, there is a shift in the meat industry, where meat production has shifted from small-scale slaughterhouses, with limited distribution patterns, to large facilities that process thousands of pigs every day and distribute their products nationally and internationally. Nowadays, the size of farms has also increased, and farming methods have also become more intensive.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":537,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam mempelajari daging babi mentah, tingkat deteksi yang lebih tinggi telah diperoleh dengan PCR yang menargetkan beberapa gen virulensi yang dikodekan secara kromosom daripada dengan metode kultur. Dalam beberapa studi kasus terkontrol, peningkatan risiko yersiniosis telah ditunjukkan ketika daging babi mentah atau setengah matang dikonsumsi. Namun, epidemiologi infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini sifatnya kompleks dan masih kurang dipahami.","translated_text":"In the study of raw pork, a higher detection rate has been obtained with PCR targeting some chromosomally encoded virulence genes than with culture methods. In some controlled case studies, an increased risk of yersiniosis has been shown when raw or semi-ripe pork is consumed. However, the epidemiology of Y. enterocolitica infections is complex and still poorly understood.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":442,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>","char_index":442,"name":":2","url":"https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.831123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Y. enterocolitica adalah sekelompok strain heterogen, yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan 6 biotipe yang dibedakan oleh uji fisiokimia dan biokimia (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, dan 5), dan dengan serotipe menjadi lebih dari 57 O serogrup, yang dibedakan oleh variasi antigenik di dinding sel lipopolisakarida.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is a group of heterogeneous strains, which are classified based on 6 biotypes distinguished by physiochemical and biochemical tests (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and by serotype into more than 57 O serogroups, which are distinguished by antigenic variations in the lipopolysaccharide cell wall.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":296,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fàbrega|first=Anna|last2=Vila|first2=Jordi|date=2012-01|title=Yersinia enterocolitica: Pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X11002655|journal=Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica|language=en|volume=30|issue=1|pages=24–32|doi=10.1016/j.eimc.2011.07.017}}</ref>","char_index":296,"name":null,"url":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213005X11002655","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2716,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.863794-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Y. enterocolitica adalah sekelompok strain heterogen, yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan 6 biotipe yang dibedakan oleh uji fisiokimia dan biokimia (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, dan 5), dan dengan serotipe menjadi lebih dari 57 O serogrup, yang dibedakan oleh variasi antigenik di dinding sel lipopolisakarida. Biotipe 1A adalah yang paling heterogen dan mencakup berbagai serotipe, diantaranya serotipe O:5, O:6,30, O:6,31, O:7,8, O: 10, serta strain O-nontypable diisolasi paling sering. Sedangkan virulensi dari biotipe patogen, yaitu 1B dan 2-5, dikaitkan dengan adanya plasmid virulensi 70-kb yang sangat terkonservasi, disebut pYV/pCD dan gen kromosom tertentu.","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is a group of heterogeneous strains, which are classified based on 6 biotypes distinguished by physiochemical and biochemical tests (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and by serotype into more than 57 O serogroups, which are distinguished by antigenic variations in the lipopolysaccharide cell wall. Biotype 1A is the most heterogeneous and includes a variety of serotypes, of which the O:5, O:6,30, O:6,31, O:7,8, O:10 serotypes, and the O-nontypable strain are the most frequently isolated. The virulence of the pathogenic biotypes, 1B and 2-5, is associated with the presence of highly conserved 70-kb virulence plasmids, called pYV/pCD and certain chromosomal genes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":653,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sabina|first=Yeasmin|last2=Rahman|first2=Atiqur|last3=Ray|first3=Ramesh Chandra|last4=Montet|first4=Didier|date=2011|title=Yersinia enterocolitica : Mode of Transmission, Molecular Insights of Virulence, and Pathogenesis of Infection|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/429069/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–10|doi=10.4061/2011/429069|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335483|pmid=22567333}}</ref>","char_index":653,"name":null,"url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/429069/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:49.027408-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun perlu diingat, bahwa belum cukup bukti jelas yang menunjukkan bahwa jalur transmisi seperti itu ada. Dengan menggunakan metode PCR, diketahui bahwa tingkat deteksi terhadap patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam produk daging babi mentah tergolong tinggi, dan hal ini memperkuat asumsi bahwa produk daging babi mentah ini merupakan mata rantai penularan antara babi dengan manusia. Selain itu, ditemukannya pola DNA serupa yang diperoleh di antara manusia dan babi strain patogen Y. enterocolitica, menguatkan pandangan bahwa babi merupakan sumber penting yersiniosis manusia.","translated_text":"Keep in mind, however, that there is not enough clear evidence to suggest that such a transmission line exists. Using the PCR method, it is known that the detection rate of pathogen Y. enterocolitica in raw pork products is high, and this reinforces the assumption that these raw pork products are the source of the transmission chain between pigs and humans. In addition, the discovery of similar DNA patterns obtained between humans and pigs of the pathogen strain Y. enterocolitica reinforces the view that pigs are an important source of human yersiniosis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>","char_index":575,"name":":2","url":"https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.831123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut Bottone (1997) dalam Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. (2006), Y. enterocolitica dapat menyebabkan gejala gastrointestinal, mulai dari diare ringan yang dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya, hingga limfadenitis mesenterika akut yang dapat menyebabkan radang usus buntu.","translated_text":"According to Bottone (1997) in Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. (2006), Y. enterocolitica can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, ranging from mild diarrhea that can heal on its own, to acute mesenteric lymphadenitis that can cause constipation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":2\">{{Cite journal|last=Fredriksson-Ahomaa|first=Maria|last2=Stolle|first2=Andreas|last3=Korkeala|first3=Hannu|date=2006-08|title=Molecular epidemiology of Yersinia enterocolitica infections|url=https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x|journal=FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=3|pages=315–329|doi=10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x}}</ref>","char_index":269,"name":":2","url":"https://academic.oup.com/femspd/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00095.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.831123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut Bottone (1997) dalam Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. (2006), Y. enterocolitica dapat menyebabkan gejala gastrointestinal, mulai dari diare ringan yang dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya, hingga limfadenitis mesenterika akut yang dapat menyebabkan radang usus buntu. Adapun gejala klinis yang ditimbulkan akibat dari infeksi Y. enterocolitica ini umumnya tergantung pada usia, keadaan fisik pasien, adanya kondisi medis yang mendasarinya, dan bioserotipe organisme.","translated_text":"According to Bottone (1997) in Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa et al. (2006), Y. enterocolitica can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, ranging from mild diarrhea that can heal on its own, to acute mesenteric lymphadenitis that can cause constipation. The clinical symptoms of Y. enterocolitica infection are generally dependent on the patient's age, physical condition, underlying medical condition, and organism bioserotipe.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":468,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gastroenteritis, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Y. enterocolitica adalah bentuk yersiniosis yang paling sering terjadi dan biasanya menyerang bayi dan anak kecil dibawah 5 tahun.","translated_text":"Gastroenteritis, a disease caused by Y. enterocolitica is the most common form of yersiniosis and usually affects infants and young children under 5 years of age.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-anak yang terinfeksi Y. enterocolitica dapat mengalami diare akut yang berhubungan dengan demam dan faringitis, diare kronis atau berulang, atau nyeri pada fossa iliaca kanan yang berhubungan dengan adenitis mesenterika. Gejala gastrointestinal ini biasanya dapat sembuh secara spontan dalam waktu dua minggu. Namun, pada beberapa anak ada yang berhasil diobati dengan pemberian kotrimoksazol.","translated_text":"- children infected with Y. enterocolitica may experience acute diarrhea associated with fever and pharyngitis, chronic or recurrent diarrhea, or pain in the right iliac fossa associated with mesenteric adenitis. These gastrointestinal symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within two weeks. However, some children have been successfully treated with kotrimoxazole.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marriott|first=Deborah J.E.|last2=Taylor|first2=Sharon|last3=Dorman|first3=David C.|date=1985-11|title=Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x|journal=Medical Journal of Australia|language=en|volume=143|issue=11|pages=489–492|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x|issn=0025-729X}}</ref>","char_index":394,"name":null,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb119908.x","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8500,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:49.206414-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sepsis ini dapat terjadi selama transfusi darah. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, infeksi dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dan tidak memerlukan terapi antimikroba. Namun, dalam kasus yang parah, kemungkinan terapi antimikroba ini diperlukan.","translated_text":"Sepsis can occur during a blood transfusion. In most cases, infections can heal on their own and do not require antimicrobial therapy. However, in severe cases, this possible antimicrobial therapy is necessary.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rosner|first=Bettina M|last2=Werber|first2=Dirk|last3=Höhle|first3=Michael|last4=Stark|first4=Klaus|date=2013-12|title=Clinical aspects and self-reported symptoms of sequelae of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in a population-based study, Germany 2009–2010|url=https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-236|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|pages=236|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-13-236|issn=1471-2334|pmc=PMC3669037|pmid=23701958}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":null,"url":"https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-236","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=\"UTF-8\"","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":388960,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:49.277467-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89990234375}]},{"text":"Bakteri ini memiliki plasmid virulen 70 kilodalton yang dikenal sebagai pYV yang terdapat pada spesies patogen Yersinia termasuk enterocolitica, pestis, dan pseudotuberculosis. Yersinia dapat melintasi epitel usus terutama melalui FAE, di patch Peyer dari ileum (A Grützkau et al. 1990). Dari sini, organisme dapat menyebar ke organ lain.","translated_text":"The bacterium has a 70-kilodalton virulent plasmid known as pYV found in pathogenic species of Yersinia including enterocolitica, pestis, and pseudotuberculosis. Yersinia can cross the intestinal epithelium primarily through the FAE, in the Peyer patch of the ileum (A Grützkau et al. 1990). From here, the organism can spread to other organs.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref>","char_index":338,"name":":0","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.202693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (58 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":338,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun pada beberapa infeksi yang parah, penggunaan antibiotik mungkin diperlukan. Y. enterocolitica biasanya rentan secara in vitro terhadap aminoglikosida, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (TMP-SMZ), piperasilin, siprofloksasin, dan sefalosporin generasi ketiga. Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica juga resisten terhadap penisilin, ampisilin, dan sefalosporin generasi pertama, karena organisme sering menghasilkan beta-laktamase.","translated_text":"However, in some severe infections, antibiotic use may be necessary. Y. enterocolitica is typically susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), piperasillin, siprofloksin, and third generation cephalosporins. In addition, Y. enterocolitica is also resistant to first-generation penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalosporin, as the organism frequently produces beta-lactamase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yersinia Enterocolitica Medication: Antibiotics, Other, Carbapenems|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232343-medication|website=emedicine.medscape.com|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref>","char_index":449,"name":null,"url":"https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232343-medication","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":119222,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.057026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73876953125}]},{"text":"Beberapa langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari kemungkinan terinfeksi Y. enterocolitica adalah dengan mencuci tangan setelah terpapar hewan yang terpapar, memastikan pengolahan makanan yang aman, menghindari konsumsi daging babi dan produk mentah, pengolahan air secara rutin dan desinfeksi, dan penyaringan patogen dalam darah dan produk darah.","translated_text":"Some precautions to avoid possible infection with Y. enterocolitica include washing hands after exposure to exposed animals, ensuring safe food processing, avoiding the consumption of pork and raw products, regular water treatment and disinfection, and filtering of pathogens in the blood and blood products.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite book|last=Aziz|first=Muhammad|last2=Yelamanchili|first2=Varun S.|date=2021|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/|title=StatPearls|location=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29763012}}</ref>","char_index":344,"name":":0","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499837/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.202693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (58 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Salah satu contoh adalah produk daging babi mentah yang telah banyak diteliti karena diyakini ada kaitannya dengan infeksi Y. enterocolitica. Namun, tingkat isolasi bioserotipe patogen Y. enterocolitica ini rendah pada daging babi mentah, kecuali jeroan babi yang dapat dimakan, dengan jenis yang paling umum diisolasi adalah bioserotipe 4/O:3. Dengan rendahnya tingkat isolasi patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam sampel makanan kemungkinan dikarenakan sensitivitas metode kultur yang terbatas.","translated_text":"One example is a raw pork product that has been extensively studied because it is believed to be linked to infection with Y. enterocolitica. However, the isolation rate of this Y. enterocolitica pathogen bioserotipe is low in raw pork, except edible pork underpants, with the most commonly isolated type being bioserotipe 4/O:3. The low level of isolation of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica in food samples is likely due to the limited sensitivity of the culture method.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":490,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Stern (1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011) melaporkan bahwa Y. enterocolitica dapat tumbuh pada susu murni pada suhu 3. Selain itu, pengurangan bakteri psychrotrophic dalam susu setelah pasteurisasi juga memungkinkan pesaing yang buruk dan patogen oportunistik seperti Y. enterocolitica untuk tumbuh lebih baik dalam susu pasteurisasi daripada di susu mentah. Maka dari itu, keberadaan patogen Y. enterocolitica dalam susu pasteurisasi harus menjadi perhatian.","translated_text":"Stern (1982) in Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011) reported that Y. enterocolitica can grow in pure milk at a temperature of 3. In addition, the reduction of psychrotrophic bacteria in milk after pasteurization also allows poor competitors and opportunistic pathogens such as Y. enterocolitica to grow better in pasteurized milk than in raw milk. Therefore, the presence of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica in pasteurized milk should be of concern.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":467,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(1982) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), tingkat patogen ini ditemukan secara konsisten dalam jumlah tinggi pada daging kemasan vakum dengan pH di atas 6 yang dipertahankan pada suhu rendah. Pertumbuhan patogen ini dapat meningkat pada daging yang dimasak atau pada suhu rendah sedangkan mikroorganisme kompetitif dinonaktifkan.","translated_text":"(1982) in Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), levels of this pathogen are consistently found in high amounts in vacuum packed meat with a pH above 6 that is maintained at low temperatures. The growth of this pathogen may increase in cooked meat or at low temperatures while the competitive microorganism is disabled.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":332,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(2011), penularan tidak langsung dari orang ke orang tampaknya terjadi dalam beberapa kasus melalui transfusi darah yang terkontaminasi. Satu mata rantai penularan yang mungkin terjadi adalah adanya kontak langsung dengan babi, dan hal ini menjadi risiko umum bagi peternak babi dan pekerja rumah jagal. Namun, penularan patogen Y. enterocolitica dari babi ke manusia ini belum terbukti secara jelas.","translated_text":"(2011), indirect transmission from person to person appears to occur in some cases through contaminated blood transfusions. One possible chain of transmission is direct contact with pigs, and this is a common risk for pig farmers and domestic workers. However, transmission of the pathogen Y. enterocolitica from pigs to humans has not been clearly demonstrated.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":400,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat ditularkan dari rumah pemotongan hewan ke pabrik pengolahan daging dan kemudian ke tingkat eceran melalui bangkai dan jeroan babi yang terkontaminasi. Daging babi dan jeroan yang terkontaminasi merupakan rantai transmisi penting dari toko ritel ke manusia. Kontaminasi silang jeroan dan babi akan terjadi secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui peralatan, udara dan penjamah makanan di rumah jagal, toko eceran, dan dapur perumahan.","translated_text":"The pathogen Y. enterocolitica can be transmitted from the slaughterhouse to the meat processing plant and then to the retail level through contaminated pig carcasses and underwear. Contaminated pork and underwear are an important chain of transmission from retail to humans. Cross-contamination of underwear and pigs will occur either directly or indirectly through equipment, air and feeders in grocery stores, retail stores, and residential kitchens.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":468,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut X. Wang et al, (2010) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), hewan peliharaan juga dicurigai sebagai sumber yersiniosis manusia karena kontak dekat dengan manusia, terutama anak kecil. Namun, penularan dari hewan peliharaan ke manusia belum terbukti secara akurat.","translated_text":"According to X. Wang et al, (2010) in Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), pets are also suspected of being the source of human yersiniosis due to close contact with humans, especially young children. However, transmission from pets to humans has not been proven accurately.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":271,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Y. enterocolitica merupakan bakteri yang tergolong pada organisme fakultatif serta memiliki kemampuan berkembang biak baik dalam kondisi aerob maupun anaerob. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti:","translated_text":"Y. enterocolitica is a bacterium that belongs to a facultative organism and has the ability to multiply in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Survival and growth of Y. enterocolitica can be influenced by several factors, such as:","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":260,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut D. A. Schiemann (1989) dalam Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), dikatakan bahwa Y. enterocolitica dapat bertahan hidup dalam makanan beku untuk waktu yang lama. Selain itu, Y. enterocolitica ini tidak dapat tumbuh pada pH < 4,2 atau > 9,0 (T. F. Brocklehurst & B. M. Lund, 1990) atau konsentrasi garam lebih besar dari 7% (Aw < 0,945) (N. J. Stern et al. 1990).","translated_text":"According to D. A. Schiemann (1989) in Md. Latiful Bari et al. (2011), it is said that Y. enterocolitica can survive in frozen food for a long time. In addition, this Y. enterocolitica cannot grow at pH < 4.2 or > 9.0 (T. F. Brocklehurst & B. M. Lund, 1990) or a salt concentration greater than 7% (Aw < 0.945) (N. J. Stern et al. 1990).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":366,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain tidak bertahan pada suhu pasterurisasi atau pemasakan, Y. enterocolitica ini juga tidak bertahan terhadap perebusan, backing, dan penggorengan normal. Adanya perlakuan panas pada susu dan produk daging pada suhu 60 °C selama 1-3 menit secara efektif dapat menonaktifkan Y. enterocolitica (W. H. Lee et al. 1980). Nilai D yang ditentukan dalam air mendidih adalah 96, 27, dan 11 detik masing-masing pada 58, 60, dan 62 °C.","translated_text":"In addition to not resisting the temperature of pasteurization or fermentation, this Y. enterocolitica is also not resistant to normal spraying, backing, and frying. The presence of heat treatment on milk and meat products at 60 °C for 1-3 minutes can effectively disable Y. enterocolitica (W. H. Lee et al. 1980). The specified D values in boiling water are 96, 27, and 11 seconds respectively at 58, 60, and 62 °C.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":428,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Adanya kegiatan penyimpanan daging babi yang sering dilakukan di ruang pendingin selama 2-4 hari setelah pemotongan, memungkinkan strain patogen Y. enterocolitica dapat berkembang biak secara signifikan selama periode penyimpanan yang relatif lama ini. Hal ini terjadi karena produk daging mentah yang dikemas ini sebelumnya dapat tetap berada di lemari pendingin eceran selama lebih dari seminggu, tergantung pada produk, kemasan, suasana kemasan, dan tingkat perputaran.","translated_text":"The presence of pork storage activities that are often carried out in a refrigerated room for 2-4 days after cutting, allows the pathogen strain Y. enterocolitica to multiply significantly during this relatively long storage period. This is because these previously packaged raw meat products can remain in the retail refrigerator for more than a week, depending on the product, the packaging, the atmosphere, and the rate of rotation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":472,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Diketahui bahwa seratus persen dilaporkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Y. enterocolitica (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010). Dalam kemasan vakum, Y. enterocolitica tumbuh pada semua suhu penyimpanan pada tingkat yang sama atau lebih cepat daripada mikroflora pembusukan. Selain itu, beberapa strain Y. enterocolitica bahkan mampu tumbuh di air pada suhu rendah 4 °C (A. K. Highsmith et al. 1977).","translated_text":"It is known that one hundred percent is reported to inhibit the growth of Y. enterocolitica (C. A. Conte-Junior et al. 2010). In vacuum packing, Y. enterocolitica grows at all storage temperatures at the same rate or faster than decaying microflora. In addition, some strains of Y. enterocolitica are even capable of growing in water at temperatures as low as 4 °C (A. K. Highsmith et al. 1977).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":1\">{{Cite journal|last=Bari|first=Md. Latiful|last2=Hossain|first2=M. Anwar|last3=Isshiki|first3=Kenji|last4=Ukuku|first4=Dike|date=2011|title=Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Foods|url=http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/|journal=Journal of Pathogens|language=en|volume=2011|pages=1–13|doi=10.4061/2011/420732|issn=2090-3065|pmc=PMC3335665|pmid=22567332}}</ref>","char_index":394,"name":":1","url":"http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/420732/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:48.678832-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Rîbnița","wikicode":"{{Infobox settlement\n| settlement_type                 = [[Kota]]\n | official_name = Rîbnița\n | nickname = \n | motto = \n | image_skyline = Вид Рыбницы.jpg\n | image_caption = Citra Rîbnița\n | image_flag = \n | image_seal = \n | image_map = \n | map_caption = \n |coordinates_region = \n |subdivision_type = [[Negara]]\n |subdivision_type1 = \n |subdivision_type2 = \n |subdivision_name = {{flag|Moldova}} ''de jure''<br>{{flag|Transnistria}} ''de facto''\n |subdivision_name1 = \n |subdivision_name2 = \n | established_title = Pendirian\n | established_date = 1628\n | established_title2 = \n | established_date2 = \n | government_type = \n | leader_title = Wali kota\n | leader_name = [[Yuriy Mihailovich Platonov]]\n | area_magnitude = \n | area_total_sq_mi =\n | area_total_km2 =\n | area_land_sq_mi = \n | area_land_km2 = \n | area_water_sq_mi = \n | area_water_km2 = \n | area_urban_sq_mi = \n | area_urban_km2 = \n | area_metro_km2 = \n | area_metro_sq_mi = \n | population_as_of=2004\n | population_footnotes =\n | population_total = 56.988\n | population_urban = \n | population_metro = \n | population_density_sq_mi = \n | population_density_km2 = \n | timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]\n | utc_offset = +2\n | timezone_DST = \n | utc_offset_DST = \n | latd = 47| latm = 46| lats = | latNS = N\n | longd = 29| longm = 0 | longs = | longEW = E\n | elevation_footnotes=\n | elevation_ft = \n | elevation_m =\n | website = \n | footnotes =\n}}\n'''Rîbnița''', juga dieja '''Râbnița''' ({{lang-ro|Rîbnița, Râbnița}}, {{lang-pl|Rybnica}}, {{lang-ru|''Рыбница, Rybnitsa''}}) adalah kota yang terletak di [[Transnistria]], [[Moldova]].\n\nMenurut sensus Transnistria tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesa 53.648 jiwa. Rîbnița berada di tepi [[sungai Dniester]].\n\n== Kota kembar ==\n* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Dmitrov]], [[Rusia]]\n* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Vinnytsia]], [[Ukraina]]\n* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Hola Prystan]], [[Ukraina]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{pl}} [http://www.dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_X/61 Rybnica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321201253/http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_X/61 |date=2012-03-21 }} (Rîbnița) in the [[Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1889)\n* [http://www.rybnitsa.biz/ City portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302032007/http://www.rybnitsa.biz/ |date=2014-03-02 }}\n* [http://www.bendery.md/map/pmr/rybnitsa_map2.html Map of Rîbnița]\n\n{{coord|47|46|N|29|0|E|display=title}}\n{{geo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Transnistria]]","hash":"dbca67327a63deea8faee4877f76e62811475a4d1247180b9d005390760c89b4","last_revision":"2022-08-18T03:08:41Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T10:47:22Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.512725","cross_lingual_links":{"be":"Рыбніца","be-x-old":"Рыбніца (Малдова)","bg":"Ръбница","ceb":"Rîbnița (lungsod)","crh":"Rıbnitsa","cs":"Rybnica","da":"Rîbniţa","de":"Rîbnița","dsb":"Rîbnița","el":"Ρύμπνιτσα","en":"Rîbnița","es":"Rîbnița","et":"Rîbnița","fa":"ریبنیتا","fi":"Rîbnița","fr":"Rîbnița","gag":"Rıbniţa","he":"ריבניצה","hr":"Rîbnița","hsb":"Rîbnița","hu":"Rîbnița","it":"Rîbnița","ja":"ルィブニツァ","ka":"რიბნიცა","ko":"르브니차","lt":"Ribnica","lv":"Ribņica","mk":"Рибница (Молдавија)","nl":"Rîbnița","nn":"Rîbnița","oc":"Râbnița","os":"Рыбницæ","pl":"Rybnica (miasto)","pt":"Rîbnița","ro":"Rîbnița","ru":"Рыбница","sr":"Рибница (Молдавија)","sv":"Rîbnița","uk":"Рибниця","vi":"Rîbnița","yi":"ריבניץ","zh":"勒布尼察"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Rîbnița, juga dieja Râbnița (, , ) adalah kota yang terletak di Transnistria, Moldova.\n\nMenurut sensus Transnistria tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesa 53.648 jiwa. Rîbnița berada di tepi sungai Dniester.\n\nDmitrov, Rusia Vinnytsia, Ukraina Hola Prystan, Ukraina\n\nRybnica (Rîbnița) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1889) City portal Map of Rîbnița\n\nKategori:Kota di Transnistria\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox settlement\n| settlement_type                 = [[Kota]]\n | official_name = Rîbnița\n | nickname = \n | motto = \n | image_skyline = Вид Рыбницы.jpg\n | image_caption = Citra Rîbnița\n | image_flag = \n | image_seal = \n | image_map = \n | map_caption = \n |coordinates_region = \n |subdivision_type = [[Negara]]\n |subdivision_type1 = \n |subdivision_type2 = \n |subdivision_name = {{flag|Moldova}} ''de jure''<br>{{flag|Transnistria}} ''de facto''\n |subdivision_name1 = \n |subdivision_name2 = \n | established_title = Pendirian\n | established_date = 1628\n | established_title2 = \n | established_date2 = \n | government_type = \n | leader_title = Wali kota\n | leader_name = [[Yuriy Mihailovich Platonov]]\n | area_magnitude = \n | area_total_sq_mi =\n | area_total_km2 =\n | area_land_sq_mi = \n | area_land_km2 = \n | area_water_sq_mi = \n | area_water_km2 = \n | area_urban_sq_mi = \n | area_urban_km2 = \n | area_metro_km2 = \n | area_metro_sq_mi = \n | population_as_of=2004\n | population_footnotes =\n | population_total = 56.988\n | population_urban = \n | population_metro = \n | population_density_sq_mi = \n | population_density_km2 = \n | timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]\n | utc_offset = +2\n | timezone_DST = \n | utc_offset_DST = \n | latd = 47| latm = 46| lats = | latNS = N\n | longd = 29| longm = 0 | longs = | longEW = E\n | elevation_footnotes=\n | elevation_ft = \n | elevation_m =\n | website = \n | footnotes =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rîbnița, juga dieja Râbnița (, , ) adalah kota yang terletak di Transnistria, Moldova.","translated_text":"Rîbnița, also spelled Râbnița (, , ) is a city located in Transnistria, Moldova.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut sensus Transnistria tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesa 53.648 jiwa.","translated_text":"According to the 2004 Transnistrian census, the city had a population of 53,648.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rîbnița berada di tepi sungai Dniester.","translated_text":"Rîbnița is situated on the banks of the river Dniester.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kota kembar","translated_text":"The Twin Cities","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dmitrov, Rusia Vinnytsia, Ukraina Hola Prystan, Ukraina","translated_text":"Dmitrov, Russia Vinnytsia, Ukraine Hola Prystan, Ukraine","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rybnica (Rîbnița) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1889)","translated_text":"Rybnica (Rîbnița) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1889)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321201253/http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_X/61 |date=2012-03-21 }}","char_index":8,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120321201253/http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_X/61","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.371103-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"City portal Map of 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+{"title":"Serratia marcescens","wikicode":"{{Taxobox\n| color = abu-abu terang\n| image = Serratia marcescens 01.jpg\n| image_width = 240px\n| image_caption = ''S.&nbsp;marcescens'' yang ditumbuhkan pada media agar XLD.\n| regnum = [[Bacteria]]\n| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]\n| classis = [[Gamma Proteobacteria]]\n| ordo = [[Enterobacteriaceae|Enterobacteriales]]\n| familia = [[Enterobacteriaceae]]\n| genus = ''[[Serratia]]''\n| species = '''''S.&nbsp;marcescens'''''\n| binomial = ''Serratia marcescens''\n| binomial_authority = Bizio 1823\n}}\n\n'''''Serratia marcescens''''' adalah salah satu [[spesies]] [[bakteri]] [[patogen]] oportunistik dari famili ''Enterobacteriaceae''.<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news|first =|last =|author = Basilio J Anía|coauthors =|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview|title = Serratia|work =|publisher = Medscape|pages = |page = |date = 4 November 2009|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010|quote =}}\n</ref> Dulunya bakteri ini disebut ''Monas prodigiosus'' atau ''Bacillus prodigiosus''. Namun sejak tahun 1920-an, seorang [[apoteker]] [[Venesia]] bernama [[Bartolomeo Bizio]] mengganti nama [[spesies]] ini menjadi ''Serratia'' dari nama seorang [[fisikawan]], [[Serafino Serrati]], dan ''marcescens'' yang berarti \"memudar\" (karena bakteri ini dapat mengalami pemudaran warna koloni).<ref name=\"b\" /> Beberapa karakteristik dari [[bakteri]] ini adalah motil (bergerak), berbentuk batang, anaerob fakultatif, ber[[diameter]] 0,5-0,8&nbsp;µm dan [[panjang]] 0,9-2&nbsp;µm.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news\n|first = \n|last = \n|author = David R. Caprette\n|coauthors = \n|url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf\n|title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = \n|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010\n|quote = \n|archive-date = 2010-06-14\n|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf\n|dead-url = yes\n}}</ref> Spesies ini dapat tumbuh pada [[suhu]] 5–40&nbsp;°C dan secara alami ditemukan di [[tanah]], [[air]], dan permukaan [[tanaman]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Beberapa galur (''strain'') [[S. marcescens]] dapat menghasilkan [[pigmen]] [[prodigiosin]] yang berwarna merah gelap hingga merah muda, tergantung pada usia koloni bakteri tersebut.<ref name=\"a\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q140004}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bakteri]]\n[[Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1823]]\n\n{{Bakteri-stub}}","hash":"4dd2c120bb251d01c1306acef9ed275bce37dced3fec22f7346c4f19c51b1f4f","last_revision":"2024-02-12T10:27:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T11:17:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.696826","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"السراتية الذابله","de":"Serratia marcescens","en":"Serratia marcescens","es":"Serratia marcescens","fa":"سراشیا","fi":"Serratia marcescens","fr":"Serratia marcescens","gl":"Serratia marcescens","it":"Serratia marcescens","ko":"세라티아 마르세센스","pl":"Pałeczka krwawa","pt":"Serratia marcescens","sr":"Serratia marcescens","uk":"Serratia marcescens","vi":"Serratia marcescens","zh":"黏质沙雷菌"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Serratia marcescens adalah salah satu spesies bakteri patogen oportunistik dari famili Enterobacteriaceae. Dulunya bakteri ini disebut Monas prodigiosus atau Bacillus prodigiosus. Namun sejak tahun 1920-an, seorang apoteker Venesia bernama Bartolomeo Bizio mengganti nama spesies ini menjadi Serratia dari nama seorang fisikawan, Serafino Serrati, dan marcescens yang berarti \"memudar\" (karena bakteri ini dapat mengalami pemudaran warna koloni). Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah motil (bergerak), berbentuk batang, anaerob fakultatif, berdiameter 0,5-0,8 µm dan panjang 0,9-2 µm. Spesies ini dapat tumbuh pada suhu 5–40 °C dan secara alami ditemukan di tanah, air, dan permukaan tanaman. Beberapa galur (strain) S. marcescens dapat menghasilkan pigmen prodigiosin yang berwarna merah gelap hingga merah muda, tergantung pada usia koloni bakteri tersebut.\n\nKategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1823\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Serratia marcescens adalah salah satu spesies bakteri patogen oportunistik dari famili Enterobacteriaceae.","translated_text":"Serratia marcescens is a species of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news|first =|last =|author = Basilio J Anía|coauthors =|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview|title = Serratia|work =|publisher = Medscape|pages = |page = |date = 4 November 2009|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010|quote =}} </ref>","char_index":106,"name":"a","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105830,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.508918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dulunya bakteri ini disebut Monas prodigiosus atau Bacillus prodigiosus.","translated_text":"This bacterium was formerly called Monas prodigiosus or Bacillus prodigiosus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun sejak tahun 1920-an, seorang apoteker Venesia bernama Bartolomeo Bizio mengganti nama spesies ini menjadi Serratia dari nama seorang fisikawan, Serafino Serrati, dan marcescens yang berarti \"memudar\" (karena bakteri ini dapat mengalami pemudaran warna koloni).","translated_text":"Since the 1920s, however, a Venetian pharmacist named Bartolomeo Bizio has changed the name of this species to Serratia from the name of a physicist, Serafino Serrati, and marcescens means \"fading\" (because this bacterium can undergo colonial color change).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":266,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah motil (bergerak), berbentuk batang, anaerob fakultatif, berdiameter 0,5-0,8 µm dan panjang 0,9-2 µm.","translated_text":"Some characteristics of this bacterium are motile, stem-shaped, optional anaerobic, 0.5-0.8 μm in diameter and 0.9-2 μm in length.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies ini dapat tumbuh pada suhu 5–40 °C dan secara alami ditemukan di tanah, air, dan permukaan tanaman.","translated_text":"This species can grow at 5 ⁇ 40 °C and is naturally found in soil, water, and plant surfaces.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":107,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa galur (strain) S. marcescens dapat menghasilkan pigmen prodigiosin yang berwarna merah gelap hingga merah muda, tergantung pada usia koloni bakteri tersebut.","translated_text":"Some strains of S. marcescens can produce dark red to pink prodigiosine pigments, depending on the age of the bacterial colony.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news|first =|last =|author = Basilio J Anía|coauthors =|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview|title = Serratia|work =|publisher = Medscape|pages = |page = |date = 4 November 2009|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010|quote =}} </ref>","char_index":166,"name":"a","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105830,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.508918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1823","translated_text":"Category:Bacteria Category:Bacteria described in 1823","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Serratia marcescens adalah salah satu spesies bakteri patogen oportunistik dari famili Enterobacteriaceae.","translated_text":"Serratia marcescens is a species of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news|first =|last =|author = Basilio J Anía|coauthors =|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview|title = Serratia|work =|publisher = Medscape|pages = |page = |date = 4 November 2009|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010|quote =}} </ref>","char_index":106,"name":"a","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105830,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.508918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375}]},{"text":"Serratia marcescens adalah salah satu spesies bakteri patogen oportunistik dari famili Enterobacteriaceae. Dulunya bakteri ini disebut Monas prodigiosus atau Bacillus prodigiosus. Namun sejak tahun 1920-an, seorang apoteker Venesia bernama Bartolomeo Bizio mengganti nama spesies ini menjadi Serratia dari nama seorang fisikawan, Serafino Serrati, dan marcescens yang berarti \"memudar\" (karena bakteri ini dapat mengalami pemudaran warna koloni).","translated_text":"Serratia marcescens is a species of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. This bacterium was formerly called Monas prodigiosus or Bacillus prodigiosus. Since the 1920s, however, a Venetian pharmacist named Bartolomeo Bizio has changed the name of this species to Serratia from the name of a physicist, Serafino Serrati, and marcescens means \"fading\" (because this bacterium can undergo colonial color change).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":446,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dulunya bakteri ini disebut Monas prodigiosus atau Bacillus prodigiosus. Namun sejak tahun 1920-an, seorang apoteker Venesia bernama Bartolomeo Bizio mengganti nama spesies ini menjadi Serratia dari nama seorang fisikawan, Serafino Serrati, dan marcescens yang berarti \"memudar\" (karena bakteri ini dapat mengalami pemudaran warna koloni). Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah motil (bergerak), berbentuk batang, anaerob fakultatif, berdiameter 0,5-0,8 µm dan panjang 0,9-2 µm.","translated_text":"This bacterium was formerly called Monas prodigiosus or Bacillus prodigiosus. Since the 1920s, however, a Venetian pharmacist named Bartolomeo Bizio has changed the name of this species to Serratia from the name of a physicist, Serafino Serrati, and marcescens means \"fading\" (because this bacterium can undergo colonial color change). Some characteristics of this bacterium are motile, stem-shaped, optional anaerobic, 0.5-0.8 μm in diameter and 0.9-2 μm in length.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":487,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":487,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun sejak tahun 1920-an, seorang apoteker Venesia bernama Bartolomeo Bizio mengganti nama spesies ini menjadi Serratia dari nama seorang fisikawan, Serafino Serrati, dan marcescens yang berarti \"memudar\" (karena bakteri ini dapat mengalami pemudaran warna koloni). Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah motil (bergerak), berbentuk batang, anaerob fakultatif, berdiameter 0,5-0,8 µm dan panjang 0,9-2 µm. Spesies ini dapat tumbuh pada suhu 5–40 °C dan secara alami ditemukan di tanah, air, dan permukaan tanaman.","translated_text":"Since the 1920s, however, a Venetian pharmacist named Bartolomeo Bizio has changed the name of this species to Serratia from the name of a physicist, Serafino Serrati, and marcescens means \"fading\" (because this bacterium can undergo colonial color change). Some characteristics of this bacterium are motile, stem-shaped, optional anaerobic, 0.5-0.8 μm in diameter and 0.9-2 μm in length. This species can grow at 5 ⁇ 40 °C and is naturally found in soil, water, and plant surfaces.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = David R. Caprette |coauthors = |url = http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |title = Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia marcescens |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100614040924/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/bios318/species_id_example.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":522,"name":"b","url":"http://www.ruf.rice.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5810,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.831358-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah motil (bergerak), berbentuk batang, anaerob fakultatif, berdiameter 0,5-0,8 µm dan panjang 0,9-2 µm. Spesies ini dapat tumbuh pada suhu 5–40 °C dan secara alami ditemukan di tanah, air, dan permukaan tanaman. Beberapa galur (strain) S. marcescens dapat menghasilkan pigmen prodigiosin yang berwarna merah gelap hingga merah muda, tergantung pada usia koloni bakteri tersebut.","translated_text":"Some characteristics of this bacterium are motile, stem-shaped, optional anaerobic, 0.5-0.8 μm in diameter and 0.9-2 μm in length. This species can grow at 5 ⁇ 40 °C and is naturally found in soil, water, and plant surfaces. Some strains of S. marcescens can produce dark red to pink prodigiosine pigments, depending on the age of the bacterial colony.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news|first =|last =|author = Basilio J Anía|coauthors =|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview|title = Serratia|work =|publisher = Medscape|pages = |page = |date = 4 November 2009|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010|quote =}} </ref>","char_index":422,"name":"a","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228495-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105830,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.508918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375}]}]}
+{"title":"Bangkitnya si Mata Malaikat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat]]","hash":"d02b9395f3c3f7e552a3437fa6ab552144e79550c3b596b8f38a4f5bb625f531","last_revision":"2010-06-13T11:33:30Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T11:33:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.752883","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bangkitnya Si Mata Malaikat","translated_text":"When the Angel's Eyes Woke Up","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pektin liase","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=Januari 2023}}\n\n[[Berkas:PDB 1idj EBI.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D enzim pektin liase.]]\n'''Pektin liase''' merupakan salah satu [[enzim]] golongan [[pektinase]] yang mampu mendegradasi molekul [[pektin]] yang banyak ditemukan pada [[sel]] [[tanaman]].<ref name=book1/> Bersama dengan enzim golongan pektin lain, pektin liase berperan aktif dalam siklus [[karbon]] di alam.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Karakteristik ==\nEnzim ini memiliki [[massa]] [[molekul]] sebesar 30 hingga 40 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]].<ref>Soriono M, Diaz P, Pastor FIJ. 2005. Pectinolytic systems of two aerobic sporogenous bacterial strains with high activity on pectin. ''Curr Microbio'' 50:114–118.</ref><ref>Hayashi K, Inoue Y, Shiga M, Sato S, Takano R, Hirayae K, Hibi T, Hara S. 1997. Pectinolytic enzymes from ''Pseudomonas marginalis'' MAFF 03-01173. ''Phytochemistry'' 45:1359–63.</ref> Pektin liase bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus [[asam]] poligalakturonik senyawa pektin. Aktivitas kerja enzim ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan senyawa kofaktor berupa [[kalsium]].<ref name=book1/> Enzim ini akan rusak apabila berada pada lingkungan ber[[suhu]] di atas 90 <sup>0</sup>C dan pada [[tekanan]] melebihi 700 MPa.<ref>Krebbers B, Matser AM, Hoogerwerf SW, Moezelaar R, Tomassen MM, Robert W, vanden Berg RW. 2003. Combined high-pressure and thermal treatments for processing of tomato puree: evaluation of microbial inactivation and quality parameters. ''Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol'' 4:377–385.</ref>\n\n== Jenis - jenis ==\nEnzim pektin liase dapat dibagi menjadi 2 golongan, yaitu:\n* Endo poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.2<ref name=book1/>\n* Ekso poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.9<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Liase Pektin]]","hash":"f566a00ac273459708ea858de9f72bdf69111f7597255a07b8f536acc5781104","last_revision":"2023-01-23T06:09:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:09:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.807801","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Pectin lyase","es":"Pectín liasa","nl":"Pectolyase","sh":"Pektinska lijaza","sr":"Pektinska lijaza","sv":"Pektinlyas"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.657210","text":"Pektin liase merupakan salah satu enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu mendegradasi molekul pektin yang banyak ditemukan pada sel tanaman. Bersama dengan enzim golongan pektin lain, pektin liase berperan aktif dalam siklus karbon di alam.\n\nEnzim ini memiliki massa molekul sebesar 30 hingga 40 kDa. Pektin liase bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus asam poligalakturonik senyawa pektin. Aktivitas kerja enzim ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan senyawa kofaktor berupa kalsium. Enzim ini akan rusak apabila berada pada lingkungan bersuhu di atas 90 ⁰C dan pada tekanan melebihi 700 MPa.\n\nEnzim pektin liase dapat dibagi menjadi 2 golongan, yaitu: Endo poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.2 Ekso poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.9\n\nLiase Pektin\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pektin liase merupakan salah satu enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu mendegradasi molekul pektin yang banyak ditemukan pada sel tanaman.","translated_text":"Pectin liase is one of the enzymes of the pectinase group capable of degrading the pectin molecules found abundantly in plant cells.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama dengan enzim golongan pektin lain, pektin liase berperan aktif dalam siklus karbon di alam.","translated_text":"Along with other pectin class enzymes, pectin liases play an active role in the carbon cycle in nature.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karakteristik","translated_text":"Characteristics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki massa molekul sebesar 30 hingga 40 kDa.","translated_text":"This enzyme has a molecular mass of 30 to 40 kDa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Soriono M, Diaz P, Pastor FIJ. 2005. Pectinolytic systems of two aerobic sporogenous bacterial strains with high activity on pectin. ''Curr Microbio'' 50:114–118.</ref>","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Hayashi K, Inoue Y, Shiga M, Sato S, Takano R, Hirayae K, Hibi T, Hara S. 1997. Pectinolytic enzymes from ''Pseudomonas marginalis'' MAFF 03-01173. ''Phytochemistry'' 45:1359–63.</ref>","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pektin liase bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus asam poligalakturonik senyawa pektin.","translated_text":"Pectin liases work specifically on a group of polygalacturonic acids of pectin compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aktivitas kerja enzim ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan senyawa kofaktor berupa kalsium.","translated_text":"The activity of this enzyme can be enhanced by using calcium cofactor compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini akan rusak apabila berada pada lingkungan bersuhu di atas 90 ⁰C dan pada tekanan melebihi 700 MPa.","translated_text":"This enzyme will break down at temperatures above 90°C and at pressures above 700 MPa.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Krebbers B, Matser AM, Hoogerwerf SW, Moezelaar R, Tomassen MM, Robert W, vanden Berg RW. 2003. Combined high-pressure and thermal treatments for processing of tomato puree: evaluation of microbial inactivation and quality parameters. ''Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol'' 4:377–385.</ref>","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jenis - jenis","translated_text":"The kind","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim pektin liase dapat dibagi menjadi 2 golongan, yaitu: Endo poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.2 Ekso poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.9","translated_text":"The enzyme pectin liase can be divided into 2 groups, namely: Endo-polygalacturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.2 Exo-polygalacturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.9","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Liase Pektin","translated_text":"Lice of pectin","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pektin liase merupakan salah satu enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu mendegradasi molekul pektin yang banyak ditemukan pada sel tanaman.","translated_text":"Pectin liase is one of the enzymes of the pectinase group capable of degrading the pectin molecules found abundantly in plant cells.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektin liase merupakan salah satu enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu mendegradasi molekul pektin yang banyak ditemukan pada sel tanaman. Bersama dengan enzim golongan pektin lain, pektin liase berperan aktif dalam siklus karbon di alam.","translated_text":"Pectin liase is one of the enzymes of the pectinase group capable of degrading the pectin molecules found abundantly in plant cells. Along with other pectin class enzymes, pectin liases play an active role in the carbon cycle in nature.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":237,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki massa molekul sebesar 30 hingga 40 kDa.","translated_text":"This enzyme has a molecular mass of 30 to 40 kDa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Soriono M, Diaz P, Pastor FIJ. 2005. Pectinolytic systems of two aerobic sporogenous bacterial strains with high activity on pectin. ''Curr Microbio'' 50:114–118.</ref>","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Hayashi K, Inoue Y, Shiga M, Sato S, Takano R, Hirayae K, Hibi T, Hara S. 1997. Pectinolytic enzymes from ''Pseudomonas marginalis'' MAFF 03-01173. ''Phytochemistry'' 45:1359–63.</ref>","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini memiliki massa molekul sebesar 30 hingga 40 kDa. Pektin liase bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus asam poligalakturonik senyawa pektin. Aktivitas kerja enzim ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan senyawa kofaktor berupa kalsium.","translated_text":"This enzyme has a molecular mass of 30 to 40 kDa. Pectin liases work specifically on a group of polygalacturonic acids of pectin compounds. The activity of this enzyme can be enhanced by using calcium cofactor compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektin liase bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus asam poligalakturonik senyawa pektin. Aktivitas kerja enzim ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan senyawa kofaktor berupa kalsium. Enzim ini akan rusak apabila berada pada lingkungan bersuhu di atas 90 ⁰C dan pada tekanan melebihi 700 MPa.","translated_text":"Pectin liases work specifically on a group of polygalacturonic acids of pectin compounds. The activity of this enzyme can be enhanced by using calcium cofactor compounds. This enzyme will break down at temperatures above 90°C and at pressures above 700 MPa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Krebbers B, Matser AM, Hoogerwerf SW, Moezelaar R, Tomassen MM, Robert W, vanden Berg RW. 2003. Combined high-pressure and thermal treatments for processing of tomato puree: evaluation of microbial inactivation and quality parameters. ''Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol'' 4:377–385.</ref>","char_index":291,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim pektin liase dapat dibagi menjadi 2 golongan, yaitu: Endo poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.2 Ekso poligalakturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.9","translated_text":"The enzyme pectin liase can be divided into 2 groups, namely: Endo-polygalacturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.2 Exo-polygalacturonase liase (endo PGL) EC 4.2.2.9","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Demam babi klasik","wikicode":"{{penyangkalan-medis}}\n{{Infobox medical condition (new) \n |name          = Demam babi klasik\n |synonym       = ''Classical swine fever'' (CSF), ''hog cholera'', kolera babi, penyakit sampar babi\n |image         = Classical swine fever kidneys.jpg\n |image_size    = \n |alt           = \n |caption       = [[Pendarahan]] pada [[ginjal]] merupakan salah satu perubahan [[histopatologi]]s pada demam babi klasik.\n |pronounce     = \n |specialty     = [[Kedokteran hewan]]\n |symptoms      = [[Demam]] tinggi, [[konjungtivitis]], [[sianosis]], [[pendarahan]] kulit, [[ataksia]], [[paresis]], dan [[konvulsi]], diikuti kematian dalam beberapa pekan.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}}\n |complications = \n |onset         = 2-14 hari{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}}\n |duration      = \n |types         = \n |causes        = ''[[Virus demam babi klasik|Pestivirus C]]''\n |risks         = \n |diagnosis     = Isolasi virus, [[reaksi berantai polimerase|PCR]], [[ELISA]]\n |differential  = [[Demam babi afrika|Demam babi afrika (ASF)]]\n |prevention    = Vaksinasi, penetapan persyaratan teknis untuk lalu lintas babi hidup maupun produknya\n |treatment     = \n |medication    = Tidak ada \n |prognosis     = \n |frequency     = \n |deaths        = \n}}\n\n'''Demam babi klasik''' ({{lang-en|classical swine fever}}) atau '''kolera babi''' (''hog cholera'') adalah penyakit menular pada [[babi]] yang disebabkan oleh ''[[virus demam babi klasik|Pestivirus C]]''. Penyakit ini ditandai oleh [[demam]] tinggi, [[kejang]], [[pendarahan]] pada permukaan [[kulit]] serta organ dalam, dan sering kali berakhir dengan kematian.\n\nNama resmi penyakit ini di tingkat internasional menurut [[Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia]] (OIE) adalah ''classical swine fever'' (CSF).<ref name=\"OIE disease list\"/> Istilah CSF lebih sering digunakan di [[Eropa]], sedangkan ''hog cholera'' digunakan di [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88692|title=Classical Swine Fever|language=en|website=www.cabi.org|publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)}}</ref> Virus penyebab penyakit ini beberapa kali mengalami perubahan nama. Pada tahun 2000, nama ''hog cholera virus'' diubah menjadi ''classical swine fever virus''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf|title=ICTV 7th report|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.|year=2000|p=27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622215|title=Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.|year=2000|publisher=Academic Press|others=Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., International Union of Microbiological Societies. Virology Division.|isbn=0123702003|location=San Diego|oclc=42622215}}</ref> dan pada tahun 2017 diubah lagi menjadi ''Pestivirus C''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Donald B.|last2=Meyers|first2=Gregor|last3=Bukh|first3=Jens|last4=Gould|first4=Ernest A.|last5=Monath|first5=Thomas|last6=Scott Muerhoff|first6=A.|last7=Pletnev|first7=Alexander|last8=Rico-Hesse|first8=Rebecca|last9=Stapleton|first9=Jack T.|date=2017-08-01|title=Proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000873|journal=Journal of General Virology|language=en|volume=98|issue=8|pages=2106–2112|doi=10.1099/jgv.0.000873|issn=0022-1317|pmc=PMC5656787|pmid=28786787}}</ref>\n\n== Penyebab ==\nDemam babi klasik disebabkan oleh ''[[Virus demam babi klasik|Pestivirus C]]'' yang sebelumnya diberi nama ''classical swine fever virus'' (CSFV). Virus ini merupakan spesies yang berada dalam famili ''[[Flaviviridae]]'' dan genus ''[[Pestivirus]]''. Ia dikelompokkan dalam grup IV dalam sistem [[klasifikasi Baltimore]], yaitu virus [[RNA]] untai tunggal dengan ''sense''-positif. Genus ''Pestivirus'' terdiri atas 11 spesies yang diberi nama ''Pestivirus A'' sampai ''Pestivirus K''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release|last=|first=|date=|website=talk.ictvonline.org|language=en|access-date=11 Oktober 2019}}</ref>\n\n''Pestivirus C'' memiliki kemiripan [[antigen]]ik dengan ''[[bovine viral diarrhea virus]]'' (BVDV) yang digolongkan dalam ''Pestivirus A'' dan ''Pestivirus B'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_A|title=Pestivirus A|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_B|title=Pestivirus B|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> serta ''[[border disease virus]]'' (BDV) yang merupakan sinonim dari ''Pestivirus D''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_D|title=Pestivirus D|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> Virus BVDV dan BDV sering disebut Pestivirus [[ruminansia]] seperti [[sapi]], [[kambing]], [[domba]], dan [[rusa]]; sedangkan Pestivirus C disebut Pestivirus babi. Walaupun demikian, Pestivirus ruminansia juga dapat menginfeksi babi meskipun tidak diikuti dengan munculnya tanda klinis.<ref name=\"mdsvet\">{{cite web|last1=Risatti|first1=Guillermo, R.|last2=Borca|first2=Manuel|title=Overview of Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera, Swine Fever)|url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever|language=en|website=www.msdvetmanual.com|publisher=MSD Veterinary Manual|ref=harv}}</ref>\n\nResistansi Pestivirus C terhadap perlakuan fisik dan kimiawi yaitu:{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=1}}\n* [[Suhu|Temperatur]]: Terinaktivasi setelah dipanaskan pada 65,5&nbsp;°C selama 30 menit atau 71&nbsp;°C selama 1 menit, tetapi dapat bertahan berbulan-bulan pada daging beku.\n* [[pH]]: Stabil pada pH 5-10; terinaktivasi dengan cepat pada pH<3 dan pH>11.\n* [[Disinfektan]]: Rentan terhadap [[eter]], [[kloroform]], dan ß-propiolactone (0,4%). Terinaktivasi dengan disinfektan berbasis [[klorin]], [[kresol]] (5%), [[natrium hidroksida]] (2%), [[formalin]] (1%), [[natrium karbonat]] (anhidrat 4% atau kristal 10%, dengan detergen 0,1%), [[detergen]] ionik dan nonionik, serta ''[[iodophor]]'' kuat (1%) dalam [[asam fosfat]].\n* Kelangsungan hidup: Cukup rapuh dan tidak bertahan di lingkungan. Rentan terhadap kondisi kering dan sinar [[Ultraungu|ultraviolet]]. Bertahan dengan baik di kandang selama kondisi dingin (hingga 4 pekan di [[musim dingin]]). Bertahan 3 hari pada suhu 50&nbsp;°C dan 7-15 hari pada suhu 37&nbsp;°C. Bertahan dalam daging garaman dan daging asap selama 17 hingga >180 hari bergantung pada prosesnya. Virus bertahan 3-4 hari pada organ yang membusuk dan 15 hari pada [[darah]] dan [[sumsum tulang]] yang membusuk.\n\n== Hewan peka ==\n[[Berkas:Sow with piglet.jpg|250px|ka|jmpl|Babi domestik (''[[Sus scrofa domesticus]]''), hewan rentan terhadap demam babi klasik.]]\nBabi domestik dan [[babi celeng|babi hutan]] (keduanya merupakan subspesies dari ''[[Sus scrofa]]'') merupakan reservoir alami Pestivirus C.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=1}} Secara umum, anggota famili ''[[Suidae]]'' rentan terhadap demam babi klasik. Pestivirus C telah dideteksi pada pekari berbibir putih (''[[Tayassu pecari]]''), dan infeksi eksperimental telah dilakukan pada babi ''warthog'' (''[[Phacochoerus africanus]]''), babi semak (''[[Potamochoerus larvatus]]''), dan pekari berkerah (''[[Tayassu tajacu]]'').{{sfnp|Spickler|2019|p=1}} Belum ada bukti bahwa Pestivirus C dapat menginfeksi manusia.\n\n== Penyebaran penyakit ==\nDemam babi klasik ditemukan di [[Asia]], [[Eropa]], [[Afrika]], [[Amerika Tengah]], dan [[Amerika Selatan]]. Sejumlah negara telah dinyatakan bebas dari penyakit ini, seperti [[Australia]] dan [[Selandia Baru]], beberapa negara di [[Amerika Utara]] (seperti [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], dan [[Meksiko]]), [[Eropa]] (seperti [[Belanda]], [[Britania Raya]], [[Jerman]], [[Prancis]], dan [[Spanyol]]), serta [[Amerika Selatan]] (seperti [[Argentina]], [[Chili]], [[Paraguay]], dan [[Uruguay]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|title=Map of CSF official status|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074145/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/|title=List of CSF free Members|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074148/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\nDi [[Indonesia]], kasus demam babi klasik pertama kali ditemukan di [[Sumatera Utara]] pada tahun 1994 dan mewabah pada tahun 1995.{{sfnp|Dirkeswan|2014|p=37}}{{sfnp|Dirkeswan|2015|p=1}} Penyakit ini lalu menyebar provinsi lain di Pulau Sumatra, ke Pulau [[Jawa]], [[Bali]], [[Kalimantan]], hingga [[Sulawesi]].{{sfnp|Dirkeswan|2015|p=2}} Pada tahun 1997, [[Pemerintah Indonesia]] melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 888/Kpts/TN.560/9/97 menyatakan bahwa penyakit ini telah menyebar di 11 provinsi, yaitu Sumatera Utara, [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Riau]], [[Jambi]], [[DKI Jakarta]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Bali]], [[Sulawesi Utara]], [[Sulawesi Selatan]], dan [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]].{{sfnp|Dirkeswan|2015|p=2}} Provinsi [[Papua]] dan [[Papua Barat]] ikut mengalami wabah pada tahun 2006.<ref>{{citation|last=Kementerian Pertanian RI|year=2006|title=Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 606/Kpts/OT.160/10/2006 tentang Pernyataan Berjangkitnya Wabah Penyakit Sampar Babi (''Classical Swine Fever/Hog Cholera'') pada Ternak Babi di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/11rLgYsWGQ10tcTGwD0edNx_l9Wf6z11s/view|location=Jakarta|publisher=Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia}}</ref>\n\nPada tahun 2014, Provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]] secara resmi ditetapkan bebas dari demam babi klasik melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 181/Kpts/PD.650/2/2014.{{sfnp|Dirkeswan|2018|p=76}} Di akhir tahun 2019, ribuan babi di Sumatera Utara mati secara mendadak. Pengujian laboratorium menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap demam babi klasik dan terindikasi [[demam babi afrika]], penyakit yang belum pernah ditemukan sebelumnya di Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akurat.co/news/id-851265-read-ratusan-babi-mati-di-medan-diduga-akibat-virus-hog-cholera-dan-suspect-asf|title=Ratusan Babi Mati di Medan Diduga Akibat Virus Hog Cholera dan Suspect ASF|last=Muhlis|first=|date=2019-11-10|website=akurat.co|access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref>\n\n== Penularan ==\nCara penularan yang paling sering terjadi adalah melalui kontak langsung antara babi terinfeksi dengan babi sehat. Cairan tubuh dari babi terinfeksi ([[air liur]], leleran dari hidung dan mata, [[darah]], [[urin]], serta [[tinja]]) merupakan sumber virus.{{sfnp|OIE GDIS|2013|p=2}} Hewan yang terinfeksi secara persisten ([[kronis]]) sering kali tidak menunjukkan tanda klinis, tetapi menyebarkan partikel virus ke lingkungan melalui tinjanya.<ref name=\"mdsvet\"/>{{sfnp|OIE GDIS|2013|p=2}} Virus juga dapat menempel pada benda mati seperti [[pakaian]], [[sepatu]], dan [[kendaraan]]{{sfnp|OIE GDIS|2013|p=2}} sehingga orang yang bepergian antarpeternakan babi memiliki peran penting dalam penyebaran penyakit.\n\nBabi sehat menjadi terinfeksi akibat menelan partikel virus, termasuk memakan daging babi atau olahannya yang mengandung Pestivirus C. Konsumsi sampah sisa makanan yang dikenal dengan istilah ''swill feeding'' juga dapat membuat babi terinfeksi.<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Penularan juga dapat terjadi secara vertikal selama kebuntingan. [[Janin]] dapat terinfeksi sejak berada dalam [[rahim]] induk yang menderita demam babi klasik. Keberadaan babi liar di sekitar peternakan babi juga perlu diwaspadai.\n\n== Tanda klinis ==\nPenyakit ini memiliki bentuk [[akut]] dan [[kronis]], dengan manifestasi klinis yang bervariasi. Babi dapat menunjukkan tanda klinis yang berat dengan angka kematian yang tinggi, hingga tanda klinis yang ringan atau bahkan tidak terlihat. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh ''strain'' virus, umur dan tingkat kekebalan babi, serta adanya infeksi campuran. [[Masa inkubasi]] berlangsung antara 2-14 hari{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}} atau 3-7 hari pada bentuk akut.{{sfnp|Spickler|2019|p=2}}\n\nDemam babi klasik bentuk akut disebabkan oleh ''strain'' virus ganas dan sering kali ditemukan pada babi berusia muda. Tanda klinis yang dijumpai yaitu [[demam]] tinggi; lemah dan tidak nafsu makan; [[konjungtivitis]]; [[sianosis]] terutama pada telinga, moncong, kaki, dan ekor; [[hiperemi]] atau [[pendarahan]] multifokal pada kulit; [[konstipasi]] yang diikuti [[diare]], pembengkakan [[kelenjar getah bening]]; [[ataksia]], [[paresis]], dan [[kejang]]; inkoordinasi dan cara berjalan yang aneh; [[leukopenia]] berat; dan perilaku berkerumun bersama-sama.<ref name=\"OIE portal\"/>{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}} Beberapa babi akan [[muntah]] atau menunjukkan gangguan sistem [[pernapasan]].{{sfnp|Spickler|2019|p=2}} Kematian biasanya terjadi setelah 1-2 pekan<ref name=\"OIE portal\"/> di mana angka kematian pada babi muda bisa mencapai 100%.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}} Kematian mendadak tanpa adanya tanda klinis bukanlah karakter penyakit ini.{{sfnp|OIE Manual|2019|p=2}}\n\nPenyakit bentuk kronis disebabkan oleh ''strain'' virus yang lebih jinak atau pada peternakan yang sebagian babinya telah memiliki kekebalan terhadap Pestivirus C. Babi yang sakit kronis menunjukkan perilaku bodoh, nafsu makan yang berubah-ubah, demam, dan diare hingga satu bulan, rambut acak-acakan, dan pertumbuhan terhambat.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}} Babi yang sakit akan terlihat pulih dalam beberapa pekan, tetapi tanda klinis penyakit dapat muncul kembali.{{sfnp|Spickler|2019|p=2}}\n\nPada penularan [[kongenital]], janin dapat mengalami kematian atau [[abortus]], kelemahan umum, [[tremor]], kekerdilan pertumbuhan, dan berujung pada kematian dalam beberapa pekan atau bulan.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}} Infeksi kongenital juga dapat terjadi secara persisten tanpa tanda klinis. Walaupun demikian, babi hanya mampu bertahan hidup beberapa bulan dan akan mati dalam satu tahun.{{sfnp|OIE Manual|2019|p=2}}\n\n== Diagnosis ==\nDengan tanda klinis yang bervariasi, pengujian laboratorium dibutuhkan untuk menegakkan diagnosis. Untuk mengonfirmasi kasus klinis, isolasi virus pada [[kultur sel]] dan uji [[reaksi berantai polimerase]] (PCR) merupakan metode pengujian yang sesuai, diikuti dengan uji netralisasi virus.{{sfnp|OIE Manual|2019|p=3}} Spesimen yang sesuai untuk pengujian yaitu [[tonsil]], kelenjar getah bening (mandibular, retrofaringeal, gastrohepatik, dan mesenterik), [[limpa]], [[ginjal]], [[ileum]], darah tanpa [[antikoagulan]], dan usap hidung atau tonsil.<ref name=\"mdsvet\"/>\n\nUji [[ELISA]] dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi [[antibodi]] yang dihasilkan oleh babi. Namun, perlu diingat bahwa Pestivirus C bersifat [[imunosupresif]] sehingga antibodi tidak bisa dideteksi dengan jelas hingga minimum 21 hari pascainfeksi.{{sfnp|OIE Manual|2019|p=10}} Pemeriksaan antibodi lebih tepat digunakan untuk mendeteksi sisa-sisa infeksi dalam suatu peternakan, mengevaluasi usaha pemberantasan penyakit, mengetahui [[prevalensi]] penyakit, memastikan individu hewan bebas penyakit sebelum dilalulintaskan, serta mengetahui status kekebalan tubuh pascavaksinasi.{{sfnp|OIE Manual|2019|p=2}}{{sfnp|OIE Manual|2019|p=10}}\n\nPenyakit lain yang dapat dikelirukan dengan demam babi klasik yaitu [[demam babi afrika]] (ASF), [[salmonelosis]] bentuk [[sepsis]], [[pasteurelosis]], [[streptokokosis]], [[erisipelas]], dan infeksi ''[[Haemophilus somnus]]''.{{sfnp|Dirkeswan|2014|p=39}}\n\n== Pencegahan dan pengendalian ==\nPenyakit ini tidak bisa diobati.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=4}} Hewan yang tertular harus dimusnahkan dengan cara dikubur atau dibakar dalam insinerator. Demam babi klasik bisa dicegah dengan pemberian [[vaksin]] serta melakukan pemasukan babi hidup maupun produknya (semen, embrio, daging, kulit, rambut, dan tinja) yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi teknis [[Organisasi Dunia untuk Kesehatan Hewan]] (OIE).{{sfnp|OIE Code|2019}} Penetapan negara, zona, maupun kompartemen yang bebas dari demam babi klasik diperlukan dalam program pemberantasan penyakit yang berkelanjutan.\n\nTemuan kasus demam babi klasik wajib dilaporkan karena penyakit ini ditetapkan oleh [[Pemerintah Indonesia]] sebagai [[penyakit hewan menular strategis]] (PHMS) dan termasuk dalam daftar penyakit yang wajib dilaporkan pada OIE.<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada kondisi wabah, rekomendasi tindakan yang perlu diambil yaitu eliminasi semua babi pada peternakan terinfeksi, pemusnahan bangkai secara aman, disinfeksi menyeluruh, penentuan zona terinfeksi dengan pengendalian lalu lintas babi, serta penyelidikan epidemiologis yang diikuti surveilans.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=5}}\n\n== Catatan kaki ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n== Daftar pustaka ==\n{{refbegin|2}}\n* {{cite book|last=Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan|year=2014|title=Manual Penyakit Hewan Mamalia|url=http://wiki.isikhnas.com/images/b/b9/Manual_Penyakit_Hewan_Mamalia.pdf|location=Jakarta|publisher=Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, [[Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan]], [[Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia]]|ref={{sfnRef|Dirkeswan|2014}}}}\n* {{cite book|last=Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan|year=2015|title=Road Map Pengendalian dan Penanggulangan Hog Cholera|url=http://civas.net/cms/assets/uploads/2019/09/Road-Map-Nasional-Pemberantasan-Hog-Cholera.pdf|location=Jakarta|publisher=Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, [[Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan]], [[Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia]]|ref={{sfnRef|Dirkeswan|2015}}}}\n* {{cite book|last=Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan|year=2018|title=Peta Status dan Situasi Penyakit Hewan Indonesia 2017|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WTXI6zi1Oi2ihc-iFAszOi8n3qxtGtKD/view|location=Jakarta|publisher=Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, [[Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan]], [[Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia]]|ref={{sfnRef|Dirkeswan|2018}}}}\n* {{citation|last=[[Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia]]|date=Oktober 2009|title=Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)|series=OIE Technical Disease Cards|url=https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Animal_Health_in_the_World/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/CLASSICAL_SWINE_FEVER.pdf|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|ref={{sfnRef|OIE Disease Cards|2009}}}}\n* {{citation|last=[[Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia]]|year=2013|title=Classical Swine Fever|url=https://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D13956.PDF|series=General Disease Information Sheet|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|ref={{sfnRef|OIE GDIS|2013}}|accessdate=2019-11-09|archive-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218205529/http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D13956.PDF|dead-url=yes}}\n* {{citation|last=[[Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia]]|year=2019|title=Chapter 3.8.3. Classical Swine Fever (Infection with Classical Swine Fever Virus|url=https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.08.03_CSF.pdf|series=OIE Terrestrial Manual|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|ref={{sfnRef|OIE Manual|2019}}}}\n* {{citation|last=[[Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia]]|date=28 Juni 2019|title=Chapter 15.2. Infection with Classical Swine Fever Virus|url=https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/current/chapitre_csf.pdf|series=OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|ref={{sfnRef|OIE Code|2019}}}}\n* {{cite book|last=Spickler|first=Anna Rovid|year=Oktober 2015|title=Classical Swine Fever|url=http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/classical_swine_fever.pdf|series=CFSPH Technical Disease Fact Sheets|publisher=The Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University|ref={{sfnRef|Spickler|2019}}}}\n{{refend}}\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{refbegin|2}}\n* {{commonscat-inline|Classical swine fever}}\n* {{Cite web|url=http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/disease.php?name=classical-swine-fever|title=Classical Swine Fever|language=en|website=www.cfsph.iastate.edu|publisher=The Center for Food Security & Public Health}}\n* {{Cite web|url=https://thepigsite.com/disease-guide/classical-swine-fever-csf-hog-cholera-hc|title=Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)|language=en|website=www.thepigsite.com|publisher=The Pig Site}}\n* {{citation|year=2008|title=Classical Swine Fever, Hog Cholera|url=http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/FastFacts/pdfs/classical_swine_fever_F.pdf|series=Fast Facts|publisher=The Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University|ref=harv}}\n* {{citation|last=Iowa State University of Science and Technology & US Department of Agriculture|year=2017|title=NAHEM's Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Disease - Appendix B: Vaccination for Classical Swine Fever|url=http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/pdf/fad-prep-nahems-appendix-b-classical-swine-fever|series=USDA Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness & Response Plan (FAD Prep); CFSPH National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEM)|publisher=The Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University|ref=harv}}\n* {{cite journal|last1=Schulz|first1=Katja|last2=Staubach|first2=Christoph|last3=Blome|first3=Sandra|year=2017|title=African and classical swine fever: similarities, differences and epidemiological consequences|url=https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-017-0490-x|journal=Veterinary Research|language=en|volume=48|issue=84|doi=10.1186/s13567-017-0490-x}}\n{{refend}}\n\n{{Penyakit hewan menular strategis}}\n{{Hama dan penyakit hewan karantina}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penyakit babi]]","hash":"04945a062a47a53cbc209eb6a08efa5a246cac3283f2850c77785d6657f74f18","last_revision":"2023-09-29T17:03:35Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:15:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.872824","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Класическа чума по свинете","bs":"Svinjska kuga","ca":"Pesta porcina clàssica","cs":"Klasický mor prasat","de":"Klassische Schweinepest","en":"Classical swine fever","es":"Peste porcina clásica","fi":"Klassinen sikarutto","fr":"Peste porcine","hi":"शूकर ज्वर","hu":"Klasszikus sertéspestis","it":"Peste suina","ja":"豚熱","kk":"Шошқа обасы","ko":"돼지콜레라","lv":"Klasiskais cūku mēris","nl":"Klassieke varkenspest","pl":"Klasyczny pomór świń","ro":"Pestă porcină clasică","ru":"Классическая чума свиней","sk":"Klasický mor ošípaných","sr":"Класична свињска куга","sv":"Svinpest","uk":"Класична чума свиней","vi":"Dịch tả lợn","wa":"Pesse des pourceas classike","zh":"猪瘟"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Demam babi klasik () atau kolera babi (hog cholera) adalah penyakit menular pada babi yang disebabkan oleh Pestivirus C. Penyakit ini ditandai oleh demam tinggi, kejang, pendarahan pada permukaan kulit serta organ dalam, dan sering kali berakhir dengan kematian.\n\nNama resmi penyakit ini di tingkat internasional menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia (OIE) adalah classical swine fever (CSF). Istilah CSF lebih sering digunakan di Eropa, sedangkan hog cholera digunakan di Amerika Serikat. Virus penyebab penyakit ini beberapa kali mengalami perubahan nama. Pada tahun 2000, nama hog cholera virus diubah menjadi classical swine fever virus dan pada tahun 2017 diubah lagi menjadi Pestivirus C.\n\nDemam babi klasik disebabkan oleh Pestivirus C yang sebelumnya diberi nama classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Virus ini merupakan spesies yang berada dalam famili Flaviviridae dan genus Pestivirus. Ia dikelompokkan dalam grup IV dalam sistem klasifikasi Baltimore, yaitu virus RNA untai tunggal dengan sense-positif. Genus Pestivirus terdiri atas 11 spesies yang diberi nama Pestivirus A sampai Pestivirus K.\n\nPestivirus C memiliki kemiripan antigenik dengan bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) yang digolongkan dalam Pestivirus A dan Pestivirus B, serta border disease virus (BDV) yang merupakan sinonim dari Pestivirus D. Virus BVDV dan BDV sering disebut Pestivirus ruminansia seperti sapi, kambing, domba, dan rusa; sedangkan Pestivirus C disebut Pestivirus babi. Walaupun demikian, Pestivirus ruminansia juga dapat menginfeksi babi meskipun tidak diikuti dengan munculnya tanda klinis.\n\nResistansi Pestivirus C terhadap perlakuan fisik dan kimiawi yaitu: Temperatur: Terinaktivasi setelah dipanaskan pada 65,5 °C selama 30 menit atau 71 °C selama 1 menit, tetapi dapat bertahan berbulan-bulan pada daging beku. pH: Stabil pada pH 5-10; terinaktivasi dengan cepat pada pH<3 dan pH>11. Disinfektan: Rentan terhadap eter, kloroform, dan ß-propiolactone (0,4%). Terinaktivasi dengan disinfektan berbasis klorin, kresol (5%), natrium hidroksida (2%), formalin (1%), natrium karbonat (anhidrat 4% atau kristal 10%, dengan detergen 0,1%), detergen ionik dan nonionik, serta iodophor kuat (1%) dalam asam fosfat. Kelangsungan hidup: Cukup rapuh dan tidak bertahan di lingkungan. Rentan terhadap kondisi kering dan sinar ultraviolet. Bertahan dengan baik di kandang selama kondisi dingin (hingga 4 pekan di musim dingin). Bertahan 3 hari pada suhu 50 °C dan 7-15 hari pada suhu 37 °C. Bertahan dalam daging garaman dan daging asap selama 17 hingga >180 hari bergantung pada prosesnya. Virus bertahan 3-4 hari pada organ yang membusuk dan 15 hari pada darah dan sumsum tulang yang membusuk.\n\nBabi domestik dan babi hutan (keduanya merupakan subspesies dari Sus scrofa) merupakan reservoir alami Pestivirus C. Secara umum, anggota famili Suidae rentan terhadap demam babi klasik. Pestivirus C telah dideteksi pada pekari berbibir putih (Tayassu pecari), dan infeksi eksperimental telah dilakukan pada babi warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), babi semak (Potamochoerus larvatus), dan pekari berkerah (Tayassu tajacu). Belum ada bukti bahwa Pestivirus C dapat menginfeksi manusia.\n\nDemam babi klasik ditemukan di Asia, Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Tengah, dan Amerika Selatan. Sejumlah negara telah dinyatakan bebas dari penyakit ini, seperti Australia dan Selandia Baru, beberapa negara di Amerika Utara (seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Meksiko), Eropa (seperti Belanda, Britania Raya, Jerman, Prancis, dan Spanyol), serta Amerika Selatan (seperti Argentina, Chili, Paraguay, dan Uruguay).\n\nDi Indonesia, kasus demam babi klasik pertama kali ditemukan di Sumatera Utara pada tahun 1994 dan mewabah pada tahun 1995. Penyakit ini lalu menyebar provinsi lain di Pulau Sumatra, ke Pulau Jawa, Bali, Kalimantan, hingga Sulawesi. Pada tahun 1997, Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 888/Kpts/TN.560/9/97 menyatakan bahwa penyakit ini telah menyebar di 11 provinsi, yaitu Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Riau, Jambi, DKI Jakarta, Jawa Tengah, Kalimantan Barat, Bali, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat ikut mengalami wabah pada tahun 2006.\n\nPada tahun 2014, Provinsi Sumatera Barat secara resmi ditetapkan bebas dari demam babi klasik melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 181/Kpts/PD.650/2/2014. Di akhir tahun 2019, ribuan babi di Sumatera Utara mati secara mendadak. Pengujian laboratorium menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap demam babi klasik dan terindikasi demam babi afrika, penyakit yang belum pernah ditemukan sebelumnya di Indonesia.\n\nCara penularan yang paling sering terjadi adalah melalui kontak langsung antara babi terinfeksi dengan babi sehat. Cairan tubuh dari babi terinfeksi (air liur, leleran dari hidung dan mata, darah, urin, serta tinja) merupakan sumber virus. Hewan yang terinfeksi secara persisten (kronis) sering kali tidak menunjukkan tanda klinis, tetapi menyebarkan partikel virus ke lingkungan melalui tinjanya. Virus juga dapat menempel pada benda mati seperti pakaian, sepatu, dan kendaraan sehingga orang yang bepergian antarpeternakan babi memiliki peran penting dalam penyebaran penyakit.\n\nBabi sehat menjadi terinfeksi akibat menelan partikel virus, termasuk memakan daging babi atau olahannya yang mengandung Pestivirus C. Konsumsi sampah sisa makanan yang dikenal dengan istilah swill feeding juga dapat membuat babi terinfeksi. Penularan juga dapat terjadi secara vertikal selama kebuntingan. Janin dapat terinfeksi sejak berada dalam rahim induk yang menderita demam babi klasik. Keberadaan babi liar di sekitar peternakan babi juga perlu diwaspadai.\n\nPenyakit ini memiliki bentuk akut dan kronis, dengan manifestasi klinis yang bervariasi. Babi dapat menunjukkan tanda klinis yang berat dengan angka kematian yang tinggi, hingga tanda klinis yang ringan atau bahkan tidak terlihat. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh strain virus, umur dan tingkat kekebalan babi, serta adanya infeksi campuran. Masa inkubasi berlangsung antara 2-14 hari atau 3-7 hari pada bentuk akut.\n\nDemam babi klasik bentuk akut disebabkan oleh strain virus ganas dan sering kali ditemukan pada babi berusia muda. Tanda klinis yang dijumpai yaitu demam tinggi; lemah dan tidak nafsu makan; konjungtivitis; sianosis terutama pada telinga, moncong, kaki, dan ekor; hiperemi atau pendarahan multifokal pada kulit; konstipasi yang diikuti diare, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening; ataksia, paresis, dan kejang; inkoordinasi dan cara berjalan yang aneh; leukopenia berat; dan perilaku berkerumun bersama-sama. Beberapa babi akan muntah atau menunjukkan gangguan sistem pernapasan. Kematian biasanya terjadi setelah 1-2 pekan di mana angka kematian pada babi muda bisa mencapai 100%. Kematian mendadak tanpa adanya tanda klinis bukanlah karakter penyakit ini.\n\nPenyakit bentuk kronis disebabkan oleh strain virus yang lebih jinak atau pada peternakan yang sebagian babinya telah memiliki kekebalan terhadap Pestivirus C. Babi yang sakit kronis menunjukkan perilaku bodoh, nafsu makan yang berubah-ubah, demam, dan diare hingga satu bulan, rambut acak-acakan, dan pertumbuhan terhambat. Babi yang sakit akan terlihat pulih dalam beberapa pekan, tetapi tanda klinis penyakit dapat muncul kembali.\n\nPada penularan kongenital, janin dapat mengalami kematian atau abortus, kelemahan umum, tremor, kekerdilan pertumbuhan, dan berujung pada kematian dalam beberapa pekan atau bulan. Infeksi kongenital juga dapat terjadi secara persisten tanpa tanda klinis. Walaupun demikian, babi hanya mampu bertahan hidup beberapa bulan dan akan mati dalam satu tahun.\n\nDengan tanda klinis yang bervariasi, pengujian laboratorium dibutuhkan untuk menegakkan diagnosis. Untuk mengonfirmasi kasus klinis, isolasi virus pada kultur sel dan uji reaksi berantai polimerase (PCR) merupakan metode pengujian yang sesuai, diikuti dengan uji netralisasi virus. Spesimen yang sesuai untuk pengujian yaitu tonsil, kelenjar getah bening (mandibular, retrofaringeal, gastrohepatik, dan mesenterik), limpa, ginjal, ileum, darah tanpa antikoagulan, dan usap hidung atau tonsil.\n\nUji ELISA dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi antibodi yang dihasilkan oleh babi. Namun, perlu diingat bahwa Pestivirus C bersifat imunosupresif sehingga antibodi tidak bisa dideteksi dengan jelas hingga minimum 21 hari pascainfeksi. Pemeriksaan antibodi lebih tepat digunakan untuk mendeteksi sisa-sisa infeksi dalam suatu peternakan, mengevaluasi usaha pemberantasan penyakit, mengetahui prevalensi penyakit, memastikan individu hewan bebas penyakit sebelum dilalulintaskan, serta mengetahui status kekebalan tubuh pascavaksinasi.\n\nPenyakit lain yang dapat dikelirukan dengan demam babi klasik yaitu demam babi afrika (ASF), salmonelosis bentuk sepsis, pasteurelosis, streptokokosis, erisipelas, dan infeksi Haemophilus somnus.\n\nPenyakit ini tidak bisa diobati. Hewan yang tertular harus dimusnahkan dengan cara dikubur atau dibakar dalam insinerator. Demam babi klasik bisa dicegah dengan pemberian vaksin serta melakukan pemasukan babi hidup maupun produknya (semen, embrio, daging, kulit, rambut, dan tinja) yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi teknis Organisasi Dunia untuk Kesehatan Hewan (OIE). Penetapan negara, zona, maupun kompartemen yang bebas dari demam babi klasik diperlukan dalam program pemberantasan penyakit yang berkelanjutan.\n\nTemuan kasus demam babi klasik wajib dilaporkan karena penyakit ini ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai penyakit hewan menular strategis (PHMS) dan termasuk dalam daftar penyakit yang wajib dilaporkan pada OIE. Pada kondisi wabah, rekomendasi tindakan yang perlu diambil yaitu eliminasi semua babi pada peternakan terinfeksi, pemusnahan bangkai secara aman, disinfeksi menyeluruh, penentuan zona terinfeksi dengan pengendalian lalu lintas babi, serta penyelidikan epidemiologis yang diikuti surveilans.\n\nKategori:Penyakit babi\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox medical condition (new) \n |name          = Demam babi klasik\n |synonym       = ''Classical swine fever'' (CSF), ''hog cholera'', kolera babi, penyakit sampar babi\n |image         = Classical swine fever kidneys.jpg\n |image_size    = \n |alt           = \n |caption       = [[Pendarahan]] pada [[ginjal]] merupakan salah satu perubahan [[histopatologi]]s pada demam babi klasik.\n |pronounce     = \n |specialty     = [[Kedokteran hewan]]\n |symptoms      = [[Demam]] tinggi, [[konjungtivitis]], [[sianosis]], [[pendarahan]] kulit, [[ataksia]], [[paresis]], dan [[konvulsi]], diikuti kematian dalam beberapa pekan.{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}}\n |complications = \n |onset         = 2-14 hari{{sfnp|OIE Disease Cards|2009|p=2}}\n |duration      = \n |types         = \n |causes        = ''[[Virus demam babi klasik|Pestivirus C]]''\n |risks         = \n |diagnosis     = Isolasi virus, [[reaksi berantai polimerase|PCR]], [[ELISA]]\n |differential  = [[Demam babi afrika|Demam babi afrika (ASF)]]\n |prevention    = Vaksinasi, penetapan persyaratan teknis untuk lalu lintas babi hidup maupun produknya\n |treatment     = \n |medication    = Tidak ada \n |prognosis     = \n |frequency     = \n |deaths        = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Demam babi klasik () atau kolera babi (hog cholera) adalah penyakit menular pada babi yang disebabkan oleh Pestivirus C. Penyakit ini ditandai oleh demam tinggi, kejang, pendarahan pada permukaan kulit serta organ dalam, dan sering kali berakhir dengan kematian.","translated_text":"Classical swine fever () or swine cholera (hog cholera) is an infectious disease in pigs caused by Pestivirus C. The disease is characterized by high fever, seizures, bleeding on the surface of the skin and internal organs, and often ends in death.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama resmi penyakit ini di tingkat internasional menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia (OIE) adalah classical swine fever (CSF).","translated_text":"The official name of the disease at the international level according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is classical swine fever (CSF).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"OIE disease list","url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.981713-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah CSF lebih sering digunakan di Eropa, sedangkan hog cholera digunakan di Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"The term CSF is more commonly used in Europe, whereas hog cholera is used in the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88692|title=Classical Swine Fever|language=en|website=www.cabi.org|publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)}}</ref>","char_index":96,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88692","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8421,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:51.066893-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virus penyebab penyakit ini beberapa kali mengalami perubahan nama.","translated_text":"The virus that causes the disease has undergone several name changes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2000, nama hog cholera virus diubah menjadi classical swine fever virus dan pada tahun 2017 diubah lagi menjadi Pestivirus C.","translated_text":"In 2000, the name hog cholera virus was changed to classical swine fever virus and in 2017 it was changed again to Pestivirus C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf|title=ICTV 7th report|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.|year=2000|p=27}}</ref>","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:51.467145-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622215|title=Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.|year=2000|publisher=Academic Press|others=Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., International Union of Microbiological Societies. Virology Division.|isbn=0123702003|location=San Diego|oclc=42622215}}</ref>","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622215","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":283846,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:01.572077-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.888671875},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Donald B.|last2=Meyers|first2=Gregor|last3=Bukh|first3=Jens|last4=Gould|first4=Ernest A.|last5=Monath|first5=Thomas|last6=Scott Muerhoff|first6=A.|last7=Pletnev|first7=Alexander|last8=Rico-Hesse|first8=Rebecca|last9=Stapleton|first9=Jack T.|date=2017-08-01|title=Proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000873|journal=Journal of General Virology|language=en|volume=98|issue=8|pages=2106–2112|doi=10.1099/jgv.0.000873|issn=0022-1317|pmc=PMC5656787|pmid=28786787}}</ref>","char_index":136,"name":null,"url":"https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000873","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":155207,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:02.307078-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penyebab","translated_text":"Causes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Demam babi klasik disebabkan oleh Pestivirus C yang sebelumnya diberi nama classical swine fever virus (CSFV).","translated_text":"Classical swine fever is caused by Pestivirus C formerly called classical swine fever virus (CSFV).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virus ini merupakan spesies yang berada dalam famili Flaviviridae dan genus Pestivirus.","translated_text":"This virus is a species in the family Flaviviridae and the genus Pestivirus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dikelompokkan dalam grup IV dalam sistem klasifikasi Baltimore, yaitu virus RNA untai tunggal dengan sense-positif.","translated_text":"It is classified in group IV in the Baltimore classification system, which is single-stranded RNA virus with sense-positive.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Genus Pestivirus terdiri atas 11 spesies yang diberi nama Pestivirus A sampai Pestivirus K.","translated_text":"The genus Pestivirus consists of 11 species named Pestivirus A to Pestivirus K.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release|last=|first=|date=|website=talk.ictvonline.org|language=en|access-date=11 Oktober 2019}}</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:04.382085-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pestivirus C memiliki kemiripan antigenik dengan bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) yang digolongkan dalam Pestivirus A dan Pestivirus B, serta border disease virus (BDV) yang merupakan sinonim dari Pestivirus D. Virus BVDV dan BDV sering disebut Pestivirus ruminansia seperti sapi, kambing, domba, dan rusa; sedangkan Pestivirus C disebut Pestivirus babi.","translated_text":"Pestivirus C has antigenic similarities to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) classified in Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B, as well as border disease virus (BDV) which is synonymous with Pestivirus D. BVDV and BDV viruses are often called ruminant Pestiviruses such as cows, goats, sheep, and deer; whereas Pestivirus C is called swine Pestivirus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_A|title=Pestivirus A|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_A","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42740,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.404725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_B|title=Pestivirus B|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_B","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":39986,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.584996-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_D|title=Pestivirus D|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":"https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_D","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":39973,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.798927-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun demikian, Pestivirus ruminansia juga dapat menginfeksi babi meskipun tidak diikuti dengan munculnya tanda klinis.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, ruminant Pestivirus can also infect pigs despite not being accompanied by clinical signs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mdsvet\">{{cite web|last1=Risatti|first1=Guillermo, R.|last2=Borca|first2=Manuel|title=Overview of Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera, Swine Fever)|url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever|language=en|website=www.msdvetmanual.com|publisher=MSD Veterinary Manual|ref=harv}}</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"mdsvet","url":"https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":354708,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.991085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83837890625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Resistansi Pestivirus C terhadap perlakuan fisik dan kimiawi yaitu: Temperatur: Terinaktivasi setelah dipanaskan pada 65,5 °C selama 30 menit atau 71 °C selama 1 menit, tetapi dapat bertahan berbulan-bulan pada daging beku. pH: Stabil pada pH 5-10; terinaktivasi dengan cepat pada pH<3 dan pH>11.","translated_text":"Resistance to physical and chemical treatment: Temperature: Inactivated after heating at 65.5 °C for 30 minutes or 71 °C for 1 minute, but can survive for months on frozen meat. pH: Stable at pH 5-10; rapidly inactivated at pH<3 and pH>11.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Disinfektan: Rentan terhadap eter, kloroform, dan ß-propiolactone (0,4%).","translated_text":"Disinfectant: Resilient to ether, chloroform, and ß-propiolactone (0.4%).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terinaktivasi dengan disinfektan berbasis klorin, kresol (5%), natrium hidroksida (2%), formalin (1%), natrium karbonat (anhidrat 4% atau kristal 10%, dengan detergen 0,1%), detergen ionik dan nonionik, serta iodophor kuat (1%) dalam asam fosfat.","translated_text":"Inactivated with chlorine-based disinfectants, kresol (5%), sodium hydroxide (2%), formalin (1%), sodium carbonate (4% anhydrous or 10% crystalline), ionic and nonionic detergents, as well as potent iodophores (1%) in phosphatic acid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelangsungan hidup: Cukup rapuh dan tidak bertahan di lingkungan.","translated_text":"Survival: Pretty fragile and not sustainable in the environment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rentan terhadap kondisi kering dan sinar ultraviolet.","translated_text":"Resilient to dry conditions and ultraviolet rays.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bertahan dengan baik di kandang selama kondisi dingin (hingga 4 pekan di musim dingin).","translated_text":"Stay well in the cage during cold conditions (up to 4 weeks in winter).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bertahan 3 hari pada suhu 50 °C dan 7-15 hari pada suhu 37 °C.","translated_text":"Resist 3 days at 50 °C and 7-15 days at 37 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bertahan dalam daging garaman dan daging asap selama 17 hingga >180 hari bergantung pada prosesnya.","translated_text":"It stays in steamed and smoked meat for 17 to >180 days depending on the process.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virus bertahan 3-4 hari pada organ yang membusuk dan 15 hari pada darah dan sumsum tulang yang membusuk.","translated_text":"The virus lasts 3-4 days on decaying organs and 15 days on decaying blood and bone marrow.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hewan peka","translated_text":"Sensitive animals","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Babi domestik dan babi hutan (keduanya merupakan subspesies dari Sus scrofa) merupakan reservoir alami Pestivirus C. Secara umum, anggota famili Suidae rentan terhadap demam babi klasik.","translated_text":"Domestic pigs and wild boar (both subspecies of Sus scrofa) are natural reservoirs of Pestivirus C. In general, members of the family Suidae are susceptible to classical swine fever.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pestivirus C telah dideteksi pada pekari berbibir putih (Tayassu pecari), dan infeksi eksperimental telah dilakukan pada babi warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), babi semak (Potamochoerus larvatus), dan pekari berkerah (Tayassu tajacu).","translated_text":"Pestivirus C has been detected in white-lipped beetles (Tayassu pecari), and experimental infections have been carried out in warthog pigs (Phacochoerus africanus), shrub pigs (Potamochoerus larvatus), and collared beetles (Tayassu tajacu).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Belum ada bukti bahwa Pestivirus C dapat menginfeksi manusia.","translated_text":"There is no evidence yet that Pestivirus C can infect humans.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penyebaran penyakit","translated_text":"The spread of disease","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Demam babi klasik ditemukan di Asia, Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Tengah, dan Amerika Selatan.","translated_text":"Classical swine fever is found in Asia, Europe, Africa, Central America, and South America.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejumlah negara telah dinyatakan bebas dari penyakit ini, seperti Australia dan Selandia Baru, beberapa negara di Amerika Utara (seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Meksiko), Eropa (seperti Belanda, Britania Raya, Jerman, Prancis, dan Spanyol), serta Amerika Selatan (seperti Argentina, Chili, Paraguay, dan Uruguay).","translated_text":"A number of countries have been declared free of the disease, such as Australia and New Zealand, some countries in North America (such as the United States, Canada, and Mexico), Europe (such as the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Spain), and South America (such as Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|title=Map of CSF official status|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074145/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":318,"name":null,"url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98297,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:16.943472-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2014, Provinsi Sumatera Barat secara resmi ditetapkan bebas dari demam babi klasik melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 181/Kpts/PD.650/2/2014.","translated_text":"In 2014, the Province of West Sumatra was officially declared free from classical swine fever through the Agriculture Minister's Decision No. 181/Kpts/PD.650/2/2014.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di akhir tahun 2019, ribuan babi di Sumatera Utara mati secara mendadak.","translated_text":"At the end of 2019, thousands of pigs in North Sumatra died suddenly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengujian laboratorium menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap demam babi klasik dan terindikasi demam babi afrika, penyakit yang belum pernah ditemukan sebelumnya di Indonesia.","translated_text":"Laboratory tests showed positive results for classical swine fever and indicated African swine fever, a disease not previously detected in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akurat.co/news/id-851265-read-ratusan-babi-mati-di-medan-diduga-akibat-virus-hog-cholera-dan-suspect-asf|title=Ratusan Babi Mati di Medan Diduga Akibat Virus Hog Cholera dan Suspect ASF|last=Muhlis|first=|date=2019-11-10|website=akurat.co|access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":172,"name":null,"url":"https://akurat.co/news/id-851265-read-ratusan-babi-mati-di-medan-diduga-akibat-virus-hog-cholera-dan-suspect-asf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Konsumsi sampah sisa makanan yang dikenal dengan istilah swill feeding juga dapat membuat babi terinfeksi.","translated_text":"Healthy pigs become infected by ingesting virus particles, including eating pork or its processed ingredients containing Pestivirus C. Consuming food waste known as swill feeding can also make pigs infected.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penularan juga dapat terjadi secara vertikal selama kebuntingan.","translated_text":"Convection can also occur vertically during a convection.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Janin dapat terinfeksi sejak berada dalam rahim induk yang menderita demam babi klasik.","translated_text":"Janin can be infected since it is in the womb of a mother suffering from classical swine fever.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keberadaan babi liar di sekitar peternakan babi juga perlu diwaspadai.","translated_text":"The presence of feral pigs around pig farms is also a matter of caution.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tanda klinis","translated_text":"Clinical signs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penyakit ini memiliki bentuk akut dan kronis, dengan manifestasi klinis yang bervariasi.","translated_text":"The disease has both acute and chronic forms, with varying clinical manifestations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Babi dapat menunjukkan tanda klinis yang berat dengan angka kematian yang tinggi, hingga tanda klinis yang ringan atau bahkan tidak terlihat.","translated_text":"Pigs can show severe clinical signs with high mortality rates, to mild or even invisible clinical signs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh strain virus, umur dan tingkat kekebalan babi, serta adanya infeksi campuran.","translated_text":"These differences are influenced by the virus strain, the age and level of pig immunity, as well as the presence of mixed infections.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa inkubasi berlangsung antara 2-14 hari atau 3-7 hari pada bentuk akut.","translated_text":"The incubation period lasts between 2-14 days or 3-7 days in acute form.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Demam babi klasik bentuk akut disebabkan oleh strain virus ganas dan sering kali ditemukan pada babi berusia muda.","translated_text":"Acute classical swine fever is caused by a malignant virus strain and is often found in young pigs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tanda klinis yang dijumpai yaitu demam tinggi; lemah dan tidak nafsu makan; konjungtivitis; sianosis terutama pada telinga, moncong, kaki, dan ekor; hiperemi atau pendarahan multifokal pada kulit; konstipasi yang diikuti diare, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening; ataksia, paresis, dan kejang; inkoordinasi dan cara berjalan yang aneh; leukopenia berat; dan perilaku berkerumun bersama-sama.","translated_text":"Clinical signs found include high fever; weakness and loss of appetite; conjunctivitis; cyanosis especially of the ear, nose, legs, and tail; hyperemia or multifocal bleeding of the skin; constipation followed by diarrhea, swelling of the lymph nodes; ataxia, paresis, and seizures; unusual coordination and walking patterns; severe leukopenia; and conglomerate behaviour.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":391,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa babi akan muntah atau menunjukkan gangguan sistem pernapasan.","translated_text":"Some pigs will vomit or show respiratory system disorders.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kematian biasanya terjadi setelah 1-2 pekan di mana angka kematian pada babi muda bisa mencapai 100%.","translated_text":"Death usually occurs after 1-2 weeks where the mortality rate in young pigs can reach 100%.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":43,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kematian mendadak tanpa adanya tanda klinis bukanlah karakter penyakit ini.","translated_text":"Sudden death without any clinical signs is not a characteristic of the disease.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penyakit bentuk kronis disebabkan oleh strain virus yang lebih jinak atau pada peternakan yang sebagian babinya telah memiliki kekebalan terhadap Pestivirus C. Babi yang sakit kronis menunjukkan perilaku bodoh, nafsu makan yang berubah-ubah, demam, dan diare hingga satu bulan, rambut acak-acakan, dan pertumbuhan terhambat.","translated_text":"The chronic form of the disease is caused by a more benign strain of the virus or on farms that have a partial immunity to Pestivirus C. Chronicly ill pigs exhibit foolish behavior, fluctuating appetite, fever, and diarrhea for up to a month, random hair, and impaired growth.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Babi yang sakit akan terlihat pulih dalam beberapa pekan, tetapi tanda klinis penyakit dapat muncul kembali.","translated_text":"Sick pigs will be seen recovering in a few weeks, but clinical signs of the disease may reappear.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada penularan kongenital, janin dapat mengalami kematian atau abortus, kelemahan umum, tremor, kekerdilan pertumbuhan, dan berujung pada kematian dalam beberapa pekan atau bulan.","translated_text":"In congenital transmission, the fetus may experience death or abortion, general weakness, tremors, impaired growth, and eventually death within a few weeks or months.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Infeksi kongenital juga dapat terjadi secara persisten tanpa tanda klinis.","translated_text":"Congenital infections can also occur persistently without clinical signs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun demikian, babi hanya mampu bertahan hidup beberapa bulan dan akan mati dalam satu tahun.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, pigs can only survive a few months and die within a year.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Diagnosis","translated_text":"The diagnosis","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan tanda klinis yang bervariasi, pengujian laboratorium dibutuhkan untuk menegakkan diagnosis.","translated_text":"With varying clinical signs, laboratory testing is needed to establish a diagnosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengonfirmasi kasus klinis, isolasi virus pada kultur sel dan uji reaksi berantai polimerase (PCR) merupakan metode pengujian yang sesuai, diikuti dengan uji netralisasi virus.","translated_text":"To confirm a clinical case, isolation of the virus in the cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing are appropriate testing methods, followed by a virus neutralization test.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesimen yang sesuai untuk pengujian yaitu tonsil, kelenjar getah bening (mandibular, retrofaringeal, gastrohepatik, dan mesenterik), limpa, ginjal, ileum, darah tanpa antikoagulan, dan usap hidung atau tonsil.","translated_text":"Specimens suitable for testing are tonsils, lymph nodes (mandibular, retrofaringeal, gastrohepatic, and mesenteric), spleen, kidneys, ileum, blood without anticoagulants, and nasal or tonsil wipes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mdsvet\">{{cite web|last1=Risatti|first1=Guillermo, R.|last2=Borca|first2=Manuel|title=Overview of Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera, Swine Fever)|url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever|language=en|website=www.msdvetmanual.com|publisher=MSD Veterinary Manual|ref=harv}}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":"mdsvet","url":"https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":354708,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.991085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83837890625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Uji ELISA dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi antibodi yang dihasilkan oleh babi.","translated_text":"The ELISA test can be used to detect pig-produced antibodies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, perlu diingat bahwa Pestivirus C bersifat imunosupresif sehingga antibodi tidak bisa dideteksi dengan jelas hingga minimum 21 hari pascainfeksi.","translated_text":"However, it should be borne in mind that Pestivirus C is immunosuppressive so that antibodies cannot be clearly detected for a minimum of 21 post-infection days.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemeriksaan antibodi lebih tepat digunakan untuk mendeteksi sisa-sisa infeksi dalam suatu peternakan, mengevaluasi usaha pemberantasan penyakit, mengetahui prevalensi penyakit, memastikan individu hewan bebas penyakit sebelum dilalulintaskan, serta mengetahui status kekebalan tubuh pascavaksinasi.","translated_text":"More appropriately, antibody testing is used to detect residues of infection in a farm, evaluate disease eradication efforts, determine disease prevalence, ensure that an individual animal is disease-free before being passed, and determine post-vaccination immunity status.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penyakit lain yang dapat dikelirukan dengan demam babi klasik yaitu demam babi afrika (ASF), salmonelosis bentuk sepsis, pasteurelosis, streptokokosis, erisipelas, dan infeksi Haemophilus somnus.","translated_text":"Other diseases that can be confused with classical swine fever include African swine fever (ASF), sepsis-like salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, streptococcus, erysipelas, and infection with Haemophilus somnus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pencegahan dan pengendalian","translated_text":"Prevention and control","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penyakit ini tidak bisa diobati.","translated_text":"This disease is incurable.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hewan yang tertular harus dimusnahkan dengan cara dikubur atau dibakar dalam insinerator.","translated_text":"An infected animal must be destroyed by being buried or burned in an incinerator.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Demam babi klasik bisa dicegah dengan pemberian vaksin serta melakukan pemasukan babi hidup maupun produknya (semen, embrio, daging, kulit, rambut, dan tinja) yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi teknis Organisasi Dunia untuk Kesehatan Hewan (OIE).","translated_text":"Classical swine fever can be prevented by the administration of vaccines and the introduction of live pigs and their products (cement, embryos, meat, skin, hair, and feces) in accordance with the technical recommendations of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penetapan negara, zona, maupun kompartemen yang bebas dari demam babi klasik diperlukan dalam program pemberantasan penyakit yang berkelanjutan.","translated_text":"The establishment of countries, zones, and compartments free of classical swine fever is necessary in an ongoing disease eradication program.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Temuan kasus demam babi klasik wajib dilaporkan karena penyakit ini ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai penyakit hewan menular strategis (PHMS) dan termasuk dalam daftar penyakit yang wajib dilaporkan pada OIE.","translated_text":"The finding of classical swine fever cases is mandatory because the disease is designated by the Government of Indonesia as a strategic communicable animal disease (PHMS) and is included in the list of diseases that must be reported to the OIE.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":"OIE disease list","url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.981713-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":"OIE disease list","url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.981713-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada kondisi wabah, rekomendasi tindakan yang perlu diambil yaitu eliminasi semua babi pada peternakan terinfeksi, pemusnahan bangkai secara aman, disinfeksi menyeluruh, penentuan zona terinfeksi dengan pengendalian lalu lintas babi, serta penyelidikan epidemiologis yang diikuti surveilans.","translated_text":"In the event of an outbreak, recommendations for action to be taken are the elimination of all pigs on infected holdings, the safe disposal of carcasses, complete disinfection, the identification of infected zones with control of pig traffic, as well as epidemiological investigations followed by surveillance.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar pustaka","translated_text":"List of libraries","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyakit babi","translated_text":"Category:Pigs disease","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Nama resmi penyakit ini di tingkat internasional menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia (OIE) adalah classical swine fever (CSF).","translated_text":"The official name of the disease at the international level according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is classical swine fever (CSF).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"OIE disease list","url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.981713-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nama resmi penyakit ini di tingkat internasional menurut Organisasi Kesehatan Hewan Dunia (OIE) adalah classical swine fever (CSF). Istilah CSF lebih sering digunakan di Eropa, sedangkan hog cholera digunakan di Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"The official name of the disease at the international level according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is classical swine fever (CSF). The term CSF is more commonly used in Europe, whereas hog cholera is used in the United States.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88692|title=Classical Swine Fever|language=en|website=www.cabi.org|publisher=Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)}}</ref>","char_index":228,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/88692","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8421,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:51.066893-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Istilah CSF lebih sering digunakan di Eropa, sedangkan hog cholera digunakan di Amerika Serikat. Virus penyebab penyakit ini beberapa kali mengalami perubahan nama. Pada tahun 2000, nama hog cholera virus diubah menjadi classical swine fever virus dan pada tahun 2017 diubah lagi menjadi Pestivirus C.","translated_text":"The term CSF is more commonly used in Europe, whereas hog cholera is used in the United States. The virus that causes the disease has undergone several name changes. In 2000, the name hog cholera virus was changed to classical swine fever virus and in 2017 it was changed again to Pestivirus C.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf|title=ICTV 7th report|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.|year=2000|p=27}}</ref>","char_index":247,"name":null,"url":"https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:51.467145-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622215|title=Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|last=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.|year=2000|publisher=Academic Press|others=Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., International Union of Microbiological Societies. Virology Division.|isbn=0123702003|location=San Diego|oclc=42622215}}</ref>","char_index":247,"name":null,"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42622215","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":283846,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:01.572077-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.888671875},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Donald B.|last2=Meyers|first2=Gregor|last3=Bukh|first3=Jens|last4=Gould|first4=Ernest A.|last5=Monath|first5=Thomas|last6=Scott Muerhoff|first6=A.|last7=Pletnev|first7=Alexander|last8=Rico-Hesse|first8=Rebecca|last9=Stapleton|first9=Jack T.|date=2017-08-01|title=Proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae|url=https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000873|journal=Journal of General Virology|language=en|volume=98|issue=8|pages=2106–2112|doi=10.1099/jgv.0.000873|issn=0022-1317|pmc=PMC5656787|pmid=28786787}}</ref>","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.000873","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":155207,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:02.307078-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Virus ini merupakan spesies yang berada dalam famili Flaviviridae dan genus Pestivirus. Ia dikelompokkan dalam grup IV dalam sistem klasifikasi Baltimore, yaitu virus RNA untai tunggal dengan sense-positif. Genus Pestivirus terdiri atas 11 spesies yang diberi nama Pestivirus A sampai Pestivirus K.","translated_text":"This virus is a species in the family Flaviviridae and the genus Pestivirus. It is classified in group IV in the Baltimore classification system, which is single-stranded RNA virus with sense-positive. The genus Pestivirus consists of 11 species named Pestivirus A to Pestivirus K.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release|last=|first=|date=|website=talk.ictvonline.org|language=en|access-date=11 Oktober 2019}}</ref>","char_index":298,"name":null,"url":"https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:04.382085-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pestivirus C memiliki kemiripan antigenik dengan bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) yang digolongkan dalam Pestivirus A dan Pestivirus B, serta border disease virus (BDV) yang merupakan sinonim dari Pestivirus D. Virus BVDV dan BDV sering disebut Pestivirus ruminansia seperti sapi, kambing, domba, dan rusa; sedangkan Pestivirus C disebut Pestivirus babi.","translated_text":"Pestivirus C has antigenic similarities to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) classified in Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B, as well as border disease virus (BDV) which is synonymous with Pestivirus D. BVDV and BDV viruses are often called ruminant Pestiviruses such as cows, goats, sheep, and deer; whereas Pestivirus C is called swine Pestivirus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_A|title=Pestivirus A|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_A","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42740,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.404725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_B|title=Pestivirus B|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_B","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":39986,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.584996-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (44 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_D|title=Pestivirus D|last=|first=|date=|website=species.wikimedia.org|language=en|access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":"https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus_D","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":39973,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.798927-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pestivirus C memiliki kemiripan antigenik dengan bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) yang digolongkan dalam Pestivirus A dan Pestivirus B, serta border disease virus (BDV) yang merupakan sinonim dari Pestivirus D. Virus BVDV dan BDV sering disebut Pestivirus ruminansia seperti sapi, kambing, domba, dan rusa; sedangkan Pestivirus C disebut Pestivirus babi. Walaupun demikian, Pestivirus ruminansia juga dapat menginfeksi babi meskipun tidak diikuti dengan munculnya tanda klinis.","translated_text":"Pestivirus C has antigenic similarities to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) classified in Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B, as well as border disease virus (BDV) which is synonymous with Pestivirus D. BVDV and BDV viruses are often called ruminant Pestiviruses such as cows, goats, sheep, and deer; whereas Pestivirus C is called swine Pestivirus. Nevertheless, ruminant Pestivirus can also infect pigs despite not being accompanied by clinical signs.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mdsvet\">{{cite web|last1=Risatti|first1=Guillermo, R.|last2=Borca|first2=Manuel|title=Overview of Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera, Swine Fever)|url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever|language=en|website=www.msdvetmanual.com|publisher=MSD Veterinary Manual|ref=harv}}</ref>","char_index":479,"name":"mdsvet","url":"https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":354708,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.991085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83837890625}]},{"text":"Demam babi klasik ditemukan di Asia, Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Tengah, dan Amerika Selatan. Sejumlah negara telah dinyatakan bebas dari penyakit ini, seperti Australia dan Selandia Baru, beberapa negara di Amerika Utara (seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Meksiko), Eropa (seperti Belanda, Britania Raya, Jerman, Prancis, dan Spanyol), serta Amerika Selatan (seperti Argentina, Chili, Paraguay, dan Uruguay).","translated_text":"Classical swine fever is found in Asia, Europe, Africa, Central America, and South America. A number of countries have been declared free of the disease, such as Australia and New Zealand, some countries in North America (such as the United States, Canada, and Mexico), Europe (such as the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Spain), and South America (such as Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|title=Map of CSF official status|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074145/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":407,"name":null,"url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:16.659493-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|title=Map of CSF official status|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074145/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":407,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074145/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/map-of-csf-official-status/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:16.746274-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/|title=List of CSF free Members|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074148/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":407,"name":null,"url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:16.815926-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/|title=List of CSF free Members|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074148/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":407,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191112074148/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/list-of-csf-free-member-countries/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:16.873017-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyakit ini lalu menyebar provinsi lain di Pulau Sumatra, ke Pulau Jawa, Bali, Kalimantan, hingga Sulawesi. Pada tahun 1997, Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 888/Kpts/TN.560/9/97 menyatakan bahwa penyakit ini telah menyebar di 11 provinsi, yaitu Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Riau, Jambi, DKI Jakarta, Jawa Tengah, Kalimantan Barat, Bali, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat ikut mengalami wabah pada tahun 2006.","translated_text":"The disease then spread to other provinces on the island of Sumatra, to Java, Bali, Borneo, to Sulawesi. In 1997, the Indonesian Government through Agriculture Minister's Decision No. 888/Kpts/TN.560/9/97 stated that the disease had spread to 11 provinces, namely North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, DKI Jakarta, Central Java, West Kalimantan, Bali, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara East. The provinces of Papua and West Papua joined the outbreak in 2006.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{citation|last=Kementerian Pertanian RI|year=2006|title=Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 606/Kpts/OT.160/10/2006 tentang Pernyataan Berjangkitnya Wabah Penyakit Sampar Babi (''Classical Swine Fever/Hog Cholera'') pada Ternak Babi di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/11rLgYsWGQ10tcTGwD0edNx_l9Wf6z11s/view|location=Jakarta|publisher=Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia}}</ref>","char_index":499,"name":null,"url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/11rLgYsWGQ10tcTGwD0edNx_l9Wf6z11s/view","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98297,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:16.943472-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2014, Provinsi Sumatera Barat secara resmi ditetapkan bebas dari demam babi klasik melalui Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 181/Kpts/PD.650/2/2014. Di akhir tahun 2019, ribuan babi di Sumatera Utara mati secara mendadak. Pengujian laboratorium menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap demam babi klasik dan terindikasi demam babi afrika, penyakit yang belum pernah ditemukan sebelumnya di Indonesia.","translated_text":"In 2014, the Province of West Sumatra was officially declared free from classical swine fever through the Agriculture Minister's Decision No. 181/Kpts/PD.650/2/2014. At the end of 2019, thousands of pigs in North Sumatra died suddenly. Laboratory tests showed positive results for classical swine fever and indicated African swine fever, a disease not previously detected in Indonesia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akurat.co/news/id-851265-read-ratusan-babi-mati-di-medan-diduga-akibat-virus-hog-cholera-dan-suspect-asf|title=Ratusan Babi Mati di Medan Diduga Akibat Virus Hog Cholera dan Suspect ASF|last=Muhlis|first=|date=2019-11-10|website=akurat.co|access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref>","char_index":405,"name":null,"url":"https://akurat.co/news/id-851265-read-ratusan-babi-mati-di-medan-diduga-akibat-virus-hog-cholera-dan-suspect-asf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8676,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.241274-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cara penularan yang paling sering terjadi adalah melalui kontak langsung antara babi terinfeksi dengan babi sehat. Cairan tubuh dari babi terinfeksi (air liur, leleran dari hidung dan mata, darah, urin, serta tinja) merupakan sumber virus. Hewan yang terinfeksi secara persisten (kronis) sering kali tidak menunjukkan tanda klinis, tetapi menyebarkan partikel virus ke lingkungan melalui tinjanya.","translated_text":"The most common method of transmission is through direct contact between infected pigs and healthy pigs. The body fluid from infected pigs ( saliva, saliva from the nose and eyes, blood, urine, and feces) is a source of the virus. Persistently (chronicly) infected animals often show no clinical signs, but spread virus particles to the environment through their feces.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mdsvet\">{{cite web|last1=Risatti|first1=Guillermo, R.|last2=Borca|first2=Manuel|title=Overview of Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera, Swine Fever)|url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever|language=en|website=www.msdvetmanual.com|publisher=MSD Veterinary Manual|ref=harv}}</ref>","char_index":397,"name":"mdsvet","url":"https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":354708,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.991085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83837890625}]},{"text":"Babi sehat menjadi terinfeksi akibat menelan partikel virus, termasuk memakan daging babi atau olahannya yang mengandung Pestivirus C. Konsumsi sampah sisa makanan yang dikenal dengan istilah swill feeding juga dapat membuat babi terinfeksi.","translated_text":"Healthy pigs become infected by ingesting virus particles, including eating pork or its processed ingredients containing Pestivirus C. Consuming food waste known as swill feeding can also make pigs infected.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Demam babi klasik bentuk akut disebabkan oleh strain virus ganas dan sering kali ditemukan pada babi berusia muda. Tanda klinis yang dijumpai yaitu demam tinggi; lemah dan tidak nafsu makan; konjungtivitis; sianosis terutama pada telinga, moncong, kaki, dan ekor; hiperemi atau pendarahan multifokal pada kulit; konstipasi yang diikuti diare, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening; ataksia, paresis, dan kejang; inkoordinasi dan cara berjalan yang aneh; leukopenia berat; dan perilaku berkerumun bersama-sama.","translated_text":"Acute classical swine fever is caused by a malignant virus strain and is often found in young pigs. Clinical signs found include high fever; weakness and loss of appetite; conjunctivitis; cyanosis especially of the ear, nose, legs, and tail; hyperemia or multifocal bleeding of the skin; constipation followed by diarrhea, swelling of the lymph nodes; ataxia, paresis, and seizures; unusual coordination and walking patterns; severe leukopenia; and conglomerate behaviour.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":506,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tanda klinis yang dijumpai yaitu demam tinggi; lemah dan tidak nafsu makan; konjungtivitis; sianosis terutama pada telinga, moncong, kaki, dan ekor; hiperemi atau pendarahan multifokal pada kulit; konstipasi yang diikuti diare, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening; ataksia, paresis, dan kejang; inkoordinasi dan cara berjalan yang aneh; leukopenia berat; dan perilaku berkerumun bersama-sama. Beberapa babi akan muntah atau menunjukkan gangguan sistem pernapasan. Kematian biasanya terjadi setelah 1-2 pekan di mana angka kematian pada babi muda bisa mencapai 100%.","translated_text":"Clinical signs found include high fever; weakness and loss of appetite; conjunctivitis; cyanosis especially of the ear, nose, legs, and tail; hyperemia or multifocal bleeding of the skin; constipation followed by diarrhea, swelling of the lymph nodes; ataxia, paresis, and seizures; unusual coordination and walking patterns; severe leukopenia; and conglomerate behaviour. Some pigs will vomit or show respiratory system disorders. Death usually occurs after 1-2 weeks where the mortality rate in young pigs can reach 100%.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE portal\">{{cite web|title=Classical Swine Fever (CSF)|url=https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|website=www.oie.int|language=en|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|access-date=2019-11-11|ref=harv|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809034239/https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":506,"name":"OIE portal","url":"https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/animal-diseases/Classical-swine-fever/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.319083-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan tanda klinis yang bervariasi, pengujian laboratorium dibutuhkan untuk menegakkan diagnosis. Untuk mengonfirmasi kasus klinis, isolasi virus pada kultur sel dan uji reaksi berantai polimerase (PCR) merupakan metode pengujian yang sesuai, diikuti dengan uji netralisasi virus. Spesimen yang sesuai untuk pengujian yaitu tonsil, kelenjar getah bening (mandibular, retrofaringeal, gastrohepatik, dan mesenterik), limpa, ginjal, ileum, darah tanpa antikoagulan, dan usap hidung atau tonsil.","translated_text":"With varying clinical signs, laboratory testing is needed to establish a diagnosis. To confirm a clinical case, isolation of the virus in the cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing are appropriate testing methods, followed by a virus neutralization test. Specimens suitable for testing are tonsils, lymph nodes (mandibular, retrofaringeal, gastrohepatic, and mesenteric), spleen, kidneys, ileum, blood without anticoagulants, and nasal or tonsil wipes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mdsvet\">{{cite web|last1=Risatti|first1=Guillermo, R.|last2=Borca|first2=Manuel|title=Overview of Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera, Swine Fever)|url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever|language=en|website=www.msdvetmanual.com|publisher=MSD Veterinary Manual|ref=harv}}</ref>","char_index":492,"name":"mdsvet","url":"https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/classical-swine-fever/overview-of-classical-swine-fever","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":354708,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:14.991085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83837890625}]},{"text":"Temuan kasus demam babi klasik wajib dilaporkan karena penyakit ini ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia sebagai penyakit hewan menular strategis (PHMS) dan termasuk dalam daftar penyakit yang wajib dilaporkan pada OIE.","translated_text":"The finding of classical swine fever cases is mandatory because the disease is designated by the Government of Indonesia as a strategic communicable animal disease (PHMS) and is included in the list of diseases that must be reported to the OIE.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":"OIE disease list","url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.981713-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"OIE disease list\">{{cite web|url=https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|title=OIE-Listed diseases, infections and infestations in force in 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oie.int|publisher=World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|ref=harv|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814171800/https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":"OIE disease list","url":"https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2019/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5450,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:50.981713-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Tularemia","wikicode":"{{Penyangkalan-medis}}\n{{Infobox disease |\n  Name           = Tularemia |\n  Image          = Tularemia lesion.jpg |\n  Caption        = Lesi akibat tularemia pada kulit tangan. |\n  DiseasesDB     = 13454 |\n  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|21||a|20}} |\n  ICD9           = {{ICD9|021}} |\n  ICDO           = |\n  OMIM           = |/\n  MedlinePlus    = 000856 |\n  eMedicineSubj  = med |\n  eMedicineTopic = 2326 |\n  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|591}} {{eMedicine2|ped|2327}} |\n  MeshID         = D014406 |\n}}\n\n'''Tularemia''' adalah [[penyakit]] menular yang disebabkan oleh [[bakteri]] ''[[Francisella tularensis]]''. Penyakit ini didapat setelah bersentuhan dengan binatang dan unggas itu, oleh memakan [[daging]] yang tidak dimasak benar-benar dan dari gigitan [[kutu]] binatang atau serangga penghisap darah lain. [[Kelinci]] ialah binatang sumber penyakit ini yang paling umum. Orang-orang yang berisiko tinggi terhadap penyakit ini ialah para pemburu, tukang potong hewan, dan ibu rumah tangga.\n\n== Penjangkitan ==\nKuman memasuki tubuh melalui luka pada [[kulit]], melalui lapisan atau [[membran]], atau oleh menelan atau menghisap kuman tersebut.\n\n== Gejala ==\nGejala biasanya terjadi 3-7 hari sesudah kuman masuk. [[Ulkus]] atau luka terjadi pada membran atau [[kulit]] dengan pembengkakkan dan pecahnya [[kelenjar getah bening]] di daerah itu. Hal ini disertai panas tinggi, perasaan [[pusing]] yang berat, pembesaran [[hati]] dan [[limpa]]. Pada beberapa kasus, penyakit ini bisa menyerang [[paru-paru]], [[alat-alat pencernaan]], atau [[selaput mata]]\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Antraks]]\n* [[Leptospirosis]]\n* [[Pes]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penyakit bakterial]]\n[[Kategori:Penyakit hewan]]\n\n\n{{kesehatan-stub}}","hash":"3f2d950b4201085a53f3ec45f8d8e895422ab1bef45272451ef4d344534ba80d","last_revision":"2022-12-16T07:05:43Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:22:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.928470","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تولاريميا","az":"Tulyaremiya","be":"Тулярэмія","bg":"Туларемия","ca":"Tularèmia","cs":"Tularémie","de":"Tularämie","el":"Τουλαραιμία","en":"Tularemia","eo":"Tularemio","es":"Tularemia","eu":"Tularemia","fa":"تولارمی","fi":"Jänisrutto","fr":"Tularémie","ga":"Túlairéime","he":"טולרמיה","hr":"Tularemija","hu":"Tularémia","hy":"Տուլարեմիա","is":"Hérasótt","it":"Tularemia","ja":"野兎病","ka":"ტულარემია","kk":"Туляремия","kn":"ಟುಲರೀಮಿಯ","ko":"야토병","ky":"Туляремия","mk":"Туларемија","ml":"ടൂലറിമിയ","ms":"Tularemia","nl":"Tularemie","nb":"Tularemi","or":"ଟୁଲାରେମିଆ","pl":"Tularemia","pt":"Tularemia","ro":"Tularemie","ru":"Туляремия","sh":"Tularemija","simple":"Tularemia","sl":"Tularemija","sr":"Туларемија","sv":"Harpest","th":"ไข้กระต่าย","tr":"Tularemi","uk":"Туляремія","vi":"Bệnh sốt thỏ","zh":"兔熱病"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Tularemia adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Francisella tularensis. Penyakit ini didapat setelah bersentuhan dengan binatang dan unggas itu, oleh memakan daging yang tidak dimasak benar-benar dan dari gigitan kutu binatang atau serangga penghisap darah lain. Kelinci ialah binatang sumber penyakit ini yang paling umum. Orang-orang yang berisiko tinggi terhadap penyakit ini ialah para pemburu, tukang potong hewan, dan ibu rumah tangga.\n\nKuman memasuki tubuh melalui luka pada kulit, melalui lapisan atau membran, atau oleh menelan atau menghisap kuman tersebut.\n\nGejala biasanya terjadi 3-7 hari sesudah kuman masuk. Ulkus atau luka terjadi pada membran atau kulit dengan pembengkakkan dan pecahnya kelenjar getah bening di daerah itu. Hal ini disertai panas tinggi, perasaan pusing yang berat, pembesaran hati dan limpa. Pada beberapa kasus, penyakit ini bisa menyerang paru-paru, alat-alat pencernaan, atau selaput mata\n\nAntraks Leptospirosis Pes\n\nKategori:Penyakit bakterial Kategori:Penyakit hewan\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox disease |\n  Name           = Tularemia |\n  Image          = Tularemia lesion.jpg |\n  Caption        = Lesi akibat tularemia pada kulit tangan. |\n  DiseasesDB     = 13454 |\n  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|21||a|20}} |\n  ICD9           = {{ICD9|021}} |\n  ICDO           = |\n  OMIM           = |/\n  MedlinePlus    = 000856 |\n  eMedicineSubj  = med |\n  eMedicineTopic = 2326 |\n  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|591}} {{eMedicine2|ped|2327}} |\n  MeshID         = D014406 |\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tularemia adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Francisella tularensis.","translated_text":"Tularemia is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyakit ini didapat setelah bersentuhan dengan binatang dan unggas itu, oleh memakan daging yang tidak dimasak benar-benar dan dari gigitan kutu binatang atau serangga penghisap darah lain.","translated_text":"The disease is contracted after contact with the animals and the poultry, by eating meat that has not been cooked properly and from the bite of animal lice or other blood-sucking insects.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelinci ialah binatang sumber penyakit ini yang paling umum.","translated_text":"Rabbits are the most common source of this disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang","translated_text":"People.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-orang yang berisiko tinggi terhadap penyakit ini ialah para pemburu, tukang potong hewan, dan ibu rumah tangga.","translated_text":"- people at high risk for this disease are hunters, butchers, and housewives.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penjangkitan","translated_text":"Infections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kuman memasuki tubuh melalui luka pada kulit, melalui lapisan atau membran, atau oleh menelan atau menghisap kuman tersebut.","translated_text":"The germ enters the body through wounds on the skin, through layers or membranes, or by swallowing or sucking up the germ.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gejala","translated_text":"What are the symptoms?","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gejala biasanya terjadi 3-7 hari sesudah kuman masuk.","translated_text":"Symptoms usually occur three to seven days after the germ enters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ulkus atau luka terjadi pada membran atau kulit dengan pembengkakkan dan pecahnya kelenjar getah bening di daerah itu.","translated_text":"Ulcers or lesions occur on the membrane or skin by swelling and rupture of the lymph nodes in that area.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini disertai panas tinggi, perasaan pusing yang berat, pembesaran hati dan limpa.","translated_text":"It is accompanied by high fever, heavy dizziness, enlargement of the liver and spleen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada beberapa kasus, penyakit ini bisa menyerang paru-paru, alat-alat pencernaan, atau selaput mata","translated_text":"In some cases, the disease can affect the lungs, the digestive tract, or the eyelid","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antraks Leptospirosis Pes","translated_text":"Anthrax and Leptospirosis","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyakit bakterial Kategori:Penyakit hewan","translated_text":"Category:Bacterial diseases Category:Animal diseases and other diseases","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pektinase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Tree bark.jpg|jmpl|200px|Kulit kayu yang keras diakibatkan oleh adanya berbagai senyawa polisakarida kompleks, seperti pektin.]]\n'''Pektinase''' adalah [[enzim]] yang digunakan dalam proses degradasi molekul [[pektin]] (sejenis kompleks [[polisakarida]]).<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Di dalam [[sel]] [[tanaman]], pektin banyak berperan dalam membentuk struktur tubuh yang kuat.<ref name=book1/> Terdapat beberapa jenis molekul pektin yang dapat didegradasi oleh pektinase, antara lain protopektin, pektin, asam pektinat, asam pektik, dan rhamnogalakturonan.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Peranan di alam ==\nPektinase terlibat dalam siklus [[karbon]] di alam karena mampu mendegradasi molekul keras pektin.<ref name=book1/> Hasil dari pemecahan pektin adalah molekul [[galakturonan]] jenuh dan tak jenuh.<ref name=book1/> Galakturonan kemudian akan segera dikatabolis menjadi 5-keto-4-deoksi-uronat.<ref name=book1/> Pada reaksi selanjutnya, molekul ini akan diubah menjadi [[piruvat]] dan 3-fosfogliseraldehida.<ref>Vincent-Sealy LV, Thomas JD, Commander P, Salmond GP. 1999. ''Erwinia carotovora'' DsbA mutants: evidence for a periplasmic-stress signal transduction system affecting transcription of genes encoding secreted proteins. ''Microbiology'' 145:1945–58.</ref>\n\nTerdapat beberapa jenis [[mikroorganisme]] yang mampu menghasilkan enzim pektinase, seperti ''[[Aspergillus flavus]]'', ''Fusarium oxysporum'', dan ''Botrytis cinerea''.<ref>Lang C, Dörenberg H. 2000. Perspective in the biological function and the technological applications of polygalacturonases. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol'' 53:366–375.</ref><ref>DiPietro A, Roncero MI. 1996. Purification and characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from the tomato vascular wilt pathogen ''Fusarium oxysporum'' f.sp. lycopersici. ''FEMS Microbiol Lett'' 145:295–299.</ref> Poligalakturonase, salah satu jenis enzim golongan pektin, berperan dalam proses pematangan buah secara alami.<ref>Chin L, Ali ZM, Lazan H. 1999. Cell wall modifications, degrading enzymes and softening of carambola fruit during ripening. ''J Experimental Botany'' 50:767–775.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"0508a1a3a2353849d2c5f65bb6f7d0f8669031f85f106509d19fccc94062c8e2","last_revision":"2017-11-29T09:58:36Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:23:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:45.989747","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Pectinasa","de":"Pektinasen","en":"Pectinase","es":"Pectinasa","fa":"پکتیناز","fr":"Pectinase","ja":"ペクチナーゼ","ms":"Pektinase","nl":"Pectinase","simple":"Pectinase","sv":"Pektinas","uk":"Пектиназа","zh":"果胶酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Pektinase adalah enzim yang digunakan dalam proses degradasi molekul pektin (sejenis kompleks polisakarida). Di dalam sel tanaman, pektin banyak berperan dalam membentuk struktur tubuh yang kuat. Terdapat beberapa jenis molekul pektin yang dapat didegradasi oleh pektinase, antara lain protopektin, pektin, asam pektinat, asam pektik, dan rhamnogalakturonan.\n\nPektinase terlibat dalam siklus karbon di alam karena mampu mendegradasi molekul keras pektin. Hasil dari pemecahan pektin adalah molekul galakturonan jenuh dan tak jenuh. Galakturonan kemudian akan segera dikatabolis menjadi 5-keto-4-deoksi-uronat. Pada reaksi selanjutnya, molekul ini akan diubah menjadi piruvat dan 3-fosfogliseraldehida.\n\nTerdapat beberapa jenis mikroorganisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim pektinase, seperti Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, dan Botrytis cinerea. Poligalakturonase, salah satu jenis enzim golongan pektin, berperan dalam proses pematangan buah secara alami.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pektinase adalah enzim yang digunakan dalam proses degradasi molekul pektin (sejenis kompleks polisakarida).","translated_text":"Pectinase is an enzyme used in the degradation process of pectin molecules (a type of polysaccharide complex).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam sel tanaman, pektin banyak berperan dalam membentuk struktur tubuh yang kuat.","translated_text":"Within plant cells, pectin plays a large role in forming strong body structures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat beberapa jenis molekul pektin yang dapat didegradasi oleh pektinase, antara lain protopektin, pektin, asam pektinat, asam pektik, dan rhamnogalakturonan.","translated_text":"There are several types of pectin molecules that can be degraded by pectinase, including protopectin, pectin, pectinic acid, pectinic acid, and rhamnogalacturonan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peranan di alam","translated_text":"Role in nature","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pektinase terlibat dalam siklus karbon di alam karena mampu mendegradasi molekul keras pektin.","translated_text":"Pectinases are involved in the carbon cycle in nature because they are capable of degrading the hard molecules of pectin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil dari pemecahan pektin adalah molekul galakturonan jenuh dan tak jenuh.","translated_text":"The result of the pectin breakdown is a molecule of saturated and unsaturated galacturons.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":76,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Galakturonan kemudian akan segera dikatabolis menjadi 5-keto-4-deoksi-uronat.","translated_text":"Galacturonan is then immediately catabolized into 5-keto-4-deoxy-uronate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada reaksi selanjutnya, molekul ini akan diubah menjadi piruvat dan 3-fosfogliseraldehida.","translated_text":"In subsequent reactions, these molecules are converted into pyruvate and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Vincent-Sealy LV, Thomas JD, Commander P, Salmond GP. 1999. ''Erwinia carotovora'' DsbA mutants: evidence for a periplasmic-stress signal transduction system affecting transcription of genes encoding secreted proteins. ''Microbiology'' 145:1945–58.</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terdapat beberapa jenis mikroorganisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim pektinase, seperti Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, dan Botrytis cinerea.","translated_text":"There are several types of microorganisms capable of producing pectinase enzymes, such as Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Lang C, Dörenberg H. 2000. Perspective in the biological function and the technological applications of polygalacturonases. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol'' 53:366–375.</ref>","char_index":149,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>DiPietro A, Roncero MI. 1996. Purification and characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from the tomato vascular wilt pathogen ''Fusarium oxysporum'' f.sp. lycopersici. ''FEMS Microbiol Lett'' 145:295–299.</ref>","char_index":149,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Poligalakturonase, salah satu jenis enzim golongan pektin, berperan dalam proses pematangan buah secara alami.","translated_text":"Polygalacturonase, a type of pectin enzyme, plays a role in the natural ripening process of fruits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Chin L, Ali ZM, Lazan H. 1999. Cell wall modifications, degrading enzymes and softening of carambola fruit during ripening. ''J Experimental Botany'' 50:767–775.</ref>","char_index":110,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pektinase adalah enzim yang digunakan dalam proses degradasi molekul pektin (sejenis kompleks polisakarida).","translated_text":"Pectinase is an enzyme used in the degradation process of pectin molecules (a type of polysaccharide complex).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase adalah enzim yang digunakan dalam proses degradasi molekul pektin (sejenis kompleks polisakarida). Di dalam sel tanaman, pektin banyak berperan dalam membentuk struktur tubuh yang kuat.","translated_text":"Pectinase is an enzyme used in the degradation process of pectin molecules (a type of polysaccharide complex). Within plant cells, pectin plays a large role in forming strong body structures.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":195,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase adalah enzim yang digunakan dalam proses degradasi molekul pektin (sejenis kompleks polisakarida). Di dalam sel tanaman, pektin banyak berperan dalam membentuk struktur tubuh yang kuat. Terdapat beberapa jenis molekul pektin yang dapat didegradasi oleh pektinase, antara lain protopektin, pektin, asam pektinat, asam pektik, dan rhamnogalakturonan.","translated_text":"Pectinase is an enzyme used in the degradation process of pectin molecules (a type of polysaccharide complex). Within plant cells, pectin plays a large role in forming strong body structures. There are several types of pectin molecules that can be degraded by pectinase, including protopectin, pectin, pectinic acid, pectinic acid, and rhamnogalacturonan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":358,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase terlibat dalam siklus karbon di alam karena mampu mendegradasi molekul keras pektin.","translated_text":"Pectinases are involved in the carbon cycle in nature because they are capable of degrading the hard molecules of pectin.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase terlibat dalam siklus karbon di alam karena mampu mendegradasi molekul keras pektin. Hasil dari pemecahan pektin adalah molekul galakturonan jenuh dan tak jenuh.","translated_text":"Pectinases are involved in the carbon cycle in nature because they are capable of degrading the hard molecules of pectin. The result of the pectin breakdown is a molecule of saturated and unsaturated galacturons.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":171,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase terlibat dalam siklus karbon di alam karena mampu mendegradasi molekul keras pektin. Hasil dari pemecahan pektin adalah molekul galakturonan jenuh dan tak jenuh. Galakturonan kemudian akan segera dikatabolis menjadi 5-keto-4-deoksi-uronat.","translated_text":"Pectinases are involved in the carbon cycle in nature because they are capable of degrading the hard molecules of pectin. The result of the pectin breakdown is a molecule of saturated and unsaturated galacturons. Galacturonan is then immediately catabolized into 5-keto-4-deoxy-uronate.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 99-100. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":249,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hasil dari pemecahan pektin adalah molekul galakturonan jenuh dan tak jenuh. Galakturonan kemudian akan segera dikatabolis menjadi 5-keto-4-deoksi-uronat. Pada reaksi selanjutnya, molekul ini akan diubah menjadi piruvat dan 3-fosfogliseraldehida.","translated_text":"The result of the pectin breakdown is a molecule of saturated and unsaturated galacturons. Galacturonan is then immediately catabolized into 5-keto-4-deoxy-uronate. In subsequent reactions, these molecules are converted into pyruvate and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Vincent-Sealy LV, Thomas JD, Commander P, Salmond GP. 1999. ''Erwinia carotovora'' DsbA mutants: evidence for a periplasmic-stress signal transduction system affecting transcription of genes encoding secreted proteins. ''Microbiology'' 145:1945–58.</ref>","char_index":246,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terdapat beberapa jenis mikroorganisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim pektinase, seperti Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, dan Botrytis cinerea.","translated_text":"There are several types of microorganisms capable of producing pectinase enzymes, such as Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Lang C, Dörenberg H. 2000. Perspective in the biological function and the technological applications of polygalacturonases. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol'' 53:366–375.</ref>","char_index":149,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>DiPietro A, Roncero MI. 1996. Purification and characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from the tomato vascular wilt pathogen ''Fusarium oxysporum'' f.sp. lycopersici. ''FEMS Microbiol Lett'' 145:295–299.</ref>","char_index":149,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terdapat beberapa jenis mikroorganisme yang mampu menghasilkan enzim pektinase, seperti Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, dan Botrytis cinerea. Poligalakturonase, salah satu jenis enzim golongan pektin, berperan dalam proses pematangan buah secara alami.","translated_text":"There are several types of microorganisms capable of producing pectinase enzymes, such as Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea. Polygalacturonase, a type of pectin enzyme, plays a role in the natural ripening process of fruits.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Chin L, Ali ZM, Lazan H. 1999. Cell wall modifications, degrading enzymes and softening of carambola fruit during ripening. ''J Experimental Botany'' 50:767–775.</ref>","char_index":260,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Richard Hooker","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Wenceslas Hollar - Richard Hooker (State 1).jpg|200px|jmpl|Richard Hooker]]\n'''Richard Hooker''' (1554-1600) adalah seorang [[teolog]] dari [[Gereja Anglikan]] dan juga seorang [[apologis]] terkenal.<ref name=\"Hans\"/><ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref> Ia dikenal oleh publik secara luas sejak ia berdebat dengan [[Walter Travers]], yang merupakan seorang [[Calvinis]], mengenai keharusan Gereja Anglikan untuk mengikuti pola-pola yang ditetapkan oleh [[Yohanes Calvin]].<ref name=\"Hans\"/><ref name=\"Carey\"/> Isu utama yang menjadi pembicaraan adalah bagaimana [[Alkitab]] digunakan dalam menentukan kebijakan gerejawi.<ref name=\"Carey\"/> Travers menyatakan bahwa Alkitab mengajarkan model [[presbiterian]] sebagai model gereja yang tepat, sedangkan Hooker menyatakan bahwa Alkitab tidak memberikan suatu model pemerintahan gerejawi apapun.<ref name=\"Carey\"/> Alkitab hanya menyarankan perlunya hukum-hukum alam dan hukum-hukum positif lainnya diperhatikan di dalam pemerintahan gerejawi.<ref name=\"Carey\"/>\n\nPandangan lain dari Hooker adalah tentang keselamatan, yakni bahwa meskipun Tuhan menginginkan semua manusia untuk diselamatkan, tetapi prosesnya tergantung pada respons yang tepat dari orang-orang yang percaya pada [[Tuhan]].<ref name=\"Hans\"/> Pandangan Hooker ini merupakan tentangan terhadap pandangan kaum Calvinis.<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1554|1600}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gereja Anglikan]]\n[[Kategori:Teolog Inggris]]\n\n\n{{negara-bio-stub|Inggris}}","hash":"cbf3b9ee65fc2ddff8c71ff1c32f128a3a27cce43615b3a742d8367223339c83","last_revision":"2023-08-27T06:34:46Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:24:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.044012","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ريتشارد هوكر","arz":"ريتشارد هوكر","ca":"Richard Hooker","de":"Richard Hooker","en":"Richard Hooker","eo":"Richard Hooker","es":"Richard Hooker","fa":"ریچارد هوکر","fi":"Richard Hooker","fr":"Richard Hooker","hu":"Richard Hooker (teológus)","it":"Richard Hooker","ja":"リチャード・フッカー","ko":"리처드 후커","nl":"Richard Hooker (theoloog)","pl":"Richard Hooker","pt":"Richard Hooker","ro":"Richard Hooker","ru":"Хукер, Ричард","sv":"Richard Hooker","tl":"Richard Hooker","zh":"理察·胡克"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) adalah seorang teolog dari Gereja Anglikan dan juga seorang apologis terkenal. Ia dikenal oleh publik secara luas sejak ia berdebat dengan Walter Travers, yang merupakan seorang Calvinis, mengenai keharusan Gereja Anglikan untuk mengikuti pola-pola yang ditetapkan oleh Yohanes Calvin. Isu utama yang menjadi pembicaraan adalah bagaimana Alkitab digunakan dalam menentukan kebijakan gerejawi. Travers menyatakan bahwa Alkitab mengajarkan model presbiterian sebagai model gereja yang tepat, sedangkan Hooker menyatakan bahwa Alkitab tidak memberikan suatu model pemerintahan gerejawi apapun. Alkitab hanya menyarankan perlunya hukum-hukum alam dan hukum-hukum positif lainnya diperhatikan di dalam pemerintahan gerejawi.\n\nPandangan lain dari Hooker adalah tentang keselamatan, yakni bahwa meskipun Tuhan menginginkan semua manusia untuk diselamatkan, tetapi prosesnya tergantung pada respons yang tepat dari orang-orang yang percaya pada Tuhan. Pandangan Hooker ini merupakan tentangan terhadap pandangan kaum Calvinis.\n\nKategori:Gereja Anglikan Kategori:Teolog Inggris\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) adalah seorang teolog dari Gereja Anglikan dan juga seorang apologis terkenal.","translated_text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) was a theologian of the Anglican Church and also a noted apologist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dikenal oleh publik secara luas sejak ia berdebat dengan Walter Travers, yang merupakan seorang Calvinis, mengenai keharusan Gereja Anglikan untuk mengikuti pola-pola yang ditetapkan oleh Yohanes Calvin.","translated_text":"He was widely known to the public since he argued with Walter Travers, a Calvinist, about the necessity for the Anglican Church to follow the patterns set by John Calvin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Isu utama yang menjadi pembicaraan adalah bagaimana Alkitab digunakan dalam menentukan kebijakan gerejawi.","translated_text":"The main issue discussed was how the Bible was used in determining church policy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":106,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Travers menyatakan bahwa Alkitab mengajarkan model presbiterian sebagai model gereja yang tepat, sedangkan Hooker menyatakan bahwa Alkitab tidak memberikan suatu model pemerintahan gerejawi apapun.","translated_text":"Travers states that the Bible teaches the presbyterian model as the proper model of the church, while Hooker states that the Bible does not provide any model of church government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":197,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab hanya menyarankan perlunya hukum-hukum alam dan hukum-hukum positif lainnya diperhatikan di dalam pemerintahan gerejawi.","translated_text":"The Bible merely suggests the need for natural laws and other positive laws to be observed in church government.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pandangan lain dari Hooker adalah tentang keselamatan, yakni bahwa meskipun Tuhan menginginkan semua manusia untuk diselamatkan, tetapi prosesnya tergantung pada respons yang tepat dari orang-orang yang percaya pada Tuhan.","translated_text":"Hooker's other view was about salvation, that although God wants all humans to be saved, the process depends on the proper response of those who believe in God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":222,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pandangan Hooker ini merupakan tentangan terhadap pandangan kaum Calvinis.","translated_text":"Hooker's view was contrary to the Calvinist view.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":74,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gereja Anglikan Kategori:Teolog Inggris","translated_text":"Category:Anglican churches Category:English theologians","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) adalah seorang teolog dari Gereja Anglikan dan juga seorang apologis terkenal.","translated_text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) was a theologian of the Anglican Church and also a noted apologist.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) adalah seorang teolog dari Gereja Anglikan dan juga seorang apologis terkenal. Ia dikenal oleh publik secara luas sejak ia berdebat dengan Walter Travers, yang merupakan seorang Calvinis, mengenai keharusan Gereja Anglikan untuk mengikuti pola-pola yang ditetapkan oleh Yohanes Calvin.","translated_text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) was a theologian of the Anglican Church and also a noted apologist. He was widely known to the public since he argued with Walter Travers, a Calvinist, about the necessity for the Anglican Church to follow the patterns set by John Calvin.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) adalah seorang teolog dari Gereja Anglikan dan juga seorang apologis terkenal. Ia dikenal oleh publik secara luas sejak ia berdebat dengan Walter Travers, yang merupakan seorang Calvinis, mengenai keharusan Gereja Anglikan untuk mengikuti pola-pola yang ditetapkan oleh Yohanes Calvin. Isu utama yang menjadi pembicaraan adalah bagaimana Alkitab digunakan dalam menentukan kebijakan gerejawi.","translated_text":"Richard Hooker (1554-1600) was a theologian of the Anglican Church and also a noted apologist. He was widely known to the public since he argued with Walter Travers, a Calvinist, about the necessity for the Anglican Church to follow the patterns set by John Calvin. The main issue discussed was how the Bible was used in determining church policy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":419,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia dikenal oleh publik secara luas sejak ia berdebat dengan Walter Travers, yang merupakan seorang Calvinis, mengenai keharusan Gereja Anglikan untuk mengikuti pola-pola yang ditetapkan oleh Yohanes Calvin. Isu utama yang menjadi pembicaraan adalah bagaimana Alkitab digunakan dalam menentukan kebijakan gerejawi. Travers menyatakan bahwa Alkitab mengajarkan model presbiterian sebagai model gereja yang tepat, sedangkan Hooker menyatakan bahwa Alkitab tidak memberikan suatu model pemerintahan gerejawi apapun.","translated_text":"He was widely known to the public since he argued with Walter Travers, a Calvinist, about the necessity for the Anglican Church to follow the patterns set by John Calvin. The main issue discussed was how the Bible was used in determining church policy. Travers states that the Bible teaches the presbyterian model as the proper model of the church, while Hooker states that the Bible does not provide any model of church government.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":511,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Isu utama yang menjadi pembicaraan adalah bagaimana Alkitab digunakan dalam menentukan kebijakan gerejawi. Travers menyatakan bahwa Alkitab mengajarkan model presbiterian sebagai model gereja yang tepat, sedangkan Hooker menyatakan bahwa Alkitab tidak memberikan suatu model pemerintahan gerejawi apapun. Alkitab hanya menyarankan perlunya hukum-hukum alam dan hukum-hukum positif lainnya diperhatikan di dalam pemerintahan gerejawi.","translated_text":"The main issue discussed was how the Bible was used in determining church policy. Travers states that the Bible teaches the presbyterian model as the proper model of the church, while Hooker states that the Bible does not provide any model of church government. The Bible merely suggests the need for natural laws and other positive laws to be observed in church government.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Carey\">{{en}}Donald S. Armentrout. 2000. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''Biographical Dictionary of Christians Theologians''. Patrick W. Carey & Joseph T. Lienhard, eds. 252-253. London: Greenwood Press.</ref>","char_index":433,"name":"Carey","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pandangan lain dari Hooker adalah tentang keselamatan, yakni bahwa meskipun Tuhan menginginkan semua manusia untuk diselamatkan, tetapi prosesnya tergantung pada respons yang tepat dari orang-orang yang percaya pada Tuhan.","translated_text":"Hooker's other view was about salvation, that although God wants all humans to be saved, the process depends on the proper response of those who believe in God.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":222,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pandangan lain dari Hooker adalah tentang keselamatan, yakni bahwa meskipun Tuhan menginginkan semua manusia untuk diselamatkan, tetapi prosesnya tergantung pada respons yang tepat dari orang-orang yang percaya pada Tuhan. Pandangan Hooker ini merupakan tentangan terhadap pandangan kaum Calvinis.","translated_text":"Hooker's other view was about salvation, that although God wants all humans to be saved, the process depends on the proper response of those who believe in God. Hooker's view was contrary to the Calvinist view.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Hans\">{{en}}Thomas F. Mayer. 2004. \"Hooker, Richard\". In ''The Encyclopedia of Protestantism Volume 2''. Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. 710. London: Routledge.</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"Hans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pektinesterase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Hplc.JPG|jmpl|200px|[[HPLC]], salah satu alat yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalis aktivitas pektinesterase.]]\n'''Pektinesterase''' (PE) adalah [[enzim]] golongan [[pektinase]] yang mampu menghidrolisis senyawa [[pektin]].<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim ini bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus metoksi dari dari residu 6-karboksil pada rantai utama senyawa [[galakturonan]].<ref name=book1/> Hasil dari degradasi senyawa pektin ini adalah asam pektik, [[metanol]], dan [[proton]].<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Sumber ==\nPektinase dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis [[tanaman]] dan [[buah]]-buahan, seperti [[pisang]] dan [[tomat]].<ref name=book1/> Beberapa jenis [[bakteri]] dan [[cendawan]] juga telah terbukti mampu memproduksi enzim ini.<ref>Hasunuma T, Fukusaki EI, Kobayashi A. 2003. Methanol production is enhanced by expression of an ''Aspergillus niger'' pectin methylesterase in tobacco cells. ''J Biotechnol'' 106:45–52.</ref>\n\n== Karakteristik ==\n[[Massa]] [[molekul]] pektinesterase yang diperoleh dari tanaman dan bakteri ini berkisar antara 30-50 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]].<ref name=book1/> Enzim ini dapat bekerja optimum pada [[pH]] 4,0 hingga 7,0 dan pada [[suhu]] antara 40-60 <sup>0</sup>C dengan nilai Km 0,1 hingga 0,5&nbsp;mg/mL.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Uji Aktivitas ==\nAktivitas pektinesterase dapat dianalisis pada skala [[laboratorium]] dengan menggunakan pH stat.<ref>Whitaker JR. 1984. Pectic substances, pectic enzymes and haze formation in fruit juices. ''Enzyme Microbial Technol'' 6:341–347.</ref> Selain itu, metode [[titrasi]] juga dapat digunakan untuk hal ini, yaitu dengan meneteskan senyawa [[NaOH]] secara perlahan-lahan dan menganalisis perubahan [[derajat keasaman]] (pH) yang terjadi.<ref>Nakagawa T, Miyaji T, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y, Kato N, Tomizuka MA. 2000. Methylotrophic pathway participates in pectin utilization by ''Candida boidinii''. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 66:4253–57.</ref> [[Kromatografi]] gas dan ''[[high performance liquid chromatography]]'' (''HPLC'') dapat turut diaplikasikan dalam menguji aktivitas pekinesterase berdasarkan pelepasan senyawa [[metanol]] sebagai hasil reaksi enzim ini.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"2395836e8e9d881322202e9d6ce259cfc24acbb6c4b65ee24dd47c7dff609043","last_revision":"2022-12-19T23:02:29Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:41:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.136951","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Pektinmethylesterase","en":"Pectinesterase","es":"Pectín esterasa","it":"Pectinesterasi","ru":"Пектинэстераза","sh":"Pektinestaraza","sr":"Pektinestaraza","vi":"Pectinesterase"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Pektinesterase (PE) adalah enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu menghidrolisis senyawa pektin. Enzim ini bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus metoksi dari dari residu 6-karboksil pada rantai utama senyawa galakturonan. Hasil dari degradasi senyawa pektin ini adalah asam pektik, metanol, dan proton.\n\nPektinase dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis tanaman dan buah-buahan, seperti pisang dan tomat. Beberapa jenis bakteri dan cendawan juga telah terbukti mampu memproduksi enzim ini.\n\nMassa molekul pektinesterase yang diperoleh dari tanaman dan bakteri ini berkisar antara 30-50 kDa. Enzim ini dapat bekerja optimum pada pH 4,0 hingga 7,0 dan pada suhu antara 40-60 ⁰C dengan nilai Km 0,1 hingga 0,5 mg/mL.\n\nAktivitas pektinesterase dapat dianalisis pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan pH stat. Selain itu, metode titrasi juga dapat digunakan untuk hal ini, yaitu dengan meneteskan senyawa NaOH secara perlahan-lahan dan menganalisis perubahan derajat keasaman (pH) yang terjadi. Kromatografi gas dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dapat turut diaplikasikan dalam menguji aktivitas pekinesterase berdasarkan pelepasan senyawa metanol sebagai hasil reaksi enzim ini.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pektinesterase (PE) adalah enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu menghidrolisis senyawa pektin.","translated_text":"Pectinesterase (PE) is an enzyme of the pectinase group capable of hydrolysis of pectin compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus metoksi dari dari residu 6-karboksil pada rantai utama senyawa galakturonan.","translated_text":"This enzyme works specifically on the methoxy group of the 6-carboxylic residues on the main chain of galacturonan compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":121,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil dari degradasi senyawa pektin ini adalah asam pektik, metanol, dan proton.","translated_text":"The result of the degradation of these pectin compounds is pectic acid, methanol, and protons.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sumber","translated_text":"The Source","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pektinase dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis tanaman dan buah-buahan, seperti pisang dan tomat.","translated_text":"Pektinase can be found in a variety of plants and fruits, such as bananas and tomatoes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa jenis bakteri dan cendawan juga telah terbukti mampu memproduksi enzim ini.","translated_text":"Several types of bacteria and fungi have also been shown to be able to produce this enzyme.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Hasunuma T, Fukusaki EI, Kobayashi A. 2003. Methanol production is enhanced by expression of an ''Aspergillus niger'' pectin methylesterase in tobacco cells. ''J Biotechnol'' 106:45–52.</ref>","char_index":84,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karakteristik","translated_text":"Characteristics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Massa molekul pektinesterase yang diperoleh dari tanaman dan bakteri ini berkisar antara 30-50 kDa.","translated_text":"The molecular mass of pectinesterase obtained from these plants and bacteria ranges from 30-50 kDa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini dapat bekerja optimum pada pH 4,0 hingga 7,0 dan pada suhu antara 40-60 ⁰C dengan nilai Km 0,1 hingga 0,5 mg/mL.","translated_text":"This enzyme can work optimally at pH 4.0 to 7.0 and at temperatures between 40-60 0C with a value of Km 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Uji Aktivitas","translated_text":"Activity testing","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aktivitas pektinesterase dapat dianalisis pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan pH stat.","translated_text":"The activity of pectinesterase can be analyzed on a laboratory scale using a pH stat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Whitaker JR. 1984. Pectic substances, pectic enzymes and haze formation in fruit juices. ''Enzyme Microbial Technol'' 6:341–347.</ref>","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, metode titrasi juga dapat digunakan untuk hal ini, yaitu dengan meneteskan senyawa NaOH secara perlahan-lahan dan menganalisis perubahan derajat keasaman (pH) yang terjadi.","translated_text":"In addition, the titration method can also be used for this, namely by slowly drying down NaOH compounds and analyzing the changes in acidity (pH) levels that occur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Nakagawa T, Miyaji T, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y, Kato N, Tomizuka MA. 2000. Methylotrophic pathway participates in pectin utilization by ''Candida boidinii''. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 66:4253–57.</ref>","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kromatografi gas dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dapat turut diaplikasikan dalam menguji aktivitas pekinesterase berdasarkan pelepasan senyawa metanol sebagai hasil reaksi enzim ini.","translated_text":"Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) may be co-applied in testing pekinesterase activity based on the release of methanol compounds as a result of this enzyme reaction.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":200,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pektinesterase (PE) adalah enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu menghidrolisis senyawa pektin.","translated_text":"Pectinesterase (PE) is an enzyme of the pectinase group capable of hydrolysis of pectin compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinesterase (PE) adalah enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu menghidrolisis senyawa pektin. Enzim ini bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus metoksi dari dari residu 6-karboksil pada rantai utama senyawa galakturonan.","translated_text":"Pectinesterase (PE) is an enzyme of the pectinase group capable of hydrolysis of pectin compounds. This enzyme works specifically on the methoxy group of the 6-carboxylic residues on the main chain of galacturonan compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinesterase (PE) adalah enzim golongan pektinase yang mampu menghidrolisis senyawa pektin. Enzim ini bekerja secara spesifik pada gugus metoksi dari dari residu 6-karboksil pada rantai utama senyawa galakturonan. Hasil dari degradasi senyawa pektin ini adalah asam pektik, metanol, dan proton.","translated_text":"Pectinesterase (PE) is an enzyme of the pectinase group capable of hydrolysis of pectin compounds. This enzyme works specifically on the methoxy group of the 6-carboxylic residues on the main chain of galacturonan compounds. The result of the degradation of these pectin compounds is pectic acid, methanol, and protons.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":296,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis tanaman dan buah-buahan, seperti pisang dan tomat.","translated_text":"Pektinase can be found in a variety of plants and fruits, such as bananas and tomatoes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pektinase dapat ditemukan pada berbagai jenis tanaman dan buah-buahan, seperti pisang dan tomat. Beberapa jenis bakteri dan cendawan juga telah terbukti mampu memproduksi enzim ini.","translated_text":"Pektinase can be found in a variety of plants and fruits, such as bananas and tomatoes. Several types of bacteria and fungi have also been shown to be able to produce this enzyme.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Hasunuma T, Fukusaki EI, Kobayashi A. 2003. Methanol production is enhanced by expression of an ''Aspergillus niger'' pectin methylesterase in tobacco cells. ''J Biotechnol'' 106:45–52.</ref>","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Massa molekul pektinesterase yang diperoleh dari tanaman dan bakteri ini berkisar antara 30-50 kDa.","translated_text":"The molecular mass of pectinesterase obtained from these plants and bacteria ranges from 30-50 kDa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Massa molekul pektinesterase yang diperoleh dari tanaman dan bakteri ini berkisar antara 30-50 kDa. Enzim ini dapat bekerja optimum pada pH 4,0 hingga 7,0 dan pada suhu antara 40-60 ⁰C dengan nilai Km 0,1 hingga 0,5 mg/mL.","translated_text":"The molecular mass of pectinesterase obtained from these plants and bacteria ranges from 30-50 kDa. This enzyme can work optimally at pH 4.0 to 7.0 and at temperatures between 40-60 0C with a value of Km 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":222,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivitas pektinesterase dapat dianalisis pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan pH stat.","translated_text":"The activity of pectinesterase can be analyzed on a laboratory scale using a pH stat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Whitaker JR. 1984. Pectic substances, pectic enzymes and haze formation in fruit juices. ''Enzyme Microbial Technol'' 6:341–347.</ref>","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivitas pektinesterase dapat dianalisis pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan pH stat. Selain itu, metode titrasi juga dapat digunakan untuk hal ini, yaitu dengan meneteskan senyawa NaOH secara perlahan-lahan dan menganalisis perubahan derajat keasaman (pH) yang terjadi.","translated_text":"The activity of pectinesterase can be analyzed on a laboratory scale using a pH stat. In addition, the titration method can also be used for this, namely by slowly drying down NaOH compounds and analyzing the changes in acidity (pH) levels that occur.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Nakagawa T, Miyaji T, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y, Kato N, Tomizuka MA. 2000. Methylotrophic pathway participates in pectin utilization by ''Candida boidinii''. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 66:4253–57.</ref>","char_index":278,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivitas pektinesterase dapat dianalisis pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan pH stat. Selain itu, metode titrasi juga dapat digunakan untuk hal ini, yaitu dengan meneteskan senyawa NaOH secara perlahan-lahan dan menganalisis perubahan derajat keasaman (pH) yang terjadi. Kromatografi gas dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dapat turut diaplikasikan dalam menguji aktivitas pekinesterase berdasarkan pelepasan senyawa metanol sebagai hasil reaksi enzim ini.","translated_text":"The activity of pectinesterase can be analyzed on a laboratory scale using a pH stat. In addition, the titration method can also be used for this, namely by slowly drying down NaOH compounds and analyzing the changes in acidity (pH) levels that occur. Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) may be co-applied in testing pekinesterase activity based on the release of methanol compounds as a result of this enzyme reaction.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 111-112. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":479,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Peptidase","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Protease]]","hash":"7b1f4e73069dd27d1e80724601a69c13e729b08fb03e2d72ca7de051058f931f","last_revision":"2010-10-25T08:30:32Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T12:56:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.204782","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Protease\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Protease","translated_text":"Proteases","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Tycoon City New York","wikicode":"{{Infobox CVG|title=Tycoon City New York\n|image=\n|caption='''''Tycoon City New York''''' box art\n|developer=[[Deep Red Games]]\n|publisher=[[Atari]]\n|released=[[21 Febuari]], [[2006]] ([[Amerika Utara|NA]])\n[[24 Febuari]], [[2006]] ([[Phase Alternating Line|PAL]])\n|genre=[[Strategi]]/[[Simulasi]]\n|modes=[[Single Player]]\n|ratings=[[ESRB]]: Teen{{br}}[[PEGI]]: 3+\n|media=[[Compact Disc|CD-ROM]]\n}}\n'''Tycoon City New York''' adalah permainan (game) yang diproduksi pada tahun 2006 oleh [[Atari]] (pembuat yang sama dengan '''Roller Coaster Tycoon 2''' ''Time Twister'' dan '''Roller Coaster Tycoon 3'''). Game ini merupakan permainan tentang bisnis sebagai pengusaha di New York (hanya daerah [[Manhattan]]). Selain mendirikan bangunan, mendekorasi bangunan, dan bersaing dengan pesaing lainya, pemain juga bisa membantu berapa acara di New York, misalnya parade Halloween di Greenwich Village, parade Thankgiving di Midtown, dan Tahun Baru di Times Square (hanya pada tahun pertama).\n\n== Landmark yang Ada di Tycoon City New York ==\n\n* [[Patung Liberty]]\n* [[Times Square]]\n* [[Ground Zero]] (Memorial Park)\n* Lain-Lain\n\n== Daftar Daerah di Tycoon City New York ==\n\n* [[Midtown]]\n* [[Finiclal Dictrict]]\n* [[Greenwich Village]]\n* [[Soho]]\n* [[Tribeca]]\n* [[Chinatown]]\n* [[Litlle Italy]]\n* [[East Village]]\n* [[Uper West Side]]\n* [[Uper East Side]]\n* [[Harlem]]\n* [[Central Park]]\n* [[Pulau Patung Liberty]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://WWW.Tycooncitynewyork.com WWW.Tycooncitynewyork.com]\n\n[[Kategori:Permainan komputer]]","hash":"ad361326b9bf2ee26e93bce78ee356c926a241f0fdb4ff0810ddaaee76a6587c","last_revision":"2017-03-04T04:42:22Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:07:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.268133","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Tycoon City: New York","en":"Tycoon City: New York","es":"Tycoon City: New York","fi":"Tycoon City: New York","fr":"Tycoon City: New York","lld":"Tycoon City: New York","nl":"Tycoon City: New York","pt":"Tycoon City: New York","ru":"Tycoon City: New York","zh":"城市大亨：紐約"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Tycoon City New York adalah permainan (game) yang diproduksi pada tahun 2006 oleh Atari (pembuat yang sama dengan Roller Coaster Tycoon 2 Time Twister dan Roller Coaster Tycoon 3). Game ini merupakan permainan tentang bisnis sebagai pengusaha di New York (hanya daerah Manhattan). Selain mendirikan bangunan, mendekorasi bangunan, dan bersaing dengan pesaing lainya, pemain juga bisa membantu berapa acara di New York, misalnya parade Halloween di Greenwich Village, parade Thankgiving di Midtown, dan Tahun Baru di Times Square (hanya pada tahun pertama).\n\nPatung Liberty Times Square Ground Zero (Memorial Park) Lain-Lain\n\nMidtown Finiclal Dictrict Greenwich Village Soho Tribeca Chinatown Litlle Italy East Village Uper West Side Uper East Side Harlem Central Park Pulau Patung Liberty\n\nWWW.Tycooncitynewyork.com\n\nKategori:Permainan komputer\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox CVG|title=Tycoon City New York\n|image=\n|caption='''''Tycoon City New York''''' box art\n|developer=[[Deep Red Games]]\n|publisher=[[Atari]]\n|released=[[21 Febuari]], [[2006]] ([[Amerika Utara|NA]])\n[[24 Febuari]], [[2006]] ([[Phase Alternating Line|PAL]])\n|genre=[[Strategi]]/[[Simulasi]]\n|modes=[[Single Player]]\n|ratings=[[ESRB]]: Teen{{br}}[[PEGI]]: 3+\n|media=[[Compact Disc|CD-ROM]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tycoon City New York adalah permainan (game) yang diproduksi pada tahun 2006 oleh Atari (pembuat yang sama dengan Roller Coaster Tycoon 2 Time Twister dan Roller Coaster Tycoon 3).","translated_text":"Tycoon City New York is a game produced in 2006 by Atari (the same maker as Roller Coaster Tycoon 2 Time Twister and Roller Coaster Tycoon 3).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Game ini merupakan permainan tentang bisnis sebagai pengusaha di New York (hanya daerah Manhattan).","translated_text":"This game is a game about business as an entrepreneur in New York (only the Manhattan area).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain mendirikan bangunan, mendekorasi bangunan, dan bersaing dengan pesaing lainya, pemain juga bisa membantu berapa acara di New York, misalnya parade Halloween di Greenwich Village, parade Thankgiving di Midtown, dan Tahun Baru di Times Square (hanya pada tahun pertama).","translated_text":"In addition to erecting buildings, decorating buildings, and competing with other competitors, players can also help with many events in New York, such as the Halloween parade in Greenwich Village, the Thanksgiving parade in Midtown, and the New Year parade in Times Square (only in the first year).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Landmark yang Ada di Tycoon City New York","translated_text":"A Landmark in the Tycoon City of New York","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Patung Liberty Times Square Ground Zero (Memorial Park) Lain-Lain","translated_text":"Statue of Liberty Times Square Ground Zero","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar Daerah di Tycoon City New York","translated_text":"List of neighborhoods in Tycoon City New York","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Midtown Finiclal Dictrict Greenwich Village Soho Tribeca Chinatown Litlle Italy East Village Uper West Side Uper East Side Harlem Central Park Pulau Patung Liberty","translated_text":"Midtown Finiclal Dictrict Greenwich Village Soho Tribeca Chinatown Little Italy East Village Upper West Side Upper East Side Harlem Central Park Island Statue of Liberty","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"WWW.Tycooncitynewyork.com","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you what to do.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Permainan komputer","translated_text":"Computer games:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pfu DNA polimerase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:A-DNA orbit animated small.gif|jmpl|200px|[[DNA]], materi genetik yang terdapat di dalam seluruh makhluk hidup.]]\n'''Pfu DNA polimerase''' merupakan salah satu jenis [[enzim]] yang digunakan dalam reaksi [[PCR]] (''polymerase chain reaction'').<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> PCR ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian dibidang molekuler untuk memperbanyak sekuen [[DNA]].<ref name=book1/> Enzim Pfu DNA polimerase mampu memperpanjang rantai DNA dalam suatu siklus. Sumber utama enzim ini adalah ''Pyrococcus furiosus''.<ref name=book2/> Keunggulan utamanya dibandingkan dengan enzim [[DNA polimerase]] lainnya ialah [[waktu paruh]]nya yang sangat lama dan adanya mekanisme perbaikan rantai DNA yang salah (''proofreading'').<ref name=book1/> Selain itu, enzim ini bersifat termostabil atau bersifat tahan suhu tinggi.<ref name=book2/>\n\nMekanisme ''proofreading''-nya adalah 3'-5' eksonuklease.<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref> Melalui mekanisme ''proofreading'', suatu kesalahan penambahan [[basa]] DNA saat amplifikasi dapat diperbaiki. Aktivitas ''proofreading'' ini memiliki keakuratan yang sangat tinggi sehingga enzim ini sering kali digunakan dalam reaksi pemanjangan [[primer]], [[kloning]], dan amplifikasi rantai DNA ujung tumpul (''blunt end'').<ref>Angers M, Cloutier JF, Castonguay A, Drouin R. 2001. Optimal conditions to use Pfu exo(-) DNA polymerase for highly efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction protocols. ''Nucleic Acids Res'' 29.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Polimerase Pfu DNA]]","hash":"32f6d22488c35c2dc4826128016893a2e2ed4be8fe6eefa8d54bcf925a2f3dce","last_revision":"2022-12-16T04:17:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:09:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.329649","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Pfu-Polymerase","en":"Pfu DNA polymerase","es":"Polimerasa Pfu","fr":"ADN polymérase Pfu","gl":"ADN polimerase Pfu","pt":"ADN polimerase Pfu"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Pfu DNA polimerase merupakan salah satu jenis enzim yang digunakan dalam reaksi PCR (polymerase chain reaction). PCR ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian dibidang molekuler untuk memperbanyak sekuen DNA. Enzim Pfu DNA polimerase mampu memperpanjang rantai DNA dalam suatu siklus. Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Pyrococcus furiosus. Keunggulan utamanya dibandingkan dengan enzim DNA polimerase lainnya ialah waktu paruhnya yang sangat lama dan adanya mekanisme perbaikan rantai DNA yang salah (proofreading). Selain itu, enzim ini bersifat termostabil atau bersifat tahan suhu tinggi.\n\nMekanisme proofreading-nya adalah 3'-5' eksonuklease. Melalui mekanisme proofreading, suatu kesalahan penambahan basa DNA saat amplifikasi dapat diperbaiki. Aktivitas proofreading ini memiliki keakuratan yang sangat tinggi sehingga enzim ini sering kali digunakan dalam reaksi pemanjangan primer, kloning, dan amplifikasi rantai DNA ujung tumpul (blunt end).\n\nPolimerase Pfu DNA\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pfu DNA polimerase merupakan salah satu jenis enzim yang digunakan dalam reaksi PCR (polymerase chain reaction).","translated_text":"Pfu DNA polymerase is one type of enzyme used in the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) reaction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"PCR ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian dibidang molekuler untuk memperbanyak sekuen DNA.","translated_text":"PCR is widely used in a variety of molecular studies to multiply DNA sequences.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim Pfu DNA polimerase mampu memperpanjang rantai DNA dalam suatu siklus.","translated_text":"The enzyme Pfu DNA polymerase is able to extend the DNA chain in a single cycle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Pyrococcus furiosus.","translated_text":"The primary source of this enzyme is Pyrococcus furiosus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref>","char_index":50,"name":"book2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keunggulan utamanya dibandingkan dengan enzim DNA polimerase lainnya ialah waktu paruhnya yang sangat lama dan adanya mekanisme perbaikan rantai DNA yang salah (proofreading).","translated_text":"Its main advantages over other DNA polymerase enzymes are its very long half-life and the existence of a false DNA chain repair mechanism (proofreading).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":175,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, enzim ini bersifat termostabil atau bersifat tahan suhu tinggi.","translated_text":"In addition, the enzyme is thermostable or resistant to high temperatures.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref>","char_index":75,"name":"book2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mekanisme proofreading-nya adalah 3'-5' eksonuklease.","translated_text":"Its proofreading mechanism is 3'-5' exonuclease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref>","char_index":53,"name":"book2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Melalui mekanisme proofreading, suatu kesalahan penambahan basa DNA saat amplifikasi dapat diperbaiki.","translated_text":"Through the proofreading mechanism, an error in the addition of DNA base during amplification can be corrected.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aktivitas proofreading ini memiliki keakuratan yang sangat tinggi sehingga enzim ini sering kali digunakan dalam reaksi pemanjangan primer, kloning, dan amplifikasi rantai DNA ujung tumpul (blunt end).","translated_text":"This proofreading activity has such high accuracy that the enzyme is often used in primary lengthening reactions, cloning, and blunt-end DNA chain amplification.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Angers M, Cloutier JF, Castonguay A, Drouin R. 2001. Optimal conditions to use Pfu exo(-) DNA polymerase for highly efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction protocols. ''Nucleic Acids Res'' 29.</ref>","char_index":201,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Polimerase Pfu DNA","translated_text":"Polymerase of Pfu DNA","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pfu DNA polimerase merupakan salah satu jenis enzim yang digunakan dalam reaksi PCR (polymerase chain reaction).","translated_text":"Pfu DNA polymerase is one type of enzyme used in the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) reaction.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pfu DNA polimerase merupakan salah satu jenis enzim yang digunakan dalam reaksi PCR (polymerase chain reaction). PCR ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian dibidang molekuler untuk memperbanyak sekuen DNA.","translated_text":"Pfu DNA polymerase is one type of enzyme used in the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) reaction. PCR is widely used in a variety of molecular studies to multiply DNA sequences.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"PCR ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penelitian dibidang molekuler untuk memperbanyak sekuen DNA. Enzim Pfu DNA polimerase mampu memperpanjang rantai DNA dalam suatu siklus. Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Pyrococcus furiosus.","translated_text":"PCR is widely used in a variety of molecular studies to multiply DNA sequences. The enzyme Pfu DNA polymerase is able to extend the DNA chain in a single cycle. The primary source of this enzyme is Pyrococcus furiosus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref>","char_index":227,"name":"book2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim Pfu DNA polimerase mampu memperpanjang rantai DNA dalam suatu siklus. Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Pyrococcus furiosus. Keunggulan utamanya dibandingkan dengan enzim DNA polimerase lainnya ialah waktu paruhnya yang sangat lama dan adanya mekanisme perbaikan rantai DNA yang salah (proofreading).","translated_text":"The enzyme Pfu DNA polymerase is able to extend the DNA chain in a single cycle. The primary source of this enzyme is Pyrococcus furiosus. Its main advantages over other DNA polymerase enzymes are its very long half-life and the existence of a false DNA chain repair mechanism (proofreading).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 388. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":302,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sumber utama enzim ini adalah Pyrococcus furiosus. Keunggulan utamanya dibandingkan dengan enzim DNA polimerase lainnya ialah waktu paruhnya yang sangat lama dan adanya mekanisme perbaikan rantai DNA yang salah (proofreading). Selain itu, enzim ini bersifat termostabil atau bersifat tahan suhu tinggi.","translated_text":"The primary source of this enzyme is Pyrococcus furiosus. Its main advantages over other DNA polymerase enzymes are its very long half-life and the existence of a false DNA chain repair mechanism (proofreading). In addition, the enzyme is thermostable or resistant to high temperatures.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref>","char_index":302,"name":"book2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mekanisme proofreading-nya adalah 3'-5' eksonuklease.","translated_text":"Its proofreading mechanism is 3'-5' exonuclease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book2>Brown TA. 1998. ''Biology Lab Fax''.London: Academic Press. Halaman 171.</ref>","char_index":53,"name":"book2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mekanisme proofreading-nya adalah 3'-5' eksonuklease. Melalui mekanisme proofreading, suatu kesalahan penambahan basa DNA saat amplifikasi dapat diperbaiki. Aktivitas proofreading ini memiliki keakuratan yang sangat tinggi sehingga enzim ini sering kali digunakan dalam reaksi pemanjangan primer, kloning, dan amplifikasi rantai DNA ujung tumpul (blunt end).","translated_text":"Its proofreading mechanism is 3'-5' exonuclease. Through the proofreading mechanism, an error in the addition of DNA base during amplification can be corrected. This proofreading activity has such high accuracy that the enzyme is often used in primary lengthening reactions, cloning, and blunt-end DNA chain amplification.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Angers M, Cloutier JF, Castonguay A, Drouin R. 2001. Optimal conditions to use Pfu exo(-) DNA polymerase for highly efficient ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction protocols. ''Nucleic Acids Res'' 29.</ref>","char_index":358,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Henry Gantt","wikicode":"{{Infobox_Scientist\n|name                    = Henry Laurence Gantt\n|image                   = Henry Gantt.jpg\n|image_width             = \n|caption                 = \n|birth_date              = 1861\n|birth_place             = \n|death_date              = November 23, 1919\n|death_place             = \n|residence               = \n|citizenship             = [[United States]]\n|nationality             = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n|ethnicity               = Putih\n|field                   = [[Manajemen Ilmiah]]\n|work_institution        = \n|alma_mater              = \n|doctoral_advisor         = \n|doctoral_students       = \n|known_for               = [[Grafik Gantt]]\n|author_abbreviation_bot = \n|author_abbreviation_zoo = \n|prizes                  = \n|religion                = \n|footnotes               = \n}}\n[[Berkas:GanttChartAnatomy.png|jmpl|350px|Salah satu contoh ''Gantt Chart''.]]\n'''Henry Laurence Gantt''' ([[1861]]-23 November [[1919]] di [[Calvert Country]], Amerika) adalah seorang [[konsultan]] [[manajemen]] berlatarbelakang [[insinyur]] mekanik yang menciptakan peta Gantt (''Gantt Chart'') terkenal.<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>\n\n== Biografi ==\nHenry Laurence Gantt lahir di Calvert County, [[Maryland]], Amerika Serikat.<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\"/> Gantt lulus dari Sekolah ''McDonogh'' tahun [[1878]] dan bekerja pada ''Johns Hopkins College'' sebagai [[guru]] [[teknik mesin]] dan juru gambar.<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\"/> Pada tahun [[1887]], ia bergabung dengan [[Frederick Winslow Taylor]] dalam memanfaatkan teori manajemen ilmiah di ''Midvale Steel'' dan ''Bethlehem Steel'' sampai tahun [[1893]].<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\"/>\n\n== Gantt Chart ==\n''Gantt Chart'' merupakan gambaran dari macam-macam bagan yang mempunyai fungsi untuk:<ref name=\"www.blurtit.com\">{{en}} [http://www.blurtit.com/q463736.html What Work Henry Gantt Did For Scientific Management?], ''www.blurtit.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>\n# Menentukan durasi pekerjaan terhadap perkembangan waktu.\n# Perencanaan dan penjadwalan proyek pekerjaan.\n# Pemantauan kemajuan proyek pekerjaan.\n{{clear}}\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{commons |Gantt Chart}}\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1861|1919|}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik]]\n\n\n{{Bio-stub}}","hash":"da16f90d6f7b75b6820549c817274b05b0c04d3c5c636b898f8d77ce79b91ca0","last_revision":"2022-11-29T22:22:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:09:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.385734","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Henry Gantt","ar":"هنري جانت","azb":"هنری قانت","ckb":"ھێنری گانت","cs":"Henry Gantt","de":"Henry Laurence Gantt","el":"Χένρι Γκαντ","en":"Henry Gantt","es":"Henry Gantt","eu":"Henry Gantt","fa":"هنری گانت","fr":"Henry Laurence Gantt","hy":"Հենրի Գանթ","it":"Henry Gantt","ja":"ヘンリー・ガント","jv":"Henry Gantt","mg":"Henry Laurence Gantt","nl":"Henry Laurence Gantt","oc":"Henry Laurence Gantt","pl":"Henry Gantt","pt":"Henry Gantt","ru":"Гант, Генри Лоренс","sk":"Henry Gantt","sr":"Хенри Гант","ta":"கென்றி கான்ற்","tr":"Henry Gantt","uk":"Генрі Ґант","vi":"Henry Laurence Gantt","zh":"亨利·甘特"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-23 November 1919 di Calvert Country, Amerika) adalah seorang konsultan manajemen berlatarbelakang insinyur mekanik yang menciptakan peta Gantt (Gantt Chart) terkenal.\n\nHenry Laurence Gantt lahir di Calvert County, Maryland, Amerika Serikat. Gantt lulus dari Sekolah McDonogh tahun 1878 dan bekerja pada Johns Hopkins College sebagai guru teknik mesin dan juru gambar. Pada tahun 1887, ia bergabung dengan Frederick Winslow Taylor dalam memanfaatkan teori manajemen ilmiah di Midvale Steel dan Bethlehem Steel sampai tahun 1893.\n\nGantt Chart merupakan gambaran dari macam-macam bagan yang mempunyai fungsi untuk: Menentukan durasi pekerjaan terhadap perkembangan waktu. Perencanaan dan penjadwalan proyek pekerjaan. Pemantauan kemajuan proyek pekerjaan.\n\nKategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-23 November 1919 di Calvert Country, Amerika) adalah seorang konsultan manajemen berlatarbelakang insinyur mekanik yang menciptakan peta Gantt (Gantt Chart) terkenal.","translated_text":"Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-23 November 1919 in Calvert Country, USA) was a management consultant based on mechanical engineers who created the famous Gantt Chart.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":193,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biografi","translated_text":"His biography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Henry Laurence Gantt lahir di Calvert County, Maryland, Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Henry Laurence Gantt was born in Calvert County, Maryland, United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gantt lulus dari Sekolah McDonogh tahun 1878 dan bekerja pada Johns Hopkins College sebagai guru teknik mesin dan juru gambar.","translated_text":"Gantt graduated from McDonogh School in 1878 and worked at Johns Hopkins College as a mechanical engineering teacher and draftsman.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":126,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1887, ia bergabung dengan Frederick Winslow Taylor dalam memanfaatkan teori manajemen ilmiah di Midvale Steel dan Bethlehem Steel sampai tahun 1893.","translated_text":"In 1887, he joined Frederick Winslow Taylor in utilizing scientific management theory at Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel until 1893.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gantt Chart","translated_text":"Gantt chart","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gantt Chart merupakan gambaran dari macam-macam bagan yang mempunyai fungsi untuk: Menentukan durasi pekerjaan terhadap perkembangan waktu.","translated_text":"A Gantt Chart is an overview of a variety of charts that have the function of: Determining the duration of work with respect to time progression.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.blurtit.com\">{{en}} [http://www.blurtit.com/q463736.html What Work Henry Gantt Did For Scientific Management?], ''www.blurtit.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":82,"name":"www.blurtit.com","url":"http://www.blurtit.com/q463736.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":57175,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.609587-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74365234375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perencanaan dan penjadwalan proyek pekerjaan.","translated_text":"Planning and scheduling work projects.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemantauan kemajuan proyek pekerjaan.","translated_text":"Monitoring the progress of the work project.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik","translated_text":"Category:Things that need to be categorized more specifically","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-23 November 1919 di Calvert Country, Amerika) adalah seorang konsultan manajemen berlatarbelakang insinyur mekanik yang menciptakan peta Gantt (Gantt Chart) terkenal.","translated_text":"Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-23 November 1919 in Calvert Country, USA) was a management consultant based on mechanical engineers who created the famous Gantt Chart.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":193,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Henry Laurence Gantt lahir di Calvert County, Maryland, Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Henry Laurence Gantt was born in Calvert County, Maryland, United States.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Henry Laurence Gantt lahir di Calvert County, Maryland, Amerika Serikat. Gantt lulus dari Sekolah McDonogh tahun 1878 dan bekerja pada Johns Hopkins College sebagai guru teknik mesin dan juru gambar.","translated_text":"Henry Laurence Gantt was born in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. Gantt graduated from McDonogh School in 1878 and worked at Johns Hopkins College as a mechanical engineering teacher and draftsman.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":199,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Henry Laurence Gantt lahir di Calvert County, Maryland, Amerika Serikat. Gantt lulus dari Sekolah McDonogh tahun 1878 dan bekerja pada Johns Hopkins College sebagai guru teknik mesin dan juru gambar. Pada tahun 1887, ia bergabung dengan Frederick Winslow Taylor dalam memanfaatkan teori manajemen ilmiah di Midvale Steel dan Bethlehem Steel sampai tahun 1893.","translated_text":"Henry Laurence Gantt was born in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. Gantt graduated from McDonogh School in 1878 and worked at Johns Hopkins College as a mechanical engineering teacher and draftsman. In 1887, he joined Frederick Winslow Taylor in utilizing scientific management theory at Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel until 1893.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.gantt-chart.biz\">{{en}} [http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/ History-Biographi Henry Gantt], ''www.gantt-chart.biz''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":359,"name":"www.gantt-chart.biz","url":"http://www.gantt-chart.biz/henry-laurence-gantt/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1120,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.377669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gantt Chart merupakan gambaran dari macam-macam bagan yang mempunyai fungsi untuk: Menentukan durasi pekerjaan terhadap perkembangan waktu.","translated_text":"A Gantt Chart is an overview of a variety of charts that have the function of: Determining the duration of work with respect to time progression.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.blurtit.com\">{{en}} [http://www.blurtit.com/q463736.html What Work Henry Gantt Did For Scientific Management?], ''www.blurtit.com''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":82,"name":"www.blurtit.com","url":"http://www.blurtit.com/q463736.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":57175,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:17.609587-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74365234375}]}]}
+{"title":"Protease aspartat","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Several cheeses with a slicer, bread and milk.JPG|jmpl|200px|[[Keju]], produk susu yang diolah dengan bantuan enzim protease aspartat.]]\n'''Protease aspartat''' ({{lang-en|aspartate protease, aspartic proteinase}}) (EC 3.4.23) merupakan salah satu [[enzim]] peptidase yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan [[keju]].<ref name=\"hasilan otomatis1\">Fox PF, McSweeney PLH. 1999. Rennets: their role in milk coagulation and cheese ripening. Dalam: ''Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk''. London: Blackie Academic and Proffesional. Halaman 1–9.</ref> Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada [[jaringan]] [[hewan]], [[tanaman]], [[cendawan]], dan [[virus]].<ref>Davies DR. 1990. The structure and function of the aspartic proteinases. ''Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem''. 19, 189–215.</ref> Penggunaan enzim untuk membantu proses pematangan keju ini telah ada sejak [[6000 SM]].<ref name=\"hasilan otomatis1\" /> Enzim ini bekerja melalui 2 mekanisme utama, yaitu menghidrolisis ikatan pada bovin-kapa-[[kasein]] membentuk 2 molekul [[para-kapa-kasein]] dan mengkoagulasi [[misel]] kasein.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\nDi dalam tubuh, protease aspartat akan membantu pencernaan berbagai [[nutrisi]] yang ada pada [[makanan]], mempertahankan tubuh dari serangan [[bakteri]] [[patogen]], virulensi [[khamir]], pematangan [[protein]] [[HIV]] (''retropepsin'').<ref name=book1/> Tubuh tidak memproduksi enzim ini dalam keadaan aktif, tetapi berupa preproenzim yang tidak aktif.<ref name=book1/> Aktivasi enzim ini terjadi oleh pemotongan sinyal [[peptida]].<ref name=book1/> Protease aspartat yang aktif hanya akan terdiri dari satu rantai peptida [[asam amino]] berjumlah 320 hingga 360 residu dengan [[massa]] [[molekul]] total 32-36 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]].<ref name=book1/> Di samping itu, protease aspartat juga membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang [[asam]].<ref>Chitpinitoyl S, Crabbe MJC. 1998. Chymosin and aspartic proteinases. ''Food Chem'' 61:395–418.</ref> Akan tetapi, aktivitas enzim ini akan segera terhambat dengan adanya [[inhibitor]] berupa senyawa [[pepstatin]].<ref name=ref1/> Molekul inhibitor ini merupakan suatu pentapeptida yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dari genus ''[[Streptomyces]]''.<ref name=ref1>Marciniszyn J Jr., Hartsuck JA, Tang J. 1976.Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin. ''J Biol Chem'' 251:7088–94.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n{{biokimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]\n[[Kategori:Protein membran perifer]]","hash":"3cfc5042264917988616979a6a1fc536c9e9e543e0723b653a527e6e0eaee0c4","last_revision":"2024-03-18T02:25:06Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:25:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.442779","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بروتياز الأسبارتيك","bs":"Aspartil proteaza","de":"Aspartatproteasen","en":"Aspartic protease","fa":"آسپارتیک پروتئاز","fr":"Protéase aspartique","ja":"アスパラギン酸プロテアーゼ","pl":"Proteazy aspartylowe","pt":"Protease aspártica","sr":"Aspartilna proteaza","sv":"Aspartylproteas","zh":"天冬氨酸蛋白酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Protease aspartat () (EC 3.4.23) merupakan salah satu enzim peptidase yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan keju. Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan hewan, tanaman, cendawan, dan virus. Penggunaan enzim untuk membantu proses pematangan keju ini telah ada sejak 6000 SM. Enzim ini bekerja melalui 2 mekanisme utama, yaitu menghidrolisis ikatan pada bovin-kapa-kasein membentuk 2 molekul para-kapa-kasein dan mengkoagulasi misel kasein.\n\nDi dalam tubuh, protease aspartat akan membantu pencernaan berbagai nutrisi yang ada pada makanan, mempertahankan tubuh dari serangan bakteri patogen, virulensi khamir, pematangan protein HIV (retropepsin). Tubuh tidak memproduksi enzim ini dalam keadaan aktif, tetapi berupa preproenzim yang tidak aktif. Aktivasi enzim ini terjadi oleh pemotongan sinyal peptida. Protease aspartat yang aktif hanya akan terdiri dari satu rantai peptida asam amino berjumlah 320 hingga 360 residu dengan massa molekul total 32-36 kDa. Di samping itu, protease aspartat juga membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang asam. Akan tetapi, aktivitas enzim ini akan segera terhambat dengan adanya inhibitor berupa senyawa pepstatin. Molekul inhibitor ini merupakan suatu pentapeptida yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dari genus Streptomyces.\n\nKategori:Enzim Kategori:Protein membran perifer\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protease aspartat () (EC 3.4.23) merupakan salah satu enzim peptidase yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan keju.","translated_text":"Protease aspartate (EC 3.4.23) is one of the most widely used peptidase enzymes in cheese making.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"hasilan otomatis1\">Fox PF, McSweeney PLH. 1999. Rennets: their role in milk coagulation and cheese ripening. Dalam: ''Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk''. London: Blackie Academic and Proffesional. Halaman 1–9.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"hasilan otomatis1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan hewan, tanaman, cendawan, dan virus.","translated_text":"This enzyme is found abundantly in animal, plant, fungal, and viral tissues.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Davies DR. 1990. The structure and function of the aspartic proteinases. ''Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem''. 19, 189–215.</ref>","char_index":77,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggunaan enzim untuk membantu proses pematangan keju ini telah ada sejak 6000 SM.","translated_text":"The use of enzymes to aid in the process of cheese ripening has been around since 6000 BC.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"hasilan otomatis1\">Fox PF, McSweeney PLH. 1999. Rennets: their role in milk coagulation and cheese ripening. Dalam: ''Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk''. London: Blackie Academic and Proffesional. Halaman 1–9.</ref>","char_index":83,"name":"hasilan otomatis1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini bekerja melalui 2 mekanisme utama, yaitu menghidrolisis ikatan pada bovin-kapa-kasein membentuk 2 molekul para-kapa-kasein dan mengkoagulasi misel kasein.","translated_text":"This enzyme works through two main mechanisms, namely the hydrolysis of bonds in bovin-kapa-caseins to form two para-kapa-casein molecules and the coagulation of casein mice.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":164,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di dalam tubuh, protease aspartat akan membantu pencernaan berbagai nutrisi yang ada pada makanan, mempertahankan tubuh dari serangan bakteri patogen, virulensi khamir, pematangan protein HIV (retropepsin).","translated_text":"In the body, aspartate protease helps digest the various nutrients found in food, protects the body from pathogenic bacterial attacks, khamir virulence, HIV protein maturation (retropepsin).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tubuh tidak memproduksi enzim ini dalam keadaan aktif, tetapi berupa preproenzim yang tidak aktif.","translated_text":"The body does not produce this enzyme in an active state, but in an inactive form.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aktivasi enzim ini terjadi oleh pemotongan sinyal peptida.","translated_text":"Activation of this enzyme occurs by cutting off the peptide signal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":58,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Protease aspartat yang aktif hanya akan terdiri dari satu rantai peptida asam amino berjumlah 320 hingga 360 residu dengan massa molekul total 32-36 kDa.","translated_text":"The active aspartate protease will consist of only one amino acid peptide chain of 320 to 360 residues with a total molecular mass of 32-36 kDa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":153,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu, protease aspartat juga membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang asam.","translated_text":"In addition, aspartate proteases also require acidic environmental conditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Chitpinitoyl S, Crabbe MJC. 1998. Chymosin and aspartic proteinases. ''Food Chem'' 61:395–418.</ref>","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, aktivitas enzim ini akan segera terhambat dengan adanya inhibitor berupa senyawa pepstatin.","translated_text":"However, the activity of this enzyme will soon be inhibited by the presence of a peptide inhibitor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Marciniszyn J Jr., Hartsuck JA, Tang J. 1976.Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin. ''J Biol Chem'' 251:7088–94.</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Molekul inhibitor ini merupakan suatu pentapeptida yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dari genus Streptomyces.","translated_text":"This inhibitor molecule is a pentapeptide produced by microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Marciniszyn J Jr., Hartsuck JA, Tang J. 1976.Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin. ''J Biol Chem'' 251:7088–94.</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim Kategori:Protein membran perifer","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes Category:Protein of the peripheral membrane","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Protease aspartat () (EC 3.4.23) merupakan salah satu enzim peptidase yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan keju.","translated_text":"Protease aspartate (EC 3.4.23) is one of the most widely used peptidase enzymes in cheese making.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"hasilan otomatis1\">Fox PF, McSweeney PLH. 1999. Rennets: their role in milk coagulation and cheese ripening. Dalam: ''Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk''. London: Blackie Academic and Proffesional. Halaman 1–9.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"hasilan otomatis1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Protease aspartat () (EC 3.4.23) merupakan salah satu enzim peptidase yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan keju. Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan hewan, tanaman, cendawan, dan virus.","translated_text":"Protease aspartate (EC 3.4.23) is one of the most widely used peptidase enzymes in cheese making. This enzyme is found abundantly in animal, plant, fungal, and viral tissues.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Davies DR. 1990. The structure and function of the aspartic proteinases. ''Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem''. 19, 189–215.</ref>","char_index":191,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Protease aspartat () (EC 3.4.23) merupakan salah satu enzim peptidase yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan keju. Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan hewan, tanaman, cendawan, dan virus. Penggunaan enzim untuk membantu proses pematangan keju ini telah ada sejak 6000 SM.","translated_text":"Protease aspartate (EC 3.4.23) is one of the most widely used peptidase enzymes in cheese making. This enzyme is found abundantly in animal, plant, fungal, and viral tissues. The use of enzymes to aid in the process of cheese ripening has been around since 6000 BC.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"hasilan otomatis1\">Fox PF, McSweeney PLH. 1999. Rennets: their role in milk coagulation and cheese ripening. Dalam: ''Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk''. London: Blackie Academic and Proffesional. Halaman 1–9.</ref>","char_index":275,"name":"hasilan otomatis1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan hewan, tanaman, cendawan, dan virus. Penggunaan enzim untuk membantu proses pematangan keju ini telah ada sejak 6000 SM. Enzim ini bekerja melalui 2 mekanisme utama, yaitu menghidrolisis ikatan pada bovin-kapa-kasein membentuk 2 molekul para-kapa-kasein dan mengkoagulasi misel kasein.","translated_text":"This enzyme is found abundantly in animal, plant, fungal, and viral tissues. The use of enzymes to aid in the process of cheese ripening has been around since 6000 BC. This enzyme works through two main mechanisms, namely the hydrolysis of bonds in bovin-kapa-caseins to form two para-kapa-casein molecules and the coagulation of casein mice.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":326,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh, protease aspartat akan membantu pencernaan berbagai nutrisi yang ada pada makanan, mempertahankan tubuh dari serangan bakteri patogen, virulensi khamir, pematangan protein HIV (retropepsin).","translated_text":"In the body, aspartate protease helps digest the various nutrients found in food, protects the body from pathogenic bacterial attacks, khamir virulence, HIV protein maturation (retropepsin).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":206,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh, protease aspartat akan membantu pencernaan berbagai nutrisi yang ada pada makanan, mempertahankan tubuh dari serangan bakteri patogen, virulensi khamir, pematangan protein HIV (retropepsin). Tubuh tidak memproduksi enzim ini dalam keadaan aktif, tetapi berupa preproenzim yang tidak aktif.","translated_text":"In the body, aspartate protease helps digest the various nutrients found in food, protects the body from pathogenic bacterial attacks, khamir virulence, HIV protein maturation (retropepsin). The body does not produce this enzyme in an active state, but in an inactive form.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":305,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh, protease aspartat akan membantu pencernaan berbagai nutrisi yang ada pada makanan, mempertahankan tubuh dari serangan bakteri patogen, virulensi khamir, pematangan protein HIV (retropepsin). Tubuh tidak memproduksi enzim ini dalam keadaan aktif, tetapi berupa preproenzim yang tidak aktif. Aktivasi enzim ini terjadi oleh pemotongan sinyal peptida.","translated_text":"In the body, aspartate protease helps digest the various nutrients found in food, protects the body from pathogenic bacterial attacks, khamir virulence, HIV protein maturation (retropepsin). The body does not produce this enzyme in an active state, but in an inactive form. Activation of this enzyme occurs by cutting off the peptide signal.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":364,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tubuh tidak memproduksi enzim ini dalam keadaan aktif, tetapi berupa preproenzim yang tidak aktif. Aktivasi enzim ini terjadi oleh pemotongan sinyal peptida. Protease aspartat yang aktif hanya akan terdiri dari satu rantai peptida asam amino berjumlah 320 hingga 360 residu dengan massa molekul total 32-36 kDa.","translated_text":"The body does not produce this enzyme in an active state, but in an inactive form. Activation of this enzyme occurs by cutting off the peptide signal. The active aspartate protease will consist of only one amino acid peptide chain of 320 to 360 residues with a total molecular mass of 32-36 kDa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 207-213. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":311,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivasi enzim ini terjadi oleh pemotongan sinyal peptida. Protease aspartat yang aktif hanya akan terdiri dari satu rantai peptida asam amino berjumlah 320 hingga 360 residu dengan massa molekul total 32-36 kDa. Di samping itu, protease aspartat juga membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang asam.","translated_text":"Activation of this enzyme occurs by cutting off the peptide signal. The active aspartate protease will consist of only one amino acid peptide chain of 320 to 360 residues with a total molecular mass of 32-36 kDa. In addition, aspartate proteases also require acidic environmental conditions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Chitpinitoyl S, Crabbe MJC. 1998. Chymosin and aspartic proteinases. ''Food Chem'' 61:395–418.</ref>","char_index":293,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Protease aspartat yang aktif hanya akan terdiri dari satu rantai peptida asam amino berjumlah 320 hingga 360 residu dengan massa molekul total 32-36 kDa. Di samping itu, protease aspartat juga membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang asam. Akan tetapi, aktivitas enzim ini akan segera terhambat dengan adanya inhibitor berupa senyawa pepstatin.","translated_text":"The active aspartate protease will consist of only one amino acid peptide chain of 320 to 360 residues with a total molecular mass of 32-36 kDa. In addition, aspartate proteases also require acidic environmental conditions. However, the activity of this enzyme will soon be inhibited by the presence of a peptide inhibitor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Marciniszyn J Jr., Hartsuck JA, Tang J. 1976.Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin. ''J Biol Chem'' 251:7088–94.</ref>","char_index":339,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di samping itu, protease aspartat juga membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang asam. Akan tetapi, aktivitas enzim ini akan segera terhambat dengan adanya inhibitor berupa senyawa pepstatin. Molekul inhibitor ini merupakan suatu pentapeptida yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dari genus Streptomyces.","translated_text":"In addition, aspartate proteases also require acidic environmental conditions. However, the activity of this enzyme will soon be inhibited by the presence of a peptide inhibitor. This inhibitor molecule is a pentapeptide produced by microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=ref1>Marciniszyn J Jr., Hartsuck JA, Tang J. 1976.Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin. ''J Biol Chem'' 251:7088–94.</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"ref1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Sisteina protease","wikicode":"[[Berkas:PDB 2cy7 EBI.png|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D enzim protease sistein.]]\n'''Protease sistein''' (EC. 3.4.22) merupakan [[enzim]] dengan [[massa molekul]] 21 hingga 30 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]] yang dapat mengkatalis reaksi [[hidrolisis]] ikatan-ikatan [[peptida]], amida, [[ester]], tiol ester, dan tiono ester.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada semua [[makhluk hidup]] karena berperan sangat penting dalam berbagai jenis [[metabolisme]] di dalam tubuh.<ref name=book1/> Secara umum, enzim ini dibagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu [[eksopeptidase]] dan [[endopeptidase]].<ref name=book1/> Eksopeptidase bekerja dengan cara memotong bagian ujung amino atau karboksil dari suatu ikatan peptida, sedangkan endopeptidase akan memotong pada bagian tengah suatu rantai [[polipeptida]].<ref name=book1/>\n\nBeberapa contoh enzim yang termasuk dalam golongan enzim protease sistein adalah [[papain]] yang berasal dari buah [[pepaya]], [[bromelain]] yang berasal dari buah [[nanas]], [[ficain]], dan [[cathepsin]].<ref>Barret AJ. 1994. Classification of peptidasaes. ''Method Enzymol'' 244:1-15.</ref> Beberapa enzim diantaranya dapat digunakan pada bidang [[farmasi]].<ref>Leung-Toung R, Li W, Tam TF, Karimian K. 2002. Thioldependent enzymes and their inhibitors: a review. ''Curr Med Chem'' 9:979–1002.</ref> Chatepsin merupakan salah satu enzim yang telah digunakan sebagai obat, terutama untuk membantu pemulihan kondisi tubuh penderita [[osteoporosis]], [[arterosklerosis]], [[kanker]], dan peradangan.<ref>Bordusa F. 2002. Proteases in organic synthesis. ''Chem Rev'' 102:4817-67.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Protease sistein]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"fad4e30ef1cfd27f324e086cad7f949ee5a8104b7c60765fac815e6859e58134","last_revision":"2022-12-26T20:07:36Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:36:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.522165","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"سيستين بروتياز","bs":"Cistein peptidaza","de":"Cysteinproteasen","en":"Cysteine protease","es":"Cisteína proteasas","fa":"سیستئین پروتئاز","fr":"Protéase à cystéine","gl":"Cisteína protease","he":"ציסטאין פרוטאז","ja":"システインプロテアーゼ","pl":"Proteazy cysteinowe","pt":"Cisteíno protease","ru":"Цистеиновые протеазы","sr":"Cisteinska peptidaza","uk":"Цистеїнові протеази","zh":"半胱氨酸蛋白酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Protease sistein (EC. 3.4.22) merupakan enzim dengan massa molekul 21 hingga 30 kDa yang dapat mengkatalis reaksi hidrolisis ikatan-ikatan peptida, amida, ester, tiol ester, dan tiono ester. Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada semua makhluk hidup karena berperan sangat penting dalam berbagai jenis metabolisme di dalam tubuh. Secara umum, enzim ini dibagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu eksopeptidase dan endopeptidase. Eksopeptidase bekerja dengan cara memotong bagian ujung amino atau karboksil dari suatu ikatan peptida, sedangkan endopeptidase akan memotong pada bagian tengah suatu rantai polipeptida.\n\nBeberapa contoh enzim yang termasuk dalam golongan enzim protease sistein adalah papain yang berasal dari buah pepaya, bromelain yang berasal dari buah nanas, ficain, dan cathepsin. Beberapa enzim diantaranya dapat digunakan pada bidang farmasi. Chatepsin merupakan salah satu enzim yang telah digunakan sebagai obat, terutama untuk membantu pemulihan kondisi tubuh penderita osteoporosis, arterosklerosis, kanker, dan peradangan.\n\nProtease sistein\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protease sistein (EC. 3.4.22) merupakan enzim dengan massa molekul 21 hingga 30 kDa yang dapat mengkatalis reaksi hidrolisis ikatan-ikatan peptida, amida, ester, tiol ester, dan tiono ester.","translated_text":"Cysteine protease (EC. 3.4.22) is an enzyme with a molecular mass of 21 to 30 kDa that can catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of the bonds of peptides, amides, esters, thiol esters, and thiono esters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada semua makhluk hidup karena berperan sangat penting dalam berbagai jenis metabolisme di dalam tubuh.","translated_text":"This enzyme can be found in all living things because it plays a very important role in various types of metabolism in the body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara umum, enzim ini dibagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu eksopeptidase dan endopeptidase.","translated_text":"In general, these enzymes are divided into two classes, exopeptidase and endopeptidase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":87,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eksopeptidase bekerja dengan cara memotong bagian ujung amino atau karboksil dari suatu ikatan peptida, sedangkan endopeptidase akan memotong pada bagian tengah suatu rantai polipeptida.","translated_text":"Exopeptidases work by cutting the amino or carboxylic end of a peptide bond, whereas endopeptidases cut the middle of a polypeptide chain.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":186,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beberapa contoh enzim yang termasuk dalam golongan enzim protease sistein adalah papain yang berasal dari buah pepaya, bromelain yang berasal dari buah nanas, ficain, dan cathepsin.","translated_text":"Some examples of enzymes that fall into the cysteine protease enzyme group are papain derived from peppers, bromelain derived from pineapples, ficain, and cathepsin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Barret AJ. 1994. Classification of peptidasaes. ''Method Enzymol'' 244:1-15.</ref>","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa enzim diantaranya dapat digunakan pada bidang farmasi.","translated_text":"Some of these enzymes can be used in pharmaceuticals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Leung-Toung R, Li W, Tam TF, Karimian K. 2002. Thioldependent enzymes and their inhibitors: a review. ''Curr Med Chem'' 9:979–1002.</ref>","char_index":63,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Chatepsin merupakan salah satu enzim yang telah digunakan sebagai obat, terutama untuk membantu pemulihan kondisi tubuh penderita osteoporosis, arterosklerosis, kanker, dan peradangan.","translated_text":"Chatepsin is one of the enzymes that has been used as a medicine, especially to help the body recover from conditions of osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, cancer, and inflammation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Bordusa F. 2002. Proteases in organic synthesis. ''Chem Rev'' 102:4817-67.</ref>","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protease sistein","translated_text":"Protease cysteine","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Protease sistein (EC. 3.4.22) merupakan enzim dengan massa molekul 21 hingga 30 kDa yang dapat mengkatalis reaksi hidrolisis ikatan-ikatan peptida, amida, ester, tiol ester, dan tiono ester.","translated_text":"Cysteine protease (EC. 3.4.22) is an enzyme with a molecular mass of 21 to 30 kDa that can catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of the bonds of peptides, amides, esters, thiol esters, and thiono esters.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Protease sistein (EC. 3.4.22) merupakan enzim dengan massa molekul 21 hingga 30 kDa yang dapat mengkatalis reaksi hidrolisis ikatan-ikatan peptida, amida, ester, tiol ester, dan tiono ester. Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada semua makhluk hidup karena berperan sangat penting dalam berbagai jenis metabolisme di dalam tubuh.","translated_text":"Cysteine protease (EC. 3.4.22) is an enzyme with a molecular mass of 21 to 30 kDa that can catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of the bonds of peptides, amides, esters, thiol esters, and thiono esters. This enzyme can be found in all living things because it plays a very important role in various types of metabolism in the body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":321,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Protease sistein (EC. 3.4.22) merupakan enzim dengan massa molekul 21 hingga 30 kDa yang dapat mengkatalis reaksi hidrolisis ikatan-ikatan peptida, amida, ester, tiol ester, dan tiono ester. Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada semua makhluk hidup karena berperan sangat penting dalam berbagai jenis metabolisme di dalam tubuh. Secara umum, enzim ini dibagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu eksopeptidase dan endopeptidase.","translated_text":"Cysteine protease (EC. 3.4.22) is an enzyme with a molecular mass of 21 to 30 kDa that can catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of the bonds of peptides, amides, esters, thiol esters, and thiono esters. This enzyme can be found in all living things because it plays a very important role in various types of metabolism in the body. In general, these enzymes are divided into two classes, exopeptidase and endopeptidase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":409,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada semua makhluk hidup karena berperan sangat penting dalam berbagai jenis metabolisme di dalam tubuh. Secara umum, enzim ini dibagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu eksopeptidase dan endopeptidase. Eksopeptidase bekerja dengan cara memotong bagian ujung amino atau karboksil dari suatu ikatan peptida, sedangkan endopeptidase akan memotong pada bagian tengah suatu rantai polipeptida.","translated_text":"This enzyme can be found in all living things because it plays a very important role in various types of metabolism in the body. In general, these enzymes are divided into two classes, exopeptidase and endopeptidase. Exopeptidases work by cutting the amino or carboxylic end of a peptide bond, whereas endopeptidases cut the middle of a polypeptide chain.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:181. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":405,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa contoh enzim yang termasuk dalam golongan enzim protease sistein adalah papain yang berasal dari buah pepaya, bromelain yang berasal dari buah nanas, ficain, dan cathepsin.","translated_text":"Some examples of enzymes that fall into the cysteine protease enzyme group are papain derived from peppers, bromelain derived from pineapples, ficain, and cathepsin.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Barret AJ. 1994. Classification of peptidasaes. ''Method Enzymol'' 244:1-15.</ref>","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa contoh enzim yang termasuk dalam golongan enzim protease sistein adalah papain yang berasal dari buah pepaya, bromelain yang berasal dari buah nanas, ficain, dan cathepsin. Beberapa enzim diantaranya dapat digunakan pada bidang farmasi.","translated_text":"Some examples of enzymes that fall into the cysteine protease enzyme group are papain derived from peppers, bromelain derived from pineapples, ficain, and cathepsin. Some of these enzymes can be used in pharmaceuticals.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Leung-Toung R, Li W, Tam TF, Karimian K. 2002. Thioldependent enzymes and their inhibitors: a review. ''Curr Med Chem'' 9:979–1002.</ref>","char_index":245,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa contoh enzim yang termasuk dalam golongan enzim protease sistein adalah papain yang berasal dari buah pepaya, bromelain yang berasal dari buah nanas, ficain, dan cathepsin. Beberapa enzim diantaranya dapat digunakan pada bidang farmasi. Chatepsin merupakan salah satu enzim yang telah digunakan sebagai obat, terutama untuk membantu pemulihan kondisi tubuh penderita osteoporosis, arterosklerosis, kanker, dan peradangan.","translated_text":"Some examples of enzymes that fall into the cysteine protease enzyme group are papain derived from peppers, bromelain derived from pineapples, ficain, and cathepsin. Some of these enzymes can be used in pharmaceuticals. Chatepsin is one of the enzymes that has been used as a medicine, especially to help the body recover from conditions of osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, cancer, and inflammation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Bordusa F. 2002. Proteases in organic synthesis. ''Chem Rev'' 102:4817-67.</ref>","char_index":430,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Sundel Bolong (film 1981)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Sundelbolong]]","hash":"0d4d8f8ae077f1e1e942ace2c2ac928403a974dca67b22ec717f5eb1c3177851","last_revision":"2010-06-13T13:44:43Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:44:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.579779","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Sundelbolong\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Sundelbolong","translated_text":"I'm not going to be able to do it.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Robert Koren","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|name                 = Robert Koren\n|image                = [[Berkas:Robert Koren 2009.jpg|200px]]\n|image_size           = 200px\n|caption              = Koren berlatih di timnas Slovenia\n|fullname             = Robert Koren<ref name=\"Hugman2010-11\">{{cite book\n|editor1-last = Hugman\n|editor1-first = Barry J.\n|title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11\n|url = https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9\n|publisher = Mainstream Publishing\n|year = 2010\n|page = [https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n241 240]\n|isbn = 978-1-84596-601-0 }}</ref>\n|birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1980|9|20|df=y}}\n|birth_place         = [[Radlje ob Dravi]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]\n|height               = {{height|meter=1.75}}\n|position             = [[Gelandang]]\n|currentclub    = [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]]\n|clubnumber     = 10\n|youthyears1    =         |youthclubs1   = [[NK Dravograd|Dravograd]]\n|years1         = 1996–2001|clubs1        = [[NK Dravograd|Dravograd]]                       |caps1 = 129|goals1 = 17\n|years2         = 2001–2004|clubs2        = [[NK Celje|Celje]]                               |caps2 = 78|goals2 = 22\n|years3         = 2004–2007|clubs3        = [[Lillestrøm SK|Lillestrøm]]                     |caps3 = 75|goals3 = 19\n|years4         = 2007–2010|clubs4        = [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]|caps4 = 129|goals4 = 16\n|years5         = 2010–2014|clubs5        = [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]]                   |caps5 = 143|goals5 = 28\n|years6         = 2014–   |clubs6        = [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]]             |caps6 = 7 |goals6 = 3\n|nationalyears1 = 2001–2002|nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|21|Slovenia}}\n|nationalcaps1  = 12      |nationalgoals1= 1\n|nationalyears2 = 2003–2012|nationalteam2 = {{timnas|Slovenia}}\n|nationalcaps2  = 61      |nationalgoals2= 5\n|pcupdate       = 05:32, 16 February 2015 (UTC)\n|ntupdate       = 14:09, 13 Oktober 2011 (UTC)\n}}\n'''Robert Koren''' ({{lahirmati|[[Radlje ob Dravi]], [[Yugoslavia]]|20|9|1980}}) adalah seorang pemain [[sepak bola]] [[Slovenia]] yang bermain sebagai [[gelandang|pemain tengah]], bermain untuk klub [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] dan juga kapten tim nasional {{timnas|Slovenia}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tigers Bring In Koren|url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|date=13 August 2010|accessdate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|archivedate=2012-03-29|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commons category|Robert Koren}}\n* [http://www.nzs.si/index.php?t=reprezentancaPortret&id=20838 Player profile] – NZS\n* {{soccerbase|id=25134|name=Robert Koren}}\n\n{{lifetime|1980||Koren, Robert}}\n{{Skuat PD2010 Slovenia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2002]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2006]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Slovenia]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain West Bromwich Albion F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Hull City A.F.C.]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Slovenia}}","hash":"f9304fd37f58732bab945fd7ef039907d6eeafa0d21efc8701ff567e9d238b3f","last_revision":"2023-06-10T03:49:12Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:46:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.633756","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"روبيرت كورين","arz":"روبيرت كورين","azb":"رابرت کورن","ca":"Robert Koren","cs":"Robert Koren","da":"Robert Koren","de":"Robert Koren","en":"Robert Koren","es":"Robert Koren","fa":"رابرت کورن","fi":"Robert Koren","fr":"Robert Koren","he":"רוברט קורן","hu":"Robert Koren","it":"Robert Koren","ja":"ロベルト・コレン","ko":"로베르트 코렌","la":"Robertus Koren","lt":"Robert Koren","lv":"Roberts Korens","mg":"Robert Koren","mn":"Роберт Корен","mr":"रॉबर्ट कोरेन","ms":"Robert Koren","nl":"Robert Koren","nn":"Robert Koren","nb":"Robert Koren","pl":"Robert Koren","pt":"Robert Koren","ro":"Robert Koren","ru":"Корен, Роберт","sl":"Robert Koren","sr":"Роберт Корен","sv":"Robert Koren","tr":"Robert Koren","uk":"Роберт Корен","zh":"羅拔·高倫"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Robert Koren () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Slovenia yang bermain sebagai pemain tengah, bermain untuk klub Melbourne City dan juga kapten tim nasional .\n\nPlayer profile – NZS\n\nKategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2002 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2006 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Slovenia Kategori:Pemain West Bromwich Albion F.C. Kategori:Pemain Hull City A.F.C.\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|name                 = Robert Koren\n|image                = [[Berkas:Robert Koren 2009.jpg|200px]]\n|image_size           = 200px\n|caption              = Koren berlatih di timnas Slovenia\n|fullname             = Robert Koren<ref name=\"Hugman2010-11\">{{cite book\n|editor1-last = Hugman\n|editor1-first = Barry J.\n|title = The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11\n|url = https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9\n|publisher = Mainstream Publishing\n|year = 2010\n|page = [https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n241 240]\n|isbn = 978-1-84596-601-0 }}</ref>\n|birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1980|9|20|df=y}}\n|birth_place         = [[Radlje ob Dravi]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]\n|height               = {{height|meter=1.75}}\n|position             = [[Gelandang]]\n|currentclub    = [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]]\n|clubnumber     = 10\n|youthyears1    =         |youthclubs1   = [[NK Dravograd|Dravograd]]\n|years1         = 1996��2001|clubs1        = [[NK Dravograd|Dravograd]]                       |caps1 = 129|goals1 = 17\n|years2         = 2001–2004|clubs2        = [[NK Celje|Celje]]                               |caps2 = 78|goals2 = 22\n|years3         = 2004–2007|clubs3        = [[Lillestrøm SK|Lillestrøm]]                     |caps3 = 75|goals3 = 19\n|years4         = 2007–2010|clubs4        = [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]|caps4 = 129|goals4 = 16\n|years5         = 2010–2014|clubs5        = [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]]                   |caps5 = 143|goals5 = 28\n|years6         = 2014–   |clubs6        = [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]]             |caps6 = 7 |goals6 = 3\n|nationalyears1 = 2001–2002|nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|21|Slovenia}}\n|nationalcaps1  = 12      |nationalgoals1= 1\n|nationalyears2 = 2003–2012|nationalteam2 = {{timnas|Slovenia}}\n|nationalcaps2  = 61      |nationalgoals2= 5\n|pcupdate       = 05:32, 16 February 2015 (UTC)\n|ntupdate       = 14:09, 13 Oktober 2011 (UTC)\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Robert Koren () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Slovenia yang bermain sebagai pemain tengah, bermain untuk klub Melbourne City dan juga kapten tim nasional .","translated_text":"Robert Koren () was a Slovenian footballer who played as a midfielder, playing for Melbourne City and also captained the national team.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Tigers Bring In Koren|url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|date=13 August 2010|accessdate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|archivedate=2012-03-29|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.174450-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Tigers Bring In Koren|url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|date=13 August 2010|accessdate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|archivedate=2012-03-29|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.691483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Player profile – NZS","translated_text":"Player profile  ⁇  NZS","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2002 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2006 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Slovenia Kategori:Pemain West Bromwich Albion F.C. Kategori:Pemain Hull City A.F.C.","translated_text":":Players of the 2002 FIFA World Cup Categories:Players of the 2006 FIFA World Cup Categories:Players of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Categories:Slovenian footballers Categories:West Bromwich Albion F.C. Categories:Hull City A.F.C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Robert Koren () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Slovenia yang bermain sebagai pemain tengah, bermain untuk klub Melbourne City dan juga kapten tim nasional .","translated_text":"Robert Koren () was a Slovenian footballer who played as a midfielder, playing for Melbourne City and also captained the national team.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Tigers Bring In Koren|url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|date=13 August 2010|accessdate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|archivedate=2012-03-29|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.174450-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Tigers Bring In Koren|url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|date=13 August 2010|accessdate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~2120887,00.html|archivedate=2012-03-29|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120329135014/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.691483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Subtilisin","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|jmpl|200px|''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'', salah satu mikroorganisme penghasil enzim subtilisin.]]\n'''Subtilisin''' merupakan [[enzim]] yang berperan dalam meng[[hidrolisis]] ikatan [[peptida]] dan ikatan [[ester]] pada suatu [[polipeptida]] atau [[protein]].<ref>Perona JJ, Craik CS. 1995. Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases. ''Protein Sci'' 4:337–360.</ref><ref>Polgár L. 2005. The catalytic triad of serine peptidases. ''CMLS, Cell Mol Life Sci'' 62:2161–72.</ref> Enzim ini termasuk dalam golongan [[protease serin]] karena keduanya sama-sama memiliki residu [[asam amino]] [[serin]] pada sisi aktifnya.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\nSebagian besar dari enzim subtilisin merupakan [[endopeptidase]] (memotong pada bagian tengah rantai polipeptida).<ref name=book1/> Subtilisin dapat bekerja optimal pada [[pH]] basa (alkalin) dan mampu bertahan pada kisaran [[suhu]] yang sangat luas (termostabil).<ref name=book1/> Hal ini menyebabkan enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang [[industri]].<ref name=book1/> Akan tetapi, kerja subtilisin dapat diinhibisi oleh adanya senyawa [[diisopropil fluorofosfat]] dan [[fenilmetanasulfonil fluorida]].<ref name=book1/>\n\nDimulai pada tahun [[1930]], subtilisin banyak diaplikasikan dalam produk [[detergen]].<ref name=book1/> Beberapa jenis [[mikroorganisme]] telah direkayasa secara [[genetik]] untuk menghasilkan enzim ini.<ref>Bryan PN. 2000. Protein engineering of subtilisin. ''Biochim Biophys Acta'' 1543:203–222.</ref> Mikroorganisme tersebut antara lain ''Bacillus licheniformis'', ''B. clausii'', ''B. subtilis'', ''B. lentus'', dan ''B. alkalofilus''.<ref name=book1/> [[Alkalase]] merupakan salah satu jenis subtilisin yang telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam detergen.<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"3fee989cfca7b58aeccef47d828f78d52e2eb4d3a03083f713d15f3dad0e18a5","last_revision":"2018-12-03T09:41:06Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:52:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.685681","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Subtilisin","en":"Subtilisin","es":"Subtilisina","fr":"Subtilisine","gl":"Subtilisina","he":"סבטיליזין","it":"Subtilisina","ja":"サブチリシン","nl":"Subtilisine","ru":"Субтилизин","sh":"Subtilizin","sr":"Subtilizin","zh":"枯草杆菌蛋白酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Subtilisin merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam menghidrolisis ikatan peptida dan ikatan ester pada suatu polipeptida atau protein. Enzim ini termasuk dalam golongan protease serin karena keduanya sama-sama memiliki residu asam amino serin pada sisi aktifnya.\n\nSebagian besar dari enzim subtilisin merupakan endopeptidase (memotong pada bagian tengah rantai polipeptida). Subtilisin dapat bekerja optimal pada pH basa (alkalin) dan mampu bertahan pada kisaran suhu yang sangat luas (termostabil). Hal ini menyebabkan enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang industri. Akan tetapi, kerja subtilisin dapat diinhibisi oleh adanya senyawa diisopropil fluorofosfat dan fenilmetanasulfonil fluorida.\n\nDimulai pada tahun 1930, subtilisin banyak diaplikasikan dalam produk detergen. Beberapa jenis mikroorganisme telah direkayasa secara genetik untuk menghasilkan enzim ini. Mikroorganisme tersebut antara lain Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, dan B. alkalofilus. Alkalase merupakan salah satu jenis subtilisin yang telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam detergen.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Subtilisin merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam menghidrolisis ikatan peptida dan ikatan ester pada suatu polipeptida atau protein.","translated_text":"Subtilisin is an enzyme involved in hydrolysis of peptide bonds and ester bonds to a polypeptide or protein.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Perona JJ, Craik CS. 1995. Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases. ''Protein Sci'' 4:337–360.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Polgár L. 2005. The catalytic triad of serine peptidases. ''CMLS, Cell Mol Life Sci'' 62:2161–72.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini termasuk dalam golongan protease serin karena keduanya sama-sama memiliki residu asam amino serin pada sisi aktifnya.","translated_text":"This enzyme belongs to the family of serine proteases because both have serine amino acid residues on the active side.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":127,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagian besar dari enzim subtilisin merupakan endopeptidase (memotong pada bagian tengah rantai polipeptida).","translated_text":"Most of the enzyme subtilisin is an endopeptidase (cutting in the middle of the polypeptide chain).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":110,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Subtilisin dapat bekerja optimal pada pH basa (alkalin) dan mampu bertahan pada kisaran suhu yang sangat luas (termostabil).","translated_text":"Subtilisin can work optimally at base pH (alkaline) and is able to withstand a very wide temperature range (thermostable).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":124,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini menyebabkan enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang industri.","translated_text":"This has led to many industrial applications of this enzyme.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":82,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, kerja subtilisin dapat diinhibisi oleh adanya senyawa diisopropil fluorofosfat dan fenilmetanasulfonil fluorida.","translated_text":"However, the work of subtilisin can be inhibited by the presence of the compounds isopropyl fluorophosphates and phenylmethanasulfonyl fluoride.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":125,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dimulai pada tahun 1930, subtilisin banyak diaplikasikan dalam produk detergen.","translated_text":"Beginning in the 1930s, subtilisin was widely used in detergents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":79,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa jenis mikroorganisme telah direkayasa secara genetik untuk menghasilkan enzim ini.","translated_text":"Several types of microorganisms have been genetically engineered to produce this enzyme.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Bryan PN. 2000. Protein engineering of subtilisin. ''Biochim Biophys Acta'' 1543:203–222.</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mikroorganisme tersebut antara lain Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, dan B. alkalofilus.","translated_text":"These microorganisms include Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, and B. alkalofilus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkalase merupakan salah satu jenis subtilisin yang telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam detergen.","translated_text":"Alkalase is one type of subtilisin that has been successfully applied in detergents.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Subtilisin merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam menghidrolisis ikatan peptida dan ikatan ester pada suatu polipeptida atau protein.","translated_text":"Subtilisin is an enzyme involved in hydrolysis of peptide bonds and ester bonds to a polypeptide or protein.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Perona JJ, Craik CS. 1995. Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases. ''Protein Sci'' 4:337–360.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Polgár L. 2005. The catalytic triad of serine peptidases. ''CMLS, Cell Mol Life Sci'' 62:2161–72.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Subtilisin merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam menghidrolisis ikatan peptida dan ikatan ester pada suatu polipeptida atau protein. Enzim ini termasuk dalam golongan protease serin karena keduanya sama-sama memiliki residu asam amino serin pada sisi aktifnya.","translated_text":"Subtilisin is an enzyme involved in hydrolysis of peptide bonds and ester bonds to a polypeptide or protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of serine proteases because both have serine amino acid residues on the active side.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":258,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar dari enzim subtilisin merupakan endopeptidase (memotong pada bagian tengah rantai polipeptida).","translated_text":"Most of the enzyme subtilisin is an endopeptidase (cutting in the middle of the polypeptide chain).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":110,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar dari enzim subtilisin merupakan endopeptidase (memotong pada bagian tengah rantai polipeptida). Subtilisin dapat bekerja optimal pada pH basa (alkalin) dan mampu bertahan pada kisaran suhu yang sangat luas (termostabil).","translated_text":"Most of the enzyme subtilisin is an endopeptidase (cutting in the middle of the polypeptide chain). Subtilisin can work optimally at base pH (alkaline) and is able to withstand a very wide temperature range (thermostable).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":235,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar dari enzim subtilisin merupakan endopeptidase (memotong pada bagian tengah rantai polipeptida). Subtilisin dapat bekerja optimal pada pH basa (alkalin) dan mampu bertahan pada kisaran suhu yang sangat luas (termostabil). Hal ini menyebabkan enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang industri.","translated_text":"Most of the enzyme subtilisin is an endopeptidase (cutting in the middle of the polypeptide chain). Subtilisin can work optimally at base pH (alkaline) and is able to withstand a very wide temperature range (thermostable). This has led to many industrial applications of this enzyme.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":318,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Subtilisin dapat bekerja optimal pada pH basa (alkalin) dan mampu bertahan pada kisaran suhu yang sangat luas (termostabil). Hal ini menyebabkan enzim ini banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang industri. Akan tetapi, kerja subtilisin dapat diinhibisi oleh adanya senyawa diisopropil fluorofosfat dan fenilmetanasulfonil fluorida.","translated_text":"Subtilisin can work optimally at base pH (alkaline) and is able to withstand a very wide temperature range (thermostable). This has led to many industrial applications of this enzyme. However, the work of subtilisin can be inhibited by the presence of the compounds isopropyl fluorophosphates and phenylmethanasulfonyl fluoride.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":333,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dimulai pada tahun 1930, subtilisin banyak diaplikasikan dalam produk detergen.","translated_text":"Beginning in the 1930s, subtilisin was widely used in detergents.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":79,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dimulai pada tahun 1930, subtilisin banyak diaplikasikan dalam produk detergen. Beberapa jenis mikroorganisme telah direkayasa secara genetik untuk menghasilkan enzim ini.","translated_text":"Beginning in the 1930s, subtilisin was widely used in detergents. Several types of microorganisms have been genetically engineered to produce this enzyme.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Bryan PN. 2000. Protein engineering of subtilisin. ''Biochim Biophys Acta'' 1543:203–222.</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dimulai pada tahun 1930, subtilisin banyak diaplikasikan dalam produk detergen. Beberapa jenis mikroorganisme telah direkayasa secara genetik untuk menghasilkan enzim ini. Mikroorganisme tersebut antara lain Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, dan B. alkalofilus.","translated_text":"Beginning in the 1930s, subtilisin was widely used in detergents. Several types of microorganisms have been genetically engineered to produce this enzyme. These microorganisms include Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, and B. alkalofilus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":287,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa jenis mikroorganisme telah direkayasa secara genetik untuk menghasilkan enzim ini. Mikroorganisme tersebut antara lain Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, dan B. alkalofilus. Alkalase merupakan salah satu jenis subtilisin yang telah berhasil diaplikasikan dalam detergen.","translated_text":"Several types of microorganisms have been genetically engineered to produce this enzyme. These microorganisms include Bacillus licheniformis, B. clausii, B. subtilis, B. lentus, and B. alkalofilus. Alkalase is one type of subtilisin that has been successfully applied in detergents.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 197-206. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":304,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Neisseria meningitidis","wikicode":"{{Italic title}}\n{{Taxobox\n| color = lightgrey\n| name = ''Neisseria meningitidis''\n| image= Neisseria meningitidis (cropped).png\n| image_caption=[ Fotomikrograf bakteri''N. meningitidis''\n| regnum = [[Bacteria]]\n| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]\n| classis = [[Beta Proteobacteria]]\n| ordo = [[Neisseriaceae|Neisseriales]]\n| familia = [[Neisseriaceae]]\n| genus = ''[[Neisseria]]''\n| species = '''''N. meningitidis'''''\n| binomial = ''Neisseria meningitidis''\n| binomial_authority = Albrecht & Ghon 1901\n}}\n\n'''''Neisseria meningitidis''''' adalah [[bakteri]] [[gram-negatif]] penyebab [[penyakit]] [[meningitis]] dan [[meningococcemia]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Monica Gandhi, Paul Baum|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Blueprints notes and cases microbiology and immunology|year= 2003|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4051-0347-3}}Page.29-30</ref> Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887.<ref name=\"c\"/> Karakteristik dari ''N. meningitidis'' adalah aerobik dan berbentuk diplokokus.<ref name=\"c\"/> Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul [[polisakarida]] dan [[enzim]] [[oksidase]].<ref name=\"a\"/> Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui [[pernapasan]] atau respirasi.<ref name=\"b\"/> [[Endotoksin]] yang dihasilkan ''N. meningitidis'' dapat masuk ke dalam [[pembuluh darah]] dan menyebabkan pendarahan akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah.<ref name=\"b\"/> Untuk mengatasi infeksi bakteri ini, dapat digunakan [[antibiotik]] [[penisilin]] atau [[sefalosporin]].<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref> Dari 13 [[serogrup]] (kelompok berdasarkan [[antigen]] yang dihasilkan) ''N. meningitidis'' yang telah ditemukan (dinamakan A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, L, W-135, X, Y, dan Z), serogrup yang umumnya menyebabkan infeksi adalah A, B, C, 29E, dan W-135.<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news \n|first = \n|last = \n|author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul\n|coauthors =\n|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview\n|title = Meningococcal Meningitis\n|work = \n|publisher = Medscape\n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = 11 Agustus 2009\n|accessdate = 13 Juni 2010\n|quote =\n}}\n</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Meningokokus]]\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q154625}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bakteri]]\n[[Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1901]]\n\n{{biologi-stub}}","hash":"d51faa86ac89dbc61152b16aae7f09dd2964c728f11c464e3a2a6a3ecdf738f3","last_revision":"2024-02-12T10:57:28Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T13:57:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.742142","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"نيسرية سحائية","arz":"نيسريه سحائيه","ca":"Neissèria de la meningitis","cs":"Neisseria meningitidis","de":"Meningokokken","el":"Ναϊσσέρια της μηνιγγίτιδας","eml":"Meningicòc","en":"Neisseria meningitidis","es":"Neisseria meningitidis","et":"Meningokokk","eu":"Neisseria meningitidis","fa":"نایسریا مننژیتیدیس","fi":"Meningokokki","fr":"Neisseria meningitidis","gl":"Neisseria meningitidis","he":"Neisseria meningitidis","it":"Neisseria meningitidis","ja":"髄膜炎菌","ky":"Менингококк","lmo":"Neisseria meningitidis","mk":"Neisseria meningitis","ms":"Neisseria meningitides","nl":"Meningokok","nb":"Meningokokk","pl":"Dwoinka zapalenia opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych","pt":"Neisseria meningitidis","ro":"Neisseria meningitidis","ru":"Менингококк","sq":"Neisseria meningitidis","sv":"Meningokocker","th":"Neisseria meningitidis","tr":"Neisseria meningitidis","uk":"Менінгокок","ur":"نائسیریا میننجائٹس","uz":"Meningokokk","vi":"Meningococcus","zh":"腦膜炎雙球菌"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Neisseria meningitidis adalah bakteri gram-negatif penyebab penyakit meningitis dan meningococcemia. Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887. Karakteristik dari N. meningitidis adalah aerobik dan berbentuk diplokokus. Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul polisakarida dan enzim oksidase. Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui pernapasan atau respirasi. Endotoksin yang dihasilkan N. meningitidis dapat masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan pendarahan akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah. Untuk mengatasi infeksi bakteri ini, dapat digunakan antibiotik penisilin atau sefalosporin. Dari 13 serogrup (kelompok berdasarkan antigen yang dihasilkan) N. meningitidis yang telah ditemukan (dinamakan A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, L, W-135, X, Y, dan Z), serogrup yang umumnya menyebabkan infeksi adalah A, B, C, 29E, dan W-135.\n\nMeningokokus\n\nKategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1901\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Neisseria meningitidis adalah bakteri gram-negatif penyebab penyakit meningitis dan meningococcemia.","translated_text":"Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis and meningococcemia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Monica Gandhi, Paul Baum|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Blueprints notes and cases microbiology and immunology|year= 2003|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4051-0347-3}}Page.29-30</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887.","translated_text":"The bacteria were first isolated in 1887.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul |coauthors = |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview |title = Meningococcal Meningitis |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 11 Agustus 2009 |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":51,"name":"c","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129710,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.761130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karakteristik dari N. meningitidis adalah aerobik dan berbentuk diplokokus.","translated_text":"Characteristics of N. meningitidis are aerobic and diplocus-shaped.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul |coauthors = |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview |title = Meningococcal Meningitis |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 11 Agustus 2009 |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":75,"name":"c","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129710,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.761130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul polisakarida dan enzim oksidase.","translated_text":"These bacteria can produce polysaccharide capsules and oxidase enzymes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Monica Gandhi, Paul Baum|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Blueprints notes and cases microbiology and immunology|year= 2003|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4051-0347-3}}Page.29-30</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui pernapasan atau respirasi.","translated_text":"The spread of this bacterium is usually through breathing or respiration.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref>","char_index":65,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Endotoksin yang dihasilkan N. meningitidis dapat masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan pendarahan akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah.","translated_text":"Endotoxin produced by N. meningitidis can enter the blood vessels and cause bleeding due to blood vessel damage.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref>","char_index":138,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengatasi infeksi bakteri ini, dapat digunakan antibiotik penisilin atau sefalosporin.","translated_text":"To treat this bacterial infection, antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporin may be used.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari 13 serogrup (kelompok berdasarkan antigen yang dihasilkan) N. meningitidis yang telah ditemukan (dinamakan A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, L, W-135, X, Y, dan Z), serogrup yang umumnya menyebabkan infeksi adalah A, B, C, 29E, dan W-135.","translated_text":"Of the 13 serogroups (groups based on antigen produced) of N. meningitidis that have been found (named A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, L, W-135, X, Y, and Z), the serogroups that generally cause infection are A, B, C, 29E, and W-135.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul |coauthors = |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview |title = Meningococcal Meningitis |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 11 Agustus 2009 |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":233,"name":"c","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129710,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.761130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meningokokus","translated_text":"My mind is focused.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1901","translated_text":"Category:Bacteria Category:Bacteria described in 1901","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Neisseria meningitidis adalah bakteri gram-negatif penyebab penyakit meningitis dan meningococcemia.","translated_text":"Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis and meningococcemia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Monica Gandhi, Paul Baum|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Blueprints notes and cases microbiology and immunology|year= 2003|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4051-0347-3}}Page.29-30</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Neisseria meningitidis adalah bakteri gram-negatif penyebab penyakit meningitis dan meningococcemia. Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887.","translated_text":"Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis and meningococcemia. The bacteria were first isolated in 1887.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul |coauthors = |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview |title = Meningococcal Meningitis |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 11 Agustus 2009 |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":152,"name":"c","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129710,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.761130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Neisseria meningitidis adalah bakteri gram-negatif penyebab penyakit meningitis dan meningococcemia. Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887. Karakteristik dari N. meningitidis adalah aerobik dan berbentuk diplokokus.","translated_text":"Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis and meningococcemia. The bacteria were first isolated in 1887. Characteristics of N. meningitidis are aerobic and diplocus-shaped.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul |coauthors = |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview |title = Meningococcal Meningitis |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 11 Agustus 2009 |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":228,"name":"c","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129710,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.761130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Bakteri ini pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1887. Karakteristik dari N. meningitidis adalah aerobik dan berbentuk diplokokus. Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul polisakarida dan enzim oksidase.","translated_text":"The bacteria were first isolated in 1887. Characteristics of N. meningitidis are aerobic and diplocus-shaped. These bacteria can produce polysaccharide capsules and oxidase enzymes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Monica Gandhi, Paul Baum|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Blueprints notes and cases microbiology and immunology|year= 2003|publisher= Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4051-0347-3}}Page.29-30</ref>","char_index":198,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Karakteristik dari N. meningitidis adalah aerobik dan berbentuk diplokokus. Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul polisakarida dan enzim oksidase. Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui pernapasan atau respirasi.","translated_text":"Characteristics of N. meningitidis are aerobic and diplocus-shaped. These bacteria can produce polysaccharide capsules and oxidase enzymes. The spread of this bacterium is usually through breathing or respiration.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref>","char_index":212,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan kapsul polisakarida dan enzim oksidase. Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui pernapasan atau respirasi. Endotoksin yang dihasilkan N. meningitidis dapat masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan pendarahan akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah.","translated_text":"These bacteria can produce polysaccharide capsules and oxidase enzymes. The spread of this bacterium is usually through breathing or respiration. Endotoxin produced by N. meningitidis can enter the blood vessels and cause bleeding due to blood vessel damage.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref>","char_index":275,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyebaran bakteri ini umumnya melalui pernapasan atau respirasi. Endotoksin yang dihasilkan N. meningitidis dapat masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan pendarahan akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah. Untuk mengatasi infeksi bakteri ini, dapat digunakan antibiotik penisilin atau sefalosporin.","translated_text":"The spread of this bacterium is usually through breathing or respiration. Endotoxin produced by N. meningitidis can enter the blood vessels and cause bleeding due to blood vessel damage. To treat this bacterial infection, antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporin may be used.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Eric M. Chen, Sanjay S. Kasturi|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Déjà review: microbiology and immunology|year= 2006|publisher= McGraw-Hill Medical|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-07-146866-4}}Page.56-57</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Endotoksin yang dihasilkan N. meningitidis dapat masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah dan menyebabkan pendarahan akibat kerusakan pembuluh darah. Untuk mengatasi infeksi bakteri ini, dapat digunakan antibiotik penisilin atau sefalosporin. Dari 13 serogrup (kelompok berdasarkan antigen yang dihasilkan) N. meningitidis yang telah ditemukan (dinamakan A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, L, W-135, X, Y, dan Z), serogrup yang umumnya menyebabkan infeksi adalah A, B, C, 29E, dan W-135.","translated_text":"Endotoxin produced by N. meningitidis can enter the blood vessels and cause bleeding due to blood vessel damage. To treat this bacterial infection, antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporin may be used. Of the 13 serogroups (groups based on antigen produced) of N. meningitidis that have been found (named A, B, C, D, E, H, I, K, L, W-135, X, Y, and Z), the serogroups that generally cause infection are A, B, C, 29E, and W-135.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, Manish K Singh, Sidney E Croul |coauthors = |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview |title = Meningococcal Meningitis |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 11 Agustus 2009 |accessdate = 13 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":465,"name":"c","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165557-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129710,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:18.761130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]}]}
+{"title":"Xilan","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Xylan.svg|jmpl|200px|Struktur molekul xilan.]]\n[[File:Plant cell wall diagram-id.svg|thumb|481x481px|Dinding sel tumbuhan tersusun dari [[selulosa]], [[hemiselulosa]], [[pektin]] dan [[glikoprotein]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carpita|first=Nicholas C.|date=2011-01-01|title=Update on Mechanisms of Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis: How Plants Make Cellulose and Other (1→4)-β-d-Glycans|journal=Plant Physiology|language=en|volume=155|issue=1|pages=171–184|doi=10.1104/pp.110.163360|issn=0032-0889|pmid=21051553|pmc=3075763}}</ref> Hemiselulosa (kelompok polisakarida heterogen) ikatan silang glikan mengikat serat selulosa dan membentuk struktur seperti jaring untuk menyimpan polisakarida lainnya.]]\n'''Xilan''' merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun [[sel]] pada [[tanaman]] ber[[kayu]].<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Degradasi senyawa ini dilakukan oleh berbagai jenis [[mikroorganisme]].<ref name=book1/> [[Enzim]]-enzim [[hidrolisis]] yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam degradasi biomasa tanaman dan siklus [[karbon]] di alam.<ref>Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. ''Curr Op Microbiol'' 6:219–228.</ref> Di dalam [[dinding sel]] tanaman, xilan akan berinteraksi dengan [[lignin]] dan [[selulosa]] melalui ikatan nonkovalen membentuk struktur sel yang kuat.<ref name=book1/>\n\nXilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks [[polisakarida]] dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya.<ref name=book1/> Selain [[xilopiranosil]], terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu [[arabinosil]], glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, [[asetil]], dan feruloil.<ref name=book1/> Pada beberapa tanaman lain, seperti [[rumput laut]], xilan dapat terbentuk dengan ikatan beta-1,3.<ref>Beg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS. 2001. Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol'' 56:326–338.</ref> Di samping itu, residu [[ramnosa]] dan [[galaktosa]] kadang dijumpai terikat pada molekul xilan.<ref>Wong KKY, Tan LUL, Saddler JN. 1988. Multiplicity of 1,4-xylanase in micro-organisms:\nfunctions and applications. ''Microbiol Rev'' 52:305–317.</ref>\n\n== Degradasi ==\nDiperlukan beberapa jenis enzim hidrolisis untuk memecah struktur xilan.<ref>Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 3:286–290.</ref> Terdapat dua mekanisme pendegradasian xilan, yaitu dengan memutus ikatan pada rantai utamanya dan dengan memotong rantai sampingnya. Pemutusan rantai utama dapat dilakukan dengan enzim [[xilanase]].<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Lihat Pula ==\n* [[Beta-xilosidase]]\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"cf22531a04ed26061931cebd2a72d36cbd2b0f92ab9e3fae7355a2ba51d2c035","last_revision":"2021-06-25T07:48:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:11:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.797574","cross_lingual_links":{"bn":"জাইল্যান","de":"Xylane","en":"Xylan","es":"Xilano","fa":"زیلان","fi":"Ksylaani","fr":"Xylane","it":"Xilani","ja":"キシラン","lt":"Ksilanas","nl":"Xylaan","ru":"Ксилан","sv":"Xylan","uk":"Ксилан","vi":"Xylan","zh":"木聚糖"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Xilan merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun sel pada tanaman berkayu. Degradasi senyawa ini dilakukan oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme. Enzim-enzim hidrolisis yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam degradasi biomasa tanaman dan siklus karbon di alam. Di dalam dinding sel tanaman, xilan akan berinteraksi dengan lignin dan selulosa melalui ikatan nonkovalen membentuk struktur sel yang kuat.\n\nXilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks polisakarida dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya. Selain xilopiranosil, terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu arabinosil, glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, asetil, dan feruloil. Pada beberapa tanaman lain, seperti rumput laut, xilan dapat terbentuk dengan ikatan beta-1,3. Di samping itu, residu ramnosa dan galaktosa kadang dijumpai terikat pada molekul xilan.\n\nDiperlukan beberapa jenis enzim hidrolisis untuk memecah struktur xilan. Terdapat dua mekanisme pendegradasian xilan, yaitu dengan memutus ikatan pada rantai utamanya dan dengan memotong rantai sampingnya. Pemutusan rantai utama dapat dilakukan dengan enzim xilanase.\n\nBeta-xilosidase\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Xilan merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun sel pada tanaman berkayu.","translated_text":"Xilan is one of the components of cell composition in juvenile plants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Degradasi senyawa ini dilakukan oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme.","translated_text":"The degradation of these compounds is carried out by various types of microorganisms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim","translated_text":"Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-enzim hidrolisis yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam degradasi biomasa tanaman dan siklus karbon di alam.","translated_text":"These hydrolysis enzymes produced by microorganisms play a key role in the degradation of plant biomass and the carbon cycle in nature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. ''Curr Op Microbiol'' 6:219–228.</ref>","char_index":147,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam dinding sel tanaman, xilan akan berinteraksi dengan lignin dan selulosa melalui ikatan nonkovalen membentuk struktur sel yang kuat.","translated_text":"Within the cell walls of plants, xylan will interact with lignin and cellulose through noncovalent bonds forming a strong cell structure.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":140,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Xilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks polisakarida dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya.","translated_text":"Xylan belongs to the group of polysaccharide complexes with beta-1,4 xylopyranosyl bonds as its backbone.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":116,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain xilopiranosil, terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu arabinosil, glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, asetil, dan feruloil.","translated_text":"In addition to xylopiranosyl, other compounds are available, such as arabinosyl, glucuronosyl, methylglukuronosyl, acetyl, and feruloil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada beberapa tanaman lain, seperti rumput laut, xilan dapat terbentuk dengan ikatan beta-1,3.","translated_text":"In some other plants, such as seaweed, xylan can form by binding to beta-1,3.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Beg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS. 2001. Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol'' 56:326–338.</ref>","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu, residu ramnosa dan galaktosa kadang dijumpai terikat pada molekul xilan.","translated_text":"In addition, remnants of ramnose and galactose are sometimes found bound to xylan molecules.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Wong KKY, Tan LUL, Saddler JN. 1988. Multiplicity of 1,4-xylanase in micro-organisms: functions and applications. ''Microbiol Rev'' 52:305–317.</ref>","char_index":88,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Degradasi","translated_text":"Degradation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diperlukan beberapa jenis enzim hidrolisis untuk memecah struktur xilan.","translated_text":"Several types of hydrolysis enzymes are needed to break down the xylan structure.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 3:286–290.</ref>","char_index":72,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat dua mekanisme pendegradasian xilan, yaitu dengan memutus ikatan pada rantai utamanya dan dengan memotong rantai sampingnya.","translated_text":"There are two mechanisms for degrading xylanes, namely by breaking the bonds on its main chain and by cutting off its side chain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemutusan rantai utama dapat dilakukan dengan enzim xilanase.","translated_text":"Major chain disruption can be performed with the enzyme xilanase.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":61,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat Pula","translated_text":"Look at Pula.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beta","translated_text":"The beta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-xilosidase","translated_text":"- Xylosidase","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Xilan merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun sel pada tanaman berkayu.","translated_text":"Xilan is one of the components of cell composition in juvenile plants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Xilan merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun sel pada tanaman berkayu. Degradasi senyawa ini dilakukan oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme.","translated_text":"Xilan is one of the components of cell composition in juvenile plants. The degradation of these compounds is carried out by various types of microorganisms.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":138,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Degradasi senyawa ini dilakukan oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme. Enzim -enzim hidrolisis yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam degradasi biomasa tanaman dan siklus karbon di alam.","translated_text":"The degradation of these compounds is carried out by various types of microorganisms. Enzymes These hydrolysis enzymes produced by microorganisms play a key role in the degradation of plant biomass and the carbon cycle in nature.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Shallom D, Shoham Y. 2003. Microbial hemicellulases. ''Curr Op Microbiol'' 6:219–228.</ref>","char_index":221,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim -enzim hidrolisis yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam degradasi biomasa tanaman dan siklus karbon di alam. Di dalam dinding sel tanaman, xilan akan berinteraksi dengan lignin dan selulosa melalui ikatan nonkovalen membentuk struktur sel yang kuat.","translated_text":"Enzymes These hydrolysis enzymes produced by microorganisms play a key role in the degradation of plant biomass and the carbon cycle in nature. Within the cell walls of plants, xylan will interact with lignin and cellulose through noncovalent bonds forming a strong cell structure.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":294,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Xilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks polisakarida dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya.","translated_text":"Xylan belongs to the group of polysaccharide complexes with beta-1,4 xylopyranosyl bonds as its backbone.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":116,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Xilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks polisakarida dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya. Selain xilopiranosil, terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu arabinosil, glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, asetil, dan feruloil.","translated_text":"Xylan belongs to the group of polysaccharide complexes with beta-1,4 xylopyranosyl bonds as its backbone. In addition to xylopiranosyl, other compounds are available, such as arabinosyl, glucuronosyl, methylglukuronosyl, acetyl, and feruloil.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":253,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Xilan termasuk dalam golongan kompleks polisakarida dengan ikatan beta-1,4 xilopiranosil sebagai tulang punggungnya. Selain xilopiranosil, terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu arabinosil, glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, asetil, dan feruloil. Pada beberapa tanaman lain, seperti rumput laut, xilan dapat terbentuk dengan ikatan beta-1,3.","translated_text":"Xylan belongs to the group of polysaccharide complexes with beta-1,4 xylopyranosyl bonds as its backbone. In addition to xylopiranosyl, other compounds are available, such as arabinosyl, glucuronosyl, methylglukuronosyl, acetyl, and feruloil. In some other plants, such as seaweed, xylan can form by binding to beta-1,3.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Beg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS. 2001. Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol'' 56:326–338.</ref>","char_index":348,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain xilopiranosil, terdapat senyawa lain yang dapat dipakai, yaitu arabinosil, glukuronosil, metilglukuronosil, asetil, dan feruloil. Pada beberapa tanaman lain, seperti rumput laut, xilan dapat terbentuk dengan ikatan beta-1,3. Di samping itu, residu ramnosa dan galaktosa kadang dijumpai terikat pada molekul xilan.","translated_text":"In addition to xylopiranosyl, other compounds are available, such as arabinosyl, glucuronosyl, methylglukuronosyl, acetyl, and feruloil. In some other plants, such as seaweed, xylan can form by binding to beta-1,3. In addition, remnants of ramnose and galactose are sometimes found bound to xylan molecules.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Wong KKY, Tan LUL, Saddler JN. 1988. Multiplicity of 1,4-xylanase in micro-organisms: functions and applications. ''Microbiol Rev'' 52:305–317.</ref>","char_index":320,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Diperlukan beberapa jenis enzim hidrolisis untuk memecah struktur xilan.","translated_text":"Several types of hydrolysis enzymes are needed to break down the xylan structure.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 3:286–290.</ref>","char_index":72,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Diperlukan beberapa jenis enzim hidrolisis untuk memecah struktur xilan. Terdapat dua mekanisme pendegradasian xilan, yaitu dengan memutus ikatan pada rantai utamanya dan dengan memotong rantai sampingnya. Pemutusan rantai utama dapat dilakukan dengan enzim xilanase.","translated_text":"Several types of hydrolysis enzymes are needed to break down the xylan structure. There are two mechanisms for degrading xylanes, namely by breaking the bonds on its main chain and by cutting off its side chain. Major chain disruption can be performed with the enzyme xilanase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 76. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":267,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|image = [[Berkas:Ghezzal.jpg|200px|Abdelkader Ghezzal]]\n|playername = Abdelkader Ghezzal\n|fullname = Abdelkader Mohamed Ghezzal\n|dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1984|12|5}}\n|cityofbirth = [[Décines-Charpieu]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Prancis]]\n|height = {{height|m=1,83}}\n|position = [[Penyerang]]\n|         currentclub = [[Parma F.C.|Parma]]\n|          clubnumber = 5\n| youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–1998\n| youthclubs1 = Vaulx-en-Velin\n| youthyears2 = 1998–2002\n| youthclubs2 = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Olympique Lyon]]\n| youthyears3 = 2002–2004\n| youthclubs3 = Vaulx-en-Velin\n|years1   = 2004–2005     |clubs1   = [[AS Saint-Priest]] |caps1   = 22 |goals1   = 11\n|years2   = 2005–2008     |clubs2   = [[F.C. Crotone|Crotone]] |caps2   = 39 |goals2   = 20\n|years3   = 2006          |clubs3   = → [[A.S. Biellese 1902|Biellese]] (pinjaman) |caps3   = 12 |goals3   = 9\n|years4   = 2006–2007     |clubs4   = → [[A.C. Pro Sesto|Pro Sesto]] (pinjaman) |caps4   = 31 |goals4   = 9\n|years5   = 2008–2010     |clubs5   = [[A.C. Siena|Siena]] |caps5   = 66 |goals5   = 11\n|years6   = 2010–2013 |caps6   = 37 |goals6   = 4  |clubs6   = [[A.S. Bari|Bari]]\n|years7   = 2011–2012 |caps7   = 13 |goals7   = 0  |clubs7   = → [[A.C. Cesena|Cesena]] (pinjaman) \n|years8   = 2012      |caps8   = 16 |goals8   = 2  |clubs8   = → [[Levante UD|Levante]] (pinjaman)\n|years9   = 2013–     |caps9   = 8  |goals9   = 0  |clubs9   = [[Parma F.C.|Parma]]\n|years10  = 2013–2014 |caps10  = 25 |goals10  = 2  |clubs10   = → [[U.S. Latina Calcio|Latina]] (pinjaman)\n|nationalyears1   = 2008– |nationalteam1 = {{timnas|Aljazair}} |nationalcaps1   = 28 |nationalgoals1   = 3\n|pcupdate             = 1 April 2015\n|ntupdate             = 13 Mei 2012 (UTC)\n}}\n'''Abdelkader Ghezzal''' ({{lahirmati|[[Décines-Charpieu]], [[Prancis]]|5|12|1984}}) merupakan seorang pemain [[sepak bola]] [[Aljazair]] yang berposisi sebagai [[penyerang]]. Saat ini ia bermain untuk [[Parma F.C.|Parma]] di [[Italia]] dan untuk {{timnas|Aljazair|timnas Aljazair}}.\n\n== Karier ==\n=== Klub ===\nAbdelkader Ghezzal pernah bermain untuk [[AS Saint-Priest]] dan [[F.C. Crotone|Crotone]], serta dipinjamkan kepada [[A.S. Biellese 1902|Biellese]] dan [[A.C. Pro Sesto|Pro Sesto]], sebelum saat ini membela [[A.C. Siena|Siena]].\n\n=== Internasional ===\nAbdelkader Ghezzal telah bermain 17 kali untuk {{timnas|Aljazair|timnas Aljazair}} dan telah mencetak 3 gol. Ia turut membela Aljazair dalam [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]].\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commonscat}}\n* [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=305702/index.html Statistik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324024341/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=305702/index.html |date=2013-03-24 }} pada situs web resmi [[FIFA]].\n{{lifetime|1984||Ghezzal, Abdelkader}}\n{{Skuad timnas|Aljazair\n|list1=\n{{Skuad Piala Afrika 2010 Aljazair}}\n{{Skuad PD2010 Aljazair}}\n}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Aljazair]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Aljazair}}","hash":"1a03267a59fbb7b34c387d8a386636402a83d07c4e45d3eb2a93bd1203dcd782","last_revision":"2023-02-01T11:33:21Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:17:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.862801","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"عبد القادر غزال","azb":"عبد القادر غزال","ca":"Abdelkader Mohamed Ghezzal","de":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","en":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","es":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","fa":"عبدالقادر غزال","fi":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","fr":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","he":"עבד אל-קאדר גזאל","hu":"Abd el-Káder Gezál","it":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","ja":"アブデルカデル・ゲザル","ko":"압델카데르 게잘","la":"Abdelcader Ghezzal","lt":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","mg":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","mn":"Абделькадер Геззаль","mr":"अब्देलकादेर घेझ्झाल","nl":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","nb":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","pl":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","pt":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","ru":"Геззаль, Абделькадер","sv":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","tr":"Abdelkader Ghezzal","uk":"Абделькадер Геззаль","zh":"阿卜德卡德·格扎尔"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal () merupakan seorang pemain sepak bola Aljazair yang berposisi sebagai penyerang. Saat ini ia bermain untuk Parma di Italia dan untuk .\n\nAbdelkader Ghezzal pernah bermain untuk AS Saint-Priest dan Crotone, serta dipinjamkan kepada Biellese dan Pro Sesto, sebelum saat ini membela Siena.\n\nAbdelkader Ghezzal telah bermain 17 kali untuk dan telah mencetak 3 gol. Ia turut membela Aljazair dalam Piala Dunia FIFA 2010.\n\nStatistik pada situs web resmi FIFA.\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Aljazair Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|image = [[Berkas:Ghezzal.jpg|200px|Abdelkader Ghezzal]]\n|playername = Abdelkader Ghezzal\n|fullname = Abdelkader Mohamed Ghezzal\n|dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1984|12|5}}\n|cityofbirth = [[Décines-Charpieu]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Prancis]]\n|height = {{height|m=1,83}}\n|position = [[Penyerang]]\n|         currentclub = [[Parma F.C.|Parma]]\n|          clubnumber = 5\n| youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–1998\n| youthclubs1 = Vaulx-en-Velin\n| youthyears2 = 1998–2002\n| youthclubs2 = [[Olympique Lyonnais|Olympique Lyon]]\n| youthyears3 = 2002–2004\n| youthclubs3 = Vaulx-en-Velin\n|years1   = 2004–2005     |clubs1   = [[AS Saint-Priest]] |caps1   = 22 |goals1   = 11\n|years2   = 2005–2008     |clubs2   = [[F.C. Crotone|Crotone]] |caps2   = 39 |goals2   = 20\n|years3   = 2006          |clubs3   = → [[A.S. Biellese 1902|Biellese]] (pinjaman) |caps3   = 12 |goals3   = 9\n|years4   = 2006–2007     |clubs4   = → [[A.C. Pro Sesto|Pro Sesto]] (pinjaman) |caps4   = 31 |goals4   = 9\n|years5   = 2008–2010     |clubs5   = [[A.C. Siena|Siena]] |caps5   = 66 |goals5   = 11\n|years6   = 2010–2013 |caps6   = 37 |goals6   = 4  |clubs6   = [[A.S. Bari|Bari]]\n|years7   = 2011–2012 |caps7   = 13 |goals7   = 0  |clubs7   = → [[A.C. Cesena|Cesena]] (pinjaman) \n|years8   = 2012      |caps8   = 16 |goals8   = 2  |clubs8   = → [[Levante UD|Levante]] (pinjaman)\n|years9   = 2013–     |caps9   = 8  |goals9   = 0  |clubs9   = [[Parma F.C.|Parma]]\n|years10  = 2013–2014 |caps10  = 25 |goals10  = 2  |clubs10   = → [[U.S. Latina Calcio|Latina]] (pinjaman)\n|nationalyears1   = 2008– |nationalteam1 = {{timnas|Aljazair}} |nationalcaps1   = 28 |nationalgoals1   = 3\n|pcupdate             = 1 April 2015\n|ntupdate             = 13 Mei 2012 (UTC)\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal () merupakan seorang pemain sepak bola Aljazair yang berposisi sebagai penyerang.","translated_text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal () is an Algerian footballer who plays as a forward.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini ia bermain untuk Parma di Italia dan untuk .","translated_text":"Currently he plays for Parma in Italy and for.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Klub","translated_text":"The club","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal pernah bermain untuk AS Saint-Priest dan Crotone, serta dipinjamkan kepada Biellese dan Pro Sesto, sebelum saat ini membela Siena.","translated_text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal has played for U.S. Saint-Priest and Crotone, as well as loaned to Biellese and Pro Sesto, before currently defending Siena.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Internasional","translated_text":"Internationally","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal telah bermain 17 kali untuk dan telah mencetak 3 gol.","translated_text":"Abdelkader Ghezzal has played 17 times for and has scored 3 goals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia turut membela Aljazair dalam Piala Dunia FIFA 2010.","translated_text":"He also represented Algeria at the 2010 FIFA World Cup.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Statistik pada situs web resmi FIFA.","translated_text":"Statistics on the official website of FIFA.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324024341/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=305702/index.html |date=2013-03-24 }}","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130324024341/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=305702/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:19.271769-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Aljazair Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010","translated_text":": Algerian football player Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Statistik pada situs web resmi FIFA.","translated_text":"Statistics on the official website of FIFA.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324024341/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=305702/index.html |date=2013-03-24 }}","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130324024341/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=305702/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:19.271769-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Templat:Banjarsari, Surakarta","wikicode":"{{Navigasi ID Desa\n|provinsi   = Jawa Tengah\n|dati2      = Kota\n|nama dati2 = Surakarta\n|kecamatan  = Banjarsari\n|k1  = Banjarsari\n|k2  = Banyuanyar\n|k3  = Gilingan\n|k4  = Joglo\n|k5  = Kadipiro\n|k6  = Keprabon\n|k7  = Kestalan\n|k8  = Ketelan\n|k9  = Manahan\n|k10 = Mangkubumen\n|k11 = Nusukan\n|k12 = Punggawan\n|k13 = Setabelan\n|k14 = Sumber\n|k15 = Timuran\n}}<noinclude>\n{{RefDagri|2019}}\n{{Collapsible option}}\n[[Kategori:Templat desa/kelurahan di Kota Surakarta|Banjarsari]]\n[[Kategori:Banjarsari, Surakarta|τ]]</noinclude>","hash":"fc092f64eb903b9b4fedb72c6484d1fcd2295ceb7e2d6a90bdf240e8643dc281","last_revision":"2020-12-09T10:39:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:20:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.936146","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Mal:Banjarsari, Surakarta"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Banjarsari τ\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Banjarsari τ","translated_text":"Banjarsari τ","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Shuri, Okinawa","wikicode":"{{nihongo|'''Shuri'''|首里}} adalah sebuah distrik di [[Naha]], [[Okinawa]], [[Jepang]]. Dulunya Shuri adalah kota yang pernah dijadikan ibu kota [[Kerajaan Ryukyu]]. Di distrik ini terdapat situs-situs bersejarah seperti [[Istana Shuri]], gerbang [[Shureimon]], [[Taman Shikina]], kuil suci [[agama asli Ryukyu]] [[Sunuhyan-utaki]], dan makam kerajaan [[Tamaudun]] yang telah ditetapkan [[UNESCO]] sebagai [[Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO|Situs Warisan Dunia]].\n\nShuri berkembang sebagai [[kota istana|kota di sekeliling istana]], dan tidak lagi berfungsi sebagai ibu kota ketika Kerajaan Ryukyu dihapus dan dijadikan [[Prefektur Okinawa]]. Pada tahun [[1896]], Shuri dijadikan sebagai salah satu distrik (''-ku'') di [[Naha]] ibu kota prefektur yang baru. Shuri kembali dijadikan sebuah kota terpisah pada tahun 1921 hingga digabung kembali dengan Naha pada tahun 1954.<ref>\"Shuri.\" ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, \"Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia\"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41685-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 Maret 2003. Diakses 8 Januari 2009.</ref>\n\n== Sejarah ==\n=== Abad pertengahan hingga awal zaman modern ===\n[[Istana Shuri]] pertama kali dibangun pada masa pemerintahan Raja [[Shunbajunki]] yang bertahta di [[Istana Urasoe]] yang bertetangga.<ref name=Kerr50>[[George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]] (2000). ''[[Okinawa: the History of an Island People]]''. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing. p.50.</ref> Masa pemerintahan Shunbajunki (1237-1248) berlangsung seabad sebelum [[Kepulauan Okinawa]] terbagi menjadi [[zaman Sanzan|tiga kerajaan]] terpisah ([[Hokuzan]], [[Nanzan]], dan [[Chūzan]]) atau dua abad sebelum ketiga kerajaan tersebut dipersatukan sebagai Kerajaan Ryukyu. Ketika Istana Shuri dibangun, Ryukyu belum memiliki kerajaan yang bersatu. Pemerintahan dipegang oleh berbagai pemimpin lokal yang disebut ''[[anji (Ryukyu)|anji]]'' yang setia kepada ''anji'' kepala yang berkedudukan di Urasoe.<ref>Kerr. p52.</ref>\n\nSejarawan [[George H. Kerr]] menggambarkan Istana Shuri sebagai \"satu dari istana paling menakjubkan di dunia, dari istana dapat dilihat daerah pedesaan hingga bermil-mil jauhnya, dan pemandangan laut yang luas dari segala sudut.<ref name=Kerr50/>.\"\n\nPada tahun 1266, [[upeti]] dibayarkan ke kerajaan di Okinawa oleh penduduk dari pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, [[Iheya, Okinawa|Iheya]], [[Kumejima Island|Kumejima]], dan [[Kerama Islands|Kerama]], hingga [[Kepulauan Amami]] yang jauh letaknya dari Okinawa. Kantor pemerintah untuk menangani kiriman upeti didirikan di Pelabuhan [[Tomari, Okinawa|Tomari]] yang berada tepat di sebelah utara istana.<ref>Kerr. p51.</ref>\n\n[[Shō Hashi]] (1422-1439), raja pertama Kerajaan Ryukyu Bersatu menjadikan Shuri sebagai ibu kota, dan mengatur perluasan istana dan ibu kota.<ref>Kerr. p85.</ref> Shuri berperan sebagai ibu kota sekitar 550 tahun lamanya. Istana Shuri terbakar habis sewaktu terjadi perselisihan suksesi pada tahun 1450-an,<ref>Kerr. p97.</ref> tetapi dibangun kembali. Istana dan kota Shuri kembali dipercantik dan diperluas pada masa pemerintahan Raja [[Shō Shin]] (1477-1526). Selain membangun pilar naga dari batu dan berbagai ornamen istana lainnya, Shō Shin juga memerintahkan pembangunan kuil Buddha [[Enkaku-ji (Okinawa)|Enkaku-ji]] di kompleks istana pada tahun 1492. Kuil [[Sōgen-ji]] yang berada di jalan menuju Naha juga diperluas. Pembangunan mausoleum [[Tamaudun]] diselesaikan pada tahun 1501, dan tempat ini kemudian dijadikan makam kerajaan Ryukyu.<ref>Kerr. p109.</ref>\n\nSepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern,<ref>Sekitar tahun 1314-1609 dan 1609-1879.</ref> sebagian besar penduduk Shuri adalah orang-orang yang memiliki hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan istana kerajaan. Naha waktu itu berperan sebagai pusat ekonomi Kerajaan Ryukyu sementara Shuri adalah pusat pemerintahan. Bertempat tinggal di Shuri dipandang sebagai suatu hal yang prestisius hingga awal abad ke-20.<ref>Kerr. p114.</ref>\n\nKekuatan militer Jepang dari [[Domain Satsuma]] berhasil merebut Istana Shuri pada 5 April 1609.<ref>Kerr. p.159.</ref> Namun tidak lama kemudian samurai dari Domain Satsuma ditarik mundur, dan tahta Raja [[Shō Nei]] dipulihkan. Istana dan kota Shuri lalu dikembalikan kepada rakyat Okinawa. Namun Kerajaan Okinawa dijadikan negara [[vasal]] di bawah Domain Satsuma, dan tetap merupakan daerah taklukan Satsuma selama sekitar 250 tahun. Ketika tiba di Okinawa pada tahun 1850-an, [[Matthew C. Perry|Komodor Perry]] memaksa untuk masuk ke Istana Shuri dalam dua kesempatan terpisah, tetapi permintaannya untuk bertemu raja selalu ditolak.<ref>Kerr. pp315-317, 328.</ref>\n\n=== Kekuasaan Kekaisaran Jepang ===\nKerajaan Ryukyu secara resmi dibubarkan pada 27 Maret 1879 ketika tentara Kekaisaran Jepang di bawah pimpinan [[Matsuda Michiyuki]] memasuki istana dan menyampaikan surat-surat resmi dari [[Pangeran Nakijin]] berisi keputusan pemerintah pusat. Raja [[Shō Tai]] dan para pejabat istana diusir dari istana yang segera diduduki garnisun Jepang. Gerbang utama lalu disegel.<ref>Kerr. p381.</ref> Istana berikut bangunan-bangunan rumah tinggal kalangan bangsawan akhirnya rusak berat sejalan dengan berakhirnya kehidupan aristokrat di Shuri. Uang pensiun para bangsawan diciutkan atau dihapus, dan hilang pula penghasilan bangsawan dari uang sewa tanah di pedesaan. Pelayan-pelayan dipecat dan bangsawan Shuri banyak yang pindah ke tempat lain, termasuk mencari pekerjaan di Naha, di pedesaan, atau merantau ke pulau-pulau utama di Jepang.<ref name=Kerr1879>Kerr. pp394-395.</ref>\n\nCatatan sensus dari 1875-1879 menunjukkan bahwa hampir setengah dari populasi Kepulauan Okinawa tinggal di kawasan Naha-Shuri. Walaupun total rumah tangga di Shuri lebih sedikit dibandingkan di Naha, tetapi jumlah anggota keluarga dalam satu rumah tangga lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga di Naha. Total bangsawan di seluruh Kepulauan Ryukyu ada sekitar 330.000 orang, tetapi sebagian besar dari mereka tinggal di Shuri atau daerah sekelilingnya. Pada waktu itu, Shuri ditinggali oleh hampir 95.000 penduduk (22.500 rumah tangga) yang berasal kalangan bangsawan. Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan kota Naha, penduduk Shuri terus berkurang dan peran Shuri semakin memudar.<ref name=Kerr1879/>\n\nTekanan-tekanan kepada pemerintah untuk merenovasi, melestarikan, dan melindungi situs bersejarah di Shuri dimulai paling tidak pada tahun 1910-an, dan Istana Shuri ditetapkan sebagai [[Harta Nasional Jepang]] pada tahun 1928. Sebuah rencana empat tahun dibuat untuk merestorasi bangunan istana. Monumen-monumen bersejarah lainnya juga ikut dilindungi tidak lama kemudian.<ref>Kerr. pp455-456.</ref>\n\nMeskipun garnisun Jepang yang awalnya menduduki Istana Shuri pada tahun 1879 sudah ditarik mundur pada tahun 1896,<ref>Kerr. p460.</ref> istana dan serangkaian terowongan dan gua di bawahnya dijadikan markas besar angkatan bersenjata Jepang di Okinawa selama [[Perang Dunia II]]. Serangan udara Sekutu yang pertama terhadap Kota Shuri terjadi pada bulan Oktober 1944. Persiapan dan organisasi warga sipil dalam menghadapi serangan udara sangat tidak memadai. Para birokrat yang sebagian besar berasal dari prefektur lain di Jepang sangat terikat kepada perintah militer. Usaha mereka tidak cukup untuk melindungi warga sipil, rumah-rumah penduduk, sekolah, atau monumen sejarah. Warga sipil dibiarkan berusaha sendiri untuk menyelamatkan dan melindungi diri, keluarga, dan harta benda milik keluarga.<ref name=Kerr467>Kerr. pp467-468.</ref>\n\nWali resmi harta keluarga Kerajaan Ryukyu kembali ke rumah-rumah mereka di Shuri pada bulan Maret 1945, dan berusaha menyelamatkan sejumlah besar harta-harta kerajaan. Di antaranya terdapat mahkota yang diberikan oleh Kekaisaran Cina dan potret-potret resmi kerajaan. Sebagian dari harta benda tersebut disimpan di lemari besi, tetapi sebagian lagi hanya dikubur di tanah atau di sana-sini di bawah antara pepohonan di sekitar Shuri. Rumah-rumah bangsawan di Shuri terbakar habis akibat kebakaran pada 6 April 1945, sementara pengawal orang Okinawa yang ditunjuk oleh wali kerajaan diusir setelah kedatangan tentara Jepang yang mengamankan wilayah tersebut.<ref name=Kerr467/>\n\nSebagai markas tentara Jepang, Shuri yang dijadikan target utama serangan Amerika dalam [[Pertempuran Okinawa]] yang berlangsung dari Maret hingga Juni 1945. Istana Shuri dibuat rata dengan tanah oleh bombardemen kapal perang [[USS Mississippi (BB-41)|USS ''Mississippi'']] yang juga mengakibatkan sebagian besar kota terbakar dan hancur selama pertempuran.<ref>Kerr. pp469-470.</ref>\n\n=== Seusai Perang Dunia II ===\nKota Shuri ini dibangun kembali setelah perang. Di lokasi bekas Istana Shuri dibangun kampus [[Universitas Ryukyu]] pada tahun 1950 hingga kampus dipindah, dan sekarang berada di [[Ginowan]] dan [[Nakagusuku, Okinawa|Nakagusuku]]. Tembok-tembok istana dibangun kembali tidak lama setelah perang berakhir. Rekonstruksi aula utama istana (''Seiden'') selesai pada tahun 1992 untuk memperingati 20 tahun berakhirnya [[Pemerintah Sipil Amerika Serikat di Kepulauan Ryukyu|pendudukan Amerika Serikat]] di Okinawa.<ref>Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). ''Okinawa Chanpuru Jiten'' (沖縄チャンプルー事典, \"Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia\"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers, 2003. p54.</ref>\n\n== Transportasi ==\n[[Stasiun Gibo]] dan [[Stasiun Shuri]] yang dilayani [[Okinawa Monorail]] berada di dalam wilayah distrik Shuri. Istana Shuri, Tamaudun, dan situs-situs utama lainnya berada di tempat yang berdekatan dari Stasiun Shuri yang sekarang merupakan stasiun paling ujung dari jalur monorel di Naha.<ref>\"[http://www.japanupdate.com/?id=8125 Route disagreements postpone monorail extension decisions].\" ''[[Weekly Japan Update]]''. 9 November 2007. Diakses pada 8 Januari 2009.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e7103.html www.japan-guide.com Istana Shuri]\n* {{en}} [http://www.naha-navi.or.jp/www1/htdocs/main/travel/en/area/syuri/index.html situs resmi Asosiasi Pariwisata Naha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806011713/http://www.naha-navi.or.jp/www1/htdocs/main/travel/en/area/syuri/index.html |date=2009-08-06 }}\n\n{{coord|26.217007|N|127.719423|E|display=title}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Prefektur Okinawa]]","hash":"c1659919a645fc2d86b9b7beefc4791d95de42673d044281f5401c88b677fde4","last_revision":"2021-08-06T07:42:24Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:26:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:46.989662","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"شوري (أوكيناوا)","ca":"Shuri","de":"Shuri (Okinawa)","en":"Shuri, Okinawa","es":"Shuri","fr":"Shuri","it":"Shuri","ja":"首里","ko":"슈리 (오키나와현)","pl":"Shuri (Okinawa)","pt":"Shuri","ru":"Сюри","simple":"Shuri","zh":"首里","zh-min-nan":"Siú-lí","zh-yue":"首里"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"adalah sebuah distrik di Naha, Okinawa, Jepang. Dulunya Shuri adalah kota yang pernah dijadikan ibu kota Kerajaan Ryukyu. Di distrik ini terdapat situs-situs bersejarah seperti Istana Shuri, gerbang Shureimon, Taman Shikina, kuil suci agama asli Ryukyu Sunuhyan-utaki, dan makam kerajaan Tamaudun yang telah ditetapkan UNESCO sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia.\n\nShuri berkembang sebagai kota di sekeliling istana, dan tidak lagi berfungsi sebagai ibu kota ketika Kerajaan Ryukyu dihapus dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa. Pada tahun 1896, Shuri dijadikan sebagai salah satu distrik (-ku) di Naha ibu kota prefektur yang baru. Shuri kembali dijadikan sebuah kota terpisah pada tahun 1921 hingga digabung kembali dengan Naha pada tahun 1954.\n\nIstana Shuri pertama kali dibangun pada masa pemerintahan Raja Shunbajunki yang bertahta di Istana Urasoe yang bertetangga. Masa pemerintahan Shunbajunki (1237-1248) berlangsung seabad sebelum Kepulauan Okinawa terbagi menjadi tiga kerajaan terpisah (Hokuzan, Nanzan, dan Chūzan) atau dua abad sebelum ketiga kerajaan tersebut dipersatukan sebagai Kerajaan Ryukyu. Ketika Istana Shuri dibangun, Ryukyu belum memiliki kerajaan yang bersatu. Pemerintahan dipegang oleh berbagai pemimpin lokal yang disebut anji yang setia kepada anji kepala yang berkedudukan di Urasoe.\n\nSejarawan George H. Kerr menggambarkan Istana Shuri sebagai \"satu dari istana paling menakjubkan di dunia, dari istana dapat dilihat daerah pedesaan hingga bermil-mil jauhnya, dan pemandangan laut yang luas dari segala sudut..\"\n\nPada tahun 1266, upeti dibayarkan ke kerajaan di Okinawa oleh penduduk dari pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, Iheya, Kumejima, dan Kerama, hingga Kepulauan Amami yang jauh letaknya dari Okinawa. Kantor pemerintah untuk menangani kiriman upeti didirikan di Pelabuhan Tomari yang berada tepat di sebelah utara istana.\n\nShō Hashi (1422-1439), raja pertama Kerajaan Ryukyu Bersatu menjadikan Shuri sebagai ibu kota, dan mengatur perluasan istana dan ibu kota. Shuri berperan sebagai ibu kota sekitar 550 tahun lamanya. Istana Shuri terbakar habis sewaktu terjadi perselisihan suksesi pada tahun 1450-an, tetapi dibangun kembali. Istana dan kota Shuri kembali dipercantik dan diperluas pada masa pemerintahan Raja Shō Shin (1477-1526). Selain membangun pilar naga dari batu dan berbagai ornamen istana lainnya, Shō Shin juga memerintahkan pembangunan kuil Buddha Enkaku-ji di kompleks istana pada tahun 1492. Kuil Sōgen-ji yang berada di jalan menuju Naha juga diperluas. Pembangunan mausoleum Tamaudun diselesaikan pada tahun 1501, dan tempat ini kemudian dijadikan makam kerajaan Ryukyu.\n\nSepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, sebagian besar penduduk Shuri adalah orang-orang yang memiliki hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan istana kerajaan. Naha waktu itu berperan sebagai pusat ekonomi Kerajaan Ryukyu sementara Shuri adalah pusat pemerintahan. Bertempat tinggal di Shuri dipandang sebagai suatu hal yang prestisius hingga awal abad ke-20.\n\nKekuatan militer Jepang dari Domain Satsuma berhasil merebut Istana Shuri pada 5 April 1609. Namun tidak lama kemudian samurai dari Domain Satsuma ditarik mundur, dan tahta Raja Shō Nei dipulihkan. Istana dan kota Shuri lalu dikembalikan kepada rakyat Okinawa. Namun Kerajaan Okinawa dijadikan negara vasal di bawah Domain Satsuma, dan tetap merupakan daerah taklukan Satsuma selama sekitar 250 tahun. Ketika tiba di Okinawa pada tahun 1850-an, Komodor Perry memaksa untuk masuk ke Istana Shuri dalam dua kesempatan terpisah, tetapi permintaannya untuk bertemu raja selalu ditolak.\n\nKerajaan Ryukyu secara resmi dibubarkan pada 27 Maret 1879 ketika tentara Kekaisaran Jepang di bawah pimpinan Matsuda Michiyuki memasuki istana dan menyampaikan surat-surat resmi dari Pangeran Nakijin berisi keputusan pemerintah pusat. Raja Shō Tai dan para pejabat istana diusir dari istana yang segera diduduki garnisun Jepang. Gerbang utama lalu disegel. Istana berikut bangunan-bangunan rumah tinggal kalangan bangsawan akhirnya rusak berat sejalan dengan berakhirnya kehidupan aristokrat di Shuri. Uang pensiun para bangsawan diciutkan atau dihapus, dan hilang pula penghasilan bangsawan dari uang sewa tanah di pedesaan. Pelayan-pelayan dipecat dan bangsawan Shuri banyak yang pindah ke tempat lain, termasuk mencari pekerjaan di Naha, di pedesaan, atau merantau ke pulau-pulau utama di Jepang.\n\nCatatan sensus dari 1875-1879 menunjukkan bahwa hampir setengah dari populasi Kepulauan Okinawa tinggal di kawasan Naha-Shuri. Walaupun total rumah tangga di Shuri lebih sedikit dibandingkan di Naha, tetapi jumlah anggota keluarga dalam satu rumah tangga lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga di Naha. Total bangsawan di seluruh Kepulauan Ryukyu ada sekitar 330.000 orang, tetapi sebagian besar dari mereka tinggal di Shuri atau daerah sekelilingnya. Pada waktu itu, Shuri ditinggali oleh hampir 95.000 penduduk (22.500 rumah tangga) yang berasal kalangan bangsawan. Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan kota Naha, penduduk Shuri terus berkurang dan peran Shuri semakin memudar.\n\nTekanan-tekanan kepada pemerintah untuk merenovasi, melestarikan, dan melindungi situs bersejarah di Shuri dimulai paling tidak pada tahun 1910-an, dan Istana Shuri ditetapkan sebagai Harta Nasional Jepang pada tahun 1928. Sebuah rencana empat tahun dibuat untuk merestorasi bangunan istana. Monumen-monumen bersejarah lainnya juga ikut dilindungi tidak lama kemudian.\n\nMeskipun garnisun Jepang yang awalnya menduduki Istana Shuri pada tahun 1879 sudah ditarik mundur pada tahun 1896, istana dan serangkaian terowongan dan gua di bawahnya dijadikan markas besar angkatan bersenjata Jepang di Okinawa selama Perang Dunia II. Serangan udara Sekutu yang pertama terhadap Kota Shuri terjadi pada bulan Oktober 1944. Persiapan dan organisasi warga sipil dalam menghadapi serangan udara sangat tidak memadai. Para birokrat yang sebagian besar berasal dari prefektur lain di Jepang sangat terikat kepada perintah militer. Usaha mereka tidak cukup untuk melindungi warga sipil, rumah-rumah penduduk, sekolah, atau monumen sejarah. Warga sipil dibiarkan berusaha sendiri untuk menyelamatkan dan melindungi diri, keluarga, dan harta benda milik keluarga.\n\nWali resmi harta keluarga Kerajaan Ryukyu kembali ke rumah-rumah mereka di Shuri pada bulan Maret 1945, dan berusaha menyelamatkan sejumlah besar harta-harta kerajaan. Di antaranya terdapat mahkota yang diberikan oleh Kekaisaran Cina dan potret-potret resmi kerajaan. Sebagian dari harta benda tersebut disimpan di lemari besi, tetapi sebagian lagi hanya dikubur di tanah atau di sana-sini di bawah antara pepohonan di sekitar Shuri. Rumah-rumah bangsawan di Shuri terbakar habis akibat kebakaran pada 6 April 1945, sementara pengawal orang Okinawa yang ditunjuk oleh wali kerajaan diusir setelah kedatangan tentara Jepang yang mengamankan wilayah tersebut.\n\nSebagai markas tentara Jepang, Shuri yang dijadikan target utama serangan Amerika dalam Pertempuran Okinawa yang berlangsung dari Maret hingga Juni 1945. Istana Shuri dibuat rata dengan tanah oleh bombardemen kapal perang USS Mississippi yang juga mengakibatkan sebagian besar kota terbakar dan hancur selama pertempuran.\n\nKota Shuri ini dibangun kembali setelah perang. Di lokasi bekas Istana Shuri dibangun kampus Universitas Ryukyu pada tahun 1950 hingga kampus dipindah, dan sekarang berada di Ginowan dan Nakagusuku. Tembok-tembok istana dibangun kembali tidak lama setelah perang berakhir. Rekonstruksi aula utama istana (Seiden) selesai pada tahun 1992 untuk memperingati 20 tahun berakhirnya pendudukan Amerika Serikat di Okinawa.\n\nStasiun Gibo dan Stasiun Shuri yang dilayani Okinawa Monorail berada di dalam wilayah distrik Shuri. Istana Shuri, Tamaudun, dan situs-situs utama lainnya berada di tempat yang berdekatan dari Stasiun Shuri yang sekarang merupakan stasiun paling ujung dari jalur monorel di Naha.\n\nwww.japan-guide.com Istana Shuri situs resmi Asosiasi Pariwisata Naha\n\nKategori:Kota di Prefektur Okinawa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"adalah sebuah distrik di Naha, Okinawa, Jepang.","translated_text":"is a district in Naha, Okinawa, Japan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dulunya Shuri adalah kota yang pernah dijadikan ibu kota Kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"Shuri was once the capital of the Ryukyu Kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di distrik ini terdapat situs-situs bersejarah seperti Istana Shuri, gerbang Shureimon, Taman Shikina, kuil suci agama asli Ryukyu Sunuhyan-utaki, dan makam kerajaan Tamaudun yang telah ditetapkan UNESCO sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia.","translated_text":"The district is home to historical sites such as the Shuri Palace, the Shureimon Gate, the Shikina Park, the original religious shrine of Ryukyu Sunuhyan-utaki, and the Tamaudun royal tomb that has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Shuri berkembang sebagai kota di sekeliling istana, dan tidak lagi berfungsi sebagai ibu kota ketika Kerajaan Ryukyu dihapus dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa.","translated_text":"Shuri developed as a city around the palace, and ceased to serve as the capital when the Ryukyu Kingdom was abolished and made Okinawa Prefecture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1896, Shuri dijadikan sebagai salah satu distrik (-ku) di Naha ibu kota prefektur yang baru.","translated_text":"In 1896, Shuri was made one of the districts of the new prefecture capital Naha.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Shuri kembali dijadikan sebuah kota terpisah pada tahun 1921 hingga digabung kembali dengan Naha pada tahun 1954.","translated_text":"Shuri was again made a separate city in 1921 until it was reincorporated into Naha in 1954.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>\"Shuri.\" ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, \"Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia\"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41685-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 Maret 2003. Diakses 8 Januari 2009.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":"http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41685-storytopic-121.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":66843,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:19.343353-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Abad pertengahan hingga awal zaman modern","translated_text":"Medieval to early modern times","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Istana Shuri pertama kali dibangun pada masa pemerintahan Raja Shunbajunki yang bertahta di Istana Urasoe yang bertetangga.","translated_text":"Shuri Palace was first built during the reign of King Shunbajunki who was crowned at the neighboring Urasoe Palace.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr50>[[George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]] (2000). ''[[Okinawa: the History of an Island People]]''. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing. p.50.</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"Kerr50","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa pemerintahan Shunbajunki (1237-1248) berlangsung seabad sebelum Kepulauan Okinawa terbagi menjadi tiga kerajaan terpisah (Hokuzan, Nanzan, dan Chūzan) atau dua abad sebelum ketiga kerajaan tersebut dipersatukan sebagai Kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"Shunbajunki's reign (1237-1248) lasted a century before the Okinawa Islands were divided into three separate kingdoms (Hokuzan, Nanzan, and Chūzan) or two centuries before the three kingdoms were united as the Ryukyu Kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika Istana Shuri dibangun, Ryukyu belum memiliki kerajaan yang bersatu.","translated_text":"When the Shuri Palace was built, Ryukyu did not yet have a united kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemerintahan dipegang oleh berbagai pemimpin lokal yang disebut anji yang setia kepada anji kepala yang berkedudukan di Urasoe.","translated_text":"Government was held by various local leaders called anji who were loyal to the chief anji who held office in Urasoe.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p52.</ref>","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejarawan George H. Kerr menggambarkan Istana Shuri sebagai \"satu dari istana paling menakjubkan di dunia, dari istana dapat dilihat daerah pedesaan hingga bermil-mil jauhnya, dan pemandangan laut yang luas dari segala sudut..\"","translated_text":"Historian George H. Kerr describes Shuri Palace as \"one of the most spectacular palaces in the world, with views of the countryside from miles away, and wide sea views from every angle\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr50>[[George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]] (2000). ''[[Okinawa: the History of an Island People]]''. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing. p.50.</ref>","char_index":225,"name":"Kerr50","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1266, upeti dibayarkan ke kerajaan di Okinawa oleh penduduk dari pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, Iheya, Kumejima, dan Kerama, hingga Kepulauan Amami yang jauh letaknya dari Okinawa.","translated_text":"In 1266, tribute was paid to the kingdom in Okinawa by residents from the nearby islands, Iheya, Kumejima, and Kerama, to the remote Amami Islands of Okinawa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kantor pemerintah untuk menangani kiriman upeti didirikan di Pelabuhan Tomari yang berada tepat di sebelah utara istana.","translated_text":"A government office to handle the shipment of tribute was established at Tomari Port which is just north of the palace.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p51.</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Shō Hashi (1422-1439), raja pertama Kerajaan Ryukyu Bersatu menjadikan Shuri sebagai ibu kota, dan mengatur perluasan istana dan ibu kota.","translated_text":"Shō Hashi (1422-1439), the first king of the Ryukyu United Kingdom made Shuri the capital, and arranged for the expansion of the palace and capital.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p85.</ref>","char_index":138,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Shuri berperan sebagai ibu kota sekitar 550 tahun lamanya.","translated_text":"Shuri served as the capital for about 550 years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istana Shuri terbakar habis sewaktu terjadi perselisihan suksesi pada tahun 1450-an, tetapi dibangun kembali.","translated_text":"The Shuri Palace burned to the ground during a succession dispute in the 1450s, but was rebuilt.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p97.</ref>","char_index":84,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istana dan kota Shuri kembali dipercantik dan diperluas pada masa pemerintahan Raja Shō Shin (1477-1526).","translated_text":"Shuri's palace and city were redecorated and expanded during the reign of King Shō Shin (1477-1526).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain membangun pilar naga dari batu dan berbagai ornamen istana lainnya, Shō Shin juga memerintahkan pembangunan kuil Buddha Enkaku-ji di kompleks istana pada tahun 1492.","translated_text":"In addition to building dragon pillars of stone and various other palace ornaments, Shō Shin also ordered the construction of the Enkaku-ji Buddhist temple in the palace complex in 1492.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kuil Sōgen-ji yang berada di jalan menuju Naha juga diperluas.","translated_text":"Sōgen-ji's temple on the way to Naha was also expanded.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pembangunan mausoleum Tamaudun diselesaikan pada tahun 1501, dan tempat ini kemudian dijadikan makam kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"The construction of the Tamaudun mausoleum was completed in 1501, and the site was later made the tomb of the Ryukyu kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p109.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, sebagian besar penduduk Shuri adalah orang-orang yang memiliki hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan istana kerajaan.","translated_text":"Throughout the Middle Ages and early modern times, most of the residents of Shuri were people who had direct or indirect ties to the royal palace.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Sekitar tahun 1314-1609 dan 1609-1879.</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Naha waktu itu berperan sebagai pusat ekonomi Kerajaan Ryukyu sementara Shuri adalah pusat pemerintahan.","translated_text":"Naha served as the economic center of the Ryukyu Kingdom while Shuri was the center of government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bertempat tinggal di Shuri dipandang sebagai suatu hal yang prestisius hingga awal abad ke-20.","translated_text":"Residing in Shuri was seen as prestigious until the early 20th century.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p114.</ref>","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekuatan militer Jepang dari Domain Satsuma berhasil merebut Istana Shuri pada 5 April 1609.","translated_text":"Japanese military forces from the Satsuma Domain succeeded in capturing the Shuri Palace on April 5, 1609.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p.159.</ref>","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun tidak lama kemudian samurai dari Domain Satsuma ditarik mundur, dan tahta Raja Shō Nei dipulihkan.","translated_text":"But soon afterwards the samurai of the Satsuma Domain were withdrawn, and the throne of King Shō Nei was restored.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istana dan kota Shuri lalu dikembalikan kepada rakyat Okinawa.","translated_text":"Shuri's palace and city were then returned to the people of Okinawa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun Kerajaan Okinawa dijadikan negara vasal di bawah Domain Satsuma, dan tetap merupakan daerah taklukan Satsuma selama sekitar 250 tahun.","translated_text":"However, the Kingdom of Okinawa was made a vassal state under the Satsuma Domain, and remained a territory of Satsuma conquest for about 250 years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika tiba di Okinawa pada tahun 1850-an, Komodor Perry memaksa untuk masuk ke Istana Shuri dalam dua kesempatan terpisah, tetapi permintaannya untuk bertemu raja selalu ditolak.","translated_text":"Upon arriving in Okinawa in the 1850s, Commodore Perry was forced to enter the Shuri Palace on two separate occasions, but his request to meet the king was always denied.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. pp315-317, 328.</ref>","char_index":179,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kekuasaan Kekaisaran Jepang","translated_text":"The power of the Japanese Empire","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kerajaan Ryukyu secara resmi dibubarkan pada 27 Maret 1879 ketika tentara Kekaisaran Jepang di bawah pimpinan Matsuda Michiyuki memasuki istana dan menyampaikan surat-surat resmi dari Pangeran Nakijin berisi keputusan pemerintah pusat.","translated_text":"The Ryukyu Kingdom was officially dissolved on 27 March 1879 when the Imperial Japanese army under Matsuda Michiyuki entered the palace and delivered official letters from Prince Nakijin containing the decisions of the central government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Raja Shō Tai dan para pejabat istana diusir dari istana yang segera diduduki garnisun Jepang.","translated_text":"King Shō Tai and the court officials were expelled from the palace which was soon occupied by the Japanese garrison.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gerbang utama lalu disegel.","translated_text":"The main gate then sealed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p381.</ref>","char_index":27,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istana berikut bangunan-bangunan rumah tinggal kalangan bangsawan akhirnya rusak berat sejalan dengan berakhirnya kehidupan aristokrat di Shuri.","translated_text":"The palace following the buildings of the houses of the nobility were eventually severely damaged in line with the end of aristocratic life in Shuri.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uang pensiun para bangsawan diciutkan atau dihapus, dan hilang pula penghasilan bangsawan dari uang sewa tanah di pedesaan.","translated_text":"The pension of the nobles was withdrawn or removed, and the income of the nobles from the rent of land in the countryside was lost.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pelayan","translated_text":"The waiter","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-pelayan dipecat dan bangsawan Shuri banyak yang pindah ke tempat lain, termasuk mencari pekerjaan di Naha, di pedesaan, atau merantau ke pulau-pulau utama di Jepang.","translated_text":"- slaves were fired and many Shuri nobles moved elsewhere, including looking for work in Naha, in the countryside, or roaming the main islands of Japan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr1879>Kerr. pp394-395.</ref>","char_index":166,"name":"Kerr1879","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Catatan sensus dari 1875-1879 menunjukkan bahwa hampir setengah dari populasi Kepulauan Okinawa tinggal di kawasan Naha-Shuri.","translated_text":"Census records from 1875-1879 show that nearly half of the population of the Okinawa Islands lived in the Naha-Shuri region.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun total rumah tangga di Shuri lebih sedikit dibandingkan di Naha, tetapi jumlah anggota keluarga dalam satu rumah tangga lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga di Naha.","translated_text":"Although the total number of households in Shuri is less than in Naha, the number of family members in one household is higher than in Naha.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Total bangsawan di seluruh Kepulauan Ryukyu ada sekitar 330.000 orang, tetapi sebagian besar dari mereka tinggal di Shuri atau daerah sekelilingnya.","translated_text":"The total number of nobles throughout the Ryukyu Islands is about 330,000, but most of them live in Shuri or the surrounding area.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada waktu itu, Shuri ditinggali oleh hampir 95.000 penduduk (22.500 rumah tangga) yang berasal kalangan bangsawan.","translated_text":"At that time, Shuri was inhabited by nearly 95,000 inhabitants (22,500 households) who came from the nobility.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan kota Naha, penduduk Shuri terus berkurang dan peran Shuri semakin memudar.","translated_text":"In line with Naha's growth, the population of the Shuri continued to decline and the role of the Shuri declined.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr1879>Kerr. pp394-395.</ref>","char_index":101,"name":"Kerr1879","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tekanan-tekanan kepada pemerintah untuk merenovasi, melestarikan, dan melindungi situs bersejarah di Shuri dimulai paling tidak pada tahun 1910-an, dan Istana Shuri ditetapkan sebagai Harta Nasional Jepang pada tahun 1928.","translated_text":"Pressures on the government to renovate, preserve, and protect historic sites in Shuri began at least in the 1910s, and the Shuri Palace was designated a National Treasure of Japan in 1928.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah rencana empat tahun dibuat untuk merestorasi bangunan istana.","translated_text":"A four-year plan was made to restore the palace building.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Monumen-monumen bersejarah lainnya juga ikut dilindungi tidak lama kemudian.","translated_text":"Other historical monuments also joined the protection soon after.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. pp455-456.</ref>","char_index":76,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meskipun garnisun Jepang yang awalnya menduduki Istana Shuri pada tahun 1879 sudah ditarik mundur pada tahun 1896, istana dan serangkaian terowongan dan gua di bawahnya dijadikan markas besar angkatan bersenjata Jepang di Okinawa selama Perang Dunia II.","translated_text":"Although the Japanese garrison that originally occupied Shuri Castle in 1879 had been withdrawn in 1896, the palace and a series of tunnels and caves underneath it served as the headquarters of the Japanese armed forces in Okinawa during World War II.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p460.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Serangan udara Sekutu yang pertama terhadap Kota Shuri terjadi pada bulan Oktober 1944.","translated_text":"The first Allied airstrikes on Shuri City took place in October 1944.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Persiapan dan organisasi warga sipil dalam menghadapi serangan udara sangat tidak memadai.","translated_text":"The preparation and organization of civilians in the face of airstrikes was very inadequate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para birokrat yang sebagian besar berasal dari prefektur lain di Jepang sangat terikat kepada perintah militer.","translated_text":"The bureaucrats, mostly from other prefectures in Japan, were very attached to military commands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Usaha mereka tidak cukup untuk melindungi warga sipil, rumah-rumah penduduk, sekolah, atau monumen sejarah.","translated_text":"Their efforts are not enough to protect civilians, residents' homes, schools, or historical monuments.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Warga sipil dibiarkan berusaha sendiri untuk menyelamatkan dan melindungi diri, keluarga, dan harta benda milik keluarga.","translated_text":"Civilians are allowed to work on their own to save and protect themselves, their families, and family property.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr467>Kerr. pp467-468.</ref>","char_index":121,"name":"Kerr467","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wali resmi harta keluarga Kerajaan Ryukyu kembali ke rumah-rumah mereka di Shuri pada bulan Maret 1945, dan berusaha menyelamatkan sejumlah besar harta-harta kerajaan.","translated_text":"The official treasurer of the Ryukyu royal family returned to their homes in Shuri in March 1945, and sought to save a large number of royal treasures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di antaranya terdapat mahkota yang diberikan oleh Kekaisaran Cina dan potret-potret resmi kerajaan.","translated_text":"Among them were crowns given by the Chinese Empire and official royal portraits.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian dari harta benda tersebut disimpan di lemari besi, tetapi sebagian lagi hanya dikubur di tanah atau di sana-sini di bawah antara pepohonan di sekitar Shuri.","translated_text":"Some of the treasures were kept in iron cabinets, but the rest were only buried in the ground or down here among the trees around Shuri.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rumah-rumah bangsawan di Shuri terbakar habis akibat kebakaran pada 6 April 1945, sementara pengawal orang Okinawa yang ditunjuk oleh wali kerajaan diusir setelah kedatangan tentara Jepang yang mengamankan wilayah tersebut.","translated_text":"The houses of the nobility in Shuri were burned to the ground by fire on April 6, 1945, while Okinawan guards appointed by the royal guardians were expelled after the arrival of Japanese troops securing the area.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr467>Kerr. pp467-468.</ref>","char_index":223,"name":"Kerr467","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai markas tentara Jepang, Shuri yang dijadikan target utama serangan Amerika dalam Pertempuran Okinawa yang berlangsung dari Maret hingga Juni 1945.","translated_text":"As the headquarters of the Japanese army, Shuri was the primary target of the American attack in the Battle of Okinawa which lasted from March to June 1945.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istana Shuri dibuat rata dengan tanah oleh bombardemen kapal perang USS Mississippi yang juga mengakibatkan sebagian besar kota terbakar dan hancur selama pertempuran.","translated_text":"Shuri's palace was flattened to the ground by the bombardment of the battleship USS Mississippi which also resulted in most of the city being burned and destroyed during the battle.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. pp469-470.</ref>","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Seusai Perang Dunia II","translated_text":"After World War II","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota Shuri ini dibangun kembali setelah perang.","translated_text":"This Shuri city was rebuilt after the war.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di lokasi bekas Istana Shuri dibangun kampus Universitas Ryukyu pada tahun 1950 hingga kampus dipindah, dan sekarang berada di Ginowan dan Nakagusuku.","translated_text":"On the site of the former Shuri Palace the campus of Ryukyu University was built in 1950 until the campus was moved, and is now located in Ginowan and Nakagusuku.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tembok-tembok istana dibangun kembali tidak lama setelah perang berakhir.","translated_text":"The castle walls were rebuilt shortly after the war ended.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rekonstruksi aula utama istana (Seiden) selesai pada tahun 1992 untuk memperingati 20 tahun berakhirnya pendudukan Amerika Serikat di Okinawa.","translated_text":"Reconstruction of the main hall of the palace (Seiden) was completed in 1992 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the end of the United States occupation of Okinawa.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). ''Okinawa Chanpuru Jiten'' (沖縄チャンプルー事典, \"Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia\"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers, 2003. p54.</ref>","char_index":142,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Transportasi","translated_text":"Transportation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stasiun Gibo dan Stasiun Shuri yang dilayani Okinawa Monorail berada di dalam wilayah distrik Shuri.","translated_text":"Gibo Station and Shuri Station served by Okinawa Monorail are within the Shuri District area.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istana Shuri, Tamaudun, dan situs-situs utama lainnya berada di tempat yang berdekatan dari Stasiun Shuri yang sekarang merupakan stasiun paling ujung dari jalur monorel di Naha.","translated_text":"Shuri Palace, Tamaudun, and other major sites were located in the vicinity of Shuri Station which is now the terminus of the Naha monorail line.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>\"[http://www.japanupdate.com/?id=8125 Route disagreements postpone monorail extension decisions].\" ''[[Weekly Japan Update]]''. 9 November 2007. Diakses pada 8 Januari 2009.</ref>","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"http://www.japanupdate.com/?id=8125","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:21.635377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"www.japan-guide.com Istana Shuri situs resmi Asosiasi Pariwisata Naha","translated_text":"www.japan-guide.com Shuri Palace official website of the Naha Tourism Association","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806011713/http://www.naha-navi.or.jp/www1/htdocs/main/travel/en/area/syuri/index.html |date=2009-08-06 }}","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090806011713/http://www.naha-navi.or.jp/www1/htdocs/main/travel/en/area/syuri/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.664433-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Prefektur Okinawa","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Okinawa Prefecture","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Shuri berkembang sebagai kota di sekeliling istana, dan tidak lagi berfungsi sebagai ibu kota ketika Kerajaan Ryukyu dihapus dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa. Pada tahun 1896, Shuri dijadikan sebagai salah satu distrik (-ku) di Naha ibu kota prefektur yang baru. Shuri kembali dijadikan sebuah kota terpisah pada tahun 1921 hingga digabung kembali dengan Naha pada tahun 1954.","translated_text":"Shuri developed as a city around the palace, and ceased to serve as the capital when the Ryukyu Kingdom was abolished and made Okinawa Prefecture. In 1896, Shuri was made one of the districts of the new prefecture capital Naha. Shuri was again made a separate city in 1921 until it was reincorporated into Naha in 1954.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>\"Shuri.\" ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, \"Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia\"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41685-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 Maret 2003. Diakses 8 Januari 2009.</ref>","char_index":375,"name":null,"url":"http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41685-storytopic-121.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":66843,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:19.343353-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Istana Shuri pertama kali dibangun pada masa pemerintahan Raja Shunbajunki yang bertahta di Istana Urasoe yang bertetangga.","translated_text":"Shuri Palace was first built during the reign of King Shunbajunki who was crowned at the neighboring Urasoe Palace.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr50>[[George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]] (2000). ''[[Okinawa: the History of an Island People]]''. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing. p.50.</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"Kerr50","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Masa pemerintahan Shunbajunki (1237-1248) berlangsung seabad sebelum Kepulauan Okinawa terbagi menjadi tiga kerajaan terpisah (Hokuzan, Nanzan, dan Chūzan) atau dua abad sebelum ketiga kerajaan tersebut dipersatukan sebagai Kerajaan Ryukyu. Ketika Istana Shuri dibangun, Ryukyu belum memiliki kerajaan yang bersatu. Pemerintahan dipegang oleh berbagai pemimpin lokal yang disebut anji yang setia kepada anji kepala yang berkedudukan di Urasoe.","translated_text":"Shunbajunki's reign (1237-1248) lasted a century before the Okinawa Islands were divided into three separate kingdoms (Hokuzan, Nanzan, and Chūzan) or two centuries before the three kingdoms were united as the Ryukyu Kingdom. When the Shuri Palace was built, Ryukyu did not yet have a united kingdom. Government was held by various local leaders called anji who were loyal to the chief anji who held office in Urasoe.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p52.</ref>","char_index":443,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejarawan George H. Kerr menggambarkan Istana Shuri sebagai \"satu dari istana paling menakjubkan di dunia, dari istana dapat dilihat daerah pedesaan hingga bermil-mil jauhnya, dan pemandangan laut yang luas dari segala sudut..\"","translated_text":"Historian George H. Kerr describes Shuri Palace as \"one of the most spectacular palaces in the world, with views of the countryside from miles away, and wide sea views from every angle\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr50>[[George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]] (2000). ''[[Okinawa: the History of an Island People]]''. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing. p.50.</ref>","char_index":225,"name":"Kerr50","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1266, upeti dibayarkan ke kerajaan di Okinawa oleh penduduk dari pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, Iheya, Kumejima, dan Kerama, hingga Kepulauan Amami yang jauh letaknya dari Okinawa. Kantor pemerintah untuk menangani kiriman upeti didirikan di Pelabuhan Tomari yang berada tepat di sebelah utara istana.","translated_text":"In 1266, tribute was paid to the kingdom in Okinawa by residents from the nearby islands, Iheya, Kumejima, and Kerama, to the remote Amami Islands of Okinawa. A government office to handle the shipment of tribute was established at Tomari Port which is just north of the palace.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p51.</ref>","char_index":310,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Shō Hashi (1422-1439), raja pertama Kerajaan Ryukyu Bersatu menjadikan Shuri sebagai ibu kota, dan mengatur perluasan istana dan ibu kota.","translated_text":"Shō Hashi (1422-1439), the first king of the Ryukyu United Kingdom made Shuri the capital, and arranged for the expansion of the palace and capital.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p85.</ref>","char_index":138,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Shō Hashi (1422-1439), raja pertama Kerajaan Ryukyu Bersatu menjadikan Shuri sebagai ibu kota, dan mengatur perluasan istana dan ibu kota. Shuri berperan sebagai ibu kota sekitar 550 tahun lamanya. Istana Shuri terbakar habis sewaktu terjadi perselisihan suksesi pada tahun 1450-an, tetapi dibangun kembali.","translated_text":"Shō Hashi (1422-1439), the first king of the Ryukyu United Kingdom made Shuri the capital, and arranged for the expansion of the palace and capital. Shuri served as the capital for about 550 years. The Shuri Palace burned to the ground during a succession dispute in the 1450s, but was rebuilt.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p97.</ref>","char_index":282,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain membangun pilar naga dari batu dan berbagai ornamen istana lainnya, Shō Shin juga memerintahkan pembangunan kuil Buddha Enkaku-ji di kompleks istana pada tahun 1492. Kuil Sōgen-ji yang berada di jalan menuju Naha juga diperluas. Pembangunan mausoleum Tamaudun diselesaikan pada tahun 1501, dan tempat ini kemudian dijadikan makam kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"In addition to building dragon pillars of stone and various other palace ornaments, Shō Shin also ordered the construction of the Enkaku-ji Buddhist temple in the palace complex in 1492. Sōgen-ji's temple on the way to Naha was also expanded. The construction of the Tamaudun mausoleum was completed in 1501, and the site was later made the tomb of the Ryukyu kingdom.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p109.</ref>","char_index":353,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, sebagian besar penduduk Shuri adalah orang-orang yang memiliki hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan istana kerajaan.","translated_text":"Throughout the Middle Ages and early modern times, most of the residents of Shuri were people who had direct or indirect ties to the royal palace.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Sekitar tahun 1314-1609 dan 1609-1879.</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, sebagian besar penduduk Shuri adalah orang-orang yang memiliki hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan istana kerajaan. Naha waktu itu berperan sebagai pusat ekonomi Kerajaan Ryukyu sementara Shuri adalah pusat pemerintahan. Bertempat tinggal di Shuri dipandang sebagai suatu hal yang prestisius hingga awal abad ke-20.","translated_text":"Throughout the Middle Ages and early modern times, most of the residents of Shuri were people who had direct or indirect ties to the royal palace. Naha served as the economic center of the Ryukyu Kingdom while Shuri was the center of government. Residing in Shuri was seen as prestigious until the early 20th century.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p114.</ref>","char_index":374,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kekuatan militer Jepang dari Domain Satsuma berhasil merebut Istana Shuri pada 5 April 1609.","translated_text":"Japanese military forces from the Satsuma Domain succeeded in capturing the Shuri Palace on April 5, 1609.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p.159.</ref>","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Istana dan kota Shuri lalu dikembalikan kepada rakyat Okinawa. Namun Kerajaan Okinawa dijadikan negara vasal di bawah Domain Satsuma, dan tetap merupakan daerah taklukan Satsuma selama sekitar 250 tahun. Ketika tiba di Okinawa pada tahun 1850-an, Komodor Perry memaksa untuk masuk ke Istana Shuri dalam dua kesempatan terpisah, tetapi permintaannya untuk bertemu raja selalu ditolak.","translated_text":"Shuri's palace and city were then returned to the people of Okinawa. However, the Kingdom of Okinawa was made a vassal state under the Satsuma Domain, and remained a territory of Satsuma conquest for about 250 years. Upon arriving in Okinawa in the 1850s, Commodore Perry was forced to enter the Shuri Palace on two separate occasions, but his request to meet the king was always denied.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. pp315-317, 328.</ref>","char_index":383,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kerajaan Ryukyu secara resmi dibubarkan pada 27 Maret 1879 ketika tentara Kekaisaran Jepang di bawah pimpinan Matsuda Michiyuki memasuki istana dan menyampaikan surat-surat resmi dari Pangeran Nakijin berisi keputusan pemerintah pusat. Raja Shō Tai dan para pejabat istana diusir dari istana yang segera diduduki garnisun Jepang. Gerbang utama lalu disegel.","translated_text":"The Ryukyu Kingdom was officially dissolved on 27 March 1879 when the Imperial Japanese army under Matsuda Michiyuki entered the palace and delivered official letters from Prince Nakijin containing the decisions of the central government. King Shō Tai and the court officials were expelled from the palace which was soon occupied by the Japanese garrison. The main gate then sealed.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p381.</ref>","char_index":357,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Uang pensiun para bangsawan diciutkan atau dihapus, dan hilang pula penghasilan bangsawan dari uang sewa tanah di pedesaan. Pelayan -pelayan dipecat dan bangsawan Shuri banyak yang pindah ke tempat lain, termasuk mencari pekerjaan di Naha, di pedesaan, atau merantau ke pulau-pulau utama di Jepang.","translated_text":"The pension of the nobles was withdrawn or removed, and the income of the nobles from the rent of land in the countryside was lost. The waiter - slaves were fired and many Shuri nobles moved elsewhere, including looking for work in Naha, in the countryside, or roaming the main islands of Japan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr1879>Kerr. pp394-395.</ref>","char_index":298,"name":"Kerr1879","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Total bangsawan di seluruh Kepulauan Ryukyu ada sekitar 330.000 orang, tetapi sebagian besar dari mereka tinggal di Shuri atau daerah sekelilingnya. Pada waktu itu, Shuri ditinggali oleh hampir 95.000 penduduk (22.500 rumah tangga) yang berasal kalangan bangsawan. Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan kota Naha, penduduk Shuri terus berkurang dan peran Shuri semakin memudar.","translated_text":"The total number of nobles throughout the Ryukyu Islands is about 330,000, but most of them live in Shuri or the surrounding area. At that time, Shuri was inhabited by nearly 95,000 inhabitants (22,500 households) who came from the nobility. In line with Naha's growth, the population of the Shuri continued to decline and the role of the Shuri declined.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr1879>Kerr. pp394-395.</ref>","char_index":366,"name":"Kerr1879","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tekanan-tekanan kepada pemerintah untuk merenovasi, melestarikan, dan melindungi situs bersejarah di Shuri dimulai paling tidak pada tahun 1910-an, dan Istana Shuri ditetapkan sebagai Harta Nasional Jepang pada tahun 1928. Sebuah rencana empat tahun dibuat untuk merestorasi bangunan istana. Monumen-monumen bersejarah lainnya juga ikut dilindungi tidak lama kemudian.","translated_text":"Pressures on the government to renovate, preserve, and protect historic sites in Shuri began at least in the 1910s, and the Shuri Palace was designated a National Treasure of Japan in 1928. A four-year plan was made to restore the palace building. Other historical monuments also joined the protection soon after.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. pp455-456.</ref>","char_index":368,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Meskipun garnisun Jepang yang awalnya menduduki Istana Shuri pada tahun 1879 sudah ditarik mundur pada tahun 1896, istana dan serangkaian terowongan dan gua di bawahnya dijadikan markas besar angkatan bersenjata Jepang di Okinawa selama Perang Dunia II.","translated_text":"Although the Japanese garrison that originally occupied Shuri Castle in 1879 had been withdrawn in 1896, the palace and a series of tunnels and caves underneath it served as the headquarters of the Japanese armed forces in Okinawa during World War II.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. p460.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Para birokrat yang sebagian besar berasal dari prefektur lain di Jepang sangat terikat kepada perintah militer. Usaha mereka tidak cukup untuk melindungi warga sipil, rumah-rumah penduduk, sekolah, atau monumen sejarah. Warga sipil dibiarkan berusaha sendiri untuk menyelamatkan dan melindungi diri, keluarga, dan harta benda milik keluarga.","translated_text":"The bureaucrats, mostly from other prefectures in Japan, were very attached to military commands. Their efforts are not enough to protect civilians, residents' homes, schools, or historical monuments. Civilians are allowed to work on their own to save and protect themselves, their families, and family property.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr467>Kerr. pp467-468.</ref>","char_index":341,"name":"Kerr467","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di antaranya terdapat mahkota yang diberikan oleh Kekaisaran Cina dan potret-potret resmi kerajaan. Sebagian dari harta benda tersebut disimpan di lemari besi, tetapi sebagian lagi hanya dikubur di tanah atau di sana-sini di bawah antara pepohonan di sekitar Shuri. Rumah-rumah bangsawan di Shuri terbakar habis akibat kebakaran pada 6 April 1945, sementara pengawal orang Okinawa yang ditunjuk oleh wali kerajaan diusir setelah kedatangan tentara Jepang yang mengamankan wilayah tersebut.","translated_text":"Among them were crowns given by the Chinese Empire and official royal portraits. Some of the treasures were kept in iron cabinets, but the rest were only buried in the ground or down here among the trees around Shuri. The houses of the nobility in Shuri were burned to the ground by fire on April 6, 1945, while Okinawan guards appointed by the royal guardians were expelled after the arrival of Japanese troops securing the area.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Kerr467>Kerr. pp467-468.</ref>","char_index":489,"name":"Kerr467","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagai markas tentara Jepang, Shuri yang dijadikan target utama serangan Amerika dalam Pertempuran Okinawa yang berlangsung dari Maret hingga Juni 1945. Istana Shuri dibuat rata dengan tanah oleh bombardemen kapal perang USS Mississippi yang juga mengakibatkan sebagian besar kota terbakar dan hancur selama pertempuran.","translated_text":"As the headquarters of the Japanese army, Shuri was the primary target of the American attack in the Battle of Okinawa which lasted from March to June 1945. Shuri's palace was flattened to the ground by the bombardment of the battleship USS Mississippi which also resulted in most of the city being burned and destroyed during the battle.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kerr. pp469-470.</ref>","char_index":321,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di lokasi bekas Istana Shuri dibangun kampus Universitas Ryukyu pada tahun 1950 hingga kampus dipindah, dan sekarang berada di Ginowan dan Nakagusuku. Tembok-tembok istana dibangun kembali tidak lama setelah perang berakhir. Rekonstruksi aula utama istana (Seiden) selesai pada tahun 1992 untuk memperingati 20 tahun berakhirnya pendudukan Amerika Serikat di Okinawa.","translated_text":"On the site of the former Shuri Palace the campus of Ryukyu University was built in 1950 until the campus was moved, and is now located in Ginowan and Nakagusuku. The castle walls were rebuilt shortly after the war ended. Reconstruction of the main hall of the palace (Seiden) was completed in 1992 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the end of the United States occupation of Okinawa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). ''Okinawa Chanpuru Jiten'' (沖縄チャンプルー事典, \"Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia\"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers, 2003. p54.</ref>","char_index":367,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Stasiun Gibo dan Stasiun Shuri yang dilayani Okinawa Monorail berada di dalam wilayah distrik Shuri. Istana Shuri, Tamaudun, dan situs-situs utama lainnya berada di tempat yang berdekatan dari Stasiun Shuri yang sekarang merupakan stasiun paling ujung dari jalur monorel di Naha.","translated_text":"Gibo Station and Shuri Station served by Okinawa Monorail are within the Shuri District area. Shuri Palace, Tamaudun, and other major sites were located in the vicinity of Shuri Station which is now the terminus of the Naha monorail line.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>\"[http://www.japanupdate.com/?id=8125 Route disagreements postpone monorail extension decisions].\" ''[[Weekly Japan Update]]''. 9 November 2007. Diakses pada 8 Januari 2009.</ref>","char_index":279,"name":null,"url":"http://www.japanupdate.com/?id=8125","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:21.635377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"www.japan-guide.com Istana Shuri situs resmi Asosiasi Pariwisata Naha","translated_text":"www.japan-guide.com Shuri Palace official website of the Naha Tourism Association","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806011713/http://www.naha-navi.or.jp/www1/htdocs/main/travel/en/area/syuri/index.html |date=2009-08-06 }}","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090806011713/http://www.naha-navi.or.jp/www1/htdocs/main/travel/en/area/syuri/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.664433-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Karl Haushofer","wikicode":"[[Berkas:KarlHaushofer.jpg|jmpl|200px|Karl Haushofer ([[1869]]-[[1946]])]]\n'''Karl Ernst Haushofer''' adalah [[militan]] Jerman, ahli bidang [[geografi]], dan pakar [[geopolitik]].<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Karl Ernst Haushofer lahir di [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]] ([[Jerman]]), pada 27 Agustus 1869.<ref name=\"intelinet\"/> Dia berasal dari keluarga [[Yahudi]]-Jerman, pasangan [[Max Haushofer]] (ekonom) dan [[Frau Adele Haushofer]].<ref name=\"intelinet\"/> Setelah lulus dari sekolah tingkat atas, Karl memulai kariernya sebagai [[tentara]] Bavaria.<ref name=\"intelinet\"/> Karl menamatkan pendidikan di ''Lembaga Pendidikan Ketentaraan Bavaria'' ([[Kriegschule]]), ''Akademi Artileri'' ([[Artillerieschule]]), dan ''Bavarian War Academy'' ([[Kriegsakademie]]).<ref name=\"intelinet\"/> Pada tahun [[1896]] Karl menikah dengan Martha Mayer Doss, yang juga seorang Yahudi.<ref name=\"intelinet\"/>\n\n== Karier ==\nHaushofer meneruskan pendidikannya hingga menjadi [[perwira]] tinggi dan berdinas di ''Angkatan Perang Kerajaan Jerman''.<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Kariernya semakin meningkat hingga menduduki jabatan sebagai ''Staff Corp'' pada tahun [[1899]].<ref name=\"spartacus\"/> Pada tahun [[1903]], Karl Haushofer diangkat menjadi tenaga pengajar di ''Bavarian Kriegsakademie''.<ref name=\"spartacus\"/> [[Tahun 1908]], Haushofer dikirim ke [[Jepang]] untuk mempelajari sistem ketentaraan.<ref name=\"spartacus\"/> Di Jepang, Haushofer menjadi instruktur resimen artileri tentara [[Nippon]].<ref name=\"spartacus\"/> Setelah itu, Haushofer ditugaskan ke beberapa negara bagian timur, seperti [[Korea]], [[India]], [[Tibet]], dan [[Cina]].<ref name=\"spartacus\"/> Perjalanan Haushofer mengelilingi negara bagian timur memberi sebuah inspirasi di mana ia memperkenalkan ''Teori Geopolitik''.<ref name=\"spartacus\"/> Teori ini di sebut ''The Heartland Theory'' yang mempunyai arti ''siapa pun yang bisa menguasai [[Heartland]], maka ia akan mampu menguasai World Island''.<ref name=\"spartacus\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1869|1946|Haushofer, Karl}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh militer Jerman]]\n[[Kategori:Jenderal Jerman]]\n[[Kategori:Ahli geografi]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari München]]\n\n\n{{Jerman-bio-stub}}","hash":"ca0fd4cfd476394b46cbffe6b68d228244286b850053eb5e363da881ff96975f","last_revision":"2022-11-30T23:03:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:30:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.055859","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Karl Haushofer","ar":"كارل هاوسهوفر","arz":"كارل هاوسهوفر","az":"Karl Haushofer","bcl":"Karl Haushofer","be":"Карл Гаўсгофер","bg":"Карл Хаусхофер","ca":"Karl Haushofer","cs":"Karl Haushofer","da":"Karl Haushofer (geograf)","de":"Karl Haushofer","en":"Karl Haushofer","eo":"Karl Haushofer","es":"Karl Haushofer","et":"Karl Haushofer","fa":"کارل هاوسهفر","fi":"Karl Haushofer","fr":"Karl Haushofer","he":"קארל האוסהופר","hi":"कार्ल हाउशोफ़र","hr":"Karl Haushofer","hu":"Karl Haushofer","it":"Karl Haushofer","ja":"カール・ハウスホーファー","jv":"Karl Haushofer","ka":"კარლ ჰაუსჰოფერი","ko":"카를 하우스호퍼","la":"Carolus Haushofer","lt":"Karl Haushofer","nl":"Karl Haushofer","nb":"Karl Haushofer","pl":"Karl Haushofer","pt":"Karl Haushofer","ro":"Karl Haushofer","ru":"Хаусхофер, Карл","sh":"Karl Haushofer","sl":"Karl Haushofer","sr":"Карл Хаусхофер","sv":"Karl Haushofer (geograf)","tr":"Karl Haushofer","uk":"Карл Гаусгофер","zh":"卡爾·豪斯霍弗爾"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer adalah militan Jerman, ahli bidang geografi, dan pakar geopolitik. Karl Ernst Haushofer lahir di Munich, Bavaria (Jerman), pada 27 Agustus 1869. Dia berasal dari keluarga Yahudi-Jerman, pasangan Max Haushofer (ekonom) dan Frau Adele Haushofer. Setelah lulus dari sekolah tingkat atas, Karl memulai kariernya sebagai tentara Bavaria. Karl menamatkan pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan Ketentaraan Bavaria (Kriegschule), Akademi Artileri (Artillerieschule), dan Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie). Pada tahun 1896 Karl menikah dengan Martha Mayer Doss, yang juga seorang Yahudi.\n\nHaushofer meneruskan pendidikannya hingga menjadi perwira tinggi dan berdinas di Angkatan Perang Kerajaan Jerman. Kariernya semakin meningkat hingga menduduki jabatan sebagai Staff Corp pada tahun 1899. Pada tahun 1903, Karl Haushofer diangkat menjadi tenaga pengajar di Bavarian Kriegsakademie. Tahun 1908, Haushofer dikirim ke Jepang untuk mempelajari sistem ketentaraan. Di Jepang, Haushofer menjadi instruktur resimen artileri tentara Nippon. Setelah itu, Haushofer ditugaskan ke beberapa negara bagian timur, seperti Korea, India, Tibet, dan Cina. Perjalanan Haushofer mengelilingi negara bagian timur memberi sebuah inspirasi di mana ia memperkenalkan Teori Geopolitik. Teori ini di sebut The Heartland Theory yang mempunyai arti siapa pun yang bisa menguasai Heartland, maka ia akan mampu menguasai World Island.\n\nKategori:Tokoh militer Jerman Kategori:Jenderal Jerman Kategori:Ahli geografi Kategori:Tokoh dari München\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer adalah militan Jerman, ahli bidang geografi, dan pakar geopolitik.","translated_text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer was a German militant, geographer, and geopolitical expert.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":87,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125},{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":87,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer lahir di Munich, Bavaria (Jerman), pada 27 Agustus 1869.","translated_text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer was born in Munich, Bavaria (Germany), on 27 August 1869.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia berasal dari keluarga Yahudi-Jerman, pasangan Max Haushofer (ekonom) dan Frau Adele Haushofer.","translated_text":"He came from a German-Jewish family, married to Max Haushofer (economist) and Frau Adele Haushofer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah lulus dari sekolah tingkat atas, Karl memulai kariernya sebagai tentara Bavaria.","translated_text":"After graduating from high school, Karl began his career as a Bavarian soldier.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":88,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karl menamatkan pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan Ketentaraan Bavaria (Kriegschule), Akademi Artileri (Artillerieschule), dan Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie).","translated_text":"Karl completed his education at the Bavarian Military Education Institute (Kriegschule), the Artillery Academy (Artillerieschule), and the Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":163,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1896 Karl menikah dengan Martha Mayer Doss, yang juga seorang Yahudi.","translated_text":"In 1896 Karl married Martha Mayer Doss, who was also a Jew.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Haushofer meneruskan pendidikannya hingga menjadi perwira tinggi dan berdinas di Angkatan Perang Kerajaan Jerman.","translated_text":"Haushofer continued his education to become a high-ranking officer and served in the German Imperial War Force.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kariernya semakin meningkat hingga menduduki jabatan sebagai Staff Corp pada tahun 1899.","translated_text":"His career grew steadily until he took office as Staff Corp. in 1899.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":88,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1903, Karl Haushofer diangkat menjadi tenaga pengajar di Bavarian Kriegsakademie.","translated_text":"In 1903, Karl Haushofer was appointed to the teaching staff at the Bavarian Kriegsakademie.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1908, Haushofer dikirim ke Jepang untuk mempelajari sistem ketentaraan.","translated_text":"In 1908, Haushofer was sent to Japan to study the military system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":77,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Jepang, Haushofer menjadi instruktur resimen artileri tentara Nippon.","translated_text":"In Japan, Haushofer became an instructor for an artillery regiment of the Nippon army.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah itu, Haushofer ditugaskan ke beberapa negara bagian timur, seperti Korea, India, Tibet, dan Cina.","translated_text":"After that, Haushofer was assigned to several eastern states, such as Korea, India, Tibet, and China.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perjalanan Haushofer mengelilingi negara bagian timur memberi sebuah inspirasi di mana ia memperkenalkan Teori Geopolitik.","translated_text":"Haushofer's travels around the eastern states provided an inspiration where he introduced Geopolitical Theory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teori ini di sebut The Heartland Theory yang mempunyai arti siapa pun yang bisa menguasai Heartland, maka ia akan mampu menguasai World Island.","translated_text":"This theory is called The Heartland Theory which means that anyone who can control the Heartland will be able to control the World Island.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":143,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tokoh militer Jerman Kategori:Jenderal Jerman Kategori:Ahli geografi Kategori:Tokoh dari München","translated_text":":German military figures Category:German generals Category:Geographers Category:Munich figures","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer adalah militan Jerman, ahli bidang geografi, dan pakar geopolitik.","translated_text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer was a German militant, geographer, and geopolitical expert.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":87,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125},{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":87,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer adalah militan Jerman, ahli bidang geografi, dan pakar geopolitik. Karl Ernst Haushofer lahir di Munich, Bavaria (Jerman), pada 27 Agustus 1869.","translated_text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer was a German militant, geographer, and geopolitical expert. Karl Ernst Haushofer was born in Munich, Bavaria (Germany), on 27 August 1869.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":165,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer adalah militan Jerman, ahli bidang geografi, dan pakar geopolitik. Karl Ernst Haushofer lahir di Munich, Bavaria (Jerman), pada 27 Agustus 1869. Dia berasal dari keluarga Yahudi-Jerman, pasangan Max Haushofer (ekonom) dan Frau Adele Haushofer.","translated_text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer was a German militant, geographer, and geopolitical expert. Karl Ernst Haushofer was born in Munich, Bavaria (Germany), on 27 August 1869. He came from a German-Jewish family, married to Max Haushofer (economist) and Frau Adele Haushofer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":264,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer lahir di Munich, Bavaria (Jerman), pada 27 Agustus 1869. Dia berasal dari keluarga Yahudi-Jerman, pasangan Max Haushofer (ekonom) dan Frau Adele Haushofer. Setelah lulus dari sekolah tingkat atas, Karl memulai kariernya sebagai tentara Bavaria.","translated_text":"Karl Ernst Haushofer was born in Munich, Bavaria (Germany), on 27 August 1869. He came from a German-Jewish family, married to Max Haushofer (economist) and Frau Adele Haushofer. After graduating from high school, Karl began his career as a Bavarian soldier.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":265,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Dia berasal dari keluarga Yahudi-Jerman, pasangan Max Haushofer (ekonom) dan Frau Adele Haushofer. Setelah lulus dari sekolah tingkat atas, Karl memulai kariernya sebagai tentara Bavaria. Karl menamatkan pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan Ketentaraan Bavaria (Kriegschule), Akademi Artileri (Artillerieschule), dan Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie).","translated_text":"He came from a German-Jewish family, married to Max Haushofer (economist) and Frau Adele Haushofer. After graduating from high school, Karl began his career as a Bavarian soldier. Karl completed his education at the Bavarian Military Education Institute (Kriegschule), the Artillery Academy (Artillerieschule), and the Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":351,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Setelah lulus dari sekolah tingkat atas, Karl memulai kariernya sebagai tentara Bavaria. Karl menamatkan pendidikan di Lembaga Pendidikan Ketentaraan Bavaria (Kriegschule), Akademi Artileri (Artillerieschule), dan Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie). Pada tahun 1896 Karl menikah dengan Martha Mayer Doss, yang juga seorang Yahudi.","translated_text":"After graduating from high school, Karl began his career as a Bavarian soldier. Karl completed his education at the Bavarian Military Education Institute (Kriegschule), the Artillery Academy (Artillerieschule), and the Bavarian War Academy (Kriegsakademie). In 1896 Karl married Martha Mayer Doss, who was also a Jew.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"intelinet\">{{en}} [http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm The Swastika and The Niazis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423055059/http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm |date=2010-04-23 }}, ''intelinet''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":333,"name":"intelinet","url":"http://www.intelinet.org/swastika/swasti02.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":112416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:31.735929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Haushofer meneruskan pendidikannya hingga menjadi perwira tinggi dan berdinas di Angkatan Perang Kerajaan Jerman.","translated_text":"Haushofer continued his education to become a high-ranking officer and served in the German Imperial War Force.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Haushofer meneruskan pendidikannya hingga menjadi perwira tinggi dan berdinas di Angkatan Perang Kerajaan Jerman. Kariernya semakin meningkat hingga menduduki jabatan sebagai Staff Corp pada tahun 1899.","translated_text":"Haushofer continued his education to become a high-ranking officer and served in the German Imperial War Force. His career grew steadily until he took office as Staff Corp. in 1899.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":202,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Haushofer meneruskan pendidikannya hingga menjadi perwira tinggi dan berdinas di Angkatan Perang Kerajaan Jerman. Kariernya semakin meningkat hingga menduduki jabatan sebagai Staff Corp pada tahun 1899. Pada tahun 1903, Karl Haushofer diangkat menjadi tenaga pengajar di Bavarian Kriegsakademie.","translated_text":"Haushofer continued his education to become a high-ranking officer and served in the German Imperial War Force. His career grew steadily until he took office as Staff Corp. in 1899. In 1903, Karl Haushofer was appointed to the teaching staff at the Bavarian Kriegsakademie.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":295,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kariernya semakin meningkat hingga menduduki jabatan sebagai Staff Corp pada tahun 1899. Pada tahun 1903, Karl Haushofer diangkat menjadi tenaga pengajar di Bavarian Kriegsakademie. Tahun 1908, Haushofer dikirim ke Jepang untuk mempelajari sistem ketentaraan.","translated_text":"His career grew steadily until he took office as Staff Corp. in 1899. In 1903, Karl Haushofer was appointed to the teaching staff at the Bavarian Kriegsakademie. In 1908, Haushofer was sent to Japan to study the military system.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1903, Karl Haushofer diangkat menjadi tenaga pengajar di Bavarian Kriegsakademie. Tahun 1908, Haushofer dikirim ke Jepang untuk mempelajari sistem ketentaraan. Di Jepang, Haushofer menjadi instruktur resimen artileri tentara Nippon.","translated_text":"In 1903, Karl Haushofer was appointed to the teaching staff at the Bavarian Kriegsakademie. In 1908, Haushofer was sent to Japan to study the military system. In Japan, Haushofer became an instructor for an artillery regiment of the Nippon army.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":243,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun 1908, Haushofer dikirim ke Jepang untuk mempelajari sistem ketentaraan. Di Jepang, Haushofer menjadi instruktur resimen artileri tentara Nippon. Setelah itu, Haushofer ditugaskan ke beberapa negara bagian timur, seperti Korea, India, Tibet, dan Cina.","translated_text":"In 1908, Haushofer was sent to Japan to study the military system. In Japan, Haushofer became an instructor for an artillery regiment of the Nippon army. After that, Haushofer was assigned to several eastern states, such as Korea, India, Tibet, and China.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":256,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di Jepang, Haushofer menjadi instruktur resimen artileri tentara Nippon. Setelah itu, Haushofer ditugaskan ke beberapa negara bagian timur, seperti Korea, India, Tibet, dan Cina. Perjalanan Haushofer mengelilingi negara bagian timur memberi sebuah inspirasi di mana ia memperkenalkan Teori Geopolitik.","translated_text":"In Japan, Haushofer became an instructor for an artillery regiment of the Nippon army. After that, Haushofer was assigned to several eastern states, such as Korea, India, Tibet, and China. Haushofer's travels around the eastern states provided an inspiration where he introduced Geopolitical Theory.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":301,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah itu, Haushofer ditugaskan ke beberapa negara bagian timur, seperti Korea, India, Tibet, dan Cina. Perjalanan Haushofer mengelilingi negara bagian timur memberi sebuah inspirasi di mana ia memperkenalkan Teori Geopolitik. Teori ini di sebut The Heartland Theory yang mempunyai arti siapa pun yang bisa menguasai Heartland, maka ia akan mampu menguasai World Island.","translated_text":"After that, Haushofer was assigned to several eastern states, such as Korea, India, Tibet, and China. Haushofer's travels around the eastern states provided an inspiration where he introduced Geopolitical Theory. This theory is called The Heartland Theory which means that anyone who can control the Heartland will be able to control the World Island.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"spartacus\">{{en}} [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm Karl Haushofer Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060111/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm |date=2011-09-06 }}, ''spartacus''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":372,"name":"spartacus","url":"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhaushoferK.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:32.950418-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Isaac Vorsah","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n |name                 = Isaac Vorsah\n |image                = [[Berkas:Isaac Vorsah15.JPG|256px]]\n |caption              = \n |height               = {{convert|1,93|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}\n |birth_date           = {{birth date and age|1988|6|21|df=y}}\n |birth_place          = [[Accra]], [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]], [[Ghana]]\n |currentclub          = [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]]\n |clubnumber           = 45\n |position             = [[Bek]]\n |youthyears1   =  |youthclubs1   = Oscar\n |youthyears2   = {{0|0000}}–2005 |youthclubs2   = Maamobi\n |years1   = 2005–2007 |clubs1 = [[All Blacks F.C.|All Blacks]]            |caps1   =   |goals1   =\n |years2   = 2007      |clubs2 = [[Asante Kotoko F.C.|Asante Kotoko]]      |caps2   =  |goals2   =\n |years3   = 2007–2012 |clubs3 = [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|1899 Hoffenheim]]   |caps3   = 106 |goals3   = 4\n |years4   = 2012–     |clubs4 = [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]]|caps4   = 7 |goals4   = 1\n |nationalyears1   = 2007– |nationalteam1   = {{timnas|Ghana}} |nationalcaps1   = 39 |nationalgoals1   = 1\n |pcupdate             = 12:16, 15 December 2012 (UTC)\n |ntupdate             = 23:02, 28 January 2013 (UTC)\n}}\n'''Isaac Vorsah''' ({{lahirmati|[[Ghana]]|21|6|1988}}) merupakan seorang pemain [[sepak bola]] [[Ghana]] yang saat ini bermain ntuk [[FC Red Bull Salzburg]] di [[Austria]].\n\n== Karier ==\n=== Klub ===\nIsaac Vorsah pernah bermain untuk [[All Blacks F.C.|All Blacks]] dan [[Asante Kotoko F.C.|Asante Kotoko]], sebelum saat ini membela klub [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|Hoffenheim]].\n\n=== Internasional ===\nIsaac Vorsah telah bermain 6 kali untuk {{timnas|Ghana|timnas Ghana}}, tetapi belum pernah mencetak gol.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=279145/index.html Statistik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705145058/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=279145/index.html |date=2010-07-05 }} pada situs resmi [[FIFA]].\n* [http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/52151/isaacvorsah/profil.html Isaac Vorsah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311023726/http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/52151/isaacvorsah/profil.html |date=2010-03-11 }} at Transfermarkt.de {{de icon}}\n* {{Fussballdaten|vorsahisaac|Isaac Vorsah}}\n{{lifetime|1988||Vorsah, Isaac}}\n{{Skuad timnas|Ghana\n|list1=\n{{Skuat Piala Afrika 2010 Ghana}}\n{{Skuat PD2010 Ghana}}\n{{Skuat Piala Afrika 2012 Ghana}}\n{{Skuat Piala Afrika 2013 Ghana}}\n}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Ghana]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain TSG 1899 Hoffenheim]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Ghana}}","hash":"56e8dc620a7c6a84b83c8731efd333da449fd3e3dbc6223c58c17723967844be","last_revision":"2023-01-11T11:11:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:34:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.109965","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"إسحاق فورساه","azb":"ایزاک ورسا","ca":"Isaac Vorsah","dag":"Isaac Vorsah","de":"Isaac Vorsah","en":"Isaac Vorsah","es":"Isaac Vorsah","fa":"ایزاک ورسا","fi":"Isaac Vorsah","fr":"Isaac Vorsah","hu":"Isaac Vorsah","it":"Isaac Vorsah","ja":"アイザック・ヴォーサー","ko":"이삭 보르사","mg":"Isaac Vorsah","mr":"आयझॅक वोर्साह","nl":"Isaac Vorsah","nn":"Isaac Vorsah","nb":"Isaac Vorsah","pl":"Isaac Vorsah","pt":"Isaac Vorsah","ru":"Ворса, Айзек","simple":"Isaac Vorsah","sv":"Isaac Vorsah","tr":"Isaac Vorsah","uk":"Айзек Ворса"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Isaac Vorsah () merupakan seorang pemain sepak bola Ghana yang saat ini bermain ntuk FC Red Bull Salzburg di Austria.\n\nIsaac Vorsah pernah bermain untuk All Blacks dan Asante Kotoko, sebelum saat ini membela klub Hoffenheim.\n\nIsaac Vorsah telah bermain 6 kali untuk , tetapi belum pernah mencetak gol.\n\nStatistik pada situs resmi FIFA. Isaac Vorsah at Transfermarkt.de\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Ghana Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 Kategori:Pemain TSG 1899 Hoffenheim\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n |name                 = Isaac Vorsah\n |image                = [[Berkas:Isaac Vorsah15.JPG|256px]]\n |caption              = \n |height               = {{convert|1,93|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}\n |birth_date           = {{birth date and age|1988|6|21|df=y}}\n |birth_place          = [[Accra]], [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]], [[Ghana]]\n |currentclub          = [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]]\n |clubnumber           = 45\n |position             = [[Bek]]\n |youthyears1   =  |youthclubs1   = Oscar\n |youthyears2   = {{0|0000}}–2005 |youthclubs2   = Maamobi\n |years1   = 2005–2007 |clubs1 = [[All Blacks F.C.|All Blacks]]            |caps1   =   |goals1   =\n |years2   = 2007      |clubs2 = [[Asante Kotoko F.C.|Asante Kotoko]]      |caps2   =  |goals2   =\n |years3   = 2007–2012 |clubs3 = [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|1899 Hoffenheim]]   |caps3   = 106 |goals3   = 4\n |years4   = 2012–     |clubs4 = [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]]|caps4   = 7 |goals4   = 1\n |nationalyears1   = 2007– |nationalteam1   = {{timnas|Ghana}} |nationalcaps1   = 39 |nationalgoals1   = 1\n |pcupdate             = 12:16, 15 December 2012 (UTC)\n |ntupdate             = 23:02, 28 January 2013 (UTC)\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Isaac Vorsah () merupakan seorang pemain sepak bola Ghana yang saat ini bermain ntuk FC Red Bull Salzburg di Austria.","translated_text":"Isaac Vorsah () is a Ghanaian footballer who currently plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in Austria.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Klub","translated_text":"The club","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Isaac Vorsah pernah bermain untuk All Blacks dan Asante Kotoko, sebelum saat ini membela klub Hoffenheim.","translated_text":"Isaac Vorsah played for the All Blacks and Asante Kotoko, before now defending Hoffenheim.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Internasional","translated_text":"Internationally","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Isaac Vorsah telah bermain 6 kali untuk , tetapi belum pernah mencetak gol.","translated_text":"Isaac Vorsah has played 6 times for, but has never scored a goal.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Statistik pada situs resmi FIFA.","translated_text":"Statistics on the official FIFA website.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705145058/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=279145/index.html |date=2010-07-05 }}","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100705145058/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=279145/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.053799-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Isaac Vorsah at Transfermarkt.de","translated_text":"Isaac Vorsah at the Transfermarkt.de","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311023726/http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/52151/isaacvorsah/profil.html |date=2010-03-11 }}","char_index":13,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100311023726/http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/52151/isaacvorsah/profil.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.124397-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Ghana Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 Kategori:Pemain TSG 1899 Hoffenheim","translated_text":": Ghanaian footballer Category:FIFA World Cup players 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+{"title":"Sule","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n| name               = Sule\n| image              = Sule Sutisna, Ini Talk Show, 07.21.jpg\n| imagesize          = \n| caption            = Sule di acara [[Ini Talkshow]] pada tahun 2019\n| othername          = {{hlist|Sule|Entis Sutisna|Entis}}\n| birth_name         = Sutisna\n| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1976|11|15}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2020/10/20/074811/kua-tambun-benarkan-sule-sudah-urus-surat-nikah-dengan-nathalie-holscher?page=all |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2021-07-26 |archive-date=2021-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726020047/https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2020/10/20/074811/kua-tambun-benarkan-sule-sudah-urus-surat-nikah-dengan-nathalie-holscher?page=all |dead-url=no }}</ref>\n| birth_place        = [[Cimahi]], [[Jawa Barat]], Indonesia\n| country of region  = \n| occupation         = {{hlist|[[Pelawak]]|[[pembawa acara]]|[[aktor]]|[[Seniman]]|[[YouTuber]]}}\n| yearsactive        = 2004–sekarang\n| spouse             = {{marriage|Lina Jubaedah (w. 2020)|27 August 1997|2018|reason=divorced}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2018/09/20/resmi-bercerai-lina-tidak-mendapat-harta-dari-sule|title=Resmi Bercerai, Lina Tidak Mendapat Harta dari Sule|publisher=[[Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|last=Wardhani|first=Anita K|editor-last=Wardhani|editor-first=Anita K|access-date=2018-09-20|archive-date=2018-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921034427/http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2018/09/20/resmi-bercerai-lina-tidak-mendapat-harta-dari-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref> <br/> {{marriage|[[Nathalie Holscher]]|15 November 2020|2022|reason=divorced}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsmaker.tribunnews.com/2020/11/17/tampil-memukau-intip-7-potret-nathalie-holscher-saat-menikah-dengan-sule|title=Tampil Memukau, Intip 7 Potret Nathalie Holscher saat Menikah dengan Sule|publisher=[[Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|last=Hanna|first=Suli|access-date=2020-12-13|archive-date=2021-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124103657/https://newsmaker.tribunnews.com/2020/11/17/tampil-memukau-intip-7-potret-nathalie-holscher-saat-menikah-dengan-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n| children           = '''Pernikahan dengan Lina Jubaedah:'''<!-- Kolom ini diisi hanya jumlah anak; hanya nama anak yang secara independen sudah terkenal atau telah memiliki artikelnya di Wikipedia; bila ada rujukan/referensi, uraikan pada artikel --><br>4, termasuk [[Rizky Febian|Rizky Febian Adriansyah Sutisna]]<br>'''Pernikahan dengan [[Nathalie Holscher]]:'''<br>1\n| father             = Dodo Mulyana\n| mother             = Engkom Komara\n| height             = <!-- Jangan menambahkan data tinggi badan tanpa rujukan -->\n| alma_mater         = {{plainlist|\n* [[SMK Negeri 10 Bandung|SMKI Negeri Bandung]]\n* [[Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|STSI Bandung]]\n}}\n| signature          = Sule (signature).svg\n}}\n'''Sutisna'''<ref name=nama>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|title=Entis Sutisna Ternyata Bukan Nama Asli Sule, Lalu Siapa?|author=Baharudin Al Farisi|publisher=Kompas.com|date=15 Mei 2020|accessdate=19 Juni 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Pangerang|editor-first=Andi Muttya Keteng|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726000052/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|dead-url=no}}</ref> atau yang lebih dikenal secara profesional dengan [[nama panggung]] '''Sule''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kota Cimahi|Cimahi]]|15|11|1976}}),<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref> adalah seorang [[pelawak]], [[pembawa acara]], [[penyanyi]], dan [[aktor]] berkebangsaan [[Indonesia]].\n\n== Kehidupan awal ==\nSule lahir di [[Cimahi]], [[Jawa Barat]], 15 November 1976 (sementara di surat pengantar nikahnya tertulis [[Kabupaten Bandung|Bandung]], 15-11-1973).<ref><nowiki>https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00335458.html</nowiki></ref>\nIa lahir sebagai anak kedua dari empat bersaudara dari pasangan Dodo Mulyana (wafat 2017)<ref name=\"ayah\">{{Cite web|last=Febriani|first=Ririn Nur|title=Ayah Sule Meninggal Dunia, Dimakamkan di Cimahi - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317195054/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan Engkom Komara. Ayahnya seorang penjual [[bakso]] keliling. Ayahnya selalu membanyol dan membuat para pembeli [[bakso]]nya tertawa. Bakat melawak Sule berasal dari ayahnya.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/> Kakaknya bernama Iwan Setiawan.<ref name=ayah/>\n\nSule akrab dipanggil Entis oleh ibunya. Nama Sule merupakan julukan masyarakat kampungnya untuk orang tua yang suka ingusan. Sule adalah singkatan dari kata ''susut lého'' dalam [[bahasa Sunda]] yang berarti 'mengelap ingus' dalam bahasa Indonesia.<ref name=nama/>\n\nSule, yang pernah dibimbing oleh pelawak senior [[Kang Ibing]] ini, sudah memiliki bakat melawak sejak kelas 3 SD. Kala itu, Sule kecil sering tampil di acara [[Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia|Agustus]]-an.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/>\n\nSule menempuh pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Bandung yang kini bernama [[SMK Negeri 10 Bandung]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni – SMKN 10 Bandung|url=https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/|language=en-US|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317203603/https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Setelah lulus, ia menikahi Lina Jubaedah tahun 1997 dalam usia 19 tahun.<ref name=\"alasan\">{{Cite news|date=2015-02-18|title=Alasan Sule Menikah di Usia 19 Tahun|url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|work=Suara.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Tresnady|first=Tomi|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163223/https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kemudian, ia berkuliah di Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Bandung yang kini bernama [[Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bandung|first=Humas ISBI|title=Testimoni Pelaku Seni yang Pernah Kuliah di ISBI Bandung-Sule|url=https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule|website=ISBI Bandung|language=en-gb|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407024957/https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref> namun tidak sampai selesai.<ref name=alasan/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kilas Balik Perjalanan Karier Entis Sutisna Alias Sule|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD|work=[[Kumparan (situs web)|Kumparan]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Kukuh|first=Alexander Vito Edward|archive-date=2020-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705085646/https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\n== Karier ==\n{{update}}\nSule mengaku dulu, pada saat baru menikahi Lina pada tahun [[1997]], dia tinggal di rumah kontrakan petak. Penghasilannya dari melawak hanya Rp20 ribu sehari, agar dapurnya bisa tetap ''ngebul'', Sule ''nyambi'' menjual [[jagung]] rebus keliling kampung, berdagang [[ayam goreng]] dan berjualan [[kebaya]] di kampus.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-15|title=Cerita Sule Jadi Penjual Kebaya di Kampusnya, Bermula dari Ketahuan Mencuri|url=https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|editor-last=Setiawan|editor-first=Tri Susanto|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163414/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\nNekat pergi ke [[Jakarta]] belasan tahun yang lalu, Sule mengaku bahwa ia bercita-cita menjadi [[pembawa acara]] [[televisi]], sehingga nekat pindah dari [[Jawa Barat]] ke [[Jakarta]]. Berbekal keahlian menari, dia mencoba mengadu nasib di [[ibu kota]]. Alumnus [[STSI Bandung]] ini kemudian berkelana dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya di [[Jakarta]]. Kesempatan mengikuti API (Audisi Pelawak Indonesia) di [[MNCTV|TPI]] bersama dengan [[Oni Suwarman]] dan [[Obin Wahyudin]] adalah jalan pintas menuju sukses Sule. Tidak sampai setahun setelah berhasil menjuarai [[Superstar Show]], sebuah acara duet selebriti di [[Indosiar]] membuat karier Sule pun terus menanjak. Namanya pun masuk ke dalam jajaran pelawak papan atas. Tahun [[2009]] dan [[2010]] adalah tahun-tahun keemasan bagi Sule.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/>\n\nKariernya mulai bersinar setelah sukses memenangi lomba [[Audisi Pelawak TPI]] (API) bersama dengan grup Lawak [[SOS (lawak)|SOS]]. Hanya setahun setelah itu, nama Sule mulai diperhitungkan. Namanya terus melambung ke jajaran pelawak papan atas, yang penghasilannya melebihi pelawak papan atas yang lain, seperti misalnya [[Komeng]] dan sebagainya. Penghasilannya bisa mencapai lebih dari Rp 1 miliar per-bulan, yang didapatkan dari beberapa [[stasiun TV]], antara lain hasil dari acara [[Opera Van Java]] di [[Trans7]], sinetron komedi [[Awas Ada Sule]] di [[Global TV]], dan juga melalui berbagai macam [[iklan]] yang dimainkan oleh Sule.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/>\n\n[[Opera Van Java]] adalah salah satu acara televisi yang menghasilkan banyak uang bagi Sule. Dari acara ini, hanya untuk sekali tampil saja, Sule memperoleh penghasilan sebesar Rp 50 juta, atau naik dibanding sebelumnya yang jumlahnya mencapai total sebesar Rp 20 juta – Rp 40 juta. Pemilik rambut gondrong dan pirang ini terkenal dengan gaya khasnya, yakni kalau sudah mendengar musik [[jaipong]]an, maka ia akan langsung reflek joget, sehingga sering mengundang orang tertawa. Rupanya, gaya khasnya itu lalu menjadi tambahan karakter Sule.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/>\n\nBersama [[Andre Taulany]] dan pembawa acara ''[[Ini Talkshow]]'' lainnya, Sule terkadang menjadi impersonator sebagai salah satu ''gimmick'' pada acara tersebut. Terhitung sudah beberapa selebritas yang telah ia tiru, seperti [[Alam (penyanyi)|Alam]], [[Ozy Syahputra]], [[Limbad]], [[Saykoji]], [[Michael Jackson]], [[Axl Rose]], dan lain-lain.\n\nSule semakin hari semakin cemerlang. Dia menjadi salah satu pelawak termahal di [[Indonesia]], dengan penghasilannya yang bisa mencapai Rp 1 miliar setiap bulannya.<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\"/>\n\n== Karakter ==\nSelain melawak, Sule juga dikenal pintar menyanyi, dan pandai membanyol atau melucu. Alumni [[STSI Bandung]] ini juga memiliki kekhasan dalam penampilan, yakni rambutnya yang panjang warna pirang, sehingga bisa melengkapi karakternya. Kini, ciri khas tersebut ditambahkan dengan mengenakan wig khasnya.<ref name=\"pal\">{{Cite news|date=2010-07-26|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|url=http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|dead-url=no|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|publisher=sriwijayapost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204045411/http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|archive-date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-12-12}}</ref>\n\nDalam tampilan di panggung, Sule juga mempunyai kemampuan ''blocking'' yang lumayan. Sule termasuk salah satu pelawak yang punya karakter melucu yang kuat dan unik. Akan tetapi, Sule mengawali naik panggung bukan dengan lawakan, melainkan sebagai [[pemain musik]]. Meskipun sudah sangat terkenal, namun Sule ternyata masih memendam satu cita-cita, yaitu ''go international'', walaupun dirinya sebenarnya tidak pandai ber[[bahasa Inggris]]. Kendati telah bergelimang harta, namun Sule tidak mau hidup bermewah-mewah dan mengaku ingin tetap hidup sederhana.{{fact}} Kini, Sule pun sudah memiliki bisnis di [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Barat]], berupa [[salon]], [[warnet]], [[toko baju]], [[ponsel]], dan [[studio musik]].<ref name=pal/>\n\nPria pencetus ucapan \"''prikitiw''\" itu dahulu tetap betah menempati tempat tinggalnya yang terdahulu, yaitu sebuah kamar kos di kawasan [[Jakarta Selatan]]. Sebagai seorang pelawak, Sule memang tidak ada matinya. Ia selalu bercanda dan tertawa lepas pada saat dirinya sedang berada di lokasi ''shooting'', dan sering mengagetkan banyak orang dengan ulahnya yang konyol untuk menghibur. Sule tetap ingat saudaranya, dan membagi-bagi rezeki juga untuk adik-adiknya.<ref name=pal/>\n\nSetelah selama lebih dari 5 tahun di acara [[Opera Van Java]], pada tanggal [[28 April]] [[2014]], Sule akhirnya secara resmi mengundurkan diri dari acara yang telah membesarkan namanya. Sule pergi bukan tanpa alasan, melainkan karena dia tidak lagi memperpanjang kontraknya, dengan alasan padatnya jadwal yang harus dijalani olehnya, dan tentu itu sangat menguras waktu dan tenaga. Sule kebanyakan berangkat pada pagi hari, dan pulang hingga dini hari, kondisi ini sangat membutuhkan kebugaran juga kesehatan yang prima, serta pengertian dari pihak keluarga. Waktu untuk berkumpul bersama dengan keluarga hampir bisa dikatakan hanya 2 jam per hari, sementara dia sendiri juga ingin merasakan kebahagiaan bersama dengan keluarganya.{{fact}}\n\n== Kehidupan pribadi ==\nPada tanggal [[20 September]] [[2018]], Sule resmi bercerai dengan Lina Jubaedah, istri pertamanya. Lina menggugat cerai Sule pada tanggal [[26 April]] [[2018]]. Sidang pertama gugatan cerai ini digelar pada tanggal [[7 Juni]] [[2018]]. Isu orang ketiga diduga menjadi penyebab perceraian pasangan ini.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Amalia|first2=Sita|title=Resmi Berpisah, 5 Fakta Proses Cerai Sule yang Bikin Heboh|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|work=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2021-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|dead-url=no}}</ref> Almarhumah Lina sendiri wafat pada tanggal [[4 Januari]] [[2020]] silam.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rahmadi|first=Dedi|title=Lina, Mantan Istri Komedian Sule Meninggal Dunia|url=https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318001848/https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pasangan ini dikaruniai tiga orang putra dan seorang putri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-04|title=Lina Mantan Istri Sule Meninggal, Ini Profil 4 Anaknya dengan Sule, dari Rizky Febian hingga Ferdi|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-12-12|last=Putranto|first=Wahyu Gilang|editor-last=Juliati|editor-first=Sri|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212070311/https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\nSempat diisukan menjalin hubungan spesial dengan beberapa wanita, seperti aktris [[Naomi Zaskia]], penyanyi [[Baby Shima]], penyanyi [[Ayu Ting Ting]], penyanyi [[Rita Tila]], [[Amy Qanita]] (yang merupakan ibunda dari [[Raffi Ahmad]]), dan juga presenter [[Chika Jessica]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Masih Menduda, Ini Deretan Wanita yang Disebut Calon Istri Sule - VIVA|url=https://www.viva.co.id/amp/showbiz/gosip/1305751-masih-menduda-ini-deretan-wanita-yang-disebut-calon-istri-sule|work=[[VIVA.co.id]]|access-date=2021-03-06|last=Adhiyasa|first=Donny|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001053445/https://www.viva.co.id/amp/showbiz/gosip/1305751-masih-menduda-ini-deretan-wanita-yang-disebut-calon-istri-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sule Ditolak Amy Qanita Untuk Hubungan Serius, Ibu Raffi Ahmad Buka Suara|url=https://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2020/06/30/sule-ditolak-amy-qanita-untuk-hubungan-serius-ibu-raffi-ahmad-buka-suara|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|last=Kurniawan|first=Nia|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728051656/https://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2020/06/30/sule-ditolak-amy-qanita-untuk-hubungan-serius-ibu-raffi-ahmad-buka-suara|dead-url=no}}</ref> Sule pada akhirnya menikah lagi dengan penyanyi dan DJ [[Nathalie Holscher]] pada tanggal [[15 November]] [[2020]], dan disiarkan secara langsung oleh [[stasiun televisi]] [[antv]], kanal [[YouTube]] [[RANS Entertainment]], dan aplikasi [[MAXstream]], serta dipandu oleh [[Raffi Ahmad]], [[Andre Taulany]], dan [[Nagita Slavina]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=LIVE Streaming Sule dan Nathalie Holscher Menikah, ANTV MAXstream Rans Entertainment, Doakan Lancar|url=https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2020/11/15/live-streaming-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher-menikah-antv-maxstream-rans-entertainment-doakan-lancar|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|last=Arofiati|first=Amalia Husnul|archive-date=2021-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420174713/https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2020/11/15/live-streaming-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher-menikah-antv-maxstream-rans-entertainment-doakan-lancar|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pasangan ini dikaruniai seorang putra.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Febrian|first=Prih Prawesti|title=Adzam Ardiansyah Sutisna, Nama Anak Sule dan Nathalie Holscher|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2021-12-12|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212065420/https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\nSayangnya, hubungan rumah tangga mereka tidak berlangsung lama. Pada 3 Juli 2022, Nathalie resmi mengajukan gugatan cerai ke Pengadilan Agama Cikarang dan telah terverifikasi pada 5 Juli 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sobirin|title=Sule Digugat Cerai Nathalie Holscher, Sidang Akan Digelar 20 Juli 2022 - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-07-24|archive-date=2022-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726063828/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022|dead-url=no}}</ref> Upaya mediasi pun sempat dilakukan pada 20 Juli 2022, namun mereka berdua sepakat untuk berpisah.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sitorus|date=2022-07-21|title=Sepakat Cerai, Ini Kata Nathalie Holscher Soal Berat Rujuk dengan Sule|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule|work=[[Okezone.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-07-24|first=Santi Florensia|archive-date=2022-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724040312/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref> Mereka berdua resmi bercerai pada 10 Agustus 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anggraeni|date=2022-08-10|title=Resmi Cerai, Nathalie Holscher Dapat 2 Mobil dan Rumah dari Sule|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule|work=[[Okezone.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-11|first=Ayu Utami|archive-date=2022-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811152829/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\n== Acara TV ==\n{{col|2}}\n* ''[[Saung SOS]]'' ([[MNCTV|TPI]])\n* ''[[Saung Sule]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[Komedi Putarr]]'' ([[MNCTV|TPI]])\n* ''[[Made in Indonesia (acara televisi)|Made in Indonesia]]'' ([[GTV (Indonesia)|Global TV]])\n* ''[[Opera Van Java]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[OKB]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[Sahurnya OVJ|Opera Van Java Sahur]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[Dag Dig Dug Nunggu Bedug]]'' ([[MNCTV|TPI]])\n* ''[[Big Show (acara televisi)|Big Show]]'' ([[MNCTV|TPI]])\n* ''[[Sahurnya OVJ]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[OVJ Sahurnya Indonesia]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[OVJ Roadshow]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[PAS Mantab]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[Opera Anak]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[SOS (acara televisi)|SOS]]'' ([[MNCTV]])\n* ''[[Bukan Talent Biasa]]'' ([[RCTI]])\n* ''[[Siang Seru Sama Sule]]'' ([[GTV (Indonesia)|Global TV]])\n* ''[[Ini Talkshow]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Ini Sahur]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''Saung Cinta'' ([[antv]])\n* ''[[Kata Bergaya]]'' ([[antv]])\n* ''[[Bukan Sekedar Wayang]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Comedy Night Live]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Cepot Show]]'' ([[MNCTV]])\n* ''[[The Best of Ini Talkshow]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Alkisah]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[New Comedy Night Live]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Ini Weekend]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Ini Ramadan]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Pesbukers|Sahurnya Pesbukers]]'' ([[antv]])\n* ''[[Rumah Seleb]]'' ([[MNCTV]])\n* ''[[Canda Wayang]]'' ([[MNCTV]])\n* ''[[Santuy Malam]]'' ([[Trans TV]])\n* ''[[Kontes Dangdut Indonesia|Kontes Dangdut Indonesia 2020]]'' ([[MNCTV]])\n* ''[[Cerita Cinta Sule]]'' ([[Trans TV]])\n* ''[[D'Cafe]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[Opera Van Java|OVJ Sabtu Seru]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[SOS Show]]'' ([[TVRI Jawa Barat]] dan [[TVRI (saluran televisi)|TVRI Nasional]])\n* ''[[Duo Komedian]]'' ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]])\n* ''[[eSports Star Indonesia]]'' ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]])\n* ''[[PT Bule]]'' ([[TVRI (saluran televisi)|TVRI Nasional]])\n* ''[[Festival Komedi]]'' ([[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]])\n* ''[[Ini Sahur Lagi]]'' ([[NET.]])\n* ''[[Canda of The Day: Sahur Yuk]]'' ([[TVRI (saluran televisi)|TVRI Nasional]])\n* ''[[Komedi Bikin Happy]]'' ([[TVRI (saluran televisi)|TVRI Nasional]])\n* ''[[Canda of The Day]]'' ([[TVRI (saluran televisi)|TVRI Nasional]])\n* ''[[Dinasti Tambun]]'' ([[Rajawali Televisi|RTV]])\n* ''[[Ketupat Sultan]]'' ([[antv]])\n* ''[[Canda Empire]]'' ([[Rajawali Televisi|RTV]])\n* ''[[Arisan (acara televisi)|Arisan]]'' ([[Trans7]])\n* ''[[Cari Berkah]]'' ([[BTV (Indonesia)|BTV]])\n{{endcol}}\n\n== Diskografi ==\n{{col|2}}\n* ''Sinyal Cinta'' - [[2009]]\n* ''Susis'' (Suami Sieun Istri) (OST [[Awas Ada Sule]]) – [[2010]]\n* ''Prikitiew Bye Bye'' – 2010\n* ''Bola Salju'' – 2010\n* ''Be Happy'' – 2010\n* ''Putus Cinta'' – 2010\n* ''Salingkuh'' – 2010\n* ''Cenat Cenut (bersama SM#SH)'' – [[2011]]\n* ''Andeca Andeci (bersama 7 Ikans)'' – 2011\n* ''Cicilalang'' – 2011\n* ''Dadang Dudung (Variasi Cicilalang)'' – 2011\n* ''Senyumlah Ibu'' – [[2012]]\n* ''Mimin I love you'' – 2012\n* ''Smile U don't Cry (bersama [[Andre Taulany]])'' – 2011\n* ''Potong Bebek Angsa (bersama Super Senior)'' – 2012\n* ''Saranghaeyo, Sule Feat Eru (Aku Cinta Padamu)'' – [[2013]]\n* ''Smile U don't Cry (remix) (bersama 3 Djanggo)'' – 2013\n* ''Atitnya Tuh Disini (bersama Cita Citaku)'' – [[2014]]\n* ''Wanita Luar Biasa'' – [[2015]]\n* ''Revormasi Cinta'' – 2015\n* ''Follow Me'' – 2015\n* ''Cinta Suci -'' 2015\n* ''Aku Cinta Indonesia'' – 2015\n* ''Lagu Baruku'' – 2015\n*''Happy New Year'' — 2016\n*''Abah Ema'' — 2016\n*''Ada Kodok'' — 2016\n*''Oh Kekasihku'' — 2016\n*''Kok-Rup-Sih (bersama [[Mang Saswi]])'' — 2016\n*''Kesempurnaan Cinta'' — 2016\n*''Blues Night'' — 2017\n* ''Susis Juga Manusia'' — 2017\n*''Kang Dedi Urang Lembur'' — 2017\n*''My Embe'' — 2017\n*''Ramadhan Telah Tiba'' — 2017\n*''Lebaran Datang'' — 2017\n*''Wanita Luar Biasa'' — 2017\n*''Aya Hiji Kurung'' — 2017\n*''Goyang Sule'' — 2017\n*''Jangan Jajan di Jalan'' — 2018\n*''Mimin Dugem'' — 2018\n*''Wanita Terhebat'' — 2018\n*''Hapunten Abah'' — 2018\n*''Pati Lalaki'' — 2018\n*''Balada Seniman'' — 2018\n*''Lampah Diri'' — 2018\n* ''Gara Gara Dia'' — 2018\n*''Tresna Duaan (bersama [[Rita Tila]])'' — 2018\n*''Ngalanglayung'' — 2019\n*''Cuci Mata'' — 2019\n*''Gombal'' — 2019\n*''Iraha Lebaran (Hanaang)'' — 2019\n*''Terpisah Jarak dan Waktu (bersama [[Baby Shima]])'' — 2019\n*''Pengen Nikahan'' — 2019\n*''Hayu Puasa'' — 2020\n*''Corona Melanda'' — 2020\n*''Perjalanan Cinta (bersama [[Nabilla Gomes]])'' — 2020\n*''Randa Anak Dua'' — 2020\n*''Satu di Hati (bersama [[Nathalie Holscher]])'' — 2020\n*''Santuykan Aja'' — 2021\n*''Runtah (bersama [[Doel Sumbang]])'' — 2021\n*''Hanya Dirimu'' — 2021\n*''Ramadhan Datang'' — 2022\n*''Cinta Sanpai Mita (parodi Cinta Sampai Mati)'' — 2022\n*''Perjalanan Cinta (bersama [[Ucie Sucita]])'' — 2023\n* ''Midua Cinta 2'' — 2023\n* ''Nyelot Deui'' — 2023\n{{endcol}}\n\n== Filmografi ==\n=== Film ===\n\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Peran\n|-\n|2009\n|''[[Janda Kembang]]''\n|Erik\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Arwah Kuntilanak Duyung]]''\n|Tukang Ojek\n|-\n|2012\n|''[[Sule, Ay Need You]]''\n|rowspan=\"3\"|Sule\n|-\n|2013\n|''[[Sule Detektif Tokek]]''\n|-\n|2018\n|''[[Hongkong Kasarung]]''\n|}\n\n=== Sinetron ===\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Peran\n!Produksi \n|-\n|2008\n|''Mansoor La Gokilun/Ingat Ingat Lupa''\n| rowspan=\"4\" |Sule\n|[[Multivision Plus]]\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Tom & Juned]]''\n|JVT Film\n|-\n|2012\n|''[[Aladdin (seri televisi 2012)|Aladin]]''\n|[[MD Entertainment]]\n|-\n| 2009-2011\n| ''[[Awas Ada Sule]]''\n| [[Layar Production]]<br>[[E-Motion Entertainment]]\n|-\n| 2011-2012\n| ''[[Awas Ada Sule 2]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Sule\n| rowspan=\"4\" | [[E-Motion Entertainment]]\n|-\n|2012-2013\n|''[[Untung Ada Sule]]''\n|-\n|2013\n|''[[Oesman 77]]''\n|Pak Oesman\n|-\n| 2018\n| ''[[Awas Ada Sule Lagi]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Sule\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2020\n| rowspan=\"2\" |''[[4 Sehat 5 Sule]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |[[MNC Pictures]]\n|-\n|Sule/\nAbah Odoh\n|-\n|}\n\n=== FTV ===\n<i>\n* Dadang Dudung\n* Dadang Dudung 2\n* Sule Love Mimin\n* When Sule Meet Sulis\n* Steven Cau I Love You\n* Steven Cau I Love You 2\n* Rahasia Hati Sopir Istri (2014)\n* Sule Sok British (2017)\n* Sule Glen Kemon Mudik\n* Sule Racun Cinta di Kedai Kopi (2018)\n* Sule Pulang Haji Dapet Jodoh\n* Cintaku Dimakan Cacing (2019)\n* Sule Saingan (2019)\n* Sule Kangen Mantan (2019)\n* Sule KKN Di Desa Penyanyi (2020)\n* Sule Pak Penghulu I Love You\n* Sule Mengejar Hoki (2020)\n* Sule Kutunggu Kau di Garis Finish \n* Sul33 Siap Nikah Lagi (2023)\n</i>\n\n=== Model video klip ===\n<i>\n* [[Di Atas Normal]] — [[Noah (grup musik)|Noah]] (2022)\n* Berona — [[Rizky Febian]] (2023)\n</i>\n\n== Penghargaan dan nominasi ==\n{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n! Tahun\n! Penghargaan\n! Kategori\n! Hasil\n|-\n| [[2010]]\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2010]]\n| rowspan=\"9\" |Komedian Terfavorit\n| {{nom}}\n|-\n| rowspan=2 |[[2011]]\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2011]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" {{won}}\n|-\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2012]]\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2012]]\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2013]]\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2013]]\n| {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n| {{won}}\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2014]]\n|  [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2014]]\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2015]]\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n| Presenter Favorit\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2015]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Komedian Terfavorit\n|-\n| rowspan=4  |[[2016]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2016]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|-\n| Pembawa Acara Talkshow Terpopuler\n|-\n| rowspan=2|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2016]]\n| Presenter Talkshow Terfavorit\n| rowspan=\"6\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Komedian Terfavorit\n|-\n| rowspan=4  |[[2017]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2017]]\n|-\n| Presenter Talkshow Variety & Entertainment Terfavorit\n|-\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2017]]\n| Pembawa Acara Terpopuler\n|-\n| Duet Pembawa Acara Terpopuler (bersama [[Andre Taulany]])\n|-\n| rowspan=3  |[[2018]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2018]]\n| Pembawa Acara Terpopuler\n| {{won}}\n|-\n| Pasangan Program TV Terpopuler (bersama [[Andre Taulany]])\n| rowspan=\"3\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2018]]\n| Presenter Entertainment Variety & Talkshow\n|-\n| rowspan=4  |[[2019]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2019]]\n| Pembawa Acara Terpopuler\n|-\n| Komedian Terpopuler\n| rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|-\n| [[Selebrita Awards 2019]]\n| Selebriti Komedian Terfavorit\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2019]]\n| Presenter Entertainment Variety & Talkshow Terfavorit\n| rowspan=\"3\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[2020]]\n| [[Indonesian Television Awards 2020]]\n| Pembawa Acara Televisi Terpopuler\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[2022]]\n| [[Kiss Awards 2022]]\n| Komedian/Komika Terkiss\n|-\n| [[Indonesia Comedy Awards 2022]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Komedian Terfavorit\n|{{won}}\n|-\n|2023\n|Indonesian Comedy Awards\n|{{nom}}\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{Kapanlagi|s|sule}}\n* {{IMDb name|4307999}}\n* {{Facebook|stephen.sule.98}}\n* {{Instagram|ferdinan_sule}}\n* {{Twitter|newsuleprikitiw}}\n* [https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSd4FG5TS/ Sule] di [[TikTok]]\n* {{YouTube|channel=UCZWk_k207M--sLScrLdM3JQ|SULE}}\n\n{{Navboxes\n|list={{Opera Van Java}}\n{{Comedy Night Live}}\n}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Sutisna, Entis}}\n[[Kategori:Pembawa acara Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Pembawa acara televisi Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Pemeran laki-laki Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Pelawak Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Cimahi]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Sunda]]\n[[Kategori:Seniman Sunda]]\n[[Kategori:Seniman Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Komedian Sunda]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Jawa Barat]]\n[[Kategori:Alumni Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung]]","hash":"15b297e93f44a97ccf112366f919d1be198eaccbe28eb4cf247bf03e9fcd1612","last_revision":"2024-04-23T18:38:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:36:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.173542","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"انتيس سوتيسنا","en":"Sule (comedian)","jv":"Sule","ms":"Sule","pl":"Sule (komik)","su":"Sulé","zh":"苏丽 (喜剧演员)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Sutisna atau yang lebih dikenal secara profesional dengan nama panggung Sule (), adalah seorang pelawak, pembawa acara, penyanyi, dan aktor berkebangsaan Indonesia.\n\nSule lahir di Cimahi, Jawa Barat, 15 November 1976 (sementara di surat pengantar nikahnya tertulis Bandung, 15-11-1973). Ia lahir sebagai anak kedua dari empat bersaudara dari pasangan Dodo Mulyana (wafat 2017) dan Engkom Komara. Ayahnya seorang penjual bakso keliling. Ayahnya selalu membanyol dan membuat para pembeli baksonya tertawa. Bakat melawak Sule berasal dari ayahnya. Kakaknya bernama Iwan Setiawan.\n\nSule akrab dipanggil Entis oleh ibunya. Nama Sule merupakan julukan masyarakat kampungnya untuk orang tua yang suka ingusan. Sule adalah singkatan dari kata susut lého dalam bahasa Sunda yang berarti 'mengelap ingus' dalam bahasa Indonesia.\n\nSule, yang pernah dibimbing oleh pelawak senior Kang Ibing ini, sudah memiliki bakat melawak sejak kelas 3 SD. Kala itu, Sule kecil sering tampil di acara Agustus-an.\n\nSule menempuh pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Bandung yang kini bernama SMK Negeri 10 Bandung. Setelah lulus, ia menikahi Lina Jubaedah tahun 1997 dalam usia 19 tahun. Kemudian, ia berkuliah di Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Bandung yang kini bernama Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung. namun tidak sampai selesai.\n\nSule mengaku dulu, pada saat baru menikahi Lina pada tahun 1997, dia tinggal di rumah kontrakan petak. Penghasilannya dari melawak hanya Rp20 ribu sehari, agar dapurnya bisa tetap ngebul, Sule nyambi menjual jagung rebus keliling kampung, berdagang ayam goreng dan berjualan kebaya di kampus.\n\nNekat pergi ke Jakarta belasan tahun yang lalu, Sule mengaku bahwa ia bercita-cita menjadi pembawa acara televisi, sehingga nekat pindah dari Jawa Barat ke Jakarta. Berbekal keahlian menari, dia mencoba mengadu nasib di ibu kota. Alumnus STSI Bandung ini kemudian berkelana dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya di Jakarta. Kesempatan mengikuti API (Audisi Pelawak Indonesia) di TPI bersama dengan Oni Suwarman dan Obin Wahyudin adalah jalan pintas menuju sukses Sule. Tidak sampai setahun setelah berhasil menjuarai Superstar Show, sebuah acara duet selebriti di Indosiar membuat karier Sule pun terus menanjak. Namanya pun masuk ke dalam jajaran pelawak papan atas. Tahun 2009 dan 2010 adalah tahun-tahun keemasan bagi Sule.\n\nKariernya mulai bersinar setelah sukses memenangi lomba Audisi Pelawak TPI (API) bersama dengan grup Lawak SOS. Hanya setahun setelah itu, nama Sule mulai diperhitungkan. Namanya terus melambung ke jajaran pelawak papan atas, yang penghasilannya melebihi pelawak papan atas yang lain, seperti misalnya Komeng dan sebagainya. Penghasilannya bisa mencapai lebih dari Rp 1 miliar per-bulan, yang didapatkan dari beberapa stasiun TV, antara lain hasil dari acara Opera Van Java di Trans7, sinetron komedi Awas Ada Sule di Global TV, dan juga melalui berbagai macam iklan yang dimainkan oleh Sule.\n\nOpera Van Java adalah salah satu acara televisi yang menghasilkan banyak uang bagi Sule. Dari acara ini, hanya untuk sekali tampil saja, Sule memperoleh penghasilan sebesar Rp 50 juta, atau naik dibanding sebelumnya yang jumlahnya mencapai total sebesar Rp 20 juta – Rp 40 juta. Pemilik rambut gondrong dan pirang ini terkenal dengan gaya khasnya, yakni kalau sudah mendengar musik jaipongan, maka ia akan langsung reflek joget, sehingga sering mengundang orang tertawa. Rupanya, gaya khasnya itu lalu menjadi tambahan karakter Sule.\n\nBersama Andre Taulany dan pembawa acara Ini Talkshow lainnya, Sule terkadang menjadi impersonator sebagai salah satu gimmick pada acara tersebut. Terhitung sudah beberapa selebritas yang telah ia tiru, seperti Alam, Ozy Syahputra, Limbad, Saykoji, Michael Jackson, Axl Rose, dan lain-lain.\n\nSule semakin hari semakin cemerlang. Dia menjadi salah satu pelawak termahal di Indonesia, dengan penghasilannya yang bisa mencapai Rp 1 miliar setiap bulannya.\n\nSelain melawak, Sule juga dikenal pintar menyanyi, dan pandai membanyol atau melucu. Alumni STSI Bandung ini juga memiliki kekhasan dalam penampilan, yakni rambutnya yang panjang warna pirang, sehingga bisa melengkapi karakternya. Kini, ciri khas tersebut ditambahkan dengan mengenakan wig khasnya.\n\nDalam tampilan di panggung, Sule juga mempunyai kemampuan blocking yang lumayan. Sule termasuk salah satu pelawak yang punya karakter melucu yang kuat dan unik. Akan tetapi, Sule mengawali naik panggung bukan dengan lawakan, melainkan sebagai pemain musik. Meskipun sudah sangat terkenal, namun Sule ternyata masih memendam satu cita-cita, yaitu go international, walaupun dirinya sebenarnya tidak pandai berbahasa Inggris. Kendati telah bergelimang harta, namun Sule tidak mau hidup bermewah-mewah dan mengaku ingin tetap hidup sederhana. Kini, Sule pun sudah memiliki bisnis di Bandung, Jawa Barat, berupa salon, warnet, toko baju, ponsel, dan studio musik.\n\nPria pencetus ucapan \"prikitiw\" itu dahulu tetap betah menempati tempat tinggalnya yang terdahulu, yaitu sebuah kamar kos di kawasan Jakarta Selatan. Sebagai seorang pelawak, Sule memang tidak ada matinya. Ia selalu bercanda dan tertawa lepas pada saat dirinya sedang berada di lokasi shooting, dan sering mengagetkan banyak orang dengan ulahnya yang konyol untuk menghibur. Sule tetap ingat saudaranya, dan membagi-bagi rezeki juga untuk adik-adiknya.\n\nSetelah selama lebih dari 5 tahun di acara Opera Van Java, pada tanggal 28 April 2014, Sule akhirnya secara resmi mengundurkan diri dari acara yang telah membesarkan namanya. Sule pergi bukan tanpa alasan, melainkan karena dia tidak lagi memperpanjang kontraknya, dengan alasan padatnya jadwal yang harus dijalani olehnya, dan tentu itu sangat menguras waktu dan tenaga. Sule kebanyakan berangkat pada pagi hari, dan pulang hingga dini hari, kondisi ini sangat membutuhkan kebugaran juga kesehatan yang prima, serta pengertian dari pihak keluarga. Waktu untuk berkumpul bersama dengan keluarga hampir bisa dikatakan hanya 2 jam per hari, sementara dia sendiri juga ingin merasakan kebahagiaan bersama dengan keluarganya.\n\nPada tanggal 20 September 2018, Sule resmi bercerai dengan Lina Jubaedah, istri pertamanya. Lina menggugat cerai Sule pada tanggal 26 April 2018. Sidang pertama gugatan cerai ini digelar pada tanggal 7 Juni 2018. Isu orang ketiga diduga menjadi penyebab perceraian pasangan ini. Almarhumah Lina sendiri wafat pada tanggal 4 Januari 2020 silam. Pasangan ini dikaruniai tiga orang putra dan seorang putri.\n\nSempat diisukan menjalin hubungan spesial dengan beberapa wanita, seperti aktris Naomi Zaskia, penyanyi Baby Shima, penyanyi Ayu Ting Ting, penyanyi Rita Tila, Amy Qanita (yang merupakan ibunda dari Raffi Ahmad), dan juga presenter Chika Jessica, Sule pada akhirnya menikah lagi dengan penyanyi dan DJ Nathalie Holscher pada tanggal 15 November 2020, dan disiarkan secara langsung oleh stasiun televisi antv, kanal YouTube RANS Entertainment, dan aplikasi MAXstream, serta dipandu oleh Raffi Ahmad, Andre Taulany, dan Nagita Slavina. Pasangan ini dikaruniai seorang putra.\n\nSayangnya, hubungan rumah tangga mereka tidak berlangsung lama. Pada 3 Juli 2022, Nathalie resmi mengajukan gugatan cerai ke Pengadilan Agama Cikarang dan telah terverifikasi pada 5 Juli 2022. Upaya mediasi pun sempat dilakukan pada 20 Juli 2022, namun mereka berdua sepakat untuk berpisah. Mereka berdua resmi bercerai pada 10 Agustus 2022.\n\nSaung SOS (TPI) Saung Sule (Trans7) Komedi Putarr (TPI) Made in Indonesia (Global TV) Opera Van Java (Trans7) OKB (Trans7) Opera Van Java Sahur (Trans7) Dag Dig Dug Nunggu Bedug (TPI) Big Show (TPI) Sahurnya OVJ (Trans7) OVJ Sahurnya Indonesia (Trans7) OVJ Roadshow (Trans7) PAS Mantab (Trans7) Opera Anak (Trans7) SOS (MNCTV) Bukan Talent Biasa (RCTI) Siang Seru Sama Sule (Global TV) Ini Talkshow (NET.) Ini Sahur (NET.) Saung Cinta (antv) Kata Bergaya (antv) Bukan Sekedar Wayang (NET.) Comedy Night Live (NET.) Cepot Show (MNCTV) The Best of Ini Talkshow (NET.) Alkisah (NET.) New Comedy Night Live (NET.) Ini Weekend (NET.) Ini Ramadan (NET.) Sahurnya Pesbukers (antv) Rumah Seleb (MNCTV) Canda Wayang (MNCTV) Santuy Malam (Trans TV) Kontes Dangdut Indonesia 2020 (MNCTV) Cerita Cinta Sule (Trans TV) D'Cafe (Trans7) OVJ Sabtu Seru (Trans7) SOS Show (TVRI Jawa Barat dan TVRI Nasional) Duo Komedian (GTV) eSports Star Indonesia (GTV) PT Bule (TVRI Nasional) Festival Komedi (GTV) Ini Sahur Lagi (NET.) Canda of The Day: Sahur Yuk (TVRI Nasional) Komedi Bikin Happy (TVRI Nasional) Canda of The Day (TVRI Nasional) Dinasti Tambun (RTV) Ketupat Sultan (antv) Canda Empire (RTV) Arisan (Trans7) Cari Berkah (BTV)\n\nSinyal Cinta - 2009 Susis (Suami Sieun Istri) (OST Awas Ada Sule) – 2010 Prikitiew Bye Bye – 2010 Bola Salju – 2010 Be Happy – 2010 Putus Cinta – 2010 Salingkuh – 2010 Cenat Cenut (bersama SM#SH) – 2011 Andeca Andeci (bersama 7 Ikans) – 2011 Cicilalang – 2011 Dadang Dudung (Variasi Cicilalang) – 2011 Senyumlah Ibu – 2012 Mimin I love you – 2012 Smile U don't Cry (bersama Andre Taulany) – 2011 Potong Bebek Angsa (bersama Super Senior) – 2012 Saranghaeyo, Sule Feat Eru (Aku Cinta Padamu) – 2013 Smile U don't Cry (remix) (bersama 3 Djanggo) – 2013 Atitnya Tuh Disini (bersama Cita Citaku) – 2014 Wanita Luar Biasa – 2015 Revormasi Cinta – 2015 Follow Me – 2015 Cinta Suci - 2015 Aku Cinta Indonesia – 2015 Lagu Baruku – 2015 Happy New Year — 2016 Abah Ema — 2016 Ada Kodok — 2016 Oh Kekasihku — 2016 Kok-Rup-Sih (bersama Mang Saswi) — 2016 Kesempurnaan Cinta — 2016 Blues Night — 2017 Susis Juga Manusia — 2017 Kang Dedi Urang Lembur — 2017 My Embe — 2017 Ramadhan Telah Tiba — 2017 Lebaran Datang — 2017 Wanita Luar Biasa — 2017 Aya Hiji Kurung — 2017 Goyang Sule — 2017 Jangan Jajan di Jalan — 2018 Mimin Dugem — 2018 Wanita Terhebat — 2018 Hapunten Abah — 2018 Pati Lalaki — 2018 Balada Seniman — 2018 Lampah Diri — 2018 Gara Gara Dia — 2018 Tresna Duaan (bersama Rita Tila) — 2018 Ngalanglayung — 2019 Cuci Mata — 2019 Gombal — 2019 Iraha Lebaran (Hanaang) — 2019 Terpisah Jarak dan Waktu (bersama Baby Shima) — 2019 Pengen Nikahan — 2019 Hayu Puasa — 2020 Corona Melanda — 2020 Perjalanan Cinta (bersama Nabilla Gomes) — 2020 Randa Anak Dua — 2020 Satu di Hati (bersama Nathalie Holscher) — 2020 Santuykan Aja — 2021 Runtah (bersama Doel Sumbang) — 2021 Hanya Dirimu — 2021 Ramadhan Datang — 2022 Cinta Sanpai Mita (parodi Cinta Sampai Mati) — 2022 Perjalanan Cinta (bersama Ucie Sucita) — 2023 Midua Cinta 2 — 2023 Nyelot Deui — 2023\n\nDadang Dudung Dadang Dudung 2 Sule Love Mimin When Sule Meet Sulis Steven Cau I Love You Steven Cau I Love You 2 Rahasia Hati Sopir Istri (2014) Sule Sok British (2017) Sule Glen Kemon Mudik Sule Racun Cinta di Kedai Kopi (2018) Sule Pulang Haji Dapet Jodoh Cintaku Dimakan Cacing (2019) Sule Saingan (2019) Sule Kangen Mantan (2019) Sule KKN Di Desa Penyanyi (2020) Sule Pak Penghulu I Love You Sule Mengejar Hoki (2020) Sule Kutunggu Kau di Garis Finish Sul33 Siap Nikah Lagi (2023)\n\nDi Atas Normal — Noah (2022) Berona — Rizky Febian (2023)\n\nSule di TikTok\n\nKategori:Pembawa acara Indonesia Kategori:Pembawa acara televisi Indonesia Kategori:Pemeran laki-laki Indonesia Kategori:Pelawak Indonesia Kategori:Penyanyi Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Cimahi Kategori:Tokoh Sunda Kategori:Seniman Sunda Kategori:Seniman Indonesia Kategori:Komedian Sunda Kategori:Tokoh Jawa Barat Kategori:Alumni Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n| name               = Sule\n| image              = Sule Sutisna, Ini Talk Show, 07.21.jpg\n| imagesize          = \n| caption            = Sule di acara [[Ini Talkshow]] pada tahun 2019\n| othername          = {{hlist|Sule|Entis Sutisna|Entis}}\n| birth_name         = Sutisna\n| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1976|11|15}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2020/10/20/074811/kua-tambun-benarkan-sule-sudah-urus-surat-nikah-dengan-nathalie-holscher?page=all |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2021-07-26 |archive-date=2021-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726020047/https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2020/10/20/074811/kua-tambun-benarkan-sule-sudah-urus-surat-nikah-dengan-nathalie-holscher?page=all |dead-url=no }}</ref>\n| birth_place        = [[Cimahi]], [[Jawa Barat]], Indonesia\n| country of region  = \n| occupation         = {{hlist|[[Pelawak]]|[[pembawa acara]]|[[aktor]]|[[Seniman]]|[[YouTuber]]}}\n| yearsactive        = 2004–sekarang\n| spouse             = {{marriage|Lina Jubaedah (w. 2020)|27 August 1997|2018|reason=divorced}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2018/09/20/resmi-bercerai-lina-tidak-mendapat-harta-dari-sule|title=Resmi Bercerai, Lina Tidak Mendapat Harta dari Sule|publisher=[[Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|last=Wardhani|first=Anita K|editor-last=Wardhani|editor-first=Anita K|access-date=2018-09-20|archive-date=2018-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921034427/http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2018/09/20/resmi-bercerai-lina-tidak-mendapat-harta-dari-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref> <br/> {{marriage|[[Nathalie Holscher]]|15 November 2020|2022|reason=divorced}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsmaker.tribunnews.com/2020/11/17/tampil-memukau-intip-7-potret-nathalie-holscher-saat-menikah-dengan-sule|title=Tampil Memukau, Intip 7 Potret Nathalie Holscher saat Menikah dengan Sule|publisher=[[Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|last=Hanna|first=Suli|access-date=2020-12-13|archive-date=2021-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124103657/https://newsmaker.tribunnews.com/2020/11/17/tampil-memukau-intip-7-potret-nathalie-holscher-saat-menikah-dengan-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n| children           = '''Pernikahan dengan Lina Jubaedah:'''<!-- Kolom ini diisi hanya jumlah anak; hanya nama anak yang secara independen sudah terkenal atau telah memiliki artikelnya di Wikipedia; bila ada rujukan/referensi, uraikan pada artikel --><br>4, termasuk [[Rizky Febian|Rizky Febian Adriansyah Sutisna]]<br>'''Pernikahan dengan [[Nathalie Holscher]]:'''<br>1\n| father             = Dodo Mulyana\n| mother             = Engkom Komara\n| height             = <!-- Jangan menambahkan data tinggi badan tanpa rujukan -->\n| alma_mater         = {{plainlist|\n* [[SMK Negeri 10 Bandung|SMKI Negeri Bandung]]\n* [[Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|STSI Bandung]]\n}}\n| signature          = Sule (signature).svg\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sutisna atau yang lebih dikenal secara profesional dengan nama panggung Sule (), adalah seorang pelawak, pembawa acara, penyanyi, dan aktor berkebangsaan Indonesia.","translated_text":"Sutisna or better known professionally by her stage name Sule (), is an Indonesian comedian, presenter, singer, and actor.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=nama>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|title=Entis Sutisna Ternyata Bukan Nama Asli Sule, Lalu Siapa?|author=Baharudin Al Farisi|publisher=Kompas.com|date=15 Mei 2020|accessdate=19 Juni 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Pangerang|editor-first=Andi Muttya Keteng|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726000052/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":7,"name":"nama","url":"https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.198038-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=nama>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|title=Entis Sutisna Ternyata Bukan Nama Asli Sule, Lalu Siapa?|author=Baharudin Al Farisi|publisher=Kompas.com|date=15 Mei 2020|accessdate=19 Juni 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Pangerang|editor-first=Andi Muttya Keteng|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726000052/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":7,"name":"nama","url":"https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.198038-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 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month.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":204738,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.899182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8671875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pria pencetus ucapan \"prikitiw\" itu dahulu tetap betah menempati tempat tinggalnya yang terdahulu, yaitu sebuah kamar kos di kawasan Jakarta Selatan.","translated_text":"The man who initiated the \"prikitiw\" speech used to live in his former residence, a guest room in South Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai seorang pelawak, Sule memang tidak ada matinya.","translated_text":"As a comedian, Sule is not dead.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia selalu bercanda dan tertawa lepas pada saat dirinya sedang berada di lokasi shooting, dan sering mengagetkan 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secara resmi mengundurkan diri dari acara yang telah membesarkan namanya.","translated_text":"After more than 5 years on the show Van Java Opera, on April 28, 2014, Sule finally officially resigned from the show that had raised his name.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule pergi bukan tanpa alasan, melainkan karena dia tidak lagi memperpanjang kontraknya, dengan alasan padatnya jadwal yang harus dijalani olehnya, dan tentu itu sangat menguras waktu dan tenaga.","translated_text":"Sule left not without a reason, but because he no longer extended his contract, because of the tight schedule he had to go through, and of course it was very time-consuming and energy-intensive.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule kebanyakan berangkat pada pagi hari, dan pulang hingga dini hari, kondisi ini sangat membutuhkan kebugaran juga kesehatan yang prima, serta pengertian dari pihak keluarga.","translated_text":"Sule usually leaves early in the morning, and returns home early in the day, this condition requires great fitness as well as prime health, and understanding from the family.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Waktu untuk berkumpul bersama dengan keluarga hampir bisa dikatakan hanya 2 jam per hari, sementara dia sendiri juga ingin merasakan kebahagiaan bersama dengan keluarganya.","translated_text":"The time spent with his family is almost two hours a day, while he himself wants to be happy with his family.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[{"type":"citation-needed","content":"{{fact}}","char_index":172}]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan pribadi","translated_text":"Personal life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tanggal 20 September 2018, Sule resmi bercerai dengan Lina Jubaedah, istri pertamanya.","translated_text":"On 20 September 2018, Sule was officially 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D. N.|last2=Amalia|first2=Sita|title=Resmi Berpisah, 5 Fakta Proses Cerai Sule yang Bikin Heboh|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|work=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2021-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":65,"name":null,"url":"https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":106604,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:39.418760-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89990234375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Amalia|first2=Sita|title=Resmi Berpisah, 5 Fakta Proses Cerai Sule yang Bikin Heboh|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|work=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2021-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":65,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:40.039310-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Almarhumah Lina sendiri wafat pada tanggal 4 Januari 2020 silam.","translated_text":"Almarhumah Lina herself died on 4 January 2020.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rahmadi|first=Dedi|title=Lina, Mantan Istri Komedian Sule Meninggal Dunia|url=https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318001848/https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":64,"name":null,"url":"https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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It's the talk show.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini Sahur (NET.)","translated_text":"This is Sahur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saung Cinta (antv) Kata Bergaya (antv) Bukan Sekedar Wayang (NET.)","translated_text":"Saung Love is not just a fantasy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Comedy Night Live (NET.)","translated_text":"Comedy Night Live (NET)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cepot Show (MNCTV)","translated_text":"It's called \"MNCTV\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Best of Ini Talkshow (NET.)","translated_text":"The Best of This Talkshow (NET)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkisah (NET.)","translated_text":"It's a story.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"New Comedy Night Live (NET.)","translated_text":"New comedy night live (net)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini Weekend (NET.)","translated_text":"It's the weekend.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini Ramadan (NET.)","translated_text":"This is Ramadan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sahurnya Pesbukers (antv) Rumah Seleb (MNCTV) Canda Wayang (MNCTV) Santuy Malam (Trans TV) Kontes Dangdut Indonesia 2020 (MNCTV) Cerita Cinta Sule (Trans TV) D'Cafe (Trans7) OVJ Sabtu Seru (Trans7) SOS Show (TVRI Jawa Barat dan TVRI Nasional)","translated_text":"It's the first time I've ever heard of this song. It's the second time I've heard it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Duo Komedian (GTV) eSports Star Indonesia (GTV) PT Bule (TVRI Nasional) Festival Komedi (GTV) Ini Sahur Lagi (NET.)","translated_text":"This is the second edition of the GTV Comedy Festival.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Canda of The Day: Sahur Yuk (TVRI Nasional) Komedi Bikin Happy (TVRI Nasional) Canda of The Day (TVRI Nasional) Dinasti Tambun (RTV) Ketupat Sultan (antv) Canda Empire (RTV) Arisan (Trans7)","translated_text":"Canda of the Day: Sahur Yuk (TVRI National) Comedy Bikin Happy (TVRI National) Canda of the Day (TVRI National) Dynasty Tambun (RTV) Ketupat Sultan (antv) Canda Empire (RTV) Arisan (Trans7)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cari Berkah (BTV)","translated_text":"Seek the Blessing","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Diskografi","translated_text":"Discography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sinyal Cinta - 2009 Susis (Suami Sieun Istri) (OST Awas Ada Sule) – 2010 Prikitiew Bye Bye – 2010 Bola Salju – 2010 Be Happy – 2010 Putus Cinta – 2010 Salingkuh – 2010 Cenat Cenut (bersama SM#SH) – 2011 Andeca Andeci (bersama 7 Ikans) – 2011 Cicilalang – 2011 Dadang Dudung (Variasi Cicilalang) – 2011 Senyumlah Ibu – 2012 Mimin I love you – 2012 Smile U don't Cry (bersama Andre Taulany) – 2011 Potong Bebek Angsa (bersama Super Senior) – 2012 Saranghaeyo, Sule Feat Eru (Aku Cinta Padamu) – 2013 Smile U don't Cry (remix) (bersama 3 Djanggo) – 2013 Atitnya Tuh Disini (bersama Cita Citaku) – 2014 Wanita Luar Biasa – 2015 Revormasi Cinta – 2015 Follow Me – 2015 Cinta Suci - 2015 Aku Cinta Indonesia – 2015 Lagu Baruku – 2015 Happy New Year — 2016 Abah Ema — 2016 Ada Kodok — 2016 Oh Kekasihku — 2016 Kok-Rup-Sih (bersama Mang Saswi) — 2016 Kesempurnaan Cinta — 2016 Blues Night — 2017 Susis Juga Manusia — 2017 Kang Dedi Urang Lembur — 2017 My Embe — 2017 Ramadhan Telah Tiba — 2017 Lebaran Datang — 2017 Wanita Luar Biasa — 2017 Aya Hiji Kurung — 2017 Goyang Sule — 2017 Jangan Jajan di Jalan — 2018 Mimin Dugem — 2018 Wanita Terhebat — 2018 Hapunten Abah — 2018 Pati Lalaki — 2018 Balada Seniman — 2018 Lampah Diri — 2018 Gara Gara Dia — 2018 Tresna Duaan (bersama Rita Tila) — 2018 Ngalanglayung — 2019 Cuci Mata — 2019 Gombal — 2019 Iraha Lebaran (Hanaang) — 2019 Terpisah Jarak dan Waktu (bersama Baby Shima) — 2019 Pengen Nikahan — 2019 Hayu Puasa — 2020 Corona Melanda — 2020 Perjalanan Cinta (bersama Nabilla Gomes) — 2020 Randa Anak Dua — 2020 Satu di Hati (bersama Nathalie Holscher) — 2020 Santuykan Aja — 2021 Runtah (bersama Doel Sumbang) — 2021 Hanya Dirimu — 2021 Ramadhan Datang — 2022 Cinta Sanpai Mita (parodi Cinta Sampai Mati) — 2022 Perjalanan Cinta (bersama Ucie Sucita) — 2023 Midua Cinta 2 — 2023 Nyelot Deui — 2023","translated_text":"Sinyal of Love - 2009 Susis (Suami Sieun Istri) (OST Awas Ada Sule)  ⁇  2010 Prikitiew Two I love you  ⁇  2010 Ball of Snow  ⁇  2010 Be Happy  ⁇  2010 Putus Cinta  ⁇  2010 Salingkuh  ⁇  2010 Cenat Cenut (with SM#SH)  ⁇  2011 Andeca Andeci (with 7 Ikans)  ⁇  2011 Cicilalang  ⁇  2011 Dadang Dudung (Vari Succi Abah Abah)  ⁇  2011 Smilelah Mama  ⁇  2012 Mimin I love you  ⁇  2012 Smile U don't love yourself  ⁇  2010 Be happy  ⁇  2010 Putus Cinta  ⁇  2010 Salingkuh  ⁇  2010 Cenat Cenut (with SM#SH)  ⁇  2011 Andeca Andeci (with 7 Ikans)  ⁇  2011 Cicilalang  ⁇  2011 Dadang Dudung (Vari Succi Abah Abah)  ⁇  2011 Smilelah Mama  ⁇  2012 Mimin I love you  ⁇  2012 Mimin I love you  ⁇  2012 Smile U don't love yourself  ⁇  2012 Smile Ballak  ⁇  2012 Putus Cinta  ⁇  2012 Sarangha  ⁇  2012 Sarangha Feat (I","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Film","translated_text":"The movie","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Peran\n|-\n|2009\n|''[[Janda Kembang]]''\n|Erik\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Arwah Kuntilanak Duyung]]''\n|Tukang Ojek\n|-\n|2012\n|''[[Sule, Ay Need You]]''\n|rowspan=\"3\"|Sule\n|-\n|2013\n|''[[Sule Detektif Tokek]]''\n|-\n|2018\n|''[[Hongkong Kasarung]]''\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinetron","translated_text":"The Sinetron","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Peran\n!Produksi \n|-\n|2008\n|''Mansoor La Gokilun/Ingat Ingat Lupa''\n| rowspan=\"4\" |Sule\n|[[Multivision Plus]]\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Tom & Juned]]''\n|JVT Film\n|-\n|2012\n|''[[Aladdin (seri televisi 2012)|Aladin]]''\n|[[MD Entertainment]]\n|-\n| 2009-2011\n| ''[[Awas Ada Sule]]''\n| [[Layar Production]]<br>[[E-Motion Entertainment]]\n|-\n| 2011-2012\n| ''[[Awas Ada Sule 2]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Sule\n| rowspan=\"4\" | [[E-Motion Entertainment]]\n|-\n|2012-2013\n|''[[Untung Ada Sule]]''\n|-\n|2013\n|''[[Oesman 77]]''\n|Pak Oesman\n|-\n| 2018\n| ''[[Awas Ada Sule Lagi]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Sule\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2020\n| rowspan=\"2\" |''[[4 Sehat 5 Sule]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |[[MNC Pictures]]\n|-\n|Sule/\nAbah Odoh\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"FTV","translated_text":"FTV","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dadang Dudung Dadang Dudung 2 Sule Love Mimin When Sule Meet Sulis Steven Cau I Love You Steven Cau I Love You 2 Rahasia Hati Sopir Istri (2014) Sule Sok British (2017)","translated_text":"Dadang Dudung Dadang Dudung 2 Sule Love Mimin When Sule Meet Writer Steven Cau I Love You Steven Cau I Love You 2 Secrets of the Heart of the Driver Wife (2014) Sule Sok British (2017)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule Glen Kemon Mudik Sule Racun Cinta di Kedai Kopi (2018) Sule Pulang Haji Dapet Jodoh Cintaku Dimakan Cacing (2019)","translated_text":"Sule Glen Kemon Mudik Sule Poison Love in the coffee shop (2018) Sule Pulang Haji Dapet Jodoh Cintaku Dimang Cacing (2019)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule Saingan (2019)","translated_text":"Sule Competitor (2019)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule Kangen Mantan (2019)","translated_text":"Sule Kangen formerly (2019)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule KKN Di Desa Penyanyi (2020)","translated_text":"Sule KKN In the Village of Singers (2020)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule Pak Penghulu I Love You Sule Mengejar Hoki (2020)","translated_text":"Sule Mr Penghulu I Love You Sule chasing hockey (2020)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sule Kutunggu Kau di Garis Finish Sul33 Siap Nikah Lagi (2023)","translated_text":"Sule Waiting for You at the South 33 Finish Line Ready to Marry Again (2023)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Model video klip","translated_text":"Model of video clips","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Atas Normal — Noah (2022)","translated_text":"Above Normal  ⁇  Noah (2022)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berona — Rizky Febian (2023)","translated_text":"Berona  ⁇  Rizky Febian (2023)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penghargaan dan nominasi","translated_text":"Awards and nominations","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n! Tahun\n! Penghargaan\n! Kategori\n! Hasil\n|-\n| [[2010]]\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2010]]\n| rowspan=\"9\" |Komedian Terfavorit\n| {{nom}}\n|-\n| rowspan=2 |[[2011]]\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2011]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" {{won}}\n|-\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2012]]\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2012]]\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2013]]\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2013]]\n| {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n| {{won}}\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2014]]\n|  [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2014]]\n|-\n| rowspan=2  |[[2015]]\n| [[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards]]\n| Presenter Favorit\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2015]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Komedian Terfavorit\n|-\n| rowspan=4  |[[2016]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2016]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|-\n| Pembawa Acara Talkshow Terpopuler\n|-\n| rowspan=2|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2016]]\n| Presenter Talkshow Terfavorit\n| rowspan=\"6\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Komedian Terfavorit\n|-\n| rowspan=4  |[[2017]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2017]]\n|-\n| Presenter Talkshow Variety & Entertainment Terfavorit\n|-\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2017]]\n| Pembawa Acara Terpopuler\n|-\n| Duet Pembawa Acara Terpopuler (bersama [[Andre Taulany]])\n|-\n| rowspan=3  |[[2018]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2018]]\n| Pembawa Acara Terpopuler\n| {{won}}\n|-\n| Pasangan Program TV Terpopuler (bersama [[Andre Taulany]])\n| rowspan=\"3\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2018]]\n| Presenter Entertainment Variety & Talkshow\n|-\n| rowspan=4  |[[2019]]\n| rowspan=2|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2019]]\n| Pembawa Acara Terpopuler\n|-\n| Komedian Terpopuler\n| rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|-\n| [[Selebrita Awards 2019]]\n| Selebriti Komedian Terfavorit\n|-\n| [[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2019]]\n| Presenter Entertainment Variety & Talkshow Terfavorit\n| rowspan=\"3\" {{nom}}\n|-\n| [[2020]]\n| [[Indonesian Television Awards 2020]]\n| Pembawa Acara Televisi Terpopuler\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[2022]]\n| [[Kiss Awards 2022]]\n| Komedian/Komika Terkiss\n|-\n| [[Indonesia Comedy Awards 2022]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Komedian Terfavorit\n|{{won}}\n|-\n|2023\n|Indonesian Comedy Awards\n|{{nom}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sule di TikTok","translated_text":"Sule on TikTok","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pembawa acara Indonesia Kategori:Pembawa acara televisi Indonesia Kategori:Pemeran laki-laki Indonesia Kategori:Pelawak Indonesia Kategori:Penyanyi Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Cimahi Kategori:Tokoh Sunda Kategori:Seniman Sunda Kategori:Seniman Indonesia Kategori:Komedian Sunda Kategori:Tokoh Jawa Barat Kategori:Alumni Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung","translated_text":"Indonesian television host Category:Indonesian television host Category:Indonesian male actor Category:Indonesian comedian Category:Indonesian singer Category:People from Cimahi Category:Indonesian artists Category:Indonesian artists Category:Indonesian artists Category:Indonesian artists Category:Indonesian comedians Category:Indonesian artists Category:Indonesian cultural institute Bandung","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Sutisna atau yang lebih dikenal secara profesional dengan nama panggung Sule (), adalah seorang pelawak, pembawa acara, penyanyi, dan aktor berkebangsaan Indonesia.","translated_text":"Sutisna or better known professionally by her stage name Sule (), is an Indonesian comedian, presenter, singer, and actor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=nama>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|title=Entis Sutisna Ternyata Bukan Nama Asli Sule, Lalu Siapa?|author=Baharudin Al Farisi|publisher=Kompas.com|date=15 Mei 2020|accessdate=19 Juni 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Pangerang|editor-first=Andi Muttya Keteng|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726000052/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":7,"name":"nama","url":"https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.198038-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=nama>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|title=Entis Sutisna Ternyata Bukan Nama Asli Sule, Lalu Siapa?|author=Baharudin Al Farisi|publisher=Kompas.com|date=15 Mei 2020|accessdate=19 Juni 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Pangerang|editor-first=Andi Muttya Keteng|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726000052/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":7,"name":"nama","url":"https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.198038-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule lahir di Cimahi, Jawa Barat, 15 November 1976 (sementara di surat pengantar nikahnya tertulis Bandung, 15-11-1973).","translated_text":"Sule was born in Cimahi, West Java, on 15 November 1976 (meanwhile in his marriage license is written Bandung, 15-11-1973).","citations":[{"content":"<ref><nowiki>https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00335458.html</nowiki></ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00335458.html</nowiki>","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8399,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.336081-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule lahir di Cimahi, Jawa Barat, 15 November 1976 (sementara di surat pengantar nikahnya tertulis Bandung, 15-11-1973). Ia lahir sebagai anak kedua dari empat bersaudara dari pasangan Dodo Mulyana (wafat 2017) dan Engkom Komara.","translated_text":"Sule was born in Cimahi, West Java, on 15 November 1976 (meanwhile in his marriage license is written Bandung, 15-11-1973). He was born the second of four siblings to Dodo Mulyana (died 2017) and Engkom Komara.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ayah\">{{Cite web|last=Febriani|first=Ririn Nur|title=Ayah Sule Meninggal Dunia, Dimakamkan di Cimahi - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317195054/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":"ayah","url":"https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5461,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.441021-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"ayah\">{{Cite web|last=Febriani|first=Ririn Nur|title=Ayah Sule Meninggal Dunia, Dimakamkan di Cimahi - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317195054/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":"ayah","url":"https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5461,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.441021-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ayahnya seorang penjual bakso keliling. Ayahnya selalu membanyol dan membuat para pembeli baksonya tertawa. Bakat melawak Sule berasal dari ayahnya.","translated_text":"His father was a traveling baker. His father was always a cheerleader and made his shoppers laugh. Sule's sense of humor came from his father.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":148,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ayahnya selalu membanyol dan membuat para pembeli baksonya tertawa. Bakat melawak Sule berasal dari ayahnya. Kakaknya bernama Iwan Setiawan.","translated_text":"His father was always a cheerleader and made his shoppers laugh. Sule's sense of humor came from his father. His brother's name is Iwan Loyal.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ayah\">{{Cite web|last=Febriani|first=Ririn Nur|title=Ayah Sule Meninggal Dunia, Dimakamkan di Cimahi - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317195054/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":140,"name":"ayah","url":"https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-01287386/ayah-sule-meninggal-dunia-dimakamkan-di-cimahi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5461,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.441021-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule akrab dipanggil Entis oleh ibunya. Nama Sule merupakan julukan masyarakat kampungnya untuk orang tua yang suka ingusan. Sule adalah singkatan dari kata susut lého dalam bahasa Sunda yang berarti 'mengelap ingus' dalam bahasa Indonesia.","translated_text":"Sule is known to be called Entis by his mother. Sule's name is a common nickname for his parents. Sule is an abbreviation of the slang word lého in the Sundanese language which means 'black ingus' in Indonesian.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=nama>{{Cite news|url=https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|title=Entis Sutisna Ternyata Bukan Nama Asli Sule, Lalu Siapa?|author=Baharudin Al Farisi|publisher=Kompas.com|date=15 Mei 2020|accessdate=19 Juni 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Pangerang|editor-first=Andi Muttya Keteng|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2021-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726000052/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":240,"name":"nama","url":"https://kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/133133866/entis-sutisna-ternyata-bukan-nama-asli-sule-lalu-siapa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.198038-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule, yang pernah dibimbing oleh pelawak senior Kang Ibing ini, sudah memiliki bakat melawak sejak kelas 3 SD. Kala itu, Sule kecil sering tampil di acara Agustus-an.","translated_text":"Sule, who was once mentored by this senior comedian Kang Ibing, has had a talent for comedy since 3rd grade. Back then, little Sule often appeared on August's shows.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":166,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule menempuh pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Bandung yang kini bernama SMK Negeri 10 Bandung.","translated_text":"Sule was educated at Karawitan Indonesia Secondary School (SMKI) Bandung which is now called SMK Negeri 10 Bandung.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni – SMKN 10 Bandung|url=https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/|language=en-US|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317203603/https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.505551-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni – SMKN 10 Bandung|url=https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/|language=en-US|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317203603/https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220317203603/https://smkn10bandung.sch.id/alumni/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.611732-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule menempuh pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Bandung yang kini bernama SMK Negeri 10 Bandung. Setelah lulus, ia menikahi Lina Jubaedah tahun 1997 dalam usia 19 tahun.","translated_text":"Sule was educated at Karawitan Indonesia Secondary School (SMKI) Bandung which is now called SMK Negeri 10 Bandung. After graduating, he married Lina Jubaedah in 1997 at the age of 19.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"alasan\">{{Cite news|date=2015-02-18|title=Alasan Sule Menikah di Usia 19 Tahun|url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|work=Suara.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Tresnady|first=Tomi|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163223/https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":193,"name":"alasan","url":"https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":123842,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.681778-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91015625},{"content":"<ref name=\"alasan\">{{Cite news|date=2015-02-18|title=Alasan Sule Menikah di Usia 19 Tahun|url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|work=Suara.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Tresnady|first=Tomi|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163223/https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":193,"name":"alasan","url":"https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":123842,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.681778-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91015625}]},{"text":"Sule menempuh pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Karawitan Indonesia (SMKI) Bandung yang kini bernama SMK Negeri 10 Bandung. Setelah lulus, ia menikahi Lina Jubaedah tahun 1997 dalam usia 19 tahun. Kemudian, ia berkuliah di Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Bandung yang kini bernama Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung. namun tidak sampai selesai.","translated_text":"Sule was educated at Karawitan Indonesia Secondary School (SMKI) Bandung which is now called SMK Negeri 10 Bandung. After graduating, he married Lina Jubaedah in 1997 at the age of 19. Later, he enrolled at the Indonesian High School of Arts (STSI) Bandung which is now called the Indonesian Cultural Arts Institute Bandung. but did not finish.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bandung|first=Humas ISBI|title=Testimoni Pelaku Seni yang Pernah Kuliah di ISBI Bandung-Sule|url=https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule|website=ISBI Bandung|language=en-gb|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407024957/https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":322,"name":null,"url":"https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118871,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:34.216485-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10137939453125},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bandung|first=Humas ISBI|title=Testimoni Pelaku Seni yang Pernah Kuliah di ISBI Bandung-Sule|url=https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule|website=ISBI Bandung|language=en-gb|access-date=2022-02-11|archive-date=2022-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407024957/https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":322,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220407024957/https://www.isbi.ac.id/index.php/seputar-pmb/95-pmb-2020/852-testimoni-pelaku-seni-yang-pernah-kuliah-di-isbi-bandung-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.599990-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"alasan\">{{Cite news|date=2015-02-18|title=Alasan Sule Menikah di Usia 19 Tahun|url=https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|work=Suara.com|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Tresnady|first=Tomi|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163223/https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":350,"name":"alasan","url":"https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2015/02/18/131822/alasan-sule-menikah-di-usia-19-tahun","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":123842,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.681778-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91015625},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kilas Balik Perjalanan Karier Entis Sutisna Alias Sule|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD|work=[[Kumparan (situs web)|Kumparan]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Kukuh|first=Alexander Vito Edward|archive-date=2020-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705085646/https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":350,"name":null,"url":"https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4517,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.669401-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kilas Balik Perjalanan Karier Entis Sutisna Alias Sule|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD|work=[[Kumparan (situs web)|Kumparan]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-02-11|last=Kukuh|first=Alexander Vito Edward|archive-date=2020-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705085646/https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":350,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200705085646/https://kumparan.com/kumparanhits/kilas-balik-perjalanan-karier-entis-sutisna-alias-sule-1qxLLvhvqPD","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.732053-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule mengaku dulu, pada saat baru menikahi Lina pada tahun 1997, dia tinggal di rumah kontrakan petak. Penghasilannya dari melawak hanya Rp20 ribu sehari, agar dapurnya bisa tetap ngebul, Sule nyambi menjual jagung rebus keliling kampung, berdagang ayam goreng dan berjualan kebaya di kampus.","translated_text":"Sule admitted that at the time of his new marriage to Lina in 1997, he was living in a rented house. His income from playing only Rp20,000 a day, so that his kitchen could keep boiling, Sule took over selling boiled corn around the village, trading fried chicken and selling caviar on campus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":292,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-15|title=Cerita Sule Jadi Penjual Kebaya di Kampusnya, Bermula dari Ketahuan Mencuri|url=https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|editor-last=Setiawan|editor-first=Tri Susanto|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163414/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":292,"name":null,"url":"https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.802253-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-05-15|title=Cerita Sule Jadi Penjual Kebaya di Kampusnya, Bermula dari Ketahuan Mencuri|url=https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2022-02-11|editor-last=Setiawan|editor-first=Tri Susanto|last=Farisi|first=Baharudin Al|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163414/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":292,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220211163414/https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/05/15/153811066/cerita-sule-jadi-penjual-kebaya-di-kampusnya-bermula-dari-ketahuan-mencuri","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.830426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tidak sampai setahun setelah berhasil menjuarai Superstar Show, sebuah acara duet selebriti di Indosiar membuat karier Sule pun terus menanjak. Namanya pun masuk ke dalam jajaran pelawak papan atas. Tahun 2009 dan 2010 adalah tahun-tahun keemasan bagi Sule.","translated_text":"Less than a year after winning the Superstar Show, a celebrity duet show in Indosiar made Sule's career take off. His name is in the top comedians. The years 2009 and 2010 were golden years for Sule.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":257,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hanya setahun setelah itu, nama Sule mulai diperhitungkan. Namanya terus melambung ke jajaran pelawak papan atas, yang penghasilannya melebihi pelawak papan atas yang lain, seperti misalnya Komeng dan sebagainya. Penghasilannya bisa mencapai lebih dari Rp 1 miliar per-bulan, yang didapatkan dari beberapa stasiun TV, antara lain hasil dari acara Opera Van Java di Trans7, sinetron komedi Awas Ada Sule di Global TV, dan juga melalui berbagai macam iklan yang dimainkan oleh Sule.","translated_text":"Only a year later, Sule's name started to count. His name continued to rise to the ranks of top comedians, whose output surpassed that of other top comedians, such as Komeng and so on. Its revenue could reach more than Rp 1 billion per month, which was obtained from several TV stations, among them the results of the Opera Van Java show on Trans7, the comedy sitcom Awas Ada Sule on Global TV, and also through a variety of commercials played by Sule.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":480,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari acara ini, hanya untuk sekali tampil saja, Sule memperoleh penghasilan sebesar Rp 50 juta, atau naik dibanding sebelumnya yang jumlahnya mencapai total sebesar Rp 20 juta – Rp 40 juta. Pemilik rambut gondrong dan pirang ini terkenal dengan gaya khasnya, yakni kalau sudah mendengar musik jaipongan, maka ia akan langsung reflek joget, sehingga sering mengundang orang tertawa. Rupanya, gaya khasnya itu lalu menjadi tambahan karakter Sule.","translated_text":"From this show, for only one appearance, Sule earned income of Rp 50 million, or up from the previous total of Rp 20 million  ⁇  Rp 40 million. She is known for her distinctive style, which is that when she hears Jaipongan music, she will immediately reflect the dance, often inviting people to laugh. Apparently, his typical style became an extension of Sule's character.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":444,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sule semakin hari semakin cemerlang. Dia menjadi salah satu pelawak termahal di Indonesia, dengan penghasilannya yang bisa mencapai Rp 1 miliar setiap bulannya.","translated_text":"Sule is getting brighter and brighter. He became one of the most expensive comedians in Indonesia, with earnings that could reach Rp 1 billion a month.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Tukang Jagung\">{{Cite news|url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|editor=Eko Hendrawan Sofyan|publisher=Kompas.com|date=26 Juli 2010|accessdate=9 January 2012|work=[[Kompas.com]]|editor-last=Sofyan|editor-first=Eko Hendrawan|archive-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222112337/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"Tukang Jagung","url":"http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2010/07/26/11363823/Sule..Tukang.Jagung.yang.Jadi.Miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:33.229803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain melawak, Sule juga dikenal pintar menyanyi, dan pandai membanyol atau melucu. Alumni STSI Bandung ini juga memiliki kekhasan dalam penampilan, yakni rambutnya yang panjang warna pirang, sehingga bisa melengkapi karakternya. Kini, ciri khas tersebut ditambahkan dengan mengenakan wig khasnya.","translated_text":"In addition to joking, Sule is also known for his singing skills, as well as his spanking and cheering skills. STSI Bandung alumni also have a special appearance, namely her long blonde hair, so it can complement her character. Now, that characteristic is added by wearing her signature wig.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pal\">{{Cite news|date=2010-07-26|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|url=http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|dead-url=no|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|publisher=sriwijayapost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204045411/http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|archive-date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-12-12}}</ref>","char_index":298,"name":"pal","url":"http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":204738,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.899182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8671875},{"content":"<ref name=\"pal\">{{Cite news|date=2010-07-26|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|url=http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|dead-url=no|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|publisher=sriwijayapost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204045411/http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|archive-date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-12-12}}</ref>","char_index":298,"name":"pal","url":"http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":204738,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.899182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8671875}]},{"text":"Meskipun sudah sangat terkenal, namun Sule ternyata masih memendam satu cita-cita, yaitu go international, walaupun dirinya sebenarnya tidak pandai berbahasa Inggris. Kendati telah bergelimang harta, namun Sule tidak mau hidup bermewah-mewah dan mengaku ingin tetap hidup sederhana. Kini, Sule pun sudah memiliki bisnis di Bandung, Jawa Barat, berupa salon, warnet, toko baju, ponsel, dan studio musik.","translated_text":"Despite his fame, Sule is still pursuing an ambition to go international, even though he is not fluent in English. Despite his wealth, Sule refused to live in luxury and said that he wanted to live a simple life. Now, Sule also has a business in Bandung, West Java, in the form of salons, warnets, clothing stores, mobile phones, and music studios.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pal\">{{Cite news|date=2010-07-26|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|url=http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|dead-url=no|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|publisher=sriwijayapost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204045411/http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|archive-date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-12-12}}</ref>","char_index":402,"name":"pal","url":"http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":204738,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.899182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8671875}]},{"text":"Sebagai seorang pelawak, Sule memang tidak ada matinya. Ia selalu bercanda dan tertawa lepas pada saat dirinya sedang berada di lokasi shooting, dan sering mengagetkan banyak orang dengan ulahnya yang konyol untuk menghibur. Sule tetap ingat saudaranya, dan membagi-bagi rezeki juga untuk adik-adiknya.","translated_text":"As a comedian, Sule is not dead. He was always joking and laughing freely while he was at the scene of the shooting, and often surprised many with his ridiculous act of entertaining. Sule keeps his brother in mind, and shares provisions for his siblings as well.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pal\">{{Cite news|date=2010-07-26|title=Sule, Tukang Jagung yang Jadi Miliarder|url=http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|dead-url=no|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|publisher=sriwijayapost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204045411/http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder|archive-date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-12-12}}</ref>","char_index":302,"name":"pal","url":"http://palembang.tribunnews.com/26/07/2010/sule-tukang-jagung-yang-jadi-miliarder","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":204738,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:38.899182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8671875}]},{"text":"Lina menggugat cerai Sule pada tanggal 26 April 2018. Sidang pertama gugatan cerai ini digelar pada tanggal 7 Juni 2018. Isu orang ketiga diduga menjadi penyebab perceraian pasangan ini.","translated_text":"Lina filed for Sule's divorce on April 26, 2018. The first hearing of the divorce lawsuit was held on June 7, 2018. The third person's issue is alleged to be the cause of the couple's divorce.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Amalia|first2=Sita|title=Resmi Berpisah, 5 Fakta Proses Cerai Sule yang Bikin Heboh|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|work=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2021-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":106604,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:39.418760-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89990234375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Amalia|first2=Sita|title=Resmi Berpisah, 5 Fakta Proses Cerai Sule yang Bikin Heboh|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|work=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2021-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210919060859/https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/sita-amalia/resmi-berpisah-5-fakta-proses-cerai-sule-yang-bikin-heboh","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:40.039310-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sidang pertama gugatan cerai ini digelar pada tanggal 7 Juni 2018. Isu orang ketiga diduga menjadi penyebab perceraian pasangan ini. Almarhumah Lina sendiri wafat pada tanggal 4 Januari 2020 silam.","translated_text":"The first hearing of the divorce lawsuit was held on June 7, 2018. The third person's issue is alleged to be the cause of the couple's divorce. Almarhumah Lina herself died on 4 January 2020.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rahmadi|first=Dedi|title=Lina, Mantan Istri Komedian Sule Meninggal Dunia|url=https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318001848/https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":197,"name":null,"url":"https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":382454,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:50.053282-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90185546875},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rahmadi|first=Dedi|title=Lina, Mantan Istri Komedian Sule Meninggal Dunia|url=https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-03-06|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318001848/https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":197,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220318001848/https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/lina-mantan-istri-komedian-sule-meninggal-dunia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:25:51.828866-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Isu orang ketiga diduga menjadi penyebab perceraian pasangan ini. Almarhumah Lina sendiri wafat pada tanggal 4 Januari 2020 silam. Pasangan ini dikaruniai tiga orang putra dan seorang putri.","translated_text":"The third person's issue is alleged to be the cause of the couple's divorce. Almarhumah Lina herself died on 4 January 2020. The couple were blessed with three sons and a daughter.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-04|title=Lina Mantan Istri Sule Meninggal, Ini Profil 4 Anaknya dengan Sule, dari Rizky Febian hingga Ferdi|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-12-12|last=Putranto|first=Wahyu Gilang|editor-last=Juliati|editor-first=Sri|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212070311/https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":190,"name":null,"url":"https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":205536,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:01.846337-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.79931640625},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-04|title=Lina Mantan Istri Sule Meninggal, Ini Profil 4 Anaknya dengan Sule, dari Rizky Febian hingga Ferdi|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-12-12|last=Putranto|first=Wahyu Gilang|editor-last=Juliati|editor-first=Sri|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212070311/https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":190,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211212070311/https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2020/01/04/lina-mantan-istri-sule-meninggal-ini-profil-4-anaknya-dengan-sule-dari-rizky-febian-hingga-ferdi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:03.540940-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sempat diisukan menjalin hubungan spesial dengan beberapa wanita, seperti aktris Naomi Zaskia, penyanyi Baby Shima, penyanyi Ayu Ting Ting, penyanyi Rita Tila, Amy Qanita (yang merupakan ibunda dari Raffi Ahmad), dan juga presenter Chika Jessica, Sule pada akhirnya menikah lagi dengan penyanyi dan DJ Nathalie Holscher pada tanggal 15 November 2020, dan disiarkan secara langsung oleh stasiun televisi antv, kanal YouTube RANS Entertainment, dan aplikasi MAXstream, serta dipandu oleh Raffi Ahmad, Andre Taulany, dan Nagita Slavina.","translated_text":"Sometime involved in a special relationship with several women, such as actress Naomi Zaskia, singer Baby Shima, singer Ayu Ting Ting, singer Rita Tila, Amy Qanita (who is the mother of Raffi Ahmad), and also presenter Chika Jessica, Sule eventually remarried to singer and DJ Nathalie Holscher on November 15, 2020, and was broadcast live by antv television station, YouTube channel RANS Entertainment, and the MAXstream app, as well as guided by Raffi Ahmad, Andre Taulany, and Nagita Slavina.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|title=Masih Menduda, Ini Deretan Wanita yang Disebut Calon Istri Sule - VIVA|url=https://www.viva.co.id/amp/showbiz/gosip/1305751-masih-menduda-ini-deretan-wanita-yang-disebut-calon-istri-sule|work=[[VIVA.co.id]]|access-date=2021-03-06|last=Adhiyasa|first=Donny|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001053445/https://www.viva.co.id/amp/showbiz/gosip/1305751-masih-menduda-ini-deretan-wanita-yang-disebut-calon-istri-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":246,"name":null,"url":"https://www.viva.co.id/amp/showbiz/gosip/1305751-masih-menduda-ini-deretan-wanita-yang-disebut-calon-istri-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Pasangan ini dikaruniai seorang putra.","translated_text":"Sometime involved in a special relationship with several women, such as actress Naomi Zaskia, singer Baby Shima, singer Ayu Ting Ting, singer Rita Tila, Amy Qanita (who is the mother of Raffi Ahmad), and also presenter Chika Jessica, Sule eventually remarried to singer and DJ Nathalie Holscher on November 15, 2020, and was broadcast live by antv television station, YouTube channel RANS Entertainment, and the MAXstream app, as well as guided by Raffi Ahmad, Andre Taulany, and Nagita Slavina. The couple was blessed with a son.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Febrian|first=Prih Prawesti|title=Adzam Ardiansyah Sutisna, Nama Anak Sule dan Nathalie Holscher|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2021-12-12|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212065420/https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":572,"name":null,"url":"https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":154364,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:15.862005-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80908203125},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Febrian|first=Prih Prawesti|title=Adzam Ardiansyah Sutisna, Nama Anak Sule dan Nathalie Holscher|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2021-12-12|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212065420/https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":572,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211212065420/https://hot.detik.com/celeb/d-5851399/adzam-ardiansyah-sutisna-nama-anak-sule-dan-nathalie-holscher","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:19.453032-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sayangnya, hubungan rumah tangga mereka tidak berlangsung lama. Pada 3 Juli 2022, Nathalie resmi mengajukan gugatan cerai ke Pengadilan Agama Cikarang dan telah terverifikasi pada 5 Juli 2022.","translated_text":"Unfortunately, their domestic relationship did not last long. On 3 July 2022, Nathalie formally filed a divorce suit with the Cikarang Religious Court and it was verified on 5 July 2022.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sobirin|title=Sule Digugat Cerai Nathalie Holscher, Sidang Akan Digelar 20 Juli 2022 - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-07-24|archive-date=2022-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726063828/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":192,"name":null,"url":"https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5461,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:19.522267-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sobirin|title=Sule Digugat Cerai Nathalie Holscher, Sidang Akan Digelar 20 Juli 2022 - Pikiran-Rakyat.com|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022|website=www.pikiran-rakyat.com|language=id|access-date=2022-07-24|archive-date=2022-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726063828/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":192,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220726063828/https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/entertainment/pr-014942666/sule-digugat-cerai-nathalie-holscher-sidang-akan-digelar-20-juli-2022","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:19.598832-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sayangnya, hubungan rumah tangga mereka tidak berlangsung lama. Pada 3 Juli 2022, Nathalie resmi mengajukan gugatan cerai ke Pengadilan Agama Cikarang dan telah terverifikasi pada 5 Juli 2022. Upaya mediasi pun sempat dilakukan pada 20 Juli 2022, namun mereka berdua sepakat untuk berpisah.","translated_text":"Unfortunately, their domestic relationship did not last long. On 3 July 2022, Nathalie formally filed a divorce suit with the Cikarang Religious Court and it was verified on 5 July 2022. Mediation attempts were also made on July 20, 2022, but the two agreed to separate.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sitorus|date=2022-07-21|title=Sepakat Cerai, Ini Kata Nathalie Holscher Soal Berat Rujuk dengan Sule|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule|work=[[Okezone.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-07-24|first=Santi Florensia|archive-date=2022-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724040312/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":290,"name":null,"url":"https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":137426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:26.803683-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.880859375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sitorus|date=2022-07-21|title=Sepakat Cerai, Ini Kata Nathalie Holscher Soal Berat Rujuk dengan Sule|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule|work=[[Okezone.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-07-24|first=Santi Florensia|archive-date=2022-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724040312/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":290,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220724040312/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/07/21/33/2633845/sepakat-cerai-ini-kata-nathalie-holscher-soal-berat-rujuk-dengan-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:27.942292-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 3 Juli 2022, Nathalie resmi mengajukan gugatan cerai ke Pengadilan Agama Cikarang dan telah terverifikasi pada 5 Juli 2022. Upaya mediasi pun sempat dilakukan pada 20 Juli 2022, namun mereka berdua sepakat untuk berpisah. Mereka berdua resmi bercerai pada 10 Agustus 2022.","translated_text":"On 3 July 2022, Nathalie formally filed a divorce suit with the Cikarang Religious Court and it was verified on 5 July 2022. Mediation attempts were also made on July 20, 2022, but the two agreed to separate. The two officially divorced on August 10, 2022.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anggraeni|date=2022-08-10|title=Resmi Cerai, Nathalie Holscher Dapat 2 Mobil dan Rumah dari Sule|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule|work=[[Okezone.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-11|first=Ayu Utami|archive-date=2022-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811152829/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":null,"url":"https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":137940,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:37.957123-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93310546875},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anggraeni|date=2022-08-10|title=Resmi Cerai, Nathalie Holscher Dapat 2 Mobil dan Rumah dari Sule|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule|work=[[Okezone.com]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-11|first=Ayu Utami|archive-date=2022-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811152829/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220811152829/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2022/08/10/33/2645340/resmi-cerai-nathalie-holscher-dapat-2-mobil-dan-rumah-dari-sule","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.892113-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Xilanase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:PDB 1bg4 EBI.jpg|jmpl|200px|Struktur 3D enzim xilanase.]]\n'''Xilanase''' (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) adalah [[enzim]] yang mampu memutuskan ikatan pada rantai utama [[xilan]] yang akan membentuk molekul [[oligosakarida]] pendek.<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 77. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Enzim inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam mendegradasi [[polimer]] xilan yang banyak ditemukan pada [[dinding sel]] [[tanaman]] berkayu.<ref>Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993, Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>\n\n== Mekanisme kerja ==\nEnzim xilanase mampu mendegradasi polimer xilan dengan cara memutus ikatan antargugus pada bagian tengah secara acak yang akan menghasilkan [[xilooligosakarida]].<ref name=book1/> Berbeda dengan xilanase pada umumnya, ''Aeromonas'' xilanase akan memutus rantai xilan dari bagian ujung dan akan menghasilkan satu jenis oligosakarida.<ref>Kubata BK, Takamizawa K, Kawai K, Suzuki T, Horitsu H. 1995. Xylanase IV, an exoxylanase of ''Aeromonas caviae'' ME-1 which produces xylotetraose as the only low-molecular-eight oligosaccharide from xylan. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 61:1666–68.</ref> Induksi ekspresi gen xilanase dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan ''xilobiose'', seperti pada ''Cryptococcus albidus''.<ref>Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 3:286–290.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Lihat Pula ==\n* [[Beta-xilosidase]]\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"75aeee3d6c6a84a12bc1cba43b8ec4cfdf8f3acacfaf65abf2b2bbe625e20765","last_revision":"2017-12-02T18:01:38Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:43:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.228011","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) adalah enzim yang mampu memutuskan ikatan pada rantai utama xilan yang akan membentuk molekul oligosakarida pendek. Enzim inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam mendegradasi polimer xilan yang banyak ditemukan pada dinding sel tanaman berkayu.\n\nEnzim xilanase mampu mendegradasi polimer xilan dengan cara memutus ikatan antargugus pada bagian tengah secara acak yang akan menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Berbeda dengan xilanase pada umumnya, Aeromonas xilanase akan memutus rantai xilan dari bagian ujung dan akan menghasilkan satu jenis oligosakarida. Induksi ekspresi gen xilanase dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan xilobiose, seperti pada Cryptococcus albidus.\n\nBeta-xilosidase\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) adalah enzim yang mampu memutuskan ikatan pada rantai utama xilan yang akan membentuk molekul oligosakarida pendek.","translated_text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) is an enzyme capable of breaking the bonds on the xilan major chain that would form short oligosaccharide molecules.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 77. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam mendegradasi polimer xilan yang banyak ditemukan pada dinding sel tanaman berkayu.","translated_text":"This enzyme plays a key role in the degradation of the xylan polymers found abundantly on the cell walls of juvenile plants.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993, Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mekanisme kerja","translated_text":"Mechanism of work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim xilanase mampu mendegradasi polimer xilan dengan cara memutus ikatan antargugus pada bagian tengah secara acak yang akan menghasilkan xilooligosakarida.","translated_text":"The enzyme xilanase is capable of degrading xylan polymers by breaking the intergroup bonds at the center randomly which would result in xilooligosaccharides.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 77. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berbeda dengan xilanase pada umumnya, Aeromonas xilanase akan memutus rantai xilan dari bagian ujung dan akan menghasilkan satu jenis oligosakarida.","translated_text":"Unlike xilanase in general, Aeromonas xilanase will break the xilan chain from the tip and will produce one type of oligosaccharide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kubata BK, Takamizawa K, Kawai K, Suzuki T, Horitsu H. 1995. Xylanase IV, an exoxylanase of ''Aeromonas caviae'' ME-1 which produces xylotetraose as the only low-molecular-eight oligosaccharide from xylan. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 61:1666–68.</ref>","char_index":148,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Induksi ekspresi gen xilanase dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan xilobiose, seperti pada Cryptococcus albidus.","translated_text":"Induction of xilanase gene expression can be done by addition of xilobiose, as in Cryptococcus albidus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 3:286–290.</ref>","char_index":109,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat Pula","translated_text":"Look at Pula.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beta","translated_text":"The beta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-xilosidase","translated_text":"- Xylosidase","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) adalah enzim yang mampu memutuskan ikatan pada rantai utama xilan yang akan membentuk molekul oligosakarida pendek.","translated_text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) is an enzyme capable of breaking the bonds on the xilan major chain that would form short oligosaccharide molecules.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 77. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) adalah enzim yang mampu memutuskan ikatan pada rantai utama xilan yang akan membentuk molekul oligosakarida pendek. Enzim inilah yang memegang peranan kunci dalam mendegradasi polimer xilan yang banyak ditemukan pada dinding sel tanaman berkayu.","translated_text":"Xilanase (endo-beta-1,4-xilanase, E.C 3.2.1.8) is an enzyme capable of breaking the bonds on the xilan major chain that would form short oligosaccharide molecules. This enzyme plays a key role in the degradation of the xylan polymers found abundantly on the cell walls of juvenile plants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Coughlan MP, Hazlewood GP. 1993, Beta-1,4-D-Xylan-degrading enzyme systems: biochemistry, molecular biology and applications. ''Biotechnol Appl Biochem'' 17:259–289.</ref>","char_index":292,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim xilanase mampu mendegradasi polimer xilan dengan cara memutus ikatan antargugus pada bagian tengah secara acak yang akan menghasilkan xilooligosakarida.","translated_text":"The enzyme xilanase is capable of degrading xylan polymers by breaking the intergroup bonds at the center randomly which would result in xilooligosaccharides.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=book1>Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 77. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim xilanase mampu mendegradasi polimer xilan dengan cara memutus ikatan antargugus pada bagian tengah secara acak yang akan menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Berbeda dengan xilanase pada umumnya, Aeromonas xilanase akan memutus rantai xilan dari bagian ujung dan akan menghasilkan satu jenis oligosakarida.","translated_text":"The enzyme xilanase is capable of degrading xylan polymers by breaking the intergroup bonds at the center randomly which would result in xilooligosaccharides. Unlike xilanase in general, Aeromonas xilanase will break the xilan chain from the tip and will produce one type of oligosaccharide.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Kubata BK, Takamizawa K, Kawai K, Suzuki T, Horitsu H. 1995. Xylanase IV, an exoxylanase of ''Aeromonas caviae'' ME-1 which produces xylotetraose as the only low-molecular-eight oligosaccharide from xylan. ''Appl Environ Microbiol'' 61:1666–68.</ref>","char_index":307,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim xilanase mampu mendegradasi polimer xilan dengan cara memutus ikatan antargugus pada bagian tengah secara acak yang akan menghasilkan xilooligosakarida. Berbeda dengan xilanase pada umumnya, Aeromonas xilanase akan memutus rantai xilan dari bagian ujung dan akan menghasilkan satu jenis oligosakarida. Induksi ekspresi gen xilanase dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan xilobiose, seperti pada Cryptococcus albidus.","translated_text":"The enzyme xilanase is capable of degrading xylan polymers by breaking the intergroup bonds at the center randomly which would result in xilooligosaccharides. Unlike xilanase in general, Aeromonas xilanase will break the xilan chain from the tip and will produce one type of oligosaccharide. Induction of xilanase gene expression can be done by addition of xilobiose, as in Cryptococcus albidus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Biely P. 1985. Microbial xylanolytic systems. ''Trends Biotechnol'' 3:286–290.</ref>","char_index":417,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Portal:Jepang/Gambar Pilihan/24 2010","wikicode":"{{Portal:Jepang/Gambar Pilihan/Tampilan\n  |image=Naha Shuri Castle16s5s3200.jpg\n  |caption=Istana Shuri\n  |text='''[[Istana Shuri]]''' ([[bahasa Okinawa]]: ''suigusiku'', [[bahasa Jepang]]: 首里城 ''Shurijō'') adalah ''[[gusuku]]'' bekas milik [[Kerajaan Ryukyu]] di [[Shuri, Okinawa|Shuri]], [[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]]. Dalam [[Pertempuran Okinawa]] 1945, istana ini seluruhnya hancur akibat bombardemen kapal perang Amerika Serikat. Tampak dalam gambar adalah Seiden (aula utama) Istana Shuri hasil pembangunan kembali pada tahun 1992.\n  |credit=[http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/利用者:663highland 663highland]\n  |link=Istana Shuri\n}}<noinclude>\n[[Kategori:Portal:Jepang]]\n</noinclude>","hash":"a9001cf0ef3c08505114fad421b056ed85b5a313716490c7278bd1d455f17c92","last_revision":"2010-06-13T14:48:16Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:48:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.290276","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kategori:Portal:Jepang\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Portal:Jepang","translated_text":"Category:Portal:Japan","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Ratno timur","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Ratno Timoer]]","hash":"765402642a8cf8427ad05ee839af7c8a86a9372f3c1289a84e6c25b61acec452","last_revision":"2010-06-13T14:49:51Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T14:49:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.347520","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Ratno Timoer\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Ratno Timoer","translated_text":"RATNO TIMOR's family","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Iwasaki Yatarō","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n| name = Iwasaki Yatarō<br>岩崎 弥太郎\n| image = Yataro Iwasaki Portrait Closeup 1874.png\n| image_size    = 220px\n| birth_date = {{Birth date|1835|01|09}}\n| birth_place = [[Aki, Kōchi|Aki]], [[Provinsi Tosa]], [[Keshogunan Tokugawa]]\n| death_date = {{Death date and age|1885|02|07|1835|01|09}}\n| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang]]\n| nationality = Jepang\n| other_names = \n| known_for   = Pendiri [[Mitsubishi]]\n| occupation  = Industrialis\n|module =\n{{Infobox Chinese | child=yes\n|kyujitai          = 岩崎 彌太郎\n|shinjitai         = 岩崎 弥太郎\n|hiragana          = いわさき やたろう\n|katakana          = イワサキ ヤタロウ\n|romaji            = Iwasaki Yatarō\n}}\n}}\n[[Berkas:Mitsubishi logo.svg|jmpl|ka|Logo Mitsubishi]]\n{{Nihongo|'''Yataro Iwasaki'''|岩崎 弥太郎|Iwasaki Yatarō}} ({{lahirmati||9|1|1835||7|2|1885}}) adalah pendiri perusahaan grup [[Mitsubishi]]. Ia dilahirkan dalam sebuah [[keluarga]] [[petani]] di [[Provinsi Aki]], [[Provinsi Tosa]] (sekarang [[Prefektur Kochi]]), [[Jepang]].<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Putra dari seorang petani sederhana, Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa.<ref name=\"mitsubishi\" /> Klan diadakan di banyak tempat di Jepang untuk kepentingan bisnis, supaya merangsang anak muda agar berambisi membangun perekonomian yang baik.<ref name=\"mitsubishi\" />\n\n== Kehidupan dan awal karier ==\nYataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa, ia pergi ke Edo (kini [[Tokyo]]) ketika berusia sembilan belas tahun bertujuan mencari pendidikan.<ref name=\"mitsubishi\" /> Cedera serius yang dialami ayahnya dalam suatu perselisihan dengan kepala desa membuat Yataro pulang dari Edo setahun kemudian dan cuti sebentar dari studinya.<ref name=\"mitsubishi\" /> Hakim setempat menolak memproses kasus dari ayahnya dan Yataro menuduh hakim tidak adil.<ref name=\"mitsubishi\" /> Ia diusir dari kampungnya dan dikirim ke penjara selama tujuh bulan. Setelah dibebaskan ia tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap untuk sementara waktu sebelum menemukan pekerjaan sebagai guru les.<ref name=\"mitsubishi\" />\n\nKembali ke Edo, ia disosialisasikan dengan aktivis politik dan belajar di bawah reformis [[Yoshida Toyo]], yang terpengaruh dengan ide-ide tentang membuka dan mengembangkan perekonomian bangsa melalui industri dan perdagangan global.<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref> Tak lama kemudian, melalui Yoshida, ia mendapatkan pekerjaan sebagai juru tulis bagi pemerintah Tosa.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Ia kemudian dipromosikan ke posisi teratas kantor perdagangan Tosa di [[Nagasaki]], yang bertanggung jawab untuk perdagangan minyak kamper dan kertas untuk membeli kapal, senjata, dan amunisi.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\n== Berdirinya Mitsubishi ==\n{{main|Mitsubishi}}\nSetelah [[Restorasi Meiji]] tahun 1868 yang memaksa pembubaran dari kepentingan bisnis [[shogun]], Iwasaki pergi ke [[Osaka]] dan menyewakan hak untuk perdagangan Tsukumo Trading Company.<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref> Perusahaan ini kemudian berubah nama menjadi Mitsubishi pada tahun 1873.<ref name=\"Mark\" />\n\nPerusahaan mengadopsi nama Mitsubishi pada Maret 1870, ketika Yataro resmi menjadi presiden.<ref name=\"Mark\" /> Lambang yang merupakan gabungan dari lambang Keluarga Iwasaki dan daun [[pohon ek]] yang dibentuk menyerupai baling-baling kapal, berasal dari klan Yamauchi yang menguasai bagian Shikoku, daerah di mana Yataro dilahirkan.<ref name=\"Mark\" />\n\nMitsubishi kemudian hampir jatuh ketika [[Invasi Jepang ke Taiwan (1874)|Insiden Formosa]] terjadi.<ref name=\"Mark\" /> Lima puluh empat nelayan Jepang tewas di [[Pulau Taiwan|Pulau Formosa]] ([[Dinasti Qing|Tiongkok]]) tetapi pemerintah Tiongkok tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal itu.<ref name=\"Mark\" /> Perusahaan Yataro awalnya disalahkan, tetapi kemudian keadaan membaik dan bahkan Yataro memenangkan hak untuk mengoperasikan kapal-kapal pemerintah di antaranya kapal transportasi untuk mengangkut penumpang dan material, kemudian perusahaannya mulai berkembang lagi.<ref name=\"Mark\" />\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Commonscat|Iwasaki Yataro}}\n{{Reflist}}\n{{Authority control}}\n{{lifetime|1835|1885}}\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Jepang}}","hash":"af974a9f7a238f25a0479e452bddb6186f9b9673074816631bee44fe53803218","last_revision":"2022-11-12T16:08:12Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:00:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.403870","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ياتارو إواساكي","arz":"ايواساكى ياتارو","az":"İvasaki Yataro","bg":"Ивасаки Ятаро","cs":"Jataró Iwasaki","de":"Iwasaki Yatarō","en":"Iwasaki Yatarō","es":"Iwasaki Yatarō","fa":"ایواساکی یاتارو","fi":"Iwasaki Yatarō","fr":"Iwasaki Yatarō","it":"Iwasaki Yatarō","ja":"岩崎弥太郎","jv":"Yataro Iwasaki","ko":"이와사키 야타로","ms":"Iwasaki Yatarō","nb":"Iwasaki Yatarō","pl":"Yatarō Iwasaki","pt":"Yataro Iwasaki","ru":"Ивасаки, Ятаро","simple":"Iwasaki Yatarō","sr":"Јатаро Ивасаки","th":"อิวาซากิ ยาตาโร","tl":"Yataro Iwasaki","tly":"Ivasaki Jataro","tr":"İvasaki Yataro","uk":"Івасакі Ятаро","vi":"Iwasaki Yatarō","wuu":"岩崎弥太郎","zh":"岩崎彌太郎"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"() adalah pendiri perusahaan grup Mitsubishi. Ia dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga petani di Provinsi Aki, Provinsi Tosa (sekarang Prefektur Kochi), Jepang. Putra dari seorang petani sederhana, Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa. Klan diadakan di banyak tempat di Jepang untuk kepentingan bisnis, supaya merangsang anak muda agar berambisi membangun perekonomian yang baik.\n\nYataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa, ia pergi ke Edo (kini Tokyo) ketika berusia sembilan belas tahun bertujuan mencari pendidikan. Cedera serius yang dialami ayahnya dalam suatu perselisihan dengan kepala desa membuat Yataro pulang dari Edo setahun kemudian dan cuti sebentar dari studinya. Hakim setempat menolak memproses kasus dari ayahnya dan Yataro menuduh hakim tidak adil. Ia diusir dari kampungnya dan dikirim ke penjara selama tujuh bulan. Setelah dibebaskan ia tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap untuk sementara waktu sebelum menemukan pekerjaan sebagai guru les.\n\nKembali ke Edo, ia disosialisasikan dengan aktivis politik dan belajar di bawah reformis Yoshida Toyo, yang terpengaruh dengan ide-ide tentang membuka dan mengembangkan perekonomian bangsa melalui industri dan perdagangan global. Tak lama kemudian, melalui Yoshida, ia mendapatkan pekerjaan sebagai juru tulis bagi pemerintah Tosa. Ia kemudian dipromosikan ke posisi teratas kantor perdagangan Tosa di Nagasaki, yang bertanggung jawab untuk perdagangan minyak kamper dan kertas untuk membeli kapal, senjata, dan amunisi.\n\nSetelah Restorasi Meiji tahun 1868 yang memaksa pembubaran dari kepentingan bisnis shogun, Iwasaki pergi ke Osaka dan menyewakan hak untuk perdagangan Tsukumo Trading Company. Perusahaan ini kemudian berubah nama menjadi Mitsubishi pada tahun 1873.\n\nPerusahaan mengadopsi nama Mitsubishi pada Maret 1870, ketika Yataro resmi menjadi presiden. Lambang yang merupakan gabungan dari lambang Keluarga Iwasaki dan daun pohon ek yang dibentuk menyerupai baling-baling kapal, berasal dari klan Yamauchi yang menguasai bagian Shikoku, daerah di mana Yataro dilahirkan.\n\nMitsubishi kemudian hampir jatuh ketika Insiden Formosa terjadi. Lima puluh empat nelayan Jepang tewas di Pulau Formosa (Tiongkok) tetapi pemerintah Tiongkok tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal itu. Perusahaan Yataro awalnya disalahkan, tetapi kemudian keadaan membaik dan bahkan Yataro memenangkan hak untuk mengoperasikan kapal-kapal pemerintah di antaranya kapal transportasi untuk mengangkut penumpang dan material, kemudian perusahaannya mulai berkembang lagi.\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n| name = Iwasaki Yatarō<br>岩崎 弥太郎\n| image = Yataro Iwasaki Portrait Closeup 1874.png\n| image_size    = 220px\n| birth_date = {{Birth date|1835|01|09}}\n| birth_place = [[Aki, Kōchi|Aki]], [[Provinsi Tosa]], [[Keshogunan Tokugawa]]\n| death_date = {{Death date and age|1885|02|07|1835|01|09}}\n| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang]]\n| nationality = Jepang\n| other_names = \n| known_for   = Pendiri [[Mitsubishi]]\n| occupation  = Industrialis\n|module =\n{{Infobox Chinese | child=yes\n|kyujitai          = 岩崎 彌太郎\n|shinjitai         = 岩崎 弥太郎\n|hiragana          = いわさき やたろう\n|katakana          = イワサキ ヤタロウ\n|romaji            = Iwasaki Yatarō\n}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"() adalah pendiri perusahaan grup Mitsubishi.","translated_text":"() is the founder of the Mitsubishi group of companies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga petani di Provinsi Aki, Provinsi Tosa (sekarang Prefektur Kochi), Jepang.","translated_text":"He was born into a farming family in Aki Province, Tosa Province (now Kochi Prefecture), Japan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Putra dari seorang petani sederhana, Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa.","translated_text":"The son of a simple farmer, Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":85,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Klan diadakan di banyak tempat di Jepang untuk kepentingan bisnis, supaya merangsang anak muda agar berambisi membangun perekonomian yang baik.","translated_text":"Clans are held in many places in Japan for business purposes, to encourage young people to aspire to build a good economy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":143,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan dan awal karier","translated_text":"Life and early career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa, ia pergi ke Edo (kini Tokyo) ketika berusia sembilan belas tahun bertujuan mencari pendidikan.","translated_text":"Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan, he went to Edo (now Tokyo) at the age of nineteen to seek education.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":143,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cedera serius yang dialami ayahnya dalam suatu perselisihan dengan kepala desa membuat Yataro pulang dari Edo setahun kemudian dan cuti sebentar dari studinya.","translated_text":"The serious injury his father suffered in a dispute with the village chief caused Yataro to return from Edo a year later and take a short leave of absence from his studies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hakim setempat menolak memproses kasus dari ayahnya dan Yataro menuduh hakim tidak adil.","translated_text":"The local judge refused to prosecute his father's case and Yataro accused the judge of being unfair.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":88,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia diusir dari kampungnya dan dikirim ke penjara selama tujuh bulan.","translated_text":"He was expelled from his village and sent to prison for seven months.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah dibebaskan ia tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap untuk sementara waktu sebelum menemukan pekerjaan sebagai guru les.","translated_text":"After his release he did not have a permanent job for a while before finding work as a lesbian teacher.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kembali ke Edo, ia disosialisasikan dengan aktivis politik dan belajar di bawah reformis Yoshida Toyo, yang terpengaruh dengan ide-ide tentang membuka dan mengembangkan perekonomian bangsa melalui industri dan perdagangan global.","translated_text":"Returning to Edo, he socialized with political activists and studied under reformist Yoshida Toyo, who was influenced by ideas about opening up and developing the nation's economy through global industry and trade.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":229,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tak lama kemudian, melalui Yoshida, ia mendapatkan pekerjaan sebagai juru tulis bagi pemerintah Tosa.","translated_text":"Soon after, through Yoshida, he got a job as a clerk for the Tosa government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":101,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia kemudian dipromosikan ke posisi teratas kantor perdagangan Tosa di Nagasaki, yang bertanggung jawab untuk perdagangan minyak kamper dan kertas untuk membeli kapal, senjata, dan amunisi.","translated_text":"He was then promoted to the top position of Tosa's trading office in Nagasaki, responsible for trading camper oil and paper to buy ships, weapons, and ammunition.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":188,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Berdirinya Mitsubishi","translated_text":"Founded by Mitsubishi","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah Restorasi Meiji tahun 1868 yang memaksa pembubaran dari kepentingan bisnis shogun, Iwasaki pergi ke Osaka dan menyewakan hak untuk perdagangan Tsukumo Trading Company.","translated_text":"After the Meiji Restoration of 1868 forced the dissolution of the shogun's business interests, Iwasaki went to Osaka and leased the rights to trade with the Tsukumo Trading Company.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":175,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan ini kemudian berubah nama menjadi Mitsubishi pada tahun 1873.","translated_text":"The company later changed its name to Mitsubishi in 1873.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Perusahaan mengadopsi nama Mitsubishi pada Maret 1870, ketika Yataro resmi menjadi presiden.","translated_text":"The company adopted the name Mitsubishi in March 1870, when Yataro officially became president.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lambang yang merupakan gabungan dari lambang Keluarga Iwasaki dan daun pohon ek yang dibentuk menyerupai baling-baling kapal, berasal dari klan Yamauchi yang menguasai bagian Shikoku, daerah di mana Yataro dilahirkan.","translated_text":"The emblem, which is a combination of the Iwasaki Family emblem and the oak leaves shaped like a ship's propeller, comes from the Yamauchi clan that controlled the Shikoku section, the area where Yataro was born.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":217,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mitsubishi kemudian hampir jatuh ketika Insiden Formosa terjadi.","translated_text":"Mitsubishi then nearly collapsed when the Formosa Incident occurred.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lima puluh empat nelayan Jepang tewas di Pulau Formosa (Tiongkok) tetapi pemerintah Tiongkok tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal itu.","translated_text":"Fifty-four Japanese fishermen died on Formosa Island (Tiongkok) but the Chinese government did not take responsibility for it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan Yataro awalnya disalahkan, tetapi kemudian keadaan membaik dan bahkan Yataro memenangkan hak untuk mengoperasikan kapal-kapal pemerintah di antaranya kapal transportasi untuk mengangkut penumpang dan material, kemudian perusahaannya mulai berkembang lagi.","translated_text":"Yataro's company was initially blamed, but then the situation improved and even Yataro won the right to operate government ships including transport ships to transport passengers and materials, then his company began to grow again.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":266,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"() adalah pendiri perusahaan grup Mitsubishi. Ia dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga petani di Provinsi Aki, Provinsi Tosa (sekarang Prefektur Kochi), Jepang.","translated_text":"() is the founder of the Mitsubishi group of companies. He was born into a farming family in Aki Province, Tosa Province (now Kochi Prefecture), Japan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":155,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":155,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"() adalah pendiri perusahaan grup Mitsubishi. Ia dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga petani di Provinsi Aki, Provinsi Tosa (sekarang Prefektur Kochi), Jepang. Putra dari seorang petani sederhana, Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa.","translated_text":"() is the founder of the Mitsubishi group of companies. He was born into a farming family in Aki Province, Tosa Province (now Kochi Prefecture), Japan. The son of a simple farmer, Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia dilahirkan dalam sebuah keluarga petani di Provinsi Aki, Provinsi Tosa (sekarang Prefektur Kochi), Jepang. Putra dari seorang petani sederhana, Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa. Klan diadakan di banyak tempat di Jepang untuk kepentingan bisnis, supaya merangsang anak muda agar berambisi membangun perekonomian yang baik.","translated_text":"He was born into a farming family in Aki Province, Tosa Province (now Kochi Prefecture), Japan. The son of a simple farmer, Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan. Clans are held in many places in Japan for business purposes, to encourage young people to aspire to build a good economy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":339,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa, ia pergi ke Edo (kini Tokyo) ketika berusia sembilan belas tahun bertujuan mencari pendidikan.","translated_text":"Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan, he went to Edo (now Tokyo) at the age of nineteen to seek education.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":143,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa, ia pergi ke Edo (kini Tokyo) ketika berusia sembilan belas tahun bertujuan mencari pendidikan. Cedera serius yang dialami ayahnya dalam suatu perselisihan dengan kepala desa membuat Yataro pulang dari Edo setahun kemudian dan cuti sebentar dari studinya.","translated_text":"Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan, he went to Edo (now Tokyo) at the age of nineteen to seek education. The serious injury his father suffered in a dispute with the village chief caused Yataro to return from Edo a year later and take a short leave of absence from his studies.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":303,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yataro memulai kariernya bekerja pada klan Tosa, ia pergi ke Edo (kini Tokyo) ketika berusia sembilan belas tahun bertujuan mencari pendidikan. Cedera serius yang dialami ayahnya dalam suatu perselisihan dengan kepala desa membuat Yataro pulang dari Edo setahun kemudian dan cuti sebentar dari studinya. Hakim setempat menolak memproses kasus dari ayahnya dan Yataro menuduh hakim tidak adil.","translated_text":"Yataro began his career working for the Tosa clan, he went to Edo (now Tokyo) at the age of nineteen to seek education. The serious injury his father suffered in a dispute with the village chief caused Yataro to return from Edo a year later and take a short leave of absence from his studies. The local judge refused to prosecute his father's case and Yataro accused the judge of being unfair.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":392,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hakim setempat menolak memproses kasus dari ayahnya dan Yataro menuduh hakim tidak adil. Ia diusir dari kampungnya dan dikirim ke penjara selama tujuh bulan. Setelah dibebaskan ia tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap untuk sementara waktu sebelum menemukan pekerjaan sebagai guru les.","translated_text":"The local judge refused to prosecute his father's case and Yataro accused the judge of being unfair. He was expelled from his village and sent to prison for seven months. After his release he did not have a permanent job for a while before finding work as a lesbian teacher.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mitsubishi\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |title=\"The Man Who Started It All\" |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2006-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060512151355/http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":278,"name":"mitsubishi","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.or.jp/e/h/feature1/intr_sph.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:38.966685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kembali ke Edo, ia disosialisasikan dengan aktivis politik dan belajar di bawah reformis Yoshida Toyo, yang terpengaruh dengan ide-ide tentang membuka dan mengembangkan perekonomian bangsa melalui industri dan perdagangan global.","translated_text":"Returning to Edo, he socialized with political activists and studied under reformist Yoshida Toyo, who was influenced by ideas about opening up and developing the nation's economy through global industry and trade.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":229,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Kembali ke Edo, ia disosialisasikan dengan aktivis politik dan belajar di bawah reformis Yoshida Toyo, yang terpengaruh dengan ide-ide tentang membuka dan mengembangkan perekonomian bangsa melalui industri dan perdagangan global. Tak lama kemudian, melalui Yoshida, ia mendapatkan pekerjaan sebagai juru tulis bagi pemerintah Tosa.","translated_text":"Returning to Edo, he socialized with political activists and studied under reformist Yoshida Toyo, who was influenced by ideas about opening up and developing the nation's economy through global industry and trade. Soon after, through Yoshida, he got a job as a clerk for the Tosa government.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":331,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Kembali ke Edo, ia disosialisasikan dengan aktivis politik dan belajar di bawah reformis Yoshida Toyo, yang terpengaruh dengan ide-ide tentang membuka dan mengembangkan perekonomian bangsa melalui industri dan perdagangan global. Tak lama kemudian, melalui Yoshida, ia mendapatkan pekerjaan sebagai juru tulis bagi pemerintah Tosa. Ia kemudian dipromosikan ke posisi teratas kantor perdagangan Tosa di Nagasaki, yang bertanggung jawab untuk perdagangan minyak kamper dan kertas untuk membeli kapal, senjata, dan amunisi.","translated_text":"Returning to Edo, he socialized with political activists and studied under reformist Yoshida Toyo, who was influenced by ideas about opening up and developing the nation's economy through global industry and trade. Soon after, through Yoshida, he got a job as a clerk for the Tosa government. He was then promoted to the top position of Tosa's trading office in Nagasaki, responsible for trading camper oil and paper to buy ships, weapons, and ammunition.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":520,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Setelah Restorasi Meiji tahun 1868 yang memaksa pembubaran dari kepentingan bisnis shogun, Iwasaki pergi ke Osaka dan menyewakan hak untuk perdagangan Tsukumo Trading Company.","translated_text":"After the Meiji Restoration of 1868 forced the dissolution of the shogun's business interests, Iwasaki went to Osaka and leased the rights to trade with the Tsukumo Trading Company.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":175,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]},{"text":"Setelah Restorasi Meiji tahun 1868 yang memaksa pembubaran dari kepentingan bisnis shogun, Iwasaki pergi ke Osaka dan menyewakan hak untuk perdagangan Tsukumo Trading Company. Perusahaan ini kemudian berubah nama menjadi Mitsubishi pada tahun 1873.","translated_text":"After the Meiji Restoration of 1868 forced the dissolution of the shogun's business interests, Iwasaki went to Osaka and leased the rights to trade with the Tsukumo Trading Company. The company later changed its name to Mitsubishi in 1873.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":248,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]},{"text":"Perusahaan mengadopsi nama Mitsubishi pada Maret 1870, ketika Yataro resmi menjadi presiden.","translated_text":"The company adopted the name Mitsubishi in March 1870, when Yataro officially became president.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]},{"text":"Perusahaan mengadopsi nama Mitsubishi pada Maret 1870, ketika Yataro resmi menjadi presiden. Lambang yang merupakan gabungan dari lambang Keluarga Iwasaki dan daun pohon ek yang dibentuk menyerupai baling-baling kapal, berasal dari klan Yamauchi yang menguasai bagian Shikoku, daerah di mana Yataro dilahirkan.","translated_text":"The company adopted the name Mitsubishi in March 1870, when Yataro officially became president. The emblem, which is a combination of the Iwasaki Family emblem and the oak leaves shaped like a ship's propeller, comes from the Yamauchi clan that controlled the Shikoku section, the area where Yataro was born.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":310,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]},{"text":"Mitsubishi kemudian hampir jatuh ketika Insiden Formosa terjadi.","translated_text":"Mitsubishi then nearly collapsed when the Formosa Incident occurred.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]},{"text":"Mitsubishi kemudian hampir jatuh ketika Insiden Formosa terjadi. Lima puluh empat nelayan Jepang tewas di Pulau Formosa (Tiongkok) tetapi pemerintah Tiongkok tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal itu.","translated_text":"Mitsubishi then nearly collapsed when the Formosa Incident occurred. Fifty-four Japanese fishermen died on Formosa Island (Tiongkok) but the Chinese government did not take responsibility for it.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":195,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]},{"text":"Mitsubishi kemudian hampir jatuh ketika Insiden Formosa terjadi. Lima puluh empat nelayan Jepang tewas di Pulau Formosa (Tiongkok) tetapi pemerintah Tiongkok tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal itu. Perusahaan Yataro awalnya disalahkan, tetapi kemudian keadaan membaik dan bahkan Yataro memenangkan hak untuk mengoperasikan kapal-kapal pemerintah di antaranya kapal transportasi untuk mengangkut penumpang dan material, kemudian perusahaannya mulai berkembang lagi.","translated_text":"Mitsubishi then nearly collapsed when the Formosa Incident occurred. Fifty-four Japanese fishermen died on Formosa Island (Tiongkok) but the Chinese government did not take responsibility for it. Yataro's company was initially blamed, but then the situation improved and even Yataro won the right to operate government ships including transport ships to transport passengers and materials, then his company began to grow again.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Mark\">[http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html \"The Mitsubishi Mark\"], Mitsubishi.com</ref>","char_index":462,"name":"Mark","url":"http://www.mitsubishi.com/e/group/mark.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42007,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.671471-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.876953125}]}]}
+{"title":"Aladin Dan Lampu Wasiat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Aladin dan Lampu Wasiat]]","hash":"5b411111caf2947fee9766fc8b6a565abc618d5e31e83db7bff1e178ba87c308","last_revision":"2010-06-13T15:01:23Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:01:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.464910","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Aladin dan Lampu Wasiat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Aladin dan Lampu Wasiat","translated_text":"Aladdin and the Light of the Will","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","wikicode":"{{gabungdari|Edward Howard Amstrong}}\n{{Infobox person\n|name = Edwin H. Armstrong\n|image = EdwinHowardArmstrong.jpg\n|caption = Developed and advanced the utility of FM technology.\n|birth_date = {{birth date|1890|12|18|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = New York, [[New York|NY]] \n|death_date = {{death date and age|1954|1|31|1890|12|18|mf=y}}\n|death_place = [[Manhattan]], New York\n|occupation = [[electrical engineer]] and [[inventor]]\n|salary =\n|education= [[Columbia University]]\n|spouse = Marion\n|known_for = inventor of [[FM radio]]\n|website =\n|footnotes = \n}}\n\n'''Edwin Howard Armstrong''' ({{lahirmati|[[New York, New York|New York]], [[New York]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|18|12|1890|[[Manhattan]], New York|31|1|1954}})<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref> Kepintaran dan keuletannya sudah tampak sejak kecil. Bahkan, ketika usianya baru menginjak 14 [[tahun]] dia telah bercita-cita ingin menjadi seorang [[penemu]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\nKetika menginjak [[remaja]], Armstrong mulai mencoba menjadi [[tukang]] [[servis]] [[alat]]-alat [[rumah]] [[tangga]] [[nirkabel]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Saat [[duduk]] dibangku [[Sekolah Menengah Atas]], dia mulai mengadakan uji coba dengan membuat [[tiang]] [[antenna]] di depan rumahnya untuk mempelajari [[teknologi]] [[nirkabel]] yang kala itu sering mengalami gangguan.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Dia dapat segera memahami permasalahan pada [[alat]] [[komunikasi]] tersebut. Bukan hanya itu, Armstrong pun dapat menemukan kelemahan [[sinyal]] pada penerima akhir [[transmisi]] [[komunikasi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |title=Dana M. Raymond: Air War: Legal Battles Over FM Radio |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2008-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Padahal, tidak ada cara lain untuk memperkuat [[tenaga]] pada pengiriman akhir.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tom Lewis|title=Empire of the air: the men who made radio|url=https://archive.org/details/empireofairmenwh00lewi|publisher=E. Burlingame Books|year=1991}}</ref>\n\nUntuk mengembangkan [[pengetahuan]]nya pada [[masalah]] [[gelombang]] [[komunikasi]], setelah tamat [[Sekolah Menengah Atas]], Armstrong masuk ke [[Jurusan]] [[Teknik]] [[Universitas Columbia]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Di sini dia melanjutkan [[penelitian]]nya di[[bidang]] [[nirkabel]]. Pada tahun [[ketiga]] di[[kampus]] ini, dia memperkenalkan temuannya, yaitu penguat [[gelombang]] [[radio]] [[pertama]] ([[radio amplifer]]).<ref>(en) J.R. Carson, [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/wrapper.jsp?arnumber=1666700 Notes on the theory of modulation], Proc. IRE, vol. 10, no. 1 (February 1922),pp. 57-64</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://findingaids.cul.columbia.edu/ead//nnc-rb/ldpd_4078687 Finding Aid for the Edwin H. Armstrong Papers housed at Columbia University's Rare Book and Manuscript Library]\n{{wikiquote}}\n* [http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm a Biography of Armstrong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070320/http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm |date=2008-05-09 }}\n* [http://users.erols.com/oldradio/ Photos and records relating to Edwin H. Armstrong, from the Houck Collection]\n* Katzdorn, Mike, \"''[http://users.erols.com/oldradio/ Edwin H. Armstrong]''\"\n* Halper, Donna, \"''[http://www.oldradio.com/archives/people/armstrong.htm Major Edwin Howard Armstrong]''\" (Barry Mishkind website)\n* Ammon, Richard T., \"''[http://www.superhets.info The Rolls Royce Of Reception]: Super Heterodynes - 1918 to 1930''\".\n* IEEE History Center's [http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/legacies/armstrong.html Edwin H. Armstrong]: Excerpt from \"The Legacy of Edwin Howard Armstrong,\" by J. E. Brittain Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 79, no. 2, February 1991\n* Hong, Sungook, \"''[http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/Che2004/Hong.pdf A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation]''\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF)\n* [http://antiqueradios.com/superhet/ Who Invented the Superhetrodyne?] The history of the invention of the superhetrodyne receiver and related patent disputes\n* Yannis Tsividis, \"[http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/armstrong_main.html?mode=interactive Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105222446/http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/armstrong_main.html?mode=interactive |date=2007-01-05 }}\", 2002. A profile on the web site of [[Columbia University]], Armstong's alma mater\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Amerika Serikat}}","hash":"e68f48ffb1a608df23dc49f3ac891199f0b114a23a431b46ee6ce7b6921611b6","last_revision":"2022-11-28T23:15:33Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:04:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.547793","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"إدوين هوارد آرمسترونغ","az":"Edvin Hovard Armstronq","bg":"Едуин Армстронг","bn":"এডউইন হাওয়ার্ড আর্মস্ট্রং","ca":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","cs":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","de":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","en":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","es":"Edwin Armstrong","eu":"Edwin Armstrong","fa":"ادوین هاوارد آرمسترانگ","fi":"Edwin Armstrong","fr":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","gl":"Edwin Armstrong","he":"אדווין ארמסטרונג","hy":"Էդվին Արմսթրոնգ","it":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","ja":"エドウィン・アームストロング","jv":"Edwin armstrong","ka":"ედუინ ჰაუარდ არმსტრონგი","kn":"ಎಡ್ವಿನ್ ಹೊವಾರ್ಡ್ ಆರ್ಮ್‌ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಂಗ್","ko":"에드윈 하워드 암스트롱","mg":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","nl":"Edwin Armstrong","nb":"Edwin H. Armstrong","pl":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","pnb":"ایڈون آرمسٹرانگ","pt":"Edwin Armstrong","ru":"Армстронг, Эдвин","sv":"Edwin Armstrong","ta":"எட்வின் ஹோவர்ட் ஆர்ம்ஸ்ட்ராங்","tl":"Edwin Howard Armstrong","uk":"Едвін Армстронг","zh":"埃德温·霍华德·阿姆斯特朗"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong () Kepintaran dan keuletannya sudah tampak sejak kecil. Bahkan, ketika usianya baru menginjak 14 tahun dia telah bercita-cita ingin menjadi seorang penemu.\n\nKetika menginjak remaja, Armstrong mulai mencoba menjadi tukang servis alat-alat rumah tangga nirkabel. Saat duduk dibangku Sekolah Menengah Atas, dia mulai mengadakan uji coba dengan membuat tiang antenna di depan rumahnya untuk mempelajari teknologi nirkabel yang kala itu sering mengalami gangguan. Dia dapat segera memahami permasalahan pada alat komunikasi tersebut. Bukan hanya itu, Armstrong pun dapat menemukan kelemahan sinyal pada penerima akhir transmisi komunikasi. Padahal, tidak ada cara lain untuk memperkuat tenaga pada pengiriman akhir.\n\nUntuk mengembangkan pengetahuannya pada masalah gelombang komunikasi, setelah tamat Sekolah Menengah Atas, Armstrong masuk ke Jurusan Teknik Universitas Columbia. Di sini dia melanjutkan penelitiannya dibidang nirkabel. Pada tahun ketiga dikampus ini, dia memperkenalkan temuannya, yaitu penguat gelombang radio pertama (radio amplifer).\n\nFinding Aid for the Edwin H. Armstrong Papers housed at Columbia University's Rare Book and Manuscript Library\n\na Biography of Armstrong Photos and records relating to Edwin H. Armstrong, from the Houck Collection Katzdorn, Mike, \"Edwin H. Armstrong\" Halper, Donna, \"Major Edwin Howard Armstrong\" (Barry Mishkind website) Ammon, Richard T., \"The Rolls Royce Of Reception: Super Heterodynes - 1918 to 1930\". IEEE History Center's Edwin H. Armstrong: Excerpt from \"The Legacy of Edwin Howard Armstrong,\" by J. E. Brittain Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 79, no. 2, February 1991 Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) Who Invented the Superhetrodyne? The history of the invention of the superhetrodyne receiver and related patent disputes Yannis Tsividis, \"Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves \", 2002. A profile on the web site of Columbia University, Armstong's alma mater\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name = Edwin H. Armstrong\n|image = EdwinHowardArmstrong.jpg\n|caption = Developed and advanced the utility of FM technology.\n|birth_date = {{birth date|1890|12|18|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = New York, [[New York|NY]] \n|death_date = {{death date and age|1954|1|31|1890|12|18|mf=y}}\n|death_place = [[Manhattan]], New York\n|occupation = [[electrical engineer]] and [[inventor]]\n|salary =\n|education= [[Columbia University]]\n|spouse = Marion\n|known_for = inventor of [[FM radio]]\n|website =\n|footnotes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong () Kepintaran dan keuletannya sudah tampak sejak kecil.","translated_text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong's intelligence and intelligence have been apparent since childhood.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketika menginjak remaja, Armstrong mulai mencoba menjadi tukang servis alat-alat rumah tangga nirkabel.","translated_text":"As a teenager, Armstrong began trying to become a wireless household appliance janitor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat duduk dibangku Sekolah Menengah Atas, dia mulai mengadakan uji coba dengan membuat tiang antenna di depan rumahnya untuk mempelajari teknologi nirkabel yang kala itu sering mengalami gangguan.","translated_text":"While sitting at my high school, he started experimenting by building an antenna mast in front of his house to study wireless technology that was often disrupted at the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":197,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia dapat segera memahami permasalahan pada alat komunikasi tersebut.","translated_text":"He can quickly grasp the problem with the communication device.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bukan hanya itu, Armstrong pun dapat menemukan kelemahan sinyal pada penerima akhir transmisi komunikasi.","translated_text":"Not only that, Armstrong was also able to detect signal weaknesses on the end receiver of the communication transmission.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |title=Dana M. Raymond: Air War: Legal Battles Over FM Radio |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2008-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15505,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.933883-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (77 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |title=Dana M. Raymond: Air War: Legal Battles Over FM Radio |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2008-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:42.353662-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Padahal, tidak ada cara lain untuk memperkuat tenaga pada pengiriman akhir.","translated_text":"In fact, there's no other way to reinforce the force on the final delivery.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|author=Tom Lewis|title=Empire of the air: the men who made radio|url=https://archive.org/details/empireofairmenwh00lewi|publisher=E. Burlingame Books|year=1991}}</ref>","char_index":75,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/empireofairmenwh00lewi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209020,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:52.369878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk mengembangkan pengetahuannya pada masalah gelombang komunikasi, setelah tamat Sekolah Menengah Atas, Armstrong masuk ke Jurusan Teknik Universitas Columbia.","translated_text":"To develop his knowledge of the problem of communication waves, after graduating from high school, Armstrong entered Columbia University's Engineering Department.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sini dia melanjutkan penelitiannya dibidang nirkabel.","translated_text":"Here he continues his research in the wireless field.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun ketiga dikampus ini, dia memperkenalkan temuannya, yaitu penguat gelombang radio pertama (radio amplifer).","translated_text":"In his third year on campus, he introduced his invention, the first radio amplifier.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>(en) J.R. Carson, [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/wrapper.jsp?arnumber=1666700 Notes on the theory of modulation], Proc. IRE, vol. 10, no. 1 (February 1922),pp. 57-64</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/wrapper.jsp?arnumber=1666700","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":245,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:54.059785-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Finding Aid for the Edwin H. Armstrong Papers housed at Columbia University's Rare Book and Manuscript Library","translated_text":"Finding Aid for the Edwin H. Armstrong Papers housed at Columbia University's Rare Book and Manuscript Library","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"a Biography of Armstrong Photos and records relating to Edwin H. Armstrong, from the Houck Collection Katzdorn, Mike, \"Edwin H. Armstrong\" Halper, Donna, \"Major Edwin Howard Armstrong\" (Barry Mishkind website) Ammon, Richard T., \"The Rolls Royce Of Reception: Super Heterodynes - 1918 to 1930\".","translated_text":"a Biography of Armstrong Photos and records relating to Edwin H. Armstrong, from the Houck Collection Katzdorn, Mike, \"Edwin H. Armstrong\" Halper, Donna, \"Major Edwin Howard Armstrong\" (Barry Mishkind website) Ammon, Richard T., \"The Rolls Royce Of Reception: Super Heterodynes - 1918 to 1930\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070320/http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm |date=2008-05-09 }}","char_index":25,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070320/http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:54.170892-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IEEE History Center's Edwin H. Armstrong: Excerpt from \"The Legacy of Edwin Howard Armstrong,\" by J. E. Brittain Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.","translated_text":"Edwin H. Armstrong of the IEEE History Center: Excerpt from \"The Legacy of Edwin Howard Armstrong\", by J. E. Brittain Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"79, no.","translated_text":"79, no.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"2, February 1991 Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) Who Invented the Superhetrodyne?","translated_text":"2, February 1991 Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) Who Invented the Superhetrodyne?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The history of the invention of the superhetrodyne receiver and related patent disputes Yannis Tsividis, \"Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves \", 2002.","translated_text":"The history of the invention of the superhetrodyne receiver and related patent disputes Yannis Tsividis, \"Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves\", 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105222446/http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/armstrong_main.html?mode=interactive |date=2007-01-05 }}","char_index":147,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070105222446/http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/armstrong_main.html?mode=interactive","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:54.239993-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"A profile on the web site of Columbia University, Armstong's alma mater","translated_text":"A profile on the web site of Columbia University, Armstong's alma mater","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong () Kepintaran dan keuletannya sudah tampak sejak kecil.","translated_text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong's intelligence and intelligence have been apparent since childhood.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":25,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong () Kepintaran dan keuletannya sudah tampak sejak kecil. Bahkan, ketika usianya baru menginjak 14 tahun dia telah bercita-cita ingin menjadi seorang penemu.","translated_text":"Edwin Howard Armstrong's intelligence and intelligence have been apparent since childhood. In fact, when he was just 14 years old, he had longed to be an inventor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":178,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika menginjak remaja, Armstrong mulai mencoba menjadi tukang servis alat-alat rumah tangga nirkabel.","translated_text":"As a teenager, Armstrong began trying to become a wireless household appliance janitor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika menginjak remaja, Armstrong mulai mencoba menjadi tukang servis alat-alat rumah tangga nirkabel. Saat duduk dibangku Sekolah Menengah Atas, dia mulai mengadakan uji coba dengan membuat tiang antenna di depan rumahnya untuk mempelajari teknologi nirkabel yang kala itu sering mengalami gangguan.","translated_text":"As a teenager, Armstrong began trying to become a wireless household appliance janitor. While sitting at my high school, he started experimenting by building an antenna mast in front of his house to study wireless technology that was often disrupted at the time.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":301,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat duduk dibangku Sekolah Menengah Atas, dia mulai mengadakan uji coba dengan membuat tiang antenna di depan rumahnya untuk mempelajari teknologi nirkabel yang kala itu sering mengalami gangguan. Dia dapat segera memahami permasalahan pada alat komunikasi tersebut. Bukan hanya itu, Armstrong pun dapat menemukan kelemahan sinyal pada penerima akhir transmisi komunikasi.","translated_text":"While sitting at my high school, he started experimenting by building an antenna mast in front of his house to study wireless technology that was often disrupted at the time. He can quickly grasp the problem with the communication device. Not only that, Armstrong was also able to detect signal weaknesses on the end receiver of the communication transmission.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |title=Dana M. Raymond: Air War: Legal Battles Over FM Radio |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2008-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":373,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15505,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:41.933883-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (77 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |title=Dana M. Raymond: Air War: Legal Battles Over FM Radio |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2008-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":373,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080515054100/http://www.fathom.com/seminars/10701020/session2.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:42.353662-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia dapat segera memahami permasalahan pada alat komunikasi tersebut. Bukan hanya itu, Armstrong pun dapat menemukan kelemahan sinyal pada penerima akhir transmisi komunikasi. Padahal, tidak ada cara lain untuk memperkuat tenaga pada pengiriman akhir.","translated_text":"He can quickly grasp the problem with the communication device. Not only that, Armstrong was also able to detect signal weaknesses on the end receiver of the communication transmission. In fact, there's no other way to reinforce the force on the final delivery.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|author=Tom Lewis|title=Empire of the air: the men who made radio|url=https://archive.org/details/empireofairmenwh00lewi|publisher=E. Burlingame Books|year=1991}}</ref>","char_index":251,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/empireofairmenwh00lewi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209020,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:52.369878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Untuk mengembangkan pengetahuannya pada masalah gelombang komunikasi, setelah tamat Sekolah Menengah Atas, Armstrong masuk ke Jurusan Teknik Universitas Columbia.","translated_text":"To develop his knowledge of the problem of communication waves, after graduating from high school, Armstrong entered Columbia University's Engineering Department.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk mengembangkan pengetahuannya pada masalah gelombang komunikasi, setelah tamat Sekolah Menengah Atas, Armstrong masuk ke Jurusan Teknik Universitas Columbia. Di sini dia melanjutkan penelitiannya dibidang nirkabel. Pada tahun ketiga dikampus ini, dia memperkenalkan temuannya, yaitu penguat gelombang radio pertama (radio amplifer).","translated_text":"To develop his knowledge of the problem of communication waves, after graduating from high school, Armstrong entered Columbia University's Engineering Department. Here he continues his research in the wireless field. In his third year on campus, he introduced his invention, the first radio amplifier.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>(en) J.R. Carson, [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/wrapper.jsp?arnumber=1666700 Notes on the theory of modulation], Proc. IRE, vol. 10, no. 1 (February 1922),pp. 57-64</ref>","char_index":337,"name":null,"url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/wrapper.jsp?arnumber=1666700","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":245,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:54.059785-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"a Biography of Armstrong Photos and records relating to Edwin H. Armstrong, from the Houck Collection Katzdorn, Mike, \"Edwin H. Armstrong\" Halper, Donna, \"Major Edwin Howard Armstrong\" (Barry Mishkind website) Ammon, Richard T., \"The Rolls Royce Of Reception: Super Heterodynes - 1918 to 1930\".","translated_text":"a Biography of Armstrong Photos and records relating to Edwin H. Armstrong, from the Houck Collection Katzdorn, Mike, \"Edwin H. Armstrong\" Halper, Donna, \"Major Edwin Howard Armstrong\" (Barry Mishkind website) Ammon, Richard T., \"The Rolls Royce Of Reception: Super Heterodynes - 1918 to 1930\".","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070320/http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm |date=2008-05-09 }}","char_index":25,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070320/http://world.std.com/~jlr/doom/armstrng.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:54.170892-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"79, no. 2, February 1991 Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) Who Invented the Superhetrodyne? The history of the invention of the superhetrodyne receiver and related patent disputes Yannis Tsividis, \"Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves \", 2002.","translated_text":"79, no. 2, February 1991 Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) Who Invented the Superhetrodyne? The history of the invention of the superhetrodyne receiver and related patent disputes Yannis Tsividis, \"Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves\", 2002.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105222446/http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/armstrong_main.html?mode=interactive |date=2007-01-05 }}","char_index":328,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070105222446/http://www.ee.columbia.edu/misc-pages/armstrong_main.html?mode=interactive","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:54.239993-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"George Lopez","wikicode":"{{Infobox Comedian\n|name = George Lopez\n|image =George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg\n|birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1961|4|23}}\n|birth_place = [[Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California|Mission Hills, California]], U.S.\n|medium = Stand-up comedy, television, film\n|active = 1983–present\n|genre = [[Observational comedy]], Satire\n|subject = [[Mexican American|Mexican American culture]], [[race relations]], [[family]], [[friends]], [[everyday life]]\n|influences = [[Richard Pryor]], [[Freddie Prinze]], [[Cheech & Chong]], [[Bill Cosby]], [[Paul Mooney (comedian)|Paul Mooney]], [[Chris Rock]]\n|notable_work= '''George Lopez''' in ''[[The George Lopez Show|George Lopez]]\n|spouse = Ann Serrano (1993–present) 1 child\n|website = [http://www.georgelopez.com/ GeorgeLopez.com]\n|footnotes =\n}}\n'''George Edward Lopez''' ({{lahirmati|[[Amerika Serikat]]|23|4|1961}})) adalah seorang pelawak, [[aktor]], dan [[pembawa acara]] dari Amerika.<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Lopez membintangi banyak [[komedi]] yang merupakan ciptaannya sendiri.<ref name=\"georgelopez\"/> Komedi ini mempunyai cerita beralur budaya [[Meksiko]].<ref name=\"georgelopez\"/>\n\n== Kehidupan ==\nLopez berdarah Meksiko-Amerika, lahir tahun [[1961]] di ''Mission Hills'', [[California]].<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>\n\n<ref name=\"Cecelia\">{{en}} [http://ceceliablog.com/george-lopez-net-worth-2023/ George Lopez Net Worth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713104157/https://ceceliablog.com/george-lopez-net-worth-2023/ |date=2023-07-13 }}, ''Cecelia''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2014.</ref>\n\n Sejak lahir, dia telah ditinggalkan ayahnya, tetapi dibesarkan oleh nenek dari pihak ibu, ''Benita Gutierrez'', seorang pekerja pabrik.<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Pada tahun [[1993]], Lopez menikah dengan ''Ann Serrano'' dan memiliki satu anak.<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Lopez juga merupakan seorang pemain [[golf]] yang tampil pada tahun [[2004]] dalam ''Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am''.<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Lopez meraih penghargaan sebagai top ranking di penyelesaian turnamen golf itu.<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Sejak tahun [[2006]], Lopez menjadi anggota ''Lakeside Country Club'' di [[Burbank]].<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Lopez juga aktif dalam kegiatan sosial.<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Dia mendirikan ''Manny Mota'', sebuah yayasan masyarakat di [[Los Angeles]].<ref name=\"imdb\"/> Lopez menerima penghargaan ''People for the American Way'' oleh pemimpin Los Angeles, karena aktif dalam membantu korban [[gempa bumi]] di [[El Salvador]] dan [[Guatemala]].<ref name=\"imdb\"/>\n\n== Filmography ==\n{|class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%;\" border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" background: #f9f9f9;\n|- align=\"center\"\n! colspan=4 style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" |Film\n|- align=\"center\"\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Year\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Film\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Role\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Notes\n|-\n|1990\n|''[[Ski Patrol (film)|Ski Patrol]]''\n|Eddie Martinez\n|\n|-\n|1993\n|''[[Fatal Instinct]]''\n|Murder Investigator\n|\n|-\n|2001\n|''[[Bread and Roses (film)|Bread and Roses]]''\n|Perez\n|Nominated—[[ALMA Award]] for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\n|-\n|2002\n|''[[Real Women Have Curves]]''\n|Mr. Guzman\n|-\n|2002\n|''[[Outta Time]]''\n|Felix\n|-\n|2005\n|''[[The Adventures of Shark Boy and Lava Girl]]''\n|Mr. Electricidad/ Mr. Electric/Tobor\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2006\n|''[[Balls of Fury]]''\n|Ernie Rodriguez\n|\n|-\n|''[[Tortilla Heaven]]''\n|Everardo\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=3|2008\n|''[[Swing Vote (2008 film)|Swing Vote]]''\n|John Sweeney\n|\n|-\n|''[[Henry Poole Is Here]]''\n|Father Salizar\n|\n|-\n|''[[Beverly Hills Chihuahua]]''\n|Papi\n|voice only\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2009\n|''[[Shannon's Rainbow]]\n|Captain Martin\n|\n|-\n|''[[Mr. Troop Mom]]\n|Eddie Serrano\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=3|2010\n|''[[The Spy Next Door]]''\n|Glaze\n|Nominated—[[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor|Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor]] <small>(shared with ''Valentine's Day'' and ''Marmaduke'')</small>\n|-\n|''[[Valentine's Day (film)|Valentine's Day]]\n|Alfonso\n|\n|-\n|''[[Marmaduke (film)|Marmaduke]]''\n|Carlos\n|voice\n|-\n|rowspan=4|2011\n|''[[Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2]]''\n|Papi\n|voice only<br>Nominated—[[Imagen Awards|Imagen Award]] for Best Actor in a Feature Film<br>Nominated—[[Kids' Choice Award]] for Favorite Movie Actor\n|-\n|''[[The Smurfs (film)|The Smurfs]]''\n|Grouchy Smurf\n|voice only\n|-\n|''[[Rio (film)|Rio]]''\n|Rafael\n|voice only\n|-\n|''April Apocalypse''\n|Dr. Lyle\n|filming\n|}\n\n== Television ==\n{|class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%;\" border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" background: #f9f9f9;\n|- align=\"center\"\n! colspan=4 style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" |Television\n|- align=\"center\"\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Year\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Television\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Role\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Notes\n|-\n|rowspan=3|2002\n|''Fidel''\n|Chucho Osorio\n|\n|-\n|''[[The Brothers García]]''\n|Mr. Fender\n|Episode \"The Student Buddy\"\n|-\n|''[[Curb your Enthusiasm]]''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2002–2007\n|''[[George Lopez (TV series)|George Lopez]]''\n|[[George Lopez (character)|George Lopez]]\n|119 episodes<br>[[Imagen Awards|Imagen Award]] for Best Actor - Television <small>(won 2004; nominated 2005, 2006, 2007)</small><br>Nominated—[[ALMA Award]] for Outstanding Actor in a Television Series<br>Nominated—BET Comedy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series<br>Nominated—[[Image Award]] for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series <small>(nominated 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)</small><br>Nominated—[[Teen Choice Award]] for Choice TV Breakout Star - Male<br>Nominated—[[Young Artist Award]] for Most Popular Mom & Pop in a Television Series <small>(shared with [[Constance Marie]])</small>\n|-\n|2004\n|''[[Naughty or Nice (film)|Naughty or Nice]]''\n|Henry Ramiro\n|\n|-\n|2006\n|''[[Freddie]]''\n|George\n|\"Freddie Gets Cross Over \"\n|-\n|2007–2008\n|''[[The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)|The Naked Brothers Band]]''\n|Himself\n|3 episodes\n|-\n|2008\n|''[[Reno 911]]''\n|Mayor of [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]]\n|3 episodes\n|-\n|2009–2011\n|''[[Lopez Tonight]]''\n|Himself (Host)\n|Nominated—[[People's Choice Award]] for Favorite Talk Show Host\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[America's Got Talent]]''\n|Grouchy Smurf (voice)\n|July 27 (Season 6, Qtr Finals 3 results)\n|}\n\n== Stand up ==\n{|class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%;\" border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" background: #f9f9f9;\n|- align=\"center\"\n! colspan=4 style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" |Stand up\n|- align=\"center\"\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Year\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Film\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Role\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Notes\n|-\n|2000\n|''Alien Nation''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2001\n|''Right Now, Right Now''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2002\n|''Team Leader''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2006\n|''Why You Crying?''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|''El Mas Chingon?''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2007\n|''America's Mexican''\n|Himself\n|[[HBO Special]]\n|-\n|2009\n|''Tall, Dark, & Chicano''\n|Himself\n|HBO Special\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{commons|George Lopez}}\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1961||Lopez, George}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik]]\n\n\n{{AS-bio-stub}}","hash":"f2eb1dfca23dc7618521764542d538f0a806535dab2d754af6caea860b3cfa99","last_revision":"2023-08-28T01:49:42Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:25:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.606961","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"George Lopez","an":"George Lopez","ar":"جورج لوبيز","arz":"جورج لوبيز","ast":"George Lopez","azb":"جرج لوپز","ckb":"جۆرج لۆپێز","de":"George Lopez (Komiker)","en":"George Lopez","es":"George Lopez","eu":"George Lopez","fa":"جرج لوپز","fi":"George Lopez","fr":"George Lopez","ga":"George Lopez","he":"ג'ורג' לופז","hu":"George Lopez","hy":"Ջորջ Լոպես","io":"George Lopez","is":"George Lopez","it":"George Lopez","ja":"ジョージ・ロペス","jv":"George Lopez","ko":"조지 로페즈","nl":"George Lopez","nn":"George Lopez","nb":"George Lopez","pt":"George Lopez","ru":"Лопес, Джордж","simple":"George Lopez","sq":"George Lopez","sv":"George Lopez","tr":"George Lopez","zh":"乔治·洛佩兹"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"{{Infobox Comedian |name = George Lopez |image =George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg |birth_date = |birth_place = Mission Hills, California, U.S. |medium = Stand-up comedy, television, film |active = 1983–present |genre = Observational comedy, Satire |subject = Mexican American culture, race relations, family, friends, everyday life |influences = Richard Pryor, Freddie Prinze, Cheech & Chong, Bill Cosby, Paul Mooney, Chris Rock |notable_work= George Lopez in George Lopez |spouse = Ann Serrano (1993–present) 1 child |website = GeorgeLopez.com |footnotes = }} George Edward Lopez ()) adalah seorang pelawak, aktor, dan pembawa acara dari Amerika. Lopez membintangi banyak komedi yang merupakan ciptaannya sendiri. Komedi ini mempunyai cerita beralur budaya Meksiko.\n\nLopez berdarah Meksiko-Amerika, lahir tahun 1961 di Mission Hills, California.\n\nSejak lahir, dia telah ditinggalkan ayahnya, tetapi dibesarkan oleh nenek dari pihak ibu, Benita Gutierrez, seorang pekerja pabrik. Pada tahun 1993, Lopez menikah dengan Ann Serrano dan memiliki satu anak. Lopez juga merupakan seorang pemain golf yang tampil pada tahun 2004 dalam Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez meraih penghargaan sebagai top ranking di penyelesaian turnamen golf itu. Sejak tahun 2006, Lopez menjadi anggota Lakeside Country Club di Burbank. Lopez juga aktif dalam kegiatan sosial. Dia mendirikan Manny Mota, sebuah yayasan masyarakat di Los Angeles. Lopez menerima penghargaan People for the American Way'' oleh pemimpin Los Angeles, karena aktif dalam membantu korban gempa bumi di El Salvador dan Guatemala.\n\nKategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{Infobox Comedian |name = George Lopez |image =George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg |birth_date = |birth_place = Mission Hills, California, U.S. |medium = Stand-up comedy, television, film |active = 1983–present |genre = Observational comedy, Satire |subject = Mexican American culture, race relations, family, friends, everyday life |influences = Richard Pryor, Freddie Prinze, Cheech & Chong, Bill Cosby, Paul Mooney, Chris Rock |notable_work= George Lopez in George Lopez |spouse = Ann Serrano (1993–present) 1 child |website = GeorgeLopez.com |footnotes = }} George Edward Lopez ()) adalah seorang pelawak, aktor, dan pembawa acara dari Amerika.","translated_text":"George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg Birthdate_birthplace = Mission Hills, California, U.S.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":693,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875},{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":693,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lopez membintangi banyak komedi yang merupakan ciptaannya sendiri.","translated_text":"Lopez starred in many comedies that were his own creation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Komedi ini mempunyai cerita beralur budaya Meksiko.","translated_text":"This comedy has a story of Mexican culture.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":51,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan","translated_text":"The Life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lopez berdarah Meksiko-Amerika, lahir tahun 1961 di Mission Hills, California.","translated_text":"Lopez is Mexican-American, born in 1961 in Mission Hills, California.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak lahir, dia telah ditinggalkan ayahnya, tetapi dibesarkan oleh nenek dari pihak ibu, Benita Gutierrez, seorang pekerja pabrik.","translated_text":"From birth, he was abandoned by his father, but raised by his maternal grandmother, Benita Gutierrez, a factory worker.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1993, Lopez menikah dengan Ann Serrano dan memiliki satu anak.","translated_text":"In 1993, Lopez married Ann Serrano and had one child.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lopez juga merupakan seorang pemain golf yang tampil pada tahun 2004 dalam Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez meraih penghargaan sebagai top ranking di penyelesaian turnamen golf itu.","translated_text":"Lopez was also a golfer who appeared in the 2004 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez earned the top ranking award at the completion of the golf tournament.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":217,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak tahun 2006, Lopez menjadi anggota Lakeside Country Club di Burbank.","translated_text":"Since 2006, Lopez has been a member of Lakeside Country Club in Burbank.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lopez juga aktif dalam kegiatan sosial.","translated_text":"Lopez is also active in social activities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":39,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia mendirikan Manny Mota, sebuah yayasan masyarakat di Los Angeles.","translated_text":"He founded Manny Mota, a community foundation in Los Angeles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lopez menerima penghargaan People for the American Way'' oleh pemimpin Los Angeles, karena aktif dalam membantu korban gempa bumi di El Salvador dan Guatemala.","translated_text":"Lopez received the People for the American Way' award from the Los Angeles leader, for being active in helping earthquake victims in El Salvador and Guatemala.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmography","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%;\" border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" background: #f9f9f9;\n|- align=\"center\"\n! colspan=4 style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" |Film\n|- align=\"center\"\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Year\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Film\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Role\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Notes\n|-\n|1990\n|''[[Ski Patrol (film)|Ski Patrol]]''\n|Eddie Martinez\n|\n|-\n|1993\n|''[[Fatal Instinct]]''\n|Murder Investigator\n|\n|-\n|2001\n|''[[Bread and Roses (film)|Bread and Roses]]''\n|Perez\n|Nominated—[[ALMA Award]] for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture\n|-\n|2002\n|''[[Real Women Have Curves]]''\n|Mr. Guzman\n|-\n|2002\n|''[[Outta Time]]''\n|Felix\n|-\n|2005\n|''[[The Adventures of Shark Boy and Lava Girl]]''\n|Mr. Electricidad/ Mr. Electric/Tobor\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2006\n|''[[Balls of Fury]]''\n|Ernie Rodriguez\n|\n|-\n|''[[Tortilla Heaven]]''\n|Everardo\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=3|2008\n|''[[Swing Vote (2008 film)|Swing Vote]]''\n|John Sweeney\n|\n|-\n|''[[Henry Poole Is Here]]''\n|Father Salizar\n|\n|-\n|''[[Beverly Hills Chihuahua]]''\n|Papi\n|voice only\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2009\n|''[[Shannon's Rainbow]]\n|Captain Martin\n|\n|-\n|''[[Mr. Troop Mom]]\n|Eddie Serrano\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=3|2010\n|''[[The Spy Next Door]]''\n|Glaze\n|Nominated—[[Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor|Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor]] <small>(shared with ''Valentine's Day'' and ''Marmaduke'')</small>\n|-\n|''[[Valentine's Day (film)|Valentine's Day]]\n|Alfonso\n|\n|-\n|''[[Marmaduke (film)|Marmaduke]]''\n|Carlos\n|voice\n|-\n|rowspan=4|2011\n|''[[Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2]]''\n|Papi\n|voice only<br>Nominated—[[Imagen Awards|Imagen Award]] for Best Actor in a Feature Film<br>Nominated—[[Kids' Choice Award]] for Favorite Movie Actor\n|-\n|''[[The Smurfs (film)|The Smurfs]]''\n|Grouchy Smurf\n|voice only\n|-\n|''[[Rio (film)|Rio]]''\n|Rafael\n|voice only\n|-\n|''April Apocalypse''\n|Dr. Lyle\n|filming\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Television","translated_text":"Television","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%;\" border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" background: #f9f9f9;\n|- align=\"center\"\n! colspan=4 style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" |Television\n|- align=\"center\"\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Year\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Television\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Role\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Notes\n|-\n|rowspan=3|2002\n|''Fidel''\n|Chucho Osorio\n|\n|-\n|''[[The Brothers García]]''\n|Mr. Fender\n|Episode \"The Student Buddy\"\n|-\n|''[[Curb your Enthusiasm]]''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2002–2007\n|''[[George Lopez (TV series)|George Lopez]]''\n|[[George Lopez (character)|George Lopez]]\n|119 episodes<br>[[Imagen Awards|Imagen Award]] for Best Actor - Television <small>(won 2004; nominated 2005, 2006, 2007)</small><br>Nominated—[[ALMA Award]] for Outstanding Actor in a Television Series<br>Nominated—BET Comedy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series<br>Nominated—[[Image Award]] for Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series <small>(nominated 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)</small><br>Nominated—[[Teen Choice Award]] for Choice TV Breakout Star - Male<br>Nominated—[[Young Artist Award]] for Most Popular Mom & Pop in a Television Series <small>(shared with [[Constance Marie]])</small>\n|-\n|2004\n|''[[Naughty or Nice (film)|Naughty or Nice]]''\n|Henry Ramiro\n|\n|-\n|2006\n|''[[Freddie]]''\n|George\n|\"Freddie Gets Cross Over \"\n|-\n|2007–2008\n|''[[The Naked Brothers Band (TV series)|The Naked Brothers Band]]''\n|Himself\n|3 episodes\n|-\n|2008\n|''[[Reno 911]]''\n|Mayor of [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]]\n|3 episodes\n|-\n|2009–2011\n|''[[Lopez Tonight]]''\n|Himself (Host)\n|Nominated—[[People's Choice Award]] for Favorite Talk Show Host\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[America's Got Talent]]''\n|Grouchy Smurf (voice)\n|July 27 (Season 6, Qtr Finals 3 results)\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Stand up","translated_text":"Stand up","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%;\" border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" background: #f9f9f9;\n|- align=\"center\"\n! colspan=4 style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" |Stand up\n|- align=\"center\"\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Year\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Film\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Role\n! style=\"background: #CCCCCC;\" |Notes\n|-\n|2000\n|''Alien Nation''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2001\n|''Right Now, Right Now''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2002\n|''Team Leader''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2006\n|''Why You Crying?''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|''El Mas Chingon?''\n|Himself\n|\n|-\n|2007\n|''America's Mexican''\n|Himself\n|[[HBO Special]]\n|-\n|2009\n|''Tall, Dark, & Chicano''\n|Himself\n|HBO Special\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik","translated_text":"Category:Things that need to be categorized more specifically","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"{{Infobox Comedian |name = George Lopez |image =George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg |birth_date = |birth_place = Mission Hills, California, U.S. |medium = Stand-up comedy, television, film |active = 1983–present |genre = Observational comedy, Satire |subject = Mexican American culture, race relations, family, friends, everyday life |influences = Richard Pryor, Freddie Prinze, Cheech & Chong, Bill Cosby, Paul Mooney, Chris Rock |notable_work= George Lopez in George Lopez |spouse = Ann Serrano (1993–present) 1 child |website = GeorgeLopez.com |footnotes = }} George Edward Lopez ()) adalah seorang pelawak, aktor, dan pembawa acara dari Amerika.","translated_text":"George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg Birthdate_birthplace = Mission Hills, California, U.S.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":693,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875},{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":693,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}]},{"text":"{{Infobox Comedian |name = George Lopez |image =George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg |birth_date = |birth_place = Mission Hills, California, U.S. |medium = Stand-up comedy, television, film |active = 1983–present |genre = Observational comedy, Satire |subject = Mexican American culture, race relations, family, friends, everyday life |influences = Richard Pryor, Freddie Prinze, Cheech & Chong, Bill Cosby, Paul Mooney, Chris Rock |notable_work= George Lopez in George Lopez |spouse = Ann Serrano (1993–present) 1 child |website = GeorgeLopez.com |footnotes = }} George Edward Lopez ()) adalah seorang pelawak, aktor, dan pembawa acara dari Amerika. Lopez membintangi banyak komedi yang merupakan ciptaannya sendiri.","translated_text":"George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg Birthdate_birthplace = Mission Hills, California, U.S. Lopez starred in many comedies that were his own creation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":760,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}]},{"text":"{{Infobox Comedian |name = George Lopez |image =George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg |birth_date = |birth_place = Mission Hills, California, U.S. |medium = Stand-up comedy, television, film |active = 1983–present |genre = Observational comedy, Satire |subject = Mexican American culture, race relations, family, friends, everyday life |influences = Richard Pryor, Freddie Prinze, Cheech & Chong, Bill Cosby, Paul Mooney, Chris Rock |notable_work= George Lopez in George Lopez |spouse = Ann Serrano (1993–present) 1 child |website = GeorgeLopez.com |footnotes = }} George Edward Lopez ()) adalah seorang pelawak, aktor, dan pembawa acara dari Amerika. Lopez membintangi banyak komedi yang merupakan ciptaannya sendiri. Komedi ini mempunyai cerita beralur budaya Meksiko.","translated_text":"George Lopez at Kids' Inaugural 1-19-09 hires 090119-N-1928O-136a (cropped).jpg Birthdate_birthplace = Mission Hills, California, U.S. Lopez starred in many comedies that were his own creation. This comedy has a story of Mexican culture.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"georgelopez\">{{en}} [http://www.georgelopez.com George Lopez] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117191030/http://georgelopez.com/ |date=2018-01-17 }}, ''georgelopez''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":812,"name":"georgelopez","url":"http://www.georgelopez.com","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92446,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.397462-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}]},{"text":"Lopez berdarah Meksiko-Amerika, lahir tahun 1961 di Mission Hills, California.","translated_text":"Lopez is Mexican-American, born in 1961 in Mission Hills, California.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak lahir, dia telah ditinggalkan ayahnya, tetapi dibesarkan oleh nenek dari pihak ibu, Benita Gutierrez, seorang pekerja pabrik.","translated_text":"From birth, he was abandoned by his father, but raised by his maternal grandmother, Benita Gutierrez, a factory worker.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak lahir, dia telah ditinggalkan ayahnya, tetapi dibesarkan oleh nenek dari pihak ibu, Benita Gutierrez, seorang pekerja pabrik. Pada tahun 1993, Lopez menikah dengan Ann Serrano dan memiliki satu anak.","translated_text":"From birth, he was abandoned by his father, but raised by his maternal grandmother, Benita Gutierrez, a factory worker. In 1993, Lopez married Ann Serrano and had one child.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":205,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak lahir, dia telah ditinggalkan ayahnya, tetapi dibesarkan oleh nenek dari pihak ibu, Benita Gutierrez, seorang pekerja pabrik. Pada tahun 1993, Lopez menikah dengan Ann Serrano dan memiliki satu anak. Lopez juga merupakan seorang pemain golf yang tampil pada tahun 2004 dalam Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez meraih penghargaan sebagai top ranking di penyelesaian turnamen golf itu.","translated_text":"From birth, he was abandoned by his father, but raised by his maternal grandmother, Benita Gutierrez, a factory worker. In 1993, Lopez married Ann Serrano and had one child. Lopez was also a golfer who appeared in the 2004 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez earned the top ranking award at the completion of the golf tournament.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":343,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":423,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1993, Lopez menikah dengan Ann Serrano dan memiliki satu anak. Lopez juga merupakan seorang pemain golf yang tampil pada tahun 2004 dalam Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez meraih penghargaan sebagai top ranking di penyelesaian turnamen golf itu. Sejak tahun 2006, Lopez menjadi anggota Lakeside Country Club di Burbank.","translated_text":"In 1993, Lopez married Ann Serrano and had one child. Lopez was also a golfer who appeared in the 2004 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez earned the top ranking award at the completion of the golf tournament. Since 2006, Lopez has been a member of Lakeside Country Club in Burbank.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":365,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lopez juga merupakan seorang pemain golf yang tampil pada tahun 2004 dalam Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez meraih penghargaan sebagai top ranking di penyelesaian turnamen golf itu. Sejak tahun 2006, Lopez menjadi anggota Lakeside Country Club di Burbank. Lopez juga aktif dalam kegiatan sosial.","translated_text":"Lopez was also a golfer who appeared in the 2004 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic and 2004 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Lopez earned the top ranking award at the completion of the golf tournament. Since 2006, Lopez has been a member of Lakeside Country Club in Burbank. Lopez is also active in social activities.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":331,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak tahun 2006, Lopez menjadi anggota Lakeside Country Club di Burbank. Lopez juga aktif dalam kegiatan sosial. Dia mendirikan Manny Mota, sebuah yayasan masyarakat di Los Angeles.","translated_text":"Since 2006, Lopez has been a member of Lakeside Country Club in Burbank. Lopez is also active in social activities. He founded Manny Mota, a community foundation in Los Angeles.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":182,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lopez juga aktif dalam kegiatan sosial. Dia mendirikan Manny Mota, sebuah yayasan masyarakat di Los Angeles. Lopez menerima penghargaan People for the American Way'' oleh pemimpin Los Angeles, karena aktif dalam membantu korban gempa bumi di El Salvador dan Guatemala.","translated_text":"Lopez is also active in social activities. He founded Manny Mota, a community foundation in Los Angeles. Lopez received the People for the American Way' award from the Los Angeles leader, for being active in helping earthquake victims in El Salvador and Guatemala.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"imdb\">{{en}} [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ George Lopez Biographi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729195142/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/ |date=2023-07-29 }}, ''imdb''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":268,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520064/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.562671-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Edwin Powell Hubble","wikicode":"{{Infobox Scientist\n|name = Edwin Powell Hubble\n|image =Studio portrait photograph of Edwin Powell Hubble (cropped).JPG\n|birth_date = {{birth date|1889|11|29|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Marshfield, Missouri]], [[Amerika Serikat|A.S.]]\n|residence = [[Amerika Serikat|A.S.]]\n|nationality = [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]]\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1953|9|28|1889|11|20|mf=y}}\n|death_place = [[San Marino, California|San Marino]], [[California]]\n|field = [[Astronomi]]\n|work_institutions = [[University of Chicago]]<br />[[Mount Wilson Observatory]]\n|alma_mater = [[University of Chicago]]<br />[[University of Oxford]]\n|influenced = [[Allan Sandage]]\n|known_for  = [[Dentuman Besar]]<br />[[Hukum Hubble]]<br />[[Pergeseran merah]]<br />[[Urutan Hubble]]\n|prizes = [[Bruce Medal]] 1938\n|footnotes = \n}}\n\n'''Edwin Powell Hubble''' lahir di [[Missouri]], [[Amerika Serikat]], pada 29 [[November]] [[1889]].<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsamer04orggoog/proceedingsamer04orggoog_djvu.txt Slipher, Vesto M. (1917), \"Nebulae\"], ''Proceedings of The American Philosophical Society'', Vol. 56, p. 403. Retrieved 12 June 2010.</ref> Masa kecilnya dihabiskan di [[kota]] itu hingga umur 10 [[tahun]] ketika [[keluarga]]nya berpindah ke [[Chicago]], tempat dia menamatkan [[pendidikan]]ya hingga jenjang sekolah menengah.<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>\n\nMinatnya pada [[dunia]] [[sains]] dan [[misteri]] pembentukan [[alam semesta]] terlihat dari hobi mem[[baca]] [[buku]]-buku karangan [[Julius Verne]], misalnya 20.000 ''[[Leagues Under the Sea]]'' dan ''[[From the Earth to the Moon]]'', juga ''[[King Solomon’s Mines]]'' karya [[Henry Rider Haggard]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Meskipun demikian, pada [[masa]] mudanya dia lebih dikenal sebagai [[atlet]] daripada kegeniusannya.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Tujuh kali dia menjadi [[juara]] dan sekali saja menduduki peringkat ketiga dalam sebuah [[kompetisi]] tingkat [[sekolah]] 1906. Pada tahun yang sama [[rekor]] [[lompat]] [[tinggi]] di [[Illnois]] berhasil dipecahkannya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm |title=Who Was Edwin Hubble? |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2010-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618031025/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\nKetika [[kuliah]] Hubble melanjutkan minatnya pada [[olahraga]] dengan berlatih [[basket]] dan [[tinju]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makara.us/04mdr/01writing/03tg/bios/Hubble.htm |title=Edwin Hubble |publisher=Makara |accessdate=12 June 2010}}</ref> Meskipun demikian, bukan berarti kuliahnya terabaikan dia lulus tepat waktu menjadi [[sarjana]] dalam bidang [[matematika]] dan [[astronomi]] di [[Universitas Chicago]] pada [[1910]].<ref>[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/sandage_hubble.html Sandage, Allan (1989), \"Edwin Hubble 1889-1953\"], ''The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada'', Vol. 83, No.6. Retrieved 12 June 2010.</ref> Kemudian, dia memilih melanjutkan [[kuliah]] [[hukum]] di [[Universitas Oxford]], [[Inggris]] setelah memperoleh [[beasiswa]] [[Rhodes]]. Saat itu dia tidak berpikir untuk berkarier dalam bidang [[sains]]. Waktu [[tiga]] [[tahun]] dihabiskannya hingga memperoleh [[gelar]] ''[[Master of Arts]]''.<ref>[http://astroprofspage.com/archives/450 Astroprof's article on Hubble]</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html Time 100 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421001912/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html |date=2009-04-21 }}\n* [http://www.astro.louisville.edu/education/hubble_in_louisville/nahs/ Astronomy at the University of Louisville] - Photographs of Edwin Hubble at [[New Albany High School (Indiana)|New Albany High School]].\n* [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/sandage_hubble.html Edwin Hubble bio] - Written by [[Allan Sandage]]\n* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Hubble}}\n* [http://www.aps.org/publications/capitolhillquarterly/200802/physicshistory.cfm American Physical Society's Hubble Bio]\n* [http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name.html Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531034703/http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name.html |date=2009-05-31 }}\n* [http://astroprofspage.com/archives/450 Astroprof's article on Hubble]\n* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/26802/hubble-the-man-and-his-telescope Hubble: The Man and His Telescope]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''\n\n{{Commonscat|Edwin Hubble}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1889]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1953]]\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Amerika Serikat}}","hash":"7b2b9263ed5f7fe47eb65d6cf8403e5b3fcd48406bb70e1b6acc28a2f3284ef6","last_revision":"2023-07-11T08:52:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:27:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.676625","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Edwin Hubble","ar":"إدوين هابل","arz":"ادوين هابل","as":"এডৱিন হাবল","ast":"Edwin Hubble","az":"Edvin Habbl","azb":"ادوین هابل","be":"Эдвін Паўэл Хабл","be-x-old":"Эдўін Габл","bg":"Едуин Хъбъл","bn":"এডউইন হাবল","bs":"Edwin Hubble","ca":"Edwin Hubble","cs":"Edwin Hubble","cy":"Edwin Powell Hubble","da":"Edwin Hubble","de":"Edwin Hubble","el":"Έντγουιν Χαμπλ","en":"Edwin Hubble","eo":"Edwin Hubble","es":"Edwin Hubble","et":"Edwin Hubble","eu":"Edwin Hubble","fa":"ادوین هابل","fi":"Edwin Hubble","fr":"Edwin Hubble","fy":"Edwin Hubble","ga":"Edwin Hubble","gl":"Edwin Hubble","he":"אדווין האבל","hi":"ऍडविन हबल","hr":"Edwin Hubble","hu":"Edwin Hubble","hy":"Էդվին Հաբլ","io":"Edwin Hubble","is":"Edwin Hubble","it":"Edwin Hubble","ja":"エドウィン・ハッブル","ka":"ედუინ ჰაბლი","kk":"Эдвин Хаббл","ko":"에드윈 허블","ku":"Edwin Hubble","kw":"Edwin Hubble","ky":"Эдвин Хаббл","la":"Edwinus Hubble","lb":"Edwin Hubble","lij":"Edwin Powell Hubble","lt":"Edwin Hubble","lv":"Edvīns Habls","mg":"Edwin Hubble","mk":"Едвин Хабл","ml":"എഡ്വിൻ ഹബിൾ","mr":"एडविन हबल","ms":"Edwin Hubble","mt":"Edwin Hubble","my":"အက်ဒွင် ဟပ်ဘယ်","nl":"Edwin Hubble","nn":"Edwin Hubble","nb":"Edwin Hubble","nov":"Edwin Hubble","oc":"Edwin Hubble","pa":"ਐਡਵਿਨ ਹਬਲ","pam":"Edwin Hubble","pl":"Edwin Hubble","pms":"Edwin Hubble","pnb":"ایڈون ہبل","ps":"اډون هبل","pt":"Edwin Powell Hubble","ro":"Edwin Hubble","roa-rup":"Edwin Hubble","ru":"Хаббл, Эдвин","scn":"Edwin Hubble","sh":"Edwin Hubble","simple":"Edwin Hubble","sk":"Edwin Hubble","sl":"Edwin Powell Hubble","sq":"Edwin Hubble","sr":"Едвин Хабл","su":"Edwin Hubble","sv":"Edwin Hubble","sw":"Edwin Hubble","ta":"எட்வின் ஹபிள்","tg":"Эдвин Ҳаббл","th":"เอ็ดวิน ฮับเบิล","tl":"Edwin Hubble","tr":"Edwin Hubble","uk":"Едвін Габбл","ur":"ایڈون ہبل","uz":"Edwin Hubble","vi":"Edwin Hubble","vls":"Edwin Hubble","war":"Edwin Hubble","wuu":"哈勃","xmf":"ედუინ ჰაბლი","yo":"Edwin Hubble","zh":"愛德文·哈勃","zh-yue":"哈勃"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Edwin Powell Hubble lahir di Missouri, Amerika Serikat, pada 29 November 1889. Masa kecilnya dihabiskan di kota itu hingga umur 10 tahun ketika keluarganya berpindah ke Chicago, tempat dia menamatkan pendidikanya hingga jenjang sekolah menengah.\n\nMinatnya pada dunia sains dan misteri pembentukan alam semesta terlihat dari hobi membaca buku-buku karangan Julius Verne, misalnya 20.000 Leagues Under the Sea dan From the Earth to the Moon, juga King Solomon's Mines karya Henry Rider Haggard. Meskipun demikian, pada masa mudanya dia lebih dikenal sebagai atlet daripada kegeniusannya. Tujuh kali dia menjadi juara dan sekali saja menduduki peringkat ketiga dalam sebuah kompetisi tingkat sekolah 1906. Pada tahun yang sama rekor lompat tinggi di Illnois berhasil dipecahkannya.\n\nKetika kuliah Hubble melanjutkan minatnya pada olahraga dengan berlatih basket dan tinju. Meskipun demikian, bukan berarti kuliahnya terabaikan dia lulus tepat waktu menjadi sarjana dalam bidang matematika dan astronomi di Universitas Chicago pada 1910. Kemudian, dia memilih melanjutkan kuliah hukum di Universitas Oxford, Inggris setelah memperoleh beasiswa Rhodes. Saat itu dia tidak berpikir untuk berkarier dalam bidang sains. Waktu tiga tahun dihabiskannya hingga memperoleh gelar Master of Arts.\n\nTime 100 Profile Astronomy at the University of Louisville - Photographs of Edwin Hubble at New Albany High School. Edwin Hubble bio - Written by Allan Sandage\n\nAmerican Physical Society's Hubble Bio Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Astroprof's article on Hubble Hubble: The Man and His Telescope - slideshow by Life magazine\n\nKategori:Kelahiran 1889 Kategori:Kematian 1953\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Scientist\n|name = Edwin Powell Hubble\n|image =Studio portrait photograph of Edwin Powell Hubble (cropped).JPG\n|birth_date = {{birth date|1889|11|29|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Marshfield, Missouri]], [[Amerika Serikat|A.S.]]\n|residence = [[Amerika Serikat|A.S.]]\n|nationality = [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]]\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1953|9|28|1889|11|20|mf=y}}\n|death_place = [[San Marino, California|San Marino]], [[California]]\n|field = [[Astronomi]]\n|work_institutions = [[University of Chicago]]<br />[[Mount Wilson Observatory]]\n|alma_mater = [[University of Chicago]]<br />[[University of Oxford]]\n|influenced = [[Allan Sandage]]\n|known_for  = [[Dentuman Besar]]<br />[[Hukum Hubble]]<br />[[Pergeseran merah]]<br />[[Urutan Hubble]]\n|prizes = [[Bruce Medal]] 1938\n|footnotes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Edwin Powell Hubble lahir di Missouri, Amerika Serikat, pada 29 November 1889.","translated_text":"Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Missouri, United States, on November 29, 1889.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsamer04orggoog/proceedingsamer04orggoog_djvu.txt Slipher, Vesto M. (1917), \"Nebulae\"], ''Proceedings of The American Philosophical Society'', Vol. 56, p. 403. Retrieved 12 June 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsamer04orggoog/proceedingsamer04orggoog_djvu.txt","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.826729-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa kecilnya dihabiskan di kota itu hingga umur 10 tahun ketika keluarganya berpindah ke Chicago, tempat dia menamatkan pendidikanya hingga jenjang sekolah menengah.","translated_text":"His childhood was spent in the city until the age of 10 when his family moved to Chicago, where he completed his high school education.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":166,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Minatnya pada dunia sains dan misteri pembentukan alam semesta terlihat dari hobi membaca buku-buku karangan Julius Verne, misalnya 20.000 Leagues Under the Sea dan From the Earth to the Moon, juga King Solomon's Mines karya Henry Rider Haggard.","translated_text":"His interest in the world of science and the mysteries of the formation of the universe is reflected in his hobby of reading the works of Julius Verne, such as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and From the Earth to the Moon, as well as Henry Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. 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Retrieved 12 June 2010.</ref>","char_index":163,"name":null,"url":"http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/sandage_hubble.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:15.181288-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian, dia memilih melanjutkan kuliah hukum di Universitas Oxford, Inggris setelah memperoleh beasiswa Rhodes.","translated_text":"Later, he chose to attend law school at Oxford University, England after earning a Rhodes Scholarship.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat itu dia tidak berpikir untuk berkarier dalam bidang sains.","translated_text":"At the time, he wasn't thinking about pursuing a career in science.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Waktu tiga tahun dihabiskannya hingga memperoleh gelar Master of Arts.","translated_text":"It took him three years to earn his Master of Arts.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://astroprofspage.com/archives/450 Astroprof's article on Hubble]</ref>","char_index":70,"name":null,"url":"http://astroprofspage.com/archives/450","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4737,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:25.291715-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Time 100 Profile Astronomy at the University of Louisville - Photographs of Edwin Hubble at New Albany High School.","translated_text":"Time 100 Profile Astronomy at the University of Louisville - Photographs of Edwin Hubble at the New Albany High School.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421001912/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html |date=2009-04-21 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090421001912/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:26.025921-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edwin Hubble bio - Written by Allan Sandage","translated_text":"Edwin Hubble bio - written by Allan Sandage","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"American Physical Society's Hubble Bio Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Astroprof's article on Hubble Hubble: The Man and His Telescope - slideshow by Life magazine","translated_text":"American Physical Society's Hubble Bio Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Astroprof's article on Hubble: The Man and His Telescope - slideshow by Life magazine","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531034703/http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name.html |date=2009-05-31 }}","char_index":95,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090531034703/http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:36.040654-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kelahiran 1889 Kategori:Kematian 1953","translated_text":"Category:Born in 1889 Category:died in 1953","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Edwin Powell Hubble lahir di Missouri, Amerika Serikat, pada 29 November 1889.","translated_text":"Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Missouri, United States, on November 29, 1889.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsamer04orggoog/proceedingsamer04orggoog_djvu.txt Slipher, Vesto M. (1917), \"Nebulae\"], ''Proceedings of The American Philosophical Society'', Vol. 56, p. 403. Retrieved 12 June 2010.</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsamer04orggoog/proceedingsamer04orggoog_djvu.txt","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:57.826729-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Edwin Powell Hubble lahir di Missouri, Amerika Serikat, pada 29 November 1889. Masa kecilnya dihabiskan di kota itu hingga umur 10 tahun ketika keluarganya berpindah ke Chicago, tempat dia menamatkan pendidikanya hingga jenjang sekolah menengah.","translated_text":"Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Missouri, United States, on November 29, 1889. His childhood was spent in the city until the age of 10 when his family moved to Chicago, where he completed his high school education.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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Meskipun demikian, pada masa mudanya dia lebih dikenal sebagai atlet daripada kegeniusannya.","translated_text":"His interest in the world of science and the mysteries of the formation of the universe is reflected in his hobby of reading the works of Julius Verne, such as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and From the Earth to the Moon, as well as Henry Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines. Nevertheless, in his youth he was better known as an athlete than a genius.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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That same year he broke the record for the high jump at Illnois.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm |title=Who Was Edwin Hubble? |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2010-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618031025/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":285,"name":null,"url":"http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":61626,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:04.291269-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09698486328125},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm |title=Who Was Edwin Hubble? |access-date=2010-06-13 |archive-date=2010-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618031025/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":285,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100618031025/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/hubble.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:04.940950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika kuliah Hubble melanjutkan minatnya pada olahraga dengan berlatih basket dan tinju.","translated_text":"While in college Hubble continued his interest in sports by practicing basketball and boxing.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.makara.us/04mdr/01writing/03tg/bios/Hubble.htm |title=Edwin Hubble |publisher=Makara |accessdate=12 June 2010}}</ref>","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"http://www.makara.us/04mdr/01writing/03tg/bios/Hubble.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:05.012221-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika kuliah Hubble melanjutkan minatnya pada olahraga dengan berlatih basket dan tinju. Meskipun demikian, bukan berarti kuliahnya terabaikan dia lulus tepat waktu menjadi sarjana dalam bidang matematika dan astronomi di Universitas Chicago pada 1910.","translated_text":"While in college Hubble continued his interest in sports by practicing basketball and boxing. Nevertheless, it did not mean that his college education was neglected; he graduated on time to become a bachelor's degree in mathematics and astronomy at the University of Chicago in 1910.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/sandage_hubble.html Sandage, Allan (1989), \"Edwin Hubble 1889-1953\"], ''The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada'', Vol. 83, No.6. Retrieved 12 June 2010.</ref>","char_index":253,"name":null,"url":"http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/sandage_hubble.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:15.181288-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemudian, dia memilih melanjutkan kuliah hukum di Universitas Oxford, Inggris setelah memperoleh beasiswa Rhodes. Saat itu dia tidak berpikir untuk berkarier dalam bidang sains. Waktu tiga tahun dihabiskannya hingga memperoleh gelar Master of Arts.","translated_text":"Later, he chose to attend law school at Oxford University, England after earning a Rhodes Scholarship. At the time, he wasn't thinking about pursuing a career in science. It took him three years to earn his Master of Arts.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://astroprofspage.com/archives/450 Astroprof's article on Hubble]</ref>","char_index":248,"name":null,"url":"http://astroprofspage.com/archives/450","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4737,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:25.291715-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Time 100 Profile Astronomy at the University of Louisville - Photographs of Edwin Hubble at New Albany High School.","translated_text":"Time 100 Profile Astronomy at the University of Louisville - Photographs of Edwin Hubble at the New Albany High School.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421001912/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html |date=2009-04-21 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090421001912/http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:26.025921-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"American Physical Society's Hubble Bio Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Astroprof's article on Hubble Hubble: The Man and His Telescope - slideshow by Life magazine","translated_text":"American Physical Society's Hubble Bio Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Astroprof's article on Hubble: The Man and His Telescope - slideshow by Life magazine","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531034703/http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name.html |date=2009-05-31 }}","char_index":95,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090531034703/http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:36.040654-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Golok Setan","wikicode":"{{Infobox Film\n|movie_name     = Golok Setan\n|image          = Devil's Sword atau Golok Setan.jpg\n|image_size     = \n|caption        = <small>Sampul rilis [[DVD]] [[Britania Raya]] dari ''[[Mondo Macabro]]''</small>\n|director       = [[Ratno Timoer]]\n|producer       = \n|eproducer      = \n|aproducer      = \n|writer         = [[Imam Tantowi]]\n|starring       = [[Barry Prima]]<br />[[Gudi Sintara]]<br /> [[Kusno Sudjarwadi ]]<br />[[Advent Bangun]]<br />[[Enny Christina]]<br />[[Rita Zahara]]\n|music          = \n|cinematography = \n|editing        = \n|distributor    = [[Rapi Films]] (Indonesia)<br />''[[Mondo Macabro]]''<small> ([[DVD]])</small>\n|release_date   = [[1984 dalam film|1984]] <small>(Indonesia)</small><br />[[31 Agustus]] [[1985]] <small>([[Filipina]])</small>\n|runtime        = 90 menit\n|country        = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n|awards         = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n|budget         = \n|gross          = \t\n|preceded_by    = \n|followed_by    = ''[[Mandala Dari Sungai Ular (film)|Mandala Dari Sungai Ular]]'' (1987)\n|website        = \n|amg_id         = \n|imdb_id        = 0087142\n}}\n'''''Golok Setan''''' (Internasional: '''''The Devil's Sword''''') adalah sebuah [[film aksi laga]] [[film fantasi|fantasi]] [[film dewasa|dewasa]] tahun [[1983 dalam film|1983]] dari [[Indonesia]] yang disutradarai oleh [[Ratno Timoer]]. Cerita dalam film ini dibuat secara lepas berdasarkan edisi pertama dari serial komik ''[[Mandala (komik)|Mandala]]'' yang ditulis oleh [[MAN (komikus)|MAN]] dengan judul yang sama. Film ini dibintangi oleh dua aktor laga kawakan kala itu, yaitu [[Barry Prima]] yang sangat terkenal setelah perannya dalam ''[[Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk]]'' (1982), bersama dengan [[Advent Bangun]] yang kerap memainkan tokoh [[antagonis]] dalam film laga.\n\n''Golok Setan'' menjadi terkenal dan mendapat status kultus karena merupakan perpaduan antara banyak ragam film. Elemen film aksi dan film laga sangat sarat dalam film ini, dengan dibalut elemen [[fantasi]], [[film horor|horor]], [[film petualangan|petualangan]], bahkan elemen [[erotis]] dan [[seksual]]. Film ini juga dirilis di berbagai negara lain, dirilis dalam berbagai format seperti [[VHS]] dan kemudian [[DVD]] di berbagai negara seperti [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Eropa]]. Versi barunya yang telah mengalami perbaikan kualitas namun hanya dalam percakapan [[bahasa Inggris]] diterbitkan oleh penerbit film kultus ''[[Mondo Macabro]]'' dari [[Britania Raya]] pada tahun 2008. Versi ini disertai dengan fitur bonus berupa [[wawancara]] dengan para tokoh di balik layar, seperti [[Imam Tantowi]] dan [[El Badrun]].\n\n== Sinopsis ==\n''Golok Setan'' bercerita tentang petualangan dan persaingan pendekar-pendekar sakti dalam mencari sebuah [[pedang]] sakti kuno yang ditempa dari bahan logam misterius yang jatuh ke bumi dalam bentuk [[meteorit]]. Seorang lelaki tua yang menemukan meteorit itu menciptakan \"Golok Setan\", dan ia menyembunyikannya setelah kekuatan golok itu membakar pondoknya. Siapa pun yang menghunus pedang itu di tangan, orang itu akan memegang kekuasaan terbesar yang bisa dibayangkan dalam genggaman tangannya. Banyu Jaga ([[Advent Bangun]]), seorang pendekar bayaran yang sakti namun keji, dikirim oleh Ratu Buaya, seorang ratu siluman yang haus [[seks]] dan [[kekuasaan]], untuk mencuri tunangan dari seorang putri desa setempat untuk dijadikan sebagai budak pribadi. Saat dia membantai orang-orang di desa tersebut, Mandala ([[Barry Prima]]), mantan rekan seperguruan Banyu Jaga, melihat kekejian Banyu Jaga dan memutuskan untuk membantu mempertahankan desa tersebut dan membantu putri desa untuk mendapatkan suaminya kembali dari Ratu Buaya Putih. Dalam petualangannya, Mandala akhirnya mendapatkan \"Golok Setan\" yang telah diperebutkan banyak pendekar sakti dengan saling bunuh. Dengan pedang tersebut dia harus bertarung untuk mengalahkan Ratu Buaya dan Banyu Jaga.\n\n== Pemeran ==\n* [[Barry Prima]] sebagai Mandala\n* [[Advent Bangun]] sebagai Banyu Jaga\n* [[Kusno Sudjarwadi]]\n\n== Catatan produksi ==\nPenataan [[efek khusus]] dalam film ini dikerjakan oleh ahli efek khusus kawakan [[El Badrun]] yang juga sering menunjukkan kekreatifannya dalam film-film [[Imam Tantowi]] dan [[Ratno Timoer]] yang lain. dari [[Britania Raya]] pada tahun 2008. Dalam fitur bonus [[wawancara]] dalam rilis [[DVD]] versi ''[[Mondo Macabro]]'', [[Imam Tantowi]] bercerita bahwa tema cerita tentang pedang sakti yang ditempa dari batu [[meteorit]] dalam film ini ditulis berdasarkan [[legenda]] [[keris]] pusaka raja-raja [[suku Jawa|Jawa]] yang dibuat dari batu yang jatuh dari luar angkasa dan dianggap sakti.\n\n== Versi luar negeri ==\n''Golok Setan'' dirilis di negara lain dengan judul-judul lain, seperti:\n* \"''The Devil's Sword''\", judul rilis [[internasional]] dan juga di [[Filipina]].\n* \"''Koral le justicier''\" atau \"''Le justicier contre la reine des crocodiles ''\" di [[Prancis]]\n* \"''To spathi tou diavolou''\" di [[Yunani]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://begawanbuku.com/node/107 Komik \"''Golok Setan''\" dari serial \"''Mandala Dari Sungai Ular''\"]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* {{imdb title | id=0087142 | title=The Devil's Sword}}\n* {{en}}[http://www.internalbleeding.net/2008/06/the-devils-sword/ Internal Bleeding] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827170522/http://www.internalbleeding.net/2008/06/the-devils-sword |date=2008-08-27 }}\n* [http://www.indonesianfilmcenter.com/pages/filminfo/movie.php?uid=bb93e4bcbaa0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808095947/http://www.indonesianfilmcenter.com/pages/filminfo/movie.php?uid=bb93e4bcbaa0 |date=2016-08-08 }}\n* [http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-g010-83-272178_golok-setan#.V2m4ohIexWU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129161122/http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-g010-83-272178_golok-setan#.V2m4ohIexWU |date=2023-01-29 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1983]]\n[[Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film laga]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film petualangan]]\n[[Kategori:Film fantasi]]\n[[Kategori:Film dewasa]]\n[[Kategori:Film Rapi]]","hash":"b2b2a34f1bbc56f62315d1383157287d0cafb364b11512d122f38f0f8a054346","last_revision":"2023-08-07T08:53:20Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:29:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.737658","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Golok Setan","cy":"Golok Setan","en":"The Devil's Sword","uk":"Меч Диявола"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Golok Setan (Internasional: The Devil's Sword) adalah sebuah film aksi laga fantasi dewasa tahun 1983 dari Indonesia yang disutradarai oleh Ratno Timoer. Cerita dalam film ini dibuat secara lepas berdasarkan edisi pertama dari serial komik Mandala yang ditulis oleh MAN dengan judul yang sama. Film ini dibintangi oleh dua aktor laga kawakan kala itu, yaitu Barry Prima yang sangat terkenal setelah perannya dalam Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk (1982), bersama dengan Advent Bangun yang kerap memainkan tokoh antagonis dalam film laga.\n\nGolok Setan menjadi terkenal dan mendapat status kultus karena merupakan perpaduan antara banyak ragam film. Elemen film aksi dan film laga sangat sarat dalam film ini, dengan dibalut elemen fantasi, horor, petualangan, bahkan elemen erotis dan seksual. Film ini juga dirilis di berbagai negara lain, dirilis dalam berbagai format seperti VHS dan kemudian DVD di berbagai negara seperti Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. Versi barunya yang telah mengalami perbaikan kualitas namun hanya dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris diterbitkan oleh penerbit film kultus Mondo Macabro dari Britania Raya pada tahun 2008. Versi ini disertai dengan fitur bonus berupa wawancara dengan para tokoh di balik layar, seperti Imam Tantowi dan El Badrun.\n\nGolok Setan bercerita tentang petualangan dan persaingan pendekar-pendekar sakti dalam mencari sebuah pedang sakti kuno yang ditempa dari bahan logam misterius yang jatuh ke bumi dalam bentuk meteorit. Seorang lelaki tua yang menemukan meteorit itu menciptakan \"Golok Setan\", dan ia menyembunyikannya setelah kekuatan golok itu membakar pondoknya. Siapa pun yang menghunus pedang itu di tangan, orang itu akan memegang kekuasaan terbesar yang bisa dibayangkan dalam genggaman tangannya. Banyu Jaga (Advent Bangun), seorang pendekar bayaran yang sakti namun keji, dikirim oleh Ratu Buaya, seorang ratu siluman yang haus seks dan kekuasaan, untuk mencuri tunangan dari seorang putri desa setempat untuk dijadikan sebagai budak pribadi. Saat dia membantai orang-orang di desa tersebut, Mandala (Barry Prima), mantan rekan seperguruan Banyu Jaga, melihat kekejian Banyu Jaga dan memutuskan untuk membantu mempertahankan desa tersebut dan membantu putri desa untuk mendapatkan suaminya kembali dari Ratu Buaya Putih. Dalam petualangannya, Mandala akhirnya mendapatkan \"Golok Setan\" yang telah diperebutkan banyak pendekar sakti dengan saling bunuh. Dengan pedang tersebut dia harus bertarung untuk mengalahkan Ratu Buaya dan Banyu Jaga.\n\nBarry Prima sebagai Mandala Advent Bangun sebagai Banyu Jaga Kusno Sudjarwadi\n\nPenataan efek khusus dalam film ini dikerjakan oleh ahli efek khusus kawakan El Badrun yang juga sering menunjukkan kekreatifannya dalam film-film Imam Tantowi dan Ratno Timoer yang lain. dari Britania Raya pada tahun 2008. Dalam fitur bonus wawancara dalam rilis DVD versi Mondo Macabro, Imam Tantowi bercerita bahwa tema cerita tentang pedang sakti yang ditempa dari batu meteorit dalam film ini ditulis berdasarkan legenda keris pusaka raja-raja Jawa yang dibuat dari batu yang jatuh dari luar angkasa dan dianggap sakti.\n\nGolok Setan dirilis di negara lain dengan judul-judul lain, seperti: \"The Devil's Sword\", judul rilis internasional dan juga di Filipina. \"Koral le justicier\" atau \"Le justicier contre la reine des crocodiles \" di Prancis \"To spathi tou diavolou\" di Yunani\n\nKomik \"Golok Setan\" dari serial \"Mandala Dari Sungai Ular\"\n\nInternal Bleeding\n\nKategori:Film Indonesia tahun 1983 Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia Kategori:Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film petualangan Kategori:Film fantasi Kategori:Film dewasa Kategori:Film Rapi\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Film\n|movie_name     = Golok Setan\n|image          = Devil's Sword atau Golok Setan.jpg\n|image_size     = \n|caption        = <small>Sampul rilis [[DVD]] [[Britania Raya]] dari ''[[Mondo Macabro]]''</small>\n|director       = [[Ratno Timoer]]\n|producer       = \n|eproducer      = \n|aproducer      = \n|writer         = [[Imam Tantowi]]\n|starring       = [[Barry Prima]]<br />[[Gudi Sintara]]<br /> [[Kusno Sudjarwadi ]]<br />[[Advent Bangun]]<br />[[Enny Christina]]<br />[[Rita Zahara]]\n|music          = \n|cinematography = \n|editing        = \n|distributor    = [[Rapi Films]] (Indonesia)<br />''[[Mondo Macabro]]''<small> ([[DVD]])</small>\n|release_date   = [[1984 dalam film|1984]] <small>(Indonesia)</small><br />[[31 Agustus]] [[1985]] <small>([[Filipina]])</small>\n|runtime        = 90 menit\n|country        = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n|awards         = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n|budget         = \n|gross          = \t\n|preceded_by    = \n|followed_by    = ''[[Mandala Dari Sungai Ular (film)|Mandala Dari Sungai Ular]]'' (1987)\n|website        = \n|amg_id         = \n|imdb_id        = 0087142\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Golok Setan (Internasional: The Devil's Sword) adalah sebuah film aksi laga fantasi dewasa tahun 1983 dari Indonesia yang disutradarai oleh Ratno Timoer.","translated_text":"Golok Setan (International: The Devil's Sword) is a 1983 Indonesian adult fantasy action film directed by Ratno Timoer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cerita dalam film ini dibuat secara lepas berdasarkan edisi pertama dari serial komik Mandala yang ditulis oleh MAN dengan judul yang sama.","translated_text":"The story in the film is loosely based on the first edition of MAN's Mandala comic book series of the same title.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Film ini dibintangi oleh dua aktor laga kawakan kala itu, yaitu Barry Prima yang sangat terkenal setelah perannya dalam Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk (1982), bersama dengan Advent Bangun yang kerap memainkan tokoh antagonis dalam film laga.","translated_text":"The film stars two leading actors at the time, Barry Prima, who is best known for his role in Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk (1982), along with Advent Bangun who frequently plays the antagonist in the film.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Golok Setan menjadi terkenal dan mendapat status kultus karena merupakan perpaduan antara banyak ragam film.","translated_text":"The Devils became famous and gained cult status as a fusion of many film genres.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Elemen film aksi dan film laga sangat sarat dalam film ini, dengan dibalut elemen fantasi, horor, petualangan, bahkan elemen erotis dan seksual.","translated_text":"Elements of action and action movies are very abundant in this film, with elements of fantasy, horror, adventure, even erotic and sexual elements wrapped around it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Film ini juga dirilis di berbagai negara lain, dirilis dalam berbagai format seperti VHS dan kemudian DVD di berbagai negara seperti Amerika Serikat dan Eropa.","translated_text":"The film was also released in various other countries, released in various formats such as VHS and then DVD in various countries such as the United States and Europe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Versi barunya yang telah mengalami perbaikan kualitas namun hanya dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris diterbitkan oleh penerbit film kultus Mondo Macabro dari Britania Raya pada tahun 2008.","translated_text":"A new version that has undergone improvements in quality but only in English dialogue was published by the cult film publisher Mondo Macabro of the United Kingdom in 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Versi ini disertai dengan fitur bonus berupa wawancara dengan para tokoh di balik layar, seperti Imam Tantowi dan El Badrun.","translated_text":"This version is accompanied by a bonus feature of interviews with behind-the-scenes figures, such as Imam Tantowi and El Badrun.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Golok Setan bercerita tentang petualangan dan persaingan pendekar-pendekar sakti dalam mencari sebuah pedang sakti kuno yang ditempa dari bahan logam misterius yang jatuh ke bumi dalam bentuk meteorit.","translated_text":"The Demon Gang tells the story of the adventures and rivalry of the warriors in search of an ancient sacred sword made of mysterious metallic material that falls to earth in the form of a meteorite.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seorang lelaki tua yang menemukan meteorit itu menciptakan \"Golok Setan\", dan ia menyembunyikannya setelah kekuatan golok itu membakar pondoknya.","translated_text":"An old man who discovered the meteorite created the Devil's Bullet, and he hid it after the bullet's force burned his cottage.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siapa pun yang menghunus pedang itu di tangan, orang itu akan memegang kekuasaan terbesar yang bisa dibayangkan dalam genggaman tangannya.","translated_text":"Whoever holds the sword in his hand will hold the greatest power imaginable in his hand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Banyu Jaga (Advent Bangun), seorang pendekar bayaran yang sakti namun keji, dikirim oleh Ratu Buaya, seorang ratu siluman yang haus seks dan kekuasaan, untuk mencuri tunangan dari seorang putri desa setempat untuk dijadikan sebagai budak pribadi.","translated_text":"Banyu Jaga (Advent Bangun), a savage but hideous mercenary, is sent by the Queen of Crows, a mysterious queen thirsting for sex and power, to steal a fiancée from a local village princess to be used as a private slave.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat dia membantai orang-orang di desa tersebut, Mandala (Barry Prima), mantan rekan seperguruan Banyu Jaga, melihat kekejian Banyu Jaga dan memutuskan untuk membantu mempertahankan desa tersebut dan membantu putri desa untuk mendapatkan suaminya kembali dari Ratu Buaya Putih.","translated_text":"As he massacres the people of the village, Mandala (Barry Prima), a former Banyu Jaga classmate, sees the abominations of Banyu Jaga and decides to help defend the village and help the village princess to get her husband back from the White Crocodile Queen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam petualangannya, Mandala akhirnya mendapatkan \"Golok Setan\" yang telah diperebutkan banyak pendekar sakti dengan saling bunuh.","translated_text":"In her adventure, Mandala eventually gains a \"Satan's Claw\" that has been contested by many warriors by killing each other.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan pedang tersebut dia harus bertarung untuk mengalahkan Ratu Buaya dan Banyu Jaga.","translated_text":"With that sword he must fight to defeat the Queen of Crocodiles and the Watchdog.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemeran","translated_text":"Actors","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Barry Prima sebagai Mandala Advent Bangun sebagai Banyu Jaga Kusno Sudjarwadi","translated_text":"Barry Prima as Mandala Advent Waking up as Banyu Jaga Kusno Sudjarwadi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan produksi","translated_text":"Production records","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penataan efek khusus dalam film ini dikerjakan oleh ahli efek khusus kawakan El Badrun yang juga sering menunjukkan kekreatifannya dalam film-film Imam Tantowi dan Ratno Timoer yang lain.","translated_text":"The special effects arrangements in this film were done by the special effects expert El Badrun who also often showed his creativity in other films of Imam Tantowi and Ratno Timoer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"dari Britania Raya pada tahun 2008.","translated_text":"from the United Kingdom in 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam fitur bonus wawancara dalam rilis DVD versi Mondo Macabro, Imam Tantowi bercerita bahwa tema cerita tentang pedang sakti yang ditempa dari batu meteorit dalam film ini ditulis berdasarkan legenda keris pusaka raja-raja Jawa yang dibuat dari batu yang jatuh dari luar angkasa dan dianggap sakti.","translated_text":"In the bonus interview feature on the DVD release of Mondo Macabro, Imam Tantowi narrates that the theme of the story of the sacred sword forged from the meteorite rock in the film was written based on the legend of the Crown Jewels of the kings of Java made of rock that fell from space and is considered sacred.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Versi luar negeri","translated_text":"Foreign versions","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Golok Setan dirilis di negara lain dengan judul-judul lain, seperti: \"The Devil's Sword\", judul rilis internasional dan juga di Filipina.","translated_text":"The Devil's Gang was released in other countries under other titles, such as: \"The Devil's Sword\", an international release title and also in the Philippines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Koral le justicier\" atau \"Le justicier contre la reine des crocodiles \" di Prancis \"To spathi tou diavolou\" di Yunani","translated_text":"\"Coral le justicier\" or \"Le justicier contre la reine des crocodiles\" in French \"To spathi tou diavolou\" in Greek","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Komik \"Golok Setan\" dari serial \"Mandala Dari Sungai Ular\"","translated_text":"Comic \"Satan's Claw\" from the series \"Mandala from Snake River\"","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Internal Bleeding","translated_text":"Internal bleeding","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827170522/http://www.internalbleeding.net/2008/06/the-devils-sword |date=2008-08-27 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080827170522/http://www.internalbleeding.net/2008/06/the-devils-sword","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:39.190073-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808095947/http://www.indonesianfilmcenter.com/pages/filminfo/movie.php?uid=bb93e4bcbaa0 |date=2016-08-08 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films","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Internal Bleeding","translated_text":"Internal bleeding","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827170522/http://www.internalbleeding.net/2008/06/the-devils-sword |date=2008-08-27 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080827170522/http://www.internalbleeding.net/2008/06/the-devils-sword","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:39.190073-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808095947/http://www.indonesianfilmcenter.com/pages/filminfo/movie.php?uid=bb93e4bcbaa0 |date=2016-08-08 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+{"title":"Berkas:Devil's Sword atau Golok Setan.jpg","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description    = == Ringkasan ==\nSampul [[DVD]] ''The Devil's Sword'' (''[[Golok Setan]]'') [[film aksi laga]] [[film fantasi|fantasi]] [[film dewasa|dewasa]] tahun [[1984 dalam film|1984]] dari [[Indonesia]] yang disutradarai oleh [[Ratno Timoer]] dan diterbitkan oleh [[Rapi Films]]. DVD diterbitkan oleh ''[[Mondo Macabro]]''. Sumber berkas dari [http://www.avistaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/the-devils-sword.jpg sini].\n\n== Jenis lisensi ==\n{{SampulVideo}}\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|location       = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}","hash":"7d0739230bc7222467b43fdf71d2dfa78e215c229af05dbc7d554b05830436d0","last_revision":"2016-02-27T04:13:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:35:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.802607","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Golok setan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Golok Setan]]","hash":"286ea12452e78788ef67177a43f6bdbb712d60ae5716365b3dfbf135a2734e20","last_revision":"2010-06-13T15:47:46Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:47:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.859187","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Golok Setan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Golok Setan","translated_text":"Flee From Satan's Scourge","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Michael Johns","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Michael Johns of American Idol.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Michael Johns]]\n'''Michael Johns''' ({{lahirmati|[[Perth]], [[Australia]]|10|10|1978}}) adalah seorang [[penyanyi]] dan [[penulis lagu]] asal [[Australia]].<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Namun, namanya lebih dikenal luas oleh masyarakat [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu [[finalis]] dalam [[American idol musim ketujuh]].<ref name=\"Michael\"/> Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi tujuh besar.<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk mengejar kariernya di bidang [[musik]], khususnya dalam bidang [[tarik suara]].<ref name=\"Eliminasi\"/> Michael sempat merilis sebuah [[album]] komersial sesaat setelah dirinya keluar dari ajang tersebut.<ref name=\"Eliminasi\"/> Album yang berjudul ''Hold Back My Heart'' tersebut mengisahkan perjuangannya di ajang tersebut yang menuurut pendapat [[dewan juri]] ia sudah tidak mampu untuk melanjutkannya, tetapi ia tetap bersemangat dalam bernyanyi.<ref name=\"Johns\">[http://www.seleb.tv/news/michael-johns-curhat-rilis-album ''Michael Johns Curhat Rilis Album'']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Johns, Michael}}\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]\n[[Kategori:American idol]]\n\n\n{{penyanyi-stub}}","hash":"98895cdaf59b96c228e807e7cea9d229312ef8095e77813bacaa6433ce327fe7","last_revision":"2022-12-02T03:40:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:50:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.913949","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ميخائيل جونز (مغني)","bg":"Майкъл Джонс","en":"Michael Johns (singer)","es":"Michael Johns","ja":"マイケル・ジョーンズ (歌手)","pt":"Michael Johns","simple":"Michael Johns (singer)","sv":"Michael Johns","tr":"Michael Johns (şarkıcı)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Michael Johns () adalah seorang penyanyi dan penulis lagu asal Australia. Namun, namanya lebih dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Amerika setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh. Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi tujuh besar. Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk mengejar kariernya di bidang musik, khususnya dalam bidang tarik suara. Michael sempat merilis sebuah album komersial sesaat setelah dirinya keluar dari ajang tersebut. Album yang berjudul Hold Back My Heart tersebut mengisahkan perjuangannya di ajang tersebut yang menuurut pendapat dewan juri ia sudah tidak mampu untuk melanjutkannya, tetapi ia tetap bersemangat dalam bernyanyi.\n\nKategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Michael Johns () adalah seorang penyanyi dan penulis lagu asal Australia.","translated_text":"Michael Johns () is an Australian singer and songwriter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"Michael","url":"http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.344175-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"Michael","url":"http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.344175-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, namanya lebih dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Amerika setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh.","translated_text":"However, her name became more widely known by the American public after she managed to become one of the finalists in the seventh season of American idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":139,"name":"Michael","url":"http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.344175-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi tujuh besar.","translated_text":"She dropped out of American Idol in seventh place.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":55,"name":"Eliminasi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.576707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk mengejar kariernya di bidang musik, khususnya dalam bidang tarik suara.","translated_text":"After his retirement, he intended to pursue a career in music, especially in the field of voice acting.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":106,"name":"Eliminasi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.576707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Michael sempat merilis sebuah album komersial sesaat setelah dirinya keluar dari ajang tersebut.","translated_text":"Michael released a commercial album shortly after he left the show.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"Eliminasi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.576707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Album yang berjudul Hold Back My Heart tersebut mengisahkan perjuangannya di ajang tersebut yang menuurut pendapat dewan juri ia sudah tidak mampu untuk melanjutkannya, tetapi ia tetap bersemangat dalam bernyanyi.","translated_text":"The album, titled Hold Back My Heart, tells the story of his struggle at the event which, according to the jury, he could no longer afford to continue, but he remained enthusiastic in singing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Johns\">[http://www.seleb.tv/news/michael-johns-curhat-rilis-album ''Michael Johns Curhat Rilis Album'']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"Johns","url":"http://www.seleb.tv/news/michael-johns-curhat-rilis-album","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:50.263589-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol","translated_text":"Categories:Singer and singer Category:American idol","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Michael Johns () adalah seorang penyanyi dan penulis lagu asal Australia.","translated_text":"Michael Johns () is an Australian singer and songwriter.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"Michael","url":"http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.344175-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"Michael","url":"http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.344175-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Michael Johns () adalah seorang penyanyi dan penulis lagu asal Australia. Namun, namanya lebih dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Amerika setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh.","translated_text":"Michael Johns () is an Australian singer and songwriter. However, her name became more widely known by the American public after she managed to become one of the finalists in the seventh season of American idol.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Michael\">[http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm ''Michael Johns Profil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070847/http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm |date=2008-04-08 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"Michael","url":"http://www.serge.org/musicmorsels/2003_10/musicmorsels1003.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.344175-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Michael Johns () adalah seorang penyanyi dan penulis lagu asal Australia. Namun, namanya lebih dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Amerika setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh. Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi tujuh besar.","translated_text":"Michael Johns () is an Australian singer and songwriter. However, her name became more widely known by the American public after she managed to become one of the finalists in the seventh season of American idol. She dropped out of American Idol in seventh place.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":269,"name":"Eliminasi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.576707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]},{"text":"Namun, namanya lebih dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Amerika setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh. Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi tujuh besar. Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk mengejar kariernya di bidang musik, khususnya dalam bidang tarik suara.","translated_text":"However, her name became more widely known by the American public after she managed to become one of the finalists in the seventh season of American idol. She dropped out of American Idol in seventh place. After his retirement, he intended to pursue a career in music, especially in the field of voice acting.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":302,"name":"Eliminasi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.576707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]},{"text":"Ia tersisih dari American idol pada posisi tujuh besar. Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk mengejar kariernya di bidang musik, khususnya dalam bidang tarik suara. Michael sempat merilis sebuah album komersial sesaat setelah dirinya keluar dari ajang tersebut.","translated_text":"She dropped out of American Idol in seventh place. After his retirement, he intended to pursue a career in music, especially in the field of voice acting. Michael released a commercial album shortly after he left the show.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Eliminasi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did ''American idol Musim Tujuh: Wawancara Michael Johns Setelah Eliminasi'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"Eliminasi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.buddytv.com/articles/american-idol/american-idol-7-michael-johns-18502.aspx&ei=CPYUTP2UFdS-rAezq7mqCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbuddy%2Btv%2BMichael%2Bjohns%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":149921,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:49.576707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.2861328125}]},{"text":"Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk mengejar kariernya di bidang musik, khususnya dalam bidang tarik suara. Michael sempat merilis sebuah album komersial sesaat setelah dirinya keluar dari ajang tersebut. Album yang berjudul Hold Back My Heart tersebut mengisahkan perjuangannya di ajang tersebut yang menuurut pendapat dewan juri ia sudah tidak mampu untuk melanjutkannya, tetapi ia tetap bersemangat dalam bernyanyi.","translated_text":"After his retirement, he intended to pursue a career in music, especially in the field of voice acting. Michael released a commercial album shortly after he left the show. The album, titled Hold Back My Heart, tells the story of his struggle at the event which, according to the jury, he could no longer afford to continue, but he remained enthusiastic in singing.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Johns\">[http://www.seleb.tv/news/michael-johns-curhat-rilis-album ''Michael Johns Curhat Rilis Album'']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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+{"title":"Pembalasan Ratu Pantai Selatan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Pembalasan Ratu Laut Selatan]]","hash":"2f5121b61aaedaf73d9ab279bb84e1396ae206f809aa0ebe4331038ad2d1fc48","last_revision":"2010-06-13T15:50:59Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:50:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:47.968802","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Pembalasan Ratu Laut Selatan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Pembalasan Ratu Laut Selatan","translated_text":"Wrath of the Queen of the South Seas","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Film yang berdasarkan pada komik Indonesia","wikicode":"Film yang dibuat berdasarkan [[komik]] dari [[komik Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n{{Sinema Indonesia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Komik Indonesia]]","hash":"192a50974fa629f3aefc57a723eba3b9a868d89ef408764410aa9f245ea4475d","last_revision":"2022-02-08T12:17:46Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T15:56:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.036966","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Film yang dibuat berdasarkan komik dari Indonesia\n\nKategori:Komik Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Film yang dibuat berdasarkan komik dari Indonesia","translated_text":"Films based on Indonesian comics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Komik Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian comics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Halford Mackinder","wikicode":"{{Infobox Scientist\n|box_width         = 250px\n|name              = Halford Mackinder\n|image             =Halford Mackinder (1).jpg\n|image_size        = 200px\n|caption           = Halford John Mackinder\n|birth_date        = {{birth date|1861|2|15|df=yes}}\n|birth_place       = [[Gainsborough, Lincolnshire|Gainsborough]], Inggris\n|death_date        = {{death date and age|1947|3|6|1861|2|15|df=yes}}\n|death_place       = \n|nationality       = {{flag|United Kingdom}}\n|ethnicity         = \n|fields            = [[Geography]], [[Geopolitics]], [[Geostrategy]]\n|workplaces        = \n|alma_mater        = \n|doctoral_advisor  = \n|academic_advisors = \n|doctoral_students = \n|notable_students  = \n|known_for         = \n|influences        = \n|influenced        = \n|awards            = \n|religion          = \n|footnotes         = \n}}\n\n'''Halford John Mackinder''' (lahir pada tahun [[1861]]) adalah seorang berkebangsaan [[Inggris]] yang mempunyai keahlian dalam bidang [[geografi]], [[geopolitik]], dan [[geostrategi]].<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>\n\n== Biografi ==\nHalford dilahirkan di [[Gainsborough]], [[Lincolnshire]], Inggris.<ref name=\"mindef\"/> Ia adalah anak seorang [[dokter]], dan belajar di ''Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School'', ''Epsom College'' dan ''Christ Church''.<ref name=\"mindef\"/> Di ''Christ Church'', ia mulai mempelajari [[zoologi]] yang dididik oleh ''Henry Moseley Nottidge''.<ref name=\"mindef\"/> Ia mempelajari studi sejarah mengenai [[teori evolusi]].<ref name=\"mindef\"/>\n\n== Karier ==\nPada tahun [[1887]], Halford menerbitkan artikel ''On the Scope and Methods of Geography'', sebuah buku bertopik geografi.<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Beberapa bulan kemudian, ia diangkat sebagai [[presiden]] di [[Oxford]] University.<ref name=\"valpo\"/> Pada tahun [[1892]], ia menjadi presiden pertama di ''Universitas Extension College'' dan pada tahun berikutnya, ia mendirikan ''Geografis Association''.<ref name=\"valpo\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1861|1947|}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik]]\n\n\n{{Bio-stub}}","hash":"73f215c6f500f976d352cbb1bd1cbe313f322f5ce2873fc24e780e20036767cc","last_revision":"2023-08-13T10:08:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:03:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.099699","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"هالفورد ماكندر","arz":"هالفورد ماكندر","az":"Helford Makkinder","bg":"Халфорд Макиндер","bs":"Halford Mackinder","ca":"Halford John Mackinder","cs":"Halford Mackinder","da":"Halford Mackinder","de":"Halford Mackinder","el":"Χάλφορντ Μάκιντερ","en":"Halford Mackinder","eo":"Halford Mackinder","es":"Halford John Mackinder","et":"Halford John Mackinder","fa":"هالفورد مکیندر","fi":"Halford Mackinder","fr":"Halford John Mackinder","he":"הלפורד מקינדר","hi":"हेल्फोर्ड जॉन मैकिण्डर","hr":"Halford Mackinder","hy":"Հելֆորդ Մաքինդեր","it":"Halford Mackinder","ja":"ハルフォード・マッキンダー","jv":"Halford Mackinder","ka":"ჰელფორდ ჯონ მაკინდერი","kk":"Хэлфорд Джон Маккиндер","ko":"핼퍼드 매킨더","ms":"Halford John Mackinder","nl":"Halford John Mackinder","nb":"Halford Mackinder","pl":"Halford John Mackinder","pt":"Halford John Mackinder","ro":"Halford Mackinder","ru":"Маккиндер, Хэлфорд Джон","sk":"Halford Mackinder","sl":"Halford John Mackinder","sr":"Халфорд Макиндер","sv":"Halford Mackinder","tr":"Halford John Mackinder","uk":"Гелфорд Джон Маккіндер","zh":"哈尔福德·麦金德"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Halford John Mackinder (lahir pada tahun 1861) adalah seorang berkebangsaan Inggris yang mempunyai keahlian dalam bidang geografi, geopolitik, dan geostrategi.\n\nHalford dilahirkan di Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, Inggris. Ia adalah anak seorang dokter, dan belajar di Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College dan Christ Church. Di Christ Church, ia mulai mempelajari zoologi yang dididik oleh Henry Moseley Nottidge. Ia mempelajari studi sejarah mengenai teori evolusi.\n\nPada tahun 1887, Halford menerbitkan artikel On the Scope and Methods of Geography, sebuah buku bertopik geografi. Beberapa bulan kemudian, ia diangkat sebagai presiden di Oxford University. Pada tahun 1892, ia menjadi presiden pertama di Universitas Extension College dan pada tahun berikutnya, ia mendirikan Geografis Association.\n\nKategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Scientist\n|box_width         = 250px\n|name              = Halford Mackinder\n|image             =Halford Mackinder (1).jpg\n|image_size        = 200px\n|caption           = Halford John Mackinder\n|birth_date        = {{birth date|1861|2|15|df=yes}}\n|birth_place       = [[Gainsborough, Lincolnshire|Gainsborough]], Inggris\n|death_date        = {{death date and age|1947|3|6|1861|2|15|df=yes}}\n|death_place       = \n|nationality       = {{flag|United Kingdom}}\n|ethnicity         = \n|fields            = [[Geography]], [[Geopolitics]], [[Geostrategy]]\n|workplaces        = \n|alma_mater        = \n|doctoral_advisor  = \n|academic_advisors = \n|doctoral_students = \n|notable_students  = \n|known_for         = \n|influences        = \n|influenced        = \n|awards            = \n|religion          = \n|footnotes         = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Halford John Mackinder (lahir pada tahun 1861) adalah seorang berkebangsaan Inggris yang mempunyai keahlian dalam bidang geografi, geopolitik, dan geostrategi.","translated_text":"Halford John Mackinder (born 1861) was an Englishman who specialized in geography, geopolitics, and geostrategy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. 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Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biografi","translated_text":"His biography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Halford dilahirkan di Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, Inggris.","translated_text":"Halford was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":58,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah anak seorang dokter, dan belajar di Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College dan Christ Church.","translated_text":"He was the son of a doctor, and was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College and Christ Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":112,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Christ Church, ia mulai mempelajari zoologi yang dididik oleh Henry Moseley Nottidge.","translated_text":"At Christ Church, he began studying zoology taught by Henry Moseley Nottidge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. 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Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":88,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mempelajari studi sejarah mengenai teori evolusi.","translated_text":"He studied the historical study of the theory of evolution.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. 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Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":52,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1887, Halford menerbitkan artikel On the Scope and Methods of Geography, sebuah buku bertopik geografi.","translated_text":"In 1887, Halford published On the Scope and Methods of Geography, a book on the subject of geography.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa bulan kemudian, ia diangkat sebagai presiden di Oxford University.","translated_text":"A few months later, he was appointed president of Oxford University.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":75,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1892, ia menjadi presiden pertama di Universitas Extension College dan pada tahun berikutnya, ia mendirikan Geografis Association.","translated_text":"In 1892, he became the first president of Extension College University and the following year, he founded the Geographical Association.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":141,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tokoh yang perlu dikategorikan lebih spesifik","translated_text":"Category:Things that need to be categorized more specifically","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Halford John Mackinder (lahir pada tahun 1861) adalah seorang berkebangsaan Inggris yang mempunyai keahlian dalam bidang geografi, geopolitik, dan geostrategi.","translated_text":"Halford John Mackinder (born 1861) was an Englishman who specialized in geography, geopolitics, and geostrategy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Halford dilahirkan di Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, Inggris.","translated_text":"Halford was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":58,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Halford dilahirkan di Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, Inggris. Ia adalah anak seorang dokter, dan belajar di Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College dan Christ Church.","translated_text":"Halford was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England. He was the son of a doctor, and was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College and Christ Church.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":171,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Halford dilahirkan di Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, Inggris. Ia adalah anak seorang dokter, dan belajar di Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College dan Christ Church. Di Christ Church, ia mulai mempelajari zoologi yang dididik oleh Henry Moseley Nottidge.","translated_text":"Halford was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England. He was the son of a doctor, and was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College and Christ Church. At Christ Church, he began studying zoology taught by Henry Moseley Nottidge.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":260,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia adalah anak seorang dokter, dan belajar di Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College dan Christ Church. Di Christ Church, ia mulai mempelajari zoologi yang dididik oleh Henry Moseley Nottidge. Ia mempelajari studi sejarah mengenai teori evolusi.","translated_text":"He was the son of a doctor, and was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Epsom College and Christ Church. At Christ Church, he began studying zoology taught by Henry Moseley Nottidge. He studied the historical study of the theory of evolution.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mindef\">{{en}} [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm V24N3-World Conquest: The Heartland Theory of Halford J. Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528071052/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm |date=2023-05-28 }}, ''mindef''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":254,"name":"mindef","url":"http://www.mindef.gov.sg/safti/pointer/back/journals/1998/Vol24_3/8.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:56.286512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (99 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1887, Halford menerbitkan artikel On the Scope and Methods of Geography, sebuah buku bertopik geografi.","translated_text":"In 1887, Halford published On the Scope and Methods of Geography, a book on the subject of geography.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1887, Halford menerbitkan artikel On the Scope and Methods of Geography, sebuah buku bertopik geografi. Beberapa bulan kemudian, ia diangkat sebagai presiden di Oxford University.","translated_text":"In 1887, Halford published On the Scope and Methods of Geography, a book on the subject of geography. A few months later, he was appointed president of Oxford University.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1887, Halford menerbitkan artikel On the Scope and Methods of Geography, sebuah buku bertopik geografi. Beberapa bulan kemudian, ia diangkat sebagai presiden di Oxford University. Pada tahun 1892, ia menjadi presiden pertama di Universitas Extension College dan pada tahun berikutnya, ia mendirikan Geografis Association.","translated_text":"In 1887, Halford published On the Scope and Methods of Geography, a book on the subject of geography. A few months later, he was appointed president of Oxford University. In 1892, he became the first president of Extension College University and the following year, he founded the Geographical Association.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"valpo\">{{en}} [http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html Test Area: Halford Mackinder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200436/http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''valpo''. Diakses pada 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":332,"name":"valpo","url":"http://www.valpo.edu/geomet/histphil/test/mackinde.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:57.782669-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (79 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Reginald Fessenden","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n|name = ''Reginald Fessenden''\n|image = Fessenden.JPG \n|image_size = 200px\n|caption = ''The Father of Radio Broadcasting''\n|birth_date = {{Birth date|1866|10|6|mf=y}} \n|birth_place = [[East Bolton, Quebec|East Bolton]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]\n|nationality = Kanada\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1932|7|22|1866|10|6|mf=y}}\n|known_for   = Menemukan [[radiotelepon]]\n|death_place = [[Bermuda]] buried St. Mark's Church cemetery\n|occupation = [[Inventor]]  \n|salary = \n|networth = \n|spouse =\n|website =\n}}\n\n'''Reginald Aubrey Fessenden''' ({{lahirmati||6|10|1866||22|7|1932}}) adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak orang yang berjasa dalam perkembangan [[teknologi]] [[radio]].<ref>[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1907fes.htm Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony ''The American Telephone Journal'']</ref> Ia adalah salah satu [[penemu]] [[radio]], [[ahli]] [[fisika]], [[insinyur]], dan [[guru]] besar [[ilmu]] [[fisika]] berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat.<ref name=\"earlyradiohistory.us\">[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1940fes2.htm Helen Fessenden, \"Builder of Tomorrows\" (1940), p. 153 - 154].</ref> Ia telah berhasil membuat 500 [[penemuan]], diantaranya yaitu [[alternator]], [[detektor]], [[heterodin]], [[fathometer]], dan penggerak [[turbo listrik]] untuk [[kapal]] [[tempur]].<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>\n\n[[Alternator]] adalah alat untuk membangkitkan [[listrik]] dan menghasilkan [[arus]] [[bolak balik]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Dengan adanya [[alternator]] telah mendorong terciptanya [[radio]] [[telepon]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> [[Detektor]] adalah [[alat]] untuk mengubah arus bolak balik menjadi [[arus]] yang [[searah]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Sedangkan, [[Heterodin]] adalah alat untuk mengubah [[frekuensi]] [[radio]] sehingga [[frekuensi]] tersebut mudah diatur dan dapat diperkuat.<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\nFessenden melewatkan masa [[pendidikan]]nya di [[Trinity College]] di [[Port Hope]], [[Ontario]] dan di [[Bishop’s University]] di [[Lennoxville]], [[Quebec]].<ref name=\"earlyradiohistory.us\"/> Perjalanan kariernya dimulai dengan menjadi [[guru]] dan [[kepala sekolah]] di [[Whitney Institute]].<ref>[http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046 O'Neal, James E. \"Fessenden — The Next Chapter\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916012103/http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046 |date=2009-09-16 }} ''Radio World Online''. December 23, 2008, retrieved 12 June 2010</ref> Selama mengurusi [[sekolah]] tersebut, ia melakukan percobaan-percobaan di bidang [[listrik]] dan [[kimia]]. Kemudian ia pindah ke [[New York]], [[Amerika Serikat]] dan melamar pekerjaan di [[laboratorium]] [[Edison]] di [[Orange]], [[New York]]. Ia diterima sebagai kepala bagian di bidang [[kimia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.fessenden.ca Fessenden - 100 Years of Radio]\n* [http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html Belrose, John S., \"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century\"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228200010/http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html |date=2012-12-28 }} ''International Conference on 100 Years of Radio'' (September 5–7, 1995).\n* [http://www.earlyradiohistory.us/1907fes.htm Grant, John, \"Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony\"] ''The American Telephone Journal'', January 26, 1907\n* [http://www.radiocom.net/Seitz/ Seitz, Frederick, \"The Cosmic Inventor\"] ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society''. 1999.\n* [http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/fa_clark_index.aspx George H. Clark Radioana Collection, ca. 1880 - 1950] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123180159/http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/fa_clark_index.aspx |date=2005-11-23 }} - National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.\n* [http://www.radiocom.net/Fessenden/ Reginald Fessenden web page]\n* [http://193.63.162.100/machihan.html Radio Machrihanish, Scotland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927142414/http://193.63.162.100/machihan.html |date=2007-09-27 }}\n{{Commonscat|Reginald Fessenden}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penemu Amerika Serikat]]\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Kanada}}","hash":"237c3f39686aac11f4c36b16a649422be2c543456e3a5f9071c49e137ba9644f","last_revision":"2023-08-27T06:27:49Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:05:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.173738","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Reginald Fessenden","ar":"ريجنالد فيسيندين","bg":"Реджиналд Фесенден","ca":"Reginald Fessenden","cs":"Reginald Fessenden","de":"Reginald Fessenden","en":"Reginald Fessenden","es":"Reginald Fessenden","et":"Reginald Fessenden","fa":"رجینالد ابری فسندن","fi":"Reginald Fessenden","fr":"Reginald Fessenden","fy":"Reginald Fessenden","hi":"रेगिनाल्ड फेसेंडेन","it":"Reginald Fessenden","ja":"レジナルド・フェッセンデン","jv":"Reginald Fessenden","ko":"레지널드 페센든","mg":"Reginald Fessenden","nl":"Reginald Fessenden","nb":"Reginald Fessenden","pl":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden","pnb":"ریجنالڈ فسنڈن","pt":"Reginald Fessenden","ru":"Фессенден, Реджинальд Обри","sh":"Reginald Fessenden","sv":"Reginald Fessenden","tl":"Reginald Fessenden","uk":"Реджинальд Фессенден","zh":"范信達"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak orang yang berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio. Ia adalah salah satu penemu radio, ahli fisika, insinyur, dan guru besar ilmu fisika berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Ia telah berhasil membuat 500 penemuan, diantaranya yaitu alternator, detektor, heterodin, fathometer, dan penggerak turbo listrik untuk kapal tempur.\n\nAlternator adalah alat untuk membangkitkan listrik dan menghasilkan arus bolak balik. Dengan adanya alternator telah mendorong terciptanya radio telepon. Detektor adalah alat untuk mengubah arus bolak balik menjadi arus yang searah. Sedangkan, Heterodin adalah alat untuk mengubah frekuensi radio sehingga frekuensi tersebut mudah diatur dan dapat diperkuat.\n\nFessenden melewatkan masa pendidikannya di Trinity College di Port Hope, Ontario dan di Bishop's University di Lennoxville, Quebec. Perjalanan kariernya dimulai dengan menjadi guru dan kepala sekolah di Whitney Institute. Selama mengurusi sekolah tersebut, ia melakukan percobaan-percobaan di bidang listrik dan kimia. Kemudian ia pindah ke New York, Amerika Serikat dan melamar pekerjaan di laboratorium Edison di Orange, New York. Ia diterima sebagai kepala bagian di bidang kimia.\n\nFessenden - 100 Years of Radio Belrose, John S., \"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century\" International Conference on 100 Years of Radio (September 5–7, 1995). Grant, John, \"Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony\" The American Telephone Journal, January 26, 1907 Seitz, Frederick, \"The Cosmic Inventor\" Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1999. George H. Clark Radioana Collection, ca. 1880 - 1950 - National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Reginald Fessenden web page Radio Machrihanish, Scotland\n\nKategori:Penemu Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name = ''Reginald Fessenden''\n|image = Fessenden.JPG \n|image_size = 200px\n|caption = ''The Father of Radio Broadcasting''\n|birth_date = {{Birth date|1866|10|6|mf=y}} \n|birth_place = [[East Bolton, Quebec|East Bolton]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]\n|nationality = Kanada\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1932|7|22|1866|10|6|mf=y}}\n|known_for   = Menemukan [[radiotelepon]]\n|death_place = [[Bermuda]] buried St. Mark's Church cemetery\n|occupation = [[Inventor]]  \n|salary = \n|networth = \n|spouse =\n|website =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak orang yang berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio.","translated_text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () was one of so many people who served in the development of radio technology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1907fes.htm Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony ''The American Telephone Journal'']</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"http://earlyradiohistory.us/1907fes.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":38228,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:58.798539-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah salah satu penemu radio, ahli fisika, insinyur, dan guru besar ilmu fisika berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"He was one of the United States' national radio inventors, physicists, engineers, and physics teachers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"earlyradiohistory.us\">[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1940fes2.htm Helen Fessenden, \"Builder of Tomorrows\" (1940), p. 153 - 154].</ref>","char_index":115,"name":"earlyradiohistory.us","url":"http://earlyradiohistory.us/1940fes2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4573,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:59.046026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.919921875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia telah berhasil membuat 500 penemuan, diantaranya yaitu alternator, detektor, heterodin, fathometer, dan penggerak turbo listrik untuk kapal tempur.","translated_text":"He has made 500 inventions, including alternators, detectors, heterodines, fathometers, and electric turbochargers for warships.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alternator adalah alat untuk membangkitkan listrik dan menghasilkan arus bolak balik.","translated_text":"An alternator is a device for generating electricity and generating an alternating current.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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December 23, 2008, retrieved 12 June 2010</ref>","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":51601,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:59.197803-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.171875},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046 O'Neal, James E. \"Fessenden — The Next Chapter\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916012103/http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046 |date=2009-09-16 }} ''Radio World Online''. December 23, 2008, retrieved 12 June 2010</ref>","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090916012103/http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:00.814634-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama mengurusi sekolah tersebut, ia melakukan percobaan-percobaan di bidang listrik dan kimia.","translated_text":"During his time at the school, he conducted experiments in electricity and chemistry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian ia pindah ke New York, Amerika Serikat dan melamar pekerjaan di laboratorium Edison di Orange, New York.","translated_text":"He then moved to New York, United States and applied for a job at Edison's laboratory in Orange, New York.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia diterima sebagai kepala bagian di bidang kimia.","translated_text":"He was accepted as head of the department of chemistry.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>","char_index":50,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fessenden - 100 Years of Radio Belrose, John S., \"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century\" International Conference on 100 Years of Radio (September 5–7, 1995).","translated_text":"Fessenden - 100 Years of Radio Belrose, John S., \"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century\" International Conference on 100 Years of Radio (September 5 ⁇ 7, 1995).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228200010/http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html |date=2012-12-28 }}","char_index":172,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121228200010/http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:07.990120-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Grant, John, \"Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony\" The American Telephone Journal, January 26, 1907 Seitz, Frederick, \"The Cosmic Inventor\" Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.","translated_text":"Grant, John, \"Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony\" The American Telephone Journal, January 26, 1907 Seitz, Frederick, \"The Cosmic Inventor\" Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"1999.","translated_text":"It's 1999.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"George H. Clark Radioana Collection, ca. 1880 - 1950 - National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.","translated_text":"The George H. Clark Radioana Collection, c. 1880 - 1950 - is owned by the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123180159/http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/fa_clark_index.aspx |date=2005-11-23 }}","char_index":53,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20051123180159/http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/fa_clark_index.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.058727-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reginald Fessenden web page Radio Machrihanish, Scotland","translated_text":"Reginald Fessenden web page of Radio Machrihanish, Scotland","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927142414/http://193.63.162.100/machihan.html |date=2007-09-27 }}","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070927142414/http://193.63.162.100/machihan.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.127824-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Penemu Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"The inventor of the United States:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak orang yang berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio.","translated_text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () was one of so many people who served in the development of radio technology.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1907fes.htm Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony ''The American Telephone Journal'']</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"http://earlyradiohistory.us/1907fes.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":38228,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:58.798539-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak orang yang berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio. Ia adalah salah satu penemu radio, ahli fisika, insinyur, dan guru besar ilmu fisika berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () was one of so many people who served in the development of radio technology. He was one of the United States' national radio inventors, physicists, engineers, and physics teachers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"earlyradiohistory.us\">[http://earlyradiohistory.us/1940fes2.htm Helen Fessenden, \"Builder of Tomorrows\" (1940), p. 153 - 154].</ref>","char_index":236,"name":"earlyradiohistory.us","url":"http://earlyradiohistory.us/1940fes2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4573,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:59.046026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.919921875}]},{"text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak orang yang berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio. Ia adalah salah satu penemu radio, ahli fisika, insinyur, dan guru besar ilmu fisika berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Ia telah berhasil membuat 500 penemuan, diantaranya yaitu alternator, detektor, heterodin, fathometer, dan penggerak turbo listrik untuk kapal tempur.","translated_text":"Reginald Aubrey Fessenden () was one of so many people who served in the development of radio technology. He was one of the United States' national radio inventors, physicists, engineers, and physics teachers. He has made 500 inventions, including alternators, detectors, heterodines, fathometers, and electric turbochargers for warships.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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Heterodin, on the other hand, is a tool for changing radio frequencies so that they can be easily adjusted and amplified.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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Perjalanan kariernya dimulai dengan menjadi guru dan kepala sekolah di Whitney Institute.","translated_text":"Fessenden spent his formative years at Trinity College in Port Hope, Ontario and at Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec. His career journey began as a teacher and principal at the Whitney Institute.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046 O'Neal, James E. \"Fessenden — The Next Chapter\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916012103/http://www.rwonline.com/article/72046 |date=2009-09-16 }} ''Radio World Online''. 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He was accepted as head of the department of chemistry.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>","char_index":261,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fessenden - 100 Years of Radio Belrose, John S., \"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century\" International Conference on 100 Years of Radio (September 5–7, 1995).","translated_text":"Fessenden - 100 Years of Radio Belrose, John S., \"Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic Experiments During the First Decade of this Century\" International Conference on 100 Years of Radio (September 5 ⁇ 7, 1995).","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228200010/http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html |date=2012-12-28 }}","char_index":172,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121228200010/http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:07.990120-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Grant, John, \"Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony\" The American Telephone Journal, January 26, 1907 Seitz, Frederick, \"The Cosmic Inventor\" Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1999. George H. Clark Radioana Collection, ca. 1880 - 1950 - National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.","translated_text":"Grant, John, \"Experiments and Results in Wireless Telephony\" The American Telephone Journal, January 26, 1907 Seitz, Frederick, \"The Cosmic Inventor\" Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. It's 1999. The George H. 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Clark Radioana Collection, c. 1880 - 1950 - is owned by the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Reginald Fessenden web page of Radio Machrihanish, Scotland","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927142414/http://193.63.162.100/machihan.html |date=2007-09-27 }}","char_index":179,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070927142414/http://193.63.162.100/machihan.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.127824-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Nitrilase","wikicode":"{{Yatim|Oktober 2022}}\n[[Berkas:FTIR 3000 1.jpg|jmpl|200px|FTIR, salah satu alat yang dapat digunakan untuk menguji aktivitas enzim nitrilase.]]\n'''Nitrilase''' adalah salah satu jenis [[enzim]] penghidrolisa senyawa [[nitril]].<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref> Substrat utama dari enzim ini adalah indol-3-asetonitril dan senyawa ini kemudian akan diubah menjadi indol-3-asam asetat.<ref>Thimann KV, Mahadevan S. 1964. Nitrilase, its substrate specificity and possible mode of action. ''Arch Biochem Biophys'' 107:62–68.</ref> Nitril (RCN) terdapat di alam dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dalam bentuk [[sianoglikosida]].<ref name=book1/> Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai pembentuk [[polimer]] dan [[senyawa kimia]] lainnya.<ref name=book1/> Oleh karena itu, enzim nitrilase menjadi salah satu enzim yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini.<ref>O’Reilly C, Turner PD. 2003. The nitrilase family of CN hydrolysing enzymes – a comparative study. ''J Appl Microbiol'' 95:1161–74.</ref> Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada [[tanaman]], [[hewan]], dan [[fungi]].\n\nEnzim nitrilase dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 golongan berdasarkan spesifitas substratnya, yaitu [[Senyawa alifatik|alifatik]], aromatik, dan arilaceto-nitrilase.<ref name=book1/> Enzim-enzim ini tidak membutuhkan [[ion]] [[logam]] atau gugus prostetik sebagai [[kofaktor]]nya.<ref name=book1/> Aktivitas nitrilase dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan ''[[high performance liquid chromatography]]'' (HPLC) dan ''infrared spectroscopy'' (FTIR).<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"d30e63916e86b2e7c88814ac82d1fad79d6c95f1fa0d8b9e9454b75d34b15161","last_revision":"2023-12-30T14:29:58Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:07:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.227613","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Nitrilase","fi":"Nitrilaasi","sh":"Nitrilaza","sr":"Nitrilaza"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Nitrilase adalah salah satu jenis enzim penghidrolisa senyawa nitril. Substrat utama dari enzim ini adalah indol-3-asetonitril dan senyawa ini kemudian akan diubah menjadi indol-3-asam asetat. Nitril (RCN) terdapat di alam dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dalam bentuk sianoglikosida. Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai pembentuk polimer dan senyawa kimia lainnya. Oleh karena itu, enzim nitrilase menjadi salah satu enzim yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini. Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada tanaman, hewan, dan fungi.\n\nEnzim nitrilase dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 golongan berdasarkan spesifitas substratnya, yaitu alifatik, aromatik, dan arilaceto-nitrilase. Enzim-enzim ini tidak membutuhkan ion logam atau gugus prostetik sebagai kofaktornya. Aktivitas nitrilase dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dan infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nitrilase adalah salah satu jenis enzim penghidrolisa senyawa nitril.","translated_text":"Nitrilase is a type of nitrile compound hydrolyzing enzyme.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":69,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Substrat utama dari enzim ini adalah indol-3-asetonitril dan senyawa ini kemudian akan diubah menjadi indol-3-asam asetat.","translated_text":"The main substrate of this enzyme is indol-3-acetonitrile and this compound is then converted to indol-3-acetic acid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Thimann KV, Mahadevan S. 1964. Nitrilase, its substrate specificity and possible mode of action. ''Arch Biochem Biophys'' 107:62–68.</ref>","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nitril (RCN) terdapat di alam dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dalam bentuk sianoglikosida.","translated_text":"Nitrile (RCN) is found in nature in very large amounts in the form of cyanoglycosides.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":89,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai pembentuk polimer dan senyawa kimia lainnya.","translated_text":"These compounds are widely used as polymers and other chemical compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, enzim nitrilase menjadi salah satu enzim yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini.","translated_text":"As a result, the enzyme nitrilase has become one of the most widely developed enzymes today.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>O’Reilly C, Turner PD. 2003. The nitrilase family of CN hydrolysing enzymes – a comparative study. ''J Appl Microbiol'' 95:1161–74.</ref>","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini dapat ditemukan pada tanaman, hewan, dan fungi.","translated_text":"This enzyme can be found in plants, animals, and fungi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim nitrilase dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 golongan berdasarkan spesifitas substratnya, yaitu alifatik, aromatik, dan arilaceto-nitrilase.","translated_text":"Nitrilase enzymes can be grouped into 3 groups based on their substrate specificities, namely aliphatic, aromatic, and arilaceto-nitrilase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":141,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim","translated_text":"Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-enzim ini tidak membutuhkan ion logam atau gugus prostetik sebagai kofaktornya.","translated_text":"- This enzyme doesn't need metal ions or prosthetic groups as cofactors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aktivitas nitrilase dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dan infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).","translated_text":"Nitrilase activity can be analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":135,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Nitrilase adalah salah satu jenis enzim penghidrolisa senyawa nitril.","translated_text":"Nitrilase is a type of nitrile compound hydrolyzing enzyme.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":69,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nitrilase adalah salah satu jenis enzim penghidrolisa senyawa nitril. Substrat utama dari enzim ini adalah indol-3-asetonitril dan senyawa ini kemudian akan diubah menjadi indol-3-asam asetat.","translated_text":"Nitrilase is a type of nitrile compound hydrolyzing enzyme. The main substrate of this enzyme is indol-3-acetonitrile and this compound is then converted to indol-3-acetic acid.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Thimann KV, Mahadevan S. 1964. Nitrilase, its substrate specificity and possible mode of action. ''Arch Biochem Biophys'' 107:62–68.</ref>","char_index":192,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nitrilase adalah salah satu jenis enzim penghidrolisa senyawa nitril. Substrat utama dari enzim ini adalah indol-3-asetonitril dan senyawa ini kemudian akan diubah menjadi indol-3-asam asetat. Nitril (RCN) terdapat di alam dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dalam bentuk sianoglikosida.","translated_text":"Nitrilase is a type of nitrile compound hydrolyzing enzyme. The main substrate of this enzyme is indol-3-acetonitrile and this compound is then converted to indol-3-acetic acid. Nitrile (RCN) is found in nature in very large amounts in the form of cyanoglycosides.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":282,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Substrat utama dari enzim ini adalah indol-3-asetonitril dan senyawa ini kemudian akan diubah menjadi indol-3-asam asetat. Nitril (RCN) terdapat di alam dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dalam bentuk sianoglikosida. Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai pembentuk polimer dan senyawa kimia lainnya.","translated_text":"The main substrate of this enzyme is indol-3-acetonitrile and this compound is then converted to indol-3-acetic acid. Nitrile (RCN) is found in nature in very large amounts in the form of cyanoglycosides. These compounds are widely used as polymers and other chemical compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":294,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nitril (RCN) terdapat di alam dalam jumlah yang sangat besar dalam bentuk sianoglikosida. Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai pembentuk polimer dan senyawa kimia lainnya. Oleh karena itu, enzim nitrilase menjadi salah satu enzim yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini.","translated_text":"Nitrile (RCN) is found in nature in very large amounts in the form of cyanoglycosides. These compounds are widely used as polymers and other chemical compounds. As a result, the enzyme nitrilase has become one of the most widely developed enzymes today.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>O’Reilly C, Turner PD. 2003. The nitrilase family of CN hydrolysing enzymes – a comparative study. ''J Appl Microbiol'' 95:1161–74.</ref>","char_index":264,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim nitrilase dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 golongan berdasarkan spesifitas substratnya, yaitu alifatik, aromatik, dan arilaceto-nitrilase.","translated_text":"Nitrilase enzymes can be grouped into 3 groups based on their substrate specificities, namely aliphatic, aromatic, and arilaceto-nitrilase.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":141,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim nitrilase dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 golongan berdasarkan spesifitas substratnya, yaitu alifatik, aromatik, dan arilaceto-nitrilase. Enzim -enzim ini tidak membutuhkan ion logam atau gugus prostetik sebagai kofaktornya.","translated_text":"Nitrilase enzymes can be grouped into 3 groups based on their substrate specificities, namely aliphatic, aromatic, and arilaceto-nitrilase. Enzymes - This enzyme doesn't need metal ions or prosthetic groups as cofactors.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":228,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim -enzim ini tidak membutuhkan ion logam atau gugus prostetik sebagai kofaktornya. Aktivitas nitrilase dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dan infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).","translated_text":"Enzymes - This enzyme doesn't need metal ions or prosthetic groups as cofactors. Nitrilase activity can be analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 532-534. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":222,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"American Idol (musim 7)","wikicode":"{{Infobox television season\n| bg_color             = <!-- Colors used must meet the contrast requirements of WP:COLOR. -->\n| image                = \n| image_upright        = \n| image_size           = \n| image_alt            = \n| caption              = \n| module1              = {{Infobox reality competition season\n | presenter           = [[Ryan Seacrest]]\n | judges              = {{Unbulleted list| [[Randy Jackson]] | [[Simon Cowell]] | [[Paula Abdul]] }}\n | coaches             = \n | num_days            = \n | num_tasks           =\n | num_contestants     = \n | winner              = [[David Cook]]\n | celebrity_winner    =\n | professional_winner =\n | winner_coach        = \n | runner_up           = [[David Archuleta]]\n | location            = \n | finals_venue        = [[L.A. Live#Nokia Theatre|Nokia Theatre Los Angeles]]\n | num_legs            = \n | miles_traveled      = <!-- or | km_traveled= -->\n | label1              = Durasi\n | data1               = \n | companion_show      = <!-- This field is only for use in certain articles. See template documentation for more info. -->\n}}\n| country              = \n| num_episodes         = \n| network              = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX Channel]]\n| first_aired          = {{Start date|2008|01|15}}\n| last_aired           = {{End date|2008|5|21}}\n| film_start           = <!-- This field is only for use in certain articles. --><!-- {{Start date|yyyy|mm|dd}} -->\n| film_end             = <!-- This field is only for use in certain articles. --><!-- {{End date|yyyy|mm|dd}} -->\n| prev_season          = <!-- or |prev_series  = -->\n| next_season          = <!-- or |next_series  = -->\n| episode_list         = \n}}\n\n\n'''American idol musim ketujuh''' merupakan kelanjutan tayangan [[reality show]] dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh [[Fox]] untuk ketujuh kalinya pada 15 Januari 2008.<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Dalam kompetisi tersebut, terdapat 12 finalis dan 3orang juri, yakni [[Simon Cowell]], [[Paula Abdul]], dan [[Randy Jackson]].<ref name=\"American\"/> Ketiga juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta [[komentar]] atas penampilan para finalis.<ref name=\"American\"/>\n\n== Finalis ==\nFinalis dalam american idol musim ketujuh ini adalah [[David Cook]], [[David Archuleta]], [[Syesha Mercado]], [[Jason Castro]], [[Brooke White]], [[Carly Smithson]], [[Kristy Lee Cook]], [[Michael Johns]], [[Ramiele Malubay]], [[Chikezie]], [[Amanda Overmyer]], dan [[David Hernandez]].<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah David Cook dan runner-upnya adalah David Archuleta.<ref name=\"Idol\"/> Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman [[album]] di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.<ref name=\"American\"/>\n\n== Urutan Eliminasi ==\n<center>\n{| border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" style=\"background:gray; border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse;  margin:0 1em 1em 0; text-align:center;\"\n|-\n|+ '''Legend'''\n|-\n| style=\"background:pink; width:20%;\"| Perempuan\n| style=\"background:cyan; width:20%;\"| Laki-laki\n| style=\"background:#CCCCCC; width:20%;\"| Top 24\n| style=\"background:#8AB8E6; width:20%;\"| Top 12\n| style=\"background:lime;\" width=\"20%\" | Pemenang\n|}\n{| border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" style=\"background:gray; border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0 1em 1em 0; text-align:center;\"\n|bgcolor=\"white\" width=\"25%\"|Terselamatkan\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\" width=\"25%\"|Terselamatkan pertama\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\" width=\"25%\"|Terselamatkan terakhir\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\" width=\"25%\"|Eliminasi\n|}\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:85%\"\n|colspan=\"2\" align=\"right\"|''Panggung:''\n|colspan=\"3\" bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\"|'''Semi Final'''\n|colspan=\"11\" bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Final'''\n|-\n|colspan=\"2\" align=\"right\"|''Minggu:''\n! 2/21\n! 2/28\n! 3/6\n! 3/12\n! 3/19\n! 3/26\n! 4/2\n! 4/10<sup>1</sup>\n! 4/16\n! 4/23\n! 4/30<sup>2</sup>\n! 5/7\n! 5/14\n! 5/21\n|-\n!Tempat\n!Kontestan\n!colspan=\"14\"|Hasil\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''1'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|David Cook\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"lime\"|'''Pemenang'''\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''2'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|David Archuleta\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|{{nowrap|'''Runner-Up'''}}\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''3'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Syesha Mercado\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 3}}<!--There was no \"Safe first\" or \"Safe last\" this week, Seacrest announced they were safe at the same time.-->\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\"|\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''4'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Jason Castro\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''5'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Brooke White\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''6'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Carly Smithson\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3<!--There was no \"Safe first\" or \"Safe last\" this week, Seacrest announced they were safe at the same time.-->\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''7'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Kristy Lee Cook\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"5\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''8'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Michael Johns\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"6\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''9'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Ramiele Malubay\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"7\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''10'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Chikezie\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"8\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''11'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Amanda Overmyer\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"9\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''12'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|David Hernandez\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"10\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''13-16'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Danny Noriega\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=11 rowspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Asia'h Epperson\n|\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Luke Menard\n|\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Kady Malloy\n|\n|style=\"background:pink;\"| Bottom 3\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''17-20'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Robbie Carrico\n|\n|bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=12 rowspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Alaina Whitaker\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|{{nowrap|Alexandréa Lushington}}\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Jason Yeager\n|\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"8\"| '''21-24'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Colton Berry\n|bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"8\"| '''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=13 rowspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Joanne Borgella\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Amy Davis\n|-\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Garrett Haley\n|}\n</center>\n\n<small><sup>1</sup> Karena ''Idol Gives Back'' ditayangkan khusus pada malam Rabu, pengumuman hasil dipindahkan ke Kamis.<br />\n<sup>2</sup> Dari titik ini ke depan, baik 3 bawah atau bawah 2 kontestan eksplisit diidentifikasi.</small>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{American Idol}}\n{{televisi-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Musim American Idol|7]]","hash":"e671ee6c9ce7fad9a39b73455691d068e7130fc044161574d063e9e732368a9b","last_revision":"2024-04-18T14:57:20Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:16:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.281212","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"American Idol season 7","es":"Anexo:Séptima temporada de American Idol","fi":"American Idol (7. tuotantokausi)","ga":"American Idol (sraith 7)","ja":"アメリカン・アイドル (シーズン7)","ru":"American Idol (сезон 7)","vi":"American Idol (mùa 7)","zh":"美國偶像 (第七季)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"American idol musim ketujuh merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk ketujuh kalinya pada 15 Januari 2008. Dalam kompetisi tersebut, terdapat 12 finalis dan 3orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, dan Randy Jackson. Ketiga juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.\n\nFinalis dalam american idol musim ketujuh ini adalah David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, dan David Hernandez. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah David Cook dan runner-upnya adalah David Archuleta. Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.\n\n¹ Karena Idol Gives Back ditayangkan khusus pada malam Rabu, pengumuman hasil dipindahkan ke Kamis.\n\n² Dari titik ini ke depan, baik 3 bawah atau bawah 2 kontestan eksplisit diidentifikasi.\n\n7\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox television season\n| bg_color             = <!-- Colors used must meet the contrast requirements of WP:COLOR. -->\n| image                = \n| image_upright        = \n| image_size           = \n| image_alt            = \n| caption              = \n| module1              = {{Infobox reality competition season\n | presenter           = [[Ryan Seacrest]]\n | judges              = {{Unbulleted list| [[Randy Jackson]] | [[Simon Cowell]] | [[Paula Abdul]] }}\n | coaches             = \n | num_days            = \n | num_tasks           =\n | num_contestants     = \n | winner              = [[David Cook]]\n | celebrity_winner    =\n | professional_winner =\n | winner_coach        = \n | runner_up           = [[David Archuleta]]\n | location            = \n | finals_venue        = [[L.A. Live#Nokia Theatre|Nokia Theatre Los Angeles]]\n | num_legs            = \n | miles_traveled      = <!-- or | km_traveled= -->\n | label1              = Durasi\n | data1               = \n | companion_show      = <!-- This field is only for use in certain articles. See template documentation for more info. -->\n}}\n| country              = \n| num_episodes         = \n| network              = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX Channel]]\n| first_aired          = {{Start date|2008|01|15}}\n| last_aired           = {{End date|2008|5|21}}\n| film_start           = <!-- This field is only for use in certain articles. --><!-- {{Start date|yyyy|mm|dd}} -->\n| film_end             = <!-- This field is only for use in certain articles. --><!-- {{End date|yyyy|mm|dd}} -->\n| prev_season          = <!-- or |prev_series  = -->\n| next_season          = <!-- or |next_series  = -->\n| episode_list         = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"American idol musim ketujuh merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk ketujuh kalinya pada 15 Januari 2008.","translated_text":"The seventh season of American Idol is a continuation of the singing reality show that was aired by Fox for the seventh time on January 15, 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kompetisi tersebut, terdapat 12 finalis dan 3orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, dan Randy Jackson.","translated_text":"The competition featured 12 finalists and three judges, Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketiga juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.","translated_text":"All three judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Finalis","translated_text":"Finalists","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Finalis dalam american idol musim ketujuh ini adalah David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, dan David Hernandez.","translated_text":"The finalists in this seventh season of American Idol were David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, and David Hernandez.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":238,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:18.471202-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":238,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:18.471202-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah David Cook dan runner-upnya adalah David Archuleta.","translated_text":"With the main winner of the competition being David Cook and the runner-up being David Archuleta.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:18.471202-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.","translated_text":"Each of the event's finalists is entitled to an album recording under a prominent American label.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Urutan Eliminasi","translated_text":"Order of elimination","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" style=\"background:gray; border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse;  margin:0 1em 1em 0; text-align:center;\"\n|-\n|+ '''Legend'''\n|-\n| style=\"background:pink; width:20%;\"| Perempuan\n| style=\"background:cyan; width:20%;\"| Laki-laki\n| style=\"background:#CCCCCC; width:20%;\"| Top 24\n| style=\"background:#8AB8E6; width:20%;\"| Top 12\n| style=\"background:lime;\" width=\"20%\" | Pemenang\n|}"},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" style=\"background:gray; border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0 1em 1em 0; text-align:center;\"\n|bgcolor=\"white\" width=\"25%\"|Terselamatkan\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\" width=\"25%\"|Terselamatkan pertama\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\" width=\"25%\"|Terselamatkan terakhir\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\" width=\"25%\"|Eliminasi\n|}"},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:85%\"\n|colspan=\"2\" align=\"right\"|''Panggung:''\n|colspan=\"3\" bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\"|'''Semi Final'''\n|colspan=\"11\" bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Final'''\n|-\n|colspan=\"2\" align=\"right\"|''Minggu:''\n! 2/21\n! 2/28\n! 3/6\n! 3/12\n! 3/19\n! 3/26\n! 4/2\n! 4/10<sup>1</sup>\n! 4/16\n! 4/23\n! 4/30<sup>2</sup>\n! 5/7\n! 5/14\n! 5/21\n|-\n!Tempat\n!Kontestan\n!colspan=\"14\"|Hasil\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''1'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|David Cook\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"lime\"|'''Pemenang'''\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''2'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|David Archuleta\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|{{nowrap|'''Runner-Up'''}}\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''3'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Syesha Mercado\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 3}}<!--There was no \"Safe first\" or \"Safe last\" this week, Seacrest announced they were safe at the same time.-->\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\"|\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''4'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Jason Castro\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''5'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Brooke White\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''6'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Carly Smithson\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3<!--There was no \"Safe first\" or \"Safe last\" this week, Seacrest announced they were safe at the same time.-->\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"E0F0FF\"| Bottom 3\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''7'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Kristy Lee Cook\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"B8DBFF\"| {{nowrap|Bottom 2}}\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"5\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''8'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Michael Johns\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"6\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''9'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Ramiele Malubay\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"7\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''10'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Chikezie\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"8\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''11'''\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Amanda Overmyer\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"9\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''12'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|David Hernandez\n|\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"8AB8E6\"|'''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=\"10\" |\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''13-16'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Danny Noriega\n|\n|\n|bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=11 rowspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Asia'h Epperson\n|\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Luke Menard\n|\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Kady Malloy\n|\n|style=\"background:pink;\"| Bottom 3\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''17-20'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Robbie Carrico\n|\n|bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"4\"| '''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=12 rowspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Alaina Whitaker\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|{{nowrap|Alexandréa Lushington}}\n|\n|-\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Jason Yeager\n|\n|-\n|bgcolor=\"CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"8\"| '''21-24'''\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Colton Berry\n|bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\" rowspan=\"8\"| '''Elim'''\n|bgcolor=\"919191\" colspan=13 rowspan=\"4\" |\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Joanne Borgella\n|-\n|style=\"background:pink;\"|Amy Davis\n|-\n|style=\"background:cyan;\"|Garrett Haley\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"¹ Karena Idol Gives Back ditayangkan khusus pada malam Rabu, pengumuman hasil dipindahkan ke Kamis.","translated_text":"1 Since Idol Gives Back aired exclusively on Wednesday nights, the results announcement was moved to Thursday.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"² Dari titik ini ke depan, baik 3 bawah atau bawah 2 kontestan eksplisit diidentifikasi.","translated_text":"2 From this point forward, either 3 below or below 2 contestants are explicitly identified.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"7","translated_text":"7","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"American idol musim ketujuh merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk ketujuh kalinya pada 15 Januari 2008.","translated_text":"The seventh season of American Idol is a continuation of the singing reality show that was aired by Fox for the seventh time on January 15, 2008.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"American idol musim ketujuh merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk ketujuh kalinya pada 15 Januari 2008. Dalam kompetisi tersebut, terdapat 12 finalis dan 3orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, dan Randy Jackson.","translated_text":"The seventh season of American Idol is a continuation of the singing reality show that was aired by Fox for the seventh time on January 15, 2008. The competition featured 12 finalists and three judges, Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":282,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"American idol musim ketujuh merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk ketujuh kalinya pada 15 Januari 2008. Dalam kompetisi tersebut, terdapat 12 finalis dan 3orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, dan Randy Jackson. Ketiga juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.","translated_text":"The seventh season of American Idol is a continuation of the singing reality show that was aired by Fox for the seventh time on January 15, 2008. The competition featured 12 finalists and three judges, Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson. All three judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":382,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.198324-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Finalis dalam american idol musim ketujuh ini adalah David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, dan David Hernandez.","translated_text":"The finalists in this seventh season of American Idol were David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, and David Hernandez.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":238,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:18.471202-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. 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Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah David Cook dan runner-upnya adalah David Archuleta.","translated_text":"The finalists in this seventh season of American Idol were David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, and David Hernandez. With the main winner of the competition being David Cook and the runner-up being David Archuleta.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div ''Top 12 Contestants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164434/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Farchive%2Fcontestants%2Fseason7%2F&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div |date=2021-07-18 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":343,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.americanidol.com/archive/contestants/season7/&ei=UgQVTI3LN8_CrAeGnIGGCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26hl%3Did%26prmd%3Div","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:18.471202-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Finalis dalam american idol musim ketujuh ini adalah David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, dan David Hernandez. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah David Cook dan runner-upnya adalah David Archuleta. Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.","translated_text":"The finalists in this seventh season of American Idol were David Cook, David Archuleta, Syesha Mercado, Jason Castro, Brooke White, Carly Smithson, Kristy Lee Cook, Michael Johns, Ramiele Malubay, Chikezie, Amanda Overmyer, and David Hernandez. With the main winner of the competition being David Cook and the runner-up being David Archuleta. Each of the event's finalists is entitled to an album recording under a prominent American label.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://tv.ign.com/objects/907/907452.html&ei=cwQVTPO8Kom3rAeRmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCcQ7gEwATgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAmerican%2Bidol%2Bseason%2Bseven%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Div ''American idol musim ketujuh'']. 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+{"title":"Peter O'Leary","wikicode":"{{Infobox wasit\n|name = Peter O'Leary\n|image = [http://www.fifa.com/mm/ProfileTool/Referee/196486.jpg Foto Peter O'Leary]\n|fullname = Peter O'Leary\n|dateofbirth = [[3 Maret]] [[1972]] ({{umur|1972|3|3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}} tahun)\n|cityofbirth = [[Wellington]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Selandia Baru]]\n|height = {{height|m=1.88}}\n|warganegara = {{negaranama|Selandia Baru}}\n|fifalicense = [[2003]]\n|1im = {{timnas|Kepulauan Solomon|Kep Solomon}} [[Piala Oseania 2004#F L1|1 – 5]] {{timnas|Australia}} <br /> ([[Stadion Lawson Tama|Lawson Tama]], [[Honiara]], [[Kepulauan Solomon|Kep. Solomon]], [[9 Oktober]] [[2004]])\n|otheroccupation = Guru\n|league = [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Selandia Baru|NZFC]] <br /> [[A-League]] \n|years = – ''kini'' <br /> – ''kini''\n|role = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]] <br /> [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|internationalyears = [[2003]] – ''kini''\n|confederation = Berlisensi [[FIFA]]\n|internationalrole = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|FIFAyears = [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008|2008]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]''\n|FIFAtournament = [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-20]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|PD Antarklub]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|PD Antarklub]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-20]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|PD Antarklub]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA|Piala Dunia]]\n|FIFAmatch = 2 <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007#Juara 3|1]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008#Perebutan tempat kelima|1]] <br /> 3 <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009#1/4 1|1]] <br /> ?\n|regionalyears = [[Piala Oseania 2004|2004]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania 2008|2008]]\n|regionaltournament = [[Piala Oseania]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania]]\n|regionalmatch = [[Piala Oseania 2004#F L1|1]] <br /> 2\n}}\n'''Peter O'Leary''' ({{lahirmati|[[Wellington]], [[Selandia Baru]]|3|3|1972}}) merupakan seorang [[wasit (sepak bola)|wasit]] yang berasal dari [[Selandia Baru]]. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun [[2003]].<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref> Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan guru.\n\nIa menjadi wasit [[Selandia Baru]] pertama yang bertugas dalam [[Liga Utama Inggris]].<ref>[http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk Did you know? – Peter O'Leary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk |date=2009-01-02 }}, ''WorldReferee.com'', [[3 Maret]] [[2009]]. Diakses pada [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref> Peter O'Leary menjadi ofisial keempat, menggantikan [[Steve Bennett]] yang menjadi [[asisten wasit (sepak bola)|asisten wasit]], menggantikan asisten wasit Alan Williams yang cedera pada pertandingan antara [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] dan [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] di [[Villa Park]], [[Birmingham]] pada [[28 September]] [[2008]].<ref name=\"stuff\">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575 Kiwi ref tastes premier league action]. ''stuff.co.nz'', [[29 September]] [[2008]]. Diakses [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref> Saat itu, ia datang ke [[Birmingham]] memenuhi undangan wasit [[Inggris]], [[Steve Benett]], dan penunjukan dirinya diumumkan oleh pembawa acara pertandingan.<ref name = \"stuff\" />\n\n== Turnamen ==\nPeter O'Leary telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni : \n* [[Piala Oseania 2004]]\n* [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2007]]\n* [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007]]\n* [[Piala Oseania 2008]]\n* [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008]]\n* [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009]]\n* [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009]]\n* ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]''\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{WorldReferee|601}}\n* [http://idn.worldfootball.net/schiedsrichter_profil/peter-oleary/ Entri] pada [http://idn.worldfootball.net WorldFootball.net]\n\n{{S-start}}\n{{Succession box\n|before = {{negara|Polinesia Prancis}} [[Charles Ariiotima]]<br>([[Federasi Sepak Bola Tahiti|Tahiti]])\n|after = Sistem ''round-robin''\n|title = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]] Pertandingan Final <br /> [[Piala Oseania]]\n|years = [[Piala Oseania 2004|2004]] <br /> '''Leg Pertama'''\n}}\n{{End}}\n{{lifetime|1972||O'Leary, Peter}}\n{{Wasit PD2010}}\n{{Wasit PD2014}}\n{{Wasit Final Piala Oseania}}\n\n[[Kategori:Wasit sepak bola Selandia Baru]]\n\n\n{{wasit-stub}}","hash":"3b6c42b4ff795b326f45ab37ba240b5eadd1a07a9dff878e663fd10bc7cb21e8","last_revision":"2023-02-08T16:16:04Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:27:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.354657","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بيتر أوليري","ca":"Peter O'Leary","da":"Peter O'Leary","de":"Peter O’Leary","en":"Peter O'Leary (referee)","es":"Peter O'Leary (árbitro)","fa":"پیتر اولری","fi":"Peter O’Leary","fr":"Peter O'Leary","hu":"Peter O’Leary (játékvezető)","it":"Peter O'Leary","ko":"피터 오리어리","mg":"Peter O'Leary","mr":"पीटर ओ'लियरी","nl":"Peter O'Leary (scheidsrechter)","nb":"Peter O’Leary (fotballdommer)","pl":"Peter O’Leary","pt":"Peter O'Leary","ru":"О’Лири, Питер","sv":"Peter O'Leary","tr":"Peter O'Leary (hakem)","uk":"Пітер О'Лірі","zh":"彼得·奥莱利"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Peter O'Leary () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Selandia Baru. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2003. Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan guru.\n\nIa menjadi wasit Selandia Baru pertama yang bertugas dalam Liga Utama Inggris. Peter O'Leary menjadi ofisial keempat, menggantikan Steve Bennett yang menjadi asisten wasit, menggantikan asisten wasit Alan Williams yang cedera pada pertandingan antara Aston Villa dan Sunderland di Villa Park, Birmingham pada 28 September 2008. Saat itu, ia datang ke Birmingham memenuhi undangan wasit Inggris, Steve Benett, dan penunjukan dirinya diumumkan oleh pembawa acara pertandingan.\n\nPeter O'Leary telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni : Piala Oseania 2004 Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2007 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007 Piala Oseania 2008 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008 Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n\nEntri pada WorldFootball.net\n\nKategori:Wasit sepak bola Selandia Baru\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox wasit\n|name = Peter O'Leary\n|image = [http://www.fifa.com/mm/ProfileTool/Referee/196486.jpg Foto Peter O'Leary]\n|fullname = Peter O'Leary\n|dateofbirth = [[3 Maret]] [[1972]] ({{umur|1972|3|3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}} tahun)\n|cityofbirth = [[Wellington]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Selandia Baru]]\n|height = {{height|m=1.88}}\n|warganegara = {{negaranama|Selandia Baru}}\n|fifalicense = [[2003]]\n|1im = {{timnas|Kepulauan Solomon|Kep Solomon}} [[Piala Oseania 2004#F L1|1 – 5]] {{timnas|Australia}} <br /> ([[Stadion Lawson Tama|Lawson Tama]], [[Honiara]], [[Kepulauan Solomon|Kep. Solomon]], [[9 Oktober]] [[2004]])\n|otheroccupation = Guru\n|league = [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Selandia Baru|NZFC]] <br /> [[A-League]] \n|years = – ''kini'' <br /> – ''kini''\n|role = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]] <br /> [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|internationalyears = [[2003]] – ''kini''\n|confederation = Berlisensi [[FIFA]]\n|internationalrole = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|FIFAyears = [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008|2008]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]''\n|FIFAtournament = [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-20]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|PD Antarklub]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|PD Antarklub]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-20]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|PD Antarklub]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA|Piala Dunia]]\n|FIFAmatch = 2 <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007#Juara 3|1]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008#Perebutan tempat kelima|1]] <br /> 3 <br /> [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009#1/4 1|1]] <br /> ?\n|regionalyears = [[Piala Oseania 2004|2004]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania 2008|2008]]\n|regionaltournament = [[Piala Oseania]] <br /> [[Piala Oseania]]\n|regionalmatch = [[Piala Oseania 2004#F L1|1]] <br /> 2\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Peter O'Leary () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Selandia Baru. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2003.","translated_text":"Peter O'Leary () is a New Zealand-born international referee who has been a referee since 2003.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.468497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.490584-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan guru.","translated_text":"In addition to being a referee, he was also a teacher.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia menjadi wasit Selandia Baru pertama yang bertugas dalam Liga Utama Inggris.","translated_text":"He became the first New Zealand referee to serve in the English Premier League.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk Did you know? – Peter O'Leary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk |date=2009-01-02 }}, ''WorldReferee.com'', [[3 Maret]] [[2009]]. Diakses pada [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.048211-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk Did you know? – Peter O'Leary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk |date=2009-01-02 }}, ''WorldReferee.com'', [[3 Maret]] [[2009]]. Diakses pada [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.566655-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peter O'Leary menjadi ofisial keempat, menggantikan Steve Bennett yang menjadi asisten wasit, menggantikan asisten wasit Alan Williams yang cedera pada pertandingan antara Aston Villa dan Sunderland di Villa Park, Birmingham pada 28 September 2008.","translated_text":"Peter O'Leary became the fourth official, replacing Steve Bennett as assistant referee, replacing injured assistant referee Alan Williams in a match between Aston Villa and Sunderland at Villa Park, Birmingham on 28 September 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"stuff\">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575 Kiwi ref tastes premier league action]. ''stuff.co.nz'', [[29 September]] [[2008]]. Diakses [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":248,"name":"stuff","url":"http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2884,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.637250-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat itu, ia datang ke Birmingham memenuhi undangan wasit Inggris, Steve Benett, dan penunjukan dirinya diumumkan oleh pembawa acara pertandingan.","translated_text":"At the time, he came to Birmingham to meet the invitation of English referee Steve Benett, and his appointment was announced by the match organiser.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"stuff\">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575 Kiwi ref tastes premier league action]. ''stuff.co.nz'', [[29 September]] [[2008]]. Diakses [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":146,"name":"stuff","url":"http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2884,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.637250-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Turnamen","translated_text":"Tournament","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Peter O'Leary telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni : Piala Oseania 2004 Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2007 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2007 Piala Oseania 2008 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2008 Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia FIFA 2010","translated_text":"Peter O'Leary has led matches in several tournaments, namely: the 2004 Oceania Cup, the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, the 2007 FIFA World Cup, the 2008 Oceania Cup, the 2008 FIFA U-20 World Cup, the 2009 FIFA World Cup, and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Entri pada WorldFootball.net","translated_text":"Entries to WorldFootball.net","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Wasit sepak bola Selandia Baru","translated_text":"Visiting New Zealand football","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Peter O'Leary () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Selandia Baru. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2003.","translated_text":"Peter O'Leary () is a New Zealand-born international referee who has been a referee since 2003.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.468497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html New Zealand - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-07-25 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[12 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090725062806/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=nzl/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:24:37.490584-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia menjadi wasit Selandia Baru pertama yang bertugas dalam Liga Utama Inggris.","translated_text":"He became the first New Zealand referee to serve in the English Premier League.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk Did you know? – Peter O'Leary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk |date=2009-01-02 }}, ''WorldReferee.com'', [[3 Maret]] [[2009]]. Diakses pada [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.048211-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk Did you know? – Peter O'Leary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk |date=2009-01-02 }}, ''WorldReferee.com'', [[3 Maret]] [[2009]]. Diakses pada [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090102015635/http://worldreferee.com/site/copy.php?linkID=601&linkType=referee&contextType=dyk","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.566655-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia menjadi wasit Selandia Baru pertama yang bertugas dalam Liga Utama Inggris. Peter O'Leary menjadi ofisial keempat, menggantikan Steve Bennett yang menjadi asisten wasit, menggantikan asisten wasit Alan Williams yang cedera pada pertandingan antara Aston Villa dan Sunderland di Villa Park, Birmingham pada 28 September 2008.","translated_text":"He became the first New Zealand referee to serve in the English Premier League. Peter O'Leary became the fourth official, replacing Steve Bennett as assistant referee, replacing injured assistant referee Alan Williams in a match between Aston Villa and Sunderland at Villa Park, Birmingham on 28 September 2008.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"stuff\">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575 Kiwi ref tastes premier league action]. ''stuff.co.nz'', [[29 September]] [[2008]]. Diakses [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":327,"name":"stuff","url":"http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2884,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.637250-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia menjadi wasit Selandia Baru pertama yang bertugas dalam Liga Utama Inggris. Peter O'Leary menjadi ofisial keempat, menggantikan Steve Bennett yang menjadi asisten wasit, menggantikan asisten wasit Alan Williams yang cedera pada pertandingan antara Aston Villa dan Sunderland di Villa Park, Birmingham pada 28 September 2008. Saat itu, ia datang ke Birmingham memenuhi undangan wasit Inggris, Steve Benett, dan penunjukan dirinya diumumkan oleh pembawa acara pertandingan.","translated_text":"He became the first New Zealand referee to serve in the English Premier League. Peter O'Leary became the fourth official, replacing Steve Bennett as assistant referee, replacing injured assistant referee Alan Williams in a match between Aston Villa and Sunderland at Villa Park, Birmingham on 28 September 2008. At the time, he came to Birmingham to meet the invitation of English referee Steve Benett, and his appointment was announced by the match organiser.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"stuff\">[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575 Kiwi ref tastes premier league action]. ''stuff.co.nz'', [[29 September]] [[2008]]. Diakses [[13 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":474,"name":"stuff","url":"http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/650575","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2884,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.637250-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Akio Morita","wikicode":"{{Use mdy dates|date=Mei 2012}}\n{{Infobox person\n|name        = Akio Morita\n|image       = Morita Akio.jpg\n|image_size  = \n|caption     = \n|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1921|01|26|df=y}}          \n|birth_name  = \n|birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Prefektur Aichi]], [[Jepang]]<ref name=\"sony\">[http://www.akiomorita.net/en/profile/life.html Chronology] About Akio Morita, Akio Morita Library</ref>\n|death_date  = {{Death date and age|1999|10|03|1921|01|26|df=y}}\n|death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]]\n|death_cause = [[Pneumonia]]\n|company     = [[Sony]]\n|nationality = [[Jepang]]\n|other_names =\n|known_for   = [[Sony]]\n|education   =\n|awards      = Albert Medal {{small|(1982)}}\n}}\n'''Akio Morita''' ({{lahirmati|[[Nagoya]], [[Prefektur Aichi]], [[Jepang]]<ref name=\"sony\"/>|26|1|1921|[[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]]|3|10|1999}}) adalah pelopor berdirinya [[Sony Corporation]].<ref>[http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm The MetOpera Database (archives)]</ref> Ia berasal dari sebuah [[keluarga]] [[pengusaha]] bir [[sake]].<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref> Keluarga Morita menekuni usaha pembuatan bir selama hampir 400 tahun di kota [[Tokoname]], dekat [[Nagoya]].<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Di bawah pantauan ayahnya, [[Kyuzaemon]], Akio dipersiapkan untuk menjadi pewaris bisnis keluarga.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Sebagai mahasiswa, Akio sering dilibatkan dalam rapat perusahaan dengan ayahnya dan ia membantu bisnis keluarga bahkan pada liburan sekolah.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\n== Kehidupan ==\nSejak usia dini, Akio gemar mengutak-atik peralatan [[elektronik]].<ref name=\"Japan\" /> [[Matematika]] dan [[fisika]] adalah mata pelajaran favorit selama SD dan SMP dan sekolah tinggi.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Setelah lulus dari [[Sekolah Tinggi]], ia masuk [[Jurusan]] [[Fisika]] di [[Osaka Imperial University]].<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Pada saat lulus dari Universitas, [[Jepang]] terlibat dalam perang [[Pasifik]] dan Akio bergabung dengan [[Angkatan Laut]] pada tahun 1944.\n\nKetika ia kembali ke rumah keluarga di [[Nagoya]] setelah [[perang]], ketika sebuah artikel tentang [[laboratorium]] [[penelitian]] didirikan oleh [[Ibuka]] muncul dalam kolom [[surat kabar]] [[Asahi]] disebut, \"Blue Pensil\". Morita diundang untuk bergabung dengan [[fakultas]] [[Institut Teknologi Tokyo]] oleh salah seorang [[profesor]].<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Morita mengemasi barang-barangnya dan siap untuk berangkat ke [[Tokyo]].<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Dengan berakhirnya perang, Ibuka mendirikan Institut [[Penelitian]] [[Telekomunikasi]] [[Tokyo]] untuk memulai awal yang baru. Setelah membaca artikel ini, Morita mengunjungi Ibuka di [[Tokyo]] dan mereka memutuskan untuk mendirikan sebuah perusahaan baru bersama.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\n== Asal mula Sony Corporation ==\nPada tanggal 7 Mei, 1946 [[Ibuka]] dan [[Morita]] mendirikan [[Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo]] KK (Tokyo Telekomunikasi Engineering Corporation) dengan sekitar 20 karyawan dan modal awal 190.000 yen.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Pada waktu itu, Ibuka berusia 38 tahun dan Morita 25 tahun.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\nSelama kemitraan mereka yang panjang, Ibuka mencurahkan energinya untuk [[penelitian]] [[teknologi]] dan pengembangan produk, sementara Morita berperan dalam memimpin Sony dalam bidang pemasaran, globalisasi, keuangan dan sumber daya manusia.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Morita juga mempelopori Sony untuk masuk ke dalam bisnis perangkat lunak, dan dia memberikan kontribusi kepada manajemen perusahaan secara keseluruhan.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\nMendorong perusahaan untuk mengembangkan usahanya secara [[global]] terlihat dalam keputusan untuk mengubah nama perusahaan menjadi Sony pada tahun 1958, sebuah keputusan yang tidak diterima dengan baik di dalam atau di luar [[perusahaan]] karena [[Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo]] sudah dikenal secara luas.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Untuk pandangan semacam itu, Morita menegaskan bahwa sudah saatnya mengubah nama perusahaan agar lebih mudah untuk diucapkan dan diingat, agar perusahaan dapat tumbuh dan meningkatkan persaingan perusahaan secara global.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Selain itu, Morita beralasan bahwa suatu saat perusahaan akan membuat [[produk]]-produk baru selain [[elektronik]] dan nama [[Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo]] akan tidak lagi sesuai.<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Oleh karena itu, ia mengubah namanya menjadi [[Sony Corporation]] dan memutuskan untuk menulis 'Sony' dalam abjad katakana (alfabet [[Jepang]] yang biasanya digunakan untuk menulis nama asing), sesuatu yang belum pernah terjadi pada waktu itu.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\nPada tahun 1960, [[Sony Corporation of America]] didirikan di [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref name=\"Japan\" /> Morita memutuskan untuk pindah ke AS bersama keluarganya dan memimpin untuk membuat pangsa pasar baru bagi perusahaan. Dia percaya bahwa Sony harus mengembangkan distribusi penjualan sendiri secara langsung, bukan mengandalkan dealer lokal.<ref name=\"Japan\" />\n\nBanyak produk yang telah diluncurkan sepanjang [[sejarah]] Sony dapat dikatakan bahwa itu semua berkat kreativitas dan ide-ide inovatif dari Morita.<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref> Ide-idenya melahirkan gaya hidup yang sama sekali baru, dan ini jelas terlihat dari produk-produk seperti [[Walkman]] dan perekam [[kaset]] [[video]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\nMorita juga menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk melepaskan diri dari pemikiran konvensional di sektor keuangan, ketika Sony mengeluarkan [[American Depositary]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] pada 1961.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Ini adalah pertama kalinya bahwa sebuah perusahaan [[Jepang]] telah menawarkan saham di [[New York]] [[Stock Exchange]], dan ini memungkinkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan modal tidak hanya di Jepang.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Sony membuka jalan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan Jepang untuk meningkatkan modal asing, pada saat praktik umum manajemen Jepang adalah untuk meminjam dana dari bank.<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\nMengubah nama [[Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo]] ke [[Sony]] menunjukkan, Morita sangat ingin diversifikasi operasi Sony di luar bisnis [[elektronik]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Pada tahun 1968, perusahaan perangkat lunak memasuki bisnis musik di [[Jepang]] dengan mendirikan CBS / Sony Group Inc bersama-sama dengan CBS, Inc [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Kemudian pada tahun 1979, Sony memasuki bisnis keuangan di Jepang dengan mendirikan Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co Ltd, perusahaan patungan 50-50 dengan The Prudential Life Insurance Co of America. Selanjutnya, Sony mengakuisisi CBS Records Inc pada tahun 1988.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Tahun berikutnya, Sony mengakuisisi Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk menjadi perusahaan entertainment yang komprehensif yang memiliki kualitas perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras yang sangat baik.<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\nSelain mengelola Sony, Morita aktif dalam membangun jembatan [[budaya]] antara [[Jepang]] dan di luar negeri sebagai [[Wakil Ketua Keidanren]] (apan Federation of Economic Organizations) dan sebagai anggota dari [[Hubungan]] [[Ekonomi]] Group Jepang-AS, lebih dikenal sebagai \" Wise Men's Group\".<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Dia berperan penting dalam mengurangi friksi perdagangan antara [[Jepang]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]], dan melalui publikasi produknya dengan kalimat seperti Made In Jepang, ia menjadi, \"salah satu orang Jepang paling terkenal di AS.<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\nMorita adalah orang Jepang pertama yang dianugerahi [[Medali Albert]] dari United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts pada tahun 1982.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Pada tahun 1984, ia menerima penghargaan dari National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur), yang tertinggi dan paling bergengsi dari Prancis, dan pada tahun 1991, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure dari [[Kaisar]] [[Jepang]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Selain itu, Morita menerima sejumlah penghargaan dari negara-negara seperti [[Austria]], [[Belgia]], [[Brasil]], [[Jerman]], [[Spanyol]], [[Belanda]], dan [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n{{sisterlinks|akio Morita}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.akiomorita.net/en/index.html Akio Morita Library]\n* [http://www.time.com/time/time100/builder/profile/morita.html Time magazine profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504141056/http://www.time.com/time/time100/builder/profile/morita.html |date=2009-05-04 }}\n* [http://www.sony.com/SCA/press/morita_bio.shtml Sony Biographical notes]\n* [http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/addlbios/morita.html PBS notes]\n* [http://www.worldofbiography.com/9078%2DAkio%20Morita/ Full Biography at World of Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113225806/http://www.worldofbiography.com/9078-Akio%20Morita/ |date=2019-11-13 }}\n* [[Sony#cite note-like.no.other-2|Sony Encyclopedia Article]]\n* [http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/1158/The-Man-Who-Made-Sony-The-Early-Years-of-Akio-Morita.html Akio Morita's Early Life]\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Morita, Akio}}\n[[Kategori:Pengusaha Jepang]]","hash":"c1ccda18c23680320ecbac3c0d11f54fe88f644276ffa684f41f76266c019480","last_revision":"2022-09-25T08:27:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:34:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.407785","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أكيو موريتا","bg":"Акио Морита","ca":"Akio Morita","de":"Morita Akio","el":"Άκιο Μορίτα","en":"Akio Morita","es":"Akio Morita","eu":"Akio Morita","fa":"آکیو موریتا","fi":"Akio Morita","fr":"Akio Morita","ga":"Morita Akio","hy":"Ակիո Մորիտա","it":"Akio Morita","ja":"盛田昭夫","jv":"Akio Morita","kk":"Акио Морита","ko":"모리타 아키오","mai":"अकियो मोरिता","ml":"അകിയോ മോറിത","nl":"Akio Morita","pl":"Akio Morita","pnb":"اکیو موریتا","pt":"Akio Morita","qu":"Akio Morita","ro":"Akio Morita","ru":"Морита, Акио","sr":"Акио Морита","sv":"Akio Morita","ta":"அக்கியோ மொறிட்டா","th":"อากิโอะ โมริตะ","tly":"Morita Akio","tr":"Akio Morita","uk":"Моріта Акіо","ur":"اکیو موریتا","vi":"Morita Akio","war":"Akio Morita","zh":"盛田昭夫"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Akio Morita () adalah pelopor berdirinya Sony Corporation. Ia berasal dari sebuah keluarga pengusaha bir sake. Keluarga Morita menekuni usaha pembuatan bir selama hampir 400 tahun di kota Tokoname, dekat Nagoya. Di bawah pantauan ayahnya, Kyuzaemon, Akio dipersiapkan untuk menjadi pewaris bisnis keluarga. Sebagai mahasiswa, Akio sering dilibatkan dalam rapat perusahaan dengan ayahnya dan ia membantu bisnis keluarga bahkan pada liburan sekolah.\n\nSejak usia dini, Akio gemar mengutak-atik peralatan elektronik. Matematika dan fisika adalah mata pelajaran favorit selama SD dan SMP dan sekolah tinggi. Setelah lulus dari Sekolah Tinggi, ia masuk Jurusan Fisika di Osaka Imperial University. Pada saat lulus dari Universitas, Jepang terlibat dalam perang Pasifik dan Akio bergabung dengan Angkatan Laut pada tahun 1944.\n\nKetika ia kembali ke rumah keluarga di Nagoya setelah perang, ketika sebuah artikel tentang laboratorium penelitian didirikan oleh Ibuka muncul dalam kolom surat kabar Asahi disebut, \"Blue Pensil\". Morita diundang untuk bergabung dengan fakultas Institut Teknologi Tokyo oleh salah seorang profesor. Morita mengemasi barang-barangnya dan siap untuk berangkat ke Tokyo. Dengan berakhirnya perang, Ibuka mendirikan Institut Penelitian Telekomunikasi Tokyo untuk memulai awal yang baru. Setelah membaca artikel ini, Morita mengunjungi Ibuka di Tokyo dan mereka memutuskan untuk mendirikan sebuah perusahaan baru bersama.\n\nPada tanggal 7 Mei, 1946 Ibuka dan Morita mendirikan Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo KK (Tokyo Telekomunikasi Engineering Corporation) dengan sekitar 20 karyawan dan modal awal 190.000 yen. Pada waktu itu, Ibuka berusia 38 tahun dan Morita 25 tahun.\n\nSelama kemitraan mereka yang panjang, Ibuka mencurahkan energinya untuk penelitian teknologi dan pengembangan produk, sementara Morita berperan dalam memimpin Sony dalam bidang pemasaran, globalisasi, keuangan dan sumber daya manusia. Morita juga mempelopori Sony untuk masuk ke dalam bisnis perangkat lunak, dan dia memberikan kontribusi kepada manajemen perusahaan secara keseluruhan.\n\nMendorong perusahaan untuk mengembangkan usahanya secara global terlihat dalam keputusan untuk mengubah nama perusahaan menjadi Sony pada tahun 1958, sebuah keputusan yang tidak diterima dengan baik di dalam atau di luar perusahaan karena Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo sudah dikenal secara luas. Untuk pandangan semacam itu, Morita menegaskan bahwa sudah saatnya mengubah nama perusahaan agar lebih mudah untuk diucapkan dan diingat, agar perusahaan dapat tumbuh dan meningkatkan persaingan perusahaan secara global. Selain itu, Morita beralasan bahwa suatu saat perusahaan akan membuat produk-produk baru selain elektronik dan nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo akan tidak lagi sesuai. Oleh karena itu, ia mengubah namanya menjadi Sony Corporation dan memutuskan untuk menulis 'Sony' dalam abjad katakana (alfabet Jepang yang biasanya digunakan untuk menulis nama asing), sesuatu yang belum pernah terjadi pada waktu itu.\n\nPada tahun 1960, Sony Corporation of America didirikan di Amerika Serikat. Morita memutuskan untuk pindah ke AS bersama keluarganya dan memimpin untuk membuat pangsa pasar baru bagi perusahaan. Dia percaya bahwa Sony harus mengembangkan distribusi penjualan sendiri secara langsung, bukan mengandalkan dealer lokal.\n\nBanyak produk yang telah diluncurkan sepanjang sejarah Sony dapat dikatakan bahwa itu semua berkat kreativitas dan ide-ide inovatif dari Morita. Ide-idenya melahirkan gaya hidup yang sama sekali baru, dan ini jelas terlihat dari produk-produk seperti Walkman dan perekam kaset video.\n\nMorita juga menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk melepaskan diri dari pemikiran konvensional di sektor keuangan, ketika Sony mengeluarkan American Depositary di Amerika Serikat pada 1961. Ini adalah pertama kalinya bahwa sebuah perusahaan Jepang telah menawarkan saham di New York Stock Exchange, dan ini memungkinkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan modal tidak hanya di Jepang. Sony membuka jalan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan Jepang untuk meningkatkan modal asing, pada saat praktik umum manajemen Jepang adalah untuk meminjam dana dari bank.\n\nMengubah nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo ke Sony menunjukkan, Morita sangat ingin diversifikasi operasi Sony di luar bisnis elektronik. Pada tahun 1968, perusahaan perangkat lunak memasuki bisnis musik di Jepang dengan mendirikan CBS / Sony Group Inc bersama-sama dengan CBS, Inc Amerika Serikat. Kemudian pada tahun 1979, Sony memasuki bisnis keuangan di Jepang dengan mendirikan Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co Ltd, perusahaan patungan 50-50 dengan The Prudential Life Insurance Co of America. Selanjutnya, Sony mengakuisisi CBS Records Inc pada tahun 1988. Tahun berikutnya, Sony mengakuisisi Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk menjadi perusahaan entertainment yang komprehensif yang memiliki kualitas perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras yang sangat baik.\n\nSelain mengelola Sony, Morita aktif dalam membangun jembatan budaya antara Jepang dan di luar negeri sebagai Wakil Ketua Keidanren (apan Federation of Economic Organizations) dan sebagai anggota dari Hubungan Ekonomi Group Jepang-AS, lebih dikenal sebagai \" Wise Men's Group\". Dia berperan penting dalam mengurangi friksi perdagangan antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat, dan melalui publikasi produknya dengan kalimat seperti Made In Jepang, ia menjadi, \"salah satu orang Jepang paling terkenal di AS.\n\nMorita adalah orang Jepang pertama yang dianugerahi Medali Albert dari United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts pada tahun 1982. Pada tahun 1984, ia menerima penghargaan dari National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur), yang tertinggi dan paling bergengsi dari Prancis, dan pada tahun 1991, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure dari Kaisar Jepang. Selain itu, Morita menerima sejumlah penghargaan dari negara-negara seperti Austria, Belgia, Brasil, Jerman, Spanyol, Belanda, dan Amerika Serikat.\n\nAkio Morita Library Time magazine profile Sony Biographical notes PBS notes Full Biography at World of Biography Sony Encyclopedia Article Akio Morita's Early Life\n\nKategori:Pengusaha Jepang\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name        = Akio Morita\n|image       = Morita Akio.jpg\n|image_size  = \n|caption     = \n|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1921|01|26|df=y}}          \n|birth_name  = \n|birth_place = [[Nagoya]], [[Prefektur Aichi]], [[Jepang]]<ref name=\"sony\">[http://www.akiomorita.net/en/profile/life.html Chronology] About Akio Morita, Akio Morita Library</ref>\n|death_date  = {{Death date and age|1999|10|03|1921|01|26|df=y}}\n|death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]]\n|death_cause = [[Pneumonia]]\n|company     = [[Sony]]\n|nationality = [[Jepang]]\n|other_names =\n|known_for   = [[Sony]]\n|education   =\n|awards      = Albert Medal {{small|(1982)}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Akio Morita () adalah pelopor berdirinya Sony Corporation.","translated_text":"Akio Morita () was a pioneer in founding Sony Corporation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm The MetOpera Database (archives)]</ref>","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":"http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.702708-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia berasal dari sebuah keluarga pengusaha bir sake.","translated_text":"He came from a family of sake brewers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":51,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":181,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini adalah pertama kalinya bahwa sebuah perusahaan Jepang telah menawarkan saham di New York Stock Exchange, dan ini memungkinkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan modal tidak hanya di Jepang.","translated_text":"This is the first time that a Japanese company has offered shares on the New York Stock Exchange, and this allows the company to raise capital not only in Japan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":188,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sony membuka jalan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan Jepang untuk meningkatkan modal asing, pada saat praktik umum manajemen Jepang adalah untuk meminjam dana dari bank.","translated_text":"Sony paved the way for Japanese companies to raise foreign capital, at a time when the general practice of Japanese management was to borrow funds from banks.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mengubah nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo ke Sony menunjukkan, Morita sangat ingin diversifikasi operasi Sony di luar bisnis elektronik.","translated_text":"Changing Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo's name to Sony indicates that Morita is keen to diversify Sony's operations beyond the electronics business.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1968, perusahaan perangkat lunak memasuki bisnis musik di Jepang dengan mendirikan CBS / Sony Group Inc bersama-sama dengan CBS, Inc Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"In 1968, the software company entered the music business in Japan by founding CBS/Sony Group Inc. together with CBS, Inc. United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. 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Ia berasal dari sebuah keluarga pengusaha bir sake.","translated_text":"Akio Morita () was a pioneer in founding Sony Corporation. He came from a family of sake brewers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":110,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Akio Morita () adalah pelopor berdirinya Sony Corporation. Ia berasal dari sebuah keluarga pengusaha bir sake. Keluarga Morita menekuni usaha pembuatan bir selama hampir 400 tahun di kota Tokoname, dekat Nagoya.","translated_text":"Akio Morita () was a pioneer in founding Sony Corporation. He came from a family of sake brewers. The Morita family owned a brewery for nearly 400 years in Tokoname, near Nagoya.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Ia berasal dari sebuah keluarga pengusaha bir sake. Keluarga Morita menekuni usaha pembuatan bir selama hampir 400 tahun di kota Tokoname, dekat Nagoya. Di bawah pantauan ayahnya, Kyuzaemon, Akio dipersiapkan untuk menjadi pewaris bisnis keluarga.","translated_text":"He came from a family of sake brewers. The Morita family owned a brewery for nearly 400 years in Tokoname, near Nagoya. Under the supervision of his father, Kyuzaemon, Akio was prepared to be the heir to the family business.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":247,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Keluarga Morita menekuni usaha pembuatan bir selama hampir 400 tahun di kota Tokoname, dekat Nagoya. Di bawah pantauan ayahnya, Kyuzaemon, Akio dipersiapkan untuk menjadi pewaris bisnis keluarga. Sebagai mahasiswa, Akio sering dilibatkan dalam rapat perusahaan dengan ayahnya dan ia membantu bisnis keluarga bahkan pada liburan sekolah.","translated_text":"The Morita family owned a brewery for nearly 400 years in Tokoname, near Nagoya. Under the supervision of his father, Kyuzaemon, Akio was prepared to be the heir to the family business. As a student, Akio was often involved in company meetings with his father and he helped the family business even during school holidays.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":336,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sejak usia dini, Akio gemar mengutak-atik peralatan elektronik.","translated_text":"From an early age, Akio was fond of picking up electronics.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":63,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sejak usia dini, Akio gemar mengutak-atik peralatan elektronik. Matematika dan fisika adalah mata pelajaran favorit selama SD dan SMP dan sekolah tinggi.","translated_text":"From an early age, Akio was fond of picking up electronics. Mathematics and physics are favorite subjects during elementary and high school and high school.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":153,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sejak usia dini, Akio gemar mengutak-atik peralatan elektronik. Matematika dan fisika adalah mata pelajaran favorit selama SD dan SMP dan sekolah tinggi. Setelah lulus dari Sekolah Tinggi, ia masuk Jurusan Fisika di Osaka Imperial University.","translated_text":"From an early age, Akio was fond of picking up electronics. Mathematics and physics are favorite subjects during elementary and high school and high school. After graduating from High School, he enrolled in the Physics Department at Osaka Imperial University.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":242,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Ketika ia kembali ke rumah keluarga di Nagoya setelah perang, ketika sebuah artikel tentang laboratorium penelitian didirikan oleh Ibuka muncul dalam kolom surat kabar Asahi disebut, \"Blue Pensil\". Morita diundang untuk bergabung dengan fakultas Institut Teknologi Tokyo oleh salah seorang profesor.","translated_text":"When he returned to his family home in Nagoya after the war, when an article about a research laboratory founded by Ibuka appeared in an Asahi newspaper column called, \"Blue Pencil\". Morita was invited to join the faculty of Tokyo Institute of Technology by one of the professors.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":299,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Ketika ia kembali ke rumah keluarga di Nagoya setelah perang, ketika sebuah artikel tentang laboratorium penelitian didirikan oleh Ibuka muncul dalam kolom surat kabar Asahi disebut, \"Blue Pensil\". Morita diundang untuk bergabung dengan fakultas Institut Teknologi Tokyo oleh salah seorang profesor. Morita mengemasi barang-barangnya dan siap untuk berangkat ke Tokyo.","translated_text":"When he returned to his family home in Nagoya after the war, when an article about a research laboratory founded by Ibuka appeared in an Asahi newspaper column called, \"Blue Pencil\". Morita was invited to join the faculty of Tokyo Institute of Technology by one of the professors. Morita packs her things and is ready to leave for Tokyo.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":368,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Morita mengemasi barang-barangnya dan siap untuk berangkat ke Tokyo. Dengan berakhirnya perang, Ibuka mendirikan Institut Penelitian Telekomunikasi Tokyo untuk memulai awal yang baru. Setelah membaca artikel ini, Morita mengunjungi Ibuka di Tokyo dan mereka memutuskan untuk mendirikan sebuah perusahaan baru bersama.","translated_text":"Morita packs her things and is ready to leave for Tokyo. With the end of the war, Ibuka founded the Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute to start a new beginning. After reading this article, Morita visited Ibuka in Tokyo and they decided to start a new company together.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":317,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 7 Mei, 1946 Ibuka dan Morita mendirikan Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo KK (Tokyo Telekomunikasi Engineering Corporation) dengan sekitar 20 karyawan dan modal awal 190.000 yen.","translated_text":"On May 7, 1946 Ibuka and Morita founded Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo KK (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation) with about 20 employees and an initial capital of 190,000 yen.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 7 Mei, 1946 Ibuka dan Morita mendirikan Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo KK (Tokyo Telekomunikasi Engineering Corporation) dengan sekitar 20 karyawan dan modal awal 190.000 yen. Pada waktu itu, Ibuka berusia 38 tahun dan Morita 25 tahun.","translated_text":"On May 7, 1946 Ibuka and Morita founded Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo KK (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation) with about 20 employees and an initial capital of 190,000 yen. At that time, Ibuka was 38 and Morita was 25.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":237,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Selama kemitraan mereka yang panjang, Ibuka mencurahkan energinya untuk penelitian teknologi dan pengembangan produk, sementara Morita berperan dalam memimpin Sony dalam bidang pemasaran, globalisasi, keuangan dan sumber daya manusia.","translated_text":"During their long-standing partnership, Ibuka devoted her energy to technology research and product development, while Morita was instrumental in leading Sony in marketing, globalization, finance and human resources.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":234,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Selama kemitraan mereka yang panjang, Ibuka mencurahkan energinya untuk penelitian teknologi dan pengembangan produk, sementara Morita berperan dalam memimpin Sony dalam bidang pemasaran, globalisasi, keuangan dan sumber daya manusia. Morita juga mempelopori Sony untuk masuk ke dalam bisnis perangkat lunak, dan dia memberikan kontribusi kepada manajemen perusahaan secara keseluruhan.","translated_text":"During their long-standing partnership, Ibuka devoted her energy to technology research and product development, while Morita was instrumental in leading Sony in marketing, globalization, finance and human resources. Morita also pioneered Sony into the software business, and he contributed to the overall management of the company.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":386,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Mendorong perusahaan untuk mengembangkan usahanya secara global terlihat dalam keputusan untuk mengubah nama perusahaan menjadi Sony pada tahun 1958, sebuah keputusan yang tidak diterima dengan baik di dalam atau di luar perusahaan karena Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo sudah dikenal secara luas.","translated_text":"Encouraging the company to expand its efforts globally was seen in the decision to change the company's name to Sony in 1958, a decision that was not well received either inside or outside the company because Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo was already widely known.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":285,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Mendorong perusahaan untuk mengembangkan usahanya secara global terlihat dalam keputusan untuk mengubah nama perusahaan menjadi Sony pada tahun 1958, sebuah keputusan yang tidak diterima dengan baik di dalam atau di luar perusahaan karena Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo sudah dikenal secara luas. Untuk pandangan semacam itu, Morita menegaskan bahwa sudah saatnya mengubah nama perusahaan agar lebih mudah untuk diucapkan dan diingat, agar perusahaan dapat tumbuh dan meningkatkan persaingan perusahaan secara global.","translated_text":"Encouraging the company to expand its efforts globally was seen in the decision to change the company's name to Sony in 1958, a decision that was not well received either inside or outside the company because Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo was already widely known. For such a view, Morita insisted that it was time to change the name of the company to make it easier to say and remember, so that the company could grow and increase corporate competitiveness globally.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":506,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Mendorong perusahaan untuk mengembangkan usahanya secara global terlihat dalam keputusan untuk mengubah nama perusahaan menjadi Sony pada tahun 1958, sebuah keputusan yang tidak diterima dengan baik di dalam atau di luar perusahaan karena Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo sudah dikenal secara luas. Untuk pandangan semacam itu, Morita menegaskan bahwa sudah saatnya mengubah nama perusahaan agar lebih mudah untuk diucapkan dan diingat, agar perusahaan dapat tumbuh dan meningkatkan persaingan perusahaan secara global. Selain itu, Morita beralasan bahwa suatu saat perusahaan akan membuat produk-produk baru selain elektronik dan nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo akan tidak lagi sesuai.","translated_text":"Encouraging the company to expand its efforts globally was seen in the decision to change the company's name to Sony in 1958, a decision that was not well received either inside or outside the company because Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo was already widely known. For such a view, Morita insisted that it was time to change the name of the company to make it easier to say and remember, so that the company could grow and increase corporate competitiveness globally. Moreover, Morita argues that at some point the company will make new products besides electronics and the name Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo will no longer fit.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":666,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Untuk pandangan semacam itu, Morita menegaskan bahwa sudah saatnya mengubah nama perusahaan agar lebih mudah untuk diucapkan dan diingat, agar perusahaan dapat tumbuh dan meningkatkan persaingan perusahaan secara global. Selain itu, Morita beralasan bahwa suatu saat perusahaan akan membuat produk-produk baru selain elektronik dan nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo akan tidak lagi sesuai. Oleh karena itu, ia mengubah namanya menjadi Sony Corporation dan memutuskan untuk menulis 'Sony' dalam abjad katakana (alfabet Jepang yang biasanya digunakan untuk menulis nama asing), sesuatu yang belum pernah terjadi pada waktu itu.","translated_text":"For such a view, Morita insisted that it was time to change the name of the company to make it easier to say and remember, so that the company could grow and increase corporate competitiveness globally. Moreover, Morita argues that at some point the company will make new products besides electronics and the name Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo will no longer fit. Therefore, he changed his name to Sony Corporation and decided to write 'Sony' in the katakana alphabet (the Japanese alphabet commonly used to write foreign names), something that had never happened at the time.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":616,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1960, Sony Corporation of America didirikan di Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"In 1960, the Sony Corporation of America was founded in the United States.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":74,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1960, Sony Corporation of America didirikan di Amerika Serikat. Morita memutuskan untuk pindah ke AS bersama keluarganya dan memimpin untuk membuat pangsa pasar baru bagi perusahaan. Dia percaya bahwa Sony harus mengembangkan distribusi penjualan sendiri secara langsung, bukan mengandalkan dealer lokal.","translated_text":"In 1960, the Sony Corporation of America was founded in the United States. Morita decided to move to the U.S. with his family and lead the way in creating new market share for the company. He believes that Sony should develop its own direct sales distribution, rather than relying on local dealers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Japan\">{{{{cite book|last = Weston|first = Mark|title = \"Giants of Japan: the Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women\"|url = https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west|publisher = Kodansha America|location = New York|date = July 1999|isbn = 1568362862 }}</ref>","char_index":315,"name":"Japan","url":"https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv00west","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220611,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:26:40.546657-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Banyak produk yang telah diluncurkan sepanjang sejarah Sony dapat dikatakan bahwa itu semua berkat kreativitas dan ide-ide inovatif dari Morita.","translated_text":"Many products that have been launched throughout Sony's history can be said to be all thanks to Morita's creativity and innovative ideas.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":144,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Banyak produk yang telah diluncurkan sepanjang sejarah Sony dapat dikatakan bahwa itu semua berkat kreativitas dan ide-ide inovatif dari Morita. Ide -idenya melahirkan gaya hidup yang sama sekali baru, dan ini jelas terlihat dari produk-produk seperti Walkman dan perekam kaset video.","translated_text":"Many products that have been launched throughout Sony's history can be said to be all thanks to Morita's creativity and innovative ideas. The idea - her idea gave birth to an entirely new lifestyle, and this is clearly evident from products like Walkman and videotape recorders.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":284,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morita juga menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk melepaskan diri dari pemikiran konvensional di sektor keuangan, ketika Sony mengeluarkan American Depositary di Amerika Serikat pada 1961.","translated_text":"Morita also demonstrated his ability to break away from conventional thinking in the financial sector, when Sony issued the American Depositary in the United States in 1961.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":181,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morita juga menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk melepaskan diri dari pemikiran konvensional di sektor keuangan, ketika Sony mengeluarkan American Depositary di Amerika Serikat pada 1961. Ini adalah pertama kalinya bahwa sebuah perusahaan Jepang telah menawarkan saham di New York Stock Exchange, dan ini memungkinkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan modal tidak hanya di Jepang.","translated_text":"Morita also demonstrated his ability to break away from conventional thinking in the financial sector, when Sony issued the American Depositary in the United States in 1961. This is the first time that a Japanese company has offered shares on the New York Stock Exchange, and this allows the company to raise capital not only in Japan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":370,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morita juga menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk melepaskan diri dari pemikiran konvensional di sektor keuangan, ketika Sony mengeluarkan American Depositary di Amerika Serikat pada 1961. Ini adalah pertama kalinya bahwa sebuah perusahaan Jepang telah menawarkan saham di New York Stock Exchange, dan ini memungkinkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan modal tidak hanya di Jepang. Sony membuka jalan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan Jepang untuk meningkatkan modal asing, pada saat praktik umum manajemen Jepang adalah untuk meminjam dana dari bank.","translated_text":"Morita also demonstrated his ability to break away from conventional thinking in the financial sector, when Sony issued the American Depositary in the United States in 1961. This is the first time that a Japanese company has offered shares on the New York Stock Exchange, and this allows the company to raise capital not only in Japan. Sony paved the way for Japanese companies to raise foreign capital, at a time when the general practice of Japanese management was to borrow funds from banks.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":533,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mengubah nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo ke Sony menunjukkan, Morita sangat ingin diversifikasi operasi Sony di luar bisnis elektronik.","translated_text":"Changing Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo's name to Sony indicates that Morita is keen to diversify Sony's operations beyond the electronics business.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mengubah nama Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo ke Sony menunjukkan, Morita sangat ingin diversifikasi operasi Sony di luar bisnis elektronik. Pada tahun 1968, perusahaan perangkat lunak memasuki bisnis musik di Jepang dengan mendirikan CBS / Sony Group Inc bersama-sama dengan CBS, Inc Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Changing Tsushin Tokyo Kogyo's name to Sony indicates that Morita is keen to diversify Sony's operations beyond the electronics business. In 1968, the software company entered the music business in Japan by founding CBS/Sony Group Inc. together with CBS, Inc. United States.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":289,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1968, perusahaan perangkat lunak memasuki bisnis musik di Jepang dengan mendirikan CBS / Sony Group Inc bersama-sama dengan CBS, Inc Amerika Serikat. Kemudian pada tahun 1979, Sony memasuki bisnis keuangan di Jepang dengan mendirikan Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co Ltd, perusahaan patungan 50-50 dengan The Prudential Life Insurance Co of America. Selanjutnya, Sony mengakuisisi CBS Records Inc pada tahun 1988.","translated_text":"In 1968, the software company entered the music business in Japan by founding CBS/Sony Group Inc. together with CBS, Inc. United States. Later in 1979, Sony entered the financial business in Japan by founding Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co Ltd, a 50-50 joint venture with The Prudential Life Insurance Co of America. Sony subsequently acquired CBS Records Inc. in 1988.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":425,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemudian pada tahun 1979, Sony memasuki bisnis keuangan di Jepang dengan mendirikan Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co Ltd, perusahaan patungan 50-50 dengan The Prudential Life Insurance Co of America. Selanjutnya, Sony mengakuisisi CBS Records Inc pada tahun 1988. Tahun berikutnya, Sony mengakuisisi Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk menjadi perusahaan entertainment yang komprehensif yang memiliki kualitas perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras yang sangat baik.","translated_text":"Later in 1979, Sony entered the financial business in Japan by founding Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co Ltd, a 50-50 joint venture with The Prudential Life Insurance Co of America. Sony subsequently acquired CBS Records Inc. in 1988. The following year, Sony acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc., enabling the company to become a comprehensive entertainment company with excellent software and hardware quality.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":496,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain mengelola Sony, Morita aktif dalam membangun jembatan budaya antara Jepang dan di luar negeri sebagai Wakil Ketua Keidanren (apan Federation of Economic Organizations) dan sebagai anggota dari Hubungan Ekonomi Group Jepang-AS, lebih dikenal sebagai \" Wise Men's Group\".","translated_text":"In addition to managing Sony, Morita is active in building cultural bridges between Japan and abroad as the Vice Chairman of Keidanren (the governing body of the Federation of Economic Organizations) and as a member of the Japan-U.S. Economic Relations Group, better known as the \"Wise Men's Group\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":276,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain mengelola Sony, Morita aktif dalam membangun jembatan budaya antara Jepang dan di luar negeri sebagai Wakil Ketua Keidanren (apan Federation of Economic Organizations) dan sebagai anggota dari Hubungan Ekonomi Group Jepang-AS, lebih dikenal sebagai \" Wise Men's Group\". Dia berperan penting dalam mengurangi friksi perdagangan antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat, dan melalui publikasi produknya dengan kalimat seperti Made In Jepang, ia menjadi, \"salah satu orang Jepang paling terkenal di AS.","translated_text":"In addition to managing Sony, Morita is active in building cultural bridges between Japan and abroad as the Vice Chairman of Keidanren (the governing body of the Federation of Economic Organizations) and as a member of the Japan-U.S. Economic Relations Group, better known as the \"Wise Men's Group\". He was instrumental in reducing trade friction between Japan and the United States, and through his product publication with sentences such as Made In Japan, he became, \"one of the most famous Japanese people in the US.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":499,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morita adalah orang Jepang pertama yang dianugerahi Medali Albert dari United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts pada tahun 1982.","translated_text":"Morita was the first Japanese to be awarded the Albert Medal of the United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts in 1982.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":126,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morita adalah orang Jepang pertama yang dianugerahi Medali Albert dari United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts pada tahun 1982. Pada tahun 1984, ia menerima penghargaan dari National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur), yang tertinggi dan paling bergengsi dari Prancis, dan pada tahun 1991, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure dari Kaisar Jepang.","translated_text":"Morita was the first Japanese to be awarded the Albert Medal of the United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts in 1982. In 1984, he received the award of the National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur), France's highest and most prestigious, and in 1991, he was awarded the First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure from the Emperor of Japan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":410,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morita adalah orang Jepang pertama yang dianugerahi Medali Albert dari United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts pada tahun 1982. Pada tahun 1984, ia menerima penghargaan dari National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur), yang tertinggi dan paling bergengsi dari Prancis, dan pada tahun 1991, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure dari Kaisar Jepang. Selain itu, Morita menerima sejumlah penghargaan dari negara-negara seperti Austria, Belgia, Brasil, Jerman, Spanyol, Belanda, dan Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Morita was the first Japanese to be awarded the Albert Medal of the United Kingdom's Royal Society of Arts in 1982. In 1984, he received the award of the National Order of the Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur), France's highest and most prestigious, and in 1991, he was awarded the First Class Order of the Sacred Treasure from the Emperor of Japan. In addition, Morita received a number of awards from countries such as Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United States.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>","char_index":558,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akio Morita Library Time magazine profile Sony Biographical notes PBS notes Full Biography at World of Biography Sony Encyclopedia Article Akio Morita's Early Life","translated_text":"Akio Morita Library Time magazine profile Sony Biographical notes PBS notes Full Biography at World of Biography Sony Encyclopedia Article Akio Morita's Early Life is also included.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504141056/http://www.time.com/time/time100/builder/profile/morita.html |date=2009-05-04 }}","char_index":42,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090504141056/http://www.time.com/time/time100/builder/profile/morita.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.769145-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113225806/http://www.worldofbiography.com/9078-Akio%20Morita/ |date=2019-11-13 }}","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191113225806/http://www.worldofbiography.com/9078-Akio%20Morita/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.839056-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Peter O’Leary","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Peter O'Leary]]","hash":"4e54a93929ba0b590891ae77b404735b990c7fb8efe4624fe248162da607d926","last_revision":"2010-06-13T16:34:57Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:34:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.463954","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Peter O'Leary\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Peter O'Leary","translated_text":"This is Peter O'Leary.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Konosuke Matsushita","wikicode":"{{infobox person/Wikidata \n|fetchwikidata =ALL\n|name = Konosuke Matsushita\n|native_name = 松下 幸之助\n|image = Konosuke Matsushita 01.jpg\n|birth_date = {{Birth date|1894|11|27}}\n|birth_place = [[Wakayama, Wakayama|Wakayama]], [[Prefektur Wakayama|Wakayama]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang|Jepang]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|4|27|1894|11|27}}\n|death_place = Moriguchi, [[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]], [[Jepang]]\n|occupation = Pengusaha dan industrialis\n| awards = {{plainlist|\n*[[Order of the Sacred Treasure]]\n*[[Order of the Rising Sun]] (29 April 1981)\n*[[Order of the Paulownia Flowers]] (29 April 1987)\n*[[Order of the Defender of the Realm]] (Panglima Mangku Negara which carries the title \"Tan Sri\")\n*[[Medals of Honor (Japan)|Medal with Blue Ribbon]]\n*[[Medals of Honor (Japan)|Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon]]\n*Honorary Commander of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm#Commander|Order of the Defender of the Realm]]\n}}\n| signature =\n}}\n'''Konosuke Matsushita''' ({{lahirmati||27|11|1894||27|4|1989}}) adalah orang yang berada di balik berdirinya [[Panasonic]] hingga menjadi sebuah [[perusahaan]] yang besar saat ini.<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref> Matsushita lahir dalam keluarga sederhana di [[desa]] [[Wasa]], [[Jepang]], pada tanggal 27 [[November]] 1894.<ref name=\"matsushita\" /> Ketika ia tumbuh menjadi dewasa, Ia adalah seorang yang cenderung penutup dan agak sakit-sakitan, sehingga menjadikannya memiliki masa depan yang tidak jelas.<ref name=\"matsushita\" /> Ia sepertinya ditakdirkan untuk hidup dengan penuh perjuangan.<ref name=\"matsushita\" /> Anak [[bungsu]] dari delapan anak.<ref name=\"matsushita\" /> Pada usia sembilan tahun, ia bekerja di toko [[sepeda]] untuk membantu [[keluarga]] bertahan hidup.<ref name=\"matsushita\" />\n\n== Masa kanak-kanak ==\nKonosuke Matsushita lahir pada 27 November 1894, di sebuah desa terpencil berjarak sekitar lima menit, jika ditempuh dengan berjalan kaki dari [[Senda]], stasiun kereta api tanpa penjaga di jalur [[JR Wakayama]] ([[Negi]], Prefektur [[Wakayama]]). Sang ayah Masakusu dan ibu Tokue sangat sayang dan memanjakan [[bungsu]] dari delapan bersaudara yang terdiri dari tiga putra dan lima putri itu. Nama keluarga Matsushita, yang berarti \"di bawah pohon [[pinus]]\", konon didapat karena rumah mereka bernaung di bawah pohon [[pinus]] besar berusia 800 tahun. Sebagai pemilik tanah pertanian kecil, keluarga tersebut termasuk kelas atas dalam masyarakat. Masa kanak-kanak Konosuke sendiri sangat damai dan menyenangkan, penuh permainan dan kegiatan memancing di sungai bersama pengasuhnya. Sayangnya, ketenangan itu tidak berlangsung lama.\n\nKarena tanah pertaniannya digarap oleh petani sewaan, sang ayah Masakusu menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya untuk politik dan aktivitas pemerintahan lokal. Ia adalah tipe orang yang gemar bereksperimen dengan sesuatu yang baru dan berbeda, termasuk berspekulasi di pasar [[beras]], yang saat itu terlihat menjanjikan keuntungan yang cepat dan pasti. Tapi Masakusu tidak punya pengetahuan banyak mengenai investasi yang baik sehingga dia terus merugi dan akhirnya bangkrut sama sekali. Keluarga itu terpaksa menjual tanah dan rumah yang sudah diwariskan turun menurun itu dan harus meninggalkan desa untuk bekerja di kota terdekat, yaitu [[Wakayama]]. Dengan sisa uang sedikit setelah membayar [[utang]] dan atas pertolongan seorang kawan. Masakusu pun membuka toko [[bakiak]] kayu. Namun usaha itu amblas dua tahun kemudian. Pada 1902, ia pergi seorang diri ke [[Osaka]] untuk bekerja di sekolah swasta yang baru dibuka untuk anak-anak [[tuna netra]] dan [[tuna grahita]].<ref name=\"matsushita\" />\n\n== Tahun Remaja ==\nKonosuke menempuh pendidikan dasar di [[Wakayama]], dan guru kesayangannya Tuan Murakami, yang mengantarnya bermain [[Shogi]] (catur Jepang). Sebelum naik ke kelas lima, ayahnya menyuratinya, mengatakan ada lowongan untuk magang di sebuah toko [[hibachi]] (tungku batubara) milik kenalan baiknya bernama Tuan Miyata. Di musim gugur, ibunya mengantar ke stasiun [[Kinokawa]] untuk naik kereta ke [[Osaka]]. Hatinya sedih karena harus berpisah dengan ibunya, tetapi senang karena baru pertama kali naik kereta. Tugas di toko tersebut membersihkan toko saat dini hari, mengelap tungku-tungku sambil menjaga anak-anak pemilik toko. Dia mendapat uang saku lima sen dua kali sebulan setiap tanggal 1 dan 15.<ref name=\"matsushita\" />\n\nToko Hibachi Miyata tutup tiga bulan setelah Konosuke magang di situ. Tapi sang pemilik mengatur segala sesuatunya sehingga Konosuke dapat bekerja di toko sepeda milik kenalan Miyata bernama Godai Otokichi. Pada saat itu, sepeda kebanyakan diimpor dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Inggris]] dan masih menjadi barang mewah yang harganya 100 sampai 150 yen dan suatu penemuan terakhir pada peradaban modern saat itu. Tuan dan Nyonya Godai serta para pekerja yang lebih tua menyayanginya, dan memanggilnya dengan sebutan \"Ko-kichi\" atau \"Kokichi-don\".\n\nPada tahun 1906, ibu dan kakak-kakak perempuan Konosuke meninggalkan [[Wakayama]] dan pindah ke [[Tenma]], bagian selatan dari Kota [[Osaka]]. Sang ibu, Tokue, ingin putra bungsunya tinggal bersama mereka dan mengusulkan agar dia bekerja sebagai penjaga toko di siang hari dan sekolah di malam hari. Tapi ditolak ayahnya Masakusu sambil berkata, \"Kau harus meneruskan masa magangmu, karena tak lama lagi kau dapat memulai usahamu sendiri dan menjadi mandiri. Aku yakin ini adalah jalan terbaik untukmu\". Konosuke menuruti saran ayahnya. (Belakangan, setelah menjadi usahawan yang sukses, ia mengatakan, \"Sekarang saya sadar kebenaran perkataan ayah saya dan betapa saya mendapatkan manfaat banyak dari jalan yang ia tunjukkan pada saya\".). Pada September 1906, Masakusu jatuh sakit dan meninggal hanya beberapa hari kemudian. Ia berusia 51 tahun. Karena kedua abang Konosuke telah wafat sebelumnya, kematian Masakusu menjadikan Konosuke yang berumur 11 tahun menjadi kepala keluarga.\n\nKonosuke membantu kepala pramuniaga memamerkan sepeda kepada pembeli. Padahal ia ingin sekali menjual sepeda, tetapi dianggap terlalu berat untuk pegawai muda yang magang, sehingga kesempatan itu lama datangnya. Suatu saat, kepala pramuniaga sedang keluar dan ada telepon dari seseorang ingin melihat-lihat sepeda. Konosuke mendapat kesempatan menjual sepeda dan membawa ke calon pembeli serta dengan semangat mempromosikannya. \"Kau anak muda yang antusias dan menarik perhatian\", ujar pria bernama Tetsukawa. Sebenarnya Tetsukawa ingin dapat diskon 10 persen, tetapi akhirnya terjual dengan diskon 5 persen. Ini adalah kebanggaan pertama yang dikenang selalu.\n\n== Perusahaan Industri Elektronik Matsuhisa ==\nSistem lori di Kota [[Osaka]] mulai beroperasi pada 1903 dan jaringan jalur lori di seluruh kota selesai dibangun pada 1909. Dengan adanya lori-lori tersebut, Konosuke berpikir bahwa masa depan [[sepeda]] tidak akan begitu cerah. Konosuke memutuskan keluar dan melamar ke [[Osaka Electric Light Company]] dengan pertolongan abang iparnya. Konosuke harus menunggu tiga bulan sampai ada lowongan di perusahaan [[listrik]] itu. Selama menunggu, dia berhenti bekerja di [[toko]] [[sepeda]], dan bekerja sebagai operator [[truk]] tangan di perusahaan [[semen]]. Pada 21 Oktober 1910, Konosuke direkrut oleh [[Osaka Electric Light Company]] untuk bekerja di bagian pemasangan [[listrik]] dalam ruangan di kantor cabang [[Saiwaicho]]. Sebagai asisten teknisi yang memasang [[listrik]] di rumah dan kantor, Konosuke pergi ke sana kemari dengan membawa gerobak roda dua berisi aneka alat dan perkakas. Karena berbakat, maka dalam tiga bulan ia naik pangkat menjadi teknisi instalasi, posisi yang biasanya diberikan setelah bekerja setahun. Kemudian ia dipindahkan ke kantor cabang baru di bagian lain Kota [[Osaka]].\n\nAntara umur 16 sampai ia menikah umur 20, Konosuke tinggal di rumah salah satu teman kerjanya. Ia senang bekerja sampai lupa sekolah kembali. Atas desakan teman-temannya, ia [[sekolah]] lagi di [[Kansai]] Commercial and Industrial School, satu-satunya [[sekolah]] malam di [[Osaka]] saat itu. Dia bergabung dalam kelas berisikan 500 murid. Setahun kemudian, sekitar 380 orang lulus program dan Konosuke mendapat peringkat ke-175. Ia melanjutkan ke program reguler dengan jurusan teknik elektro. Para instruktur tidak menggunakan buku teks, sehingga murid harus rajin menulis. Konosuke tidak sanggup dengan metode itu dan akhirnya putus [[sekolah]].\n\nProyek besar yang pernah ditangani Konosuke saat menjadi teknisi pemasangan [[listrik]] adalah sambungan [[listrik]] untuk papan nama berlampu di [[resor]] pemandian tepi pantai di [[Taman]] [[Hamadera]] di [[Sakai]] (1912). Proyek besar lainnya adalah pemasangan [[listrik]] di [[Menara]] [[Tsutenkaku]], yang dibangun di [[distrik]] [[Shinsekai]] pada 1912. Karena fisiknya memang lemah sejak lahir, maka jatuhlah dia. Lendir pun mulai memenuhi rongga [[paru-paru]]nya.\n\nIbu Konosuke wafat pada 1913, dan saat ia berusia 20 tahun, kakak tertuanya mendesak untuk segera menikah. Kakaknya mengatur pertemuan dengan seorang perempuan bernama Mumeno. Pertemuan itu pada Mei 1915 di jalan depan Teater [[Yachiyo]] di daerah [[Osaka]]. Akhirnya mereka menikah pada tanggal 4 September 1915 saat Mumeno berusia 19 tahun, dan tinggal di [[Ikaino]] sekarang menjadi distrik [[Ikuno]].\n\nKonosuke adalah teknisi muda yang handal. Pada musim semi 1917, dia dipromosikan menjadi inspektur yang tugasnya memeriksa kualitas pekerjaan teknisi dan memutuskan bagian yang mana yang harus diperbaiki. Tapi ada dua kendala, pertama kurang ada tantangan, kedua kesehatannya tidak mendukung karena paru-parunya sering bermasalah. Selain itu dia merasa kurang dihargai di [[Osaka Electric Light Company]]. Di waktu senggang dia kembali menekuni merancang stop kontak yang sudah dia lakukan sebelum menjadi inspektur. Dari sini ada pemikiran untuk usaha sendiri dan adanya keharusan untuk sering istirahat di rumah demi kesehatan, maka dia keluar dari perusahaan listrik tersebut, tepatnya 15 Juni 1917. Dengan hanya modal kurang lebih 100 yen dia mulai melakukan usahanya di dalam rumah petaknya yang berukuran 4,5 [[tatami]] (sekitar 9 meter persegi) dibantu bekas dua koleganya di [[Osaka Electric Light Company]] dan adiknya Mumeno yang berusia 12 tahun, Iue Toshio (yang kemudian mendirikan [[Sanyo]] Electric Co., Ltd.). Toshio baru saja lulus dari sekolah dasar di pulau [[Awaji]].\n\n== Kehidupan ==\nMatsushita bahkan mungkin akan melakukan itu juga.<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref> Namun, selama bekerja di [[Osaka Light]], dia berhasil membuat sebuah jenis baru dari soket [[lampu]], yang lebih baik dari yang telah ada pada saat itu.<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Matsushita menunjukkan penemuan kepada bosnya, sehingga membuat bosnya terkesan.<ref name=\"panasonic\" />\n\nPada saat itu Matsushita tidak memiliki [[uang]] dan tidak mempunyai pengalaman [[bisnis]] yang nyata, tetapi dia memiliki daya kreativitas dan keinginan yang kuat.<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Jadi, tahun 1917, dia memutuskan untuk memproduksi perangkat itu sendiri.<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Dengan bantuan [[istri]] dan tiga [[asisten]], dengan penuh semangat Matsushita memulai usahanya.<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Dengan bekal [[pendidikan]] tingkat lima yang saat itu masih di bawah dari [[pendidikan]] [[sekolah]] tinggi, dan tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam pembuatan sebuah steker [[listrik]].<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Tapi mereka memiliki kemauan yang besar.<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Dalam sebuah [[rumah]] rumah petak sempit dua kamar, mereka bekerja berjam-jam, tujuh hari dalam seminggu. Setelah beberapa bulan mereka menjadi sangat kurus karena [[bekerja]] tanpa lelah, dengan usaha keras akhirnya mereka berhasil menyelesaikan beberapa contoh [[produk]] baru.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/konosuke-matsushita</ref> Saat itulah [[perusahaan]] yang bernama [[Panasonic]] berdiri.<ref name=\"panasonic\" /> Tidak seberapa terkenal seperti [[Sam Walton]] atau [[Henry Ford]] atau [[Honda]] atau raksasa [[bisnis]] lain yang menggunakan nama-namanya pada [[produk]] mereka. Tapi perusahaannya, [[Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd]], telah menghasilkan pendapatan yang luar biasa selama hidupnya daripada yang lain. Meskipun lebih dikenal di luar tanah kelahirannya, [[Jepang]], penjualan perusahaannya akhirnya melebihi enam puluh tiga miliar dolar setiap tahunnya.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{sisterlinks|Konosuke Matsushita}}\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Milyarder Jepang]]\n[[Kategori:Bilyuner Jepang]]\n[[Kategori:Pengusaha Jepang]]\n[[Kategori:Korporasi Panasonic]]\n[[Kategori:Panasonic Corporation]]\n[[Kategori:Orang dari Wakayama, Wakayama]]\n[[Kategori:Penerima Orde Bunga Paulownia dengan Matahari Terbit]]\n[[Kategori:Penemu Jepang]]","hash":"6c56d62e39f5dbae85ab38cfc79759a1383071d737ab32aa3ec0eab48f00d27d","last_revision":"2024-03-02T10:48:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:36:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.526678","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"كونوسكه ماتسوشيتا","arz":"كونوسكه ماتسوشيتا","az":"Konosuke Matsuşita","be":"Каносукэ Мацусіта","bn":"কোনোসুকে মাতসুসিতা","bs":"Konosuke Matsushita","ceb":"Konosuke Matsushita","cs":"Kónosuke Macušita","de":"Matsushita Kōnosuke","en":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","eo":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","es":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","fa":"ماتسوشیتا کونوسوکه","fi":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","fr":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","fy":"Konosuke Matsushita","gl":"Konosuke Matsushita","gu":"કોનોસુકે મત્સુશિતા","io":"Konosuke Matsushita","it":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","ja":"松下幸之助","jv":"Konosuke Matsushita","ka":"კონოსუკე მაცუშიტა","km":"ម៉ាត្សឹស៊ីតា ខូណុស្កិ","ko":"마쓰시타 고노스케","ku":"Konosuke Matsushita","mg":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","ml":"കൊനോസുക് മത്സുഷിറ്റ","mn":"Кооносүкэ Мацушита","mr":"कोनोसुके मात्सुशिता","ms":"Konosuke Matsushita","ne":"कोनोसुके मात्सुसिता","nl":"Konosuke Matsushita","pl":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","pt":"Konosuke Matsushita","ro":"Konosuke Matsushita","ru":"Мацусита, Коносукэ","sh":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","simple":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","sk":"Kónosuke Macušita","sq":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","su":"Konosuke Matsushita","sv":"Konosuke Matsushita","tly":"Matsusita Konosuke","tr":"Kōnosuke Matsushita","uk":"Мацусіта Коносуке","ur":"کونوسوکے ماتسوشیتا","uz":"Konosuke Matsushita","vi":"Matsushita Kōnosuke","yi":"קאָנאָסוקע מאַצושיטאַ","zh":"松下幸之助","zh-classical":"松下幸之助","zh-min-nan":"Matusita Kônosuke","zh-yue":"松下幸之助"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Konosuke Matsushita () adalah orang yang berada di balik berdirinya Panasonic hingga menjadi sebuah perusahaan yang besar saat ini. Matsushita lahir dalam keluarga sederhana di desa Wasa, Jepang, pada tanggal 27 November 1894. Ketika ia tumbuh menjadi dewasa, Ia adalah seorang yang cenderung penutup dan agak sakit-sakitan, sehingga menjadikannya memiliki masa depan yang tidak jelas. Ia sepertinya ditakdirkan untuk hidup dengan penuh perjuangan. Anak bungsu dari delapan anak. Pada usia sembilan tahun, ia bekerja di toko sepeda untuk membantu keluarga bertahan hidup.\n\nKonosuke Matsushita lahir pada 27 November 1894, di sebuah desa terpencil berjarak sekitar lima menit, jika ditempuh dengan berjalan kaki dari Senda, stasiun kereta api tanpa penjaga di jalur JR Wakayama (Negi, Prefektur Wakayama). Sang ayah Masakusu dan ibu Tokue sangat sayang dan memanjakan bungsu dari delapan bersaudara yang terdiri dari tiga putra dan lima putri itu. Nama keluarga Matsushita, yang berarti \"di bawah pohon pinus\", konon didapat karena rumah mereka bernaung di bawah pohon pinus besar berusia 800 tahun. Sebagai pemilik tanah pertanian kecil, keluarga tersebut termasuk kelas atas dalam masyarakat. Masa kanak-kanak Konosuke sendiri sangat damai dan menyenangkan, penuh permainan dan kegiatan memancing di sungai bersama pengasuhnya. Sayangnya, ketenangan itu tidak berlangsung lama.\n\nKarena tanah pertaniannya digarap oleh petani sewaan, sang ayah Masakusu menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya untuk politik dan aktivitas pemerintahan lokal. Ia adalah tipe orang yang gemar bereksperimen dengan sesuatu yang baru dan berbeda, termasuk berspekulasi di pasar beras, yang saat itu terlihat menjanjikan keuntungan yang cepat dan pasti. Tapi Masakusu tidak punya pengetahuan banyak mengenai investasi yang baik sehingga dia terus merugi dan akhirnya bangkrut sama sekali. Keluarga itu terpaksa menjual tanah dan rumah yang sudah diwariskan turun menurun itu dan harus meninggalkan desa untuk bekerja di kota terdekat, yaitu Wakayama. Dengan sisa uang sedikit setelah membayar utang dan atas pertolongan seorang kawan. Masakusu pun membuka toko bakiak kayu. Namun usaha itu amblas dua tahun kemudian. Pada 1902, ia pergi seorang diri ke Osaka untuk bekerja di sekolah swasta yang baru dibuka untuk anak-anak tuna netra dan tuna grahita.\n\nKonosuke menempuh pendidikan dasar di Wakayama, dan guru kesayangannya Tuan Murakami, yang mengantarnya bermain Shogi (catur Jepang). Sebelum naik ke kelas lima, ayahnya menyuratinya, mengatakan ada lowongan untuk magang di sebuah toko hibachi (tungku batubara) milik kenalan baiknya bernama Tuan Miyata. Di musim gugur, ibunya mengantar ke stasiun Kinokawa untuk naik kereta ke Osaka. Hatinya sedih karena harus berpisah dengan ibunya, tetapi senang karena baru pertama kali naik kereta. Tugas di toko tersebut membersihkan toko saat dini hari, mengelap tungku-tungku sambil menjaga anak-anak pemilik toko. Dia mendapat uang saku lima sen dua kali sebulan setiap tanggal 1 dan 15.\n\nToko Hibachi Miyata tutup tiga bulan setelah Konosuke magang di situ. Tapi sang pemilik mengatur segala sesuatunya sehingga Konosuke dapat bekerja di toko sepeda milik kenalan Miyata bernama Godai Otokichi. Pada saat itu, sepeda kebanyakan diimpor dari Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dan masih menjadi barang mewah yang harganya 100 sampai 150 yen dan suatu penemuan terakhir pada peradaban modern saat itu. Tuan dan Nyonya Godai serta para pekerja yang lebih tua menyayanginya, dan memanggilnya dengan sebutan \"Ko-kichi\" atau \"Kokichi-don\".\n\nPada tahun 1906, ibu dan kakak-kakak perempuan Konosuke meninggalkan Wakayama dan pindah ke Tenma, bagian selatan dari Kota Osaka. Sang ibu, Tokue, ingin putra bungsunya tinggal bersama mereka dan mengusulkan agar dia bekerja sebagai penjaga toko di siang hari dan sekolah di malam hari. Tapi ditolak ayahnya Masakusu sambil berkata, \"Kau harus meneruskan masa magangmu, karena tak lama lagi kau dapat memulai usahamu sendiri dan menjadi mandiri. Aku yakin ini adalah jalan terbaik untukmu\". Konosuke menuruti saran ayahnya. (Belakangan, setelah menjadi usahawan yang sukses, ia mengatakan, \"Sekarang saya sadar kebenaran perkataan ayah saya dan betapa saya mendapatkan manfaat banyak dari jalan yang ia tunjukkan pada saya\".). Pada September 1906, Masakusu jatuh sakit dan meninggal hanya beberapa hari kemudian. Ia berusia 51 tahun. Karena kedua abang Konosuke telah wafat sebelumnya, kematian Masakusu menjadikan Konosuke yang berumur 11 tahun menjadi kepala keluarga.\n\nKonosuke membantu kepala pramuniaga memamerkan sepeda kepada pembeli. Padahal ia ingin sekali menjual sepeda, tetapi dianggap terlalu berat untuk pegawai muda yang magang, sehingga kesempatan itu lama datangnya. Suatu saat, kepala pramuniaga sedang keluar dan ada telepon dari seseorang ingin melihat-lihat sepeda. Konosuke mendapat kesempatan menjual sepeda dan membawa ke calon pembeli serta dengan semangat mempromosikannya. \"Kau anak muda yang antusias dan menarik perhatian\", ujar pria bernama Tetsukawa. Sebenarnya Tetsukawa ingin dapat diskon 10 persen, tetapi akhirnya terjual dengan diskon 5 persen. Ini adalah kebanggaan pertama yang dikenang selalu.\n\nSistem lori di Kota Osaka mulai beroperasi pada 1903 dan jaringan jalur lori di seluruh kota selesai dibangun pada 1909. Dengan adanya lori-lori tersebut, Konosuke berpikir bahwa masa depan sepeda tidak akan begitu cerah. Konosuke memutuskan keluar dan melamar ke Osaka Electric Light Company dengan pertolongan abang iparnya. Konosuke harus menunggu tiga bulan sampai ada lowongan di perusahaan listrik itu. Selama menunggu, dia berhenti bekerja di toko sepeda, dan bekerja sebagai operator truk tangan di perusahaan semen. Pada 21 Oktober 1910, Konosuke direkrut oleh Osaka Electric Light Company untuk bekerja di bagian pemasangan listrik dalam ruangan di kantor cabang Saiwaicho. Sebagai asisten teknisi yang memasang listrik di rumah dan kantor, Konosuke pergi ke sana kemari dengan membawa gerobak roda dua berisi aneka alat dan perkakas. Karena berbakat, maka dalam tiga bulan ia naik pangkat menjadi teknisi instalasi, posisi yang biasanya diberikan setelah bekerja setahun. Kemudian ia dipindahkan ke kantor cabang baru di bagian lain Kota Osaka.\n\nAntara umur 16 sampai ia menikah umur 20, Konosuke tinggal di rumah salah satu teman kerjanya. Ia senang bekerja sampai lupa sekolah kembali. Atas desakan teman-temannya, ia sekolah lagi di Kansai Commercial and Industrial School, satu-satunya sekolah malam di Osaka saat itu. Dia bergabung dalam kelas berisikan 500 murid. Setahun kemudian, sekitar 380 orang lulus program dan Konosuke mendapat peringkat ke-175. Ia melanjutkan ke program reguler dengan jurusan teknik elektro. Para instruktur tidak menggunakan buku teks, sehingga murid harus rajin menulis. Konosuke tidak sanggup dengan metode itu dan akhirnya putus sekolah.\n\nProyek besar yang pernah ditangani Konosuke saat menjadi teknisi pemasangan listrik adalah sambungan listrik untuk papan nama berlampu di resor pemandian tepi pantai di Taman Hamadera di Sakai (1912). Proyek besar lainnya adalah pemasangan listrik di Menara Tsutenkaku, yang dibangun di distrik Shinsekai pada 1912. Karena fisiknya memang lemah sejak lahir, maka jatuhlah dia. Lendir pun mulai memenuhi rongga paru-parunya.\n\nIbu Konosuke wafat pada 1913, dan saat ia berusia 20 tahun, kakak tertuanya mendesak untuk segera menikah. Kakaknya mengatur pertemuan dengan seorang perempuan bernama Mumeno. Pertemuan itu pada Mei 1915 di jalan depan Teater Yachiyo di daerah Osaka. Akhirnya mereka menikah pada tanggal 4 September 1915 saat Mumeno berusia 19 tahun, dan tinggal di Ikaino sekarang menjadi distrik Ikuno.\n\nKonosuke adalah teknisi muda yang handal. Pada musim semi 1917, dia dipromosikan menjadi inspektur yang tugasnya memeriksa kualitas pekerjaan teknisi dan memutuskan bagian yang mana yang harus diperbaiki. Tapi ada dua kendala, pertama kurang ada tantangan, kedua kesehatannya tidak mendukung karena paru-parunya sering bermasalah. Selain itu dia merasa kurang dihargai di Osaka Electric Light Company. Di waktu senggang dia kembali menekuni merancang stop kontak yang sudah dia lakukan sebelum menjadi inspektur. Dari sini ada pemikiran untuk usaha sendiri dan adanya keharusan untuk sering istirahat di rumah demi kesehatan, maka dia keluar dari perusahaan listrik tersebut, tepatnya 15 Juni 1917. Dengan hanya modal kurang lebih 100 yen dia mulai melakukan usahanya di dalam rumah petaknya yang berukuran 4,5 tatami (sekitar 9 meter persegi) dibantu bekas dua koleganya di Osaka Electric Light Company dan adiknya Mumeno yang berusia 12 tahun, Iue Toshio (yang kemudian mendirikan Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.). Toshio baru saja lulus dari sekolah dasar di pulau Awaji.\n\nMatsushita bahkan mungkin akan melakukan itu juga. Namun, selama bekerja di Osaka Light, dia berhasil membuat sebuah jenis baru dari soket lampu, yang lebih baik dari yang telah ada pada saat itu. Matsushita menunjukkan penemuan kepada bosnya, sehingga membuat bosnya terkesan.\n\nPada saat itu Matsushita tidak memiliki uang dan tidak mempunyai pengalaman bisnis yang nyata, tetapi dia memiliki daya kreativitas dan keinginan yang kuat. Jadi, tahun 1917, dia memutuskan untuk memproduksi perangkat itu sendiri. Dengan bantuan istri dan tiga asisten, dengan penuh semangat Matsushita memulai usahanya. Dengan bekal pendidikan tingkat lima yang saat itu masih di bawah dari pendidikan sekolah tinggi, dan tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam pembuatan sebuah steker listrik. Tapi mereka memiliki kemauan yang besar. Dalam sebuah rumah rumah petak sempit dua kamar, mereka bekerja berjam-jam, tujuh hari dalam seminggu. Setelah beberapa bulan mereka menjadi sangat kurus karena bekerja tanpa lelah, dengan usaha keras akhirnya mereka berhasil menyelesaikan beberapa contoh produk baru. Saat itulah perusahaan yang bernama Panasonic berdiri. Tidak seberapa terkenal seperti Sam Walton atau Henry Ford atau Honda atau raksasa bisnis lain yang menggunakan nama-namanya pada produk mereka. Tapi perusahaannya, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd, telah menghasilkan pendapatan yang luar biasa selama hidupnya daripada yang lain. Meskipun lebih dikenal di luar tanah kelahirannya, Jepang, penjualan perusahaannya akhirnya melebihi enam puluh tiga miliar dolar setiap tahunnya.\n\nKategori:Milyarder Jepang Kategori:Bilyuner Jepang Kategori:Pengusaha Jepang Kategori:Korporasi Panasonic Kategori:Panasonic Corporation Kategori:Orang dari Wakayama, Wakayama Kategori:Penerima Orde Bunga Paulownia dengan Matahari Terbit Kategori:Penemu Jepang\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox person/Wikidata \n|fetchwikidata =ALL\n|name = Konosuke Matsushita\n|native_name = 松下 幸之助\n|image = Konosuke Matsushita 01.jpg\n|birth_date = {{Birth date|1894|11|27}}\n|birth_place = [[Wakayama, Wakayama|Wakayama]], [[Prefektur Wakayama|Wakayama]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang|Jepang]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|4|27|1894|11|27}}\n|death_place = Moriguchi, [[Prefektur Osaka|Osaka]], [[Jepang]]\n|occupation = Pengusaha dan industrialis\n| awards = {{plainlist|\n*[[Order of the Sacred Treasure]]\n*[[Order of the Rising Sun]] (29 April 1981)\n*[[Order of the Paulownia Flowers]] (29 April 1987)\n*[[Order of the Defender of the Realm]] (Panglima Mangku Negara which carries the title \"Tan Sri\")\n*[[Medals of Honor (Japan)|Medal with Blue Ribbon]]\n*[[Medals of Honor (Japan)|Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon]]\n*Honorary Commander of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm#Commander|Order of the Defender of the Realm]]\n}}\n| signature =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konosuke Matsushita () adalah orang yang berada di balik berdirinya Panasonic hingga menjadi sebuah perusahaan yang besar saat ini.","translated_text":"Konosuke Matsushita () was the person behind the founding of Panasonic until it became a large company today.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Matsushita lahir dalam keluarga sederhana di desa Wasa, Jepang, pada tanggal 27 November 1894.","translated_text":"Matsushita was born into a modest family in the village of Wasa, Japan, on November 27, 1894.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika ia tumbuh menjadi dewasa, Ia adalah seorang yang cenderung penutup dan agak sakit-sakitan, sehingga menjadikannya memiliki masa depan yang tidak jelas.","translated_text":"As he grew up, he was a concealed and somewhat sick person, leaving him with an uncertain future.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia sepertinya ditakdirkan untuk hidup dengan penuh perjuangan.","translated_text":"He seems destined to live a life of struggle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":62,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak bungsu dari delapan anak.","translated_text":"The youngest of eight children.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":30,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada usia sembilan tahun, ia bekerja di toko sepeda untuk membantu keluarga bertahan hidup.","translated_text":"At the age of nine, he worked in a bicycle shop to help the family survive.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":91,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Masa kanak-kanak","translated_text":"Childhood","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konosuke Matsushita lahir pada 27 November 1894, di sebuah desa terpencil berjarak sekitar lima menit, jika ditempuh dengan berjalan kaki dari Senda, stasiun kereta api tanpa penjaga di jalur JR Wakayama (Negi, Prefektur Wakayama).","translated_text":"Konosuke Matsushita was born on November 27, 1894, in a remote village about five minutes' walk from Senda, a guardless railway station on the JR Wakayama line (Negi, Wakayama Prefecture).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sang ayah Masakusu dan ibu Tokue sangat sayang dan memanjakan bungsu dari delapan bersaudara yang terdiri dari tiga putra dan lima putri itu.","translated_text":"Father Masakusu and mother Tokue were very affectionate and cared for the youngest of eight siblings of three sons and five daughters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama keluarga Matsushita, yang berarti \"di bawah pohon pinus\", konon didapat karena rumah mereka bernaung di bawah pohon pinus besar berusia 800 tahun.","translated_text":"The Matsushita family name, which means \"under a pine tree\", is said to have been derived from the fact that their home lay beneath a large, 800-year-old pine tree.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai pemilik tanah pertanian kecil, keluarga tersebut termasuk kelas atas dalam masyarakat.","translated_text":"As owners of small farmland, the family belonged to the upper class in society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa kanak-kanak Konosuke sendiri sangat damai dan menyenangkan, penuh permainan dan kegiatan memancing di sungai bersama pengasuhnya.","translated_text":"Konosuke's own childhood was peaceful and enjoyable, full of games and fishing activities in the river with his nanny.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sayangnya, ketenangan itu tidak berlangsung lama.","translated_text":"Sadly, that calm did not last long.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena tanah pertaniannya digarap oleh petani sewaan, sang ayah Masakusu menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya untuk politik dan aktivitas pemerintahan lokal.","translated_text":"Since his farmland was worked by tenant farmers, Father Masakusu spent most of his time on politics and local government activities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah tipe orang yang gemar bereksperimen dengan sesuatu yang baru dan berbeda, termasuk berspekulasi di pasar beras, yang saat itu terlihat menjanjikan keuntungan yang cepat dan pasti.","translated_text":"He's the type of person who likes to experiment with something new and different, including speculating on the rice market, which at the time seemed to promise fast and certain profits.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi Masakusu tidak punya pengetahuan banyak mengenai investasi yang baik sehingga dia terus merugi dan akhirnya bangkrut sama sekali.","translated_text":"But Masakusu didn't have much knowledge of good investing so he kept losing and ended up bankrupt altogether.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keluarga itu terpaksa menjual tanah dan rumah yang sudah diwariskan turun menurun itu dan harus meninggalkan desa untuk bekerja di kota terdekat, yaitu Wakayama.","translated_text":"The family was forced to sell their inherited land and house and had to leave the village to work in the nearby town of Wakayama.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan sisa uang sedikit setelah membayar utang dan atas pertolongan seorang kawan.","translated_text":"With a little money left over after paying off the debt and on the help of a friend.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masakusu pun membuka toko bakiak kayu.","translated_text":"Masakusu also opened a lumber shop.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun usaha itu amblas dua tahun kemudian.","translated_text":"But that effort paid off two years later.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 1902, ia pergi seorang diri ke Osaka untuk bekerja di sekolah swasta yang baru dibuka untuk anak-anak tuna netra dan tuna grahita.","translated_text":"In 1902, he went on his own to Osaka to work at a newly opened private school for children of blue and white.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":135,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tahun Remaja","translated_text":"Teenage years","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konosuke menempuh pendidikan dasar di Wakayama, dan guru kesayangannya Tuan Murakami, yang mengantarnya bermain Shogi (catur Jepang).","translated_text":"Konosuke received his elementary education in Wakayama, and his favorite teacher was Mr. Murakami, who took him to play Shogi (Japanese chess).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum naik ke kelas lima, ayahnya menyuratinya, mengatakan ada lowongan untuk magang di sebuah toko hibachi (tungku batubara) milik kenalan baiknya bernama Tuan Miyata.","translated_text":"Before going up to fifth grade, his father wrote it, saying there was a vacancy for an apprenticeship at a hibachi shop owned by a good acquaintance named Mr. Miyata.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di musim gugur, ibunya mengantar ke stasiun Kinokawa untuk naik kereta ke Osaka.","translated_text":"In the fall, her mother took her to Kinokawa Station to take the train to Osaka.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hatinya sedih karena harus berpisah dengan ibunya, tetapi senang karena baru pertama kali naik kereta.","translated_text":"Her heart was sad that she had to be separated from her mother, but she was happy that she was just getting on a train for the first time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tugas di toko tersebut membersihkan toko saat dini hari, mengelap tungku-tungku sambil menjaga anak-anak pemilik toko.","translated_text":"The job at the store is to clean the store early in the day, to clean the furnaces while taking care of the children of the shopkeeper.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia mendapat uang saku lima sen dua kali sebulan setiap tanggal 1 dan 15.","translated_text":"He gets five cents in his pocket twice a month on the 1st and 15th.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Toko Hibachi Miyata tutup tiga bulan setelah Konosuke magang di situ.","translated_text":"Hibachi Miyata's shop closed three months after Konosuke interned there.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi sang pemilik mengatur segala sesuatunya sehingga Konosuke dapat bekerja di toko sepeda milik kenalan Miyata bernama Godai Otokichi.","translated_text":"But the owner arranged everything so that Konosuke could work in a bicycle shop owned by Miyata's acquaintance named Godai Otokichi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat itu, sepeda kebanyakan diimpor dari Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dan masih menjadi barang mewah yang harganya 100 sampai 150 yen dan suatu penemuan terakhir pada peradaban modern saat itu.","translated_text":"At the time, bicycles were mostly imported from the United States and Britain and were still a luxury item that cost 100 to 150 yen and was a recent invention of modern civilization at the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tuan dan Nyonya Godai serta para pekerja yang lebih tua menyayanginya, dan memanggilnya dengan sebutan \"Ko-kichi\" atau \"Kokichi-don\".","translated_text":"Mr. and Mrs. Godai and the older workers loved it, and called it \"Ko-kichi\" or \"Kokichi-don\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1906, ibu dan kakak-kakak perempuan Konosuke meninggalkan Wakayama dan pindah ke Tenma, bagian selatan dari Kota Osaka.","translated_text":"In 1906, Konosuke's mother and sisters left Wakayama and moved to Tenma, south of Osaka City.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sang ibu, Tokue, ingin putra bungsunya tinggal bersama mereka dan mengusulkan agar dia bekerja sebagai penjaga toko di siang hari dan sekolah di malam hari.","translated_text":"The mother, Tokue, wanted her son to stay with them and suggested that he work as a shopkeeper during the day and school at night.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi ditolak ayahnya Masakusu sambil berkata, \"Kau harus meneruskan masa magangmu, karena tak lama lagi kau dapat memulai usahamu sendiri dan menjadi mandiri.","translated_text":"But Masakusu's father refused, saying, \"You must continue your apprenticeship, because soon you can start your own business and become independent.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aku yakin ini adalah jalan terbaik untukmu\".","translated_text":"I'm sure this is the best way for you\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konosuke menuruti saran ayahnya.","translated_text":"Konosuke followed his father's advice.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Belakangan, setelah menjadi usahawan yang sukses, ia mengatakan, \"Sekarang saya sadar kebenaran perkataan ayah saya dan betapa saya mendapatkan manfaat banyak dari jalan yang ia tunjukkan pada saya\".).","translated_text":"(Later, after becoming a successful businessman, he says, \"Now I realize the truth of my father's words and how much I have benefited from the way he has shown me\".)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada September 1906, Masakusu jatuh sakit dan meninggal hanya beberapa hari kemudian.","translated_text":"In September 1906, Masakusu fell ill and died just days later.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia berusia 51 tahun.","translated_text":"He's 51 years old.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena kedua abang Konosuke telah wafat sebelumnya, kematian Masakusu menjadikan Konosuke yang berumur 11 tahun menjadi kepala keluarga.","translated_text":"Since both of Konosuke's brothers had died earlier, Masakusu's death made 11-year-old Konosuke the head of the family.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konosuke membantu kepala pramuniaga memamerkan sepeda kepada pembeli.","translated_text":"Konosuke helped the head of the world trade show the bikes to buyers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Padahal ia ingin sekali menjual sepeda, tetapi dianggap terlalu berat untuk pegawai muda yang magang, sehingga kesempatan itu lama datangnya.","translated_text":"Although he wanted to sell bicycles, it was considered too heavy for the young apprentice, so the opportunity was long overdue.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suatu saat, kepala pramuniaga sedang keluar dan ada telepon dari seseorang ingin melihat-lihat sepeda.","translated_text":"One day, the head of the world trade was going out and there was a call from someone who wanted to take a look around the bike.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konosuke mendapat kesempatan menjual sepeda dan membawa ke calon pembeli serta dengan semangat mempromosikannya.","translated_text":"Konosuke had the opportunity to sell bicycles and bring them to prospective buyers as well as enthusiastically promote them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Kau anak muda yang antusias dan menarik perhatian\", ujar pria bernama Tetsukawa.","translated_text":"\"You are an enthusiastic and attractive young man\", says a man named Tetsukawa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebenarnya Tetsukawa ingin dapat diskon 10 persen, tetapi akhirnya terjual dengan diskon 5 persen.","translated_text":"Tetsukawa actually wanted to get a 10 percent discount, but ended up selling it at a 5 percent discount.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini adalah kebanggaan pertama yang dikenang selalu.","translated_text":"This is the first pride ever remembered.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perusahaan Industri Elektronik Matsuhisa","translated_text":"Matsuhisa electronics company","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sistem lori di Kota Osaka mulai beroperasi pada 1903 dan jaringan jalur lori di seluruh kota selesai dibangun pada 1909.","translated_text":"The lorry system in Osaka City began operating in 1903 and a network of lorry lines throughout the city was completed in 1909.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan adanya lori-lori tersebut, Konosuke berpikir bahwa masa depan sepeda tidak akan begitu cerah.","translated_text":"With these trucks, Konosuke thought that the future of bicycles would not be so bright.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konosuke memutuskan keluar dan melamar ke Osaka Electric Light Company dengan pertolongan abang iparnya.","translated_text":"Konosuke decided to go out and apply to Osaka Electric Light Company with the help of his brother-in-law.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konosuke harus menunggu tiga bulan sampai ada lowongan di perusahaan listrik itu.","translated_text":"Konosuke has to wait three months until there's a vacancy at that power company.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama menunggu, dia berhenti bekerja di toko sepeda, dan bekerja sebagai operator truk tangan di perusahaan semen.","translated_text":"While waiting, he quit his job at a bicycle shop, and worked as a hand truck operator at a cement company.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 21 Oktober 1910, Konosuke direkrut oleh Osaka Electric Light Company untuk bekerja di bagian pemasangan listrik dalam ruangan di kantor cabang Saiwaicho.","translated_text":"On October 21, 1910, Konosuke was recruited by the Osaka Electric Light Company to work in the indoor electrical installation section at the Saiwaicho branch office.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai asisten teknisi yang memasang listrik di rumah dan kantor, Konosuke pergi ke sana kemari dengan membawa gerobak roda dua berisi aneka alat dan perkakas.","translated_text":"As an assistant technician who installed electricity in homes and offices, Konosuke went there with a two-wheeled cart loaded with various tools and tools.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena berbakat, maka dalam tiga bulan ia naik pangkat menjadi teknisi instalasi, posisi yang biasanya diberikan setelah bekerja setahun.","translated_text":"Because of his talents, he rose through the ranks to become an installation technician within three months, a position he was usually given after working for a year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian ia dipindahkan ke kantor cabang baru di bagian lain Kota Osaka.","translated_text":"Then it was moved to a new branch office in another part of Osaka City.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antara umur 16 sampai ia menikah umur 20, Konosuke tinggal di rumah salah satu teman kerjanya.","translated_text":"Between the age of 16 and her marriage at 20, Konosuke lived at the home of one of her colleagues.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia senang bekerja sampai lupa sekolah kembali.","translated_text":"He loved working until he forgot to go back to school.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Atas desakan teman-temannya, ia sekolah lagi di Kansai Commercial and Industrial School, satu-satunya sekolah malam di Osaka saat itu.","translated_text":"At the urging of his friends, he went back to school at Kansai Commercial and Industrial School, the only night school in Osaka at the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia bergabung dalam kelas berisikan 500 murid.","translated_text":"He joined a class of 500 students.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setahun kemudian, sekitar 380 orang lulus program dan Konosuke mendapat peringkat ke-175.","translated_text":"A year later, about 380 graduated from the program and Konosuke was ranked 175th.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia melanjutkan ke program reguler dengan jurusan teknik elektro.","translated_text":"He went on to a regular program majoring in electrical engineering.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para instruktur tidak menggunakan buku teks, sehingga murid harus rajin menulis.","translated_text":"Teachers did not use textbooks, so students had to be diligent in writing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konosuke tidak sanggup dengan metode itu dan akhirnya putus sekolah.","translated_text":"Konosuke couldn't cope with that method and ended up dropping out of school.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Proyek besar yang pernah ditangani Konosuke saat menjadi teknisi pemasangan listrik adalah sambungan listrik untuk papan nama berlampu di resor pemandian tepi pantai di Taman Hamadera di Sakai (1912).","translated_text":"A major project that Konosuke once dealt with when he was an electrical installation technician was the electrical connection to a lighted nameboard at the seaside bathing resort in Hamadera Park in Sakai (1912).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Proyek besar lainnya adalah pemasangan listrik di Menara Tsutenkaku, yang dibangun di distrik Shinsekai pada 1912.","translated_text":"Another major project was the installation of electricity at Tsutenkaku Tower, built in Shinsekai district in 1912.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena fisiknya memang lemah sejak lahir, maka jatuhlah dia.","translated_text":"Since his body was weak from birth, he fell.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lendir pun mulai memenuhi rongga paru-parunya.","translated_text":"Lender began to fill his lung cavities.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ibu Konosuke wafat pada 1913, dan saat ia berusia 20 tahun, kakak tertuanya mendesak untuk segera menikah.","translated_text":"Konosuke's mother died in 1913, and when he was 20 years old, his older sister urged him to marry soon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kakaknya mengatur pertemuan dengan seorang perempuan bernama Mumeno.","translated_text":"His brother arranged a meeting with a woman named Mumeno.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertemuan itu pada Mei 1915 di jalan depan Teater Yachiyo di daerah Osaka.","translated_text":"The meeting took place in May 1915 in front of the Yachiyo Theatre in Osaka Prefecture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akhirnya mereka menikah pada tanggal 4 September 1915 saat Mumeno berusia 19 tahun, dan tinggal di Ikaino sekarang menjadi distrik Ikuno.","translated_text":"They finally married on September 4, 1915 when Mumeno was 19 years old, and lived in Ikaino now the Ikuno district.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konosuke adalah teknisi muda yang handal.","translated_text":"Konosuke is a reliable young technician.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada musim semi 1917, dia dipromosikan menjadi inspektur yang tugasnya memeriksa kualitas pekerjaan teknisi dan memutuskan bagian yang mana yang harus diperbaiki.","translated_text":"In the spring of 1917, he was promoted to inspector with the task of checking the quality of the technicians' work and deciding which parts should be repaired.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi ada dua kendala, pertama kurang ada tantangan, kedua kesehatannya tidak mendukung karena paru-parunya sering bermasalah.","translated_text":"But there were two constraints, the first was the lack of challenges, the second was that his health was not supportive because his lungs were often troubled.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu dia merasa kurang dihargai di Osaka Electric Light Company.","translated_text":"Besides, he feels underappreciated at Osaka Electric Light Company.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di waktu senggang dia kembali menekuni merancang stop kontak yang sudah dia lakukan sebelum menjadi inspektur.","translated_text":"In his spare time, he goes back to designing the contact lenses he made before he became an inspector.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari sini ada pemikiran untuk usaha sendiri dan adanya keharusan untuk sering istirahat di rumah demi kesehatan, maka dia keluar dari perusahaan listrik tersebut, tepatnya 15 Juni 1917.","translated_text":"Hence the idea of self-employment and the necessity of frequent rest at home for health reasons, so he left the electric company, precisely on June 15, 1917.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan hanya modal kurang lebih 100 yen dia mulai melakukan usahanya di dalam rumah petaknya yang berukuran 4,5 tatami (sekitar 9 meter persegi) dibantu bekas dua koleganya di Osaka Electric Light Company dan adiknya Mumeno yang berusia 12 tahun, Iue Toshio (yang kemudian mendirikan Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.).","translated_text":"With just a capital of about 100 yen, he started his venture in his 4.5-square-foot tatami cottage with the help of his two former colleagues at Osaka Electric Light Company and his 12-year-old sister Mumeno, Iue Toshio (who later founded Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Toshio baru saja lulus dari sekolah dasar di pulau Awaji.","translated_text":"Toshio just graduated from elementary school on Awaji Island.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan","translated_text":"The Life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Matsushita bahkan mungkin akan melakukan itu juga.","translated_text":"Matsushita might even do that too.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":50,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text 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managed to create a new type of light socket, which was better than what was available at the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":145,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Matsushita menunjukkan penemuan kepada bosnya, sehingga membuat bosnya terkesan.","translated_text":"Matsushita showed the invention to his boss, impressing him.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada saat itu Matsushita tidak memiliki uang dan tidak mempunyai pengalaman bisnis yang nyata, tetapi dia memiliki daya kreativitas dan keinginan yang kuat.","translated_text":"At that time Matsushita had no money and no real business 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name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":166,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi mereka memiliki kemauan yang besar.","translated_text":"But they have a great will.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":40,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam sebuah rumah rumah petak sempit dua kamar, mereka bekerja berjam-jam, tujuh hari dalam seminggu.","translated_text":"In a narrow, two-room black house, they worked for hours, seven days a week.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah beberapa bulan mereka menjadi sangat kurus karena bekerja tanpa lelah, dengan usaha keras akhirnya mereka berhasil menyelesaikan beberapa contoh produk baru.","translated_text":"After a few months they became very thin because they worked tirelessly, and with hard work they finally managed to complete some examples of new products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/konosuke-matsushita</ref>","char_index":165,"name":null,"url":"http://www.answers.com/topic/konosuke-matsushita","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":240766,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.647961-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.11688232421875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat itulah perusahaan yang bernama Panasonic berdiri.","translated_text":"That's when a company called Panasonic was founded.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":54,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak seberapa terkenal seperti Sam Walton atau Henry Ford atau Honda atau raksasa bisnis lain yang menggunakan nama-namanya pada produk mereka.","translated_text":"Not as famous as Sam Walton or Henry Ford or Honda or other business giants who use their names on their products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi perusahaannya, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd, telah menghasilkan pendapatan yang luar biasa selama hidupnya daripada yang lain.","translated_text":"But his company, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd, has generated tremendous revenues during his lifetime than any other.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun lebih dikenal di luar tanah kelahirannya, Jepang, penjualan perusahaannya akhirnya melebihi enam puluh tiga miliar dolar setiap tahunnya.","translated_text":"Although better known outside his native Japan, his company's sales eventually exceeded sixty-three billion dollars annually.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Milyarder Jepang Kategori:Bilyuner Jepang Kategori:Pengusaha Jepang Kategori:Korporasi Panasonic Kategori:Panasonic Corporation Kategori:Orang dari Wakayama, Wakayama Kategori:Penerima Orde Bunga Paulownia dengan Matahari Terbit Kategori:Penemu Jepang","translated_text":":Japanese billionaires Category:Japanese billionaires Category:Japanese entrepreneurs Category:Panasonic Corporation Category:Panasonic Corporation Category:People from Wakayama, Wakayama Category:Professor of the Order of the Paulownia Flower with the Rising Sun Category:Inventor of Japan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Konosuke Matsushita () adalah orang yang berada di balik berdirinya Panasonic hingga menjadi sebuah perusahaan yang besar saat ini.","translated_text":"Konosuke Matsushita () was the person behind the founding of Panasonic until it became a large company today.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Konosuke Matsushita () adalah orang yang berada di balik berdirinya Panasonic hingga menjadi sebuah perusahaan yang besar saat ini. Matsushita lahir dalam keluarga sederhana di desa Wasa, Jepang, pada tanggal 27 November 1894.","translated_text":"Konosuke Matsushita () was the person behind the founding of Panasonic until it became a large company today. Matsushita was born into a modest family in the village of Wasa, Japan, on November 27, 1894.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":226,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Konosuke Matsushita () adalah orang yang berada di balik berdirinya Panasonic hingga menjadi sebuah perusahaan yang besar saat ini. Matsushita lahir dalam keluarga sederhana di desa Wasa, Jepang, pada tanggal 27 November 1894. Ketika ia tumbuh menjadi dewasa, Ia adalah seorang yang cenderung penutup dan agak sakit-sakitan, sehingga menjadikannya memiliki masa depan yang tidak jelas.","translated_text":"Konosuke Matsushita () was the person behind the founding of Panasonic until it became a large company today. Matsushita was born into a modest family in the village of Wasa, Japan, on November 27, 1894. As he grew up, he was a concealed and somewhat sick person, leaving him with an uncertain future.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":385,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Matsushita lahir dalam keluarga sederhana di desa Wasa, Jepang, pada tanggal 27 November 1894. Ketika ia tumbuh menjadi dewasa, Ia adalah seorang yang cenderung penutup dan agak sakit-sakitan, sehingga menjadikannya memiliki masa depan yang tidak jelas. Ia sepertinya ditakdirkan untuk hidup dengan penuh perjuangan.","translated_text":"Matsushita was born into a modest family in the village of Wasa, Japan, on November 27, 1894. As he grew up, he was a concealed and somewhat sick person, leaving him with an uncertain future. He seems destined to live a life of struggle.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":316,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika ia tumbuh menjadi dewasa, Ia adalah seorang yang cenderung penutup dan agak sakit-sakitan, sehingga menjadikannya memiliki masa depan yang tidak jelas. Ia sepertinya ditakdirkan untuk hidup dengan penuh perjuangan. Anak bungsu dari delapan anak.","translated_text":"As he grew up, he was a concealed and somewhat sick person, leaving him with an uncertain future. He seems destined to live a life of struggle. The youngest of eight children.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":252,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia sepertinya ditakdirkan untuk hidup dengan penuh perjuangan. Anak bungsu dari delapan anak. Pada usia sembilan tahun, ia bekerja di toko sepeda untuk membantu keluarga bertahan hidup.","translated_text":"He seems destined to live a life of struggle. The youngest of eight children. At the age of nine, he worked in a bicycle shop to help the family survive.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":185,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Masakusu pun membuka toko bakiak kayu. Namun usaha itu amblas dua tahun kemudian. Pada 1902, ia pergi seorang diri ke Osaka untuk bekerja di sekolah swasta yang baru dibuka untuk anak-anak tuna netra dan tuna grahita.","translated_text":"Masakusu also opened a lumber shop. But that effort paid off two years later. In 1902, he went on his own to Osaka to work at a newly opened private school for children of blue and white.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":217,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hatinya sedih karena harus berpisah dengan ibunya, tetapi senang karena baru pertama kali naik kereta. Tugas di toko tersebut membersihkan toko saat dini hari, mengelap tungku-tungku sambil menjaga anak-anak pemilik toko. Dia mendapat uang saku lima sen dua kali sebulan setiap tanggal 1 dan 15.","translated_text":"Her heart was sad that she had to be separated from her mother, but she was happy that she was just getting on a train for the first time. The job at the store is to clean the store early in the day, to clean the furnaces while taking care of the children of the shopkeeper. He gets five cents in his pocket twice a month on the 1st and 15th.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"matsushita\">[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]</ref>","char_index":295,"name":"matsushita","url":"http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":65,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.911835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Matsushita bahkan mungkin akan melakukan itu juga.","translated_text":"Matsushita might even do that too.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":50,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":50,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Matsushita bahkan mungkin akan melakukan itu juga. Namun, selama bekerja di Osaka Light, dia berhasil membuat sebuah jenis baru dari soket lampu, yang lebih baik dari yang telah ada pada saat itu.","translated_text":"Matsushita might even do that too. However, while working at Osaka Light, he managed to create a new type of light socket, which was better than what was available at the time.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":196,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Matsushita bahkan mungkin akan melakukan itu juga. Namun, selama bekerja di Osaka Light, dia berhasil membuat sebuah jenis baru dari soket lampu, yang lebih baik dari yang telah ada pada saat itu. Matsushita menunjukkan penemuan kepada bosnya, sehingga membuat bosnya terkesan.","translated_text":"Matsushita might even do that too. However, while working at Osaka Light, he managed to create a new type of light socket, which was better than what was available at the time. Matsushita showed the invention to his boss, impressing him.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada saat itu Matsushita tidak memiliki uang dan tidak mempunyai pengalaman bisnis yang nyata, tetapi dia memiliki daya kreativitas dan keinginan yang kuat.","translated_text":"At that time Matsushita had no money and no real business experience, but he had strong creativity and desire.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":156,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada saat itu Matsushita tidak memiliki uang dan tidak mempunyai pengalaman bisnis yang nyata, tetapi dia memiliki daya kreativitas dan keinginan yang kuat. Jadi, tahun 1917, dia memutuskan untuk memproduksi perangkat itu sendiri.","translated_text":"At that time Matsushita had no money and no real business experience, but he had strong creativity and desire. So, in 1917, he decided to make the device himself.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":230,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada saat itu Matsushita tidak memiliki uang dan tidak mempunyai pengalaman bisnis yang nyata, tetapi dia memiliki daya kreativitas dan keinginan yang kuat. Jadi, tahun 1917, dia memutuskan untuk memproduksi perangkat itu sendiri. Dengan bantuan istri dan tiga asisten, dengan penuh semangat Matsushita memulai usahanya.","translated_text":"At that time Matsushita had no money and no real business experience, but he had strong creativity and desire. So, in 1917, he decided to make the device himself. With the help of his wife and three assistants, Matsushita enthusiastically embarked on his venture.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":320,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jadi, tahun 1917, dia memutuskan untuk memproduksi perangkat itu sendiri. Dengan bantuan istri dan tiga asisten, dengan penuh semangat Matsushita memulai usahanya. Dengan bekal pendidikan tingkat lima yang saat itu masih di bawah dari pendidikan sekolah tinggi, dan tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam pembuatan sebuah steker listrik.","translated_text":"So, in 1917, he decided to make the device himself. With the help of his wife and three assistants, Matsushita enthusiastically embarked on his venture. With a fifth-grade education that at the time was still below high school education, and had no experience in making an electrical steker.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":330,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan bantuan istri dan tiga asisten, dengan penuh semangat Matsushita memulai usahanya. Dengan bekal pendidikan tingkat lima yang saat itu masih di bawah dari pendidikan sekolah tinggi, dan tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam pembuatan sebuah steker listrik. Tapi mereka memiliki kemauan yang besar.","translated_text":"With the help of his wife and three assistants, Matsushita enthusiastically embarked on his venture. With a fifth-grade education that at the time was still below high school education, and had no experience in making an electrical steker. But they have a great will.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tapi mereka memiliki kemauan yang besar. Dalam sebuah rumah rumah petak sempit dua kamar, mereka bekerja berjam-jam, tujuh hari dalam seminggu. Setelah beberapa bulan mereka menjadi sangat kurus karena bekerja tanpa lelah, dengan usaha keras akhirnya mereka berhasil menyelesaikan beberapa contoh produk baru.","translated_text":"But they have a great will. In a narrow, two-room black house, they worked for hours, seven days a week. After a few months they became very thin because they worked tirelessly, and with hard work they finally managed to complete some examples of new products.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/konosuke-matsushita</ref>","char_index":309,"name":null,"url":"http://www.answers.com/topic/konosuke-matsushita","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":240766,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.647961-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.11688232421875}]},{"text":"Dalam sebuah rumah rumah petak sempit dua kamar, mereka bekerja berjam-jam, tujuh hari dalam seminggu. Setelah beberapa bulan mereka menjadi sangat kurus karena bekerja tanpa lelah, dengan usaha keras akhirnya mereka berhasil menyelesaikan beberapa contoh produk baru. Saat itulah perusahaan yang bernama Panasonic berdiri.","translated_text":"In a narrow, two-room black house, they worked for hours, seven days a week. After a few months they became very thin because they worked tirelessly, and with hard work they finally managed to complete some examples of new products. That's when a company called Panasonic was founded.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"panasonic\">http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719095001/http://panasonic.net/history/founder/ |date=2006-07-19 }} The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita</ref>","char_index":323,"name":"panasonic","url":"http://panasonic.net/history/founder/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":387,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.464795-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Lee Byung-chul","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n|name         = Lee Byung-chul\n|image        = Lee Byung-chul (cropped).jpg\n|caption      =\n|birth_date   = {{Birth date|1910|2|12|mf=y}}\n|birth_place  = Uiryeong, [[Gyeongsang Selatan]], [[Kekaisaran Korea]]\n|death_date   = {{Death date and age|1987|11|19|1910|2|12|mf=y}}\n|death_place  = [[Seoul]], [[Korea Selatan]]\n|nationality  = [[Korea]]\n|alma_mater   = [[Universitas Waseda]] dalam [[Tokyo]]\n|occupation   = Pendiri [[Samsung]]\n|spouse       = Park Du-eul\n|children     = Lee Kun-hee, Lee Myung-Hee, Lee Maeng-hee\n|relatives    = Lee Jae-yong, Lee Yoon-hyung, dan Lee Boo-jin (cucu)\n}}\n'''Lee Byung-chul''' ({{lahirmati||12|2|1910||19|11|1987}}) adalah seorang pengusaha [[Korea Selatan]].<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref> Dia adalah seorang pendiri Group [[Samsung]]. Dianggap sebagai salah satu pengusaha tersukses di Korea Selatan. Ia adalah putra dari [[keluarga]] kaya pemilik tanah dan sempat mengenyam pendidikan perkuliahan di [[Universitas Waseda Tokyo]] meskipun tidak sampai lulus.<ref name=\"org\" />\n\n== Kehidupan ==\nLee Byung-chull menggunakan warisannya untuk membuka penggilingan [[padi]] untuk usaha yang pertama. usaha itu tidak berjalan dengan baik.<ref name=\"org\" /> Pada tahun 1938 Lee Byung-Chull mendirikan perusahaan perdagangan [[ekspor]] di [[Korea]], menjual [[ikan]], [[sayuran]], dan [[buah]]-buahan ke [[Cina]].<ref name=\"org\" /> Perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat dan Lee memindahkan kantor pusatnya ke [[Seoul]] pada tahun [[1947]].<ref name=\"org\" /> Ketika pecah [[Perang Korea]], ia terpaksa meninggalkan [[Seoul]] dan memulai usaha [[pabrik]] [[gula]] di [[Busan]] yang bernama [[Cheil Jedang]]. Dan itu adalah [[pabrik]] [[gula]] [[Korea Selatan]] pertama.<ref name=\"org\" /> Setelah [[perang]], pada tahun 1954, Lee mendirikan [[Cheil Mojik]] dan membangun [[pabrik]] [[wol]] di [[Chimsan-dong]], [[Daegu]].<ref name=\"org\" /> Dan itu adalah pabrik wol terbesar di negaranya, perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat menjadi perusahaan besar.<ref name=\"org\" />\n\nTidak semua perusahaan dengan Brand yang terkenal saat ini didirikan dari awal dengan Brand tersebut, seperti perusahaan Group [[Samsung]] yang saat ini lebih dikenal oleh publik sebagai perusahaan [[Elektronik]] [[Telekomunikasi]] pada awalnya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang yang jauh berbeda dengan saat ini.<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>\n \nDari tahun 1958 dan seterusnya Samsung mulai ekspansi ke [[industri]] lain seperti keuangan, [[media]], [[bahan kimia]] dan pembuatan [[kapal]] sepanjang tahun 1970-an.<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Pada akhir 60-an, Samsung Group mulai masuk kedalam [[industri]] [[elektronik]].<ref name=\"Lessing\" /> Agar perusahaan bisa berkembang dengan pesat perusahaan membagi tugas kerja dalam bentuk divisi-divisi elektronik, diantaran Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mekanika Co, Samsung Corning Co, dan Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, dan membuat fasilitas di [[Suwon]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref> Produk pertamanya adalah [[televisi]] hitam-putih.<ref name=\"Lessing\" />\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Samsung}}\n{{Samsung Electronics}}\n\n[[Kategori:Marga Li]]\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Korea}}","hash":"5021ca827720df986922c492e2c171b6fedb8510c5c47275156d65e1163e9d3c","last_revision":"2023-08-27T00:18:19Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:43:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.581275","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"إي بيونغ تشول","arz":"اى بيونج تشول","az":"Li Ben Çxol","be":"Лі Бён Чхоль","bn":"লি বিয়ং চল","ckb":"لی بیونگ-چول","de":"Lee Byung-chull","en":"Lee Byung-chul","es":"Lee Byung-chul","fa":"لی بیونگ-چول","fr":"Lee Byung-chul","hy":"Լի Բյոն Չհոլ","it":"Lee Byung-chul","ja":"李秉喆","ko":"이병철","la":"Lee Byung-chul","mn":"И Бён-чоль","ms":"Lee Byungchul","nl":"Lee Byung-chull","nb":"Lee Byung-chul","pt":"Lee Byung-chul","ro":"Lee Byung-chul","ru":"Ли Бён Чхоль","simple":"Lee Byung-chull","sq":"Shqipëria (kthjellim)","sv":"Lee Byung-chul","sw":"Lee Byung-chul","th":"อี บย็อง-ช็อล","tn":"Lee Byung-chul","tr":"Lee Byung-chul","uk":"Лі Бьон ��холь","vec":"Lee Byung-chul","vi":"Lee Byung-chul","zh":"李秉喆","zh-yue":"李秉喆"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Lee Byung-chul () adalah seorang pengusaha Korea Selatan. Dia adalah seorang pendiri Group Samsung. Dianggap sebagai salah satu pengusaha tersukses di Korea Selatan. Ia adalah putra dari keluarga kaya pemilik tanah dan sempat mengenyam pendidikan perkuliahan di Universitas Waseda Tokyo meskipun tidak sampai lulus.\n\nLee Byung-chull menggunakan warisannya untuk membuka penggilingan padi untuk usaha yang pertama. usaha itu tidak berjalan dengan baik. Pada tahun 1938 Lee Byung-Chull mendirikan perusahaan perdagangan ekspor di Korea, menjual ikan, sayuran, dan buah-buahan ke Cina. Perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat dan Lee memindahkan kantor pusatnya ke Seoul pada tahun 1947. Ketika pecah Perang Korea, ia terpaksa meninggalkan Seoul dan memulai usaha pabrik gula di Busan yang bernama Cheil Jedang. Dan itu adalah pabrik gula Korea Selatan pertama. Setelah perang, pada tahun 1954, Lee mendirikan Cheil Mojik dan membangun pabrik wol di Chimsan-dong, Daegu. Dan itu adalah pabrik wol terbesar di negaranya, perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat menjadi perusahaan besar.\n\nTidak semua perusahaan dengan Brand yang terkenal saat ini didirikan dari awal dengan Brand tersebut, seperti perusahaan Group Samsung yang saat ini lebih dikenal oleh publik sebagai perusahaan Elektronik Telekomunikasi pada awalnya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang yang jauh berbeda dengan saat ini.\n\nDari tahun 1958 dan seterusnya Samsung mulai ekspansi ke industri lain seperti keuangan, media, bahan kimia dan pembuatan kapal sepanjang tahun 1970-an. Pada akhir 60-an, Samsung Group mulai masuk kedalam industri elektronik. Agar perusahaan bisa berkembang dengan pesat perusahaan membagi tugas kerja dalam bentuk divisi-divisi elektronik, diantaran Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mekanika Co, Samsung Corning Co, dan Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, dan membuat fasilitas di Suwon. Produk pertamanya adalah televisi hitam-putih.\n\nKategori:Marga Li\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name         = Lee Byung-chul\n|image        = Lee Byung-chul (cropped).jpg\n|caption      =\n|birth_date   = {{Birth date|1910|2|12|mf=y}}\n|birth_place  = Uiryeong, [[Gyeongsang Selatan]], [[Kekaisaran Korea]]\n|death_date   = {{Death date and age|1987|11|19|1910|2|12|mf=y}}\n|death_place  = [[Seoul]], [[Korea Selatan]]\n|nationality  = [[Korea]]\n|alma_mater   = [[Universitas Waseda]] dalam [[Tokyo]]\n|occupation   = Pendiri [[Samsung]]\n|spouse       = Park Du-eul\n|children     = Lee Kun-hee, Lee Myung-Hee, Lee Maeng-hee\n|relatives    = Lee Jae-yong, Lee Yoon-hyung, dan Lee Boo-jin (cucu)\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lee Byung-chul () adalah seorang pengusaha Korea Selatan.","translated_text":"Lee Byung-chul () is a South Korean businessman.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":57,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan","translated_text":"The Life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lee Byung-chull menggunakan warisannya untuk membuka penggilingan padi untuk usaha yang pertama. usaha itu tidak berjalan dengan baik.","translated_text":"Lee Byung-chull used his inheritance to open a rice mill for his first venture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1938 Lee Byung-Chull mendirikan perusahaan perdagangan ekspor di Korea, menjual ikan, sayuran, dan buah-buahan ke Cina.","translated_text":"In 1938 Lee Byung-Chull founded an export trading company in Korea, selling fish, vegetables, and fruits to China.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat dan Lee memindahkan kantor pusatnya ke Seoul pada tahun 1947.","translated_text":"The company expanded rapidly and Lee moved its headquarters to Seoul in 1947.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika pecah Perang Korea, ia terpaksa meninggalkan Seoul dan memulai usaha pabrik gula di Busan yang bernama Cheil Jedang.","translated_text":"When the Korean War broke out, he was forced to leave Seoul and set up a sugar factory in Busan called Cheil Jedang.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan itu adalah pabrik gula Korea Selatan pertama.","translated_text":"And it was South Korea's first sugar factory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":49,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah perang, pada tahun 1954, Lee mendirikan Cheil Mojik dan membangun pabrik wol di Chimsan-dong, Daegu.","translated_text":"After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built a wool factory in Chimsan-dong, Daegu.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan itu adalah pabrik wol terbesar di negaranya, perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat menjadi perusahaan besar.","translated_text":"And it was the largest wool factory in his country, the company grew rapidly into a large company.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tidak semua perusahaan dengan Brand yang terkenal saat ini didirikan dari awal dengan Brand tersebut, seperti perusahaan Group Samsung yang saat ini lebih dikenal oleh publik sebagai perusahaan Elektronik Telekomunikasi pada awalnya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang yang jauh berbeda dengan saat ini.","translated_text":"Not all companies with the well-known brands today were founded from scratch with the brand, as the Samsung Group company now better known to the public as the Electronics and Telecommunications company was originally a company operating in a far different field from today.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari tahun 1958 dan seterusnya Samsung mulai ekspansi ke industri lain seperti keuangan, media, bahan kimia dan pembuatan kapal sepanjang tahun 1970-an.","translated_text":"From 1958 onwards Samsung began to expand into other industries such as finance, media, chemicals and shipbuilding throughout the 1970s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":152,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhir 60-an, Samsung Group mulai masuk kedalam industri elektronik.","translated_text":"In the late '60s, the Samsung Group began to enter the electronics industry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Agar perusahaan bisa berkembang dengan pesat perusahaan membagi tugas kerja dalam bentuk divisi-divisi elektronik, diantaran Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mekanika Co, Samsung Corning Co, dan Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, dan membuat fasilitas di Suwon.","translated_text":"In order for the company to grow rapidly, the company divided the work into electronic divisions, between Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co, Samsung Corning Co, and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, and built facilities in Suwon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>","char_index":288,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Produk pertamanya adalah televisi hitam-putih.","translated_text":"His first product was black-and-white television.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":46,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Marga Li","translated_text":"Category:Because of Li","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Lee Byung-chul () adalah seorang pengusaha Korea Selatan.","translated_text":"Lee Byung-chul () is a South Korean businessman.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":57,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia adalah seorang pendiri Group Samsung. Dianggap sebagai salah satu pengusaha tersukses di Korea Selatan. Ia adalah putra dari keluarga kaya pemilik tanah dan sempat mengenyam pendidikan perkuliahan di Universitas Waseda Tokyo meskipun tidak sampai lulus.","translated_text":"He is a founder of the Samsung Group. Considered one of the most successful entrepreneurs in South Korea. He was the son of a wealthy landowner family and received his college education at Waseda University in Tokyo, although he did not graduate.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":257,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lee Byung-chull menggunakan warisannya untuk membuka penggilingan padi untuk usaha yang pertama. usaha itu tidak berjalan dengan baik.","translated_text":"Lee Byung-chull used his inheritance to open a rice mill for his first venture.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":134,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lee Byung-chull menggunakan warisannya untuk membuka penggilingan padi untuk usaha yang pertama. usaha itu tidak berjalan dengan baik. Pada tahun 1938 Lee Byung-Chull mendirikan perusahaan perdagangan ekspor di Korea, menjual ikan, sayuran, dan buah-buahan ke Cina.","translated_text":"Lee Byung-chull used his inheritance to open a rice mill for his first venture. In 1938 Lee Byung-Chull founded an export trading company in Korea, selling fish, vegetables, and fruits to China.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":265,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lee Byung-chull menggunakan warisannya untuk membuka penggilingan padi untuk usaha yang pertama. usaha itu tidak berjalan dengan baik. Pada tahun 1938 Lee Byung-Chull mendirikan perusahaan perdagangan ekspor di Korea, menjual ikan, sayuran, dan buah-buahan ke Cina. Perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat dan Lee memindahkan kantor pusatnya ke Seoul pada tahun 1947.","translated_text":"Lee Byung-chull used his inheritance to open a rice mill for his first venture. In 1938 Lee Byung-Chull founded an export trading company in Korea, selling fish, vegetables, and fruits to China. The company expanded rapidly and Lee moved its headquarters to Seoul in 1947.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":362,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat dan Lee memindahkan kantor pusatnya ke Seoul pada tahun 1947. Ketika pecah Perang Korea, ia terpaksa meninggalkan Seoul dan memulai usaha pabrik gula di Busan yang bernama Cheil Jedang. Dan itu adalah pabrik gula Korea Selatan pertama.","translated_text":"The company expanded rapidly and Lee moved its headquarters to Seoul in 1947. When the Korean War broke out, he was forced to leave Seoul and set up a sugar factory in Busan called Cheil Jedang. And it was South Korea's first sugar factory.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":270,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika pecah Perang Korea, ia terpaksa meninggalkan Seoul dan memulai usaha pabrik gula di Busan yang bernama Cheil Jedang. Dan itu adalah pabrik gula Korea Selatan pertama. Setelah perang, pada tahun 1954, Lee mendirikan Cheil Mojik dan membangun pabrik wol di Chimsan-dong, Daegu.","translated_text":"When the Korean War broke out, he was forced to leave Seoul and set up a sugar factory in Busan called Cheil Jedang. And it was South Korea's first sugar factory. After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built a wool factory in Chimsan-dong, Daegu.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":282,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dan itu adalah pabrik gula Korea Selatan pertama. Setelah perang, pada tahun 1954, Lee mendirikan Cheil Mojik dan membangun pabrik wol di Chimsan-dong, Daegu. Dan itu adalah pabrik wol terbesar di negaranya, perusahaan berkembang dengan pesat menjadi perusahaan besar.","translated_text":"And it was South Korea's first sugar factory. After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built a wool factory in Chimsan-dong, Daegu. And it was the largest wool factory in his country, the company grew rapidly into a large company.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"org\">[http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp Biography on Ho-Am Prize Website]</ref>","char_index":268,"name":"org","url":"http://hoamprize.samsungfoundation.org/eng/hoam/hoam_annualrt.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; Charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":14237,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.260965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (94 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tidak semua perusahaan dengan Brand yang terkenal saat ini didirikan dari awal dengan Brand tersebut, seperti perusahaan Group Samsung yang saat ini lebih dikenal oleh publik sebagai perusahaan Elektronik Telekomunikasi pada awalnya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang yang jauh berbeda dengan saat ini.","translated_text":"Not all companies with the well-known brands today were founded from scratch with the brand, as the Samsung Group company now better known to the public as the Electronics and Telecommunications company was originally a company operating in a far different field from today.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari tahun 1958 dan seterusnya Samsung mulai ekspansi ke industri lain seperti keuangan, media, bahan kimia dan pembuatan kapal sepanjang tahun 1970-an.","translated_text":"From 1958 onwards Samsung began to expand into other industries such as finance, media, chemicals and shipbuilding throughout the 1970s.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":152,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari tahun 1958 dan seterusnya Samsung mulai ekspansi ke industri lain seperti keuangan, media, bahan kimia dan pembuatan kapal sepanjang tahun 1970-an. Pada akhir 60-an, Samsung Group mulai masuk kedalam industri elektronik.","translated_text":"From 1958 onwards Samsung began to expand into other industries such as finance, media, chemicals and shipbuilding throughout the 1970s. In the late '60s, the Samsung Group began to enter the electronics industry.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":225,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari tahun 1958 dan seterusnya Samsung mulai ekspansi ke industri lain seperti keuangan, media, bahan kimia dan pembuatan kapal sepanjang tahun 1970-an. Pada akhir 60-an, Samsung Group mulai masuk kedalam industri elektronik. Agar perusahaan bisa berkembang dengan pesat perusahaan membagi tugas kerja dalam bentuk divisi-divisi elektronik, diantaran Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mekanika Co, Samsung Corning Co, dan Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, dan membuat fasilitas di Suwon.","translated_text":"From 1958 onwards Samsung began to expand into other industries such as finance, media, chemicals and shipbuilding throughout the 1970s. In the late '60s, the Samsung Group began to enter the electronics industry. In order for the company to grow rapidly, the company divided the work into electronic divisions, between Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co, Samsung Corning Co, and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, and built facilities in Suwon.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Frederick|title=The cosmic inventor: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (1866-1932)|publisher=American Philosophical Society|date=1999|volume=89|pages=41-46|isbn=087169896X}}</ref>","char_index":514,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada akhir 60-an, Samsung Group mulai masuk kedalam industri elektronik. Agar perusahaan bisa berkembang dengan pesat perusahaan membagi tugas kerja dalam bentuk divisi-divisi elektronik, diantaran Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mekanika Co, Samsung Corning Co, dan Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, dan membuat fasilitas di Suwon. Produk pertamanya adalah televisi hitam-putih.","translated_text":"In the late '60s, the Samsung Group began to enter the electronics industry. In order for the company to grow rapidly, the company divided the work into electronic divisions, between Samsung Electronics Co Devices, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co, Samsung Corning Co, and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co, and built facilities in Suwon. His first product was black-and-white television.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Lessing\">{{cite book|title=Man Of High Fidelity|author=Lawrence Lessing|publisher=J. B. Lippincott|year=1956}}</ref>","char_index":408,"name":"Lessing","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Torakusu Yamaha","wikicode":"{{Infobox Person\n|name        = Torakusu Yamaha\n|image       = Torakusu-yamaha.jpg\n|caption     = \n|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1851|4|20}}\n|birth_place = [[Provinsi Kii]], [[Jepang]]\n|death_date  = {{Tanggal kematian dan umur|1916|8|8|1851|4|20}}\n|death_place = [[Tokyo]], Jepang\n|other_names = \n|known_for   = pendiri [[Yamaha Corporation]]\n|occupation  = Entrepreneur, Industrialist\n|nationality = [[Jepang]]\n}}\n\n'''Torakusu Yamaha''' adalah orang yang pertama kali mendirikan [[Yamaha Corporation]]. [[Yamaha]] Corporation merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang paling terdiversifikasi di [[Jepang]], menawarkan berbagai [[produk]] dan [[jasa]], terutama [[alat musik]] dan [[elektronik]]. Awalnya didirikan untuk memproduksi [[organ]] buluh pada [[tahun]] 1887, sebagai Organ [[Yamaha Manufacturing Company]], perusahaan ini berdiri pada tahun [[1897]], dengan nama Nippon Gakki Company, dengan cepat memproduksi [[piano]] tegak. Mengambil keuntungan dari setiap kesempatan untuk menggunakan [[teknologi]] yang sudah ada dan keahlian untuk memperluas ke [[pasar]] baru, [[Yamaha]] mulai memproduksi harmonika selama [[Perang Dunia]] I dan tangan buatan phonographs pada 1920-an.\n\nSelama tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, dengan pengalaman yang diperoleh selama [[Perang Dunia]] II, [[Yamaha]] mulai pembuatan [[perahu]], [[busur]] untuk memanah, dan produk lainnya yang terbuat dari [[fiberglass]] yang diperkuat [[plastik]] (FRP). Pada tahun 1955, [[Yamaha Corporation]] mulai memproduksi [[sepeda motor]], dan pada tahun 1968, merilis sebuah [[sepeda]] off-road, Yamaha DT-1, menciptakan sebuah [[genre]].\n\nDimulai pada 1970-an, Yamaha mengembangkan berbagai [[alat musik]] [[elektronik]] dan [[teknologi]]. Saat ini [[Yamaha]] adalah [[produsen]] terbesar alat musik di [[dunia]], dan [[Yamaha Motor Company]] adalah produsen sepeda motor terbesar kedua. Yamaha berusaha untuk memberikan sebuah pengalaman kegembiraan dan kesenangan [[pelanggan]]. Ia memberi perhatian terhadap kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan selama pengembangan [[produk]] dan menyediakan layanan purna [[jual]] yang baik. [[Yamaha]] menjadi sponsor grup musik, [[acara]] [[kontes]], kompetisi [[olahraga]] [[motor]], dan [[program]]-program seperti [[sekolah]] [[musik]] [[Yamaha]] yang membantu mengembangkan pasar masa depan untuk [[instrumen]] [[musik]]; dan memberikan kesempatan seperti olahragawan dan musisi untuk menikmati [[produk]]-produknya.\n{{sisterlinks|torakusu Yamaha}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Jepang}}","hash":"0abbfb11983ae9de39c759bdbdc3440783f48271ee3dfba9006719cef95e01af","last_revision":"2023-08-27T08:41:25Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:44:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.651033","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"توراكوسو ياماها","de":"Torakusu Yamaha","en":"Torakusu Yamaha","es":"Torakusu Yamaha","fa":"توراکوسو یاماها","fi":"Torakusu Yamaha","fr":"Torakusu Yamaha","hu":"Jamaha Torakuszu","it":"Yamaha Torakusu","ja":"山葉寅楠","ka":"ტორაკუსუ იამაჰა","ml":"തൊറാകുസു യമഹ","ms":"Torakusu Yamaha","pl":"Torakusu Yamaha","pt":"Torakusu Yamaha","ru":"Ямаха, Торакусу","sv":"Torakusu Yamaha","ta":"யமஹா, டொரகுசு","tr":"Torakusu Yamaha","uk":"Торакусу Ямаха","zh":"山叶寅楠"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Torakusu Yamaha adalah orang yang pertama kali mendirikan Yamaha Corporation. Yamaha Corporation merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang paling terdiversifikasi di Jepang, menawarkan berbagai produk dan jasa, terutama alat musik dan elektronik. Awalnya didirikan untuk memproduksi organ buluh pada tahun 1887, sebagai Organ Yamaha Manufacturing Company, perusahaan ini berdiri pada tahun 1897, dengan nama Nippon Gakki Company, dengan cepat memproduksi piano tegak. Mengambil keuntungan dari setiap kesempatan untuk menggunakan teknologi yang sudah ada dan keahlian untuk memperluas ke pasar baru, Yamaha mulai memproduksi harmonika selama Perang Dunia I dan tangan buatan phonographs pada 1920-an.\n\nSelama tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, dengan pengalaman yang diperoleh selama Perang Dunia II, Yamaha mulai pembuatan perahu, busur untuk memanah, dan produk lainnya yang terbuat dari fiberglass yang diperkuat plastik (FRP). Pada tahun 1955, Yamaha Corporation mulai memproduksi sepeda motor, dan pada tahun 1968, merilis sebuah sepeda off-road, Yamaha DT-1, menciptakan sebuah genre.\n\nDimulai pada 1970-an, Yamaha mengembangkan berbagai alat musik elektronik dan teknologi. Saat ini Yamaha adalah produsen terbesar alat musik di dunia, dan Yamaha Motor Company adalah produsen sepeda motor terbesar kedua. Yamaha berusaha untuk memberikan sebuah pengalaman kegembiraan dan kesenangan pelanggan. Ia memberi perhatian terhadap kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan selama pengembangan produk dan menyediakan layanan purna jual yang baik. Yamaha menjadi sponsor grup musik, acara kontes, kompetisi olahraga motor, dan program-program seperti sekolah musik Yamaha yang membantu mengembangkan pasar masa depan untuk instrumen musik; dan memberikan kesempatan seperti olahragawan dan musisi untuk menikmati produk-produknya.\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Person\n|name        = Torakusu Yamaha\n|image       = Torakusu-yamaha.jpg\n|caption     = \n|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1851|4|20}}\n|birth_place = [[Provinsi Kii]], [[Jepang]]\n|death_date  = {{Tanggal kematian dan umur|1916|8|8|1851|4|20}}\n|death_place = [[Tokyo]], Jepang\n|other_names = \n|known_for   = pendiri [[Yamaha Corporation]]\n|occupation  = Entrepreneur, Industrialist\n|nationality = [[Jepang]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Torakusu Yamaha adalah orang yang pertama kali mendirikan Yamaha Corporation.","translated_text":"Torakusu Yamaha was the first person to found the Yamaha Corporation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yamaha Corporation merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang paling terdiversifikasi di Jepang, menawarkan berbagai produk dan jasa, terutama alat musik dan elektronik.","translated_text":"Yamaha Corporation is one of the most diversified companies in Japan, offering a wide range of products and services, especially musical instruments and electronics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Awalnya didirikan untuk memproduksi organ buluh pada tahun 1887, sebagai Organ Yamaha Manufacturing Company, perusahaan ini berdiri pada tahun 1897, dengan nama Nippon Gakki Company, dengan cepat memproduksi piano tegak.","translated_text":"Originally founded to produce bamboo organs in 1887, as the Yamaha Organ Manufacturing Company, the company was founded in 1897, under the name Nippon Gakki Company, quickly producing upright pianos.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mengambil keuntungan dari setiap kesempatan untuk menggunakan teknologi yang sudah ada dan keahlian untuk memperluas ke pasar baru, Yamaha mulai memproduksi harmonika selama Perang Dunia I dan tangan buatan phonographs pada 1920-an.","translated_text":"Taking advantage of every opportunity to use existing technology and expertise to expand into new markets, Yamaha began producing harmonica during World War I and handmade phonographs in the 1920s.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selama tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, dengan pengalaman yang diperoleh selama Perang Dunia II, Yamaha mulai pembuatan perahu, busur untuk memanah, dan produk lainnya yang terbuat dari fiberglass yang diperkuat plastik (FRP).","translated_text":"During the 1950s and 1960s, with the experience gained during World War II, Yamaha began manufacturing boats, arrows for archery, and other products made from plastic-reinforced fiberglass (FRP).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1955, Yamaha Corporation mulai memproduksi sepeda motor, dan pada tahun 1968, merilis sebuah sepeda off-road, Yamaha DT-1, menciptakan sebuah genre.","translated_text":"In 1955, the Yamaha Corporation began producing motorcycles, and in 1968, released an off-road bike, the Yamaha DT-1, creating a genre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dimulai pada 1970-an, Yamaha mengembangkan berbagai alat musik elektronik dan teknologi.","translated_text":"Beginning in the 1970s, Yamaha developed a variety of electronic musical instruments and technologies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini Yamaha adalah produsen terbesar alat musik di dunia, dan Yamaha Motor Company adalah produsen sepeda motor terbesar kedua.","translated_text":"Today Yamaha is the world's largest manufacturer of musical instruments, and Yamaha Motor Company is the second largest manufacturer of motorcycles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yamaha berusaha untuk memberikan sebuah pengalaman kegembiraan dan kesenangan pelanggan.","translated_text":"Yamaha strives to provide a customer experience of excitement and pleasure.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia memberi perhatian terhadap kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan selama pengembangan produk dan menyediakan layanan purna jual yang baik.","translated_text":"It pays attention to the needs and desires of customers during product development and provides excellent after-sales service.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yamaha menjadi sponsor grup musik, acara kontes, kompetisi olahraga motor, dan program-program seperti sekolah musik Yamaha yang membantu mengembangkan pasar masa depan untuk instrumen musik; dan memberikan kesempatan seperti olahragawan dan musisi untuk menikmati produk-produknya.","translated_text":"Yamaha sponsors music groups, contests, motorsport competitions, and programs such as the Yamaha music school that help develop the future market for musical instruments; and provides opportunities for athletes and musicians to enjoy its products.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"American Idol (musim 8)","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Kris Allen.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Kris Allen]], pemenang American Idol musim kedelapan.]]\n'''American Idol musim kedelapan''' merupakan kelanjutan tayangan [[reality show]] dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh [[Fox]] untuk kedelapan kalinya pada 2009.<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 13 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni [[Simon Cowell]], [[Paula Abdul]], [[Randy Jackson]], dan [[Kara DioGuardi]].<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.<ref name=\"Idol\"/> Finalis dalam american idol musim kedelapan ini adalah [[Kris Allen]], [[Adam Lambert]], [[Danny Gokey]], [[Allison Iraheta]], [[Matt Giraud]], [[Anoop Desai]], [[Lil Rounds]], [[Scott Maclntyre]], [[Megan Joy]], [[Michael Sarver]], [[Alexis Grace]], [[Jorge Nunez]], dan [[Jasmine Murray]].<ref name=\"Top\"/><ref name=\"Idol\"/> Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Kris Allen dan juara keduanya adalah [[Adam Lambert]].<ref name=\"Top\"/><ref name=\"Idol\"/> Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman [[album]] di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.<ref name=\"Top\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{AS-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Musim American Idol|8]]","hash":"96b36e29c2cef03e38235a7bf105dfd186abb01fc75b08f607545ac6c8a6e7b3","last_revision":"2024-04-18T14:52:44Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:49:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.708768","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"American Idol season 8","es":"Anexo:Octava temporada de American Idol","fa":"امریکن آیدل (فصل ۸)","fi":"American Idol (8. tuotantokausi)","fr":"Saison 8 d'American Idol","ga":"American Idol (sraith 8)","ja":"アメリカン・アイドル (シーズン8)","ru":"American Idol (сезон 8)","vi":"American Idol (mùa 8)","zh":"美國偶像 (第八季)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"American Idol musim kedelapan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kedelapan kalinya pada 2009. Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 13 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi. Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis. Finalis dalam american idol musim kedelapan ini adalah Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, dan Jasmine Murray. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Kris Allen dan juara keduanya adalah Adam Lambert. Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.\n\n8\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"American Idol musim kedelapan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kedelapan kalinya pada 2009.","translated_text":"The eighth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the eighth time in 2009.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 13 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi.","translated_text":"The competition featured 13 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.","translated_text":"The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Finalis dalam american idol musim kedelapan ini adalah Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, dan Jasmine Murray.","translated_text":"The finalists in this eighth season of American Idol were Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, and Jasmine Murray.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":239,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":239,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Kris Allen dan juara keduanya adalah Adam Lambert.","translated_text":"With the main winner of the competition being Kris Allen and the second winner being Adam Lambert.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.","translated_text":"Each of the event's finalists is entitled to an album recording under a prominent American label.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"8","translated_text":"8","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"American Idol musim kedelapan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kedelapan kalinya pada 2009.","translated_text":"The eighth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the eighth time in 2009.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"American Idol musim kedelapan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kedelapan kalinya pada 2009. Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 13 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi.","translated_text":"The eighth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the eighth time in 2009. The competition featured 13 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":291,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":291,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"American Idol musim kedelapan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kedelapan kalinya pada 2009. Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 13 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi. Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.","translated_text":"The eighth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the eighth time in 2009. The competition featured 13 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi. The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":392,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 13 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi. Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis. Finalis dalam american idol musim kedelapan ini adalah Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, dan Jasmine Murray.","translated_text":"The competition featured 13 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi. The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances. The finalists in this eighth season of American Idol were Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, and Jasmine Murray.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":471,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":471,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis. Finalis dalam american idol musim kedelapan ini adalah Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, dan Jasmine Murray. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Kris Allen dan juara keduanya adalah Adam Lambert.","translated_text":"The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances. The finalists in this eighth season of American Idol were Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, and Jasmine Murray. With the main winner of the competition being Kris Allen and the second winner being Adam Lambert.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":444,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.amazon.com/Season-8-American-Idol/dp/B002FJ9ACS ''American Idol Musim Kedelapan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":444,"name":"Idol","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Finalis dalam american idol musim kedelapan ini adalah Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, dan Jasmine Murray. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Kris Allen dan juara keduanya adalah Adam Lambert. Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.","translated_text":"The finalists in this eighth season of American Idol were Kris Allen, Adam Lambert, Danny Gokey, Allison Iraheta, Matt Giraud, Anoop Desai, Lil Rounds, Scott Maclntyre, Megan Joy, Michael Sarver, Alexis Grace, Jorge Nunez, and Jasmine Murray. With the main winner of the competition being Kris Allen and the second winner being Adam Lambert. Each of the event's finalists is entitled to an album recording under a prominent American label.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.americanidol.com/contestants/season_8/ ''Top 13 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":448,"name":"Top","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Skid Row","wikicode":"{{Infobox musical artist  <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->\n| name             = Skid Row\n| img              = Skid Row.jpg\n| img_capt         = Skid Row tampil di Texas Rockfest tahun 2008.\n| img_size         = 250\n| landscape        = Yes\n| background       = group_or_band\n| alias            = \n| origin           = [[Toms River, New Jersey|Toms River]], [[New Jersey]], [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| genre            = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]], [[Glam metal]]\n| years_active     = 1986-1996, 1999-present\n| label            = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]], Skid Row, [[SPV GmbH|SPV]]\n| URL              = [http://www.skidrow.com Official site]\n| current_members  = [[Rachel Bolan]]<br />[[Dave Sabo|Dave \"The Snake\" Sabo]]<br />[[Scotti Hill]]<br />[[Johnny Solinger]]<br />Rob Hammersmith\n| past_members     = Lihat: [[List of Skid Row band members]]\n}}\n'''Skid Row''' adalah sebuah grup musik hard rock/heavy metal dari [[Amerika Serikat]].\n\n== Sejarah ==\n'''Skid Row''' adalah sebuah grup band asal [[New Jersey]], [[Amerika Serikat]], yang beraliran \"glam metal\" ini terbentuk pada tahun 1986 dengan formasi awal [[Matt Fallon]], [[Dave Sabo]], [[Steve Brotherton]] dan [[Rachel Bolan]].<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\nGrup band ini merupakan salah satu dari generasi terakhir grup [[hair metal]] yang sempat sukses dan mencetak hits sebelum digeser oleh aliran [[grunge]] pada awal tahun 1990.<ref name=\"luveronation\" /> Pada awal masa pembentukan, mereka sering mengadakan konser di klab-klab lokal di bagian [[Timur]], [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]]. Dengan dukungan untuk menjadi band [[Rock]] terkenal.<ref name=\"luveronation\" />\n\nAkhirnya, dengan formasi baru yaitu [[Sebastian Bach]], [[Dave Sabo]], [[Scotti Hill]], [[Rachel Bolan]] dan [[Rob Affuso]] mampu menembus dunia rekaman setelah dibantu oleh senior mereka, yang berasal dari grup rock [[Bon Jovi]] yang telah sukses terlebih dahulu, yang sama-sama berasal dari [[New Jersey]], yaitu [[Jon]] [[Bon Jovi]] yang ternyata adalah teman baik [[Dave Sabo]], Skid Row merilis [[album]] pertama mereka yang bertitel Skid Row.<ref name=\"luveronation\" /> Menyusul pada tahun 1991 Skid Row merilis album kedua mereka [[Slave to The Grind]].<ref name=\"luveronation\" />\n\nNama Skid Row mulai tenggelam.<ref name=\"luveronation\" /> Pertengahan dekade 2000, mereka merekrut [[Johnny Solinger]] menggantikan [[Sebastian Bach]] dan menjalani konser sebagai band pembuka.<ref name=\"luveronation\" /> Pada tahun 2003 mereka merilis album [[Thick Skin]] dan menyusul pada tahun 2006 [[Revolutions Per Minute]].<ref name=\"luveronation\" /> Semenjak itu nama Skid Row semakin tenggelam.<ref name=\"luveronation\" /> Keeksisan mereka mulai pudar,hanya saja penggemar setia nya dan pengamat [[musik]] serta kita yg menyukai musik Rock, mengetahui bahwa Skid Row pernah berjaya dan mewarnai belantika musik Rock pada akhir dekade 1980, masa di mana musik [[Rock]] dan [[Metal]] berjaya.<ref name=\"luveronation\" />\n\n== Album ==\n=== Album studio ===\n{|Border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;\"\n| '''Date of release'''\n| '''Title'''\n| '''Label'''\n| '''[[Billboard 200|Billboard peak]]'''\n| '''[[RIAA certification|RIAA cert.]]'''\n|-\n|[[1989]]\n|''[[Skid Row (album)|Skid Row]]''\n|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]\n|#6\n|5x platinum\n|-\n|[[1991]]\n|''[[Slave to the Grind]]''\n|Atlantic\n|#1\n|2x platinum\n|-\n|[[1995]]\n|''[[Subhuman Race]]''\n|Atlantic\n|#35\n|None\n|-\n|[[2003]]\n|''[[Thickskin]]''\n|Blind Man Sound\n| -\n|None\n|-\n|[[2006]]\n|''[[Revolutions per Minute (Skid Row album)|Revolutions per Minute]]''\n|[[SPV GmbH|SPV]]\n| -\n|None\n|-\n|[[2022]]\n|''The Gang's All Here''\n|\n|\n|\n|-\n|}\n\n{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Year\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Album details\n! colspan=\"10\"|Peak chart positions\n! rowspan=\"2\"| [[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]]<br /><small>([[List of best selling music artists|sales threshold]])</small>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! width=\"25\"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br /><ref name=\"Billboard 200\">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/skid-row/chart-history/5684?f=305&g=Albums|title=Skid Row Album & Song Chart History: Billboard 200|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Independent Albums|US Indie]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/skid-row/chart-history/5684?f=326&g=Albums|title=Skid Row Album & Song Chart History: Independent Albums|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal: Albums|publisher=australian-charts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=Austrian Top 40 - Austrian chart portal: Albums|publisher=austriancharts.at|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=v2a76h62to0aart05gg0u3agj2&q1=Skid+Row&x=42&y=9|title=Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada: Top Albums/CDs|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[MegaCharts|NL]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=dutchchart.nl - Dutch charts portal: Albums|publisher=dutchcharts.nl|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norwegiancharts.com//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=norwegiancharts.com - Norwegian charts portal: Albums|publisher=norwegiancharts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref name=\"SWE\">{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishcharts.com//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal|publisher=swedishcharts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparade.ch//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=Die Offizielle Schweizer Hitparade und Music Community|publisher=hitparade.ch|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name=\"Chart Stats - Skid Row\">{{cite web|url=http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=5641|title=Chart Stats - Skid Row|publisher=chartstats.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120722095547/http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=5641|archivedate=2012-07-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n|-\n| 1989\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Skid Row (album)|Skid Row]]'''''\n* Release date: January 24, 1989\n* Label: [[Atlantic Records]]\n| 6\n| —\n| 12\n| —\n| 11\n| —\n| —\n| 21\n| 26\n| 30\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 5× Platinum<ref name=\"RIAA\">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Skid%20Row&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - June 03, 2010: Skid Row certified albums|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n* [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: Gold<ref name=\"BPI\">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI search results|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n* [[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CAN]]: 5× Platinum<ref name=\"CRIA\">{{cite web|url=http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php|title=Canadian Recording Industry Association search results|publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010|archive-date=2016-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111074458/http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n|-\n| 1991\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Slave to the Grind]]'''''\n* Released: June 11, 1991\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| 1\n| —\n| 3\n| 16\n| 8\n| —\n| 12\n| 9\n| 15\n| 2\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* US: 2× Platinum<ref name=\"RIAA\" />\n* UK: Silver<ref name=\"BPI\" />\n* CAN: 3× Platinum<ref name=\"CRIA\" />\n|-\n| 1995\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Subhuman Race]]'''''\n* Release date: March 28, 1995\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| 35\n| —\n| 5\n| —\n| 31\n| 84\n| —\n| 21\n| 49\n| 8\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* CAN: Platinum<ref name=\"CRIA\" />\n|-\n| 2003\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Thickskin]]'''''\n* Release date: August 5, 2003\n* Label: Blind Man Sound\n| —\n| 46\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n| 2006\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Revolutions per Minute (Skid Row album)|Revolutions per Minute]]'''''\n* Release date: October 24, 2006\n* Label: SPV Records\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Colspan=\"20\" style=\"font-size:8pt\"| \"—\" denotes releases that did not chart\n|-\n|}\n\n=== Penjualan album ===\n{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Year\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Album details\n! colspan=\"2\"|Peak positions\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Certifications<br /><small>(sales threshold)</small>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! width=\"25\"|US<br /><ref name=\"Billboard 200\" />\n! width=\"25\"|SWE<br /><ref name=\"SWE\" />\n|-\n| 1992\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[B-Side Ourselves]]'''''\n* Release date: September 22, 1992\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| 58\n| 48\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* US: Gold<ref name=\"RIAA\" />\n|-\n|}\n\n=== Album konser ===\n{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Album details\n|-\n| 1995\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Subhuman Beings on Tour]]'''''\n* Release date: 1995\n* Label: East West Records Japan\n|-\n|}\n\n=== Album kompilasi ===\n{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Album details\n|-\n| 1998\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[40 Seasons: The Best of Skid Row]]'''''\n* Release date: November 3, 1998\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n|-\n| 2005\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''Hi-Five'''''\n* Release date: 2005\n* Label: [[Rhino Records|Rhino]]/Atlantic Records\n|-\n|}\n\n== Lagu tunggal ==\n{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Year\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Single\n! colspan=\"7\"|Peak chart positions\n! rowspan=\"2\"| [[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]]<br /><small>([[List of best selling music artists|sales threshold]])</small>\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Album\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! width=\"30\"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /><ref name=\"Allmusic singles\">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p5444|title=allmusic ((( Skid Row > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|US Main]]<br /><ref name=\"Allmusic singles\" />\n! width=\"30\"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name=\"Chart Stats - Skid Row\"/>\n! width=\"30\"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=s|title=australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal: Singles|publisher=australian-charts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Canadian Singles Chart|CAN]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=0d6fcgu013din5ae5rd8qrr870&q1=Skid+Row&x=41&y=18|title=Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada: Top Singles|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishcharts.com//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=s|title=swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal: Singles|publisher=swedishcharts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparade.ch//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=s|title=Die Offizielle Hitparade und Music Community|publisher=hitparade.ch|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1989\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Youth Gone Wild]]\"\n| 99\n| 27\n| 42\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"| ''Skid Row''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[18 and Life]]\"\n| 4\n| 11\n| 12\n| —\n| 6\n| 17\n| —\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Skid%20Row&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - June 03, 2010: Skid Row certified singles|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[I Remember You (Skid Row song)|I Remember You]]\"\n| 6\n| 23\n| 36\n| 12\n| 14\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Rowspan=\"4\"| 1991\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Monkey Business (Skid Row song)|Monkey Business]]\"\n| —\n| 13\n| 19\n| 31\n| 59\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"| ''Slave to the Grind''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Slave to the Grind (song)|Slave to the Grind]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| 43\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Wasted Time (Skid Row song)|Wasted Time]]\"\n| 88\n| 30\n| 20\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[In a Darkened Room]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| 27\n| \n|-\n| 1992\n|Align=\"left\"| \"Youth Gone Wild\"/\"Delivering the Goods\"\n| —\n| —\n| 22\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\"| ''B-Side Ourselves''\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1995\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[My Enemy]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"| ''Subhuman Race''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Breakin' Down]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| 48\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Into Another]]\"\n| —\n| 28\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Rowspan=\"2\"| 2003\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[I Remember You (Skid Row song)|I Remember You Two]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"| ''Thickskin''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"Ghost\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n| 2006\n|Align=\"left\"| \"Strength\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\"| ''Revolutions per Minute''\n|-\n|Colspan=\"20\" style=\"font-size:8pt\"| \"—\" denotes releases that did not chart\n|-\n|}\n\n== Videografi ==\n=== Video album ===\n{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Album details\n! [[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]]<br /><small>([[List of best selling music artists|sales threshold]])</small>\n|-\n| 1990\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Oh Say Can You Scream]]'''''\n* Release date: December 4, 1990\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* US: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Skid%20Row&format=VIDEO&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - June 03, 2010: Skid Row certified video albums|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n|-\n| 1993\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[No Frills Video]]'''''\n* Release date: November 2, 1993\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| \n|-\n| 1993\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Road Kill (video)|Road Kill]]'''''\n* Release date: October 16, 1993\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| \n|-\n| 2003\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''Under the Skin'''''\n* Release date: 2003\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| \n|}\n\n=== Video musik ===\n{|Class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Song\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1989\n| \"Youth Gone Wild\"\n|-\n| \"18 and Life\"\n|-\n| \"I Remember You\"\n|- \n| 1990\n| \"Piece of Me\"\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"2\"| 1991\n| \"Monkey Business\"\n|-\n| \"Slave to the Grind\"\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1992\n| \"Wasted Time\"\n|-\n| \"Quicksand Jesus\"\n|-\n| \"In a Darkened Room\"\n|-\n| 1995\n| \"My Enemy\"\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"2\"| 1996\n| \"Breakin' Down\"\n|-\n| \"Into Another\"\n|-\n| 2003\n| \"Ghost\"\n|-\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{sisterlinks|Skidrow (grup musik)}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Grup musik Amerika Serikat]]","hash":"4c6c6882af6b265c7d504ae33b51f9d7b4d4fe9395f8703930fccf0f8caa6978","last_revision":"2024-01-17T13:28:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T16:51:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.770008","cross_lingual_links":{"ast":"Skid Row","bg":"Скид Роу (САЩ)","ca":"Skid Row","cs":"Skid Row (americká hudební skupina)","da":"Skid Row","de":"Skid Row","el":"Skid Row (αμερικάνικο συγκρότημα)","eml":"Skid Row","en":"Skid Row (American band)","es":"Skid Row","et":"Skid Row (ansambel)","fa":"اسکید رو (گروه موسیقی آمریکایی)","fi":"Skid Row (yhdysvaltalainen yhtye)","fr":"Skid Row (groupe américain)","gl":"Skid Row","he":"Skid Row","hu":"Skid Row (amerikai együttes)","it":"Skid Row","ja":"スキッド・ロウ (バンド)","jv":"Skid Row","ko":"스키드 로 (미국의 밴드)","mk":"Skid Row","nl":"Skid Row","nb":"Skid Row","pl":"Skid Row (amerykański zespół muzyczny)","pt":"Skid Row","ro":"Skid Row","ru":"Skid Row","simple":"Skid Row (American band)","sk":"Skid Row","sr":"Skid Row","sv":"Skid Row (amerikansk musikgrupp)","tr":"Skid Row","uk":"Skid Row (хеві-метал-гурт)","vi":"Skid Row (ban nhạc Mỹ)","zh":"史奇洛"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Skid Row adalah sebuah grup musik hard rock/heavy metal dari Amerika Serikat.\n\nSkid Row adalah sebuah grup band asal New Jersey, Amerika Serikat, yang beraliran \"glam metal\" ini terbentuk pada tahun 1986 dengan formasi awal Matt Fallon, Dave Sabo, Steve Brotherton dan Rachel Bolan.\n\nGrup band ini merupakan salah satu dari generasi terakhir grup hair metal yang sempat sukses dan mencetak hits sebelum digeser oleh aliran grunge pada awal tahun 1990. Pada awal masa pembentukan, mereka sering mengadakan konser di klab-klab lokal di bagian Timur, Amerika. Dengan dukungan untuk menjadi band Rock terkenal.\n\nAkhirnya, dengan formasi baru yaitu Sebastian Bach, Dave Sabo, Scotti Hill, Rachel Bolan dan Rob Affuso mampu menembus dunia rekaman setelah dibantu oleh senior mereka, yang berasal dari grup rock Bon Jovi yang telah sukses terlebih dahulu, yang sama-sama berasal dari New Jersey, yaitu Jon Bon Jovi yang ternyata adalah teman baik Dave Sabo, Skid Row merilis album pertama mereka yang bertitel Skid Row. Menyusul pada tahun 1991 Skid Row merilis album kedua mereka Slave to The Grind.\n\nNama Skid Row mulai tenggelam. Pertengahan dekade 2000, mereka merekrut Johnny Solinger menggantikan Sebastian Bach dan menjalani konser sebagai band pembuka. Pada tahun 2003 mereka merilis album Thick Skin dan menyusul pada tahun 2006 Revolutions Per Minute. Semenjak itu nama Skid Row semakin tenggelam. Keeksisan mereka mulai pudar,hanya saja penggemar setia nya dan pengamat musik serta kita yg menyukai musik Rock, mengetahui bahwa Skid Row pernah berjaya dan mewarnai belantika musik Rock pada akhir dekade 1980, masa di mana musik Rock dan Metal berjaya.\n\nKategori:Grup musik Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox musical artist  <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->\n| name             = Skid Row\n| img              = Skid Row.jpg\n| img_capt         = Skid Row tampil di Texas Rockfest tahun 2008.\n| img_size         = 250\n| landscape        = Yes\n| background       = group_or_band\n| alias            = \n| origin           = [[Toms River, New Jersey|Toms River]], [[New Jersey]], [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| genre            = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|Heavy metal]], [[Glam metal]]\n| years_active     = 1986-1996, 1999-present\n| label            = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]], Skid Row, [[SPV GmbH|SPV]]\n| URL              = [http://www.skidrow.com Official site]\n| current_members  = [[Rachel Bolan]]<br />[[Dave Sabo|Dave \"The Snake\" Sabo]]<br />[[Scotti Hill]]<br />[[Johnny Solinger]]<br />Rob Hammersmith\n| past_members     = Lihat: [[List of Skid Row band members]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Skid Row adalah sebuah grup musik hard rock/heavy metal dari Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Skid Row is an American hard rock/heavy metal band.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Skid Row adalah sebuah grup band asal New Jersey, Amerika Serikat, yang beraliran \"glam metal\" ini terbentuk pada tahun 1986 dengan formasi awal Matt Fallon, Dave Sabo, Steve Brotherton dan Rachel Bolan.","translated_text":"Skid Row is a glam metal band from New Jersey, United States, formed in 1986 with the early line-up of Matt Fallon, Dave Sabo, Steve Brotherton and Rachel Bolan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":203,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":203,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Grup band ini merupakan salah satu dari generasi terakhir grup hair metal yang sempat sukses dan mencetak hits sebelum digeser oleh aliran grunge pada awal tahun 1990.","translated_text":"The band was one of the last generation of successful hair metal bands and scored hits before being overtaken by the grunge movement in the early 1990s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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Sebastian Bach, Dave Sabo, Scotti Hill, Rachel Bolan and Rob Affuso able to break through the recording world with the help of their seniors, who came from previously successful rock band Bon Jovi, who were also from New Jersey, Jon Bon Jovi who turned out to be Dave Sabo's best friend, Skid Row released their first album titled Skid Row.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":404,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menyusul pada tahun 1991 Skid Row merilis album kedua mereka Slave to The Grind.","translated_text":"Following in 1991 Skid Row released their second album Slave to The Grind.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama Skid Row mulai tenggelam.","translated_text":"The name Skid Row is starting to sink.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":30,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertengahan dekade 2000, mereka merekrut Johnny Solinger menggantikan Sebastian Bach dan menjalani konser sebagai band pembuka.","translated_text":"In the mid-2000s, they recruited Johnny Solinger to replace Sebastian Bach and performed as the opening act.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":127,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2003 mereka merilis album Thick Skin dan menyusul pada tahun 2006 Revolutions Per Minute.","translated_text":"In 2003 they released the album Thick Skin and followed it up in 2006 with Revolutions Per Minute.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":100,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}</ref>","char_index":45,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keeksisan mereka mulai pudar,hanya saja penggemar setia nya dan pengamat musik serta kita yg menyukai musik Rock, mengetahui bahwa Skid Row pernah berjaya dan mewarnai belantika musik Rock pada akhir dekade 1980, masa di mana musik Rock dan Metal berjaya.","translated_text":"Their excitement began to fade, only his loyal fans and music observers as well as those of us who love rock music, knew that Skid Row was a success and colored the backdrop of rock music in the late 1980s, a time when rock and metal were successful.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":255,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Album","translated_text":"The album","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Album studio","translated_text":"The studio album","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Border=\"2\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;\"\n| '''Date of release'''\n| '''Title'''\n| '''Label'''\n| '''[[Billboard 200|Billboard peak]]'''\n| '''[[RIAA certification|RIAA cert.]]'''\n|-\n|[[1989]]\n|''[[Skid Row (album)|Skid Row]]''\n|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]\n|#6\n|5x platinum\n|-\n|[[1991]]\n|''[[Slave to the Grind]]''\n|Atlantic\n|#1\n|2x platinum\n|-\n|[[1995]]\n|''[[Subhuman Race]]''\n|Atlantic\n|#35\n|None\n|-\n|[[2003]]\n|''[[Thickskin]]''\n|Blind Man Sound\n| -\n|None\n|-\n|[[2006]]\n|''[[Revolutions per Minute (Skid Row album)|Revolutions per Minute]]''\n|[[SPV GmbH|SPV]]\n| -\n|None\n|-\n|[[2022]]\n|''The Gang's All Here''\n|\n|\n|\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Year\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Album details\n! colspan=\"10\"|Peak chart positions\n! rowspan=\"2\"| [[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]]<br /><small>([[List of best selling music artists|sales threshold]])</small>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! width=\"25\"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br /><ref name=\"Billboard 200\">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/skid-row/chart-history/5684?f=305&g=Albums|title=Skid Row Album & Song Chart History: Billboard 200|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Independent Albums|US Indie]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/skid-row/chart-history/5684?f=326&g=Albums|title=Skid Row Album & Song Chart History: Independent Albums|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal: Albums|publisher=australian-charts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=Austrian Top 40 - Austrian chart portal: Albums|publisher=austriancharts.at|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=v2a76h62to0aart05gg0u3agj2&q1=Skid+Row&x=42&y=9|title=Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada: Top Albums/CDs|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[MegaCharts|NL]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=dutchchart.nl - Dutch charts portal: Albums|publisher=dutchcharts.nl|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[VG-lista|NOR]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norwegiancharts.com//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=norwegiancharts.com - Norwegian charts portal: Albums|publisher=norwegiancharts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref name=\"SWE\">{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishcharts.com//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal|publisher=swedishcharts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparade.ch//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=a|title=Die Offizielle Schweizer Hitparade und Music Community|publisher=hitparade.ch|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"25\"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name=\"Chart Stats - Skid Row\">{{cite web|url=http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=5641|title=Chart Stats - Skid Row|publisher=chartstats.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120722095547/http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=5641|archivedate=2012-07-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n|-\n| 1989\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Skid Row (album)|Skid Row]]'''''\n* Release date: January 24, 1989\n* Label: [[Atlantic Records]]\n| 6\n| —\n| 12\n| —\n| 11\n| —\n| —\n| 21\n| 26\n| 30\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: 5× Platinum<ref name=\"RIAA\">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Skid%20Row&format=ALBUM&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - June 03, 2010: Skid Row certified albums|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n* [[British Phonographic Industry|UK]]: Gold<ref name=\"BPI\">{{cite web|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|title=BPI search results|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n* [[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CAN]]: 5× Platinum<ref name=\"CRIA\">{{cite web|url=http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php|title=Canadian Recording Industry Association search results|publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010|archive-date=2016-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111074458/http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n|-\n| 1991\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Slave to the Grind]]'''''\n* Released: June 11, 1991\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| 1\n| —\n| 3\n| 16\n| 8\n| —\n| 12\n| 9\n| 15\n| 2\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* US: 2× Platinum<ref name=\"RIAA\" />\n* UK: Silver<ref name=\"BPI\" />\n* CAN: 3× Platinum<ref name=\"CRIA\" />\n|-\n| 1995\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Subhuman Race]]'''''\n* Release date: March 28, 1995\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| 35\n| —\n| 5\n| —\n| 31\n| 84\n| —\n| 21\n| 49\n| 8\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* CAN: Platinum<ref name=\"CRIA\" />\n|-\n| 2003\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Thickskin]]'''''\n* Release date: August 5, 2003\n* Label: Blind Man Sound\n| —\n| 46\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n| 2006\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Revolutions per Minute (Skid Row album)|Revolutions per Minute]]'''''\n* Release date: October 24, 2006\n* Label: SPV Records\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Colspan=\"20\" style=\"font-size:8pt\"| \"—\" denotes releases that did not chart\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Penjualan album","translated_text":"Sales of albums","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Year\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Album details\n! colspan=\"2\"|Peak positions\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Certifications<br /><small>(sales threshold)</small>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! width=\"25\"|US<br /><ref name=\"Billboard 200\" />\n! width=\"25\"|SWE<br /><ref name=\"SWE\" />\n|-\n| 1992\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[B-Side Ourselves]]'''''\n* Release date: September 22, 1992\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| 58\n| 48\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* US: Gold<ref name=\"RIAA\" />\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Album konser","translated_text":"The concert album","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Album details\n|-\n| 1995\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Subhuman Beings on Tour]]'''''\n* Release date: 1995\n* Label: East West Records Japan\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Album kompilasi","translated_text":"Compilation album","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Album details\n|-\n| 1998\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[40 Seasons: The Best of Skid Row]]'''''\n* Release date: November 3, 1998\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n|-\n| 2005\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''Hi-Five'''''\n* Release date: 2005\n* Label: [[Rhino Records|Rhino]]/Atlantic Records\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lagu tunggal","translated_text":"Single song","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Year\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Single\n! colspan=\"7\"|Peak chart positions\n! rowspan=\"2\"| [[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]]<br /><small>([[List of best selling music artists|sales threshold]])</small>\n! rowspan=\"2\"|Album\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! width=\"30\"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /><ref name=\"Allmusic singles\">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p5444|title=allmusic ((( Skid Row > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|US Main]]<br /><ref name=\"Allmusic singles\" />\n! width=\"30\"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name=\"Chart Stats - Skid Row\"/>\n! width=\"30\"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=s|title=australian-charts.com - Australian charts portal: Singles|publisher=australian-charts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Canadian Singles Chart|CAN]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-110.01-e.php?PHPSESSID=0d6fcgu013din5ae5rd8qrr870&q1=Skid+Row&x=41&y=18|title=Results - RPM - Library and Archives Canada: Top Singles|publisher=[[RPM (magazine)]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishcharts.com//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=s|title=swedishcharts.com - Swedish charts portal: Singles|publisher=swedishcharts.com|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n! width=\"30\"| [[Swiss Music Charts|SWI]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparade.ch//search.asp?search=Skid+Row&cat=s|title=Die Offizielle Hitparade und Music Community|publisher=hitparade.ch|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1989\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Youth Gone Wild]]\"\n| 99\n| 27\n| 42\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"| ''Skid Row''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[18 and Life]]\"\n| 4\n| 11\n| 12\n| —\n| 6\n| 17\n| —\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* [[Recording Industry Association of America|US]]: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Skid%20Row&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - June 03, 2010: Skid Row certified singles|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[I Remember You (Skid Row song)|I Remember You]]\"\n| 6\n| 23\n| 36\n| 12\n| 14\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Rowspan=\"4\"| 1991\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Monkey Business (Skid Row song)|Monkey Business]]\"\n| —\n| 13\n| 19\n| 31\n| 59\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"| ''Slave to the Grind''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Slave to the Grind (song)|Slave to the Grind]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| 43\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Wasted Time (Skid Row song)|Wasted Time]]\"\n| 88\n| 30\n| 20\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[In a Darkened Room]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| 27\n| \n|-\n| 1992\n|Align=\"left\"| \"Youth Gone Wild\"/\"Delivering the Goods\"\n| —\n| —\n| 22\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\"| ''B-Side Ourselves''\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1995\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[My Enemy]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"| ''Subhuman Race''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Breakin' Down]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| 48\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[Into Another]]\"\n| —\n| 28\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n|Rowspan=\"2\"| 2003\n|Align=\"left\"| \"[[I Remember You (Skid Row song)|I Remember You Two]]\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"| ''Thickskin''\n|-\n|Align=\"left\"| \"Ghost\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|-\n| 2006\n|Align=\"left\"| \"Strength\"\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| —\n| \n|Align=\"left\"| ''Revolutions per Minute''\n|-\n|Colspan=\"20\" style=\"font-size:8pt\"| \"—\" denotes releases that did not chart\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Videografi","translated_text":"The video","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Video album","translated_text":"Video of the album","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center;\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Album details\n! [[Music recording sales certification|Certifications]]<br /><small>([[List of best selling music artists|sales threshold]])</small>\n|-\n| 1990\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Oh Say Can You Scream]]'''''\n* Release date: December 4, 1990\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n|Align=\"left\"| \n* US: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Skid%20Row&format=VIDEO&go=Search&perPage=50|title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - June 03, 2010: Skid Row certified video albums|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|accessdate=15 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n|-\n| 1993\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[No Frills Video]]'''''\n* Release date: November 2, 1993\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| \n|-\n| 1993\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''[[Road Kill (video)|Road Kill]]'''''\n* Release date: October 16, 1993\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| \n|-\n| 2003\n|Align=\"left\"| '''''Under the Skin'''''\n* Release date: 2003\n* Label: Atlantic Records\n| \n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Video musik","translated_text":"Music video","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Year\n! Song\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1989\n| \"Youth Gone Wild\"\n|-\n| \"18 and Life\"\n|-\n| \"I Remember You\"\n|- \n| 1990\n| \"Piece of Me\"\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"2\"| 1991\n| \"Monkey Business\"\n|-\n| \"Slave to the Grind\"\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"3\"| 1992\n| \"Wasted Time\"\n|-\n| \"Quicksand Jesus\"\n|-\n| \"In a Darkened Room\"\n|-\n| 1995\n| \"My Enemy\"\n|-\n|Rowspan=\"2\"| 1996\n| \"Breakin' Down\"\n|-\n| \"Into Another\"\n|-\n| 2003\n| \"Ghost\"\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Grup musik Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"Music group of the United States","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Skid Row adalah sebuah grup band asal New Jersey, Amerika Serikat, yang beraliran \"glam metal\" ini terbentuk pada tahun 1986 dengan formasi awal Matt Fallon, Dave Sabo, Steve Brotherton dan Rachel Bolan.","translated_text":"Skid Row is a glam metal band from New Jersey, United States, formed in 1986 with the early line-up of Matt Fallon, Dave Sabo, Steve Brotherton and Rachel Bolan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":203,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":203,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Grup band ini merupakan salah satu dari generasi terakhir grup hair metal yang sempat sukses dan mencetak hits sebelum digeser oleh aliran grunge pada awal tahun 1990.","translated_text":"The band was one of the last generation of successful hair metal bands and scored hits before being overtaken by the grunge movement in the early 1990s.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Grup band ini merupakan salah satu dari generasi terakhir grup hair metal yang sempat sukses dan mencetak hits sebelum digeser oleh aliran grunge pada awal tahun 1990. Pada awal masa pembentukan, mereka sering mengadakan konser di klab-klab lokal di bagian Timur, Amerika. Dengan dukungan untuk menjadi band Rock terkenal.","translated_text":"The band was one of the last generation of successful hair metal bands and scored hits before being overtaken by the grunge movement in the early 1990s. In the early days of their formation, they often performed in local clubs in the American East. With the support to become a famous rock band.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":322,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akhirnya, dengan formasi baru yaitu Sebastian Bach, Dave Sabo, Scotti Hill, Rachel Bolan dan Rob Affuso mampu menembus dunia rekaman setelah dibantu oleh senior mereka, yang berasal dari grup rock Bon Jovi yang telah sukses terlebih dahulu, yang sama-sama berasal dari New Jersey, yaitu Jon Bon Jovi yang ternyata adalah teman baik Dave Sabo, Skid Row merilis album pertama mereka yang bertitel Skid Row.","translated_text":"Finally, with the new line-up of Sebastian Bach, Dave Sabo, Scotti Hill, Rachel Bolan and Rob Affuso able to break through the recording world with the help of their seniors, who came from previously successful rock band Bon Jovi, who were also from New Jersey, Jon Bon Jovi who turned out to be Dave Sabo's best friend, Skid Row released their first album titled Skid Row.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":404,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akhirnya, dengan formasi baru yaitu Sebastian Bach, Dave Sabo, Scotti Hill, Rachel Bolan dan Rob Affuso mampu menembus dunia rekaman setelah dibantu oleh senior mereka, yang berasal dari grup rock Bon Jovi yang telah sukses terlebih dahulu, yang sama-sama berasal dari New Jersey, yaitu Jon Bon Jovi yang ternyata adalah teman baik Dave Sabo, Skid Row merilis album pertama mereka yang bertitel Skid Row. Menyusul pada tahun 1991 Skid Row merilis album kedua mereka Slave to The Grind.","translated_text":"Finally, with the new line-up of Sebastian Bach, Dave Sabo, Scotti Hill, Rachel Bolan and Rob Affuso able to break through the recording world with the help of their seniors, who came from previously successful rock band Bon Jovi, who were also from New Jersey, Jon Bon Jovi who turned out to be Dave Sabo's best friend, Skid Row released their first album titled Skid Row. Following in 1991 Skid Row released their second album Slave to The Grind.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":485,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nama Skid Row mulai tenggelam.","translated_text":"The name Skid Row is starting to sink.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":30,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nama Skid Row mulai tenggelam. Pertengahan dekade 2000, mereka merekrut Johnny Solinger menggantikan Sebastian Bach dan menjalani konser sebagai band pembuka.","translated_text":"The name Skid Row is starting to sink. In the mid-2000s, they recruited Johnny Solinger to replace Sebastian Bach and performed as the opening act.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nama Skid Row mulai tenggelam. Pertengahan dekade 2000, mereka merekrut Johnny Solinger menggantikan Sebastian Bach dan menjalani konser sebagai band pembuka. Pada tahun 2003 mereka merilis album Thick Skin dan menyusul pada tahun 2006 Revolutions Per Minute.","translated_text":"The name Skid Row is starting to sink. In the mid-2000s, they recruited Johnny Solinger to replace Sebastian Bach and performed as the opening act. In 2003 they released the album Thick Skin and followed it up in 2006 with Revolutions Per Minute.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pertengahan dekade 2000, mereka merekrut Johnny Solinger menggantikan Sebastian Bach dan menjalani konser sebagai band pembuka. Pada tahun 2003 mereka merilis album Thick Skin dan menyusul pada tahun 2006 Revolutions Per Minute. Semenjak itu nama Skid Row semakin tenggelam.","translated_text":"In the mid-2000s, they recruited Johnny Solinger to replace Sebastian Bach and performed as the opening act. In 2003 they released the album Thick Skin and followed it up in 2006 with Revolutions Per Minute. The name Skid Row has been sinking ever since.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":274,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2003 mereka merilis album Thick Skin dan menyusul pada tahun 2006 Revolutions Per Minute. Semenjak itu nama Skid Row semakin tenggelam. Keeksisan mereka mulai pudar,hanya saja penggemar setia nya dan pengamat musik serta kita yg menyukai musik Rock, mengetahui bahwa Skid Row pernah berjaya dan mewarnai belantika musik Rock pada akhir dekade 1980, masa di mana musik Rock dan Metal berjaya.","translated_text":"In 2003 they released the album Thick Skin and followed it up in 2006 with Revolutions Per Minute. The name Skid Row has been sinking ever since. Their excitement began to fade, only his loyal fans and music observers as well as those of us who love rock music, knew that Skid Row was a success and colored the backdrop of rock music in the late 1980s, a time when rock and metal were successful.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"luveronation\">{{Cite web |url=http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-16 |archive-date=2009-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818175826/http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":402,"name":"luveronation","url":"http://luveronation.nice-forum.net/music-and-film-f28/biografi-grup-rock-skid-row-t419.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.502088-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Lee De Forest","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n|name = Lee De Forest\n|image = Lee De Forest.jpg\n|caption = \n|birth_date = {{birth date|1873|8|26|mf=y}} \n|birth_place = [[Council Bluffs, Iowa]]\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1961|6|30|1873|8|26|mf=y}}\n|death_place = [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California]]\n|occupation = [[Inventor]] \n|salary = \n|parents = Henry Swift DeForest<br />Anna Robbins\n|spouse ={{marriage|Lucille Sheardown |1906}}<br />[[Nora Stanton Blatch Barney]] (m. 1907-1911)<br />Mary Mayo (m. 1912-?)\n<br />[[Marie Mosquini]] (m. 1930-1961)\n|relatives = [[Calvert DeForest]], grandnephew\n|footnotes = \n|known_for= [[triode]]\n}}\n\n'''Lee DeForest''' ({{lahirmati||26|8|1873||30|6|1961}}) adalah seorang [[ahli]] [[fisika]] dari [[Amerika Serikat]] yang berhasil menemukan [[triode]] atau [[tabung]] [[audion]] pada tahun [[1906]].<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>\n\n== Kehidupan ==\nIa merupakan salah orang yang ikut berjasa dalam perkembangan [[teknologi]] [[radio]] selain [[Marconi]].<ref name=\"Media\" /> Ia sering disebut sebagai bapak [[radio]], [[kakek]] [[televisi]], [[doktor]] [[fisika]], serta telah berhasil menciptakan 300 [[penemuan]].<ref name=\"Media\" />\n\n[[Triode]] atau [[tabung]] [[audion]] adalah sebuah alat penting yang banyak digunakan pada [[radio]],[[telepon]], [[radar]], [[televisi]], dan [[komputer]].<ref name=\"Media\" /> Pada tahun [[1912]], De Forest menemukan bahwa [[triode]] atau [[tabung]] [[audion]] dapat dipakai sebagai penguat [[sinyal]] [[listrik]] dan pembangkit [[osilasi]].<ref>''The De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Tower: Bulletin No. 1'', Summer 1904.</ref> Saat itu triode banyak digunakan dalam berbagai [[alat]] [[komunikasi]], tetapi sejak tahun [[1947]] [[triode]] diganti oleh [[teknologi]] [[transistor]].<ref>[http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm The MetOpera Database (archives)]</ref> Meskipun [[teknologi]] [[triode]] yang ia ciptakan terganti dengan teknologi yang lain, tetapi De Forest tetap dianggap sebagai tokoh terkemuka di bidang [[elektronik]].<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>\n\nDe forest terlahir dari [[keluarga]] [[pendeta]]. Ayahnya merupakan seorang [[pendeta]] fanatik yang menginginkan dan menyiapkan De Forest untuk menjadi [[pendeta]] seperti dirinya.<ref name=\"census\" /> Ketika berusia 6 tahun, ia bersama keluarganya pindah ke [[Alabama]].<ref name=\"census\" /> Sebagai seorang [[pendeta]] yang baik, [[keluarga]] De Forest selalu membela [[kaum]] yang lebih lemah.<ref name=\"census\" /> Ayah De Forest mendirikan [[sekolah]] untuk orang-orang negro meskipun mendapatkan tentangan yang besar dari orang-orang kulit putih.<ref name=\"census\" />\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{wikiquote}}\n* [http://www.leedeforest.org Lee de Forest, American Inventor]\n* [http://www.deforestradio.com Dr. Lee De Forest internet radio project & forum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010607/http://deforestradio.com/ |date=2018-11-07 }}\n* {{imdb name|0208418}}\n* [http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/deforest.html Lee De Forest] at [[IEEE]]\n* [http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html Lee De Forest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922235252/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html |date=2009-09-22 }} at [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]]\n* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZR9KdkMlhM De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923)]\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041206080223/http://www.geocities.com/lyon95065/Radio.html Stephen Greene's ''Who said Lee de Forest was the \"Father of Radio\"?'']\n* Eugenii Katz's [http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/deforest.htm Lee De Forest]\n* Cole, A. B., \"''[http://earlyradiohistory.us/audi1916.htm Practical Pointers on the Audion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310182353/http://earlyradiohistory.us/audi1916.htm |date=2005-03-10 }}: Sales Manager - De Forest Radio Tel. & Tel. Co.''\", QST, March, 1916, pages 41–44:\n* Hong, Sungook, \"''[http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/Che2004/Hong.pdf A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation]''\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF)\n* [[PBS]], \"[http://www.pbs.org/transistor/quicktimes/movieclips/monkeysVIDEO/monkeysVIDEO_MSTR.mov ''Monkeys'']\"; a film on the Audion operation ([[QuickTime]] movie)\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Amerika Serikat}}","hash":"a115b9d4a9c1235aec421ea0e0657b1f1d2b816734de71a98b7032ce4b03c982","last_revision":"2022-12-01T09:38:23Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T17:00:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.830788","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"لي دي فورست","arz":"لى دى فورست","ast":"Lee De Forest","be":"Лі дэ Форэст","be-x-old":"Лі дэ Форэст","bg":"Лий де Форест","ca":"Lee De Forest","cs":"Lee de Forest","da":"Lee De Forest","de":"Lee De Forest","el":"Λη ντε Φόρεστ","en":"Lee de Forest","eo":"Lee De Forest","es":"Lee De Forest","et":"Lee De Forest","eu":"Lee de Forest","fa":"لی دفارست","fi":"Lee De Forest","fr":"Lee De Forest","ga":"Lee De Forest","gl":"Lee De Forest","he":"לי דה פורסט","hr":"Lee de Forest","io":"Lee de Forest","it":"Lee De Forest","ja":"リー・ド・フォレスト","jv":"Lee De Forest","kn":"ಲೀ ಡೀ ಫಾರೆಸ್ಟ್‌","ko":"리 디포리스트","mg":"Lee De Forest","nl":"Lee De Forest","nb":"Lee De Forest","pl":"Lee De Forest","pt":"Lee De Forest","ro":"Lee De Forest","ru":"Форест, Ли де","sh":"Lee De Forest","simple":"Lee de Forest","sr":"Li de Forest","sv":"Lee de Forest","ta":"லீ டி பாரெசுட்","te":"లీ డి ఫారెస్ట్","tl":"Lee de Forest","tr":"Lee de Forest","uk":"Лі де Форест","vi":"Lee de Forest","war":"Lee De Forest","wuu":"李·德富雷斯特","zh":"李·德富雷斯特","zh-min-nan":"Lee de Forest","zh-yue":"李·德弗雷斯特"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"Lee DeForest () adalah seorang ahli fisika dari Amerika Serikat yang berhasil menemukan triode atau tabung audion pada tahun 1906.\n\nIa merupakan salah orang yang ikut berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio selain Marconi. Ia sering disebut sebagai bapak radio, kakek televisi, doktor fisika, serta telah berhasil menciptakan 300 penemuan.\n\nTriode atau tabung audion adalah sebuah alat penting yang banyak digunakan pada radio,telepon, radar, televisi, dan komputer. Pada tahun 1912, De Forest menemukan bahwa triode atau tabung audion dapat dipakai sebagai penguat sinyal listrik dan pembangkit osilasi. Saat itu triode banyak digunakan dalam berbagai alat komunikasi, tetapi sejak tahun 1947 triode diganti oleh teknologi transistor. Meskipun teknologi triode yang ia ciptakan terganti dengan teknologi yang lain, tetapi De Forest tetap dianggap sebagai tokoh terkemuka di bidang elektronik.\n\nDe forest terlahir dari keluarga pendeta. Ayahnya merupakan seorang pendeta fanatik yang menginginkan dan menyiapkan De Forest untuk menjadi pendeta seperti dirinya. Ketika berusia 6 tahun, ia bersama keluarganya pindah ke Alabama. Sebagai seorang pendeta yang baik, keluarga De Forest selalu membela kaum yang lebih lemah. Ayah De Forest mendirikan sekolah untuk orang-orang negro meskipun mendapatkan tentangan yang besar dari orang-orang kulit putih.\n\nLee de Forest, American Inventor Dr. Lee De Forest internet radio project & forum\n\nLee De Forest at IEEE Lee De Forest at National Inventors Hall of Fame De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923) Stephen Greene's Who said Lee de Forest was the \"Father of Radio\"? Eugenii Katz's Lee De Forest Cole, A. B., \"Practical Pointers on the Audion : Sales Manager - De Forest Radio Tel. & Tel. Co.\", QST, March, 1916, pages 41–44: Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) PBS, \"Monkeys\"; a film on the Audion operation (QuickTime movie)\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name = Lee De Forest\n|image = Lee De Forest.jpg\n|caption = \n|birth_date = {{birth date|1873|8|26|mf=y}} \n|birth_place = [[Council Bluffs, Iowa]]\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1961|6|30|1873|8|26|mf=y}}\n|death_place = [[Hollywood, Los Angeles, California]]\n|occupation = [[Inventor]] \n|salary = \n|parents = Henry Swift DeForest<br />Anna Robbins\n|spouse ={{marriage|Lucille Sheardown |1906}}<br />[[Nora Stanton Blatch Barney]] (m. 1907-1911)<br />Mary Mayo (m. 1912-?)\n<br />[[Marie Mosquini]] (m. 1930-1961)\n|relatives = [[Calvert DeForest]], grandnephew\n|footnotes = \n|known_for= [[triode]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lee DeForest () adalah seorang ahli fisika dari Amerika Serikat yang berhasil menemukan triode atau tabung audion pada tahun 1906.","translated_text":"Lee DeForest () was a physicist from the United States who successfully invented the triode or audion tube in 1906.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"Media","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan","translated_text":"The Life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia merupakan salah orang yang ikut berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio selain 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name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>","char_index":116,"name":"Media","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Triode atau tabung audion adalah sebuah alat penting yang banyak digunakan pada radio,telepon, radar, televisi, dan komputer.","translated_text":"The triode or audion tube is an important tool widely used in radio, telephone, radar, television, and computers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, 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1904.</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat itu triode banyak digunakan dalam berbagai alat komunikasi, tetapi sejak tahun 1947 triode diganti oleh teknologi transistor.","translated_text":"At the time, the triode was widely used in various communication devices, but since 1947 the triode has been replaced by transistor technology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm The MetOpera Database (archives)]</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.702708-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun teknologi triode yang ia ciptakan terganti dengan teknologi yang lain, tetapi De Forest tetap dianggap sebagai tokoh terkemuka di bidang elektronik.","translated_text":"Although the triode technology he created was superseded by other technologies, De Forest remained a leading figure in the field of electronics.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>","char_index":157,"name":"census","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"De forest terlahir dari keluarga pendeta.","translated_text":"De Forest was born into a family of priests.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayahnya merupakan seorang pendeta fanatik yang menginginkan dan menyiapkan De Forest untuk menjadi pendeta seperti dirinya.","translated_text":"His father was a fanatical clergyman who wanted and prepared De Forest to become a priest like himself.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New 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","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922235252/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html |date=2009-09-22 }}","char_index":36,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090922235252/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.607263-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eugenii Katz's Lee De Forest Cole, A. B., \"Practical Pointers on the Audion : Sales Manager - De Forest Radio Tel.","translated_text":"Eugenii Katz's Lee De Forest Cole, A. B., \"Practical Pointers on the Audion: Sales Manager - De Forest Radio Tel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310182353/http://earlyradiohistory.us/audi1916.htm |date=2005-03-10 }}","char_index":76,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050310182353/http://earlyradiohistory.us/audi1916.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.676680-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"& Tel. Co.\", QST, March, 1916, pages 41–44: Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) PBS, \"Monkeys\"; a film on the Audion operation (QuickTime movie)","translated_text":"& Tel. Co., QST, March, 1916, pages 41 ⁇ 44: Hong, Sungook, \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" University, Seoul, Korea (PDF) PBS, \"Monkeys\"; a film on the Audion operation (QuickTime movie)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Lee DeForest () adalah seorang ahli fisika dari Amerika Serikat yang berhasil menemukan triode atau tabung audion pada tahun 1906.","translated_text":"Lee DeForest () was a physicist from the United States who successfully invented the triode or audion tube in 1906.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"Media","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia merupakan salah orang yang ikut berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio selain Marconi.","translated_text":"He was one of the people who helped develop radio technology besides Marconi.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"Media","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia merupakan salah orang yang ikut berjasa dalam perkembangan teknologi radio selain Marconi. Ia sering disebut sebagai bapak radio, kakek televisi, doktor fisika, serta telah berhasil menciptakan 300 penemuan.","translated_text":"He was one of the people who helped develop radio technology besides Marconi. He is often referred to as the father of radio, the grandfather of television, the doctor of physics, and has successfully invented 300 inventions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>","char_index":210,"name":"Media","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Triode atau tabung audion adalah sebuah alat penting yang banyak digunakan pada radio,telepon, radar, televisi, dan komputer.","translated_text":"The triode or audion tube is an important tool widely used in radio, telephone, radar, television, and computers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Media\" >[[Media:1900 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1900 US Census]] in [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]</ref>","char_index":125,"name":"Media","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Triode atau tabung audion adalah sebuah alat penting yang banyak digunakan pada radio,telepon, radar, televisi, dan komputer. Pada tahun 1912, De Forest menemukan bahwa triode atau tabung audion dapat dipakai sebagai penguat sinyal listrik dan pembangkit osilasi.","translated_text":"The triode or audion tube is an important tool widely used in radio, telephone, radar, television, and computers. In 1912, De Forest discovered that a triode or audion tube could be used as an electrical signal amplifier and oscillation generator.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>''The De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Tower: Bulletin No. 1'', Summer 1904.</ref>","char_index":263,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Triode atau tabung audion adalah sebuah alat penting yang banyak digunakan pada radio,telepon, radar, televisi, dan komputer. Pada tahun 1912, De Forest menemukan bahwa triode atau tabung audion dapat dipakai sebagai penguat sinyal listrik dan pembangkit osilasi. Saat itu triode banyak digunakan dalam berbagai alat komunikasi, tetapi sejak tahun 1947 triode diganti oleh teknologi transistor.","translated_text":"The triode or audion tube is an important tool widely used in radio, telephone, radar, television, and computers. In 1912, De Forest discovered that a triode or audion tube could be used as an electrical signal amplifier and oscillation generator. At the time, the triode was widely used in various communication devices, but since 1947 the triode has been replaced by transistor technology.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm The MetOpera Database (archives)]</ref>","char_index":394,"name":null,"url":"http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.702708-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1912, De Forest menemukan bahwa triode atau tabung audion dapat dipakai sebagai penguat sinyal listrik dan pembangkit osilasi. Saat itu triode banyak digunakan dalam berbagai alat komunikasi, tetapi sejak tahun 1947 triode diganti oleh teknologi transistor. Meskipun teknologi triode yang ia ciptakan terganti dengan teknologi yang lain, tetapi De Forest tetap dianggap sebagai tokoh terkemuka di bidang elektronik.","translated_text":"In 1912, De Forest discovered that a triode or audion tube could be used as an electrical signal amplifier and oscillation generator. At the time, the triode was widely used in various communication devices, but since 1947 the triode has been replaced by transistor technology. Although the triode technology he created was superseded by other technologies, De Forest remained a leading figure in the field of electronics.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>","char_index":426,"name":"census","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"De forest terlahir dari keluarga pendeta. Ayahnya merupakan seorang pendeta fanatik yang menginginkan dan menyiapkan De Forest untuk menjadi pendeta seperti dirinya.","translated_text":"De Forest was born into a family of priests. His father was a fanatical clergyman who wanted and prepared De Forest to become a priest like himself.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>","char_index":165,"name":"census","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"De forest terlahir dari keluarga pendeta. Ayahnya merupakan seorang pendeta fanatik yang menginginkan dan menyiapkan De Forest untuk menjadi pendeta seperti dirinya. Ketika berusia 6 tahun, ia bersama keluarganya pindah ke Alabama.","translated_text":"De Forest was born into a family of priests. His father was a fanatical clergyman who wanted and prepared De Forest to become a priest like himself. At the age of six, he and his family moved to Alabama.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>","char_index":231,"name":"census","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ayahnya merupakan seorang pendeta fanatik yang menginginkan dan menyiapkan De Forest untuk menjadi pendeta seperti dirinya. Ketika berusia 6 tahun, ia bersama keluarganya pindah ke Alabama. Sebagai seorang pendeta yang baik, keluarga De Forest selalu membela kaum yang lebih lemah.","translated_text":"His father was a fanatical clergyman who wanted and prepared De Forest to become a priest like himself. At the age of six, he and his family moved to Alabama. As a good preacher, the De Forest family always defended the weaker race.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>","char_index":281,"name":"census","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika berusia 6 tahun, ia bersama keluarganya pindah ke Alabama. Sebagai seorang pendeta yang baik, keluarga De Forest selalu membela kaum yang lebih lemah. Ayah De Forest mendirikan sekolah untuk orang-orang negro meskipun mendapatkan tentangan yang besar dari orang-orang kulit putih.","translated_text":"At the age of six, he and his family moved to Alabama. As a good preacher, the De Forest family always defended the weaker race. De Forest's father founded a school for blacks despite receiving great opposition from white people.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"census\" >[[Media:1920 census DeForest.jpg|Lee De Forest in the]] [[1920 US Census]] in the [[Bronx, New York]]</ref>","char_index":287,"name":"census","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lee de Forest, American Inventor Dr. Lee De Forest internet radio project & forum","translated_text":"Lee de Forest, American inventor Dr. Lee de Forest internet radio project and forum","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010607/http://deforestradio.com/ |date=2018-11-07 }}","char_index":81,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010607/http://deforestradio.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.538522-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lee De Forest at IEEE Lee De Forest at National Inventors Hall of Fame De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923) Stephen Greene's Who said Lee de Forest was the \"Father of Radio\"?","translated_text":"Lee De Forest at the IEEE Lee De Forest at the National Inventors Hall of Fame De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923) Stephen Greene's Who said Lee de Forest was the \"Father of Radio\"?","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922235252/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html |date=2009-09-22 }}","char_index":36,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090922235252/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/40.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.607263-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lee De Forest at IEEE Lee De Forest at National Inventors Hall of Fame De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923) Stephen Greene's Who said Lee de Forest was the \"Father of Radio\"? Eugenii Katz's Lee De Forest Cole, A. B., \"Practical Pointers on the Audion : Sales Manager - De Forest Radio Tel.","translated_text":"Lee De Forest at the IEEE Lee De Forest at the National Inventors Hall of Fame De Forest Phonofilm Sound Movie with Eddie Cantor (1923) Stephen Greene's Who said Lee de Forest was the \"Father of Radio\"? Eugenii Katz's Lee De Forest Cole, A. 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+{"title":"American Idol (musim 9)","wikicode":"[[Berkas:American Idol Experience stage.png|jmpl|ka|250px|Panggung American idol musim kesembilan]]\n'''American idol musim kesembilan''' merupakan kelanjutan tayangan [[reality show]] dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh [[Fox]] untuk kesembilan kalinya sejak 12 [[Januari 2010]] dan berakhir pada 26 [[Mei 2010]].<ref name=\"Top 12 Contestants\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Fcontestants%2Fseason_9%2F ''Top 12 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 12 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni [[Simon Cowell]], [[Paula Abdul]], [[Randy Jackson]], dan [[Kara DioGuardi]].<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta [[komentar]] atas penampilan para finalis.<ref name=\"American\"/> Finalis dalam american idol musim kesembilan ini adalah [[Andrew Garcia]], [[Casey James]], [[Crystal Bowersox]], [[Siobhan Magnus]], [[Katie Stevens]], [[Didi Benami]], [[Paige Milis]], [[Lacy Brown]], [[Lee DeWyze]], [[Michael Lynche]], [[Aaron Kelly]], dan [[Tim Urban]].<ref name=\"Top 12 Contestants\"/> Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Lee DeWyze dan runner-upnya adalah Crystal Bowersox.<ref name=\"American\"/> Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman [[album]] di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.<ref name=\"American\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{televisi-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Musim American Idol|9]]","hash":"38744a33778837b0e9c4a1f26d115a0b639fafac19f19d35d56f98d1a52b1a51","last_revision":"2024-04-18T14:52:44Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T17:06:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.882547","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"American Idol season 9","es":"Anexo:Novena temporada de American Idol","fa":"امریکن آیدل (فصل ۹)","fi":"American Idol (9. tuotantokausi)","ga":"American Idol (sraith 9)","ja":"アメリカン・アイドル (シーズン9)","ru":"American Idol (сезон 9)","vi":"American Idol (mùa 9)","zh":"美國偶像 (第九季)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.803716","text":"American idol musim kesembilan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kesembilan kalinya sejak 12 Januari 2010 dan berakhir pada 26 Mei 2010. Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 12 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi. Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis. Finalis dalam american idol musim kesembilan ini adalah Andrew Garcia, Casey James, Crystal Bowersox, Siobhan Magnus, Katie Stevens, Didi Benami, Paige Milis, Lacy Brown, Lee DeWyze, Michael Lynche, Aaron Kelly, dan Tim Urban. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Lee DeWyze dan runner-upnya adalah Crystal Bowersox. Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.\n\n9\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"American idol musim kesembilan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kesembilan kalinya sejak 12 Januari 2010 dan berakhir pada 26 Mei 2010.","translated_text":"The ninth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the ninth time since January 12, 2010 and concluded on May 26, 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top 12 Contestants\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Fcontestants%2Fseason_9%2F ''Top 12 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":226,"name":"Top 12 Contestants","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Fcontestants%2Fseason_9%2F","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143665,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.747574-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Lee DeWyze dan runner-upnya adalah Crystal Bowersox.","translated_text":"With the main winner of the competition being Lee DeWyze and the runner-up being Crystal Bowersox.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1590,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.411492-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap finalis ajang tersebut berhak mendapatkan rekaman album di bawah sebuah label ternama di Amerika.","translated_text":"Each of the event's finalists is entitled to an album recording under a prominent American label.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1590,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.411492-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"9","translated_text":"9","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"American idol musim kesembilan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kesembilan kalinya sejak 12 Januari 2010 dan berakhir pada 26 Mei 2010.","translated_text":"The ninth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the ninth time since January 12, 2010 and concluded on May 26, 2010.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top 12 Contestants\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Fcontestants%2Fseason_9%2F ''Top 12 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 12 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi.","translated_text":"The ninth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the ninth time since January 12, 2010 and concluded on May 26, 2010. The competition featured 12 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":335,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1590,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.411492-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":335,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1590,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.411492-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"American idol musim kesembilan merupakan kelanjutan tayangan reality show dalam bidang bernyanyi yang diselenggarakan oleh Fox untuk kesembilan kalinya sejak 12 Januari 2010 dan berakhir pada 26 Mei 2010. Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 12 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi. Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis.","translated_text":"The ninth season of American Idol is a singing reality television series that aired on Fox for the ninth time since January 12, 2010 and concluded on May 26, 2010. The competition featured 12 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi. The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":436,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1590,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.411492-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam kompetisi tersebut terdapat 12 finalis dan 4 orang juri, yakni Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, dan Kara DioGuardi. Keempat juri tersebut berperan untuk memberikan masukan serta komentar atas penampilan para finalis. Finalis dalam american idol musim kesembilan ini adalah Andrew Garcia, Casey James, Crystal Bowersox, Siobhan Magnus, Katie Stevens, Didi Benami, Paige Milis, Lacy Brown, Lee DeWyze, Michael Lynche, Aaron Kelly, dan Tim Urban.","translated_text":"The competition featured 12 finalists and four judges, namely Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Randy Jackson, and Kara DioGuardi. The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances. The finalists in the ninth season of American Idol were Andrew Garcia, Casey James, Crystal Bowersox, Siobhan Magnus, Katie Stevens, Didi Benami, Paige Milis, Lacy Brown, Lee DeWyze, Michael Lynche, Aaron Kelly, and Tim Urban.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Top 12 Contestants\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidol.com%2Fcontestants%2Fseason_9%2F ''Top 12 Contestants'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Lee DeWyze dan runner-upnya adalah Crystal Bowersox.","translated_text":"The four judges provided input and commentary on the finalists' performances. The finalists in the ninth season of American Idol were Andrew Garcia, Casey James, Crystal Bowersox, Siobhan Magnus, Katie Stevens, Didi Benami, Paige Milis, Lacy Brown, Lee DeWyze, Michael Lynche, Aaron Kelly, and Tim Urban. With the main winner of the competition being Lee DeWyze and the runner-up being Crystal Bowersox.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"American\">[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://amidolupdates.com/&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi9bdRvjRyYzHzwoOtbN6w37zRPEQ ''American Idol Musim Sembilan Pembaharuan'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":433,"name":"American","url":"http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1590,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.411492-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Finalis dalam american idol musim kesembilan ini adalah Andrew Garcia, Casey James, Crystal Bowersox, Siobhan Magnus, Katie Stevens, Didi Benami, Paige Milis, Lacy Brown, Lee DeWyze, Michael Lynche, Aaron Kelly, dan Tim Urban. Dengan pemenang utama dari kompetisi tersebut adalah Lee DeWyze dan runner-upnya adalah Crystal Bowersox. 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+{"title":"Transglutaminase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:RNA-Monomer.svg|jmpl|200px|Monomer RNA.]]\n'''Transglutaminase''' (EC:2.3.2.13) adalah [[enzim]] tiol yang mengkatalis suatu reaksi [[Modifikasi pascatranslasi|modifikasi protein pascatranslasi]].<ref>Folk JE, Chung SI. 1973. Molecular and catalytic properties of transglutaminases. ''Adv Enzymol'' 38:109–191.</ref> [[Translasi]] ini merupakan proses pengubahan molekul [[RNA]] (hasil [[transkripsi]] dari [[DNA]]) menjadi protein yang utuh.<ref name=book1/> Modifikasi pascatranslasi ini meliputi pembentukan ikatan seberang silang antarprotein, [[esterifikasi]] senyawa [[lipid]], dan pembentukan ikatan konjugasi kovalen dengan senyawa [[poliamin]].<ref>Nemes Z, Marekov LN, Fesus L, Steinert PM. 1999. A novel function for transglutaminase 1: Attachment of long-chain omega -hydroxyceramides to involucrin by ester bond formation. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci USA'' 96:8402–07.</ref> Akan tetapi, reaksi-reaksi yang dijalani oleh enzim ini bersifat dapat balik (''reversible'').<ref name=book1/> Di dalam tubuh, transglutaminase diproduksi dalam bentuk enzim yang tidak aktif ([[zimogen]]).<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>\n\nEnzim ini tersebar diberbagai [[organisme]], mulai dari [[bakteri]], [[tanaman]], hingga [[hewan]] [[mamalia]].<ref>Del Duca S, Serafini-Fracassini D. 2005. Transglutaminases of higher, lower plants and fungi. ''Prog Exp Tumor Res'' 38:223–247.</ref> Khusus pada mamalia, transglutaminse memerlukan ion [[kalsium]] agar dapat bekerja secara fungsional.<ref name=book1/> Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan dalam industri [[makanan]] dan [[tekstil]].<ref name=book1/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"33c8a569675d84069e0294d55a78c876c927e6318163eb88cd96e1953ef20979","last_revision":"2022-03-06T22:47:15Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T17:14:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:48.940444","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ناقلة الغلوتامين","ca":"Transglutaminasa","da":"Transglutaminase","de":"Transglutaminasen","en":"Transglutaminase","es":"Transglutaminasa","fa":"ترانس گلوتامیناز","fi":"Transglutaminaasi","fr":"Transglutaminase","gl":"Transglutaminase","he":"טרנסגלוטמינאז","it":"Transglutaminasi","ja":"タンパク質-グルタミンγ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼ","nl":"Transglutaminase","pt":"Transglutaminase","ru":"Трансглутаминазы","sh":"Transglutaminaza","simple":"Transglutaminase","sr":"Transglutaminaza"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) adalah enzim tiol yang mengkatalis suatu reaksi modifikasi protein pascatranslasi. Translasi ini merupakan proses pengubahan molekul RNA (hasil transkripsi dari DNA) menjadi protein yang utuh. Modifikasi pascatranslasi ini meliputi pembentukan ikatan seberang silang antarprotein, esterifikasi senyawa lipid, dan pembentukan ikatan konjugasi kovalen dengan senyawa poliamin. Akan tetapi, reaksi-reaksi yang dijalani oleh enzim ini bersifat dapat balik (reversible). Di dalam tubuh, transglutaminase diproduksi dalam bentuk enzim yang tidak aktif (zimogen).\n\nEnzim ini tersebar diberbagai organisme, mulai dari bakteri, tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia. Khusus pada mamalia, transglutaminse memerlukan ion kalsium agar dapat bekerja secara fungsional. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan dalam industri makanan dan tekstil.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) adalah enzim tiol yang mengkatalis suatu reaksi modifikasi protein pascatranslasi.","translated_text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) is a thiol enzyme that catalyzes a posttranslational protein modification reaction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Folk JE, Chung SI. 1973. Molecular and catalytic properties of transglutaminases. ''Adv Enzymol'' 38:109–191.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Translasi ini merupakan proses pengubahan molekul RNA (hasil transkripsi dari DNA) menjadi protein yang utuh.","translated_text":"This translation is the process of transforming RNA molecules (the result of transcription from DNA) into whole proteins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Modifikasi pascatranslasi ini meliputi pembentukan ikatan seberang silang antarprotein, esterifikasi senyawa lipid, dan pembentukan ikatan konjugasi kovalen dengan senyawa poliamin.","translated_text":"These post-translational modifications include the formation of cross-protein bonds, the esterification of lipid compounds, and the formation of covalent conjugate bonds with polyamine compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Nemes Z, Marekov LN, Fesus L, Steinert PM. 1999. A novel function for transglutaminase 1: Attachment of long-chain omega -hydroxyceramides to involucrin by ester bond formation. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci USA'' 96:8402–07.</ref>","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, reaksi-reaksi yang dijalani oleh enzim ini bersifat dapat balik (reversible).","translated_text":"However, the reactions of these enzymes are reversible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh, transglutaminase diproduksi dalam bentuk enzim yang tidak aktif (zimogen).","translated_text":"In the body, transglutaminases are produced in the form of inactive enzymes (zimogens).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Enzim ini tersebar diberbagai organisme, mulai dari bakteri, tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia.","translated_text":"This enzyme is distributed to a wide variety of organisms, from bacteria to plants to mammals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Del Duca S, Serafini-Fracassini D. 2005. Transglutaminases of higher, lower plants and fungi. ''Prog Exp Tumor Res'' 38:223–247.</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Khusus pada mamalia, transglutaminse memerlukan ion kalsium agar dapat bekerja secara fungsional.","translated_text":"Specifically in mammals, transglutamines require calcium ions to function properly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan dalam industri makanan dan tekstil.","translated_text":"In everyday life, this enzyme is often applied in the food and textile industries.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":95,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) adalah enzim tiol yang mengkatalis suatu reaksi modifikasi protein pascatranslasi.","translated_text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) is a thiol enzyme that catalyzes a posttranslational protein modification reaction.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Folk JE, Chung SI. 1973. Molecular and catalytic properties of transglutaminases. ''Adv Enzymol'' 38:109–191.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) adalah enzim tiol yang mengkatalis suatu reaksi modifikasi protein pascatranslasi. Translasi ini merupakan proses pengubahan molekul RNA (hasil transkripsi dari DNA) menjadi protein yang utuh.","translated_text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) is a thiol enzyme that catalyzes a posttranslational protein modification reaction. This translation is the process of transforming RNA molecules (the result of transcription from DNA) into whole proteins.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":223,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) adalah enzim tiol yang mengkatalis suatu reaksi modifikasi protein pascatranslasi. Translasi ini merupakan proses pengubahan molekul RNA (hasil transkripsi dari DNA) menjadi protein yang utuh. Modifikasi pascatranslasi ini meliputi pembentukan ikatan seberang silang antarprotein, esterifikasi senyawa lipid, dan pembentukan ikatan konjugasi kovalen dengan senyawa poliamin.","translated_text":"Transglutaminase (EC:2.3.2.13) is a thiol enzyme that catalyzes a posttranslational protein modification reaction. This translation is the process of transforming RNA molecules (the result of transcription from DNA) into whole proteins. These post-translational modifications include the formation of cross-protein bonds, the esterification of lipid compounds, and the formation of covalent conjugate bonds with polyamine compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Nemes Z, Marekov LN, Fesus L, Steinert PM. 1999. A novel function for transglutaminase 1: Attachment of long-chain omega -hydroxyceramides to involucrin by ester bond formation. ''Proc Natl Acad Sci USA'' 96:8402–07.</ref>","char_index":405,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Translasi ini merupakan proses pengubahan molekul RNA (hasil transkripsi dari DNA) menjadi protein yang utuh. Modifikasi pascatranslasi ini meliputi pembentukan ikatan seberang silang antarprotein, esterifikasi senyawa lipid, dan pembentukan ikatan konjugasi kovalen dengan senyawa poliamin. Akan tetapi, reaksi-reaksi yang dijalani oleh enzim ini bersifat dapat balik (reversible).","translated_text":"This translation is the process of transforming RNA molecules (the result of transcription from DNA) into whole proteins. These post-translational modifications include the formation of cross-protein bonds, the esterification of lipid compounds, and the formation of covalent conjugate bonds with polyamine compounds. However, the reactions of these enzymes are reversible.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":382,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Modifikasi pascatranslasi ini meliputi pembentukan ikatan seberang silang antarprotein, esterifikasi senyawa lipid, dan pembentukan ikatan konjugasi kovalen dengan senyawa poliamin. Akan tetapi, reaksi-reaksi yang dijalani oleh enzim ini bersifat dapat balik (reversible). Di dalam tubuh, transglutaminase diproduksi dalam bentuk enzim yang tidak aktif (zimogen).","translated_text":"These post-translational modifications include the formation of cross-protein bonds, the esterification of lipid compounds, and the formation of covalent conjugate bonds with polyamine compounds. However, the reactions of these enzymes are reversible. In the body, transglutaminases are produced in the form of inactive enzymes (zimogens).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":363,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini tersebar diberbagai organisme, mulai dari bakteri, tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia.","translated_text":"This enzyme is distributed to a wide variety of organisms, from bacteria to plants to mammals.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Del Duca S, Serafini-Fracassini D. 2005. Transglutaminases of higher, lower plants and fungi. ''Prog Exp Tumor Res'' 38:223–247.</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini tersebar diberbagai organisme, mulai dari bakteri, tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia. Khusus pada mamalia, transglutaminse memerlukan ion kalsium agar dapat bekerja secara fungsional.","translated_text":"This enzyme is distributed to a wide variety of organisms, from bacteria to plants to mammals. Specifically in mammals, transglutamines require calcium ions to function properly.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"book1\">Poliana J, MacCabe AP. 2007. ''Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications''. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman: 566. ISBN 978-1-4020-5376-4</ref>","char_index":189,"name":"book1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim ini tersebar diberbagai organisme, mulai dari bakteri, tanaman, hingga hewan mamalia. Khusus pada mamalia, transglutaminse memerlukan ion kalsium agar dapat bekerja secara fungsional. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, enzim ini sering diaplikasikan dalam industri makanan dan tekstil.","translated_text":"This enzyme is distributed to a wide variety of organisms, from bacteria to plants to mammals. Specifically in mammals, transglutamines require calcium ions to function properly. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":189,"name":"Singapore","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Singapore Science Center adalah sebuah tempat wisata di Singapura (luas 7.500 meter persegi) yang didedikasikan untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang sains seluruh pengunjung dari segala usia. Singapore Science Center ini terletak di pinggir kota Singapura, tepatnya di Singapore Center Road.","translated_text":"The Singapore Science Center is a tourist attraction in Singapore (7,500 square metres) dedicated to adding science knowledge to all visitors of all ages. The Singapore Science Center is located on the outskirts of Singapore, right on Singapore Center Road.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Singapore\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.focussingapore.com/singapore-tourism/singapore-science-center.html ''Singapore Science Center'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":289,"name":"Singapore","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Singapore Science Center adalah sebuah tempat wisata di Singapura (luas 7.500 meter persegi) yang didedikasikan untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang sains seluruh pengunjung dari segala usia. Singapore Science Center ini terletak di pinggir kota Singapura, tepatnya di Singapore Center Road. Di dalam Singapore Science Center terdapat aneka ilustrasi yang sangat beragam dari berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan, diantaranya ada rumus matematika Galileo Galilei, rumus Fisika, perubahan iklim, permainan alat dengar, taman kinetik, taman ruang angkasa, kehidupan virus, dan tata surya.","translated_text":"The Singapore Science Center is a tourist attraction in Singapore (7,500 square metres) dedicated to adding science knowledge to all visitors of all ages. The Singapore Science Center is located on the outskirts of Singapore, right on Singapore Center Road. Within the Singapore Science Center are a wide variety of illustrations from various fields of science, including the mathematical formula of Galileo Galilei, the formula of physics, climate change, hearing aid games, kinetic gardens, space gardens, viral life, and the solar system.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Pameran\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.sci-ctr.edu.sg/ssc/events.jsp%3Ftype%3D7 ''Pameran Singapore Science Center'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":580,"name":"Pameran","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Pameran\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.sci-ctr.edu.sg/ssc/events.jsp%3Ftype%3D7 ''Pameran Singapore Science Center'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":580,"name":"Pameran","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Singapore Science Center ini terletak di pinggir kota Singapura, tepatnya di Singapore Center Road. Di dalam Singapore Science Center terdapat aneka ilustrasi yang sangat beragam dari berbagai bidang ilmu pengetahuan, diantaranya ada rumus matematika Galileo Galilei, rumus Fisika, perubahan iklim, permainan alat dengar, taman kinetik, taman ruang angkasa, kehidupan virus, dan tata surya. Objek wisata ini merupakan salah satu tempat di Singapura yang paling sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing.","translated_text":"The Singapore Science Center is located on the outskirts of Singapore, right on Singapore Center Road. Within the Singapore Science Center are a wide variety of illustrations from various fields of science, including the mathematical formula of Galileo Galilei, the formula of physics, climate change, hearing aid games, kinetic gardens, space gardens, viral life, and the solar system. This tourist attraction is one of the most visited places in Singapore by foreign tourists.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Singapore\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.focussingapore.com/singapore-tourism/singapore-science-center.html ''Singapore Science Center'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Tempat ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai proyek pembelajaran bagi para siswa, mahasiswa, dan para ilmuwan.","translated_text":"Within the Singapore Science Center are a wide variety of illustrations from various fields of science, including the mathematical formula of Galileo Galilei, the formula of physics, climate change, hearing aid games, kinetic gardens, space gardens, viral life, and the solar system. This tourist attraction is one of the most visited places in Singapore by foreign tourists. It can also be used as a learning project for students, students, and scientists.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Singapore\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.focussingapore.com/singapore-tourism/singapore-science-center.html ''Singapore Science Center'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":511,"name":"Singapore","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Objek wisata ini merupakan salah satu tempat di Singapura yang paling sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing. Tempat ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai proyek pembelajaran bagi para siswa, mahasiswa, dan para ilmuwan. Selain itu, di dalamnya terdapat Omni-Theatre yang merupakan tempat pertunjukan film IMAX yang sangat megah dan berbentuk seperti kubah.","translated_text":"This tourist attraction is one of the most visited places in Singapore by foreign tourists. It can also be used as a learning project for students, students, and scientists. In addition, it houses the Omni-Theatre, a magnificent, dome-shaped IMAX theater.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Singapore\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.focussingapore.com/singapore-tourism/singapore-science-center.html ''Singapore Science Center'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":357,"name":"Singapore","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Manado Today","wikicode":"{{Infobox Newspaper |\ntype = [[Digital News]] Update|\nlogo =  |\nimage = [[Berkas:Screenshoot Manado Today 19 Oktober 2011.jpg|220px]] |\nformat = [[Portal Berita]] |\nowners = [[PT Manado Multimedia Portal]] |\nfoundation = Adri Mamangkey, Hermanto Maindoka <ref>[http://manadotoday.com/index-berita/tentang-kami/ Tentang kami]</ref> |\nheadquarters = [[Manado]] |\nwebsite = [http://www.manadotoday.co.id/ www.manadotoday.co.id]|\n}}\n'''''Manado Today''''' merupakan sebuah [[portal web]] yang berisi berita dan artikel aktual di [[Sulawesi Utara]], Indonesia. ''Manado Today'' merupakan salah satu situs berita terpopuler di Indonesia dari Sulawesi Utara. Berbeda dengan sejumlah situs berita yang berpusat di Sulawesi Utara [[manado]], ''Manado Today'' hanya memiliki edisi online yang profit keuntungannya murni dari pemasangan iklan.\n\nNamun, ''Manado Today'' merupakan yang terdepan dalam berita-berita baru (''breaking news'') dari Sulawesi Utara.\n\n== Area pemasaran ==\n\nLingkup area pemasaran iklan ''Manado Today'' selain berada di seluruh kawasan Indonesia area marketingnya, juga mengkhususkan pasar kawasan Indonesia Timur, Sulawesi Utara pada umumnya. ''Manado Today'' mempunyai wartawan di seluruh kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara.\n\n== Catatan kaki ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{id}} [http://www.manadotoday.com Situs resmi]\n{{internet-stub}}\n\n{{Situs Web Indonesia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Situs web berita Indonesia]]","hash":"cbc70348853790341523997c69519852347cfa3517169e36d9b2c6e981d5524e","last_revision":"2023-02-14T08:15:02Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T18:08:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.228675","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Manado Today merupakan sebuah portal web yang berisi berita dan artikel aktual di Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Manado Today merupakan salah satu situs berita terpopuler di Indonesia dari Sulawesi Utara. Berbeda dengan sejumlah situs berita yang berpusat di Sulawesi Utara manado, Manado Today hanya memiliki edisi online yang profit keuntungannya murni dari pemasangan iklan.\n\nNamun, Manado Today merupakan yang terdepan dalam berita-berita baru (breaking news) dari Sulawesi Utara.\n\nLingkup area pemasaran iklan Manado Today selain berada di seluruh kawasan Indonesia area marketingnya, juga mengkhususkan pasar kawasan Indonesia Timur, Sulawesi Utara pada umumnya. Manado Today mempunyai wartawan di seluruh kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara.\n\nSitus resmi\n\nKategori:Situs web berita Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Newspaper |\ntype = [[Digital News]] Update|\nlogo =  |\nimage = [[Berkas:Screenshoot Manado Today 19 Oktober 2011.jpg|220px]] |\nformat = [[Portal Berita]] |\nowners = [[PT Manado Multimedia Portal]] |\nfoundation = Adri Mamangkey, Hermanto Maindoka <ref>[http://manadotoday.com/index-berita/tentang-kami/ Tentang kami]</ref> |\nheadquarters = [[Manado]] |\nwebsite = [http://www.manadotoday.co.id/ www.manadotoday.co.id]|\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Manado Today merupakan sebuah portal web yang berisi berita dan artikel aktual di Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia.","translated_text":"Manado Today is a web portal containing current news and articles in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Manado Today merupakan salah satu situs berita terpopuler di Indonesia dari Sulawesi Utara.","translated_text":"Manado Today is one of the most popular news sites in Indonesia from North Sulawesi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berbeda dengan sejumlah situs berita yang berpusat di Sulawesi Utara manado, Manado Today hanya memiliki edisi online yang profit keuntungannya murni dari pemasangan iklan.","translated_text":"Unlike a number of North Sulawesi-based news sites, Manado Today has only an online edition that profits purely from ad placement.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Namun, Manado Today merupakan yang terdepan dalam berita-berita baru (breaking news) dari Sulawesi Utara.","translated_text":"However, Manado Today is at the forefront of breaking news from North Sulawesi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Area pemasaran","translated_text":"Marketing area","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lingkup area pemasaran iklan Manado Today selain berada di seluruh kawasan Indonesia area marketingnya, juga mengkhususkan pasar kawasan Indonesia Timur, Sulawesi Utara pada umumnya.","translated_text":"The scope of Manado Today's advertising marketing area besides being throughout Indonesia its marketing area, also specialises in the markets of East Indonesia, North Sulawesi in general.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Manado Today mempunyai wartawan di seluruh kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara.","translated_text":"Manado Today has journalists throughout the districts/towns of North Sulawesi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Situs resmi","translated_text":"The official website","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Situs web berita Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian news website","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Singapore Science Park","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Singapore Science Park II 4, Nov 06.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|Singapore Science Park]]\n'''Singapore Science Park''' merupakan sebuah [[tempat wisata]] di [[Singapura]] yang berdedikasi untuk menambah [[pengetahuan]] di bidang [[teknologi]].<ref name=\"Singapore\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.sciencepark.com.sg/ ''Singapore Science Park'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> ''Singapore Science Park'' terletak di jantung Singapura, hanya 15 menit dari ''Jurong Bird Park'', dan berkontribusi terhadap bidang pengetahuan, [[perusahaan]], [[lembaga penelitian]], dan [[perguruan tinggi]].<ref name=\"Science\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.singaporesciencepark.com/about/where.asp ''Science Park'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> ''Singapore Center Park'' merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing yang berkunjung ke Singapura.<ref name=\"Singapore\"/> Di dalam tempat tersebut, terdapat [[tempat pertemuan]], [[ruang serba guna]], dan area bermain seperti [[kolam renang]], studio aerobik, tempat fitness, [[lapangan tenis]], dan [[ruang billiard]].<ref name=\"Singapore\"/> Bentuknya yang unik dan berbeda dengan tempat pengetahuan teknologi lainnya inilah yang menyebabkan tempat ini sering dijadikan referensi di kalangan akademisi.<ref name=\"Singapore\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{bangunan-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tempat]]\n[[Kategori:Pengetahuan]]\n[[Kategori:Singapura]]","hash":"08d5f5577fff08ed4c98d3b60cc641bb945bdf40832d1d047c2328340898b804","last_revision":"2018-10-10T01:55:34Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T18:28:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.290633","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Singapore Science Park","ms":"Taman Sains Singapura"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Singapore Science Park merupakan sebuah tempat wisata di Singapura yang berdedikasi untuk menambah pengetahuan di bidang teknologi. Singapore Science Park terletak di jantung Singapura, hanya 15 menit dari Jurong Bird Park, dan berkontribusi terhadap bidang pengetahuan, perusahaan, lembaga penelitian, dan perguruan tinggi. Singapore Center Park merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing yang berkunjung ke Singapura. Di dalam tempat tersebut, terdapat tempat pertemuan, ruang serba guna, dan area bermain seperti kolam renang, studio aerobik, tempat fitness, lapangan tenis, dan ruang billiard. Bentuknya yang unik dan berbeda dengan tempat pengetahuan teknologi lainnya inilah yang menyebabkan tempat ini sering dijadikan referensi di kalangan akademisi.\n\nKategori:Tempat Kategori:Pengetahuan Kategori:Singapura\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Singapore Science Park merupakan sebuah tempat wisata di Singapura yang berdedikasi untuk menambah pengetahuan di bidang teknologi.","translated_text":"Singapore Science Park is a tourist attraction in Singapore dedicated to adding knowledge in the field of technology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Singapore\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.sciencepark.com.sg/ ''Singapore Science Park'']. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"Singapore","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Singapore Science Park terletak di jantung Singapura, hanya 15 menit dari Jurong Bird Park, dan berkontribusi terhadap bidang pengetahuan, perusahaan, lembaga penelitian, dan perguruan tinggi.","translated_text":"Singapore Science Park is located in the heart of Singapore, just 15 minutes from Jurong Bird Park, and contributes to the fields of knowledge, enterprises, research institutions, and colleges.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Science\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.singaporesciencepark.com/about/where.asp ''Science Park'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":192,"name":"Science","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Science\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.singaporesciencepark.com/about/where.asp ''Science Park'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":192,"name":"Science","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Singapore Center Park merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing yang berkunjung ke Singapura.","translated_text":"Singapore Center Park is one of the places frequented by foreign tourists visiting Singapore.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Singapore\"> [http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.sciencepark.com.sg/ ''Singapore Science Park'']. 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+{"title":"Raffles Place","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Raffles Place, Jan 06.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|Raffles Place (Singapura)]]\n'''Raffles Place''' adalah sebuah [[tempat wisata]] kuno yang sengaja dilestarikan oleh [[masyarakat]] [[Singapura]] dari zaman [[Sir Stamford Raffles]] sampai sekarang.<ref name=\"Place\">[http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14|Ns26%20Raffles%20Place_103.8514_1.2845.map ''Raffles Place'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Tempat wisata ini mewah, terletak di pusat kota, dan merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para [[wisatawan]] asing.<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> ''Raffels Place'' terlihat di sebelah selatan ''Singapore River''.<ref name=\"Place\"/> ''Raffles Place'' dapat dkatakan sebagai jantung [[bisnis]] Singapura.<ref name=\"Place\"/> Ketika malam hari, tempat ini sering disebut sebagai \"kota hantu\" karena penampakannya yang gelap dan sering timbul bayang-bayang tertentu.<ref name=\"Raffles\"/> Namun, sebenarnya [[bayangan]] tersebut adalah [[refleksi]] dari tempat duduk marmer yang dipantulkan.<ref name=\"Raffles\"/> Lampu yang berwarna-warni dan ''setting'' seperti kerajaan menjadi ciri khas ''Raffles Place'' pada [[malam]] hari.<ref name=\"Raffles\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tempat wisata di Singapura]]\n\n\n{{negara-stub|Singapura}}","hash":"90930cd9d296419141ba3f5a68bb0ae3cf8125bfe6d49975dd0f56bc9362bfde","last_revision":"2023-02-04T12:34:13Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T18:38:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.405058","cross_lingual_links":{"bcl":"Raffles Place","de":"Raffles Place","en":"Raffles Place","es":"Raffles Place","fr":"Raffles Place","ja":"ラッフルズ・プレイス","nl":"Raffles Place","nb":"Raffles Place","ru":"Раффлз-плейс","uk":"Раффлс-плейс","zh":"萊佛士坊"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Raffles Place adalah sebuah tempat wisata kuno yang sengaja dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Singapura dari zaman Sir Stamford Raffles sampai sekarang. Tempat wisata ini mewah, terletak di pusat kota, dan merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing. Raffels Place terlihat di sebelah selatan Singapore River. Raffles Place dapat dkatakan sebagai jantung bisnis Singapura. Ketika malam hari, tempat ini sering disebut sebagai \"kota hantu\" karena penampakannya yang gelap dan sering timbul bayang-bayang tertentu. Namun, sebenarnya bayangan tersebut adalah refleksi dari tempat duduk marmer yang dipantulkan. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lampu yang berwarna-warni dan setting seperti kerajaan menjadi ciri khas Raffles Place pada malam hari.","translated_text":"The colourful lights and royal setting became a hallmark of Raffles Place at night.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":103,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tempat wisata di Singapura","translated_text":"Tourist attractions in Singapore","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Raffles Place adalah sebuah tempat wisata kuno yang sengaja dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Singapura dari zaman Sir Stamford Raffles sampai sekarang.","translated_text":"Raffles Place is an ancient tourist attraction deliberately preserved by Singaporeans from the time of Sir Stamford Raffles to the present.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Place\">[http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14|Ns26%20Raffles%20Place_103.8514_1.2845.map ''Raffles Place'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"Place","url":"http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.460319-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Raffles Place adalah sebuah tempat wisata kuno yang sengaja dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Singapura dari zaman Sir Stamford Raffles sampai sekarang. Tempat wisata ini mewah, terletak di pusat kota, dan merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing.","translated_text":"Raffles Place is an ancient tourist attraction deliberately preserved by Singaporeans from the time of Sir Stamford Raffles to the present. Located in the center of the city, this luxurious tourist attraction is one of the most frequented by foreign tourists.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":278,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":278,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Raffles Place adalah sebuah tempat wisata kuno yang sengaja dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Singapura dari zaman Sir Stamford Raffles sampai sekarang. Tempat wisata ini mewah, terletak di pusat kota, dan merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing. Raffels Place terlihat di sebelah selatan Singapore River.","translated_text":"Raffles Place is an ancient tourist attraction deliberately preserved by Singaporeans from the time of Sir Stamford Raffles to the present. Located in the center of the city, this luxurious tourist attraction is one of the most frequented by foreign tourists. Raffels Place is visible south of the Singapore River.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Place\">[http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14|Ns26%20Raffles%20Place_103.8514_1.2845.map ''Raffles Place'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":337,"name":"Place","url":"http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.460319-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tempat wisata ini mewah, terletak di pusat kota, dan merupakan salah satu tempat yang sering dikunjungi oleh para wisatawan asing. Raffels Place terlihat di sebelah selatan Singapore River. Raffles Place dapat dkatakan sebagai jantung bisnis Singapura.","translated_text":"Located in the center of the city, this luxurious tourist attraction is one of the most frequented by foreign tourists. Raffels Place is visible south of the Singapore River. Raffles Place is arguably the heart of Singapore's business.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Place\">[http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14|Ns26%20Raffles%20Place_103.8514_1.2845.map ''Raffles Place'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":252,"name":"Place","url":"http://sg.pagenation.com/sin/Ew14","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:35.460319-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Raffels Place terlihat di sebelah selatan Singapore River. Raffles Place dapat dkatakan sebagai jantung bisnis Singapura. Ketika malam hari, tempat ini sering disebut sebagai \"kota hantu\" karena penampakannya yang gelap dan sering timbul bayang-bayang tertentu.","translated_text":"Raffels Place is visible south of the Singapore River. Raffles Place is arguably the heart of Singapore's business. At night, it is often referred to as a \"ghost town\" because of its dark appearance and frequent shadows.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":261,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Raffles Place dapat dkatakan sebagai jantung bisnis Singapura. Ketika malam hari, tempat ini sering disebut sebagai \"kota hantu\" karena penampakannya yang gelap dan sering timbul bayang-bayang tertentu. Namun, sebenarnya bayangan tersebut adalah refleksi dari tempat duduk marmer yang dipantulkan.","translated_text":"Raffles Place is arguably the heart of Singapore's business. At night, it is often referred to as a \"ghost town\" because of its dark appearance and frequent shadows. However, the shadow is actually a reflection of the reflected marble seat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika malam hari, tempat ini sering disebut sebagai \"kota hantu\" karena penampakannya yang gelap dan sering timbul bayang-bayang tertentu. Namun, sebenarnya bayangan tersebut adalah refleksi dari tempat duduk marmer yang dipantulkan. Lampu yang berwarna-warni dan setting seperti kerajaan menjadi ciri khas Raffles Place pada malam hari.","translated_text":"At night, it is often referred to as a \"ghost town\" because of its dark appearance and frequent shadows. However, the shadow is actually a reflection of the reflected marble seat. The colourful lights and royal setting became a hallmark of Raffles Place at night.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Raffles\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.flickr.com/photos/adforce1/2479915319/ ''Raffles Place, Singapura'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":338,"name":"Raffles","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Absolutisme Moral","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Absolutisme moral]]","hash":"2bb4146da23185e56be761430765fd4cfc72adec348ac60b863ba3b377479729","last_revision":"2010-06-13T19:06:22Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:06:22Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.471408","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Absolutisme moral\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Absolutisme moral","translated_text":"The God of Moral Absolutism","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Marina Beach","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Marina Beach.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Marina Beach]]\n'''Marina Beach''' adalah sebuah [[objek wisata]] [[pantai]] yang terletak di [[Chennai]], [[India]] (bersebelahan dengan [[teluk Benggala]]) dan merupakan salah satu pantai terpanjang di dunia.<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Tempat wisata ini saat ini telah berkembang menjadi tempat peristirahatan para mantan [[menteri]] dan pejabat lainnya.<ref name=\"Pantai\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.madrasi.info/marina-beach.html''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Pada pagi dan siang hari, pantai ini biasa dijadikan sebagai tempat berenang, [[selancar air]], [[olahraga air]], ataupun jemur matahari.<ref name=\"Marina\"/> Di malam hari, pantai Marina berubah menjadi tanah kering yang dimanfaatkan sebagai [[tempat hiburan]] dan tempat makan malam sambil menikmati pemandangan pantai.<ref name=\"Marina\"/> Di sekitar pantai, terdapat pula patung-patung tokoh ternama, seperti [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Kannagi]], [[Thiruvalluvar]], [[Sir Thomas Munro]], [[Kamarajar]], [[Avvaiyar]], dan [[Thanthai Periyar]].<ref name=\"Marina 2\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.tamilnow.com/tourism/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref> Selain itu, pantai ini juga menawarkan [[fasilitas]] naik kuda bagi anak-anak.<ref name=\"Marina\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tempat wisata]]\n[[Kategori:Tempat wisata di India]]\n\n\n{{India-stub}}","hash":"c59fc0c97d235980da35367e23bcad71adb916db736ed60c32237fc8e8771717","last_revision":"2023-01-23T08:17:49Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:33:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.535837","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"مارينا بيتش","bn":"মেরিনা সমুদ্র সৈকত","ceb":"Marina Beach (lapyahan sa Indiya)","de":"Marina Beach","en":"Marina Beach","fr":"Marina Beach","hi":"मरीना बीच (चेन्नई)","it":"Marina Beach","kn":"ಮರೀನಾ ಬೀಚ್","ko":"마리나 해변","ml":"മറീന ബീച്ച്","mr":"मरीना बीच","simple":"Marina Beach","sv":"Marina Beach","ta":"மெரீனா கடற்கரை","te":"మెరీనా బీచ్","zh":"游艇码头海滩"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Marina Beach adalah sebuah objek wisata pantai yang terletak di Chennai, India (bersebelahan dengan teluk Benggala) dan merupakan salah satu pantai terpanjang di dunia. Tempat wisata ini saat ini telah berkembang menjadi tempat peristirahatan para mantan menteri dan pejabat lainnya. Pada pagi dan siang hari, pantai ini biasa dijadikan sebagai tempat berenang, selancar air, olahraga air, ataupun jemur matahari. Di malam hari, pantai Marina berubah menjadi tanah kering yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat hiburan dan tempat makan malam sambil menikmati pemandangan pantai. Di sekitar pantai, terdapat pula patung-patung tokoh ternama, seperti Mahatma Gandhi, Kannagi, Thiruvalluvar, Sir Thomas Munro, Kamarajar, Avvaiyar, dan Thanthai Periyar. Selain itu, pantai ini juga menawarkan fasilitas naik kuda bagi anak-anak.\n\nKategori:Tempat wisata Kategori:Tempat wisata di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Marina Beach adalah sebuah objek wisata pantai yang terletak di Chennai, India (bersebelahan dengan teluk Benggala) dan merupakan salah satu pantai terpanjang di dunia.","translated_text":"Marina Beach is a coastal tourist attraction located in Chennai, India (crossed by the Bay of Bengal) and is one of the longest beaches in the world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tempat wisata ini saat ini telah berkembang menjadi tempat peristirahatan para mantan menteri dan pejabat lainnya.","translated_text":"This tourist spot has now developed into a resting place for former ministers and other officials.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Pantai\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.madrasi.info/marina-beach.html''Pantai Marina'']. 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Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":170,"name":"Marina 2","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina 2\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.tamilnow.com/tourism/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":170,"name":"Marina 2","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, pantai ini juga menawarkan fasilitas naik kuda bagi anak-anak.","translated_text":"In addition, the beach also offers horseback riding facilities for children.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":74,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tempat wisata Kategori:Tempat wisata di India","translated_text":"Tourist spots in India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Marina Beach adalah sebuah objek wisata pantai yang terletak di Chennai, India (bersebelahan dengan teluk Benggala) dan merupakan salah satu pantai terpanjang di dunia.","translated_text":"Marina Beach is a coastal tourist attraction located in Chennai, India (crossed by the Bay of Bengal) and is one of the longest beaches in the world.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Marina Beach adalah sebuah objek wisata pantai yang terletak di Chennai, India (bersebelahan dengan teluk Benggala) dan merupakan salah satu pantai terpanjang di dunia. Tempat wisata ini saat ini telah berkembang menjadi tempat peristirahatan para mantan menteri dan pejabat lainnya.","translated_text":"Marina Beach is a coastal tourist attraction located in Chennai, India (crossed by the Bay of Bengal) and is one of the longest beaches in the world. This tourist spot has now developed into a resting place for former ministers and other officials.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Pantai\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.madrasi.info/marina-beach.html''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":283,"name":"Pantai","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Pantai\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.madrasi.info/marina-beach.html''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":283,"name":"Pantai","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Marina Beach adalah sebuah objek wisata pantai yang terletak di Chennai, India (bersebelahan dengan teluk Benggala) dan merupakan salah satu pantai terpanjang di dunia. Tempat wisata ini saat ini telah berkembang menjadi tempat peristirahatan para mantan menteri dan pejabat lainnya. Pada pagi dan siang hari, pantai ini biasa dijadikan sebagai tempat berenang, selancar air, olahraga air, ataupun jemur matahari.","translated_text":"Marina Beach is a coastal tourist attraction located in Chennai, India (crossed by the Bay of Bengal) and is one of the longest beaches in the world. This tourist spot has now developed into a resting place for former ministers and other officials. In the morning and afternoon, the beach is often used for swimming, surfing, water sports, or sunbathing.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":413,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tempat wisata ini saat ini telah berkembang menjadi tempat peristirahatan para mantan menteri dan pejabat lainnya. Pada pagi dan siang hari, pantai ini biasa dijadikan sebagai tempat berenang, selancar air, olahraga air, ataupun jemur matahari. Di malam hari, pantai Marina berubah menjadi tanah kering yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat hiburan dan tempat makan malam sambil menikmati pemandangan pantai.","translated_text":"This tourist spot has now developed into a resting place for former ministers and other officials. In the morning and afternoon, the beach is often used for swimming, surfing, water sports, or sunbathing. At night, Marina's beaches turn into dry land used for entertainment and dining while enjoying the views of the beach.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":403,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada pagi dan siang hari, pantai ini biasa dijadikan sebagai tempat berenang, selancar air, olahraga air, ataupun jemur matahari. Di malam hari, pantai Marina berubah menjadi tanah kering yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat hiburan dan tempat makan malam sambil menikmati pemandangan pantai. Di sekitar pantai, terdapat pula patung-patung tokoh ternama, seperti Mahatma Gandhi, Kannagi, Thiruvalluvar, Sir Thomas Munro, Kamarajar, Avvaiyar, dan Thanthai Periyar.","translated_text":"In the morning and afternoon, the beach is often used for swimming, surfing, water sports, or sunbathing. At night, Marina's beaches turn into dry land used for entertainment and dining while enjoying the views of the beach. Around the beach, there are also statues of famous figures, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Kannagi, Thiruvalluvar, Sir Thomas Munro, Kamarajar, Avvaiyar, and Thanthai Periyar.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina 2\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.tamilnow.com/tourism/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":459,"name":"Marina 2","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina 2\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.tamilnow.com/tourism/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina'']. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":459,"name":"Marina 2","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di malam hari, pantai Marina berubah menjadi tanah kering yang dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat hiburan dan tempat makan malam sambil menikmati pemandangan pantai. Di sekitar pantai, terdapat pula patung-patung tokoh ternama, seperti Mahatma Gandhi, Kannagi, Thiruvalluvar, Sir Thomas Munro, Kamarajar, Avvaiyar, dan Thanthai Periyar. Selain itu, pantai ini juga menawarkan fasilitas naik kuda bagi anak-anak.","translated_text":"At night, Marina's beaches turn into dry land used for entertainment and dining while enjoying the views of the beach. Around the beach, there are also statues of famous figures, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Kannagi, Thiruvalluvar, Sir Thomas Munro, Kamarajar, Avvaiyar, and Thanthai Periyar. In addition, the beach also offers horseback riding facilities for children.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Marina\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en|id&u=http://www.indiasite.com/tamilnadu/chennai/marina-beach.html ''Pantai Marina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130351/http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiasite.com%2Ftamilnadu%2Fchennai%2Fmarina-beach.html |date=2016-03-04 }}. Diakses 13 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":404,"name":"Marina","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.394918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Devil's sword","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Golok Setan]]","hash":"286ea12452e78788ef67177a43f6bdbb712d60ae5716365b3dfbf135a2734e20","last_revision":"2010-06-13T19:41:34Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:41:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.594795","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Golok Setan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Golok Setan","translated_text":"Flee From Satan's Scourge","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"The warrior","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk]]","hash":"41f079188f56d7f42d7472d7eb53f6534ae1a6e171f339fbb7c3019a338e8aaf","last_revision":"2010-06-13T19:43:00Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:43:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.653737","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Jaka Sembung Sang Penakluk","translated_text":"WHEN the Conqueror Is Hidden","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Smun7bogor.jpg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n|description    = pintu gerbang\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{Hakciptabebas}}","hash":"5d46152643c698fcd76ab4a3d5b44dde92894ab7ac1a08d05ca6a193bb4ea229","last_revision":"2020-05-19T13:23:17Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:48:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.710906","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Glifosat","wikicode":"{{chembox\n| Watchedfields = changed\n| verifiedrevid = 305570187\n| Name = Glyphosate\n| ImageFile = Glyphosate.svg\n|   ImageSize = \n| ImageFile2 = Glyphosate-3D-balls.png\n| IUPACName = ''N''-(phosphonomethyl)glycine\n|   OtherNames = 2-[(phosphonomethyl)amino]acetic acid\n| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers\n|   InChI = 1/C3H8NO5P/c5-3(6)1-4-2-10(7,8)9/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)\n|   CASNo = 1071-83-6\n|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}\n|   CASOther = <br />38641-94-0 (isopropylammmonium salt)<br />70393-85-0 (sesquisodium salt)<br />81591-81-3 ([[trimethylsulfonium]] salt) <!-- 38641-94-0 also verified at CAS Common Chemistry, 70393-85-0 and 81591-81-3 verified at ESIS -->\n|   EC-number = 213-997-4 <!-- 254-056-8 for isopropylammmonium salt, 274-591-0 for sesquisodium salt -->\n|   ChemSpiderID = 3376 <!-- 34909 for isopropylammmonium salt, 137033 for sesquisodium salt -->\n|   RTECS = MC1075000\n|   PubChem = 3496\n|   SMILES = C(C(=O)O)NCP(=O)(O)O\n  }}\n| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties\n|   Reference = <ref name=\"EHC\">{{EHC-ref|number=159|name=Glyphosate|date=1994|isbn=92-4-157159-4}}.</ref>\n|   C = 3 | H = 8 | N = 1 | O = 5 | P = 1\n|   Appearance = bubuk kristal putih\n|   Density = 1.704 (20&nbsp;°C)\n|   MeltingPt = 184.5&nbsp;°C\n|   BoilingPt = dekomposisi pada 187&nbsp;°C\n|   Solubility = 1.01 g/100 mL (20&nbsp;°C)\n|   LogP = −2.8\n|   pKa = <2, 2.6, 5.6, 10.6\n  }}\n| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards\n|   Reference = <ref name=\"EHC\"/><ref>{{CLP Regulation|index=607-315-00-8|pages=570, 1100}}</ref>\n|   ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0160.htm InChem MSDS]\n|   EUIndex = 607-315-00-8 <!-- 607-316-00-3 for trimethylsulfonium salt -->\n|   EUClass = Irritant ('''Xi''')<br />Berbahaya untuk lingkungan ('''N''')\n|   RPhrases = {{R41}}, {{R51/53}}\n|   SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S26}}, {{S39}}, {{S61}}\n|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS05|Eye Dam. 1}}{{GHS09|Aquatic Chronic 2}}\n|   GHSSignalWord = Berbahaya\n|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|318|411}}\n|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|273|280|305+351+338|310|501}}\n|   FlashPt = tidak dapat menyala (non-flammable)\n  }}\n}}\n\n'''Glifosat''' adalah [[herbisida]] berspektrum luas (dapat mematikan sebagian besar tipe tanaman) yang dapat mengendalikan [[gulma]] semusim maupun tahunan di daerah [[tropis]] pada waktu pasca-tumbuh (''post emergence'').<ref name=\"jo\"/> Cara kerja [[herbisida]] ini adalah dengan menghambat [[enzim]] 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-fosfat sintase (EPSPS) yang berperan dalam pembentukan [[asam amino]] aromatik, seperti [[triptofan]], [[tirosin]], dan [[fenilalanin]].<ref name=\"jo\"/> Tumbuhan akan mati karena kekurangan [[asam amino]] yang penting untuk melakukan berbagai proses hidupnya.<ref name=\"b\"/> Glifosat dapat masuk ke dalam [[tumbuhan]] karena penyerapan yang dilakukan tanaman dan kemudian diangkut ke pembuluh [[floem]].<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal\n | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo\n | year = \n | month = \n | title = \n | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH\n | volume = \n | issue = \n | pages = 90-98\n | doi = \n | id = \n | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24\n | format = \n | accessdate = \n }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Paparan glifosat akan menyebabkan beberapa [[gejala]], seperti [[iritasi mata]], penglihatan menjadi kabur, [[kulit]] terbakar atau gatal, [[mual]], sakit tenggorokan, [[asma]], kesulitan bernapas, sakit kepala, [[mimisan]], dan [[pusing]].<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal\n | author = CAROLINE COX\n | year = 2004\n | month = \n | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE\n | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM\n | volume = 24\n | issue = 4\n | pages = \n | doi = \n | id = \n | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf\n | format = \n | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n | archive-date = 2009-04-19\n | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf\n | dead-url = yes\n }}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Herbisida]]\n[[Kategori:Senyawa fosfor]]\n[[Kategori:Senyawa nitrogen]]\n[[Kategori:Asam organik]]\n\n\n{{kimia-stub}}","hash":"a3f04c472b21783b760ef695fbb7ed4bc37f140b6b77c22bd057a13181f7c453","last_revision":"2022-12-19T00:02:31Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:48:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.772402","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Glifosaat","ar":"غليفوسات","ast":"Glifosatu","azb":"قلیفسات","bg":"Глифозат","bs":"Glifosat","ca":"Glifosat","cs":"Glyfosát","da":"Glyfosat","de":"Glyphosat","el":"Γλυφοσάτη","en":"Glyphosate","eo":"Glifosato","es":"Glifosato","et":"Glüfosaat","eu":"Glifosato","fa":"گلیفوسات","fi":"Glyfosaatti","fr":"Glyphosate","gl":"Glifosato","he":"גלייפוסט","hr":"Glifosat","hu":"Glifozát","io":"Glifosato","it":"Glifosato","ko":"글리포세이트","la":"Glyphosatum","mn":"Глифосат","nl":"Glyfosaat","nb":"Glyfosat","oc":"Glifosat","pl":"Glifosat","pt":"Glifosato","ru":"Глифосат","sh":"Glifosat","si":"ග්ලයිෆොසෙට්","simple":"Glyphosate","sk":"Glyfosát","sl":"Glifosat","sr":"Glifosat","sv":"Glyfosat","ta":"கிளைபோசேட்டு","th":"ไกลโฟเสต","tr":"Glifosat","uk":"Гліфосат","vi":"Glyphosat","wa":"Glifozate","zh":"草甘膦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Glifosat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas (dapat mematikan sebagian besar tipe tanaman) yang dapat mengendalikan gulma semusim maupun tahunan di daerah tropis pada waktu pasca-tumbuh (post emergence). Cara kerja herbisida ini adalah dengan menghambat enzim 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-fosfat sintase (EPSPS) yang berperan dalam pembentukan asam amino aromatik, seperti triptofan, tirosin, dan fenilalanin. Tumbuhan akan mati karena kekurangan asam amino yang penting untuk melakukan berbagai proses hidupnya. Glifosat dapat masuk ke dalam tumbuhan karena penyerapan yang dilakukan tanaman dan kemudian diangkut ke pembuluh floem. Paparan glifosat akan menyebabkan beberapa gejala, seperti iritasi mata, penglihatan menjadi kabur, kulit terbakar atau gatal, mual, sakit tenggorokan, asma, kesulitan bernapas, sakit kepala, mimisan, dan pusing.\n\nKategori:Herbisida Kategori:Senyawa fosfor Kategori:Senyawa nitrogen Kategori:Asam organik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Glifosat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas (dapat mematikan sebagian besar tipe tanaman) yang dapat mengendalikan gulma semusim maupun tahunan di daerah tropis pada waktu pasca-tumbuh (post emergence).","translated_text":"Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide (can kill most plant types) that can control seasonal and annual weeds in the tropics at post-emergence times.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo | year = | month = | title = | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH | volume = | issue = | pages = 90-98 | doi = | id = | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24 | format = | accessdate = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":"jo","url":"http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:36.677003-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cara kerja herbisida ini adalah dengan menghambat enzim 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-fosfat sintase (EPSPS) yang berperan dalam pembentukan asam amino aromatik, seperti triptofan, tirosin, dan fenilalanin.","translated_text":"This herbicide works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is involved in the formation of aromatic amino acids, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo | year = | month = | title = | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH | volume = | issue = | pages = 90-98 | doi = | id = | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24 | format = | accessdate = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":"jo","url":"http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:36.677003-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tumbuhan akan mati karena kekurangan asam amino yang penting untuk melakukan berbagai proses hidupnya.","translated_text":"Plants will die due to a lack of amino acids that are essential for the various processes of life.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal | author = CAROLINE COX | year = 2004 | month = | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = | doi = | id = | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | format = | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2009-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":102,"name":"b","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:38.150212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Glifosat dapat masuk ke dalam tumbuhan karena penyerapan yang dilakukan tanaman dan kemudian diangkut ke pembuluh floem.","translated_text":"Glyphosate can enter the plant as a result of plant absorption and is then transported to the floem vessels.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo | year = | month = | title = | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH | volume = | issue = | pages = 90-98 | doi = | id = | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24 | format = | accessdate = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":"jo","url":"http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:36.677003-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paparan glifosat akan menyebabkan beberapa gejala, seperti iritasi mata, penglihatan menjadi kabur, kulit terbakar atau gatal, mual, sakit tenggorokan, asma, kesulitan bernapas, sakit kepala, mimisan, dan pusing.","translated_text":"Exposure to glyphosate will cause some symptoms, such as eye irritation, blurred vision, burning or itchy skin, nausea, sore throat, asthma, difficulty breathing, headache, tingling, and dizziness.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal | author = CAROLINE COX | year = 2004 | month = | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = | doi = | id = | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | format = | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2009-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":212,"name":"b","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:38.150212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal | author = CAROLINE COX | year = 2004 | month = | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = | doi = | id = | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | format = | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2009-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":212,"name":"b","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:38.150212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Herbisida Kategori:Senyawa fosfor Kategori:Senyawa nitrogen Kategori:Asam organik","translated_text":"Category:Herbicides Category:Phosphorus compounds Category:Nitrogen compounds Category:Organic acids","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Glifosat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas (dapat mematikan sebagian besar tipe tanaman) yang dapat mengendalikan gulma semusim maupun tahunan di daerah tropis pada waktu pasca-tumbuh (post emergence).","translated_text":"Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide (can kill most plant types) that can control seasonal and annual weeds in the tropics at post-emergence times.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo | year = | month = | title = | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH | volume = | issue = | pages = 90-98 | doi = | id = | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24 | format = | accessdate = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":"jo","url":"http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:36.677003-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glifosat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas (dapat mematikan sebagian besar tipe tanaman) yang dapat mengendalikan gulma semusim maupun tahunan di daerah tropis pada waktu pasca-tumbuh (post emergence). Cara kerja herbisida ini adalah dengan menghambat enzim 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-fosfat sintase (EPSPS) yang berperan dalam pembentukan asam amino aromatik, seperti triptofan, tirosin, dan fenilalanin.","translated_text":"Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide (can kill most plant types) that can control seasonal and annual weeds in the tropics at post-emergence times. This herbicide works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is involved in the formation of aromatic amino acids, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo | year = | month = | title = | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH | volume = | issue = | pages = 90-98 | doi = | id = | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24 | format = | accessdate = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":403,"name":"jo","url":"http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:36.677003-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glifosat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas (dapat mematikan sebagian besar tipe tanaman) yang dapat mengendalikan gulma semusim maupun tahunan di daerah tropis pada waktu pasca-tumbuh (post emergence). Cara kerja herbisida ini adalah dengan menghambat enzim 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-fosfat sintase (EPSPS) yang berperan dalam pembentukan asam amino aromatik, seperti triptofan, tirosin, dan fenilalanin. Tumbuhan akan mati karena kekurangan asam amino yang penting untuk melakukan berbagai proses hidupnya.","translated_text":"Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide (can kill most plant types) that can control seasonal and annual weeds in the tropics at post-emergence times. This herbicide works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is involved in the formation of aromatic amino acids, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Plants will die due to a lack of amino acids that are essential for the various processes of life.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal | author = CAROLINE COX | year = 2004 | month = | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = | doi = | id = | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | format = | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2009-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":506,"name":"b","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:38.150212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cara kerja herbisida ini adalah dengan menghambat enzim 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-fosfat sintase (EPSPS) yang berperan dalam pembentukan asam amino aromatik, seperti triptofan, tirosin, dan fenilalanin. Tumbuhan akan mati karena kekurangan asam amino yang penting untuk melakukan berbagai proses hidupnya. Glifosat dapat masuk ke dalam tumbuhan karena penyerapan yang dilakukan tanaman dan kemudian diangkut ke pembuluh floem.","translated_text":"This herbicide works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpiruvil-shikimat-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is involved in the formation of aromatic amino acids, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Plants will die due to a lack of amino acids that are essential for the various processes of life. Glyphosate can enter the plant as a result of plant absorption and is then transported to the floem vessels.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jo\">{{cite journal | author = S. Setyo Wardoyo | year = | month = | title = | journal = DISTRIBUSI VERTIKAL HERBISIDA GLIFOSAT DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT TANAH | volume = | issue = | pages = 90-98 | doi = | id = | url = http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24 | format = | accessdate = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":425,"name":"jo","url":"http://e-journal.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/viewFile/16/24","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:36.677003-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tumbuhan akan mati karena kekurangan asam amino yang penting untuk melakukan berbagai proses hidupnya. Glifosat dapat masuk ke dalam tumbuhan karena penyerapan yang dilakukan tanaman dan kemudian diangkut ke pembuluh floem. Paparan glifosat akan menyebabkan beberapa gejala, seperti iritasi mata, penglihatan menjadi kabur, kulit terbakar atau gatal, mual, sakit tenggorokan, asma, kesulitan bernapas, sakit kepala, mimisan, dan pusing.","translated_text":"Plants will die due to a lack of amino acids that are essential for the various processes of life. Glyphosate can enter the plant as a result of plant absorption and is then transported to the floem vessels. Exposure to glyphosate will cause some symptoms, such as eye irritation, blurred vision, burning or itchy skin, nausea, sore throat, asthma, difficulty breathing, headache, tingling, and dizziness.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal | author = CAROLINE COX | year = 2004 | month = | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = | doi = | id = | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | format = | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2009-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":436,"name":"b","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:38.150212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite journal | author = CAROLINE COX | year = 2004 | month = | title = Herbicide Factsheet: GLYPHOSATE | journal = JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = | doi = | id = | url = http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | format = | accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2009-04-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419083916/http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":436,"name":"b","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glyphosate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:38.150212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"SMA Negeri 7 Bogor","wikicode":"{{refimprove}}\n{{Infobox Sekolah\n| nama          = SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bogor\n| nama_asli     = \n| nama_latin    = \n| gambar        = [[Berkas:Smun7bogor.jpg|200px]]\n| didirikan     = 1991\n| tipe          = \n| akreditasi    = \n| motto         = Unggul dalam prestasi berdasarkan Iman dan Taqwa, profesional dalam layanan, semangat kerjasama dan keteladanan\n| maskot        = \n| rektor        = \n| kepsek        = Drs. Acep Sukirman (2018 – sekarang)\n| pamong        = \n| moderator     = \n| kelas         = \n| jurusan       = IPA dan IPS\n| rentang kelas = \n| kurikulum     = 2013\n| murid         = \n| status        = \n| lonem         = \n| hinem         = \n| avgnem        = \n| alamat        = Jl.Palupuh No.7 Perumnas Bantarjati – Bogor\n| kota          = Bogor\n| provinsi      = Jawa Barat\n| negara        = Indonesia \n| telp          = 0251-8326739\n| koordinat     = \n| situs web     = http://sma7bogor.com/\n| kampus        = \n| alumni        = [[Primus Yustisio]]\n| institusi     = \n| afiliasi      = \n| catatan       = \n}}\n\n'''SMA Negeri 7 Bogor''' adalah sekolah hasil alih fungsi dari (Sekolah Guru Olahraga) SGO ke SMA.\nSGO berdiri sejak tahun 1976 dengan Kepala Sekolah pertama bernama Drs. Sutrisno yang memimpin SGO dari tahun 1976 – 1984. Pemimpin SGO yang kedua Drs.Endang Supratman (1984-1987) dan yang ketiga Drs.Rosadi Wirasubrata (1987 – 1991).\n\nMulai tanggal 5 September 1991 SGO beralih fungsi menjadi SMA Negeri 7 Bogor berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI No: 105/9/0/1991 dan berlokasi di Jl.Palupuh No.7 Perumnas [[Bantarjati]] – [[Bogor]], sedangkan lokasi di jalan walet digunakan oleh SMAN 6 Bogor. Kepala SMAN 7 Bogor yang pertama bernama Drs. Rosadi Wirasubrata (1991-1996), kemudian diganti oleh Drs.Iding Kurniadi A. (1996-1999). Pemimpin berikutnya adalah Drs. H. Agus Suherman, M.Pd. (199-2003). Drs. Bambang Darmadji, M.Pd. (2003-2006) dan terakhir dijabat oleh Drs.Surya Setiamulyana, M.Pd. (2006 – sekarang).\n\n== Area & Fasilitas ==\nLuas areal yang dimiliki sekolah ini adalah 24.922 M2, sekolah yang memiliki areal terluas di kota Bogor. Luas lahan yang sudah dibangun sampai saat ini seluas 4.457,20 M2 dengan sarana lengkap yaitu Aula Sekolah, 27 ruang kelas, satu ruang guru, satu ruang kepala sekolah, ruang tata usaha, Lab Fisika, Kimia, Biologi, ruang [[perpustakaan]], Lab komputer, ruang media, ruang OSIS, lima ruang ekstrakurikuler, Aula, Masjid, lapangan bola, lapangan basket, lapangan volley, Lapangan Bulutangkis dan satu unit kantin. Luas areal yang belum dibangun seluas 20.464,8 M2.\n\nSuasana tenang, udara yang segar jauh dari polusi yang didukung oleh lingkungan yang hijau dan asri sangat memungkinkan SMAN 7 Bogor mengembangkan diri menjadi sekolah terbaik. Hal ini terbukti dengan meningkatnya jumlah siswa yang diterima di PTN dari tahun ke tahun, baik melalui jalur PMDK, SNMPTN, SBMPTN maupun Jalur Mandiri.\n\nSMAN 7 Bogor tidak hanya meningkatkan proses pembelajaran yang efektif di kelas, tapi juga mewadahi siswa dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler misalnya Pasukan Baris Berbaris, DKM, PMR, Pramuka, Bela diri, Kesenian dan Olahraga.\n\nProses pembelajaran dikelola oleh 58 orang guru tetap, 4 orang guru bantu dan 6 guru honorer. Mayoritas [[guru]] adalah Sarjana Pendidikan dan beberapa orang Magister Pendidikan. Di dalam melaksanakan kegiatan sekolah, SMAN 7 Bogor ditunjang oleh petugas administrasi yaitu 1 orang Kepala Tata Usaha, 4 tenaga tetap, Pustakawan, Laboran dan 16 tenaga honorer. Untuk membimbing para siswa dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler diangkat beberapa guru, misalnya pembina kerohanian Islam, Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja, Pecinta Alam, Pramuka, PMR, Kesenian, Olahraga, dll.\n\n== Prestasi Olahraga ==\nPrestasi para siswa dibidang olahraga sangat menonjol sehingga banyak kejuaraan yang telah diraih SMAN 7 Bogor baik tingkat kota, provinsi maupun tingkat nasional. Sekolah ini memiliki beberapa atlet nasional yang patut dibanggakan prestasinya.\n\n== Referensi ==\n* [http://sma7bogor.sch.id Website SMA Negeri 7 Bogor]\n\n{{SMA Negeri di Kota Bogor}}\n{{sekolah-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Sekolah menengah atas di Jawa Barat]]\n[[Kategori:Sekolah menengah atas]]\n[[Kategori:Bogor Utara, Bogor]]","hash":"150139d3bfab9f79b2b2c5686da858d46320f43d13a2881cd90ebeb9e9ade3ad","last_revision":"2023-03-12T07:46:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T19:51:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.836842","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"SMA Negeri 7 Bogor adalah sekolah hasil alih fungsi dari (Sekolah Guru Olahraga) SGO ke SMA. SGO berdiri sejak tahun 1976 dengan Kepala Sekolah pertama bernama Drs. Sutrisno yang memimpin SGO dari tahun 1976 – 1984. Pemimpin SGO yang kedua Drs.Endang Supratman (1984-1987) dan yang ketiga Drs.Rosadi Wirasubrata (1987 – 1991).\n\nMulai tanggal 5 September 1991 SGO beralih fungsi menjadi SMA Negeri 7 Bogor berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI No: 105/9/0/1991 dan berlokasi di Jl.Palupuh No.7 Perumnas Bantarjati – Bogor, sedangkan lokasi di jalan walet digunakan oleh SMAN 6 Bogor. Kepala SMAN 7 Bogor yang pertama bernama Drs. Rosadi Wirasubrata (1991-1996), kemudian diganti oleh Drs.Iding Kurniadi A. (1996-1999). Pemimpin berikutnya adalah Drs. H. Agus Suherman, M.Pd. (199-2003). Drs. Bambang Darmadji, M.Pd. (2003-2006) dan terakhir dijabat oleh Drs.Surya Setiamulyana, M.Pd. (2006 – sekarang).\n\nLuas areal yang dimiliki sekolah ini adalah 24.922 M2, sekolah yang memiliki areal terluas di kota Bogor. Luas lahan yang sudah dibangun sampai saat ini seluas 4.457,20 M2 dengan sarana lengkap yaitu Aula Sekolah, 27 ruang kelas, satu ruang guru, satu ruang kepala sekolah, ruang tata usaha, Lab Fisika, Kimia, Biologi, ruang perpustakaan, Lab komputer, ruang media, ruang OSIS, lima ruang ekstrakurikuler, Aula, Masjid, lapangan bola, lapangan basket, lapangan volley, Lapangan Bulutangkis dan satu unit kantin. Luas areal yang belum dibangun seluas 20.464,8 M2.\n\nSuasana tenang, udara yang segar jauh dari polusi yang didukung oleh lingkungan yang hijau dan asri sangat memungkinkan SMAN 7 Bogor mengembangkan diri menjadi sekolah terbaik. Hal ini terbukti dengan meningkatnya jumlah siswa yang diterima di PTN dari tahun ke tahun, baik melalui jalur PMDK, SNMPTN, SBMPTN maupun Jalur Mandiri.\n\nSMAN 7 Bogor tidak hanya meningkatkan proses pembelajaran yang efektif di kelas, tapi juga mewadahi siswa dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler misalnya Pasukan Baris Berbaris, DKM, PMR, Pramuka, Bela diri, Kesenian dan Olahraga.\n\nProses pembelajaran dikelola oleh 58 orang guru tetap, 4 orang guru bantu dan 6 guru honorer. Mayoritas guru adalah Sarjana Pendidikan dan beberapa orang Magister Pendidikan. Di dalam melaksanakan kegiatan sekolah, SMAN 7 Bogor ditunjang oleh petugas administrasi yaitu 1 orang Kepala Tata Usaha, 4 tenaga tetap, Pustakawan, Laboran dan 16 tenaga honorer. Untuk membimbing para siswa dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler diangkat beberapa guru, misalnya pembina kerohanian Islam, Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja, Pecinta Alam, Pramuka, PMR, Kesenian, Olahraga, dll.\n\nPrestasi para siswa dibidang olahraga sangat menonjol sehingga banyak kejuaraan yang telah diraih SMAN 7 Bogor baik tingkat kota, provinsi maupun tingkat nasional. Sekolah ini memiliki beberapa atlet nasional yang patut dibanggakan prestasinya.\n\nWebsite SMA Negeri 7 Bogor\n\nKategori:Sekolah menengah atas di Jawa Barat Kategori:Sekolah menengah atas Kategori:Bogor Utara, Bogor\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Sekolah\n| nama          = SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bogor\n| nama_asli     = \n| nama_latin    = \n| gambar        = [[Berkas:Smun7bogor.jpg|200px]]\n| didirikan     = 1991\n| tipe          = \n| akreditasi    = \n| motto         = Unggul dalam prestasi berdasarkan Iman dan Taqwa, profesional dalam layanan, semangat kerjasama dan keteladanan\n| maskot        = \n| rektor        = \n| kepsek        = Drs. Acep Sukirman (2018 – sekarang)\n| pamong        = \n| moderator     = \n| kelas         = \n| jurusan       = IPA dan IPS\n| rentang kelas = \n| kurikulum     = 2013\n| murid         = \n| status        = \n| lonem         = \n| hinem         = \n| avgnem        = \n| alamat        = Jl.Palupuh No.7 Perumnas Bantarjati – Bogor\n| kota          = Bogor\n| provinsi      = Jawa Barat\n| negara        = Indonesia \n| telp          = 0251-8326739\n| koordinat     = \n| situs web     = http://sma7bogor.com/\n| kampus        = \n| alumni        = [[Primus Yustisio]]\n| institusi     = \n| afiliasi      = \n| catatan       = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SMA Negeri 7 Bogor adalah sekolah hasil alih fungsi dari (Sekolah Guru Olahraga) SGO ke SMA.","translated_text":"Bogor State High School 7 is the result of transfer function from (School of Sports Teachers) SGO to high school.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"SGO berdiri sejak tahun 1976 dengan Kepala Sekolah pertama bernama Drs. Sutrisno yang memimpin SGO dari tahun 1976 – 1984.","translated_text":"SGO was founded in 1976 with the first Principal named Dr. Sutrisno who headed SGO from 1976 ⁇  1984.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemimpin SGO yang kedua Drs.Endang Supratman (1984-1987) dan yang ketiga Drs.Rosadi Wirasubrata (1987 – 1991).","translated_text":"The SGO leader was the second Drs.Endang Supratman (1984-1987) and the third Drs.Rosadi Wirasubrata (1987  ⁇  1991).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mulai tanggal 5 September 1991 SGO beralih fungsi menjadi SMA Negeri 7 Bogor berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI No: 105/9/0/1991 dan berlokasi di Jl.Palupuh No.7 Perumnas Bantarjati – Bogor, sedangkan lokasi di jalan walet digunakan oleh SMAN 6 Bogor.","translated_text":"From 5 September 1991 SGO switched functions to Bogor State High School 7 on the basis of the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture RI No: 105/9/0/1991 and is located in Jl.Palupuh No.7 Perumnas Bantarjati  ⁇  Bogor, while the location on the wallet road is used by SMAN 6 Bogor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kepala SMAN 7 Bogor yang pertama bernama Drs. Rosadi Wirasubrata (1991-1996), kemudian diganti oleh Drs.Iding Kurniadi A. (1996-1999).","translated_text":"The first head of SMAN 7 Bogor was named Drs. Rosadi Wirasubrata (1991-1996), then replaced by Drs. Iding Kurniadi A. (1996-1999).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemimpin berikutnya adalah Drs. H. Agus Suherman, M.Pd.","translated_text":"The next leader was Dr. H. Agus Suherman, M.Pd.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(199-2003).","translated_text":"(1993-2003) is the first of its kind.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Drs","translated_text":"Doctors","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":". Bambang Darmadji, M.Pd.","translated_text":"Bambang Darmadji, M.P.D.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2003-2006) dan terakhir dijabat oleh Drs.Surya Setiamulyana, M.Pd.","translated_text":"(2003-2006) and last held by Drs.Surya Setiamulyana, M.Pd.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2006 – sekarang).","translated_text":"(2006  ⁇  now).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Area & Fasilitas","translated_text":"Area & Facilities","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Luas areal yang dimiliki sekolah ini adalah 24.922 M2, sekolah yang memiliki areal terluas di kota Bogor.","translated_text":"The school has an area of 24,922 m2, which is the largest school in the city of Bogor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Luas lahan yang sudah dibangun sampai saat ini seluas 4.457,20 M2 dengan sarana lengkap yaitu Aula Sekolah, 27 ruang kelas, satu ruang guru, satu ruang kepala sekolah, ruang tata usaha, Lab Fisika, Kimia, Biologi, ruang perpustakaan, Lab komputer, ruang media, ruang OSIS, lima ruang ekstrakurikuler, Aula, Masjid, lapangan bola, lapangan basket, lapangan volley, Lapangan Bulutangkis dan satu unit kantin.","translated_text":"The area of land that has been constructed to date is 4,457.20 m2 with full amenities: School Hall, 27 classrooms, one teacher's room, one principal's room, a planning room, Physics, Chemistry, Biology Lab, library room, Computer Lab, media room, OSIS room, five extracurricular rooms, Hall, Mosque, football field, basketball field, volleyball field, Bulutangkis field and one canteen unit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Luas areal yang belum dibangun seluas 20.464,8 M2.","translated_text":"The unconstructed area is 20,464.8 m2.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Suasana tenang, udara yang segar jauh dari polusi yang didukung oleh lingkungan yang hijau dan asri sangat memungkinkan SMAN 7 Bogor mengembangkan diri menjadi sekolah terbaik.","translated_text":"The calm atmosphere, fresh air away from pollution supported by a green and sunny environment greatly enabled SMAN 7 Bogor to develop itself into the best school.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini terbukti dengan meningkatnya jumlah siswa yang diterima di PTN dari tahun ke tahun, baik melalui jalur PMDK, SNMPTN, SBMPTN maupun Jalur Mandiri.","translated_text":"This is evidenced by the increasing number of students admitted to PTN from year to year, both through the PMDK, SNMPTN, SBMPTN and Mandiri Lines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SMAN 7 Bogor tidak hanya meningkatkan proses pembelajaran yang efektif di kelas, tapi juga mewadahi siswa dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler misalnya Pasukan Baris Berbaris, DKM, PMR, Pramuka, Bela diri, Kesenian dan Olahraga.","translated_text":"SMAN 7 Bogor not only improves the effective learning process in the classroom, but also empowers students in extracurricular activities such as Linear Forces, DKM, PMR, Scouting, Martial Arts and Sports.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Proses pembelajaran dikelola oleh 58 orang guru tetap, 4 orang guru bantu dan 6 guru honorer.","translated_text":"The learning process is managed by 58 permanent teachers, 4 assistant teachers and 6 honorary teachers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mayoritas guru adalah Sarjana Pendidikan dan beberapa orang Magister Pendidikan.","translated_text":"The majority of teachers are Bachelor of Education and some are Masters of Education.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam melaksanakan kegiatan sekolah, SMAN 7 Bogor ditunjang oleh petugas administrasi yaitu 1 orang Kepala Tata Usaha, 4 tenaga tetap, Pustakawan, Laboran dan 16 tenaga honorer.","translated_text":"In carrying out the activities of the school, SMAN 7 Bogor is supported by administrative officers namely 1 Head of Tata Usaha, 4 permanent staff, Librarian, Laboran and 16 honorary staff.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk membimbing para siswa dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler diangkat beberapa guru, misalnya pembina kerohanian Islam, Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja, Pecinta Alam, Pramuka, PMR, Kesenian, Olahraga, dll.","translated_text":"To guide students in extracurricular activities several teachers are appointed, such as Islamic spiritual builders, Youth Scientific Groups, Nature Lovers, Scouts, PMR, Arts, Sports, etc.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prestasi Olahraga","translated_text":"Sports Performance","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Prestasi para siswa dibidang olahraga sangat menonjol sehingga banyak kejuaraan yang telah diraih SMAN 7 Bogor baik tingkat kota, provinsi maupun tingkat nasional.","translated_text":"The achievements of the students in sports are so outstanding that many championships have been achieved by SMAN 7 Bogor both at the city, provincial and national level.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekolah ini memiliki beberapa atlet nasional yang patut dibanggakan prestasinya.","translated_text":"The school has some national athletes to be proud of.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Website SMA Negeri 7 Bogor","translated_text":"Bogor State High School 7 website","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Sekolah menengah atas di Jawa Barat Kategori:Sekolah menengah atas Kategori:Bogor Utara, Bogor","translated_text":":High school in West Java Category:High school Category:Bogor North, Bogor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Maxima Pictures","wikicode":"{{Infobox company\n| name      = PT Maxima International\n| logo      = \n| trading_name = Maxima Pictures\n| type      = [[Perseroan terbatas]]\n| industry  = Perfilman\n| fate      = \n| predecessor = \n| successor =\n| founded   = {{Start date and age|2004|3}} di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], Indonesia \n| founder   = Yoen K\n| defunct  = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->\n| hq_location = Komplek Mangga Dua Square Rukan Blok D No. 5\n| hq_location_city = [[Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara|Jakarta Utara]]\n| hq_location_country = Indonesia\n| area_served = Indonesia\n| key_people =  \n| products  = \n| owner     = \n| num_employees = \n| num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) -->\n| parent    = \n| subsid    = \n| website   = \n}}\n'''Maxima Pictures''' adalah rumah produksi yang didirikan pada Maret 2004 oleh Yoen K. Rumah produksi ini telah menghasilkan lebih dari 20 judul film sejak film perdananya ''[[Cinta Pertama (film 2006)|Cinta Pertama]]'' di tahun 2006.\n\n== Filmografi ==\n\n=== Filmografi Maxima Pictures ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\"\n|-\n! Tahun\n! Judul\n! Sutradara\n|-\n| 2006\n| ''[[Cinta Pertama (film 2006)|Cinta Pertama]]''\n| [[Nayato Fio Nuala]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2007\n| ''[[Lewat Tengah Malam]]''\n| [[Nayato Fio Nuala|Koya Pagayo]]\n|-\n| ''[[Bukan Bintang Biasa the Movie]]''\n| [[Lasja Fauzia Susatyo]]\n|-\n| ''[[The Butterfly (film 2007)|The Butterfly]]''\n| [[Nayato Fio Nuala]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | 2008\n| ''[[Tali Pocong Perawan]]''\n| [[Arie Azis]]\n|-\n| ''[[Ada Kamu, Aku Ada]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Sumpah Pocong Di Sekolah]]''\n| [[Awi Suryadi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Tiren: Mati Kemaren]]''\n| Emil G. Hampp\n|-\n| ''[[Tulalit (film)|Tulalit]]''\n| [[Saptadjie]]\n|-\n| ''[[Ku Tunggu Jandamu]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | 2009\n| ''[[Setan Budeg]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Mati Suri (film)|Mati Suri]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Susuk Pocong]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]<br>[[Saptadjie]]\n|-\n| ''[[Paku Kuntilanak]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Maling Kutang]]''\n| [[Rako Prijanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[Air Terjun Pengantin]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Suster Keramas]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Helfi Kardit]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | 2010\n| ''[[Arisan Brondong]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Tiran: Mati di Ranjang]]''\n| [[Arie Azis]]\n|-\n| ''[[Menculik Miyabi]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Pocong Keliling]]''\n| [[Viva Westi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Lihat Boleh, Pegang Jangan]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Hantu Tanah Kusir]]''\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | 2011\n| ''[[Jenglot Pantai Selatan]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Suster Keramas 2]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Pupus (film)|Pupus]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n|-\n| ''[[Poconggg Juga Pocong]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Chiska Doppert]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2012\n| ''[[Bila (film)|Bila]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Brandal-Brandal Ciliwung]]''\n| [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | 2013\n| ''[[Air Terjun Pengantin Phuket]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Tampan Tailor]]''\n| [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[Refrain (film)|Refrain]]''\n| [[Fajar Nugros]]\n|-\n| ''[[Crazy Love (film)|Crazy Love]]''\n| rowspan=\"3\" | [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa (film)|99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa]]''\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | 2014\n| ''[[99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa Part 2]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Luntang Lantung]]''\n| [[Fajar Nugros]]\n|-\n| ''[[Viva JKT48]]''\n| [[Awi Suryadi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Runaway (film 2014)|Runaway]]''\n| rowspan=\"4\" | [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[Assalamualaikum Beijing]]''\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2015\n| ''[[LDR (film)|LDR]]''\n|-\n| ''Where is My Romeo''\n|-\n| ''[[Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2016\n| ''[[Wa'alaikumsalam Paris]]''\n| [[Benni Setiawan]]\n|-\n| ''[[Winter in Tokyo]]''\n| [[Fajar Bustomi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Aku Ingin Ibu Pulang]]''\n| [[Monty Tiwa]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"1\" | 2018\n| ''[[Jaga Pocong]]''\n| [[Hadrah Daeng Ratu]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"1\" | 2019\n| ''[[Reva: Guna-Guna]]''\n| [[Jose Poernomo]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"1\" | 2020\n| ''[[Aku Tahu Kapan Kamu Mati]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Hadrah Daeng Ratu]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2022\n| ''[[Merindu Cahaya de Amstel]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Sayap-Sayap Patah]] ''\n| [[Rudi Soedjarwo]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\"| 2023\n| ''[[Perjanjian Gaib]]''\n| [[Hadrah Daeng Ratu]]\n|-\n|''[[Bukannya Aku Tidak Mau Nikah]]''\n|[[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|- \n| ''Primbon''\n| [[Rudi Soedjarwo]]\n|-\n|2024\n|''Kupu-kupu Kertas''\n|[[Emil Heradi]]\n|}\n\n=== Filmografi Movie Eight {{Smaller|(anak perusahaan Maxima Pictures)}} ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Sutradara\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2012\n|''[[Nenek Gayung]]''\n| rowspan=\"3\" |Nuri Dahlia\n|-\n|''[[Kakek Cangkul]]''\n|-\n|''[[Mama Minta Pulsa]]''\n|-\n|''[[Tali Pocong Perawan 2]]''\n|Volkan Maida\n|-\n| 2013\n|''[[Kembalinya Nenek Gayung]]''\n|Shakuntala\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2015\n|''[[Kampung Zombie]]''\n|[[Billy Christian]]\n|-\n|''Palasik''\n|Dedy Mercy\n|}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{Twitter|MaximaPictures}}\n* {{Instagram|maximapictures}}\n\n[[Kategori:Maxima Pictures| ]]\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 2004 di Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 2004]]\n[[Kategori:Merek Indonesia]]","hash":"dfbc6784121ff479d0be8a6d1c7001807f0e356978126b7ebac7aa49121249ee","last_revision":"2023-12-15T12:47:44Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T20:39:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.904858","cross_lingual_links":{"ms":"Maxima Pictures"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Maxima Pictures adalah rumah produksi yang didirikan pada Maret 2004 oleh Yoen K. Rumah produksi ini telah menghasilkan lebih dari 20 judul film sejak film perdananya Cinta Pertama di tahun 2006.\n\nKategori:Maxima Pictures Kategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia Kategori:Pendirian tahun 2004 di Indonesia Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 2004 Kategori:Merek Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox company\n| name      = PT Maxima International\n| logo      = \n| trading_name = Maxima Pictures\n| type      = [[Perseroan terbatas]]\n| industry  = Perfilman\n| fate      = \n| predecessor = \n| successor =\n| founded   = {{Start date and age|2004|3}} di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], Indonesia \n| founder   = Yoen K\n| defunct  = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->\n| hq_location = Komplek Mangga Dua Square Rukan Blok D No. 5\n| hq_location_city = [[Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara|Jakarta Utara]]\n| hq_location_country = Indonesia\n| area_served = Indonesia\n| key_people =  \n| products  = \n| owner     = \n| num_employees = \n| num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) -->\n| parent    = \n| subsid    = \n| website   = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Maxima Pictures adalah rumah produksi yang didirikan pada Maret 2004 oleh Yoen K. Rumah produksi ini telah menghasilkan lebih dari 20 judul film sejak film perdananya Cinta Pertama di tahun 2006.","translated_text":"Maxima Pictures is a production house founded in March 2004 by Yoen K. The production house has produced more than 20 film titles since his first film First Love in 2006.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi Maxima Pictures","translated_text":"Filmography by Maxima Pictures","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\"\n|-\n! Tahun\n! Judul\n! Sutradara\n|-\n| 2006\n| ''[[Cinta Pertama (film 2006)|Cinta Pertama]]''\n| [[Nayato Fio Nuala]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2007\n| ''[[Lewat Tengah Malam]]''\n| [[Nayato Fio Nuala|Koya Pagayo]]\n|-\n| ''[[Bukan Bintang Biasa the Movie]]''\n| [[Lasja Fauzia Susatyo]]\n|-\n| ''[[The Butterfly (film 2007)|The Butterfly]]''\n| [[Nayato Fio Nuala]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | 2008\n| ''[[Tali Pocong Perawan]]''\n| [[Arie Azis]]\n|-\n| ''[[Ada Kamu, Aku Ada]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Sumpah Pocong Di Sekolah]]''\n| [[Awi Suryadi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Tiren: Mati Kemaren]]''\n| Emil G. Hampp\n|-\n| ''[[Tulalit (film)|Tulalit]]''\n| [[Saptadjie]]\n|-\n| ''[[Ku Tunggu Jandamu]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"7\" | 2009\n| ''[[Setan Budeg]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Mati Suri (film)|Mati Suri]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Susuk Pocong]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]<br>[[Saptadjie]]\n|-\n| ''[[Paku Kuntilanak]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Maling Kutang]]''\n| [[Rako Prijanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[Air Terjun Pengantin]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Suster Keramas]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Helfi Kardit]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\" | 2010\n| ''[[Arisan Brondong]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Tiran: Mati di Ranjang]]''\n| [[Arie Azis]]\n|-\n| ''[[Menculik Miyabi]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Pocong Keliling]]''\n| [[Viva Westi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Lihat Boleh, Pegang Jangan]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Hantu Tanah Kusir]]''\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | 2011\n| ''[[Jenglot Pantai Selatan]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Suster Keramas 2]]''\n| [[Findo Purwono HW]]\n|-\n| ''[[Pupus (film)|Pupus]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n|-\n| ''[[Poconggg Juga Pocong]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Chiska Doppert]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2012\n| ''[[Bila (film)|Bila]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Brandal-Brandal Ciliwung]]''\n| [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | 2013\n| ''[[Air Terjun Pengantin Phuket]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| ''[[Tampan Tailor]]''\n| [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[Refrain (film)|Refrain]]''\n| [[Fajar Nugros]]\n|-\n| ''[[Crazy Love (film)|Crazy Love]]''\n| rowspan=\"3\" | [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa (film)|99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa]]''\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\" | 2014\n| ''[[99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa Part 2]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Luntang Lantung]]''\n| [[Fajar Nugros]]\n|-\n| ''[[Viva JKT48]]''\n| [[Awi Suryadi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Runaway (film 2014)|Runaway]]''\n| rowspan=\"4\" | [[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|-\n| ''[[Assalamualaikum Beijing]]''\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2015\n| ''[[LDR (film)|LDR]]''\n|-\n| ''Where is My Romeo''\n|-\n| ''[[Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika]]''\n| [[Rizal Mantovani]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2016\n| ''[[Wa'alaikumsalam Paris]]''\n| [[Benni Setiawan]]\n|-\n| ''[[Winter in Tokyo]]''\n| [[Fajar Bustomi]]\n|-\n| ''[[Aku Ingin Ibu Pulang]]''\n| [[Monty Tiwa]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"1\" | 2018\n| ''[[Jaga Pocong]]''\n| [[Hadrah Daeng Ratu]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"1\" | 2019\n| ''[[Reva: Guna-Guna]]''\n| [[Jose Poernomo]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"1\" | 2020\n| ''[[Aku Tahu Kapan Kamu Mati]]''\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Hadrah Daeng Ratu]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2022\n| ''[[Merindu Cahaya de Amstel]]''\n|-\n| ''[[Sayap-Sayap Patah]] ''\n| [[Rudi Soedjarwo]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\"| 2023\n| ''[[Perjanjian Gaib]]''\n| [[Hadrah Daeng Ratu]]\n|-\n|''[[Bukannya Aku Tidak Mau Nikah]]''\n|[[Guntur Soeharjanto]]\n|- \n| ''Primbon''\n| [[Rudi Soedjarwo]]\n|-\n|2024\n|''Kupu-kupu Kertas''\n|[[Emil Heradi]]\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi Movie Eight","translated_text":"Filmography of the Movie Eight","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Sutradara\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2012\n|''[[Nenek Gayung]]''\n| rowspan=\"3\" |Nuri Dahlia\n|-\n|''[[Kakek Cangkul]]''\n|-\n|''[[Mama Minta Pulsa]]''\n|-\n|''[[Tali Pocong Perawan 2]]''\n|Volkan Maida\n|-\n| 2013\n|''[[Kembalinya Nenek Gayung]]''\n|Shakuntala\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2015\n|''[[Kampung Zombie]]''\n|[[Billy Christian]]\n|-\n|''Palasik''\n|Dedy Mercy\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Maxima Pictures Kategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia Kategori:Pendirian tahun 2004 di Indonesia Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 2004 Kategori:Merek Indonesia","translated_text":":Maxima Pictures Category:Indonesian film production company Category:Founded in 2004 in Indonesia Category:Company founded in 2004 Category:Indonesian brand","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Lasja Fauzia Susatyo","wikicode":"{{BLP unsourced|date=Januari 2023}}\n{{Infobox person\n| honorific_prefix = \n| name             = Lasja Fauzia Susatyo\n| honorific_suffix = \n| image            = \n| image_upright    = \n| image_size       = \n| landscape        = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->\n| alt              = \n| caption          = \n| native_name      = \n| native_name_lang = \n| birth_name       = Lasja Fauzia Susatyo\n| alias            = Lasja F. Susatyo\n| birth_date       = \n| birth_place      = {{birth date and age|1970|10|10}}\n| death_date       = \n| death_place      = \n| occupation       = [[sutradara]]\n| children=\n| parents=\n| alma_mater=\n| relatives=\n\n| spouse=\n| website          = \n| signature = \n| module=\n\n{{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes\n| background       = \n| origin           = \n| genre            = \n| instrument       = \n| years_active     = [[2004]]-sekarang\n| label            = \n| associated_acts  = \n| current_members = \n| past_members = \n}}\n}}\n\n'''Lasja Fauzia Susatyo''', yang dikenal juga sebagai '''Lasja F. Susatyo''' ({{lahirmati||10|10|1970}}) adalah seorang [[sutradara]] perempuan [[Indonesia]].\n\n== Filmografi ==\n{| class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders sortable\" width=\"\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Tahun\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Judul\n! colspan=\"2\" |Dikreditkan sebagai\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\" class=\"unsortable\"| Keterangan\n|-\n![[Produser]]\n![[Sutradara]]\n|-\n|2001\n|[[Ada Apa dengan Cinta?|''Ada Ada Dengan Cinta?'']]\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes|Asisten Sutradara}}\n|\n|-\n| 2004\n| ''[[Lovely Luna]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|Debut penyutradaraan\n|-\n| 2006\n| ''[[Dunia Mereka]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2007\n| ''[[Bukan Bintang Biasa (film)|Bukan Bintang Biasa]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2008\n| ''[[Perempuan Punya Cerita]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|Segmen: Cerita Jakarta\n|-\n| 2011\n| ''[[Langit Biru]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2012\n| ''[[Kita Versus Korupsi]]''\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|Segmen: Aku Padamu\n|-\n| 2013\n| ''[[Mika (film)|Mika]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2013\n| ''[[Cinta dari Wamena]]''\n| {{Yes|Ko-Produser}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2014\n| ''[[Sebelum Pagi Terulang Kembali]]''\n| {{No}}\n| {{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n|2020\n|''[[Seperti Hujan yang Jatuh ke Bumi]]''\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|}\n\n== Serial web ==\n* ''[[Knock Out Girl]]'' (2018) juga sebagai penulis\n* ''[[Scandal (seri web)|Scandal]]'' (2021)\n* ''[[Bali Mon Amour]]'' (TBA)\n\n== Video Klip ==\n=== 2007 ===\n\n* [[Ayushita]] - Tak Mau Sendiri\n* [[Laudya Cinthya Bella]] - Karena Cinta\n\n== Nominasi dan penghargaan ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\n|-\n! style=\"width: 33px; background: #ecc850;\" | Penghargaan\n! style=\"width: 200px; background: #ecc850;\" | Tahun\n! style=\"width: 200px; background: #ecc850;\" | Kategori\n! style=\"width: 100px; background: #ecc850;\" | Karya yang dinominasikan\n! style=\"width: 200px; background: #ecc850;\" | Hasil\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Indonesia]]\n|[[Festival Film Indonesia 2014|2014]]\n|[[Film Cerita Panjang Terbaik Festival Film Indonesia|Film Terbaik]]\n|rowspan = 2|''[[Sebelum Pagi Terulang Kembali]]''\n|{{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Piala Maya]]\n| [[Piala Maya 2014|2014]]\n| [[Piala Maya untuk Sutradara Terpilih|Sutradara Terpilih]]\n| {{nom}}\n|-\n|}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b7a790a14308_lasja-fauzia-susatyo/filmography#.UaHGnJxNHKf Profil]\n* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682365/ Profil IMdB]\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Fauzia, Lasja}}\n[[Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia]]\n\n\n{{Indo-bio-stub}}","hash":"e9a3b15cb90d4a7477d1677818df3869fe03c5319be08dce3fd2280c0fa2dd5c","last_revision":"2023-01-24T17:54:16Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T21:01:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:49.965911","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Lasja Fauzia Susatyo, yang dikenal juga sebagai Lasja F. Susatyo () adalah seorang sutradara perempuan Indonesia.\n\nKnock Out Girl (2018) juga sebagai penulis Scandal (2021) Bali Mon Amour (TBA)\n\nAyushita - Tak Mau Sendiri Laudya Cinthya Bella - Karena Cinta\n\nProfil Profil IMdB\n\nKategori:Sutradara Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n| honorific_prefix = \n| name             = Lasja Fauzia Susatyo\n| honorific_suffix = \n| image            = \n| image_upright    = \n| image_size       = \n| landscape        = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->\n| alt              = \n| caption          = \n| native_name      = \n| native_name_lang = \n| birth_name       = Lasja Fauzia Susatyo\n| alias            = Lasja F. Susatyo\n| birth_date       = \n| birth_place      = {{birth date and age|1970|10|10}}\n| death_date       = \n| death_place      = \n| occupation       = [[sutradara]]\n| children=\n| parents=\n| alma_mater=\n| relatives=\n\n| spouse=\n| website          = \n| signature = \n| module=\n\n{{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes\n| background       = \n| origin           = \n| genre            = \n| instrument       = \n| years_active     = [[2004]]-sekarang\n| label            = \n| associated_acts  = \n| current_members = \n| past_members = \n}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lasja Fauzia Susatyo, yang dikenal juga sebagai Lasja F. Susatyo () adalah seorang sutradara perempuan Indonesia.","translated_text":"Lasja Fauzia Susatyo, also known as Lasja F. Susatyo () is an Indonesian female director.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders sortable\" width=\"\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Tahun\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Judul\n! colspan=\"2\" |Dikreditkan sebagai\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\" class=\"unsortable\"| Keterangan\n|-\n![[Produser]]\n![[Sutradara]]\n|-\n|2001\n|[[Ada Apa dengan Cinta?|''Ada Ada Dengan Cinta?'']]\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes|Asisten Sutradara}}\n|\n|-\n| 2004\n| ''[[Lovely Luna]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|Debut penyutradaraan\n|-\n| 2006\n| ''[[Dunia Mereka]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2007\n| ''[[Bukan Bintang Biasa (film)|Bukan Bintang Biasa]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2008\n| ''[[Perempuan Punya Cerita]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|Segmen: Cerita Jakarta\n|-\n| 2011\n| ''[[Langit Biru]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2012\n| ''[[Kita Versus Korupsi]]''\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|Segmen: Aku Padamu\n|-\n| 2013\n| ''[[Mika (film)|Mika]]''\n| {{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2013\n| ''[[Cinta dari Wamena]]''\n| {{Yes|Ko-Produser}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2014\n| ''[[Sebelum Pagi Terulang Kembali]]''\n| {{No}}\n| {{Yes}}\n|\n|-\n|2020\n|''[[Seperti Hujan yang Jatuh ke Bumi]]''\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Serial web","translated_text":"Web series","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Knock Out Girl (2018) juga sebagai penulis Scandal (2021)","translated_text":"Knock Out Girl (2018) also as the author of Scandal (2021)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bali Mon Amour (TBA)","translated_text":"Bali Mon Amour (TBA)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Video Klip","translated_text":"Video clips","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"2007","translated_text":"2007 is the year.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ayushita - Tak Mau Sendiri Laudya Cinthya Bella - Karena Cinta","translated_text":"Ayushita - Not wanting to be alone Laudya Cinthya Bella - For love","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Nominasi dan penghargaan","translated_text":"Nominations and awards","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\n|-\n! style=\"width: 33px; background: #ecc850;\" | Penghargaan\n! style=\"width: 200px; background: #ecc850;\" | Tahun\n! style=\"width: 200px; background: #ecc850;\" | Kategori\n! style=\"width: 100px; background: #ecc850;\" | Karya yang dinominasikan\n! style=\"width: 200px; background: #ecc850;\" | Hasil\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Indonesia]]\n|[[Festival Film Indonesia 2014|2014]]\n|[[Film Cerita Panjang Terbaik Festival Film Indonesia|Film Terbaik]]\n|rowspan = 2|''[[Sebelum Pagi Terulang Kembali]]''\n|{{nom}}\n|-\n| [[Piala Maya]]\n| [[Piala Maya 2014|2014]]\n| [[Piala Maya untuk Sutradara Terpilih|Sutradara Terpilih]]\n| {{nom}}\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profil Profil IMdB","translated_text":"Profile of the IMDB","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian director","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Arie Azis","wikicode":"{{Like resume|date=Desember 2021}}\n{{Unreferenced|date=Desember 2021}}\n'''Arie Azis''' adalah seorang sutradara Indonesia. Karya perdananya adalah FTV berjudul ''Arisan, Just For Fun'' yang dibuat tahun 2006 silam.\n\n== Akuan pembuat film ==\n=== Karier penyutradaraan ===\n==== Film ====\n<i>\n* [[Suster Ngesot]] (2007)\n* [[Lawang Sewu: Dendam Kuntilanak]] (2007)\n* [[Hantu Jembatan Ancol]] (2008)\n* [[Tali Pocong Perawan]] (2008)\n* [[Asoy Geboy]] (2008)\n* [[Perjaka Terakhir]] (2009)\n* [[The God Babe]] (2010)\n* [[Tiran: Mati di Ranjang]] (2010)\n* [[Istri Bo'ongan]] (2010)\n* [[Penganten Pocong]] (2012)\n* [[Rumah Hantu Pasar Malam]] (2012)\n* Oops!! Ada Vampir (2016)\n* [[Ular Tangga (film)|Ular Tangga]] (2017)\n* [[The Secret: Suster Ngesot Urban Legend]] (2018)\n* [[Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Arwah]] (2018)\n* Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Nyai (2018)\n* Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Tumbal (2020)\n* [[Hompimpa (film)|Hompimpa]] (2021)\n* Kutukan Sembilan Setan (2023)\n</i>\n==== Serial televisi ====\n<i>\n* Ada Cinta di Lantai 9 (2004)\n* [[Iskul]] (2012)\n</i>\n\n==== FTV ====\n<i>\n* Arisan, Just For Fun (2006)\n* From Pizza With Love (2011) \n* Kopi Cinta Adit dan Sani (2012) \n* Akutuh Kesel Tapi Cinta\n* Demi Oppa Ganteng Dari Kroya\n* Gengsi Tapi Kok Balikan\n* Tour Guide Setengah Cinta\n* Jikalau Kau Cinta Nikahin Aku Donk\n* Jangan Nikah Sebelum Nonton Ini\n* Honeymoon Ugal-ugalan\n* Demo Syantik Mahasiswi Cetar\n* Montir Cantik dengan Kearifan Lokal\n* Siapa Takut Cewek Galak\n* Cinta Bersemi di Buotique no.23\n* Pecahkan Saja Hati Mika Biar Ramai-ramai!! \n* Mengejar Cinta? Siapa Takut!! \n* Romantik di Balik Gempa\n* Sekuntum Rindu Tajir\n* Rebutan Pembantu Tajir\n* Cinta di Tangan Pembantu\n* Pembantu Majikan Jatuh Cinta\n* Cinta Pura Pura\n* Diseruduk Cinta Konglomerat KW \n* Cewek Cantik Tapi Jagoan\n* Pak Guru Rebutan\n* Cinta Pikun So Unforgettable\n* Dari Brother Jadi Boyfriend\n* Dari Donor Jadi Demen\n* Terlalu Cinta Cewek Cantik Nggak Sadar Ditikung Sahabat\n* Kalo Cinta Dipatok Ayam\n* Tanjidor Berpesan Cinta\n* Pak Guru I love You\n</i>\n\n==== Serial web ====\n* ''[[Omen (seri web)|Omen]]'' (2020)\n* ''[[Brutal (seri web)|Brutal]]'' (2021)\n* ''[[Kupilih Cinta]]'' (2021-2022)\n\n==== Film pendek ====\n* ''Senja'' (2014, bersama [[Cindy Bernadette]])\n=== Karier pemroduseran ===\n* ''[[Suami-Suami Takut Istri the Movie]]'' (2008, lini)\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2777446/ Profil di IMDb]\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Azis, Arie}}\n[[Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia]]\n\n\n{{Indo-bio-stub}}","hash":"ebf4d95a9ef9e789871e91137e659274e77f7e1b697d497294c512d34a5301e6","last_revision":"2023-12-23T16:39:33Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T21:11:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.019953","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Arie Azis adalah seorang sutradara Indonesia. Karya perdananya adalah FTV berjudul Arisan, Just For Fun yang dibuat tahun 2006 silam.\n\nSuster Ngesot (2007) Lawang Sewu: Dendam Kuntilanak (2007) Hantu Jembatan Ancol (2008) Tali Pocong Perawan (2008) Asoy Geboy (2008) Perjaka Terakhir (2009) The God Babe (2010) Tiran: Mati di Ranjang (2010) Istri Bo'ongan (2010) Penganten Pocong (2012) Rumah Hantu Pasar Malam (2012) Oops!! Ada Vampir (2016) Ular Tangga (2017) The Secret: Suster Ngesot Urban Legend (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Arwah (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Nyai (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Tumbal (2020) Hompimpa (2021) Kutukan Sembilan Setan (2023)\n\nAda Cinta di Lantai 9 (2004) Iskul (2012)\n\nArisan, Just For Fun (2006) From Pizza With Love (2011) Kopi Cinta Adit dan Sani (2012) Akutuh Kesel Tapi Cinta Demi Oppa Ganteng Dari Kroya Gengsi Tapi Kok Balikan Tour Guide Setengah Cinta Jikalau Kau Cinta Nikahin Aku Donk Jangan Nikah Sebelum Nonton Ini Honeymoon Ugal-ugalan Demo Syantik Mahasiswi Cetar Montir Cantik dengan Kearifan Lokal Siapa Takut Cewek Galak Cinta Bersemi di Buotique no.23 Pecahkan Saja Hati Mika Biar Ramai-ramai!! Mengejar Cinta? Siapa Takut!! Romantik di Balik Gempa Sekuntum Rindu Tajir Rebutan Pembantu Tajir Cinta di Tangan Pembantu Pembantu Majikan Jatuh Cinta Cinta Pura Pura Diseruduk Cinta Konglomerat KW Cewek Cantik Tapi Jagoan Pak Guru Rebutan Cinta Pikun So Unforgettable Dari Brother Jadi Boyfriend Dari Donor Jadi Demen Terlalu Cinta Cewek Cantik Nggak Sadar Ditikung Sahabat Kalo Cinta Dipatok Ayam Tanjidor Berpesan Cinta Pak Guru I love You\n\nOmen (2020) Brutal (2021) Kupilih Cinta (2021-2022)\n\nSenja (2014, bersama Cindy Bernadette)\n\nSuami-Suami Takut Istri the Movie (2008, lini)\n\nProfil di IMDb\n\nKategori:Sutradara Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Arie Azis adalah seorang sutradara Indonesia.","translated_text":"Arie Azis is an Indonesian director.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karya perdananya adalah FTV berjudul Arisan, Just For Fun yang dibuat tahun 2006 silam.","translated_text":"His first work was an FTV titled Arisan, Just For Fun which was made in 2006.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Akuan pembuat film","translated_text":"I'm the filmmaker.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier penyutradaraan","translated_text":"Directing career","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Film","translated_text":"The movie","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Suster Ngesot (2007) Lawang Sewu: Dendam Kuntilanak (2007) Hantu Jembatan Ancol (2008) Tali Pocong Perawan (2008) Asoy Geboy (2008) Perjaka Terakhir (2009) The God Babe (2010) Tiran: Mati di Ranjang (2010) Istri Bo'ongan (2010) Penganten Pocong (2012) Rumah Hantu Pasar Malam (2012) Oops!!","translated_text":"Sister Ngesot (2007) Lawang Sewu: Dendam Kuntilanak (2007) Ghost of the Ancol Bridge (2008) Rope of the Virgin Pocong (2008) Asoy Geboy (2008) The Last Marriage (2009) The God Babe (2010) Tiran: Dead in the Bed (2010) Wife of Bo'ongan (2010) Bride of the Pocong (2012) House of the Night Market Ghost (2012) Oops!!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada Vampir (2016) Ular Tangga (2017)","translated_text":"There is a Vampire (2016) Snake of Stairs (2017)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Secret: Suster Ngesot Urban Legend (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Arwah (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Nyai (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Tumbal (2020) Hompimpa (2021) Kutukan Sembilan Setan (2023)","translated_text":"The Secret: Sister Ngesot Urban Legend (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Arwah (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Nyai (2018) Arwah Tumbal Nyai: Part Tumbal (2020) Hompimpa (2021) Curse of the Nine Satans (2023)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Serial televisi","translated_text":"Television series","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ada Cinta di Lantai 9 (2004) Iskul (2012)","translated_text":"There is Love on the 9th Floor (2004)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"FTV","translated_text":"FTV","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Arisan, Just For Fun (2006) From Pizza With Love (2011) Kopi Cinta Adit dan Sani (2012) Akutuh Kesel Tapi Cinta Demi Oppa Ganteng Dari Kroya Gengsi Tapi Kok Balikan Tour Guide Setengah Cinta Jikalau Kau Cinta Nikahin Aku Donk Jangan Nikah Sebelum Nonton Ini Honeymoon Ugal-ugalan Demo Syantik Mahasiswi Cetar Montir Cantik dengan Kearifan Lokal Siapa Takut Cewek Galak Cinta Bersemi di Buotique no.23 Pecahkan Saja Hati Mika Biar Ramai-ramai!!","translated_text":"Arisan, Just For Fun (2006) From Pizza With Love (2011) Coffee Love Adit and Sani (2012) Hot Hot But Love for Oppa Ganteng from Kroya Gengsi But How to Restore Half Love If You Love Marry Me Don't Get Married Before Watching This Honeymoon","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mengejar Cinta?","translated_text":"The pursuit of love?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siapa Takut!!","translated_text":"Who's Afraid!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Romantik di Balik Gempa Sekuntum Rindu Tajir Rebutan Pembantu Tajir Cinta di Tangan Pembantu Pembantu Majikan Jatuh Cinta Cinta Pura Pura Diseruduk Cinta Konglomerat KW Cewek Cantik Tapi Jagoan Pak Guru Rebutan Cinta Pikun So Unforgettable Dari Brother Jadi Boyfriend Dari Donor Jadi Demen Terlalu Cinta Cewek Cantik Nggak Sadar Ditikung Sahabat Kalo Cinta Dipatok Ayam Tanjidor Berpesan Cinta Pak Guru I love You","translated_text":"Romantic behind the seventh earthquake misses the whirlwinds the whirlwinds the whirlwinds the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds the love in the hands of the whirlwinds","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Serial web","translated_text":"Web series","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Omen (2020) Brutal (2021) Kupilih Cinta (2021-2022)","translated_text":"Omen (2020) Brutal (2021) I choose love (2021-2022)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Film pendek","translated_text":"Short film","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Senja (2014, bersama Cindy Bernadette)","translated_text":"Senja (2014, with Cindy Bernadette)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier pemroduseran","translated_text":"Production career","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Suami-Suami Takut Istri the Movie (2008, lini)","translated_text":"Husbands are afraid of their wives the Movie (2008, line)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profil di IMDb","translated_text":"Profiles on IMDb","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian director","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:PrasastiPinawetengan.jpg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n|description    = Batu Prasasti Pinawetengan ditemukan tahun 1888, oleh orang Tompaso dikedalaman 4 meter dalam tanah dan oleh dorongan AT Scwarchz maka dapat digali. Prasasti ini merupakan Kesepakatan para pemimpin Malesung (leluhur Minahasa) untuk mendeklarasikan pemerintahan demokrasi. Kejadian ini diperkirakan antara tahun 300-670 Masehi.\n\n[[Pengguna:Naomi Eny|Naomi Eny]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Naomi Eny|bicara]]) 21:19, 13 Juni 2010 (UTC)\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{GFDL|migration=not-eligible}}","hash":"25f6847462630bb2cc07bd92dc629a282f6cb11bd9f17376662325826e414f5f","last_revision":"2020-05-21T09:40:12Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T21:19:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.078669","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kikar Ha-Halomot","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=November 2022}}\n\n{{Infobox Film\n|name = Kikar Ha-Halomot\n|image = Kikar Ha-Halomot.jpg\n|caption = \n|director = [[Benny Toraty]]\n|producer = [[Amir Harel]]<br />[[Haim Manor]]\n|writer = [[Benny Toraty]]\n|starring = [[Joseph Shiloach]]<br />[[Yona Elian]]<br />[[Mohammed Bakri]]<br />[[Uri Gavriel]]<br />[[Nir Levy]]<br />[[Sharon Raginiano]]<br />[[Uri Klauzner]]<br />[[Ayelet Zurer]]<br />[[Tamara Dayan]]<br />[[Yonatan Dani]]<br />[[Baruch Sasson]]<br />[[Y.R. Morad]]<br />[[Shlomi Saranga]]<br />[[Zvi Marco]]<br />[[Tzion Kedem]]<br />[[Na'ima Hansab]]<br />[[Micha Lankri]]<br />[[David Batish]]<br />[[Ra'anan Hefetz]]<br />[[Yehuda Avliav]]<br />[[David Mograbi]]<br />[[Ya'akov Ronen Morad]]<br />[[Etti Rosenthal]]<br />[[Benny Toraty]]<br />[[Yitzhak Toraty]]\n|music = [[Shem-Tov Levy]]\n|cinematography = [[Dror Moreh]]\n|editing = [[Yosef Grunfeld]]\n|studio = \n|distributor = {{negara|Israel}} [[Israeli Film Fund]]\n|released = [[10 Mei]] [[2001]]\n|runtime = 98 menit\n|country = {{negara|Israel}} [[Israel]]\n|awards = \n|language = [[Bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]]\n|budget = \n}}\n'''''Kikar Ha-Halomot''''' ({{lang-he|<big>כיכר החלומות</big>}}) adalah sebuah film [[drama]] asal [[Israel]] buatan tahun [[2001]]. Film ini disutradarai dan ditulis oleh [[Benny Toraty]]. Film ini dimainkan oleh [[Joseph Shiloach]], [[Yona Elian]], [[Mohammed Bakri]], [[Uri Gavriel]], [[Nir Levy]], [[Sharon Raginiano]], dan masih banyak lagi.\n\nKonsep film ini telah menjadi pengaruh yang penting bagi film-film lainnya setelah itu. Pada tahun [[2000]], ''Kikar Ha-Halomot'' dinominasikan 7 kategori dalam [[Award of the Israeli Film Academy]] dan meraih penghargaan 5 kategori dalam [[Award of the Israeli Film Academy]]. Pada tahun [[2001]], ''Kikar Ha-Halomot'' juga meraih penghargaan Antigone Emas dalam [[Festival Film Mediterania Montpellier]].\n\n== Pemeran ==\n* [[Joseph Shiloach]] ... Yisrael\n* [[Yona Elian]] ... Seniora Mandabon\n* [[Mohammed Bakri]] ... Avram Mandabon\n* [[Uri Gavriel]] ... Aron 'Gabardine'\n* [[Nir Levy]] ... Nissim Mandabon\n* [[Sharon Raginiano]] ... George Mandabon\n* [[Uri Klauzner]] ... 'Jellyfish' David\n* [[Ayelet Zurer]] ... Gila\n* [[Tamara Dayan]] ... Plump Sara\n* [[Yonatan Dani]] ... Yonatan\n* [[Baruch Sasson]] ... Baruch\n* [[Y.R. Morad]] ... Morad\n* [[Shlomi Saranga]] ... Yudakis\n* [[Zvi Marco]] ... Shlomo 'Pyramid'\n* [[Tzion Kedem]] ... Moshe\n* [[Na'ima Hansab]] ... Mrs. Lea\n* [[Micha Lankri]] ... 'Snoring' Fuad\n* [[David Batish]] ... Leon\n* [[Ra'anan Hefetz]] ... Nahum\n* [[Yehuda Avliav]]\n* [[David Mograbi]] ... Shabtai\n* [[Ya'akov Ronen Morad]]\n* [[Etti Rosenthal]]\n* [[Benny Toraty]] ... Binyamin\n* [[Yitzhak Toraty]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{he}} [http://www.filmfund.org.il/page.aspx?section=625&mode=movie&itemid=2135 ''Kikar Ha-Halomot''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225217/http://www.filmfund.org.il/page.aspx?section=625&mode=movie&itemid=2135 |date=2007-09-27 }} di Israeli Film Fund\n* {{imdb judul|id=0246730|judul=Kikar Ha-Halomot}}\n\n[[Kategori:Film drama]]\n[[Kategori:Film berbahasa Ibrani]]\n[[Kategori:Film Israel tahun 2001]]\n\n\n{{Israel-film-stub}}","hash":"d8de44d539d126bf8269194815f1fa40eb050d2a881b14804962bd1f488cee88","last_revision":"2022-11-25T12:40:31Z","first_revision":"2010-06-13T23:59:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.137783","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Kikar Ha-Halomot","cy":"Sgwâr Ydesperado","en":"Desperado Square","he":"כיכר החלומות"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot () adalah sebuah film drama asal Israel buatan tahun 2001. Film ini disutradarai dan ditulis oleh Benny Toraty. Film ini dimainkan oleh Joseph Shiloach, Yona Elian, Mohammed Bakri, Uri Gavriel, Nir Levy, Sharon Raginiano, dan masih banyak lagi.\n\nKonsep film ini telah menjadi pengaruh yang penting bagi film-film lainnya setelah itu. Pada tahun 2000, Kikar Ha-Halomot dinominasikan 7 kategori dalam Award of the Israeli Film Academy dan meraih penghargaan 5 kategori dalam Award of the Israeli Film Academy. Pada tahun 2001, Kikar Ha-Halomot juga meraih penghargaan Antigone Emas dalam Festival Film Mediterania Montpellier.\n\nJoseph Shiloach ... Yisrael Yona Elian ... Seniora Mandabon Mohammed Bakri ... Avram Mandabon Uri Gavriel ... Aron 'Gabardine' Nir Levy ... Nissim Mandabon Sharon Raginiano ... George Mandabon Uri Klauzner ... 'Jellyfish' David Ayelet Zurer ... Gila Tamara Dayan ... Plump Sara Yonatan Dani ... Yonatan Baruch Sasson ... Baruch Y.R. Morad ... Morad Shlomi Saranga ... Yudakis Zvi Marco ... Shlomo 'Pyramid' Tzion Kedem ... Moshe Na'ima Hansab ... Mrs. Lea Micha Lankri ... 'Snoring' Fuad David Batish ... Leon Ra'anan Hefetz ... Nahum Yehuda Avliav David Mograbi ... Shabtai Ya'akov Ronen Morad Etti Rosenthal Benny Toraty ... Binyamin Yitzhak Toraty\n\nKikar Ha-Halomot di Israeli Film Fund\n\nKategori:Film drama Kategori:Film berbahasa Ibrani Kategori:Film Israel tahun 2001\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Film\n|name = Kikar Ha-Halomot\n|image = Kikar Ha-Halomot.jpg\n|caption = \n|director = [[Benny Toraty]]\n|producer = [[Amir Harel]]<br />[[Haim Manor]]\n|writer = [[Benny Toraty]]\n|starring = [[Joseph Shiloach]]<br />[[Yona Elian]]<br />[[Mohammed Bakri]]<br />[[Uri Gavriel]]<br />[[Nir Levy]]<br />[[Sharon Raginiano]]<br />[[Uri Klauzner]]<br />[[Ayelet Zurer]]<br />[[Tamara Dayan]]<br />[[Yonatan Dani]]<br />[[Baruch Sasson]]<br />[[Y.R. Morad]]<br />[[Shlomi Saranga]]<br />[[Zvi Marco]]<br />[[Tzion Kedem]]<br />[[Na'ima Hansab]]<br />[[Micha Lankri]]<br />[[David Batish]]<br />[[Ra'anan Hefetz]]<br />[[Yehuda Avliav]]<br />[[David Mograbi]]<br />[[Ya'akov Ronen Morad]]<br />[[Etti Rosenthal]]<br />[[Benny Toraty]]<br />[[Yitzhak Toraty]]\n|music = [[Shem-Tov Levy]]\n|cinematography = [[Dror Moreh]]\n|editing = [[Yosef Grunfeld]]\n|studio = \n|distributor = {{negara|Israel}} [[Israeli Film Fund]]\n|released = [[10 Mei]] [[2001]]\n|runtime = 98 menit\n|country = {{negara|Israel}} [[Israel]]\n|awards = \n|language = [[Bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]]\n|budget = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot () adalah sebuah film drama asal Israel buatan tahun 2001.","translated_text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot () is a 2001 Israeli drama film.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Film ini disutradarai dan ditulis oleh Benny Toraty.","translated_text":"The film is directed and written by Benny Toraty.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Film ini dimainkan oleh Joseph Shiloach, Yona Elian, Mohammed Bakri, Uri Gavriel, Nir Levy, Sharon Raginiano, dan masih banyak lagi.","translated_text":"The film stars Joseph Shiloach, Yona Elian, Mohammed Bakri, Uri Gavriel, Nir Levy, Sharon Raginiano, and many others.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konsep film ini telah menjadi pengaruh yang penting bagi film-film lainnya setelah itu.","translated_text":"The concept of the film has been an important influence on other films since then.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2000, Kikar Ha-Halomot dinominasikan 7 kategori dalam Award of the Israeli Film Academy dan meraih penghargaan 5 kategori dalam Award of the Israeli Film Academy.","translated_text":"In 2000, Kikar Ha-Halomot was nominated for 7 categories in the Award of the Israeli Film Academy and won 5 categories in the Award of the Israeli Film Academy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2001, Kikar Ha-Halomot juga meraih penghargaan Antigone Emas dalam Festival Film Mediterania Montpellier.","translated_text":"In 2001, Kikar Ha-Halomot also won the Golden Antigone award at the Montpellier Mediterranean Film Festival.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemeran","translated_text":"Actors","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Joseph Shiloach ...","translated_text":"Joseph Shiloach...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yisrael Yona Elian ...","translated_text":"Yisrael Yona Elian is...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seniora Mandabon Mohammed Bakri ...","translated_text":"The artist Mandabon Mohammed Bakri...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Avram Mandabon Uri Gavriel ...","translated_text":"Avram Mandabon Uri Gavriel is going to...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aron 'Gabardine' Nir Levy ...","translated_text":"Aron \"Gabardine\" Nir Levy... is the only one who can do this.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nissim Mandabon Sharon Raginiano ...","translated_text":"Nissim Mandabon and Sharon Raginiano...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"George Mandabon Uri Klauzner ...","translated_text":"George Mandabon Uri Klauzner is the one...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"'Jellyfish' David Ayelet Zurer ...","translated_text":"\"Jellyfish\" by David Ayelet Zurer...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gila Tamara Dayan ...","translated_text":"Madness of Tamara Dayan...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Plump Sara Yonatan Dani ...","translated_text":"The plump Sara Jonathan Dani...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yonatan Baruch Sasson ...","translated_text":"Jonathan Baruch Sasson is...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Baruch Y.R. Morad ...","translated_text":"Baruch Y.R. Morad...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Morad Shlomi Saranga ...","translated_text":"The Morad Shlomi Saranga...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yudakis Zvi Marco ...","translated_text":"You know, Zvi Marco.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Shlomo 'Pyramid' Tzion Kedem ...","translated_text":"Shlomo the 'Pyramid' of the Golden Tzion...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Moshe Na'ima Hansab ...","translated_text":"Moshe Na'ima Hansab is...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mrs. Lea Micha Lankri ...","translated_text":"This is Mrs. Lea Micha Lankri...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"'Snoring' Fuad David Batish ...","translated_text":"'Snoring' Fuad David Batish...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leon Ra'anan Hefetz ...","translated_text":"Leon Ra'anan Hefetz...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nahum Yehuda Avliav David Mograbi ...","translated_text":"Nahum Yehuda Avliav and David Mograbi...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Shabtai Ya'akov Ronen Morad Etti Rosenthal Benny Toraty ...","translated_text":"Shabtai Ya'akov Ronen Morad Etti Rosenthal and Benny Toraty","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Binyamin Yitzhak Toraty","translated_text":"Binyamin Yitzhak Toraty","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot di Israeli Film Fund","translated_text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot at the Israeli Film Fund","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225217/http://www.filmfund.org.il/page.aspx?section=625&mode=movie&itemid=2135 |date=2007-09-27 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225217/http://www.filmfund.org.il/page.aspx?section=625&mode=movie&itemid=2135","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:39.149800-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Film drama Kategori:Film berbahasa Ibrani Kategori:Film Israel tahun 2001","translated_text":"Category:Film drama Category:Film in the Hebrew language Category:Film in Israel in 2001","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot di Israeli Film Fund","translated_text":"Kikar Ha-Halomot at the Israeli Film Fund","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225217/http://www.filmfund.org.il/page.aspx?section=625&mode=movie&itemid=2135 |date=2007-09-27 }}","char_index":17,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225217/http://www.filmfund.org.il/page.aspx?section=625&mode=movie&itemid=2135","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:39.149800-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kikar Ha'Halomot","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kikar Ha-Halomot]]","hash":"e913af08c4630c4d00ecacf0c6492ac8549ec53d150998afdc4946b79a70de5c","last_revision":"2010-06-14T00:00:10Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T00:00:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.192160","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kikar Ha-Halomot\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kikar Ha-Halomot","translated_text":"It's not like I don't know what to do.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Kikar Ha-Halomot.jpg","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description    = == Ringkasan ==\n{{dari|he}}\n== Jenis lisensi ==\n{{Poster}}\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|location       = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}","hash":"94604fb2a5ab59bf13bf39156f4a344b66f6edd55ff29a83d196882e32f5b8fa","last_revision":"2016-02-27T09:05:34Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T00:00:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.245977","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Keluarga Iskak","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Keluarga Indonesia|I]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Indonesia keturunan Belanda]]","hash":"7e22887aef9dc0324d06161bb17163262d00212be92d0316769e63db541fee4b","last_revision":"2024-02-14T11:41:30Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T00:05:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.299547","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"I Kategori:Tokoh Indonesia keturunan Belanda\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"I Kategori:Tokoh Indonesia keturunan Belanda","translated_text":"I Category:Indonesian characters of Dutch descent","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Portal:Jepang/Artikel Pilihan/24 2010","wikicode":"<div style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 7px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; background: transparent; border:1px solid #cccccc; float: right;\">[[Berkas:Kokusai-dori02ss3200.jpg|180px]]</div>\n\n{{Nihongo|'''Naha'''|那覇市|Naha-shi|extra=[[bahasa Okinawa]]: ''Nāfa''}} adalah ibu kota [[Prefektur Okinawa]], [[Jepang]]. Pada zaman modern, kota ini secara resmi dibentuk tanggal [[20 Mei]] [[1921]]. Sebelumnya, Naha selama berabad-abad telah menjadi kota terpenting dan kota berpenduduk terbanyak di [[Kepulauan Ryukyu]].\n\nKota Naha berada di pesisir barat bagian selatan [[Pulau Okinawa]] yang menghadap ke [[Laut Cina Timur]]. Meskipun demikian, Naha hanya memiliki sebuah pantai buatan (Pantai Nami no Ue) karena kawasan pantai digunakan untuk [[Bandar Udara Naha (Jepang)|Bandar Udara Naha]] dan [[Pelabuhan Naha]].\n\nNaha adalah pusat kegiatan ekonomi, pendidikan, dan pemerintahan [[Kepulauan Okinawa]]. Sepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, Naha adalah kota pusat perdagangan [[Kerajaan Ryukyu]].\n\nNaha merupakan tujuan wisata populer di Jepang. Di perbukitan bagian sebelah barat kota terdapat [[Istana Shuri]] yang merupakan sebuah ''[[gusuku]]'' (sebutan untuk istana-istana di Kepulauan Ryukyu). Di bagian utara kota yang dibangun kembali sebagai pusat kota Naha yang baru terdapat [[toko bebas bea]] DFS Galleria Okinawa yang luas.\n'''([[Naha|Selengkapnya...]])'''\n\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"></div>\n<div style=\"background-color:#F0FFF0; color:black; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding:0.5em; margin-top:1em;border-top:1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);\">\n<div style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; font-size: 90%; font-weight: bold;\" align=\"left\">\nArtikel pilihan sebelumnya:</div>\n[[Pertempuran Tulagi dan Gavutu-Tanambogo]] · [[Donald Keene]] · [[NAMC YS-11]] · [[Kapal segel merah]] · [[Junichiro Tanizaki]] ·\n[[Portal:Jepang/Artikel Pilihan|lainnya...]]\n</div><noinclude>\n[[Kategori:Templat Artikel Pilihan|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n</noinclude>","hash":"451eaa155eb441201263b57fd96ce9616a59c6e7de5942ca7fbef5af142cd8da","last_revision":"2018-01-05T02:46:06Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T00:44:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.366978","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"adalah ibu kota Prefektur Okinawa, Jepang. Pada zaman modern, kota ini secara resmi dibentuk tanggal 20 Mei 1921. Sebelumnya, Naha selama berabad-abad telah menjadi kota terpenting dan kota berpenduduk terbanyak di Kepulauan Ryukyu.\n\nKota Naha berada di pesisir barat bagian selatan Pulau Okinawa yang menghadap ke Laut Cina Timur. Meskipun demikian, Naha hanya memiliki sebuah pantai buatan (Pantai Nami no Ue) karena kawasan pantai digunakan untuk Bandar Udara Naha dan Pelabuhan Naha.\n\nNaha adalah pusat kegiatan ekonomi, pendidikan, dan pemerintahan Kepulauan Okinawa. Sepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, Naha adalah kota pusat perdagangan Kerajaan Ryukyu.\n\nNaha merupakan tujuan wisata populer di Jepang. Di perbukitan bagian sebelah barat kota terdapat Istana Shuri yang merupakan sebuah gusuku (sebutan untuk istana-istana di Kepulauan Ryukyu). Di bagian utara kota yang dibangun kembali sebagai pusat kota Naha yang baru terdapat toko bebas bea DFS Galleria Okinawa yang luas. (Selengkapnya...)\n\nArtikel pilihan sebelumnya:\n\nPertempuran Tulagi dan Gavutu-Tanambogo · Donald Keene · NAMC YS-11 · Kapal segel merah · Junichiro Tanizaki · lainnya...\n\n{{PAGENAME}}\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"adalah ibu kota Prefektur Okinawa, Jepang.","translated_text":"is the capital of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada zaman modern, kota ini secara resmi dibentuk tanggal 20 Mei 1921.","translated_text":"In modern times, the city was officially incorporated on May 20, 1921.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelumnya, Naha selama berabad-abad telah menjadi kota terpenting dan kota berpenduduk terbanyak di Kepulauan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"Previously, Naha had for centuries been the most important and most populous city on the Ryukyu Islands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota Naha berada di pesisir barat bagian selatan Pulau Okinawa yang menghadap ke Laut Cina Timur.","translated_text":"Naha City is located on the west coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island facing the East China Sea.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun demikian, Naha hanya memiliki sebuah pantai buatan (Pantai Nami no Ue) karena kawasan pantai digunakan untuk Bandar Udara Naha dan Pelabuhan Naha.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, Naha has only one artificial beach (Nami Beach no Ue) as the coastal area is used for Naha Airport and Naha Port.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Naha adalah pusat kegiatan ekonomi, pendidikan, dan pemerintahan Kepulauan Okinawa.","translated_text":"Naha is the center of economic activity, education, and government of the Okinawa Islands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sepanjang abad pertengahan dan awal zaman modern, Naha adalah kota pusat perdagangan Kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"Throughout the Middle Ages and early modern times, Naha was the commercial center of the Ryukyu Kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Naha merupakan tujuan wisata populer di Jepang.","translated_text":"Naha is a popular tourist destination in Japan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di perbukitan bagian sebelah barat kota terdapat Istana Shuri yang merupakan sebuah gusuku (sebutan untuk istana-istana di Kepulauan Ryukyu).","translated_text":"On the hills of the western part of the city is the Shuri Palace which is a gusuku (a reference to the palaces in the Ryukyu Islands).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di bagian utara kota yang dibangun kembali sebagai pusat kota Naha yang baru terdapat toko bebas bea DFS Galleria Okinawa yang luas.","translated_text":"In the northern part of the city that was rebuilt as Naha's new city center is the extensive duty-free DFS Galleria Okinawa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Selengkapnya...)","translated_text":"(Fullly...)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Artikel pilihan sebelumnya:","translated_text":"Previously on \"Game of Thrones\"","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pertempuran Tulagi dan Gavutu-Tanambogo · Donald Keene · NAMC YS-11 · Kapal segel merah · Junichiro Tanizaki · lainnya...","translated_text":"The Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu-Tanambogo · Donald Keene · NAMC YS-11 · Red Sea ships · Junichiro Tanizaki · other...","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{PAGENAME}}","translated_text":"What is it?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Jebres, Surakarta","wikicode":"{{Navigasi ID Desa\n|provinsi   = Jawa Tengah\n|dati2      = Kota\n|nama dati2 = Surakarta\n|kecamatan  = Jebres\n|k1  = Gandekan\n|k2  = Jagalan\n|k3  = Jebres\n|k4  = Kepatihan Kulon\n|k5  = Kepatihan Wetan\n|k6  = Mojosongo\n|k7  = Pucangsawit\n|k8  = Purwodiningratan\n|k9  = Sewu\n|k10 = Sudiroprajan\n|k11 = Tegalharjo\n}}<noinclude>\n{{RefDagri|2019}}\n{{Collapsible option}}\n[[Kategori:Templat desa/kelurahan di Kota Surakarta|Jebres]]\n[[Kategori:Jebres, Surakarta|τ]]</noinclude>","hash":"e3c7ddacc45894358742b9486f974d7c664340ecc4801ff5323ba77ed492063f","last_revision":"2020-12-09T12:32:23Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T00:57:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.428663","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Mal:Jebres, Surakarta"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Jebres τ\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jebres τ","translated_text":"Jebres τ","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Rubel Transnistria","wikicode":"{{Current related||Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022}}\n{{Infobox Currency\n| currency_name_in_local = рублэ транснистрянэ / rublă transnistreană <small>{{mo icon}}</small><br />приднестровский рубль <small>{{ru icon}}</small><br />придністровський рубль <small>{{uk icon}}</small>\n| image_1 = Transnistrian ruble notes.jpg\n| image_title_1 = Uang rubel Transnistria\n| iso_code = Tidak ada\n| using_countries = {{flagicon|Transnistria}} ''[[Transnistria]]''\n| mint = Tiraspol Mint (Тираспольский монетный двор)\n| inflation_rate = 1,21% <small>(Maret 2020)</small>\n| inflation_source_date = [http://www.cbpmr.net/kursval.php?lang=ru cbpmr.net]\n| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100\n| plural_subunit_1 = copeici ([[bahasa Moldova|Moldova]])\n| subunit_name_1 = kopek<br>копейка ([[bahasa Rusia|Rusia]])<br>copeică ([[bahasa Moldova|Moldova]])\n| plural = ruble ([[bahasa Moldova|Moldova]])\n| symbol = [[Berkas:Pridnestrovie ruble sign.svg|10px]] (biasanya руб/р, sesekali dengan ПМР setelahnya)\n| used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 kopek dan 1, 3, 5, 10 rubel\n| used_banknotes = 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 rubel\n| issuing_authority = [[Bank Republik Transnistria]]\n| issuing_authority_website = [http://www.cbpmr.net/ www.cbpmr.net]\n}}\n'''Rubel''' adalah mata uang resmi [[Transnistria]]. Mata uang ini terbagi menjadi 100 ''kopeck''. Karena [[Transnistria]] merupakan [[Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas|negara yang tidak diakui oleh negara-negara dunia]], sehingga mata uangnya tidak memiliki kode [[ISO 4217]]. Beberapa organisasi Transnistria seperti Agroprombank dan [[Gazprombank (Transnistria)|Gazprombank]] menggunakan kode '''PRB''' sebagai ISO 4217. Bank Republik Transnistria kadang-kadang menggunakan kode '''RUP'''.<ref>{{ru icon}} Trans-Dniester Republican Bank: [http://www.cbpmr.net/?kv=5]</ref>\n\nMata uang ini pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1994 sebagai mata uang resmi Transnistria yang tidak diakui.\n\n== Sejarah ==\n\n=== Rubel pertama (1994) ===\nUang kertas Soviet digunakan di Republik Pridnestrovia Moldavia setelah pembentukannya pada tahun 1990. Ketika [[Negara-negara bekas Uni Soviet|negara-negara bekas republik Soviet]] mulai menerbitkan mata uang mereka sendiri, Transnistria dibanjiri [[rubel Soviet]]. Dalam upaya untuk melindungi sistem keuangannya, pada Juli 1993, pemerintah Transnistria membeli uang kertas bekas rubel Soviet dan [[rubel Rusia]] yang dicetak Goznak tertanggal 1961-1992 yang dimodifikasi dengan menempelkan stempel bergambar Jenderal [[Aleksandr Suvorov|Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov]], pendiri Tiraspol dan anggotanya. denominasi yang sesuai. Uang kertas bermaterai ini menggantikan uang kertas Soviet dan Rusia yang tidak berstempel. Diperkirakan bahwa sebagian besar uang kertas yang tidak diedarkan dengan stiker ini dibuat setelah tahun 1994 khusus untuk kolektor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Банк Приднестровья|url=http://www.cbpmr.net/?id=33&lang=en|website=www.cbpmr.net|access-date=2022-01-15}}</ref>\n\n=== Rubel kedua (1994–2000) ===\nYang pertama, masalah sementara diganti pada Agustus 1994 oleh rubel Transnistria baru, sama dengan 1000 rubel lama. Mata uang ini hanya terdiri dari uang kertas dan mengalami [[inflasi]] yang tinggi, yang mengharuskan penerbitan uang kertas dicap dengan denominasi yang lebih tinggi. Meskipun diterbitkan pada tahun 1994, beberapa uang kertas (50 hingga 5.000 rubel) diterbitkan pada tahun 1993.\n\n=== Rubel ketiga (2000–sekarang) ===\nPada tahun 2000, rubel baru diperkenalkan dengan tarif 1 rubel baru = 1.000.000 rubel lama. Mata uang baru ini terdiri dari koin dan uang kertas.\n\n== Uang koin ==\nBerikut adalah uang koin rubel Transnistria:\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Pecahan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Warna Dominan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Diameter\n(mm)\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Massa\n(g)\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Komposisi\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Tahun pengeluaran\n|- style=\"font-weight:bold; text-align:center;\"\n!Bagian Depan\n!Bagian Belakang\n|-\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монета 1 коп аверc.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монеты 1 5 10 реверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|1 kopek\n| rowspan=\"3\" |Perak\n|15,9\n|0,62\n| rowspan=\"3\" |[[Aluminium]]\n|2000\n|-\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монета 5 коп аверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монеты 1 5 10 реверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|5 kopek\n|17,9\n|0,7\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2005\n|-\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монета 10 коп аверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монеты 1 5 10 реверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|10 kopek\n|20\n|1\n|-\n|[[Berkas:25 copeici RMN 2005 obverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:25 copeici RMN 2005 reverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|25 kopek\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Emas\n|17\n|2,1\n| rowspan=\"2\" |[[Perunggu]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:50 copeici RMN 2005 obverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:50 copeici RMN 2005 reverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|50 kopek\n|19\n|2,6\n|-\n|[[Berkas:2014-1-Rubel-Prednistrojen-Kursmuenze-Avers.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:2014-1-Rubel-Prednistrojen-Kursmuenze-Revers.jpg|105x105px]]\n|1 rubel\n|Cokelat\n|26\n|0,85\n| rowspan=\"4\" |[[Material komposit]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2014\n|-\n|[[Berkas:3 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik vor.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:3 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik hin.jpg|105x105px]]\n|3 rubel\n|Hijau\n|31\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik vor.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:5 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik hin.jpg|105x105px]]\n|5 rubel\n|Biru\n|28,6\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik vor.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:10 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik hin.jpg|105x105px]]\n|10 rubel\n|Merah\n|28\n|0,9\n|}\n\n== Uang kertas ==\nBerikut adalah uang kertas rubel Transnistria:\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Pecahan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Warna Dominan\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Tahun Pengeluaran\n|- style=\"font-weight:bold; text-align:center;\"\n!Bagian Depan\n!Bagian Belakang\n!Depan\n!Belakang\n|-\n|[[Berkas:1 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:1 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|1 rubel\n|Cokelat\n| rowspan=\"4\" |[[Aleksandr Suvorov]]\n|Monumen Chiţcani\n| rowspan=\"6\" |2007\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:5 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|5 rubel\n|Biru\n|Pabrik [[brendi]] KVINT\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:10 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|10 rubel\n|Hijau, hitam\n|Biara Novo-Nyametsky\n|-\n|[[Berkas:25 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:25 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|25 rubel\n|Merah\n|Kastel [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:50 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:50 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|50 rubel\n|Sian\n|[[Taras Shevchenko]]\n|Istana kepresidenan / gedung pemerintahan di [[Tiraspol]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:100 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:100 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|100 rubel\n|Ungu\n|[[Dimitrie Cantemir]]\n|Gereja Kelahiran, [[Tiraspol]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:200 PMR 2004 ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:200 PMR 2004 ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|200 rubel\n|Cokelat tua\n|[[Pyotr Rumyantsev]]\n|[[Pertempuran Gross-Jägersdorf]], 21 Juli 1757\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2004\n|-\n|[[Berkas:500 PMR 2004 ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:500 PMR 2004 ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|500 rubel\n|Hijau kusam\n|[[Yekaterina II dari Rusia|Yekaterina II]]\n|Dekret penciptaan [[Tiraspol]] oleh [[Yekaterina II dari Rusia|Yekaterina II]], dan rancangan benteng\n|}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Ekonomi Transnistria]]\n* [[Daftar mata uang di Eropa]]\n* [[Daftar mata uang yang beredar]]\n* [[Rubel]]\n\n== Catatan kaki ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n \n* [http://www.pridnestrovie.net/money.html Pridnestrovie's own currency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110164302/http://www.pridnestrovie.net/money.html |date=2009-01-10 }}\n* [http://www.cbpmr.net/?lang=en Central Bank of PMR (official website)]\n\n[[Kategori:Ekonomi Transnistria]]\n[[Kategori:Mata uang Eropa]]\n[[Kategori:Transnistria]]\n\n\n{{ekonomi-stub}}","hash":"cc1eb3d5b7dc7e50937b16c5ac6093b6e14933967a2f7c70f4feada5b4a8b2d0","last_revision":"2022-12-26T05:15:09Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:13:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.487896","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"روبل ترانسنيستري","arz":"روبل ترانسنيسترى","az":"Dnestryanı rublu","ba":"Днестр буйы һумы","be":"Прыднястроўскі рубель","be-x-old":"Прыднястроўскі рубель","bg":"Приднестровска рубла","ca":"Ruble de Transnístria","cs":"Podněsterský rubl","de":"Transnistrischer Rubel","el":"Ρούβλι Υπερδνειστερίας","en":"Transnistrian ruble","eo":"Ĉednestria rublo","es":"Rublo transnistrio","fa":"روبل ترانسنیسترین","fi":"Transnistrian rupla","fr":"Rouble de Transnistrie","gl":"Rublo de Transnistria","he":"רובל טרנסדנייסטרי","hr":"Pridnjestrovski rubalj","hu":"Dnyeszter menti rubel","it":"Rublo transnistriano","ja":"沿ドニエストル・ルーブル","ko":"트란스니스트리아 루블","kv":"Днестрдорса шайт","lt":"Padniestrės rublis","lv":"Piedņestras rublis","mk":"Приднестровска рубља","nl":"Transnistrische roebel","nb":"Transnistrisk rubel","os":"Днестргæроны сом","pa":"ਟਰਾਂਸਨਿਸਤੀਰੀਆਈ ਰੂਬਲ","pl":"Rubel naddniestrzański","pt":"Rublo transnístrio","ro":"Rublă transnistreană","ru":"Приднестровский рубль","sah":"Приднестровье солкуобайа","sh":"Pridnjestrovska rublja","sk":"Podnesterský rubeľ","sr":"Придњестровска рубља","sv":"Transnistrisk rubel","tr":"Transdinyester rublesi","uk":"Придністровський рубль","yo":"Ruble Transnistria","zh":"德涅斯特河沿岸盧布","zh-min-nan":"Transnistria ruble","zh-yue":"德涅斯特河沿岸盧布"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Rubel adalah mata uang resmi Transnistria. Mata uang ini terbagi menjadi 100 kopeck. Karena Transnistria merupakan negara yang tidak diakui oleh negara-negara dunia, sehingga mata uangnya tidak memiliki kode ISO 4217. Beberapa organisasi Transnistria seperti Agroprombank dan Gazprombank menggunakan kode PRB sebagai ISO 4217. Bank Republik Transnistria kadang-kadang menggunakan kode RUP.\n\nMata uang ini pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1994 sebagai mata uang resmi Transnistria yang tidak diakui.\n\nUang kertas Soviet digunakan di Republik Pridnestrovia Moldavia setelah pembentukannya pada tahun 1990. Ketika negara-negara bekas republik Soviet mulai menerbitkan mata uang mereka sendiri, Transnistria dibanjiri rubel Soviet. Dalam upaya untuk melindungi sistem keuangannya, pada Juli 1993, pemerintah Transnistria membeli uang kertas bekas rubel Soviet dan rubel Rusia yang dicetak Goznak tertanggal 1961-1992 yang dimodifikasi dengan menempelkan stempel bergambar Jenderal Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, pendiri Tiraspol dan anggotanya. denominasi yang sesuai. Uang kertas bermaterai ini menggantikan uang kertas Soviet dan Rusia yang tidak berstempel. Diperkirakan bahwa sebagian besar uang kertas yang tidak diedarkan dengan stiker ini dibuat setelah tahun 1994 khusus untuk kolektor.\n\nYang pertama, masalah sementara diganti pada Agustus 1994 oleh rubel Transnistria baru, sama dengan 1000 rubel lama. Mata uang ini hanya terdiri dari uang kertas dan mengalami inflasi yang tinggi, yang mengharuskan penerbitan uang kertas dicap dengan denominasi yang lebih tinggi. Meskipun diterbitkan pada tahun 1994, beberapa uang kertas (50 hingga 5.000 rubel) diterbitkan pada tahun 1993.\n\nPada tahun 2000, rubel baru diperkenalkan dengan tarif 1 rubel baru = 1.000.000 rubel lama. Mata uang baru ini terdiri dari koin dan uang kertas.\n\nBerikut adalah uang koin rubel Transnistria:\n\nBerikut adalah uang kertas rubel Transnistria:\n\nEkonomi Transnistria Daftar mata uang di Eropa Daftar mata uang yang beredar Rubel\n\nPridnestrovie's own currency Central Bank of PMR (official website)\n\nKategori:Ekonomi Transnistria Kategori:Mata uang Eropa Kategori:Transnistria\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Currency\n| currency_name_in_local = рублэ транснистрянэ / rublă transnistreană <small>{{mo icon}}</small><br />приднестровский рубль <small>{{ru icon}}</small><br />придністровський рубль <small>{{uk icon}}</small>\n| image_1 = Transnistrian ruble notes.jpg\n| image_title_1 = Uang rubel Transnistria\n| iso_code = Tidak ada\n| using_countries = {{flagicon|Transnistria}} ''[[Transnistria]]''\n| mint = Tiraspol Mint (Тираспольский монетный двор)\n| inflation_rate = 1,21% <small>(Maret 2020)</small>\n| inflation_source_date = [http://www.cbpmr.net/kursval.php?lang=ru cbpmr.net]\n| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100\n| plural_subunit_1 = copeici ([[bahasa Moldova|Moldova]])\n| subunit_name_1 = kopek<br>копейка ([[bahasa Rusia|Rusia]])<br>copeică ([[bahasa Moldova|Moldova]])\n| plural = ruble ([[bahasa Moldova|Moldova]])\n| symbol = [[Berkas:Pridnestrovie ruble sign.svg|10px]] (biasanya руб/р, sesekali dengan ПМР setelahnya)\n| used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 kopek dan 1, 3, 5, 10 rubel\n| used_banknotes = 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 rubel\n| issuing_authority = [[Bank Republik Transnistria]]\n| issuing_authority_website = [http://www.cbpmr.net/ www.cbpmr.net]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rubel adalah mata uang resmi Transnistria.","translated_text":"The ruble is the official currency of Transnistria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mata uang ini terbagi menjadi 100 kopeck.","translated_text":"This coin is divided into 100 kopecks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena Transnistria merupakan negara yang tidak diakui oleh negara-negara dunia, sehingga mata uangnya tidak memiliki kode ISO 4217.","translated_text":"Because Transnistria is a country that is not recognized by the countries of the world, its currency does not have the ISO 4217 code.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa organisasi Transnistria seperti Agroprombank dan Gazprombank menggunakan kode PRB sebagai ISO 4217.","translated_text":"Some Transnistrian organizations such as Agroprombank and Gazprombank use the PRB code as ISO 4217.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bank Republik Transnistria kadang-kadang menggunakan kode RUP.","translated_text":"The Bank of the Transnistrian Republic sometimes uses the RUP code.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{ru icon}} Trans-Dniester Republican Bank: [http://www.cbpmr.net/?kv=5]</ref>","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cbpmr.net/?kv=5]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41978,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:39.219844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mata uang ini pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1994 sebagai mata uang resmi Transnistria yang tidak diakui.","translated_text":"It was first introduced in 1994 as the unrecognized official currency of Transnistria.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rubel pertama (1994)","translated_text":"The first ruble (1994)","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Uang kertas Soviet digunakan di Republik Pridnestrovia Moldavia setelah pembentukannya pada tahun 1990.","translated_text":"Soviet banknotes were used in the Pridnestrovia Moldavian Republic after its formation in 1990.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika negara-negara bekas republik Soviet mulai menerbitkan mata uang mereka sendiri, Transnistria dibanjiri rubel Soviet.","translated_text":"When the countries of the former Soviet republics began issuing their own currency, Transnistria was flooded with Soviet rubles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam upaya untuk melindungi sistem keuangannya, pada Juli 1993, pemerintah Transnistria membeli uang kertas bekas rubel Soviet dan rubel Rusia yang dicetak Goznak tertanggal 1961-1992 yang dimodifikasi dengan menempelkan stempel bergambar Jenderal Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, pendiri Tiraspol dan anggotanya. denominasi yang sesuai.","translated_text":"In an attempt to protect its financial system, in July 1993, the Transnistrian government purchased former Soviet ruble and Russian ruble notes printed in Goznak dated 1961-1992 which were modified by affixing a stamp depicting General Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, the founder of Tiraspol and its members of the corresponding denomination.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uang kertas bermaterai ini menggantikan uang kertas Soviet dan Rusia yang tidak berstempel.","translated_text":"These stamped notes replaced unstamped Soviet and Russian notes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diperkirakan bahwa sebagian besar uang kertas yang tidak diedarkan dengan stiker ini dibuat setelah tahun 1994 khusus untuk kolektor.","translated_text":"It is estimated that most of the unissued banknotes with these stickers were made after 1994 specifically for collectors.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Банк Приднестровья|url=http://www.cbpmr.net/?id=33&lang=en|website=www.cbpmr.net|access-date=2022-01-15}}</ref>","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cbpmr.net/?id=33&lang=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":33769,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:39.761829-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (56 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rubel kedua (1994–2000)","translated_text":"The second ruble (1994 ⁇ 2000)","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yang pertama, masalah sementara diganti pada Agustus 1994 oleh rubel Transnistria baru, sama dengan 1000 rubel lama.","translated_text":"First, the temporary issue was replaced in August 1994 by the new Transnistrian ruble, equivalent to 1000 old rubles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mata uang ini hanya terdiri dari uang kertas dan mengalami inflasi yang tinggi, yang mengharuskan penerbitan uang kertas dicap dengan denominasi yang lebih tinggi.","translated_text":"These currencies consist only of banknotes and undergo high inflation, requiring the issuance of banknotes stamped with higher denominations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun diterbitkan pada tahun 1994, beberapa uang kertas (50 hingga 5.000 rubel) diterbitkan pada tahun 1993.","translated_text":"Although issued in 1994, some banknotes (50 to 5,000 rubles) were issued in 1993.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rubel ketiga (2000–sekarang)","translated_text":"The third ruble (2000 ⁇ now)","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2000, rubel baru diperkenalkan dengan tarif 1 rubel baru = 1.000.000 rubel lama.","translated_text":"In 2000, a new ruble was introduced at the rate of 1 new ruble = 1,000,000 old rubles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mata uang baru ini terdiri dari koin dan uang kertas.","translated_text":"This new currency consists of coins and banknotes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Uang koin","translated_text":"Coins","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah uang koin rubel Transnistria:","translated_text":"Here is the Transnistrian ruble coin:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Pecahan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Warna Dominan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Diameter\n(mm)\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Massa\n(g)\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Komposisi\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Tahun pengeluaran\n|- style=\"font-weight:bold; text-align:center;\"\n!Bagian Depan\n!Bagian Belakang\n|-\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монета 1 коп аверc.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монеты 1 5 10 реверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|1 kopek\n| rowspan=\"3\" |Perak\n|15,9\n|0,62\n| rowspan=\"3\" |[[Aluminium]]\n|2000\n|-\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монета 5 коп аверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монеты 1 5 10 реверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|5 kopek\n|17,9\n|0,7\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2005\n|-\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монета 10 коп аверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:ПМР Монеты 1 5 10 реверс.jpg|105x105px]]\n|10 kopek\n|20\n|1\n|-\n|[[Berkas:25 copeici RMN 2005 obverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:25 copeici RMN 2005 reverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|25 kopek\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Emas\n|17\n|2,1\n| rowspan=\"2\" |[[Perunggu]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:50 copeici RMN 2005 obverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:50 copeici RMN 2005 reverse.jpg|105x105px]]\n|50 kopek\n|19\n|2,6\n|-\n|[[Berkas:2014-1-Rubel-Prednistrojen-Kursmuenze-Avers.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:2014-1-Rubel-Prednistrojen-Kursmuenze-Revers.jpg|105x105px]]\n|1 rubel\n|Cokelat\n|26\n|0,85\n| rowspan=\"4\" |[[Material komposit]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2014\n|-\n|[[Berkas:3 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik vor.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:3 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik hin.jpg|105x105px]]\n|3 rubel\n|Hijau\n|31\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik vor.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:5 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik hin.jpg|105x105px]]\n|5 rubel\n|Biru\n|28,6\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik vor.jpg|105x105px]]\n|[[Berkas:10 Transnistrischer Rubel plastik hin.jpg|105x105px]]\n|10 rubel\n|Merah\n|28\n|0,9\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Uang kertas","translated_text":"Paper money","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah uang kertas rubel Transnistria:","translated_text":"Here are the Transnistrian ruble notes:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Pecahan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Warna Dominan\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Tahun Pengeluaran\n|- style=\"font-weight:bold; text-align:center;\"\n!Bagian Depan\n!Bagian Belakang\n!Depan\n!Belakang\n|-\n|[[Berkas:1 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:1 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|1 rubel\n|Cokelat\n| rowspan=\"4\" |[[Aleksandr Suvorov]]\n|Monumen Chiţcani\n| rowspan=\"6\" |2007\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:5 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|5 rubel\n|Biru\n|Pabrik [[brendi]] KVINT\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:10 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|10 rubel\n|Hijau, hitam\n|Biara Novo-Nyametsky\n|-\n|[[Berkas:25 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:25 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|25 rubel\n|Merah\n|Kastel [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:50 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:50 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|50 rubel\n|Sian\n|[[Taras Shevchenko]]\n|Istana kepresidenan / gedung pemerintahan di [[Tiraspol]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:100 PMR ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:100 PMR ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|100 rubel\n|Ungu\n|[[Dimitrie Cantemir]]\n|Gereja Kelahiran, [[Tiraspol]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:200 PMR 2004 ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:200 PMR 2004 ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|200 rubel\n|Cokelat tua\n|[[Pyotr Rumyantsev]]\n|[[Pertempuran Gross-Jägersdorf]], 21 Juli 1757\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2004\n|-\n|[[Berkas:500 PMR 2004 ruble obverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:500 PMR 2004 ruble reverse.jpg|160x160px]]\n|500 rubel\n|Hijau kusam\n|[[Yekaterina II dari Rusia|Yekaterina II]]\n|Dekret penciptaan [[Tiraspol]] oleh [[Yekaterina II dari Rusia|Yekaterina II]], dan rancangan benteng\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ekonomi Transnistria Daftar mata uang di Eropa Daftar mata uang yang beredar Rubel","translated_text":"Transnistrian economy List of currencies in Europe List of currencies in circulation Ruble","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pridnestrovie's own currency Central Bank of PMR (official website)","translated_text":"Pridnestrovie's own currency Central Bank of PMR (official website)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110164302/http://www.pridnestrovie.net/money.html |date=2009-01-10 }}","char_index":29,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090110164302/http://www.pridnestrovie.net/money.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.182962-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Ekonomi Transnistria Kategori:Mata uang Eropa Kategori:Transnistria","translated_text":"Category:Economy of Transnistria Category:European currency Category:Transnistria","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Karena Transnistria merupakan negara yang tidak diakui oleh negara-negara dunia, sehingga mata uangnya tidak memiliki kode ISO 4217. Beberapa organisasi Transnistria seperti Agroprombank dan Gazprombank menggunakan kode PRB sebagai ISO 4217. Bank Republik Transnistria kadang-kadang menggunakan kode RUP.","translated_text":"Because Transnistria is a country that is not recognized by the countries of the world, its currency does not have the ISO 4217 code. Some Transnistrian organizations such as Agroprombank and Gazprombank use the PRB code as ISO 4217. The Bank of the Transnistrian Republic sometimes uses the RUP code.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{ru icon}} Trans-Dniester Republican Bank: [http://www.cbpmr.net/?kv=5]</ref>","char_index":304,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cbpmr.net/?kv=5]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41978,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:39.219844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam upaya untuk melindungi sistem keuangannya, pada Juli 1993, pemerintah Transnistria membeli uang kertas bekas rubel Soviet dan rubel Rusia yang dicetak Goznak tertanggal 1961-1992 yang dimodifikasi dengan menempelkan stempel bergambar Jenderal Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, pendiri Tiraspol dan anggotanya. denominasi yang sesuai. Uang kertas bermaterai ini menggantikan uang kertas Soviet dan Rusia yang tidak berstempel. Diperkirakan bahwa sebagian besar uang kertas yang tidak diedarkan dengan stiker ini dibuat setelah tahun 1994 khusus untuk kolektor.","translated_text":"In an attempt to protect its financial system, in July 1993, the Transnistrian government purchased former Soviet ruble and Russian ruble notes printed in Goznak dated 1961-1992 which were modified by affixing a stamp depicting General Aleksandr Vasilyevich Suvorov, the founder of Tiraspol and its members of the corresponding denomination. These stamped notes replaced unstamped Soviet and Russian notes. It is estimated that most of the unissued banknotes with these stickers were made after 1994 specifically for collectors.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Банк Приднестровья|url=http://www.cbpmr.net/?id=33&lang=en|website=www.cbpmr.net|access-date=2022-01-15}}</ref>","char_index":562,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cbpmr.net/?id=33&lang=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":33769,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:39.761829-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (56 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pridnestrovie's own currency Central Bank of PMR (official website)","translated_text":"Pridnestrovie's own currency Central Bank of PMR (official website)","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110164302/http://www.pridnestrovie.net/money.html |date=2009-01-10 }}","char_index":29,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090110164302/http://www.pridnestrovie.net/money.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.182962-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Ruble Transnistria","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Rubel Transnistria]]","hash":"fd7cb46d7a05aaa920bcffba4f72c54220ae45e3def46ecb894b53d5cae877f2","last_revision":"2010-06-14T01:14:14Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:14:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.540728","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Rubel Transnistria\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Rubel Transnistria","translated_text":"The Ruble of Transnistria","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Mo icon","wikicode":"{{languageicon|mo|Moldova}}<noinclude>\n[[Kategori:Templat ikon bahasa|mo]]\n</noinclude>","hash":"8396bd9822e87b9ba6a9e2c92565f9ed3d83ce92ba0438926ab6ac0169e4457e","last_revision":"2016-03-09T18:38:20Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:15:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.602103","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Sjabloon:Mo","ar":"قالب:أيقونة مولدوفية","ba":"Ҡалып:Ref-md","be":"Шаблон:Ref-md","br":"Patrom:Mo","cs":"Šablona:Mo","cv":"Шаблон:Ref-mo","fa":"الگو:Mo icon","fi":"Malline:Mo","fr":"Modèle:Ro-md","gv":"Clowan:Mo jalloo","hu":"Sablon:Mo","hy":"Կաղապար:Ref-md","it":"Template:Mo","ja":"Template:Mo icon","mk":"Предлошка:Mo","ml":"ഫലകം:Mo icon","nl":"Sjabloon:Taal-mo","pa":"ਫਰਮਾ:Mo icon","ru":"Шаблон:Ref-mo","rue":"Шаблона:Ref-mo","sah":"Халыып:Ref-mo","sco":"Template:Mo icon","ta":"வார்ப்புரு:Mo icon","th":"แม่แบบ:Mo icon","vec":"Modeło:Mo","vi":"Bản mẫu:Mo icon","zh":"Template:Mo icon"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"mo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"mo","translated_text":"Mo.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Saptadjie","wikicode":"'''Saptadjie''' adalah seorang lini produser, asisten sutradara, dan sutradara pria yang berkarya seringnya di bawah bendera rumah produksi [[Maxima Pictures]]. Rumah Produksi itulah yang setelah filmnya dilini produseri oleh Saptadjie, Saptadjie dipercayai untuk menyutradarai film ''[[Tulalit (film)|Tulalit]]''.<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3120348/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maximapictures.com/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2016-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\n== Filmografi ==\n\n* ''[[Hantu Jeruk Purut]]'' (2006) - Produser Lini\n* ''[[Malam Jumat Kliwon (film 2007)|Malam Jumat Kliwon]]'' (2007) - Produser Lini\n* ''[[Lewat Tengah Malam]]'' (2007) - Produser Lini\n* ''[[The Butterfly (film 2007)|The Butterfly]]'' (2007) - Produser Lini\n* ''[[Tulalit (film)|Tulalit]]'' (2008) - Sutradara\n* ''[[Setan Budeg]]'' (2009) - Co-Sutradara\n* ''[[Susuk Pocong]]'' (2009) - Sutradara\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3120348/ profil IMDb]\n\n[[Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia]]\n\n\n{{negara-bio-stub|Indonesia}}","hash":"fc8f6e3a2acef63776bac3a2c63debbc04191616720d8ada1e7cecd744a2120b","last_revision":"2023-08-27T07:15:31Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:15:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.665434","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Saptadjie adalah seorang lini produser, asisten sutradara, dan sutradara pria yang berkarya seringnya di bawah bendera rumah produksi Maxima Pictures. Rumah Produksi itulah yang setelah filmnya dilini produseri oleh Saptadjie, Saptadjie dipercayai untuk menyutradarai film Tulalit.\n\nHantu Jeruk Purut (2006) - Produser Lini Malam Jumat Kliwon (2007) - Produser Lini Lewat Tengah Malam (2007) - Produser Lini The Butterfly (2007) - Produser Lini Tulalit (2008) - Sutradara Setan Budeg (2009) - Co-Sutradara Susuk Pocong (2009) - Sutradara\n\nprofil IMDb\n\nKategori:Sutradara Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Saptadjie adalah seorang lini produser, asisten sutradara, dan sutradara pria yang berkarya seringnya di bawah bendera rumah produksi Maxima Pictures.","translated_text":"Saptadjie was a line producer, assistant director, and male director who worked frequently under the banner of Maxima Pictures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rumah Produksi itulah yang setelah filmnya dilini produseri oleh Saptadjie, Saptadjie dipercayai untuk menyutradarai film Tulalit.","translated_text":"It was the production house that after the film was produced by Saptadjie, Saptadjie was entrusted to direct Tulalit.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3120348/</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3120348/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.253220-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maximapictures.com/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2016-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"http://www.maximapictures.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":338,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.309088-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (17 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maximapictures.com/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2016-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.937378-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hantu Jeruk Purut (2006) - Produser Lini Malam Jumat Kliwon (2007) - Produser Lini Lewat Tengah Malam (2007) - Produser Lini The Butterfly (2007) - Produser Lini Tulalit (2008) - Sutradara Setan Budeg (2009) - Co-Sutradara Susuk Pocong (2009) - Sutradara","translated_text":"Hantu Orang Purut (2006) - Producer of Friday Night Lini Kliwon (2007) - Producer of Lini Lewat Midnight (2007) - Producer of Lini The Butterfly (2007) - Producer of Lini Tulalit (2008) - Director of Setan Budeg (2009) - Co-director of Susuk Pocong (2009) - Director","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"profil IMDb","translated_text":"profile of the IMDb","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian director","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Saptadjie adalah seorang lini produser, asisten sutradara, dan sutradara pria yang berkarya seringnya di bawah bendera rumah produksi Maxima Pictures. Rumah Produksi itulah yang setelah filmnya dilini produseri oleh Saptadjie, Saptadjie dipercayai untuk menyutradarai film Tulalit.","translated_text":"Saptadjie was a line producer, assistant director, and male director who worked frequently under the banner of Maxima Pictures. It was the production house that after the film was produced by Saptadjie, Saptadjie was entrusted to direct Tulalit.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3120348/</ref>","char_index":281,"name":null,"url":"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3120348/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.253220-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maximapictures.com/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2016-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":281,"name":null,"url":"http://www.maximapictures.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":338,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.309088-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (17 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maximapictures.com/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2016-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":281,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161130065120/http://www.maximapictures.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.937378-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Leu Moldova","wikicode":"{{Infobox Currency\n| currency_name_in_local = leu moldovenesc <small>{{mo icon}} {{ro icon}}</small>\n| image_1 = Moldawischer-Leu-01.jpg\n| image_title_1 = 1 Leu\n| iso_code = MDL\n| iso_number = 498\n| using_countries = {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] (kecuali {{flagicon|Transnistria}} [[Transnistria]])\n| inflation_rate = 2,97% <small>(2021)</small>\n| inflation_source_date = [https://www.statista.com/statistics/513343/inflation-rate-in-moldova/ Statista]\n| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100\n| subunit_name_1 = ban\n| plural = lei\n| plural_subunit_1 = bani\n| frequently_used_coins = 5, 10, 25, 50 bani, 1 leu, 2, 5, 10 lei\n| rarely_used_coins = 1 ban\n| used_banknotes = 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 lei\n| issuing_authority = [[Bank Nasional Moldova]]\n| issuing_authority_website = www.bnm.md\n}}\n'''Leu''' (kode [[ISO 4217]] MDL) adalah mata uang negara [[Moldova]]. Seperti [[leu Rumania]], mata uang ini terbagi menjadi 100 ''bani''.\n\nMata uang ini diperkenalkan pada 29 November 1993 setelah runtuhnya [[Uni Soviet]] dan berdirinya Moldova. Di republik separatis [[Transnistria]] (bagian dari Moldova), [[rubel Transnistria]] merupakan mata uang yang berlaku.\n\n== Etimologi ==\nNama mata uang ''leu'' berarti \"singa\", dan berasal dari mata uang Belanda kuno [[thaler]] (''leeuwendaalder'' \"thaler singa/dolar\").<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banca Naţională a României - Euro Exhibition - Opening Speech by Mugur Isărescu, NBR Governor|url=https://bnr.ro/Euro-Exhibition---Opening-Speech-by-Mugur-Isarescu,-NBR-Governor--6613.aspx|website=bnr.ro|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Banca Naţională a României|url=https://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=7877|website=bnr.ro|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RON {{!}} Romanian New Leu {{!}} OANDA|url=https://www1.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/RON|website=www1.oanda.com|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> ''Leeuwendaalder'' Belanda ditiru di beberapa kota di Jerman dan Italia. Koin-koin ini beredar di Moldova, Rumania dan Bulgaria dan mereka memberi nama pada mata uangnya masing-masing ''leu Moldova'', ''[[leu Rumania]]'', dan ''[[lev Bulgaria]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=leu {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of leu by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/leu|website=www.etymonline.com|language=en|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>\n\n== Sejarah ==\nAntara tahun 1918 dan 1940 dan lagi antara tahun 1941 dan 1944, ketika Moldova masih bagian dari Rumania, [[leu Rumania]] digunakan di tempat yang saat itu merupakan bagian timur wilayah Rumania yang lebih luas di [[Moldavia]] (''Moldova'' dalam bahasa Rumania). Leu Moldova didirikan pada 29 November 1993, setelah [[Pembubaran Uni Soviet|runtuhnya Uni Soviet]] dan berdirinya [[Moldova|Republik Moldova]] yang merdeka. Ini menggantikan mata uang cupon sementara pada nilai 1 leu = 1000 cupon.\n\nDi [[Transnistria]], [[Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas|negara bagian]] [[Pemisahan diri|yang memisahkan diri]], yang diakui secara internasional sebagai bagian dari Moldova, [[rubel Transnistria]] digunakan sebagai gantinya. Mata uang itu tidak digunakan oleh Moldova atau negara bagian lainnya.\n\n== Uang koin ==\nBerikut adalah uang koin leu Moldova:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monede în circulație {{!}} Banca Națională a Moldovei|url=https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede|website=www.bnm.md|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Monede în circulație {{!}} Banca Națională a Moldovei|url=https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede|website=www.bnm.md|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n!Gambar\n!Pecahan\n!Warna Dominan\n!Diameter\n(mm)\n!Massa\n(g)\n!Komposisi\n!Tahun pengeluaran\n|-\n|[[Berkas:1ban-md.png|204x204px]]\n|1 ban\n| rowspan=\"4\" |Perak\n|14,5\n|0,67\n| rowspan=\"4\" |[[Aluminium]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" |1993\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|5 bani\n|16\n|0,75\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|10 bani\n|16,6\n|0,85\n|-\n|[[Berkas:25bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|25 bani\n|17,5\n|0,95\n|-\n|[[Berkas:50bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|50 bani\n|Emas\n|19\n|3,1\n|[[Baja]] berlapis [[Kuningan (logam)|kuningan]]\n|2008\n|-\n|[[Berkas:1 LEU COIN NEW.png|204x204px]]\n|1 leu\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Perak\n|21,5\n|4,45\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Baja berlapis [[nikel]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2018\n|-\n|[[Berkas:2 LEI COIN 2018.png|204x204px]]\n|2 lei\n|23,7\n|6,7\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5 LEI COIN 2018.png|204x204px]]\n|5 lei\n|Perak, emas\n|24,4\n|7,1\n|Pusat: Baja berlapis nikel\n\nCincin: Baja berlapis kuningan\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10 LEI COIN 2018.png|204x204px]]\n|10 lei\n|Emas, perak\n|25,3\n|7,65\n|Pusat: Baja berlapis kuningan\n\nCincin: Baja berlapis nikel\n|}\n\n== Uang kertas ==\nBerikut adalah uang kertas leu Moldova (seri ke-2):\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Pecahan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Warna Dominan\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Tahun Pengeluaran\n|- style=\"font-weight:bold; text-align:center;\"\n!Bagian Depan\n!Bagian Belakang\n!Depan\n!Belakang\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 1 leu av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 1 leu rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|1 leu\n|Kuning\n| rowspan=\"9\" |[[Stefan III dari Moldavia|Ştefan III dari Moldavia]]\n|Biara Căpriana\n| rowspan=\"3\" |1994\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 5 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 5 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|5 lei\n|Sian\n|Gereja Santo Dumitru, Orhei\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 10 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 10 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|10 lei\n|Merah\n|Biara Hârjauca\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 20 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 20 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|20 lei\n|Hijau\n|Benteng Soroca\n| rowspan=\"6\" |1992\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 50 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 50 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|50 lei\n|Pink\n|Biara Hârbovăț\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 100 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 100 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|100 lei\n|Oranye\n|Benteng Tighina\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 200 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 200 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|200 lei\n|Ungu\n|Balai kota [[Chișinău]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 500 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 500 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|500 lei\n|Oranye dan biru\n|Katedral [[Chișinău]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 1000 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 1000 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|1.000 lei\n|Biru\n|Istana Kepresidenan\n|}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Ekonomi Moldova]]\n* [[Daftar mata uang di Eropa]]\n* [[Daftar mata uang yang beredar]]\n\n== Catatan kaki ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{ekonomi-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Ekonomi Moldova]]\n[[Kategori:Mata uang Eropa]]","hash":"a7522d9648f06a1675bc8446aae459f298b1fcfbcfd6e9da3cf99cbfd2ea3f39","last_revision":"2022-01-05T05:17:42Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:20:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.738153","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ليو مولدوفي","arz":"ليو مولدوفى","az":"Moldova leyi","be":"Малдаўскі лей","be-x-old":"Малдоўскі лей","bg":"Молдовска лея","bpy":"মোলদোভান লিউ","bs":"Moldavski lej","ca":"Leu moldau","crh":"Moldova leyi","cs":"Moldavský lei","de":"Moldauischer Leu","el":"Λέου Μολδαβίας","en":"Moldovan leu","eo":"Moldava leo","es":"Leu moldavo","et":"Moldova leu","fa":"لئوی مولدا��ی","fi":"Moldovan leu","fr":"Leu moldave","gag":"MDL","he":"לאו מולדובני","hi":"मोल्दोवन लियू","hr":"Moldavski lej","hu":"Moldáv lej","it":"Leu moldavo","ja":"モルドバ・レウ","ko":"몰도바 레우","kv":"Молдоваса лей","ky":"Молдован лей","lb":"Moldawesche Leu","lt":"Moldavijos lėja","lv":"Moldovas leja","mk":"Молдавска леа","mr":"मोल्डोवन लेउ","nl":"Moldavische leu","nb":"Moldovsk leu","pa":"ਮੋਲਦੋਵੀ ਲਿਊ","pl":"Lej Mołdawii","pt":"Leu moldávio","ro":"Leu moldovenesc","ru":"Молдавский лей","sah":"Молдова лиэйэ","sh":"Moldavski lej","sk":"Moldavský lei","sl":"Moldavski lev","sr":"Молдавски леј","sv":"Moldavisk leu","ta":"மல்டோவிய லியு","tg":"Леуи Молдова","tr":"Moldova leyi","uk":"Молдовський лей","wuu":"摩尔多瓦列伊","xmf":"მოლდავური ლეი","yo":"Leu Móldófà","zh":"摩爾多瓦列伊","zh-min-nan":"Moldova leu","zh-yue":"摩爾多瓦列伊"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Leu (kode ISO 4217 MDL) adalah mata uang negara Moldova. Seperti leu Rumania, mata uang ini terbagi menjadi 100 bani.\n\nMata uang ini diperkenalkan pada 29 November 1993 setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet dan berdirinya Moldova. Di republik separatis Transnistria (bagian dari Moldova), rubel Transnistria merupakan mata uang yang berlaku.\n\nNama mata uang leu berarti \"singa\", dan berasal dari mata uang Belanda kuno thaler (leeuwendaalder \"thaler singa/dolar\"). Leeuwendaalder Belanda ditiru di beberapa kota di Jerman dan Italia. Koin-koin ini beredar di Moldova, Rumania dan Bulgaria dan mereka memberi nama pada mata uangnya masing-masing leu Moldova, leu Rumania, dan lev Bulgaria.\n\nAntara tahun 1918 dan 1940 dan lagi antara tahun 1941 dan 1944, ketika Moldova masih bagian dari Rumania, leu Rumania digunakan di tempat yang saat itu merupakan bagian timur wilayah Rumania yang lebih luas di Moldavia (Moldova dalam bahasa Rumania). Leu Moldova didirikan pada 29 November 1993, setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet dan berdirinya Republik Moldova yang merdeka. Ini menggantikan mata uang cupon sementara pada nilai 1 leu = 1000 cupon.\n\nDi Transnistria, negara bagian yang memisahkan diri, yang diakui secara internasional sebagai bagian dari Moldova, rubel Transnistria digunakan sebagai gantinya. Mata uang itu tidak digunakan oleh Moldova atau negara bagian lainnya.\n\nBerikut adalah uang koin leu Moldova:\n\nBerikut adalah uang kertas leu Moldova (seri ke-2):\n\nEkonomi Moldova Daftar mata uang di Eropa Daftar mata uang yang beredar\n\nKategori:Ekonomi Moldova Kategori:Mata uang Eropa\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Currency\n| currency_name_in_local = leu moldovenesc <small>{{mo icon}} {{ro icon}}</small>\n| image_1 = Moldawischer-Leu-01.jpg\n| image_title_1 = 1 Leu\n| iso_code = MDL\n| iso_number = 498\n| using_countries = {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Moldova]] (kecuali {{flagicon|Transnistria}} [[Transnistria]])\n| inflation_rate = 2,97% <small>(2021)</small>\n| inflation_source_date = [https://www.statista.com/statistics/513343/inflation-rate-in-moldova/ Statista]\n| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100\n| subunit_name_1 = ban\n| plural = lei\n| plural_subunit_1 = bani\n| frequently_used_coins = 5, 10, 25, 50 bani, 1 leu, 2, 5, 10 lei\n| rarely_used_coins = 1 ban\n| used_banknotes = 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 lei\n| issuing_authority = [[Bank Nasional Moldova]]\n| issuing_authority_website = www.bnm.md\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leu (kode ISO 4217 MDL) adalah mata uang negara Moldova.","translated_text":"The Leu (ISO code 4217 MDL) is the currency of Moldova.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti leu Rumania, mata uang ini terbagi menjadi 100 bani.","translated_text":"Like the Romanian leu, this currency is divided into 100 branches.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mata uang ini diperkenalkan pada 29 November 1993 setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet dan berdirinya Moldova.","translated_text":"It was introduced on 29 November 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the establishment of Moldova.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di republik separatis Transnistria (bagian dari Moldova), rubel Transnistria merupakan mata uang yang berlaku.","translated_text":"In the separatist republic of Transnistria (part of Moldova), the Transnistrian ruble is the currency in force.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Etimologi","translated_text":"The etymology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama mata uang leu berarti \"singa\", dan berasal dari mata uang Belanda kuno thaler (leeuwendaalder \"thaler singa/dolar\").","translated_text":"The name of the currency leu means \"lion\", and derives from the ancient Dutch currency thaler (leeuwendaalder \"lion thaler/dollar\").","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banca Naţională a României - Euro Exhibition - Opening Speech by Mugur Isărescu, NBR Governor|url=https://bnr.ro/Euro-Exhibition---Opening-Speech-by-Mugur-Isarescu,-NBR-Governor--6613.aspx|website=bnr.ro|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://bnr.ro/Euro-Exhibition---Opening-Speech-by-Mugur-Isarescu,-NBR-Governor--6613.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":113655,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:41.006925-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banca Naţională a României|url=https://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=7877|website=bnr.ro|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=7877","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":113655,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:44.077138-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=RON {{!}} Romanian New Leu {{!}} OANDA|url=https://www1.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/RON|website=www1.oanda.com|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://www1.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/RON","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8054,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.110383-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leeuwendaalder Belanda ditiru di beberapa kota di Jerman dan Italia.","translated_text":"The Dutch Leeuwendaalder was imitated in several cities in Germany and Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Koin","translated_text":"Coins","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-koin ini beredar di Moldova, Rumania dan Bulgaria dan mereka memberi nama pada mata uangnya masing-masing leu Moldova, leu Rumania, dan lev Bulgaria.","translated_text":"- These coins circulate in Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria and they name their currencies respectively the Moldovan leu, the Romanian leu, and the Bulgarian leu.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=leu {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of leu by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/leu|website=www.etymonline.com|language=en|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":150,"name":null,"url":"https://www.etymonline.com/word/leu","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":50962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.330566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (67 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antara tahun 1918 dan 1940 dan lagi antara tahun 1941 dan 1944, ketika Moldova masih bagian dari Rumania, leu Rumania digunakan di tempat yang saat itu merupakan bagian timur wilayah Rumania yang lebih luas di Moldavia (Moldova dalam bahasa Rumania).","translated_text":"Between 1918 and 1940 and again between 1941 and 1944, when Moldova was still part of Romania, the Romanian leu was used in what was then the eastern part of the wider Romanian territory of Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leu Moldova didirikan pada 29 November 1993, setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet dan berdirinya Republik Moldova yang merdeka.","translated_text":"Leu Moldova was founded on November 29, 1993, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the independent Republic of Moldova.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini menggantikan mata uang cupon sementara pada nilai 1 leu = 1000 cupon.","translated_text":"It replaces the temporary coupon currency at the value of 1 leu = 1000 coupons.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Transnistria, negara bagian yang memisahkan diri, yang diakui secara internasional sebagai bagian dari Moldova, rubel Transnistria digunakan sebagai gantinya.","translated_text":"In Transnistria, a separate state, which is internationally recognized as part of Moldova, the Transnistrian ruble is used instead.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mata uang itu tidak digunakan oleh Moldova atau negara bagian lainnya.","translated_text":"The currency is not used by Moldova or any other state.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Uang koin","translated_text":"Coins","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah uang koin leu Moldova:","translated_text":"Here are the coins of the Moldovan leu:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monede în circulație {{!}} Banca Națională a Moldovei|url=https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede|website=www.bnm.md|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209257,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.437390-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6318359375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monede în circulație {{!}} Banca Națională a Moldovei|url=https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede|website=www.bnm.md|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209257,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.437390-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6318359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n!Gambar\n!Pecahan\n!Warna Dominan\n!Diameter\n(mm)\n!Massa\n(g)\n!Komposisi\n!Tahun pengeluaran\n|-\n|[[Berkas:1ban-md.png|204x204px]]\n|1 ban\n| rowspan=\"4\" |Perak\n|14,5\n|0,67\n| rowspan=\"4\" |[[Aluminium]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" |1993\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|5 bani\n|16\n|0,75\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|10 bani\n|16,6\n|0,85\n|-\n|[[Berkas:25bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|25 bani\n|17,5\n|0,95\n|-\n|[[Berkas:50bani-md.png|204x204px]]\n|50 bani\n|Emas\n|19\n|3,1\n|[[Baja]] berlapis [[Kuningan (logam)|kuningan]]\n|2008\n|-\n|[[Berkas:1 LEU COIN NEW.png|204x204px]]\n|1 leu\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Perak\n|21,5\n|4,45\n| rowspan=\"2\" |Baja berlapis [[nikel]]\n| rowspan=\"4\" |2018\n|-\n|[[Berkas:2 LEI COIN 2018.png|204x204px]]\n|2 lei\n|23,7\n|6,7\n|-\n|[[Berkas:5 LEI COIN 2018.png|204x204px]]\n|5 lei\n|Perak, emas\n|24,4\n|7,1\n|Pusat: Baja berlapis nikel\n\nCincin: Baja berlapis kuningan\n|-\n|[[Berkas:10 LEI COIN 2018.png|204x204px]]\n|10 lei\n|Emas, perak\n|25,3\n|7,65\n|Pusat: Baja berlapis kuningan\n\nCincin: Baja berlapis nikel\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Uang kertas","translated_text":"Paper money","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah uang kertas leu Moldova (seri ke-2):","translated_text":"Here are the notes of the Moldovan leu (2nd series):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size: 90%\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Pecahan\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Warna Dominan\n! colspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Tahun Pengeluaran\n|- style=\"font-weight:bold; text-align:center;\"\n!Bagian Depan\n!Bagian Belakang\n!Depan\n!Belakang\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 1 leu av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 1 leu rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|1 leu\n|Kuning\n| rowspan=\"9\" |[[Stefan III dari Moldavia|Ştefan III dari Moldavia]]\n|Biara Căpriana\n| rowspan=\"3\" |1994\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 5 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 5 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|5 lei\n|Sian\n|Gereja Santo Dumitru, Orhei\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 10 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 10 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|10 lei\n|Merah\n|Biara Hârjauca\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 20 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 20 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|20 lei\n|Hijau\n|Benteng Soroca\n| rowspan=\"6\" |1992\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 50 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 50 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|50 lei\n|Pink\n|Biara Hârbovăț\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 100 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 100 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|100 lei\n|Oranye\n|Benteng Tighina\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 200 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 200 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|200 lei\n|Ungu\n|Balai kota [[Chișinău]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 500 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 500 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|500 lei\n|Oranye dan biru\n|Katedral [[Chișinău]]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:MD 1000 lei av.jpg|160x160px]]\n|[[Berkas:MD 1000 lei rev.jpg|160x160px]]\n|1.000 lei\n|Biru\n|Istana Kepresidenan\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ekonomi Moldova Daftar mata uang di Eropa Daftar mata uang yang beredar","translated_text":"Economy of Moldova List of currencies in Europe List of currencies in circulation","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Ekonomi Moldova Kategori:Mata uang Eropa","translated_text":"Category:Economy of the Republic of Moldova Category:European currency","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Nama mata uang leu berarti \"singa\", dan berasal dari mata uang Belanda kuno thaler (leeuwendaalder \"thaler singa/dolar\").","translated_text":"The name of the currency leu means \"lion\", and derives from the ancient Dutch currency thaler (leeuwendaalder \"lion thaler/dollar\").","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banca Naţională a României - Euro Exhibition - Opening Speech by Mugur Isărescu, NBR Governor|url=https://bnr.ro/Euro-Exhibition---Opening-Speech-by-Mugur-Isarescu,-NBR-Governor--6613.aspx|website=bnr.ro|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://bnr.ro/Euro-Exhibition---Opening-Speech-by-Mugur-Isarescu,-NBR-Governor--6613.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":113655,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:41.006925-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banca Naţională a României|url=https://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=7877|website=bnr.ro|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=7877","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":113655,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:44.077138-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=RON {{!}} Romanian New Leu {{!}} OANDA|url=https://www1.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/RON|website=www1.oanda.com|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://www1.oanda.com/currency/iso-currency-codes/RON","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8054,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.110383-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Leeuwendaalder Belanda ditiru di beberapa kota di Jerman dan Italia. Koin -koin ini beredar di Moldova, Rumania dan Bulgaria dan mereka memberi nama pada mata uangnya masing-masing leu Moldova, leu Rumania, dan lev Bulgaria.","translated_text":"The Dutch Leeuwendaalder was imitated in several cities in Germany and Italy. Coins - These coins circulate in Moldova, Romania and Bulgaria and they name their currencies respectively the Moldovan leu, the Romanian leu, and the Bulgarian leu.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=leu {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of leu by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/leu|website=www.etymonline.com|language=en|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":224,"name":null,"url":"https://www.etymonline.com/word/leu","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":50962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.330566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (67 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berikut adalah uang koin leu Moldova:","translated_text":"Here are the coins of the Moldovan leu:","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monede în circulație {{!}} Banca Națională a Moldovei|url=https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede|website=www.bnm.md|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209257,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.437390-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6318359375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monede în circulație {{!}} Banca Națională a Moldovei|url=https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede|website=www.bnm.md|access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref>","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bnm.md/ro/content/monede","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209257,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:46.437390-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6318359375}]}]}
+{"title":"Leu","wikicode":"{{penghubung}}\n* '''[[Leu Rumania]]''', mata uang resmi [[Rumania]].\n* '''[[Leu Moldova]]''', mata uang resmi [[Moldova]].\n\n{{disambiguasi}}\n<!--\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\nKomentar panjang agar halaman tidak dimasukkan ke daftar halaman pendek\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-->\n\n\n{{stub}}","hash":"4906609a392bd184a919ffe4c3ed5c71e609976ee542a9299234f37714a73e2d","last_revision":"2022-12-25T21:32:45Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:22:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.801128","cross_lingual_links":{"ast":"Leu","br":"Leu","ca":"Leu","ceb":"Leu","cs":"Leu","de":"Leu","en":"Leu","es":"Leu","eu":"Leu (argipena)","fi":"Leu","fr":"Leu","gl":"Leu","hu":"Leu (egyértelműsítő lap)","it":"Leu","ja":"Leu","ko":"레우","lv":"Leu","nl":"Leu","nb":"Leu","pl":"Leu","pt":"Leu","ro":"Leu (dezambiguizare)","ru":"Леу","sh":"Leu (razvrstavanje)","sk":"Leu","sl":"Leu","sv":"Leu","uk":"Леу (значення)","zh":"列伊","zh-yue":"列伊"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Leu Rumania, mata uang resmi Rumania. Leu Moldova, mata uang resmi Moldova.\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leu Rumania, mata uang resmi Rumania.","translated_text":"The Romanian leu, the official currency of Romania.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leu Moldova, mata uang resmi Moldova.","translated_text":"The Moldovan leu, the official currency of Moldova.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev","wikicode":"{{Infobox Airport \n| name         = Bandar Udara Internasional Chișinău\n| nativename   = Aeroportul Internațional Chișinău\n| image        = 19-01-19-Chișinău RRK0221.jpg\n| image-width  = 200\n| caption      = \n| IATA         = KIV\n| ICAO         = LUKK\n<center>{{Location map|Moldova|width=200|float=center\n|caption=|mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg|marksize=10\n|label=KIV|position=right\n|lat_deg=46|lat_min=55|lat_sec=40|lat_dir=N\n|lon_deg=28|lon_min=55|lon_sec=51|lon_dir=E\n}}<small>Lokasi bandar udara di Moldova</small></center>\n| type         = umum\n| owner        = \n| operator     = CIA\n| city-served  = \n| location     = [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]\n| hub          = \n<div>\n*[[Air Moldova]]\n*[[Carpatair]]\n*[[Moldavian Airlines]]\n</div>\n| elevation-f  = 399\n| elevation-m  = 122\n| coordinates  = {{coord|46|55|40|N|028|55|51|E|type:airport_region:MD|display=inline,title|name=Chişinău International Airport}}\n| website      = [http://www.airport.md/ www.airport.md]\n| metric-rwy   = yes\n| r1-number    = 08/26\n| r1-length-f  = 11,779\n| r1-length-m  = 3,590\n| r1-surface   = [[Beton]]\n| stat-year    = 2011\n| stat1-header = Penumpang\n| stat1-data   = 1,045,975\n| stat2-header = Pergerakan pesawat\n| stat2-data   = 15,022\n| footnotes    = Sumber: Moldavian [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] at [[European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation|EUROCONTROL]]<ref name=\"AIP\">[http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp EAD Basic]</ref><br/>Statistics<ref>[http://www.airport.md/news-en/5174/ The results of 2011 at Chisinau Airport] at airport.md</ref><br/>Data pergerakan pesawat untuk 2011\n}}\n\n'''Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev''' {{Airport codes|KIV|LUKK}} adalah bandara utama di negara [[Moldova]], terletak {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} sebelah tenggara [[Kishinev]].\n\nPenerbangan terjadwal pertama ke Kishinev dimulai pada 24 Juni 1926 pada rute [[Bukares]] – [[Galaţi]] – Kishinev dan [[Iaşi]]. Penerbangan ini dioperasikan oleh Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne - [[TAROM|CFRNA]].<ref>[http://www.europeanairlines.no/Arcticles_Rumania1_250306.htm Airline companies in Rumania (1918-1945)]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>\n\nTerminal utama dibangun pada tahun 1970-an dengan kapasitas 1.200.000 penumpang per tahun. Pada 31 Mei 1995, bandara ini memperoleh status internasional.\n\nBandar udara ini merupakan anggota dari [[Airports Council International]].\n\n== Penerbangan ==\n\n{{Airport-dest-list\n|[[Aerosvit Airlines]]|Kiev-Boryspil \n|[[airBaltic]]|Riga\n|[[Air Moldova]]|Antalya (musiman), Athens, Bodrum (musiman), Bucharest-Henri Coandă, Burgas (musiman), Dalaman, Dubai (musiman), Frankfurt, Istanbul-Atatürk, Kiev-Boryspil, Larnaca, Lisbon, London-Gatwick, Madrid, Milan-Malpensa, Moscow-Domodedovo, Munich, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Rome-Fiumicino, St. Petersburg, Sochi/Adler (musiman), Sofia (musiman), Tivat (musiman), Varna (musiman), Verona, Wina\n|[[Atlasjet]]|Antalya (musiman)\n|[[Austrian Airlines]] dioperasikan oleh [[Tyrolean Airways]]|Wina\n|[[Carpatair]]|Timişoara\n|[[Lufthansa]]|Munich [dimulai 1 Juli]\n|[[Lufthansa Regional]] dioperasikan oleh [[Lufthansa CityLine]]|Munich [berakhir 1 Juli]\n|[[Meridiana]]|Milan-Malpensa, Rome-Fiumicino, Verona\n|[[Moldavian Airlines]]|Antalya [seasonal], Budapest, Timişoara\n|[[S7 Airlines]]|Moscow-Domodedovo\n|[[Tandem Aero]]|Tel Aviv \n|[[TAROM]]|Bucharest-Henri Coandă\n|[[Turkish Airlines]]|Antalya (musiman), Istanbul-Atatürk\n|[[UTair]]|Surgut \n}}\n\n=== Maskapai kargo ===\n{{Airport-dest-list\n|[[Sayakhat Airlines]]|Aktau\n|[[TNT Airways]]|Liège\n}}\n\n== Statistik bandara ==\n{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\"\n |- align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n ! Tahun || Penumpang || Penerbangan\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1996 || 250.800 || 3.619\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1997 || 283.000 || 4.718\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1998 || 265.900 || 4.871\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1999 || 233.300 || 4.613\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2000 || 254.178 || 5.519\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2001 || 274.387 || 9.866\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2002 || 294.621 || 10.416\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2003 || 341.585 || 9.502\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2004 || 421.011 || 10.759\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2005 || 482.741 || 11.126\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2006 || 548.300 || 10.065\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2007 || 688.800 || 11.623\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2008 || 847.900 || 12.000\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2009 || 809.072 ||\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2010 || 937,030 ||\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2011 || 1.045.975 ||\n |}\n\n\n=== Kargo dan surat ===\n{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\"\n |- align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n ! Tahun || Kargo/surat (dalam ribuan ton)\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2000 || 2.4\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2001 || 1.7\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2002 || 1.3\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2003 || 1.3\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2004 || 1.4\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2005 || 1.7\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2006 || 1.8\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2007 || 1.8\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2008 (1-5) || 0.4\n |}\n\n==Lihat pula==\n\n*[[Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Cahul]]\n\n== Catatan kaki ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons|Chisinau Airport}}\n* {{en}} {{resmi|http://www.airport.md/}}\n* {{en}} [http://en.caa.md/ State Administration of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331193919/http://en.caa.md/ |date=2009-03-31 }}\n* [http://www.airport.md/flight_shedule_2/ Flight Schedules]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Flight numbers & Destination details\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishinev, Bandar udara internasional}}\n[[Kategori:Bandar udara di Moldova|K]]","hash":"4d1aad61d5376c4638d4b8847ddc4cc7295f85f27d2513a2a34c4015fe362bea","last_revision":"2024-02-13T04:44:10Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:41:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.855814","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مطار كيشيناو الدولي","arz":"مطار كيشيناو الدولى","be":"Міжнародны аэрапорт Кішынёў","bg":"Летище Кишинев","ceb":"Chișinău International Airport","cs":"Mezinárodní letiště Kišiněv","de":"Flughafen Chișinău","el":"Διεθνές αεροδρόμιο του Κισινάου","en":"Chișinău International Airport","es":"Aeropuerto Internacional de Chisináu","et":"Chișinău rahvusvaheline lennujaam","eu":"Chisinauko nazioarteko aireportua","fa":"فرودگاه بین‌المللی کیشیناو","fi":"Chișinăun kansainvälinen lentoasema","fr":"Aéroport international de Chișinău","gl":"Aeroporto de Chișinău","he":"נמל התעופה הבין-לאומי קישינב","hr":"Međunarodna zračna luka Kišinjev","hu":"Chișinăui nemzetközi repülőtér","it":"Aeroporto Internazionale di Chișinău","ja":"キシナウ国際空港","ko":"키시너우 국제공항","ms":"Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Chisinau","nl":"Luchthaven Chișinău","nb":"Chisinau internasjonale lufthavn","pl":"Port lotniczy Kiszyniów","pt":"Aeroporto Internacional de Quixinau","ro":"Aeroportul Internațional Chișinău","ru":"Кишинёв (аэропорт)","sr":"Аеродром Кишињев","sv":"Chișinăus internationella flygplats","tg":"Фурудгоҳи Байн‌алмиллалии Кишинёв","th":"ท่าอากาศยานนานาชาติคีชีเนา","tr":"Kişinev Uluslararası Havalimanı","uk":"Кишинів (аеропорт)","vi":"Sân bay quốc tế Chișinău","zh":"基希讷乌国际机场"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev adalah bandara utama di negara Moldova, terletak sebelah tenggara Kishinev.\n\nPenerbangan terjadwal pertama ke Kishinev dimulai pada 24 Juni 1926 pada rute Bukares – Galaţi – Kishinev dan Iaşi. Penerbangan ini dioperasikan oleh Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne - CFRNA.\n\nTerminal utama dibangun pada tahun 1970-an dengan kapasitas 1.200.000 penumpang per tahun. Pada 31 Mei 1995, bandara ini memperoleh status internasional.\n\nBandar udara ini merupakan anggota dari Airports Council International.\n\nBandar_Udara_Internasional_Cahul\n\nState Administration of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Moldova Flight Schedules - Flight numbers & Destination details\n\nK\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Airport \n| name         = Bandar Udara Internasional Chișinău\n| nativename   = Aeroportul Internațional Chișinău\n| image        = 19-01-19-Chișinău RRK0221.jpg\n| image-width  = 200\n| caption      = \n| IATA         = KIV\n| ICAO         = LUKK\n<center>{{Location map|Moldova|width=200|float=center\n|caption=|mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg|marksize=10\n|label=KIV|position=right\n|lat_deg=46|lat_min=55|lat_sec=40|lat_dir=N\n|lon_deg=28|lon_min=55|lon_sec=51|lon_dir=E\n}}<small>Lokasi bandar udara di Moldova</small></center>\n| type         = umum\n| owner        = \n| operator     = CIA\n| city-served  = \n| location     = [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]\n| hub          = \n<div>\n*[[Air Moldova]]\n*[[Carpatair]]\n*[[Moldavian Airlines]]\n</div>\n| elevation-f  = 399\n| elevation-m  = 122\n| coordinates  = {{coord|46|55|40|N|028|55|51|E|type:airport_region:MD|display=inline,title|name=Chişinău International Airport}}\n| website      = [http://www.airport.md/ www.airport.md]\n| metric-rwy   = yes\n| r1-number    = 08/26\n| r1-length-f  = 11,779\n| r1-length-m  = 3,590\n| r1-surface   = [[Beton]]\n| stat-year    = 2011\n| stat1-header = Penumpang\n| stat1-data   = 1,045,975\n| stat2-header = Pergerakan pesawat\n| stat2-data   = 15,022\n| footnotes    = Sumber: Moldavian [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] at [[European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation|EUROCONTROL]]<ref name=\"AIP\">[http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp EAD Basic]</ref><br/>Statistics<ref>[http://www.airport.md/news-en/5174/ The results of 2011 at Chisinau Airport] at airport.md</ref><br/>Data pergerakan pesawat untuk 2011\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev adalah bandara utama di negara Moldova, terletak sebelah tenggara Kishinev.","translated_text":"Kishinev International Airport is the main airport in the country of Moldova, located southeast of Kishinev.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penerbangan terjadwal pertama ke Kishinev dimulai pada 24 Juni 1926 pada rute Bukares – Galaţi – Kishinev dan Iaşi.","translated_text":"The first scheduled flight to Kishinev began on 24 June 1926 on the Bucharest  ⁇  Galaţi  ⁇  Kishinev and Iaşi routes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penerbangan ini dioperasikan oleh Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne - CFRNA.","translated_text":"It is operated by the Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne - CFRNA.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.europeanairlines.no/Arcticles_Rumania1_250306.htm Airline companies in Rumania (1918-1945)]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"http://www.europeanairlines.no/Arcticles_Rumania1_250306.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:47.811268-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terminal utama dibangun pada tahun 1970-an dengan kapasitas 1.200.000 penumpang per tahun.","translated_text":"The main terminal was built in the 1970s with a capacity of 1,200,000 passengers per year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 31 Mei 1995, bandara ini memperoleh status internasional.","translated_text":"On 31 May 1995, the airport gained international status.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bandar udara ini merupakan anggota dari Airports Council International.","translated_text":"The airport is a member of the Airports Council International.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penerbangan","translated_text":"Flying","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Maskapai kargo","translated_text":"Cargo airline","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik bandara","translated_text":"Airport statistics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\"\n |- align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n ! Tahun || Penumpang || Penerbangan\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1996 || 250.800 || 3.619\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1997 || 283.000 || 4.718\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1998 || 265.900 || 4.871\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 1999 || 233.300 || 4.613\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2000 || 254.178 || 5.519\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2001 || 274.387 || 9.866\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2002 || 294.621 || 10.416\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2003 || 341.585 || 9.502\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2004 || 421.011 || 10.759\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2005 || 482.741 || 11.126\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2006 || 548.300 || 10.065\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2007 || 688.800 || 11.623\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2008 || 847.900 || 12.000\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2009 || 809.072 ||\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2010 || 937,030 ||\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2011 || 1.045.975 ||\n |}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Kargo dan surat","translated_text":"Cargo and mail","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\"\n |- align=\"left\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n ! Tahun || Kargo/surat (dalam ribuan ton)\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2000 || 2.4\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2001 || 1.7\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2002 || 1.3\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2003 || 1.3\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2004 || 1.4\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2005 || 1.7\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2006 || 1.8\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2007 || 1.8\n |- align=\"right\"\n | 2008 (1-5) || 0.4\n |}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Cahul","translated_text":"The city of Udara_International_Cahul","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"State Administration of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Moldova Flight Schedules - Flight numbers & Destination details","translated_text":"State Administration of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Moldova Flight schedules - Flight numbers & Destination details","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331193919/http://en.caa.md/ |date=2009-03-31 }}","char_index":66,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090331193919/http://en.caa.md/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.043237-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"K","translated_text":"The K.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Penerbangan terjadwal pertama ke Kishinev dimulai pada 24 Juni 1926 pada rute Bukares – Galaţi – Kishinev dan Iaşi. Penerbangan ini dioperasikan oleh Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne - CFRNA.","translated_text":"The first scheduled flight to Kishinev began on 24 June 1926 on the Bucharest  ⁇  Galaţi  ⁇  Kishinev and Iaşi routes. It is operated by the Compagnie Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne - CFRNA.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.europeanairlines.no/Arcticles_Rumania1_250306.htm Airline companies in Rumania (1918-1945)]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":"http://www.europeanairlines.no/Arcticles_Rumania1_250306.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:47.811268-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"State Administration of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Moldova Flight Schedules - Flight numbers & Destination details","translated_text":"State Administration of Civil Aviation of the Republic of Moldova Flight schedules - Flight numbers & Destination details","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331193919/http://en.caa.md/ |date=2009-03-31 }}","char_index":66,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090331193919/http://en.caa.md/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.043237-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Bandar Udara Internasional Chişinău","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev]]","hash":"61d2b3996845274c40c39c3793b4f9bea753c4b240925f62d3440c3e65fdfebe","last_revision":"2010-06-14T01:42:58Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T01:42:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.916393","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bandar Udara Internasional Kishinev","translated_text":"WHAT is the Kishinev International Airport","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Menteng Dalam, Tebet, Jakarta Selatan","wikicode":"{{kembangkan}}\n\n{{kelurahan\n|nama=Menteng Dalam\n|kecamatan=Tebet\n|kode pos      =12870\n|dati2 = Kota Administrasi\n|nama dati2=Jakarta Selatan\n|provinsi = Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta\n}}\n\n[[Kelurahan]] [[Menteng Dalam, Tebet]] memiliki [[kode pos]] 12870\n\nKelurahan ini terletak di [[kecamatan]] [[Tebet, Jakarta Selatan]].\n\nKelurahan ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 45.184 jiwa dan luas 210,60 ha>.\n\n{{Tebet, Jakarta Selatan}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n\n{{Kelurahan-stub}}","hash":"817b30208a4f5712331031fac7112e20a548cfbc4df7e1e0e16e07da535b9ed6","last_revision":"2023-09-28T09:57:40Z","first_revision":"2005-04-29T23:49:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:50.985537","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Menteng Dalam, Tebet, Jakarta Selatan","ceb":"Kelurahan Menteng Dalam","jv":"Mèntèng Dalam, Tebet, Jakarta Kidul","ms":"Menteng Dalam","nl":"Menteng Dalam","su":"Ménténg Dalam, Tebet, Jakarta Selatan","sv":"Kelurahan Menteng Dalam"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Kelurahan Menteng Dalam, Tebet memiliki kode pos 12870\n\nKelurahan ini terletak di kecamatan Tebet, Jakarta Selatan.\n\nKelurahan ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 45.184 jiwa dan luas 210,60 ha>.\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelurahan Menteng Dalam, Tebet memiliki kode pos 12870","translated_text":"Kelurahan Menteng In, Tebet has a ZIP code of 12870","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelurahan ini terletak di kecamatan Tebet, Jakarta Selatan.","translated_text":"It is located in the Tebet district of South Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelurahan ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 45.184 jiwa dan luas 210,60 ha>.","translated_text":"It has a population of 45,184 and an area of 210.60 ha.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2008","wikicode":"{{Infobox Election\n| election_name = Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2008\n| country = Jawa Tengah\n| type = presidential\n| ongoing = no\n| previous_election =Pemilihan Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2003\n| previous_year = 2003\n| next_election = Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2013\n| next_year = 2013\n| election_date =22 Juni 2008 \n| map_image = Locator_jateng_final.png\n| map_size = 300px\n| map_caption = Peta lokasi [[Jawa Tengah]]\n| before_election = [[Ali Mufiz]]\n| before_party =Partai Persatuan Pembangunan\n| after_election =[[Bibit Waluyo]] dan [[Rustriningsih]] \n| after_party =Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan \n|nominee1='''[[Bibit Waluyo]]'''\n|nominee2=[[Bambang Sadono]]\n|nominee3=[[Sukawi Sutarip]]\n|nominee4=[[M. Tamzil]]\n|nominee5=[[Agus Soeyitno]]\n|party1=Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan\n|party2=Partai Golongan Karya\n|party3=Partai Demokrat\n|party4=Partai Persatuan Pembangunan\n|party5=Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa\n|percentage1='''43.44%'''\n|percentage2=22.79%\n|percentage3=15.58%\n|percentage4=11.36%\n|percentage5=6.83%\n|popular_vote1='''6.084.261'''\n|popular_vote2=3.192.093\n|popular_vote3=2.182.102\n|popular_vote4=1.591.243\n|popular_vote5=957.343\n|running_mate1='''[[Rustriningsih]]'''\n|running_mate2=[[M. Adnan]]\n|running_mate3=[[Sudharto]]\n|running_mate4=[[Rozaq Rais]]\n|running_mate5=[[Abdul Kholiq]]\n|title=Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur\n}}\n'''Pemilihan Umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2008''' akan dilaksanakan untuk memilih [[gubernur Jawa Tengah|Gubernur]] dan [[Daftar Wakil Gubernur Jawa Tengah|Wakil Gubernur]] Provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]] periode 2008 - 2013. Pemilihan ini dimenangkan oleh pasangan [[Bibit Waluyo|Bibit]] - [[Rustriningsih|Rustri]] dengan mengalahkan 4 kandidat.\n\n== Kandidat & Hasil ==\n<br />\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n! colspan=\"3\" |Kandidat\n!Partai Pengusung\n!Suara\n!%\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |1\n|<center>[[Berkas:Bambang Sadono, DPD RI 2014-2019.jpg|100px]]\n|\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|Golkar}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |3.192.093\n| rowspan=\"3\" |22.79%\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Bambang Sadono]]''' \n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Muhammad Adnan (Nahdlatul Ulama)|Muhammad Adnan]]'''\n|-\n|Anggota DPR RI [[Jawa Tengah III (daerah pemilihan)|Jawa Tengah III]]\n|Ketua Pengurus Wilayah [[Nahdlatul Ulama]] (PWNU) Jawa Tengah\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2\n|<center>[[Berkas:Danpusterad Agus Suyitno.jpg|100px]]\n|\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|PKB}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |957.343\n| rowspan=\"3\" |6.83%\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Agus Soeyitno]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur: [[Kholiq Arif|Abdul Kholiq Arif]]\n|-\n|Panglima [[Komando Daerah Militer IV/Diponegoro|Komando Daerah Militer IV/ Diponegoro]]\n|[[Daftar Bupati Wonosobo|Bupati Wonosobo]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |3\n|<center> [[Berkas:KPU Sukawi Sutarip.jpg|100px]]\n|\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|Demokrat}}<br>{{Parpolicon|PKS}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2.182.102\n| rowspan=\"3\" |15.58%\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Sukawi Sutarip]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Sudharto]]'''\n|-\n|[[Daftar Wali Kota Semarang|Wali Kota Semarang 2000-2010]]\n|\n* [[Daftar anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia 2004–2009| Anggota DPD RI 2004-2009]] \n* Ketua [[Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia]] (PGRI) Jawa Tengah\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |4\n|<center> [[Berkas:24 Mayjen TNI Bibit Waluyo.jpg|100px]]\n|<center> [[Berkas:Rustriningsih, Bupati Kebumen.jpg|100px]]\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|PDIP}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |'''6.084.261'''\n| rowspan=\"3\" |'''43.44%'''\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Bibit Waluyo]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Rustriningsih]]'''\n|-\n|\n* [[Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat|Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat]], \n* Panglima [[Komando Daerah Militer Jayakarta]]\n* Panglima [[Komando Daerah Militer IV/Diponegoro|Komando Daerah Militer IV/ Diponegoro]]\n|[[Daftar Bupati Kebumen|Bupati Kebumen 2000-2008]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |5\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Muhammad Tamzil]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Abdul Rozaq Rais]]'''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |{{Parpolicon|PPP}}<br>{{Parpolicon|PAN}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1.591.243\n| rowspan=\"2\" |11.36%\n|-\n|[[Daftar Bupati Kudus|Bupati Kudus 2003-2008]]\n|Politikus Partai Amanat Nasional\n|}\n\n== Lihat Pula ==\n* [[Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Barat 2008]]\n\n[[Kategori:Pemilihan gubernur di Indonesia|Jawa Tengah, 2008]]\n[[Kategori:Pemilihan umum di Jawa Tengah|2008, Gubernur]]\n[[Kategori:Pemilihan kepala daerah di Indonesia tahun 2008|Jawa Tengah]]\n\n\n{{politik-stub}}","hash":"d1d28f9c83b990cd119ea5c7ac25fd84c8fd42c86520896a4b10dd1fa4e031ac","last_revision":"2024-04-03T21:47:37Z","first_revision":"2008-05-11T01:07:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.049390","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Pemilihan Umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2008 akan dilaksanakan untuk memilih Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Jawa Tengah periode 2008 - 2013. Pemilihan ini dimenangkan oleh pasangan Bibit - Rustri dengan mengalahkan 4 kandidat.\n\nPemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Barat 2008\n\nJawa Tengah, 2008 2008, Gubernur Jawa Tengah\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Election\n| election_name = Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2008\n| country = Jawa Tengah\n| type = presidential\n| ongoing = no\n| previous_election =Pemilihan Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2003\n| previous_year = 2003\n| next_election = Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2013\n| next_year = 2013\n| election_date =22 Juni 2008 \n| map_image = Locator_jateng_final.png\n| map_size = 300px\n| map_caption = Peta lokasi [[Jawa Tengah]]\n| before_election = [[Ali Mufiz]]\n| before_party =Partai Persatuan Pembangunan\n| after_election =[[Bibit Waluyo]] dan [[Rustriningsih]] \n| after_party =Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan \n|nominee1='''[[Bibit Waluyo]]'''\n|nominee2=[[Bambang Sadono]]\n|nominee3=[[Sukawi Sutarip]]\n|nominee4=[[M. Tamzil]]\n|nominee5=[[Agus Soeyitno]]\n|party1=Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan\n|party2=Partai Golongan Karya\n|party3=Partai Demokrat\n|party4=Partai Persatuan Pembangunan\n|party5=Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa\n|percentage1='''43.44%'''\n|percentage2=22.79%\n|percentage3=15.58%\n|percentage4=11.36%\n|percentage5=6.83%\n|popular_vote1='''6.084.261'''\n|popular_vote2=3.192.093\n|popular_vote3=2.182.102\n|popular_vote4=1.591.243\n|popular_vote5=957.343\n|running_mate1='''[[Rustriningsih]]'''\n|running_mate2=[[M. Adnan]]\n|running_mate3=[[Sudharto]]\n|running_mate4=[[Rozaq Rais]]\n|running_mate5=[[Abdul Kholiq]]\n|title=Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemilihan Umum Gubernur Jawa Tengah 2008 akan dilaksanakan untuk memilih Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Jawa Tengah periode 2008 - 2013.","translated_text":"The 2008 Central Java Governor General Election will be held to elect the Governor and Deputy Governor of Central Java Province for the period 2008 - 2013.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemilihan ini dimenangkan oleh pasangan Bibit - Rustri dengan mengalahkan 4 kandidat.","translated_text":"This election was won by Seed-Rustrian pair by defeating four candidates.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kandidat & Hasil","translated_text":"Candidates & Results","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n! colspan=\"3\" |Kandidat\n!Partai Pengusung\n!Suara\n!%\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |1\n|<center>[[Berkas:Bambang Sadono, DPD RI 2014-2019.jpg|100px]]\n|\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|Golkar}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |3.192.093\n| rowspan=\"3\" |22.79%\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Bambang Sadono]]''' \n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Muhammad Adnan (Nahdlatul Ulama)|Muhammad Adnan]]'''\n|-\n|Anggota DPR RI [[Jawa Tengah III (daerah pemilihan)|Jawa Tengah III]]\n|Ketua Pengurus Wilayah [[Nahdlatul Ulama]] (PWNU) Jawa Tengah\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2\n|<center>[[Berkas:Danpusterad Agus Suyitno.jpg|100px]]\n|\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|PKB}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |957.343\n| rowspan=\"3\" |6.83%\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Agus Soeyitno]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur: [[Kholiq Arif|Abdul Kholiq Arif]]\n|-\n|Panglima [[Komando Daerah Militer IV/Diponegoro|Komando Daerah Militer IV/ Diponegoro]]\n|[[Daftar Bupati Wonosobo|Bupati Wonosobo]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |3\n|<center> [[Berkas:KPU Sukawi Sutarip.jpg|100px]]\n|\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|Demokrat}}<br>{{Parpolicon|PKS}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2.182.102\n| rowspan=\"3\" |15.58%\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Sukawi Sutarip]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Sudharto]]'''\n|-\n|[[Daftar Wali Kota Semarang|Wali Kota Semarang 2000-2010]]\n|\n* [[Daftar anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia 2004–2009| Anggota DPD RI 2004-2009]] \n* Ketua [[Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia]] (PGRI) Jawa Tengah\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |4\n|<center> [[Berkas:24 Mayjen TNI Bibit Waluyo.jpg|100px]]\n|<center> [[Berkas:Rustriningsih, Bupati Kebumen.jpg|100px]]\n| rowspan=\"3\" |{{Parpolicon|PDIP}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |'''6.084.261'''\n| rowspan=\"3\" |'''43.44%'''\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Bibit Waluyo]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Rustriningsih]]'''\n|-\n|\n* [[Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat|Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat]], \n* Panglima [[Komando Daerah Militer Jayakarta]]\n* Panglima [[Komando Daerah Militer IV/Diponegoro|Komando Daerah Militer IV/ Diponegoro]]\n|[[Daftar Bupati Kebumen|Bupati Kebumen 2000-2008]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |5\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|-\n|Calon Gubernur:<br />'''[[Muhammad Tamzil]]'''\n|Calon Wakil Gubernur:<br />'''[[Abdul Rozaq Rais]]'''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |{{Parpolicon|PPP}}<br>{{Parpolicon|PAN}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1.591.243\n| rowspan=\"2\" |11.36%\n|-\n|[[Daftar Bupati Kudus|Bupati Kudus 2003-2008]]\n|Politikus Partai Amanat Nasional\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat Pula","translated_text":"Look at Pula.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jawa Barat 2008","translated_text":"General election of Governor of West Java 2008","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jawa Tengah, 2008 2008, Gubernur Jawa Tengah","translated_text":"Central Java, 2008 2008, Governor of Central Java","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"São Tomé","wikicode":"{{kembangkan}}\n{{Infobox settlement\n<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->\n<!-- Basic info  ---------------->\n|official_name          = São Tomé\n|other_name             =\n|native_name            =  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->\n|nickname               =\n|settlement_type        = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->\n|motto                  =\n<!-- images and maps  ----------->\n|image_skyline          = Sao tome palace.jpg\n|imagesize              =\n|image_caption          = Istana São Tomé\n|image_flag             = Bandeira São Tomé.PNG\n|flag_size              =\n|image_seal             =\n|seal_size              =\n|image_shield           = S.Tomé.PNG\n|shield_size            =\n|image_blank_emblem     =\n|blank_emblem_type      =\n|blank_emblem_size      =\n|image_map              =\n|mapsize                =\n|map_caption            =\n|image_map1             =\n|mapsize1               =\n|map_caption1           =\n|image_dot_map          =\n|dot_mapsize            =\n|dot_map_caption        =\n|dot_x =  |dot_y =\n||pushpin_map            =Sao Tome\n|pushpin_label_position =bottom\n|pushpin_mapsize=\n|pushpin_map_caption    = Lokasi di [[Pulau São Tomé]]\n<!-- Location ------------------>\n|coordinates_region     = ST\n|subdivision_type       = [[Daftar negara di dunia|Negara]]\n|subdivision_name       = {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}\n|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinsis di Sao Tome dan Principe|Provinsi]]\n|subdivision_name1      = [[Pulau São Tomé]]\n|subdivision_type2      = [[Distriks di São Tomé and Príncipe|Distrik]]\n|subdivision_name2      = [[Distrik Água Grande|Água Grande]]\n|subdivision_type3      =\n|subdivision_name3      =\n|subdivision_type4      =\n|subdivision_name4      =\n<!-- Politics ----------------->\n|government_footnotes   =\n|government_type        =\n|leader_title           =\n|leader_name            =\n|leader_title1          =  <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->\n|leader_name1           =\n|leader_title2          =\n|leader_name2           =\n|leader_title3          =\n|leader_name3           =\n|leader_title4          =\n|leader_name4           =\n|established_title      =  <!-- Settled -->\n|established_date       = 1485\n|established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->\n|established_date2      =\n|established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->\n|established_date3      =\n<!-- Area    --------------------->\n|area_magnitude         =\n|unit_pref                =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->\n|area_footnotes           =\n|area_total_km2           =\n|area_land_km2            = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->\n|area_water_km2           =\n|area_total_sq_mi         =\n|area_land_sq_mi          =\n|area_water_sq_mi         =\n|area_water_percent       =\n|area_urban_km2           =\n|area_urban_sq_mi         =\n|area_metro_km2           =\n|area_metro_sq_mi         =\n|area_blank1_title        =\n|area_blank1_km2          =\n|area_blank1_sq_mi        =\n<!-- Population   ----------------------->\n|population_as_of               = [[2005]]\n|population_footnotes           =\n|population_note                =\n|population_total               =\n|population_density_km2         =\n|population_density_sq_mi       =\n|population_metro               =\n|population_density_metro_km2   =\n|population_density_metro_sq_mi =\n|population_urban               =\n|population_density_urban_km2   =\n|population_density_urban_sq_mi =\n|population_blank1_title        =\n|population_blank1              =\n|population_blank2_title        =\n|population_blank2              =\n|population_density_blank1_km2 =\n|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =\n<!-- General information  --------------->\n|timezone               = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]\n|utc_offset             = +0\n|timezone_DST           =\n|utc_offset_DST         =\n|latd= 0|latm=20 |lats=10 |latNS=N\n|longd=6 |longm=40 |longs=53 |longEW=E\n|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->\n|elevation_m            =\n|elevation_ft           =\n<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->\n|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->\n|postal_code            =\n|area_code              = +239-11x-xxxx through 14x-xxxx\n|blank_name             =\n|blank_info             =\n|blank1_name            =\n|blank1_info            =\n|website                =\n|footnotes              =\n}}\n'''Sao Tome''' adalah [[ibu kota]] sekaligus [[kota]] terbesar [[Sao Tome dan Principe]]. Penduduknya berjumlah 54.300 jiwa ([[2004]]).\n\n== Geografi ==\n=== Iklim ===\n{{São Tomé weatherbox}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons}}\n* {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Sao_Tome_and_Principe|Sao Tome and Principe}}\n* '''Peta dan Foto''':\n** Peta jalan: [http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?latlongtype=decimal&latitude=6.68&longitude=0.335&zoom=6 Street map from Mapquest], [http://maps.msn.com/map.aspx?&lats1=6.68&lons1=0.335&alts1=35 MapPoint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120214135/http://maps.msn.com/(kv4dow55ocd4kkqpplbjzmrs)/map.aspx?&lats1=6.68&lons1=0.335&alts1=35 |date=2008-01-20 }} or [http://maps.google.com/maps?||=0.335,6.68 Google] or [http://maps.yahoo.com/maps_result?lat=0.335&lon=6.68&mag=2 Yahoo! Maps]\n** Gambar satelit: [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=0.335,6.68&spn=0.11,0.18&t=k Google] or [http://virtualearth.msn.com/default.aspx?cp=0.335|6.68&style=h&lvl=15&v=1 Microsoft Virtual Earth] - image not yet available\n* [http://www.saotome.st www.saotome.st] - Facts about the country, how to get there, where to stay, what do to, images etc.\n* Local travel agency Navetur-Equatour - information&pictures http://www.navetur-equatour.st/\n* Koordinat: {{Coord|0|20|10|N|6|40|53|E|type:city(56166)_region:ST}}\n\n{{Ibukota di Afrika}}\n{{negara-geo-stub|Sao Tome dan Principe}}\n\n{{Coord|0|20|10|N|6|40|53|E|type:city(56166)_region:ST|display=title}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Sao Tome dan Principe]]\n[[Kategori:Geografi Sao Tome dan Principe]]","hash":"465edd83bfc82745dc2ec21cc132d16bde80a610ffe2e9e1bac785cf3986690b","last_revision":"2022-02-01T04:04:47Z","first_revision":"2006-01-15T11:18:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.105709","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"São Tomé","am":"ሳን ቶሜ","an":"Sant Tomé","ar":"ساو تومي","arz":"ساو تومى","ast":"Santu Tomé (capital)","avk":"São Tomé (widava)","az":"San-Tome şəhəri","ba":"Сан-Томе (ҡала)","ban":"São Tomé","be":"Сан-Тамэ","be-x-old":"Сан-Тамэ (горад)","bg":"Сао Томе (град)","bn":"সাঁউ তুমে","bo":"སའོ་ཊོ་མེ།","bpy":"সাও টোমে","br":"São Tomé","bs":"São Tomé","ca":"São Tomé (capital)","cdo":"São Tomé","ce":"Сан-Томе (гӀала)","ceb":"São Tomé (ulohang dakbayan)","ckb":"ساوتۆمێ","cs":"São Tomé","cy":"São Tomé (dinas)","da":"São Tomé","de":"São Tomé","el":"Σάο Τομέ (πόλη)","en":"São Tomé","eo":"Santomeo","es":"Santo Tomé (capital)","et":"São Tomé","eu":"Sao Tome","fa":"سائوتومه","fi":"São Tomé","fr":"São Tomé (ville)","frr":"São Tomé (Stääd)","fy":"Sao Tomee (stêd)","ga":"São Tomé (Cathair)","gd":"São Tomé","gl":"San Tomé, San Tomé e Príncipe","ha":"Sao Tomé","hak":"São Tomé","he":"סאו טומה (עיר)","hi":"साओ टोमे","hif":"São Tomé","hr":"São Tomé","ht":"Sao Tome","hu":"São Tomé","hy":"Սան Տոմե (քաղաք)","ia":"São Tomé","io":"San-Tome","is":"São Tomé","it":"São Tomé","ja":"サントメ","ka":"სან-ტომე","kab":"São Tomé (tamdint)","kg":"Sao Tome","kk":"Сан-Томе (қала)","ko":"상투메","ku":"Sao Tome","la":"Urbs Sancti Thomae","lb":"São Tomé (Stad)","lij":"San Tomè","lmo":"São Tomé (cità)","lt":"San Tomė","lv":"Santome","mdf":"Сан-Томэ","mg":"São Tomé","mi":"São Tomé","mk":"Саун Томе","ml":"സാവോ ടോം","mr":"साओ टोमे","mrj":"Сан-Томе (хала)","ms":"São Tomé","mzn":"سائوتومه","nl":"Sao Tomé (stad)","nn":"São Tomé","nb":"São Tomé","ny":"São Tomé","oc":"São Tomé","olo":"San Tome","os":"Сан-Томе","pa":"ਸਾਓ ਤੋਮੇ","pap":"Santo Tomé","pl":"São Tomé","pms":"São Tomé (sità)","pnb":"ساو ٹومے","ps":"سایوتومه","pt":"São Tomé (São Tomé e Príncipe)","ro":"São Tomé","ru":"Сан-Томе (город)","sc":"São Tomé","sco":"São Tomé","sh":"São Tomé","simple":"São Tomé","sk":"Svätý Tomáš (mesto)","sl":"São Tomé","smn":"São Tomé","sn":"São Tomé","so":"Sao Tome","sq":"Sao Tome","sr":"Сао Томе","sv":"São Tomé","sw":"Sao Tome","ta":"சாவோ தொமே","tg":"Сан-Томе","th":"เซาตูแม","tl":"São Tomé","tr":"São Tomé","tt":"Сан-Томе (шәһәр)","udm":"Сан-Томе (кар)","uk":"Сан-Томе (місто)","ur":"ساؤ ٹومے","uz":"San-Tome","vec":"São Tomé","vep":"San Tome (lidn)","vi":"São Tomé","war":"Sao Tome","wuu":"圣多美","xmf":"სან-ტომე","yo":"São Tomé","zh":"圣多美","zh-min-nan":"São Tomé","zh-yue":"聖多美"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Sao Tome adalah ibu kota sekaligus kota terbesar Sao Tome dan Principe. Penduduknya berjumlah 54.300 jiwa (2004).\n\nPeta dan Foto: Peta jalan: Street map from Mapquest, MapPoint or Google or Yahoo! Maps Gambar satelit: Google or Microsoft Virtual Earth - image not yet available www.saotome.st - Facts about the country, how to get there, where to stay, what do to, images etc. Local travel agency Navetur-Equatour - information&pictures Koordinat:\n\nKategori:Kota di Sao Tome dan Principe Kategori:Geografi Sao Tome dan Principe\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox settlement\n<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->\n<!-- Basic info  ---------------->\n|official_name          = São Tomé\n|other_name             =\n|native_name            =  <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->\n|nickname               =\n|settlement_type        = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->\n|motto                  =\n<!-- images and maps  ----------->\n|image_skyline          = Sao tome palace.jpg\n|imagesize              =\n|image_caption          = Istana São Tomé\n|image_flag             = Bandeira São Tomé.PNG\n|flag_size              =\n|image_seal             =\n|seal_size              =\n|image_shield           = S.Tomé.PNG\n|shield_size            =\n|image_blank_emblem     =\n|blank_emblem_type      =\n|blank_emblem_size      =\n|image_map              =\n|mapsize                =\n|map_caption            =\n|image_map1             =\n|mapsize1               =\n|map_caption1           =\n|image_dot_map          =\n|dot_mapsize            =\n|dot_map_caption        =\n|dot_x =  |dot_y =\n||pushpin_map            =Sao Tome\n|pushpin_label_position =bottom\n|pushpin_mapsize=\n|pushpin_map_caption    = Lokasi di [[Pulau São Tomé]]\n<!-- Location ------------------>\n|coordinates_region     = ST\n|subdivision_type       = [[Daftar negara di dunia|Negara]]\n|subdivision_name       = {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}\n|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinsis di Sao Tome dan Principe|Provinsi]]\n|subdivision_name1      = [[Pulau São Tomé]]\n|subdivision_type2      = [[Distriks di São Tomé and Príncipe|Distrik]]\n|subdivision_name2      = [[Distrik Água Grande|Água Grande]]\n|subdivision_type3      =\n|subdivision_name3      =\n|subdivision_type4      =\n|subdivision_name4      =\n<!-- Politics ----------------->\n|government_footnotes   =\n|government_type        =\n|leader_title           =\n|leader_name            =\n|leader_title1          =  <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->\n|leader_name1           =\n|leader_title2          =\n|leader_name2           =\n|leader_title3          =\n|leader_name3           =\n|leader_title4          =\n|leader_name4           =\n|established_title      =  <!-- Settled -->\n|established_date       = 1485\n|established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->\n|established_date2      =\n|established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->\n|established_date3      =\n<!-- Area    --------------------->\n|area_magnitude         =\n|unit_pref                =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->\n|area_footnotes           =\n|area_total_km2           =\n|area_land_km2            = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->\n|area_water_km2           =\n|area_total_sq_mi         =\n|area_land_sq_mi          =\n|area_water_sq_mi         =\n|area_water_percent       =\n|area_urban_km2           =\n|area_urban_sq_mi         =\n|area_metro_km2           =\n|area_metro_sq_mi         =\n|area_blank1_title        =\n|area_blank1_km2          =\n|area_blank1_sq_mi        =\n<!-- Population   ----------------------->\n|population_as_of               = [[2005]]\n|population_footnotes           =\n|population_note                =\n|population_total               =\n|population_density_km2         =\n|population_density_sq_mi       =\n|population_metro               =\n|population_density_metro_km2   =\n|population_density_metro_sq_mi =\n|population_urban               =\n|population_density_urban_km2   =\n|population_density_urban_sq_mi =\n|population_blank1_title        =\n|population_blank1              =\n|population_blank2_title        =\n|population_blank2              =\n|population_density_blank1_km2 =\n|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =\n<!-- General information  --------------->\n|timezone               = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]\n|utc_offset             = +0\n|timezone_DST           =\n|utc_offset_DST         =\n|latd= 0|latm=20 |lats=10 |latNS=N\n|longd=6 |longm=40 |longs=53 |longEW=E\n|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->\n|elevation_m            =\n|elevation_ft           =\n<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->\n|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->\n|postal_code            =\n|area_code              = +239-11x-xxxx through 14x-xxxx\n|blank_name             =\n|blank_info             =\n|blank1_name            =\n|blank1_info            =\n|website                =\n|footnotes              =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sao Tome adalah ibu kota sekaligus kota terbesar Sao Tome dan Principe.","translated_text":"Sao Tome is the capital and largest city of Sao Tome and Principe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penduduknya berjumlah 54.300 jiwa (2004).","translated_text":"It has a population of 54,300 (2004).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Geografi","translated_text":"Geography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Iklim","translated_text":"The climate","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Peta dan Foto: Peta jalan: Street map from Mapquest, MapPoint or Google or Yahoo!","translated_text":"Maps and Photos: Street map from Mapquest, MapPoint or Google or Yahoo!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120214135/http://maps.msn.com/(kv4dow55ocd4kkqpplbjzmrs)/map.aspx?&lats1=6.68&lons1=0.335&alts1=35 |date=2008-01-20 }}","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080120214135/http://maps.msn.com/(kv4dow55ocd4kkqpplbjzmrs)/map.aspx?&lats1=6.68&lons1=0.335&alts1=35","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.113475-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maps Gambar satelit: Google or Microsoft Virtual Earth - image not yet available www.saotome.st - Facts about the country, how to get there, where to stay, what do to, images etc.","translated_text":"Satellite maps Images: Google or Microsoft Virtual Earth - image not yet available www.saotome.st - Facts about the country, how to get there, where to stay, what to do, images etc.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Local travel agency Navetur-Equatour - information&pictures Koordinat:","translated_text":"I'm not sure what I'm talking about.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Sao Tome dan Principe Kategori:Geografi Sao Tome dan Principe","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Sao Tome and Principe Category:Geography of Sao Tome and Principe","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Peta dan Foto: Peta jalan: Street map from Mapquest, MapPoint or Google or Yahoo!","translated_text":"Maps and Photos: Street map from Mapquest, MapPoint or Google or Yahoo!","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120214135/http://maps.msn.com/(kv4dow55ocd4kkqpplbjzmrs)/map.aspx?&lats1=6.68&lons1=0.335&alts1=35 |date=2008-01-20 }}","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080120214135/http://maps.msn.com/(kv4dow55ocd4kkqpplbjzmrs)/map.aspx?&lats1=6.68&lons1=0.335&alts1=35","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.113475-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pantai Carita","wikicode":"{{Infobox tempat wisata\n|image= Carita Beach, Banten.jpg \n|caption =Pantai Carita Banten\n|name=Pantai Carita\n|map_type= Indonesia\n|map_size=258\n|latitude=-6.29\n|longitude=105.84\n|lokasi=Kabupaten [[Pandeglang]], [[Banten]]\n|negara={{flag|Indonesia}}\n|arsitek=\n|pengelola=\n|pembuat=\n|mulai_dibangun=\n|selesai_dibangun= \n|dibuka=15 Juli 1978\n|ditutup=\n|biaya=\n|jenis_wisata=Wisata pantai\n|gaya=\n|luas=\n|situs_web=\n|fasilitas=\n}}\n'''Pantai Carita''' ({{Lang-su|{{Sund|ᮘᮞᮤᮞᮤᮁ ᮎᮛᮤᮒ}}|Basisir Carita}}) adalah sebuah [[pantai]] di pesisir barat provinsi [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]]. Pantai ini merupakan [[objek pariwisata]] pantai di [[Indonesia]] yang cukup terkenal selain [[Pantai Anyer]], [[Pantai Karang Bolong]] dan [[Pantai Tanjung Lesung]].\n\nPantai Carita merupakan objek wisata yang terletak di Kabupaten [[Pandeglang]] dan telah ditetapkan berdasarkan SK Menteri Pertanian No.440/kpts/UM/1978 pada tanggal [[15 Juli]] [[1978]] sebagai Taman Wisata Alam. Pantai ini terkenal dengan pasir pantainya yang putih sehingga membuat kawasan ini sering dikunjungi oleh wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara.\n\nPantai Carita kaya akan sumber daya alamnya. Hamparan tepian yang amat landai dengan ombak laut yang kecil dan lembut menyapu di sepanjang pantai, dipadu dengan pemandangan [[Gunung Krakatau]].\n\nJarak tempuh dari Jakarta ke Pantai Carita sekitar 130&nbsp;km dapat melalui jalan tol Jakarta-Merak dan keluar di gerbang tol Cilegon Timur.\n\nFasilitas di Pantai Carita cukup lengkap yaitu Banana boat, snorkling, papan seluncur, diving, dan fasilitas lainnya. Banyak juga penginapan-penginapan sepanjang pesisir pantai dan atau rumah-rumah warga yang difungsikan untuk penginapan.\n\n[[Kategori:Pantai di Banten|Carita]]\n[[Kategori:Carita, Pandeglang]]\n[[Kategori:Tempat wisata di Banten]]\n\n\n{{indo-stub}}","hash":"a76168b8f29a2482a5d0187154dbbbb4e480dcebaa5610cca4d99576e0158874","last_revision":"2022-11-17T14:15:23Z","first_revision":"2005-10-23T00:30:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.173252","cross_lingual_links":{"ceb":"Pantai Carita","su":"Basisir Carita","sv":"Pantai Carita"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Pantai Carita () adalah sebuah pantai di pesisir barat provinsi Banten, Indonesia. Pantai ini merupakan objek pariwisata pantai di Indonesia yang cukup terkenal selain Pantai Anyer, Pantai Karang Bolong dan Pantai Tanjung Lesung.\n\nPantai Carita merupakan objek wisata yang terletak di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan telah ditetapkan berdasarkan SK Menteri Pertanian No.440/kpts/UM/1978 pada tanggal 15 Juli 1978 sebagai Taman Wisata Alam. Pantai ini terkenal dengan pasir pantainya yang putih sehingga membuat kawasan ini sering dikunjungi oleh wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara.\n\nPantai Carita kaya akan sumber daya alamnya. Hamparan tepian yang amat landai dengan ombak laut yang kecil dan lembut menyapu di sepanjang pantai, dipadu dengan pemandangan Gunung Krakatau.\n\nJarak tempuh dari Jakarta ke Pantai Carita sekitar 130 km dapat melalui jalan tol Jakarta-Merak dan keluar di gerbang tol Cilegon Timur.\n\nFasilitas di Pantai Carita cukup lengkap yaitu Banana boat, snorkling, papan seluncur, diving, dan fasilitas lainnya. Banyak juga penginapan-penginapan sepanjang pesisir pantai dan atau rumah-rumah warga yang difungsikan untuk penginapan.\n\nCarita Kategori:Carita, Pandeglang Kategori:Tempat wisata di Banten\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox tempat wisata\n|image= Carita Beach, Banten.jpg \n|caption =Pantai Carita Banten\n|name=Pantai Carita\n|map_type= Indonesia\n|map_size=258\n|latitude=-6.29\n|longitude=105.84\n|lokasi=Kabupaten [[Pandeglang]], [[Banten]]\n|negara={{flag|Indonesia}}\n|arsitek=\n|pengelola=\n|pembuat=\n|mulai_dibangun=\n|selesai_dibangun= \n|dibuka=15 Juli 1978\n|ditutup=\n|biaya=\n|jenis_wisata=Wisata pantai\n|gaya=\n|luas=\n|situs_web=\n|fasilitas=\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pantai Carita () adalah sebuah pantai di pesisir barat provinsi Banten, Indonesia.","translated_text":"Carita Beach is a beach on the west coast of Banten province, Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pantai ini merupakan objek pariwisata pantai di Indonesia yang cukup terkenal selain Pantai Anyer, Pantai Karang Bolong dan Pantai Tanjung Lesung.","translated_text":"This beach is a well-known tourist attraction in Indonesia besides Anyer Beach, Bolong Coral Beach and Tanjung Lesung Beach.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pantai Carita merupakan objek wisata yang terletak di Kabupaten Pandeglang dan telah ditetapkan berdasarkan SK Menteri Pertanian No.440/kpts/UM/1978 pada tanggal 15 Juli 1978 sebagai Taman Wisata Alam.","translated_text":"Carita Beach is a tourist attraction located in Pandeglang County and has been designated by the Ministry of Agriculture's Decree No.440/kpts/UM/1978 on 15 July 1978 as a Natural Tourism Park.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pantai ini terkenal dengan pasir pantainya yang putih sehingga membuat kawasan ini sering dikunjungi oleh wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara.","translated_text":"The beach is famous for its white sand, which makes it frequented by both local and foreign tourists.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pantai Carita kaya akan sumber daya alamnya.","translated_text":"Story Beach is rich in its natural resources.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hamparan tepian yang amat landai dengan ombak laut yang kecil dan lembut menyapu di sepanjang pantai, dipadu dengan pemandangan Gunung Krakatau.","translated_text":"The vast stretch of coastline is swollen with small, gentle sea waves sweeping along the coast, blending in with the view of Mount Krakatau.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jarak tempuh dari Jakarta ke Pantai Carita sekitar 130 km dapat melalui jalan tol Jakarta-Merak dan keluar di gerbang tol Cilegon Timur.","translated_text":"The walking distance from Jakarta to Carita Beach is about 130 km via the Jakarta-Merak highway and exits at the Cilegon East highway gate.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fasilitas di Pantai Carita cukup lengkap yaitu Banana boat, snorkling, papan seluncur, diving, dan fasilitas lainnya.","translated_text":"Facilities on Story Beach are quite complete: Banana boat, snorkeling, skateboarding, diving, and other facilities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Banyak juga penginapan-penginapan sepanjang pesisir pantai dan atau rumah-rumah warga yang difungsikan untuk penginapan.","translated_text":"There are also many lodgings along the coast and or residents' houses that are operated for lodging.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Carita Kategori:Carita, Pandeglang Kategori:Tempat wisata di Banten","translated_text":"Categories:Critical and literary","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Suku Thai","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Bangkok-1965-034_hg.jpg|jmpl|ka|Penari suku Thai]]'''Suku Thai''' atau '''suku Siam''' adalah kelompok suku terbesar di Thailand.<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref><ref name=\"thaieveryculture\">{{en}}[http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Thailand.html Siamese, Central Tai], ''everyculture.com''. 2016-08-27</ref><ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref> Bahasa suku Thai berkerabat dengan keluarga [[Bahasa Tai-Kadai]] yang tersebar di Tiongkok Selatan dan Asia Tenggara. Terdapat sekitar 30 sub-grup suku Thai yang mendiami Thailand menurut daerahnya di Thailand Utara, Thailand Tengah, Thailand Selatan dan Thailand Timur Laut.<ref name=\"thaiworld\"/> Istilah \"Thai\" sebenarnya lebih bernuansa politis, yang menunjukkan identitas negara Thailand modern dimana di dalamnya terdiri dari gabungan berbagai budaya dan suku bangsa.<ref name=\"thaiworld\"/>\n\nSebagai akibat dari [[Mandat kebudayaan Thailand|kebijakan pemerintah]] pada tahun 1930an dan 1940an yang berhasil meng[[asimilasi paksa]] berbagai macam kelompok etno-linguistik di negara tersebut ke dalam bahasa dan budaya Thai Tengah yang dominan, istilah ''orang Thai'' juga dapat mengacu pada [[Demografi Thailand|populasi Thailand]] secara keseluruhan. Istilah ini juga mencakup subkelompok dari kelompok etno-linguistik Tai, seperti [[Orang Thai Utara|orang Yuan]] dan [[orang Isan]], serta berbagai kelompok non-Asia Tenggara dan non-Tai, yang terbesar di antaranya adalah [[Orang Tionghoa di Thailand|Tionghoa Han]], yang membentuk kelompok etnik minoritas besar di Thailand.\n\n== Sejarah ==\n{{Main|Sejarah Thailand|Sejarah Yunnan}}\nNenek moyang suku Thai modern adalah bangsa penutur bahasa Tai yang tinggal di pegunungan sebelah selatan [[Sungai Yangtze]] di Provinsi [[Yunnan]], Tiongkok.<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\"/> Catatan sejarah Tiongkok menuliskan bahwa bangsa Thai telah ada sejak abad ke-6 SM. Pada abad pertama Masehi bangsa Tai memiliki komunitas-komunitas tersebar yang dipimpin seorang tuan tanah yang kuat.<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\"/>\n\n[[Nanzhao|Kerajaan Nanzhao]] yang multi-etnis tumbuh pada abad ke 7 M. Kerajaan ini berkembang pesat dan berbenturan dengan Dinasti-dinasti Tiongkok. Mulai periode ini kelompok-kelompok bangsa Tai keluar dari Yunnan menuju [[Burma]] (dikenal dengan [[Orang Shan]]) dan daerah bagian hulu [[Sungai Mekong]] (dikenal dengan nama [[Orang Lao]]).<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\"/> Di Vietnam, Bangsa Tai membentuk grup Tai Dam (Tai Hitam), Tai Deng (Tai Merah), Tai Khao (Tai Putih) dan Nung. Namun sebagian besar bangsa Tai tinggal di bagian utara dan barat wilayah [[Kerajaan Khmer]]. Bangsa Thai secara tradisional menganggap waktu pendirian [[Kerajaan Sukhothai]] sebagai berdirinya bangsa mereka. Tahun 1238 kepala suku Tai menaklukkan Khmer di Sukhothai dan mendirikan kerajaan bangsa Thai.<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\"/>\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/en/thai-people/north-thailand-people/index.cfm Orang Thailand Utara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618135116/http://www.thailandsworld.com/en/thai-people/north-thailand-people/index.cfm |date=2016-06-18 }}\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Thailand]]","hash":"10b40c0234215a6078cf2a976ecea3cbcd05fe42defca986a5afbf25d2044aeb","last_revision":"2023-11-22T06:06:01Z","first_revision":"2005-08-22T04:05:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.233901","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Thai (volk)","ar":"تايلانديون","arz":"تايلانديين","bew":"Orang Siam","bg":"Таи","ca":"Tailandesos","cs":"Thajci","de":"Thai (Ethnie)","en":"Thai people","eo":"Tajoj","es":"Tailandeses","et":"Tailased","eu":"Thailandiar","fa":"مردم تایلند","fi":"Thait","fr":"Thaï (peuple)","ga":"Téalannaigh","he":"תאילנדים","hi":"थाई लोग","hr":"Thai","it":"Thai","ja":"小タイ族","kge":"Jolma Thai","km":"ជនជាតិថៃ","ko":"타이인","ky":"Тайлар","lo":"ໄທສະຫຍາມ","lt":"Tajai","ml":"തായ് ജനത","mn":"Тай (үндэстэн)","ms":"Orang Thai","my":"ထိုင်းလူမျိုး","nl":"Thai (volk)","os":"Тайаг адæм","pl":"Tajowie","pt":"Tai (grupo étnico)","ro":"Thailandezi","ru":"Тайцы","sah":"Таайдар","sh":"Tajci","simple":"Thai people","sq":"Tai","sr":"Тајци","sv":"Thai (etnisk grupp)","th":"ไทยสยาม","tr":"Taylar","ug":"تايلاندلىقلار","uk":"Тайці","uz":"Tailar","vi":"Người Thái (Thái Lan)","zh":"暹羅泰族","zh-min-nan":"Thài-cho̍k","zh-yue":"泰族"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Suku Thai atau suku Siam adalah kelompok suku terbesar di Thailand. Bahasa suku Thai berkerabat dengan keluarga Bahasa Tai-Kadai yang tersebar di Tiongkok Selatan dan Asia Tenggara. Terdapat sekitar 30 sub-grup suku Thai yang mendiami Thailand menurut daerahnya di Thailand Utara, Thailand Tengah, Thailand Selatan dan Thailand Timur Laut. Istilah \"Thai\" sebenarnya lebih bernuansa politis, yang menunjukkan identitas negara Thailand modern dimana di dalamnya terdiri dari gabungan berbagai budaya dan suku bangsa.\n\nSebagai akibat dari kebijakan pemerintah pada tahun 1930an dan 1940an yang berhasil mengasimilasi paksa berbagai macam kelompok etno-linguistik di negara tersebut ke dalam bahasa dan budaya Thai Tengah yang dominan, istilah orang Thai juga dapat mengacu pada populasi Thailand secara keseluruhan. Istilah ini juga mencakup subkelompok dari kelompok etno-linguistik Tai, seperti orang Yuan dan orang Isan, serta berbagai kelompok non-Asia Tenggara dan non-Tai, yang terbesar di antaranya adalah Tionghoa Han, yang membentuk kelompok etnik minoritas besar di Thailand.\n\nNenek moyang suku Thai modern adalah bangsa penutur bahasa Tai yang tinggal di pegunungan sebelah selatan Sungai Yangtze di Provinsi Yunnan, Tiongkok. Catatan sejarah Tiongkok menuliskan bahwa bangsa Thai telah ada sejak abad ke-6 SM. Pada abad pertama Masehi bangsa Tai memiliki komunitas-komunitas tersebar yang dipimpin seorang tuan tanah yang kuat.\n\nKerajaan Nanzhao yang multi-etnis tumbuh pada abad ke 7 M. Kerajaan ini berkembang pesat dan berbenturan dengan Dinasti-dinasti Tiongkok. Mulai periode ini kelompok-kelompok bangsa Tai keluar dari Yunnan menuju Burma (dikenal dengan Orang Shan) dan daerah bagian hulu Sungai Mekong (dikenal dengan nama Orang Lao). Di Vietnam, Bangsa Tai membentuk grup Tai Dam (Tai Hitam), Tai Deng (Tai Merah), Tai Khao (Tai Putih) dan Nung. Namun sebagian besar bangsa Tai tinggal di bagian utara dan barat wilayah Kerajaan Khmer. Bangsa Thai secara tradisional menganggap waktu pendirian Kerajaan Sukhothai sebagai berdirinya bangsa mereka. Tahun 1238 kepala suku Tai menaklukkan Khmer di Sukhothai dan mendirikan kerajaan bangsa Thai.\n\nOrang Thailand Utara\n\nKategori:Suku bangsa di Thailand\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Suku Thai atau suku Siam adalah kelompok suku terbesar di Thailand.","translated_text":"The Thai or Siamese are the largest ethnic group in Thailand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"thaieveryculture\">{{en}}[http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Thailand.html Siamese, Central Tai], ''everyculture.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaieveryculture","url":"http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Thailand.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129268,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.247835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91455078125},{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa suku Thai berkerabat dengan keluarga Bahasa Tai-Kadai yang tersebar di Tiongkok Selatan dan Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"The Thai language is related to the Tai-Kadai language family that is widespread in South China and Southeast Asia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat sekitar 30 sub-grup suku Thai yang mendiami Thailand menurut daerahnya di Thailand Utara, Thailand Tengah, Thailand Selatan dan Thailand Timur Laut.","translated_text":"There are about 30 sub-groups of Thai tribes inhabiting Thailand according to their area in Northern Thailand, Central Thailand, Southern Thailand and Northeastern Thailand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":157,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah \"Thai\" sebenarnya lebih bernuansa politis, yang menunjukkan identitas negara Thailand modern dimana di dalamnya terdiri dari gabungan berbagai budaya dan suku bangsa.","translated_text":"The term \"Thai\" is actually more of a political nuance, reflecting the identity of the modern nation of Thailand, which is made up of a combination of different cultures and ethnic groups.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai akibat dari kebijakan pemerintah pada tahun 1930an dan 1940an yang berhasil mengasimilasi paksa berbagai macam kelompok etno-linguistik di negara tersebut ke dalam bahasa dan budaya Thai Tengah yang dominan, istilah orang Thai juga dapat mengacu pada populasi Thailand secara keseluruhan.","translated_text":"As a result of government policies in the 1930s and 1940s that succeeded in forcibly assimilating various ethno-linguistic groups in the country into the dominant Central Thai language and culture, the term Thai can also refer to the overall Thai population.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah ini juga mencakup subkelompok dari kelompok etno-linguistik Tai, seperti orang Yuan dan orang Isan, serta berbagai kelompok non-Asia Tenggara dan non-Tai, yang terbesar di antaranya adalah Tionghoa Han, yang membentuk kelompok etnik minoritas besar di Thailand.","translated_text":"The term also includes subgroups of ethno-linguistic Tai groups, such as the Yuan and Isan peoples, as well as various non-Southeast Asian and non-Tai groups, the largest of which are Han Chinese, who form a large ethnic minority group in Thailand.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nenek moyang suku Thai modern adalah bangsa penutur bahasa Tai yang tinggal di pegunungan sebelah selatan Sungai Yangtze di Provinsi Yunnan, Tiongkok.","translated_text":"The ancestors of the modern Thai people were the Tai-speaking people who lived in the mountains south of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province, China.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Catatan sejarah Tiongkok menuliskan bahwa bangsa Thai telah ada sejak abad ke-6 SM.","translated_text":"Chinese historical records state that the Thai people have existed since the 6th century BC.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada abad pertama Masehi bangsa Tai memiliki komunitas-komunitas tersebar yang dipimpin seorang tuan tanah yang kuat.","translated_text":"In the first century AD, the Tai had scattered communities led by a powerful landlord.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kerajaan Nanzhao yang multi-etnis tumbuh pada abad ke 7 M. Kerajaan ini berkembang pesat dan berbenturan dengan Dinasti-dinasti Tiongkok.","translated_text":"The multi-ethnic Nanzhao Kingdom grew in the 7th century A.D. It expanded rapidly and clashed with the Chinese Dynasties.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mulai periode ini kelompok-kelompok bangsa Tai keluar dari Yunnan menuju Burma (dikenal dengan Orang Shan) dan daerah bagian hulu Sungai Mekong (dikenal dengan nama Orang Lao).","translated_text":"From this period on, Tai groups moved from Yunnan to Burma (known as the Shan people) and the upper Mekong River area (known as the Lao people).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":176,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Vietnam, Bangsa Tai membentuk grup Tai Dam (Tai Hitam), Tai Deng (Tai Merah), Tai Khao (Tai Putih) dan Nung.","translated_text":"In Vietnam, the Tai people formed the groups Tai Dam (Black Tai), Tai Deng (Red Tai), Tai Khao (White Tai) and Nung.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun sebagian besar bangsa Tai tinggal di bagian utara dan barat wilayah Kerajaan Khmer.","translated_text":"However, most of the Tai people live in the northern and western parts of the Khmer Empire.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bangsa Thai secara tradisional menganggap waktu pendirian Kerajaan Sukhothai sebagai berdirinya bangsa mereka.","translated_text":"The Thai people traditionally regard the time of the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom as the founding of their nation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1238 kepala suku Tai menaklukkan Khmer di Sukhothai dan mendirikan kerajaan bangsa Thai.","translated_text":"In 1238 the Tai chief conquered the Khmers in Sukhothai and established the Thai kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Orang Thailand Utara","translated_text":"Northern Thais","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618135116/http://www.thailandsworld.com/en/thai-people/north-thailand-people/index.cfm |date=2016-06-18 }}","char_index":20,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160618135116/http://www.thailandsworld.com/en/thai-people/north-thailand-people/index.cfm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.664861-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Thailand","translated_text":"Categories: Ethnic groups in Thailand","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Suku Thai atau suku Siam adalah kelompok suku terbesar di Thailand.","translated_text":"The Thai or Siamese are the largest ethnic group in Thailand.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"thaieveryculture\">{{en}}[http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Thailand.html Siamese, Central Tai], ''everyculture.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaieveryculture","url":"http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Thailand.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":129268,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.247835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91455078125},{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}]},{"text":"Suku Thai atau suku Siam adalah kelompok suku terbesar di Thailand. Bahasa suku Thai berkerabat dengan keluarga Bahasa Tai-Kadai yang tersebar di Tiongkok Selatan dan Asia Tenggara. Terdapat sekitar 30 sub-grup suku Thai yang mendiami Thailand menurut daerahnya di Thailand Utara, Thailand Tengah, Thailand Selatan dan Thailand Timur Laut.","translated_text":"The Thai or Siamese are the largest ethnic group in Thailand. The Thai language is related to the Tai-Kadai language family that is widespread in South China and Southeast Asia. There are about 30 sub-groups of Thai tribes inhabiting Thailand according to their area in Northern Thailand, Central Thailand, Southern Thailand and Northeastern Thailand.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":339,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bahasa suku Thai berkerabat dengan keluarga Bahasa Tai-Kadai yang tersebar di Tiongkok Selatan dan Asia Tenggara. Terdapat sekitar 30 sub-grup suku Thai yang mendiami Thailand menurut daerahnya di Thailand Utara, Thailand Tengah, Thailand Selatan dan Thailand Timur Laut. Istilah \"Thai\" sebenarnya lebih bernuansa politis, yang menunjukkan identitas negara Thailand modern dimana di dalamnya terdiri dari gabungan berbagai budaya dan suku bangsa.","translated_text":"The Thai language is related to the Tai-Kadai language family that is widespread in South China and Southeast Asia. There are about 30 sub-groups of Thai tribes inhabiting Thailand according to their area in Northern Thailand, Central Thailand, Southern Thailand and Northeastern Thailand. The term \"Thai\" is actually more of a political nuance, reflecting the identity of the modern nation of Thailand, which is made up of a combination of different cultures and ethnic groups.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaiworld\">{{en}}[http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 Thai People Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617123554/http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3 |date=2016-06-17 }}, ''thailandsworld.com''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":446,"name":"thaiworld","url":"http://www.thailandsworld.com/index.cfm?p=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:48.185547-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nenek moyang suku Thai modern adalah bangsa penutur bahasa Tai yang tinggal di pegunungan sebelah selatan Sungai Yangtze di Provinsi Yunnan, Tiongkok.","translated_text":"The ancestors of the modern Thai people were the Tai-speaking people who lived in the mountains south of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province, China.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}]},{"text":"Nenek moyang suku Thai modern adalah bangsa penutur bahasa Tai yang tinggal di pegunungan sebelah selatan Sungai Yangtze di Provinsi Yunnan, Tiongkok. Catatan sejarah Tiongkok menuliskan bahwa bangsa Thai telah ada sejak abad ke-6 SM. Pada abad pertama Masehi bangsa Tai memiliki komunitas-komunitas tersebar yang dipimpin seorang tuan tanah yang kuat.","translated_text":"The ancestors of the modern Thai people were the Tai-speaking people who lived in the mountains south of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province, China. Chinese historical records state that the Thai people have existed since the 6th century BC. In the first century AD, the Tai had scattered communities led by a powerful landlord.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":352,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}]},{"text":"Kerajaan Nanzhao yang multi-etnis tumbuh pada abad ke 7 M. Kerajaan ini berkembang pesat dan berbenturan dengan Dinasti-dinasti Tiongkok. Mulai periode ini kelompok-kelompok bangsa Tai keluar dari Yunnan menuju Burma (dikenal dengan Orang Shan) dan daerah bagian hulu Sungai Mekong (dikenal dengan nama Orang Lao).","translated_text":"The multi-ethnic Nanzhao Kingdom grew in the 7th century A.D. It expanded rapidly and clashed with the Chinese Dynasties. From this period on, Tai groups moved from Yunnan to Burma (known as the Shan people) and the upper Mekong River area (known as the Lao people).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":314,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}]},{"text":"Namun sebagian besar bangsa Tai tinggal di bagian utara dan barat wilayah Kerajaan Khmer. Bangsa Thai secara tradisional menganggap waktu pendirian Kerajaan Sukhothai sebagai berdirinya bangsa mereka. Tahun 1238 kepala suku Tai menaklukkan Khmer di Sukhothai dan mendirikan kerajaan bangsa Thai.","translated_text":"However, most of the Tai people live in the northern and western parts of the Khmer Empire. The Thai people traditionally regard the time of the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom as the founding of their nation. In 1238 the Tai chief conquered the Khmers in Sukhothai and established the Thai kingdom.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"thaistudy-history\">{{en}}[http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm The Tai People: Origins and Migrations], ''countrystudies.us''. 2016-08-27</ref>","char_index":295,"name":"thaistudy-history","url":"http://countrystudies.us/thailand/5.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.566524-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}]},{"text":"Orang Thailand Utara","translated_text":"Northern Thais","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618135116/http://www.thailandsworld.com/en/thai-people/north-thailand-people/index.cfm |date=2016-06-18 }}","char_index":20,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160618135116/http://www.thailandsworld.com/en/thai-people/north-thailand-people/index.cfm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.664861-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pulo Brayan","wikicode":"{{Underlinked|date=Maret 2016}}\n{{kembangkan}}\n'''Pulo Brayan''' adalah nama wilayah/[[kelurahan]] dalam kawasan Kecamatan [[Medan Barat]] selain Kelurahan [[Glugur Kota, Medan Barat, Medan|Glugur Kota]], Kelurahan [[Karang Berombak, Medan Barat, Medan|Karang Berombak]], Kelurahan [[Kesawan, Medan Barat, Medan|Kesawan]], Kelurahan [[Sei Agul, Medan Barat, Medan|Sei Agul]], dan Kelurahan [[Silalas, Medan Barat, Medan|Silalas]]. Pulo Brayan meliputi kira-kira 4 kelurahan yang berdekatan. Pulau ini memiliki luas 6,82&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> . Pada tahun 2010 tingkat kepadatan penduduk di pulau ini mencapai 10.376,98 jiwa/km<sup>2</sup> . \n\nTerletak di kawasan padat penduduk, tepatnya 5&nbsp;km dari pusat [[Kota Medan]], Pulau Brayan dikenal dengan kawasan pasar yang selalu ramai baik pada hari biasa maupun hari libur. Kawasan pasar dan pertokoan tersebut juga dikenal dengan \"Pajak Brayan\", berlokasi di pangkal bilangan Jalan Kl. Yos Sudarso, berbatasan dengan kawasan-kawasan lain seperti Jl. Bilal dan Helvetia, Medan Barat.\n\nPenamaan Pulau Brayan memiliki riwayat tersendiri. Pulau Brayan merupakan serapan dari bahasa Melayu yang artinya Pulau dan Berayun. Pada awalnya, Pulau Brayan ini adalah sebuah pulau kecil yang dikelilingi oleh sungai, yang tak lain adalah [[Sungai Deli]]. Karena ukurannya yang kecil, pulau ini sering terlihat bergoyang-goyang seperti perahu, sehingga disebut-sebut sebagai pulau yang berayun, atau dalam Bahasa Melayu, \"Pulo Berayun\". Lama-kelamaan, lidah masyarakat telah terbiasa mengucapkannya Pulo Brayan saja, sehingga jadilah Pulo Brayan dikenal demikian hingga sekarang.\n\nSedikit yang berhubungan langsung dengan asal-usul Pulo Brayan, seperti bahwa [[Guru Patimpus]], putera karo bermarga Sembiring Pelawi, yang mendirikan sebuah kampung bernama Kampung Medan Putri sekitar tahun 1590-an. Guru Patimpus memiliki isteri seorang putri Datuk Pulo Brayan.\nLebih lanjut, disebutkan pada masa lalu, Kota Medan adalah titik pertemuan dua buah sungai yaitu Sungai Deli dan [[Sungai Babura]]. Ini rasanya cukup menjelaskan bahwa Kota Medan pada masa lalu memiliki lebih banyak kawasan perairan.\n\nBagaimanapun ceritanya, Pulo Brayan masih menjadi salah satu pusat perekonomian masyarakat Medan Barat dan sekitarnya. Kebetulan, beberapa orang menyebutnya \"Titi Brayan\", secara etimologis berarti titi yang berayun.\n{{Medan Timur, Medan}}\n{{sumut-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Medan Timur, Medan]]\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Sumatera Utara]]","hash":"d6bf9043ab0cffc6e491955f1fdc4e56c2743ae71d444ebb9ab2bc8e55bf6f2c","last_revision":"2023-09-30T02:09:36Z","first_revision":"2005-11-01T03:01:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.289808","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Pulo Brayan adalah nama wilayah/kelurahan dalam kawasan Kecamatan Medan Barat selain Kelurahan Glugur Kota, Kelurahan Karang Berombak, Kelurahan Kesawan, Kelurahan Sei Agul, dan Kelurahan Silalas. Pulo Brayan meliputi kira-kira 4 kelurahan yang berdekatan. Pulau ini memiliki luas 6,82 km² . Pada tahun 2010 tingkat kepadatan penduduk di pulau ini mencapai 10.376,98 jiwa/km² .\n\nTerletak di kawasan padat penduduk, tepatnya 5 km dari pusat Kota Medan, Pulau Brayan dikenal dengan kawasan pasar yang selalu ramai baik pada hari biasa maupun hari libur. Kawasan pasar dan pertokoan tersebut juga dikenal dengan \"Pajak Brayan\", berlokasi di pangkal bilangan Jalan Kl. Yos Sudarso, berbatasan dengan kawasan-kawasan lain seperti Jl. Bilal dan Helvetia, Medan Barat.\n\nPenamaan Pulau Brayan memiliki riwayat tersendiri. Pulau Brayan merupakan serapan dari bahasa Melayu yang artinya Pulau dan Berayun. Pada awalnya, Pulau Brayan ini adalah sebuah pulau kecil yang dikelilingi oleh sungai, yang tak lain adalah Sungai Deli. Karena ukurannya yang kecil, pulau ini sering terlihat bergoyang-goyang seperti perahu, sehingga disebut-sebut sebagai pulau yang berayun, atau dalam Bahasa Melayu, \"Pulo Berayun\". Lama-kelamaan, lidah masyarakat telah terbiasa mengucapkannya Pulo Brayan saja, sehingga jadilah Pulo Brayan dikenal demikian hingga sekarang.\n\nSedikit yang berhubungan langsung dengan asal-usul Pulo Brayan, seperti bahwa Guru Patimpus, putera karo bermarga Sembiring Pelawi, yang mendirikan sebuah kampung bernama Kampung Medan Putri sekitar tahun 1590-an. Guru Patimpus memiliki isteri seorang putri Datuk Pulo Brayan. Lebih lanjut, disebutkan pada masa lalu, Kota Medan adalah titik pertemuan dua buah sungai yaitu Sungai Deli dan Sungai Babura. Ini rasanya cukup menjelaskan bahwa Kota Medan pada masa lalu memiliki lebih banyak kawasan perairan.\n\nBagaimanapun ceritanya, Pulo Brayan masih menjadi salah satu pusat perekonomian masyarakat Medan Barat dan sekitarnya. Kebetulan, beberapa orang menyebutnya \"Titi Brayan\", secara etimologis berarti titi yang berayun.\n\nKategori:Medan Timur, Medan Kategori:Sejarah Sumatera Utara\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pulo Brayan adalah nama wilayah/kelurahan dalam kawasan Kecamatan Medan Barat selain Kelurahan Glugur Kota, Kelurahan Karang Berombak, Kelurahan Kesawan, Kelurahan Sei Agul, dan Kelurahan Silalas.","translated_text":"Brayan Island is the name of a region/village in the West Medan District in addition to Glugur City Kelurahan, Berombak Karang Kelurahan, Kesawan Kelurahan, Sei Agul Kelurahan, and Silalas Kelurahan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pulo Brayan meliputi kira-kira 4 kelurahan yang berdekatan.","translated_text":"Brayan Island comprises about 4 adjacent villages.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pulau ini memiliki luas 6,82 km² .","translated_text":"The island has an area of 6.82 km2.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2010 tingkat kepadatan penduduk di pulau ini mencapai 10.376,98 jiwa/km² .","translated_text":"In 2010 the population density of the island reached 10,376.98 persons/km2.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terletak di kawasan padat penduduk, tepatnya 5 km dari pusat Kota Medan, Pulau Brayan dikenal dengan kawasan pasar yang selalu ramai baik pada hari biasa maupun hari libur.","translated_text":"Located in a densely populated area, exactly 5 km from the center of Medan City, Brayan Island is known for its busy market area both on ordinary days and on holidays.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kawasan pasar dan pertokoan tersebut juga dikenal dengan \"Pajak Brayan\", berlokasi di pangkal bilangan Jalan Kl. Yos Sudarso, berbatasan dengan kawasan-kawasan lain seperti Jl. Bilal dan Helvetia, Medan Barat.","translated_text":"The market and shopping area is also known as \"Pajak Brayan\", located at the foot of the numbered Road Kl. Yos Sudarso, bordering other areas such as Jl. Bilal and Helvetia, West Medan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penamaan Pulau Brayan memiliki riwayat tersendiri.","translated_text":"The name Brayan Island has a history of its own.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pulau Brayan merupakan serapan dari bahasa Melayu yang artinya Pulau dan Berayun.","translated_text":"Brayan Island is a colloquial Malayan word meaning Island and Berayun.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, Pulau Brayan ini adalah sebuah pulau kecil yang dikelilingi oleh sungai, yang tak lain adalah Sungai Deli.","translated_text":"Originally, Brayan Island was a small island surrounded by a river, none other than the Deli River.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena ukurannya yang kecil, pulau ini sering terlihat bergoyang-goyang seperti perahu, sehingga disebut-sebut sebagai pulau yang berayun, atau dalam Bahasa Melayu, \"Pulo Berayun\".","translated_text":"Because of its small size, the island is often seen rocking like a boat, so it is referred to as a swinging island, or in Malay, \"Swinging Island\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lama-kelamaan, lidah masyarakat telah terbiasa mengucapkannya Pulo Brayan saja, sehingga jadilah Pulo Brayan dikenal demikian hingga sekarang.","translated_text":"Over time, the language of the people used to speak only Brayan Island, so that Brayan Island is known as such to this day.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sedikit yang berhubungan langsung dengan asal-usul Pulo Brayan, seperti bahwa Guru Patimpus, putera karo bermarga Sembiring Pelawi, yang mendirikan sebuah kampung bernama Kampung Medan Putri sekitar tahun 1590-an.","translated_text":"Few are directly related to the origins of Brayan Island, such as that of Guru Patimpus, son of the same name as Pelawi, who founded a village called Kampung Medan Putri around the 1590s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Guru Patimpus memiliki isteri seorang putri Datuk Pulo Brayan.","translated_text":"Master Patimpus had a wife a daughter of Grandfather Brayan Island.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lebih lanjut, disebutkan pada masa lalu, Kota Medan adalah titik pertemuan dua buah sungai yaitu Sungai Deli dan Sungai Babura.","translated_text":"Furthermore, mentioned in the past, the Medan City is the meeting point of two rivers namely the Deli River and the Babura River.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini rasanya cukup menjelaskan bahwa Kota Medan pada masa lalu memiliki lebih banyak kawasan perairan.","translated_text":"This seems to explain enough that Field City in the past had more water areas.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagaimanapun ceritanya, Pulo Brayan masih menjadi salah satu pusat perekonomian masyarakat Medan Barat dan sekitarnya.","translated_text":"Regardless of the story, Brayan Island remains one of the economic centers of the West Medan community and its environs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kebetulan, beberapa orang menyebutnya \"Titi Brayan\", secara etimologis berarti titi yang berayun.","translated_text":"Incidentally, some people call her \"Titi Brayan\", etymologically meaning swinging tits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Medan Timur, Medan Kategori:Sejarah Sumatera Utara","translated_text":":East Medan, Fields Category:History of North Sumatra","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bessi Tessu","wikicode":"{{kembangkan}}\n{{noref}}\n'''Bessi Tessu''' atau '''Tausau''' adalah satu jenis [[besi]] dalam bentuk [[keris]] yang dikenal di daerah [[Kabupaten Luwu|Luwu]]. Asal besse tausau ini berasal dari daerah Ussu Luwu Timur [[Sulawesi Selatan]].{{cn}}\n\n[[Kategori:Keris]]\n\n\n{{seni-stub}}","hash":"1e6c41f24f8ef025aec15300970b66f06acef7f1c26818a941f46bbaeb3326b4","last_revision":"2023-03-18T17:30:42Z","first_revision":"2006-03-09T17:29:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.340204","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Bessi Tessu atau Tausau adalah satu jenis besi dalam bentuk keris yang dikenal di daerah Luwu. Asal besse tausau ini berasal dari daerah Ussu Luwu Timur Sulawesi Selatan.\n\nKategori:Keris\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bessi Tessu atau Tausau adalah satu jenis besi dalam bentuk keris yang dikenal di daerah Luwu.","translated_text":"Bessi Tessu or Tausau is a type of wrought iron known in the Luwu region.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asal besse tausau ini berasal dari daerah Ussu Luwu Timur Sulawesi Selatan.","translated_text":"The origin of this iron ore comes from the Ussu Luwu region of East South Sulawesi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[{"type":"citation-needed","content":"{{cn}}","char_index":75}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Keris","translated_text":"Categories: Spanish","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Jaringan Islam Liberal","wikicode":"{{rapikan}}\n{{Infobox Organization\n|name         = Jaringan Islam Liberal\n|image        = \n|size         = 200px\n|alt          = Logo JIL\n|caption      = \n|map          = LocationIndonesia.svg\n|msize        = 200px\n|malt         = World map\n|mcaption     = Wilayah pengaruh\n|formation    = \n|founder      = [[Luthfi Assyaukanie]], [[Ulil Abshar Abdalla]], Nong Darol Mahmada\n|type         = Lembaga\n|purpose      = Jaringan sosial\n|headquarters = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]\n|location     = \n|coords       = {{coord|-6.194640| 106.8683378| display=inline,JIL Location}}\n|region_served =[[Indonesia]]\n|membership   = \n|leader_title = Pemimpin\n|leader_name  = \n|website      = \n}}\n\n'''Jaringan Islam Liberal''' adalah forum terbuka untuk membahas dan menyebarluaskan konsep [[liberalisme]] [[Islam]] di [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim legal thought in modern Indonesia|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen|first=R. Michael|last=Feener|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|ISBN=0-521-87775-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210 210]}}</ref>\n\n== Prinsip ==\nPrinsip yang dianut oleh {{PAGENAME}} yaitu [[Islam]] yang menekankan kebebasan pribadi dan pembebasan dari struktur sosial-politik yang menindas. \"[[Liberal]]\" di sini bermakna dua: kebebasan dan pembebasan. {{PAGENAME}} percaya bahwa Islam selalu dilekati kata sifat, sebab pada kenyataannya Islam di[[tafsir]]kan secara berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kebutuhan penafsirnya. {{PAGENAME}} memilih satu jenis tafsir, dan dengan demikian satu kata sifat terhadap Islam, yaitu \"liberal\".\n\n== Sejarah ==\nMenurut Charless Kurzman islam liberal telah muncul sekitar abad ke-18 saat kerajaan [[Turki Utsmani]] Dinasti Shafawi dan Dinasti [[Kesultanan Mughal|Mughal]] tengah berada di gerbang keruntuhan. Pada saat itu tampilah para ulama untuk mengadakan gerakan pemurnian, kembali kepada [[al-Quran]] dan [[Sunnah]]. Pada saat ini muncullah cikal bakal paham liberal awal melalui Syah Waliyullah (India, 1703-1762), menurutnya Islam harus mengikuti adat lokal suatu tempat sesuai dengan kebutuhan penduduknya. Hal ini juga terjadi di kalangan [[Syiah]]. Aqa Muhammad Bihbihani ([[Iran]], [[1790]]) mulai berani mendobrak pintu [[ijtihad]] dan membukanya lebar-lebar.\n\nDi [[Indonesia]] muncul [[Nurcholish Madjid|Nurcholis Madjid]] (murid dari Fazlur Rahman di [[Chicago]]) yang memelopori gerakan firqah liberal bersama dengan Djohan Efendi, Ahmad Wahib dan [[Abdurrahman Wahid]]. ([[Adian Husaini]] dalam makalah Islam Liberal dan misinya menukil dari Greg Barton. [[Nurcholis Madjid]] telah memulai gagasan pembaruannya sejak tahun [[1970-an]]. Pada saat itu ia telah menyuarakan [[pluralisme]] agama dengan menyatakan: Rasanya toleransi agama hanya akan tumbuh di atas dasar paham kenisbian ([[relativisme]]) bentuk-bentuk [[formal]] [[agama]] ini dan pengakuan bersama akan kemutlakan suatu nilai yang universal, yang mengarah kepada setiap manusia, yang kiranya merupakan inti setiap agama.<ref>Nurcholis Madjid: 239</ref>\n\nMenurut koordinator JIL Novriantoni Kahar dan Ulil, pergerakan JIL memeperoleh sumbangan dari organisasi [[:en:The Asia Foundation|The Asia Foundation]] sekitar Rp. 1.400.000.000 dari tahun 2001-2005<ref>[http://www.salam-online.com/2012/03/fenomena-fauzi-baadilla-gue-juga-pengen-masuk-surga.html]</ref>\n\n== Konflik ==\n\n\n[[Ulil Abshar Abdalla]], seorang tokoh [[Islam Liberal]] di Indonesia, menolak penafsiran agama yang tidak pluralis atau bertentangan dengan demokrasi yang menurutnya berpotensi merusak pemikiran Islam. Ia mengkritik [[MUI]] telah memonopoli penafsiran Islam di Indonesia, terutama karena fatwa yang menyatakan bahwa [[Pluralisme]], [[Liberalisme]], dan [[Sekularisme]] adalah ideologi sesat.<ref name=\"kontroversi\">{{cite paper|title=Kontroversi Pemikiran Islam Liberal Di Indonesia|first=Yusuf|last=Purple|language=id|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/113318562/Kontroversi-Pemikiran-Islam-Liberal-Di-Indonesia|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/12.-Pluralisme-Liberalisme-dan-Sekularisme-Agama.pdf |title=Fatwa MUI |access-date=2015-04-13 |archive-date=2014-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630104413/http://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/12.-Pluralisme-Liberalisme-dan-Sekularisme-Agama.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Goenawan Mohamad]]\n* [[Mohamad Guntur Romli]]\n* [[Nong Darol Mahmada]]\n* [[Indonesia Tanpa JIL]], sebuah gerakan perlawanan terhadap JIL\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* http://islamlib.com/\n\n[[Kategori:Jaringan Islam Liberal| ]]","hash":"1c27383ff6f1fd0e467ea9b9d5f9b6fe6099aa60512a516d95e6474245f5469c","last_revision":"2024-01-07T03:59:15Z","first_revision":"2005-09-17T00:43:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.390790","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"الشبكة الإسلامية الليبرالية (إندونيسيا)","en":"Jaringan Islam Liberal","fr":"Réseau de l'islam libéral","ms":"Jaringan Islam Liberal"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Jaringan Islam Liberal adalah forum terbuka untuk membahas dan menyebarluaskan konsep liberalisme Islam di Indonesia.\n\nPrinsip yang dianut oleh yaitu Islam yang menekankan kebebasan pribadi dan pembebasan dari struktur sosial-politik yang menindas. \"Liberal\" di sini bermakna dua: kebebasan dan pembebasan. percaya bahwa Islam selalu dilekati kata sifat, sebab pada kenyataannya Islam ditafsirkan secara berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kebutuhan penafsirnya. memilih satu jenis tafsir, dan dengan demikian satu kata sifat terhadap Islam, yaitu \"liberal\".\n\nMenurut Charless Kurzman islam liberal telah muncul sekitar abad ke-18 saat kerajaan Turki Utsmani Dinasti Shafawi dan Dinasti Mughal tengah berada di gerbang keruntuhan. Pada saat itu tampilah para ulama untuk mengadakan gerakan pemurnian, kembali kepada al-Quran dan Sunnah. Pada saat ini muncullah cikal bakal paham liberal awal melalui Syah Waliyullah (India, 1703-1762), menurutnya Islam harus mengikuti adat lokal suatu tempat sesuai dengan kebutuhan penduduknya. Hal ini juga terjadi di kalangan Syiah. Aqa Muhammad Bihbihani (Iran, 1790) mulai berani mendobrak pintu ijtihad dan membukanya lebar-lebar.\n\nDi Indonesia muncul Nurcholis Madjid (murid dari Fazlur Rahman di Chicago) yang memelopori gerakan firqah liberal bersama dengan Djohan Efendi, Ahmad Wahib dan Abdurrahman Wahid. (Adian Husaini dalam makalah Islam Liberal dan misinya menukil dari Greg Barton. Nurcholis Madjid telah memulai gagasan pembaruannya sejak tahun 1970-an. Pada saat itu ia telah menyuarakan pluralisme agama dengan menyatakan: Rasanya toleransi agama hanya akan tumbuh di atas dasar paham kenisbian (relativisme) bentuk-bentuk formal agama ini dan pengakuan bersama akan kemutlakan suatu nilai yang universal, yang mengarah kepada setiap manusia, yang kiranya merupakan inti setiap agama.\n\nMenurut koordinator JIL Novriantoni Kahar dan Ulil, pergerakan JIL memeperoleh sumbangan dari organisasi The Asia Foundation sekitar Rp. 1.400.000.000 dari tahun 2001-2005\n\nUlil Abshar Abdalla, seorang tokoh Islam Liberal di Indonesia, menolak penafsiran agama yang tidak pluralis atau bertentangan dengan demokrasi yang menurutnya berpotensi merusak pemikiran Islam. Ia mengkritik MUI telah memonopoli penafsiran Islam di Indonesia, terutama karena fatwa yang menyatakan bahwa Pluralisme, Liberalisme, dan Sekularisme adalah ideologi sesat.\n\nGoenawan Mohamad Mohamad Guntur Romli Nong Darol Mahmada Indonesia Tanpa JIL, sebuah gerakan perlawanan terhadap JIL\n\nKategori:Jaringan Islam Liberal\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Organization\n|name         = Jaringan Islam Liberal\n|image        = \n|size         = 200px\n|alt          = Logo JIL\n|caption      = \n|map          = LocationIndonesia.svg\n|msize        = 200px\n|malt         = World map\n|mcaption     = Wilayah pengaruh\n|formation    = \n|founder      = [[Luthfi Assyaukanie]], [[Ulil Abshar Abdalla]], Nong Darol Mahmada\n|type         = Lembaga\n|purpose      = Jaringan sosial\n|headquarters = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]\n|location     = \n|coords       = {{coord|-6.194640| 106.8683378| display=inline,JIL Location}}\n|region_served =[[Indonesia]]\n|membership   = \n|leader_title = Pemimpin\n|leader_name  = \n|website      = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jaringan Islam Liberal adalah forum terbuka untuk membahas dan menyebarluaskan konsep liberalisme Islam di Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Liberal Islamic Network is an open forum for discussing and spreading the concept of Islamic liberalism in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim legal thought in modern Indonesia|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen|first=R. Michael|last=Feener|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|ISBN=0-521-87775-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210 210]}}</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":152874,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:08.680680-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (69 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim legal thought in modern Indonesia|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen|first=R. Michael|last=Feener|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|ISBN=0-521-87775-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210 210]}}</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":133362,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:09.248357-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (69 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prinsip","translated_text":"The Principle","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Prinsip yang dianut oleh yaitu Islam yang menekankan kebebasan pribadi dan pembebasan dari struktur sosial-politik yang menindas.","translated_text":"The principle adopted by Islam emphasizes personal freedom and liberation from oppressive socio-political structures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Liberal\" di sini bermakna dua: kebebasan dan pembebasan. percaya bahwa Islam selalu dilekati kata sifat, sebab pada kenyataannya Islam ditafsirkan secara berbeda-beda sesuai dengan kebutuhan penafsirnya. memilih satu jenis tafsir, dan dengan demikian satu kata sifat terhadap Islam, yaitu \"liberal\".","translated_text":"\"Liberal\" here means two things: freedom and liberation. Believing that Islam is always attached to the adjective, because in reality Islam is interpreted differently according to the needs of its interpreters. Choosing one type of interpretation, and thus one adjective for Islam, which is \"liberal\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Charless Kurzman islam liberal telah muncul sekitar abad ke-18 saat kerajaan Turki Utsmani Dinasti Shafawi dan Dinasti Mughal tengah berada di gerbang keruntuhan.","translated_text":"According to Charless Kurzman liberal Islam had emerged around the 18th century when the Ottoman Turkish kingdom of the Shafawi Dynasty and the Mughal Dynasty were on the brink of collapse.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat itu tampilah para ulama untuk mengadakan gerakan pemurnian, kembali kepada al-Quran dan Sunnah.","translated_text":"Then take the scholars to purify themselves, return to the Quran and Sunnah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat ini muncullah cikal bakal paham liberal awal melalui Syah Waliyullah (India, 1703-1762), menurutnya Islam harus mengikuti adat lokal suatu tempat sesuai dengan kebutuhan penduduknya.","translated_text":"It was at this time that the earliest liberal understanding of Islam emerged through Shah Waliyullah (India, 1703-1762), according to whom Islam must follow local customs somewhere according to the needs of its inhabitants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini juga terjadi di kalangan Syiah.","translated_text":"This is also the case among the Shiites.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aqa Muhammad Bihbihani (Iran, 1790) mulai berani mendobrak pintu ijtihad dan membukanya lebar-lebar.","translated_text":"Aqa Muhammad Bihbihani (Iran, 1790) dared to break through the door of the ijtihad and open it wide.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Indonesia muncul Nurcholis Madjid (murid dari Fazlur Rahman di Chicago) yang memelopori gerakan firqah liberal bersama dengan Djohan Efendi, Ahmad Wahib dan Abdurrahman Wahid.","translated_text":"In Indonesia emerged Nurcholis Madjid (a disciple of Fazlur Rahman in Chicago) who pioneered the liberal firqah movement along with Djohan Efendi, Ahmad Wahib and Abdurrahman Wahid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Adian Husaini dalam makalah Islam Liberal dan misinya menukil dari Greg Barton.","translated_text":"(Then Husaini in the Liberal Islam paper and his mission followed from Greg Barton.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nurcholis Madjid telah memulai gagasan pembaruannya sejak tahun 1970-an.","translated_text":"Nurcholis Madjid has started its renewal idea since the 1970s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat itu ia telah menyuarakan pluralisme agama dengan menyatakan: Rasanya toleransi agama hanya akan tumbuh di atas dasar paham kenisbian (relativisme) bentuk-bentuk formal agama ini dan pengakuan bersama akan kemutlakan suatu nilai yang universal, yang mengarah kepada setiap manusia, yang kiranya merupakan inti setiap agama.","translated_text":"At the time he had voiced religious pluralism by stating: \"I feel that religious tolerance will only grow on the basis of an understanding of the destiny (relativism) of these formal forms of religion and a common recognition will emerge of a universal value, leading to every human being, which is supposed to be the core of every religion.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Nurcholis Madjid: 239</ref>","char_index":332,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut koordinator JIL Novriantoni Kahar dan Ulil, pergerakan JIL memeperoleh sumbangan dari organisasi The Asia Foundation sekitar Rp. 1.400.000.000 dari tahun 2001-2005","translated_text":"According to JIL coordinators Novriantoni Kahar and Ulil, the JIL movement received donations from The Asia Foundation of about Rp1.4 billion from 2001-2005.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.salam-online.com/2012/03/fenomena-fauzi-baadilla-gue-juga-pengen-masuk-surga.html]</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"http://www.salam-online.com/2012/03/fenomena-fauzi-baadilla-gue-juga-pengen-masuk-surga.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":49870,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:09.662218-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.443115234375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Konflik","translated_text":"Conflict","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ulil Abshar Abdalla, seorang tokoh Islam Liberal di Indonesia, menolak penafsiran agama yang tidak pluralis atau bertentangan dengan demokrasi yang menurutnya berpotensi merusak pemikiran Islam.","translated_text":"Ulil Abshar Abdalla, a liberal Islamic figure in Indonesia, rejects any interpretation of religion that is not pluralistic or anti-democratic that he believes has the potential to undermine Islamic thought.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengkritik MUI telah memonopoli penafsiran Islam di Indonesia, terutama karena fatwa yang menyatakan bahwa Pluralisme, Liberalisme, dan Sekularisme adalah ideologi sesat.","translated_text":"He criticized the MUI for monopolizing the interpretation of Islam in Indonesia, mainly because of the fatwa stating that Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism were heretical ideologies.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"kontroversi\">{{cite paper|title=Kontroversi Pemikiran Islam Liberal Di Indonesia|first=Yusuf|last=Purple|language=id|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/113318562/Kontroversi-Pemikiran-Islam-Liberal-Di-Indonesia|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}</ref>","char_index":173,"name":"kontroversi","url":"http://www.scribd.com/doc/113318562/Kontroversi-Pemikiran-Islam-Liberal-Di-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Michael|last=Feener|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|ISBN=0-521-87775-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210 210]}}</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":152874,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:08.680680-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (69 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|title=Muslim legal thought in modern Indonesia|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen|first=R. Michael|last=Feener|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|ISBN=0-521-87775-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210 210]}}</ref>","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/muslimlegalthoug00feen/page/210","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":133362,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:09.248357-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (69 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(Adian Husaini dalam makalah Islam Liberal dan misinya menukil dari Greg Barton. Nurcholis Madjid telah memulai gagasan pembaruannya sejak tahun 1970-an. Pada saat itu ia telah menyuarakan pluralisme agama dengan menyatakan: Rasanya toleransi agama hanya akan tumbuh di atas dasar paham kenisbian (relativisme) bentuk-bentuk formal agama ini dan pengakuan bersama akan kemutlakan suatu nilai yang universal, yang mengarah kepada setiap manusia, yang kiranya merupakan inti setiap agama.","translated_text":"(Then Husaini in the Liberal Islam paper and his mission followed from Greg Barton. Nurcholis Madjid has started its renewal idea since the 1970s. At the time he had voiced religious pluralism by stating: \"I feel that religious tolerance will only grow on the basis of an understanding of the destiny (relativism) of these formal forms of religion and a common recognition will emerge of a universal value, leading to every human being, which is supposed to be the core of every religion.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Nurcholis Madjid: 239</ref>","char_index":486,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut koordinator JIL Novriantoni Kahar dan Ulil, pergerakan JIL memeperoleh sumbangan dari organisasi The Asia Foundation sekitar Rp. 1.400.000.000 dari tahun 2001-2005","translated_text":"According to JIL coordinators Novriantoni Kahar and Ulil, the JIL movement received donations from The Asia Foundation of about Rp1.4 billion from 2001-2005.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.salam-online.com/2012/03/fenomena-fauzi-baadilla-gue-juga-pengen-masuk-surga.html]</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"http://www.salam-online.com/2012/03/fenomena-fauzi-baadilla-gue-juga-pengen-masuk-surga.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":49870,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:09.662218-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.443115234375}]},{"text":"Ulil Abshar Abdalla, seorang tokoh Islam Liberal di Indonesia, menolak penafsiran agama yang tidak pluralis atau bertentangan dengan demokrasi yang menurutnya berpotensi merusak pemikiran Islam. Ia mengkritik MUI telah memonopoli penafsiran Islam di Indonesia, terutama karena fatwa yang menyatakan bahwa Pluralisme, Liberalisme, dan Sekularisme adalah ideologi sesat.","translated_text":"Ulil Abshar Abdalla, a liberal Islamic figure in Indonesia, rejects any interpretation of religion that is not pluralistic or anti-democratic that he believes has the potential to undermine Islamic thought. 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+{"title":"Viana do Castelo","wikicode":"{{Infobox settlement\n| official_name   = Viana do Castelo\n| native_name     =\n| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Portugal|Municipality]]\n| image_flag      = Pt-vct2.png\n| flag_alt        =\n| image_shield    = VCT.png\n| shield_alt      =\n| motto           =\n| image_skyline   = Viana do Castelo 2.JPG\n| imagesize       = 260px\n| image_alt       =\n| image_caption   =\n| pushpin_map     = <!-- Portugal -->\n| pushpin_label_position  =\n| pushpin_map_alt         =\n| pushpin_mapsize         =\n| pushpin_caption = Location in Portugal\n| latd  = 41 |latm  = 42 |latNS  = N\n| longd = 8 |longm = 50|longEW = W\n| coordinates_type        = region:PT_type:adm3rd\n| coordinates_display     = yes\n| image_map       = LocalVianaDoCastelo.svg\n| map_alt         =\n| map_caption     = Location in Portugal\n| subdivision_type        = Country\n| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Portugal}}\n| subdivision_type1       = Region\n| subdivision_name1       = [[Norte, Portugal|Norte]]\n| subdivision_type2       = Subregion\n| subdivision_name2       = [[Minho-Lima]]\n| subdivision_type3       = District/A.R.\n| subdivision_name3       = [[Viana do Castelo District|Viana do Castelo]]\n| leader_party            = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|PS]]\n| leader_title            = Mayor\n| leader_name             = [[José Maria Costa]]\n| area_total_km2          = 318.6\n| population_total        = 91,238\n| population_density_km2  = 286.4\n| population_as_of        = 2006\n| blank_name_sec1         = [[freguesia|Parishes]]&nbsp;(no.)\n| blank_info_sec1         = [[#Parishes|40]]\n| blank1_name_sec1        = Municipal holiday\n| blank1_info_sec1        = <br />August 20\n| website                 = http://www.cm-viana-castelo.pt\n}}\n\n'''Viana do Castelo''' ({{IPA-pt|viˈɐnɐ ðu kɐʃˈtɛlu}}) merupakan [[kota]] yang terletak di sebelah utara [[Portugal]]. Penduudknya berjumlah 50.000 jiwa ([[2005]]).\n{{Portugal-geo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Portugal]]","hash":"13c5998812a54a9e6f2884a27988787a4edcab2dcd2690c7871b46ffacba437b","last_revision":"2016-10-06T17:44:08Z","first_revision":"2006-03-02T14:17:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.448075","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"فيانا دو كاستيلو","ast":"Viana do Castelo","ca":"Viana do Castelo","ce":"Виана-ду-Каштелу","ceb":"Viana do Castelo (munisipyo)","cs":"Viana do Castelo","de":"Viana do Castelo","en":"Viana do Castelo","eo":"Viana do Castelo","es":"Viana do Castelo","eu":"Viana do Castelo","fa":"ویانا دو کاستلو","fi":"Viana do Castelo","fr":"Viana do Castelo","gl":"Viana do Castelo","hy":"Վիանա դու Կաշտելու","it":"Viana do Castelo","ja":"ヴィアナ・ド・カステロ","ka":"ვიანა-დუ-კაშტელუ","ko":"비아나두카스텔루","lb":"Viana do Castelo","lmo":"Viana do Castelo","lt":"Viana do Kastelas","ms":"Viana do Castelo","mwl":"Viana do Castelo","mzn":"ویانا دو کاسلو مونیسیپالیتی","nl":"Viana do Castelo (stad)","nb":"Viana do Castelo","os":"Вианæ-ду-Каштелу","pl":"Viana do Castelo","pt":"Viana do Castelo","ro":"Viana do Castelo","ru":"Виана-ду-Каштелу","sh":"Viana do Castelo","simple":"Viana do Castelo","sk":"Viana do Castelo (mesto)","sr":"Вијана до Кастело","sv":"Viana do Castelo","th":"วียานาดูกัชแตลู","tr":"Viana do Castelo","tt":"Виана-ду-Каштелу","uk":"Віана-ду-Каштелу","ur":"ویانا دو کاشتیلو","vi":"Viana do Castelo","vo":"Viana do Castelo","war":"Viana do Castelo","xmf":"ვიანა-დუ-კაშტელუ","zh":"維亞納堡","zh-min-nan":"Viana do Castelo (chhī)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Viana do Castelo () merupakan kota yang terletak di sebelah utara Portugal. Penduudknya berjumlah 50.000 jiwa (2005).\n\nKategori:Kota di Portugal\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox settlement\n| official_name   = Viana do Castelo\n| native_name     =\n| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Portugal|Municipality]]\n| image_flag      = Pt-vct2.png\n| flag_alt        =\n| image_shield    = VCT.png\n| shield_alt      =\n| motto           =\n| image_skyline   = Viana do Castelo 2.JPG\n| imagesize       = 260px\n| image_alt       =\n| image_caption   =\n| pushpin_map     = <!-- Portugal -->\n| pushpin_label_position  =\n| pushpin_map_alt         =\n| pushpin_mapsize         =\n| pushpin_caption = Location in Portugal\n| latd  = 41 |latm  = 42 |latNS  = N\n| longd = 8 |longm = 50|longEW = W\n| coordinates_type        = region:PT_type:adm3rd\n| coordinates_display     = yes\n| image_map       = LocalVianaDoCastelo.svg\n| map_alt         =\n| map_caption     = Location in Portugal\n| subdivision_type        = Country\n| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Portugal}}\n| subdivision_type1       = Region\n| subdivision_name1       = [[Norte, Portugal|Norte]]\n| subdivision_type2       = Subregion\n| subdivision_name2       = [[Minho-Lima]]\n| subdivision_type3       = District/A.R.\n| subdivision_name3       = [[Viana do Castelo District|Viana do Castelo]]\n| leader_party            = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|PS]]\n| leader_title            = Mayor\n| leader_name             = [[José Maria Costa]]\n| area_total_km2          = 318.6\n| population_total        = 91,238\n| population_density_km2  = 286.4\n| population_as_of        = 2006\n| blank_name_sec1         = [[freguesia|Parishes]]&nbsp;(no.)\n| blank_info_sec1         = [[#Parishes|40]]\n| blank1_name_sec1        = Municipal holiday\n| blank1_info_sec1        = <br />August 20\n| website                 = http://www.cm-viana-castelo.pt\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Viana do Castelo () merupakan kota yang terletak di sebelah utara Portugal.","translated_text":"Viana do Castelo is a city located in the north of Portugal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penduudknya berjumlah 50.000 jiwa (2005).","translated_text":"It has a population of 50,000 (2005).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Portugal","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Portugal","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Carl Bell","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=April 2016}}\n{{Infobox musical artist\n| name            = Carl Bell\n| image           = Carl Bell live photo fuel.jpg\n| caption         = Bell pada tahun 2007\n| birth_name      = Carl William Bell\n| alias           =\n| birth_date      = {{birth-date and age|January 9, 1967}}\n| birth_place     = [[Kenton, Tennessee]], A.S.\n| genre           = [[Hard rock]], [[post-grunge]], [[musik country|country]]\n| occupation      = {{hlist|Gitaris|penulis lagu|produser rekaman|penyanyi}}\n| instrument      = [[Gitar]], [[vokal]]\n| years_active    = 1989–''kini''\n| label           = [[Sony BMG Music Entertainment|SonyBMG]]/[[Epic Records|Epic]]\n| associated_acts = [[Fuel (band)|Fuel]]\n| website         = {{URL|www.carlbellmusic.com/}}\n}}\n\n'''Carl William Bell''' ({{lahirmati||9|1|1967}}) adalah seorang musikus Amerika. Ia mendirikan kelompok musik [[hard rock]] [[Fuel (band)|Fuel]] dengan temannya [[Jeff Abercrombie]].\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Bell, Carl}}\n{{penyanyi-stub|Amerika Serikat}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gitaris rock Amerika Serikat]]","hash":"e6d11b4917042cd48b9054e53b199b3267164be1353300ead26c1a3185bc0e63","last_revision":"2023-12-31T08:45:24Z","first_revision":"2006-03-25T20:55:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.505934","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"كارل بيل","arz":"كارل بيل","azb":"کارل بل (موزیسین)","en":"Carl Bell (musician)","fa":"کارل بل (نوازنده)","it":"Carl Bell (musicista)","nl":"Carl Bell (muzikant)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Carl William Bell () adalah seorang musikus Amerika. Ia mendirikan kelompok musik hard rock Fuel dengan temannya Jeff Abercrombie.\n\nKategori:Gitaris rock Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox musical artist\n| name            = Carl Bell\n| image           = Carl Bell live photo fuel.jpg\n| caption         = Bell pada tahun 2007\n| birth_name      = Carl William Bell\n| alias           =\n| birth_date      = {{birth-date and age|January 9, 1967}}\n| birth_place     = [[Kenton, Tennessee]], A.S.\n| genre           = [[Hard rock]], [[post-grunge]], [[musik country|country]]\n| occupation      = {{hlist|Gitaris|penulis lagu|produser rekaman|penyanyi}}\n| instrument      = [[Gitar]], [[vokal]]\n| years_active    = 1989–''kini''\n| label           = [[Sony BMG Music Entertainment|SonyBMG]]/[[Epic Records|Epic]]\n| associated_acts = [[Fuel (band)|Fuel]]\n| website         = {{URL|www.carlbellmusic.com/}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Carl William Bell () adalah seorang musikus Amerika.","translated_text":"Carl William Bell () was an American musician.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mendirikan kelompok musik hard rock Fuel dengan temannya Jeff Abercrombie.","translated_text":"He founded the hard rock band Fuel with his friend Jeff Abercrombie.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gitaris rock Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"Category:Rock guitarists of the United States","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Klöße","wikicode":"{{Infobox prepared food\n| name             = Knödel\n| image            = [[Berkas:Semmelknödel.jpg|250px]]\n| caption          = ''Semmelknödel''\n| alternate_name   = \n| country          = [[Austria]], [[Jerman]], [[Hungaria]], [[Polandia]], [[Rumania]], [[Bosnia]], [[Kroasia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Bulgaria]], dan [[Ceko]]\n| region           = [[Eropa Tengah]] dan [[Eropa Timur]]\n| creator          = \n| course           = \n| type             = [[Pangsit]]\n| served           = \n| main_ingredient  = [[Kentang]] atau [[roti]] atau [[tepung]] atau semolina\n| variations       = \n| calories         = \n| other            = \n}}\n'''Klöße''', (terkadang disebut '''Knödel'''), adalah hidangan [[Pangsit|pangsit rebus]] yang biasa ditemukan dalam masakan [[Eropa Tengah]] dan [[Eropa Timur]]. Negara-negara Eropa Tengah di mana varian Knödel mereka populer termasuk [[Austria]], [[Jerman]], [[Hungaria]], [[Polandia]], [[Rumania]], [[Bosnia]], [[Kroasia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Bulgaria]], dan [[Ceko]]. Mereka juga ditemukan di [[Skandinavia]], Rumania, Masakan [[Italia Timur Laut]], Masakan [[Ukraina]] dan [[Belarusia]]. Biasanya terbuat dari [[tepung]], [[roti]] atau [[kentang]], mereka sering disajikan sebagai lauk, tetapi bisa juga menjadi makanan penutup seperti [[pangsit plum]], atau bahkan [[bakso]] dalam [[sup]]. Banyak varietas dan variasi yang ada.\n\n== Galeri ==\n[[Berkas:2011 0628 Seefeld Schweinsbraten mit Kartoffelknödel.jpg|jmpl|ka|''Schweinsbraten'' dengan ''Kartoffelknödel'']]\n[[Berkas:Grießklößchen.jpg|jmpl|''Grießklößchen'']]\n[[Berkas:Plum Dumpling.jpg|jmpl|ka|Pangsit plum, disebut ''Zwetschgenknödel'']]\n\n[[Kategori:Hidangan Eropa]]\n[[Kategori:Hidangan Jerman]]\n\n\n{{makanan-stub}}","hash":"8478e069545cfbb7ff08d19412d78ecece96c88740a96bce73bda486e867e39d","last_revision":"2023-04-27T10:22:33Z","first_revision":"2006-04-02T14:39:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.563075","cross_lingual_links":{"az":"Knödel","ba":"Кнедлик","bar":"Knedl","be-x-old":"Кнэдлікі","ca":"Knödel","cs":"Knedlík","de":"Kloß","en":"Knödel","eo":"Knedliko","es":"Kloß","fi":"Knöödeli","fr":"Knödel","he":"כופתה","hr":"Okruglice","hy":"Կնեդլիկ","hyw":"Կնեդլիկ","it":"Knödel","ja":"クネーデル","jv":"Knödel","ko":"클로스 (음식)","lb":"Kniddel","mk":"Кнедли","nds":"Klüten","nl":"Knoedel","pl":"Knedliki","pt":"Knödel","ru":"Кнедлик","simple":"Knödel","sk":"Knedľa","sr":"Кнедле","sv":"Knödel","uk":"Книдель","zh":"马铃薯丸子"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Klöße, (terkadang disebut Knödel), adalah hidangan pangsit rebus yang biasa ditemukan dalam masakan Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur. Negara-negara Eropa Tengah di mana varian Knödel mereka populer termasuk Austria, Jerman, Hungaria, Polandia, Rumania, Bosnia, Kroasia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, dan Ceko. Mereka juga ditemukan di Skandinavia, Rumania, Masakan Italia Timur Laut, Masakan Ukraina dan Belarusia. Biasanya terbuat dari tepung, roti atau kentang, mereka sering disajikan sebagai lauk, tetapi bisa juga menjadi makanan penutup seperti pangsit plum, atau bahkan bakso dalam sup. Banyak varietas dan variasi yang ada.\n\nKategori:Hidangan Eropa Kategori:Hidangan Jerman\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox prepared food\n| name             = Knödel\n| image            = [[Berkas:Semmelknödel.jpg|250px]]\n| caption          = ''Semmelknödel''\n| alternate_name   = \n| country          = [[Austria]], [[Jerman]], [[Hungaria]], [[Polandia]], [[Rumania]], [[Bosnia]], [[Kroasia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Bulgaria]], dan [[Ceko]]\n| region           = [[Eropa Tengah]] dan [[Eropa Timur]]\n| creator          = \n| course           = \n| type             = [[Pangsit]]\n| served           = \n| main_ingredient  = [[Kentang]] atau [[roti]] atau [[tepung]] atau semolina\n| variations       = \n| calories         = \n| other            = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Klöße, (terkadang disebut Knödel), adalah hidangan pangsit rebus yang biasa ditemukan dalam masakan Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur.","translated_text":"Klöße, (sometimes called Knödel), is a boiled pastry dish commonly found in Central European and Eastern European cuisine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Negara","translated_text":"Countries","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-negara Eropa Tengah di mana varian Knödel mereka populer termasuk Austria, Jerman, Hungaria, Polandia, Rumania, Bosnia, Kroasia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, dan Ceko.","translated_text":"-Central European countries where their Knödel variants are popular include Austria, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and the Czech Republic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka juga ditemukan di Skandinavia, Rumania, Masakan Italia Timur Laut, Masakan Ukraina dan Belarusia.","translated_text":"They are also found in Scandinavia, Romania, Northeastern Italian cuisine, Ukrainian and Belarusian cuisines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biasanya terbuat dari tepung, roti atau kentang, mereka sering disajikan sebagai lauk, tetapi bisa juga menjadi makanan penutup seperti pangsit plum, atau bahkan bakso dalam sup.","translated_text":"Usually made from flour, bread, or potatoes, they are often served as fish, but they can also be a dessert such as plum pancakes, or even baking soda in soup.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Banyak varietas dan variasi yang ada.","translated_text":"There are many varieties and variations.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Galeri","translated_text":"Gallery","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Hidangan Eropa Kategori:Hidangan Jerman","translated_text":": European ideas Category:German ideas","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"České Budějovice","wikicode":"{{Infobox settlement\n| name                     = České Budějovice\n| other_name               = Budweis\n| settlement_type          = [[Kota]]\n<!-- images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline            = Ceske_Budejovice_kolaz.png\n| image_caption            = From top: Alun-alun Ottokar II., Kolam renang kota, Katedral St. Nicholas, Máj Centre, Pusat perbelanjaan IGY, Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Bohemia Selatan, Rumah sakit\n| image_flag               = Flag of Ceske Budejovice.svg\n| image_shield             = Coat of arms of České Budějovice.svg\n| image_blank_emblem       = České Budějovice Logo RGB.tif\n| blank_emblem_type        = [[Wordmark]]\n<!-- location -->| subdivision_type         = Negara\n| subdivision_name         = {{CZE}}\n| subdivision_type1        = [[Pembagian administratif Ceko|Region]]\n| subdivision_name1        = [[Region Bohemia Selatan|Bohemia Selatan]]\n| subdivision_type2        = [[Distrik di Ceko|Distrik]]\n| subdivision_name2        = [[Distrik České Budějovice|České Budějovice]]\n<!-- maps and coordinates -->| image_map                = \n| map_caption              = \n| pushpin_map              = Czech Republic\n| pushpin_relief           = 1\n| pushpin_map_caption      = Lokasi kota di Republik Ceko\n| coordinates              = {{coord|48|58|29|N|14|28|29|E|display=inline,title}}\n| coordinates_footnotes    = <!-- government type, leaders -->\n| leader_title             = Wali kota\n| leader_name              = Jiří Svoboda\n| leader_party             = [[ANO 2011|ANO]]\n<!-- established -->| established_title        = Pertama disebut\n| established_date         = 1251\n<!-- area -->| area_footnotes           = \n| area_total_km2           = 55.71\n<!-- elevation -->| elevation_footnotes      = \n| elevation_m              = 381\n<!-- population -->| population_as_of         = 2022-01-01\n| population_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2022|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2022-04-29}}</ref>\n| population_total         = 93426\n| population_density_km2   = auto\n<!-- time zone(s) -->| timezone1                = [[Central European Time|CET]]\n| utc_offset1              = +1\n| timezone1_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]\n| utc_offset1_DST          = +2\n<!-- postal codes, area code -->| postal_code_type         = Kode pos\n| postal_code              = 370 01\n| area_code_type           = \n| area_code                = <!-- website, footnotes -->\n| website                  = {{URL|https://www.c-budejovice.cz/en}}\n| footnotes                = \n}}\n\n'''České Budějovice''' ({{IPA-cs|ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ|lang|Cs České Budějovice.ogg}}; {{Lang-de|Budweis}} {{IPA-de|ˈbʊtvaɪs||De-Budweis.ogg}}) adalah sebuah kota di [[Region Bohemia Selatan]] di [[Ceko|Republik Ceko]]. Kota Ini memiliki sekitar 93.000 penduduk.\n\nČeské Budějovice adalah kota terbesar di region ini dan merupakan ibu kota politik dan komersialnya. Kota ini merupakan pusat dari [[Keuskupan České Budějovice|Keuskupan České Budějovice Katolik Roma]], serta lokasi dari [[Universitas Bohemia Selatan]].\n\n== Etimologi ==\nNama Budějovice berasal dari bahasa Slavia ''Budivoj'', yang berarti \"desa orang Budivoj\". Kota pertama kali disebut sebagai ''Budoywicz''. Nama Jerman kota ini dibuat dengan menyalin dan memperpendek nama Ceko. Ketika kota kerajaan didirikan pada 1265, kota ini disebut sebagai ''Budwoyz'' dan kemudian diadaptasi menjadi ''Budweis'' . Nama ''Budvicium'' digunakan dalam bahasa Latin. Setelah [[Husite|revolusi Hussite]] pada paruh pertama abad ke-15, nama ''České Budějovice'' (\"Budejovice [[Bohemia]]n \") digunakan untuk membedakannya dari [[Moravské Budějovice]] (\"Budejovice [[Moravia]] \").<ref name=\"history2\">{{Cite web|title=Jméno města|url=http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta|website=Encyklopedie Českých Budějovic|publisher=NEBE|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>\n\n== Sejarah ==\nBudějovice disebutkan pertama kali pada tahun 1251, ketika itu kota ini hanyalah sebuah desa.<ref name=\"history2\"/> Kota kerajaan ini didirikan di lokasi ini pada tahun 1265 oleh Raja [[Ottokar II dari Bohemia]]. Penempatan dan perencanaan kota dilakukan oleh [[Knight|kesatria]] raja Hirzo. Para pemukim berbahasa Jerman datang dari [[Hutan Bohemia]] dan [[Austria Hulu]].<ref>Rene Schreiber, Budweis / Ceske Budejovice: Eine südböhmische Stadt, p. 1.</ref> Kota kerajaan diciptakan sebagai platform kekuasaan raja di Bohemia Selatan dan untuk mengimbangi Bangsawan [[Wangsa Rosenberg|Rosenberg]] yang kuat, yang punah pada tahun 1611.\n\nPada tahun 1341 Raja [[Jan Lucemburský|John dari Bohemia]] mengizinkan keluarga [[Yahudi]] untuk tinggal di kota dan [[sinagoge]] pertama dibangun di kota ini pada tahun 1380; namun beberapa [[pogrom]] terjadi pada akhir abad ke-15 dan awal abad ke-16. Sejak [[Peperangan Husite|Perang Hussite]], kota ini secara tradisional menjadi benteng [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Gereja Katolik]] selama konflik agama berkepanjangan di [[Kerajaan Bohemia]]. Sebagai bagian dari [[monarki Habsburg]] dari tahun 1526, Budejovice menjadi pendukung setia Kaisar [[Ferdinand II, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Ferdinand II]] dalam Perang [[Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun|Tiga Puluh Tahun]]. Budějovice mengalami pendudukan singkat oleh [[Kerajaan Prusia|Prusia]] selama [[Peperangan Schlesien|Perang Silesia]], dan perang antara Habsburg dan tentara Prancis pada tahun 1742.\n\nPada 1762 [[Piaris]] mendirikan ''[[Gimnasium (sekolah)|gimnasium]]'' di kota ini dan Kaisar [[Joseph II, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Joseph II]] mendirikan keuskupan pada tahun 1785. Pada tahun 1847, pabrik pensil Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth dipindahkan dari [[Wina]] ke Budějovice.\n\nKota ini tetap menjadi berbahasa Jerman sampai tahun 1880, setelah bangsa Ceko menjadi suku mayoritas. Hingga akhir Perang Dunia II, kota ini memiliki minoritas Jerman yang signifikan (sekitar 15,5% pada tahun 1930).<ref>{{Cite book|last=King|first=Jeremy|date=2018|title=Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848–1948|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-18638-2}}</ref>\n\nSelama [[Perang Dunia II]], kota ini [[Pendudukan Cekoslowakia oleh Jerman|diduduki oleh Jerman]]. Jerman mengoperasikan penjara [[Gestapo]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gestapogefängnis Budweis|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=955|website=Bundesarchiv.de|language=de|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> dan kamp [[Kerja paksa di bawah pemerintahan Jerman selama Perang Dunia II|kerja paksa]] di kota ini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Budweis|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=579|website=Bundesarchiv.de|language=de|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> Pada saat tahap akhir perang, pada Maret 1945, Budějovice dua kali menjadi sasaran serangan [[Pasukan Udara Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat|Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat]] yang merusak kota dan menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa. Di akhir perang, pada 9 Mei 1945, pasukan [[Uni Soviet|Soviet]] membebaskan kota tersebut. Keesokan harinya, Tentara Soviet dan Tentara Amerika Serikat bertemu di alun-alun utama dan merayakan pembebasan kota bersama. Seluruh penduduk Jerman diusir pada tahun 1945 di bawah [[Dekret-dekret Beneš|dekrit Beneš]] dan [[Perjanjian Potsdam]].\n\n== Geografi ==\nČeské Budějovice terletak sekitar {{Convert|120|km|mi}} selatan [[Praha]]. Kota ini sebagian besar berada di tanah datar sehingga konturnya hampir rata di bagian dalam kota dengan daerah berbukit di pinggiran timur. Titik tertinggi terletak sekitar {{Convert|560|m|ft}} di atas permukaan laut.\n\n=== Iklim ===\nČeské Budějovice memiliki versi lebih sejuk dan basah dari [[iklim benua lembab]] (''Dfb'') dengan suhu tahunan rata-rata {{Convert|8.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. Ada empat musim, dengan musim dingin yang kering antara awal Desember hingga awal Maret, musim semi yang cerah dan lebih basah antara sebagian Maret hingga sebagian Mei, lalu berubah menjadi musim panas yang basah dan hangat dari akhir Mei hingga awal September. Musim gugur yang kering berlangsung hingga akhir November.Demografi{{Weather box|location=České Budějovice|metric first=Yes|single line=Yes|Jan high C=1.4|Feb high C=2.9|Mar high C=8.6|Apr high C=13.9|May high C=19.2|Jun high C=22.1|Jul high C=24.0|Aug high C=23.5|Sep high C=19.4|Oct high C=13.3|Nov high C=6.3|Dec high C=2.7|year high C=13.1|Jan mean C=−1.9|Feb mean C=−0.9|Mar mean C=3.7|Apr mean C=8.2|May mean C=13.2|Jun mean C=16.3|Jul mean C=18.0|Aug mean C=17.6|Sep mean C=13.8|Oct mean C=8.4|Nov mean C=3.1|Dec mean C=-0.1|year mean C=8.3|Jan low C=-5.1|Feb low C=-4.7|Mar low C=-1.2|Apr low C=2.6|May low C=7.2|Jun low C=10.5|Jul low C=12.1|Aug low C=11.7|Sep low C=8.2|Oct low C=3.6|Nov low C=0.0|Dec low C=-2.9|year low C=3.5|Jan precipitation mm=42|Feb precipitation mm=42|Mar precipitation mm=45|Apr precipitation mm=48|May precipitation mm=79|Jun precipitation mm=94|Jul precipitation mm=98|Aug precipitation mm=84|Sep precipitation mm=58|Oct precipitation mm=43|Nov precipitation mm=47|Dec precipitation mm=50|year precipitation mm=730|source 1=Climate Data ORG<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate: Budweis\n|url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/6271/\n|access-date = 10 December 2013}}</ref>|date=December 2013}}\n\n== Demografi ==\n{{historical populations|1869|19232|1880|26039|1890|32134|1900|45524|1910|54786|1921|57557|1930|59079|1950|55709|1961|64661|1970|76699|1980|88448|1991|97243|2001|97339|2011|93715|2021|95664|align=none|cols=3|source=Sensus<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres České Budějovice|url=https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20537734/130084150311.pdf/ed94ed6a-903c-45bf-8e79-ec604d7ec9cc?version=1.2|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|pages=1–2|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}\n\n== Ekonomi ==\n[[Berkas:Pivovar_Budvar_-_budova_2.jpg|ka|jmpl|Pabrik Bir Budweiser Budvar]]\nBudějovice telah lama terkenal sebagai sentra pembuatan bir sejak abad ke-13. Pada tahun 1256, tempat pembuatan bir Svitavy didirikan di sana, namun ditutup pada tahun 2002.<ref>[http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/czecbrew.htm www.europeanbeerguide.net]</ref> Pada satu waktu, kota ini adalah tempat pembuatan bir kekaisaran untuk [[Kaisar Romawi Suci]], dan ''Budweiser Bier'' (yaitu bir dari Budweis),<ref>See the entry for Monday, 4 February 2008 on ''365 Amazing Trivia Facts'' (Workman Publishing, 2008).</ref> bersama dengan ''[[Pilsner]]'' dari [[Plzeň]], menjadi salah satu [[lager]] paling terkenal. Pembuatan bir tetap menjadi industri utama kota ini.\n\nPabrik Bir Budweiser Budvar adalah produsen bir terbesar di kota ini yang didirikan pada tahun 1895. Pabrik ini memasarkan birnya dengan merek \"''Budweiser''\" di sebagian besar pasar Eropa. Produk yang sama juga dijual di beberapa tempat lain dengan nama \"''Budvar''\" dan \"''Czechvar''\" karena adanya sengketa merek dagang dengan [[Anheuser-Busch Brewing|Anheuser-Busch]] atas merek Budweiser. Anheuser-Busch telah membuat penawaran untuk membeli perusahaan pembuat bir tersebut untuk mengamankan hak global atas nama \"Budweiser\", tetapi pemerintah Ceko menolak semua tawaran tersebut, menganggap nama Budweiser sebagai kebanggaan nasional.\n\nPivovar Samson merupakan produsen bir tertua dan terbesar kedua yang masih beroperasi yang didirikan pada tahun 1795. Prousen bir ini berganti nama dari nama Jerman aslinya 'Budweiser Bürgerbräu' saat [[Republik Sosialis Cekoslowakia|periode komunis]]. Bir ini juga diekspor dengan menggunakan merek \"Samson\" dan \"Crystal\".\n\n== Transportasi ==\n[[Berkas:České_Budějovice,_Lidická_třída,_Trolejbus_Škoda_25Tr.JPG|jmpl|Bus troli [[Skoda|Škoda]] 25Tr]]\nKota ini dapat dicapai dengan bus antar kota dan [[kereta api]]. Dahulu, untuk koneksi internasional, terdapat jalur kereta api langsung yang dibangun oleh perusahaan Empress Elizabeth Railway Austria pada tahun 1871, yang menghubungkan Praha dengan [[Zürich]], melalui [[Linz]] dan [[Salzburg]]. Kereta ini berhenti di České Budějovice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Schema linek dálkových vlaků ČR|url=https://www.cd.cz/images/cdos/prilohy/mapa-dalkove-dopravy-11-12-2016.pdf|website=České dráhy|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> Kota ini dilayani oleh stasiun kereta api České Budějovice, sebuah bangunan stasiun bergaya [[Arsitektur Kebangkitan Renaisans|Neo-Renaisans]].\n\nUntuk transportasi dalam kota, terdapat [[bus]] lokal dan [[bus troli]] yang melayani sebagian besar wilayah kota.\n\nKota ini dilayani oleh [[Bandara České Budějovice]] yang terletak {{Convert|6|km|abbr=off}} barat daya dari České Budějovice, di desa [[Planá (Distrik České Budějovice)|Planá]].\n\n== Olahraga ==\nČeské Budějovice memiliki banyak fasilitas olahraga dan stadion nasional, termasuk stadion sepak bola Střeleký ostrov, arena hoki es Budvar dan Stadion Atletik Sokol. Pusat renang České Budějovice memiliki kolam renang indoor sepanjang 50 meter, kolam selam, sauna, kolam renang outdoor, dan kolam renang anak-anak. Klub olahraga besar meliputi:\n\n* SK Dynamo České Budějovice ([[Liga Pertama Ceko]])\n* Motor České Budějovice ([[Extraliga Ceko]])\n* Jihostroj České Budějovice (Liga Bola Voli Ceko)\n* TJ Sokol České Budějovice ([[Atletik (budaya fisik)|Atletik]])\n* Hellboys České Budějovice ([[sepak bola Amerika]])\n* RC České Budějovice ([[Sepak bola rugbi]])\n* TJ Lokomotiva České Budějovice ([[Bola tangan|Bola Tangan]])\n* Budějovické Barakudy ([[Kriket]])\n* FBC Štíři České Budějovice ([[Bola lantai|Bola Lantai]])\n\n== Kota kembar ==\nČeské Budějovice merupakan [[kota kembar]] dengan:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.c-budejovice.cz/partnerska-mesta|publisher=Statutární město České Budějovice|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>\n\n* {{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Linz]], Austria\n* {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Lorient]], Prancis\n* {{Flagicon|SVK}} [[Nitra]], Slowakia\n* {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Passau]], Jerman\n* {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Suhl]], Jerman\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Portal|Czech Republic}}\n{{Commons category|České Budějovice}}\n{{Wikisource1911Enc|Budweis}}\n* [http://www.c-budejovice.cz/en České Budějovice – official page]\n* [http://www.c-budejovice.cz/cz Official page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002173911/http://www.c-budejovice.cz/cz |date=2008-10-02 }} {{cs icon}}\n* [http://www.virtourist.com/europe/budejovice/ Virtual Tourist tour of České Budějovice]\n* [http://www.jcu.cz/index.php?jazyk=en University of South Bohemia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622124813/http://www.jcu.cz/index.php?jazyk=en |date=2003-06-22 }}\n* [http://www.sumava.com/rec_gemeente.php?l=en&dis=j_cb Region of České Budějovice]\n* [http://www.discoverczech.com/ceske-budejovice/index.php4 České Budějovice] – tourism, basic facts, hotels\n* [http://www.a-ceske-budejovice.com České Budějovice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805014100/http://a-ceske-budejovice.com/ |date=2018-08-05 }} – tourism, basic facts, accommodation\n* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62002J0245:EN:NOT Text of European Court of Justice judgment in the \"Budweiser\" trademark case] – ''Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 November 2004. Anheuser-Busch Inc. v Budĕjovický Budvar, národní podnik. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Korkein oikeus – Finland. Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation – Articles 2(1), 16(1) and 70 of the TRIPs Agreement – Trade marks – Scope of the proprietor's exclusive right to the trade mark – Alleged use of the sign as a trade name. Case C-245/02.''\n* [http://www.svejkcentral.com/ \"Švejk Central\"]: Web site devoted to the Hašek novel\n* [http://www.czech.cz/en/culture/most-beautiful-sights-and-places-of-interest/towns/other-remarkable-czech-towns/ceske-budejovice/ České Budějovice at the official website of the Czech republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.czech.cz/en/culture/most-beautiful-sights-and-places-of-interest/towns/other-remarkable-czech-towns/ceske-budejovice/ |date=2015-09-23 }}\n* [http://www.virtualczech.cz/kraj-jihocesky/397-ceske-budejovice Virtual show]\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Ceko]]","hash":"1537b56800566103252ec11e9c7cf85173c76015c25ee55cec714d823ea9853b","last_revision":"2023-01-09T17:09:25Z","first_revision":"2006-04-08T10:07:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.630168","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تشيسكي بوديوفيتسه","arz":"تشيسكى بوديوفيتسه","ba":"Ческе-Будеёвице","bar":"Budweis","be":"Чэске-Будзеёвіцы","be-x-old":"Чэскія Будзеёвіцы","bg":"Ческе Будейовице","bn":"চেস্কে বুদেজোভিসে","ca":"České Budějovice","ce":"Ческе-Будеёвице","ceb":"České Budějovice (kapital sa lalawigan sa Nasod nga Czech)","cs":"České Budějovice","cy":"České Budějovice","da":"České Budějovice","de":"Budweis","el":"Τσέσκε Μπουντεγιόβιτσε","en":"České Budějovice","eo":"České Budějovice","es":"České Budějovice","et":"České Budějovice","eu":"České Budějovice","fa":"چسکه بودیوویتسه","fi":"České Budějovice","fr":"České Budějovice","frr":"České Budějovice","gd":"České Budějovice","gl":"České Budějovice","he":"צ'סקה בודייוביצה","hr":"České Budějovice","hsb":"České Budějovice","hu":"České Budějovice","hy":"Չեսկե Բուդեյովիցե","ie":"České Budějovice","io":"České Budějovice","is":"České Budějovice","it":"České Budějovice","ja":"チェスケー・ブジェヨヴィツェ","ka":"ჩესკე-ბუდეიოვიცე","kk":"Ческе-Будеёвице","ko":"체스케부데요비체","la":"Budovicium","lmo":"České Budějovice","lt":"Česke Budejovicai","lv":"Česke Budejovice","mdf":"Чэскэ Будеёвицэ","mk":"Ческе Будјејовице","ms":"České Budějovice","nl":"České Budějovice","nn":"České Budějovice","nb":"České Budějovice","os":"Ческе-Будеёвице","pam":"České Budějovice","pl":"Czeskie Budziejowice","pms":"České Budějovice","pnb":"چیسکے بودییوویتسے","pt":"České Budějovice","qu":"České Budějovice","ro":"České Budějovice","ru":"Ческе-Будеёвице","rue":"Чешске Будейовице","sh":"České Budějovice","simple":"České Budějovice","sk":"České Budějovice","sl":"Češke Budejovice","sr":"Чешке Будјејовице","sv":"České Budějovice","sw":"České Budějovice","szl":"České Budějovice","tg":"Ческе-Будейовитсе","th":"แช็สแกบูแยโยวิตแซ","tr":"České Budějovice","tt":"Ческе-Будеёвице","uk":"Чеські Будейовиці","ur":"چسکے بودییوویتسے","uz":"Cheskebudeyovitse","vi":"��eské Budějovice","war":"České Budějovice","wuu":"捷克布杰约维采","xmf":"ჩესკე-ბუდეიოვიცე","zh":"捷克布杰约维采","zh-min-nan":"České Budějovice"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"České Budějovice (; ) adalah sebuah kota di Region Bohemia Selatan di Republik Ceko. Kota Ini memiliki sekitar 93.000 penduduk.\n\nČeské Budějovice adalah kota terbesar di region ini dan merupakan ibu kota politik dan komersialnya. Kota ini merupakan pusat dari Keuskupan České Budějovice Katolik Roma, serta lokasi dari Universitas Bohemia Selatan.\n\nNama Budějovice berasal dari bahasa Slavia Budivoj, yang berarti \"desa orang Budivoj\". Kota pertama kali disebut sebagai Budoywicz. Nama Jerman kota ini dibuat dengan menyalin dan memperpendek nama Ceko. Ketika kota kerajaan didirikan pada 1265, kota ini disebut sebagai Budwoyz dan kemudian diadaptasi menjadi Budweis . Nama Budvicium digunakan dalam bahasa Latin. Setelah revolusi Hussite pada paruh pertama abad ke-15, nama České Budějovice (\"Budejovice Bohemian \") digunakan untuk membedakannya dari Moravské Budějovice (\"Budejovice Moravia \").\n\nBudějovice disebutkan pertama kali pada tahun 1251, ketika itu kota ini hanyalah sebuah desa. Kota kerajaan ini didirikan di lokasi ini pada tahun 1265 oleh Raja Ottokar II dari Bohemia. Penempatan dan perencanaan kota dilakukan oleh kesatria raja Hirzo. Para pemukim berbahasa Jerman datang dari Hutan Bohemia dan Austria Hulu. Kota kerajaan diciptakan sebagai platform kekuasaan raja di Bohemia Selatan dan untuk mengimbangi Bangsawan Rosenberg yang kuat, yang punah pada tahun 1611.\n\nPada tahun 1341 Raja John dari Bohemia mengizinkan keluarga Yahudi untuk tinggal di kota dan sinagoge pertama dibangun di kota ini pada tahun 1380; namun beberapa pogrom terjadi pada akhir abad ke-15 dan awal abad ke-16. Sejak Perang Hussite, kota ini secara tradisional menjadi benteng Gereja Katolik selama konflik agama berkepanjangan di Kerajaan Bohemia. Sebagai bagian dari monarki Habsburg dari tahun 1526, Budejovice menjadi pendukung setia Kaisar Ferdinand II dalam Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun. Budějovice mengalami pendudukan singkat oleh Prusia selama Perang Silesia, dan perang antara Habsburg dan tentara Prancis pada tahun 1742.\n\nPada 1762 Piaris mendirikan gimnasium di kota ini dan Kaisar Joseph II mendirikan keuskupan pada tahun 1785. Pada tahun 1847, pabrik pensil Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth dipindahkan dari Wina ke Budějovice.\n\nKota ini tetap menjadi berbahasa Jerman sampai tahun 1880, setelah bangsa Ceko menjadi suku mayoritas. Hingga akhir Perang Dunia II, kota ini memiliki minoritas Jerman yang signifikan (sekitar 15,5% pada tahun 1930).\n\nSelama Perang Dunia II, kota ini diduduki oleh Jerman. Jerman mengoperasikan penjara Gestapo dan kamp kerja paksa di kota ini. Pada saat tahap akhir perang, pada Maret 1945, Budějovice dua kali menjadi sasaran serangan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat yang merusak kota dan menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa. Di akhir perang, pada 9 Mei 1945, pasukan Soviet membebaskan kota tersebut. Keesokan harinya, Tentara Soviet dan Tentara Amerika Serikat bertemu di alun-alun utama dan merayakan pembebasan kota bersama. Seluruh penduduk Jerman diusir pada tahun 1945 di bawah dekrit Beneš dan Perjanjian Potsdam.\n\nČeské Budějovice terletak sekitar selatan Praha. Kota ini sebagian besar berada di tanah datar sehingga konturnya hampir rata di bagian dalam kota dengan daerah berbukit di pinggiran timur. Titik tertinggi terletak sekitar di atas permukaan laut.\n\nČeské Budějovice memiliki versi lebih sejuk dan basah dari iklim benua lembab (Dfb) dengan suhu tahunan rata-rata . Ada empat musim, dengan musim dingin yang kering antara awal Desember hingga awal Maret, musim semi yang cerah dan lebih basah antara sebagian Maret hingga sebagian Mei, lalu berubah menjadi musim panas yang basah dan hangat dari akhir Mei hingga awal September. Musim gugur yang kering berlangsung hingga akhir November.Demografi\n\nBudějovice telah lama terkenal sebagai sentra pembuatan bir sejak abad ke-13. Pada tahun 1256, tempat pembuatan bir Svitavy didirikan di sana, namun ditutup pada tahun 2002. Pada satu waktu, kota ini adalah tempat pembuatan bir kekaisaran untuk Kaisar Romawi Suci, dan Budweiser Bier (yaitu bir dari Budweis), bersama dengan Pilsner dari Plzeň, menjadi salah satu lager paling terkenal. Pembuatan bir tetap menjadi industri utama kota ini.\n\nPabrik Bir Budweiser Budvar adalah produsen bir terbesar di kota ini yang didirikan pada tahun 1895. Pabrik ini memasarkan birnya dengan merek \"Budweiser\" di sebagian besar pasar Eropa. Produk yang sama juga dijual di beberapa tempat lain dengan nama \"Budvar\" dan \"Czechvar\" karena adanya sengketa merek dagang dengan Anheuser-Busch atas merek Budweiser. Anheuser-Busch telah membuat penawaran untuk membeli perusahaan pembuat bir tersebut untuk mengamankan hak global atas nama \"Budweiser\", tetapi pemerintah Ceko menolak semua tawaran tersebut, menganggap nama Budweiser sebagai kebanggaan nasional.\n\nPivovar Samson merupakan produsen bir tertua dan terbesar kedua yang masih beroperasi yang didirikan pada tahun 1795. Prousen bir ini berganti nama dari nama Jerman aslinya 'Budweiser Bürgerbräu' saat periode komunis. Bir ini juga diekspor dengan menggunakan merek \"Samson\" dan \"Crystal\".\n\nKota ini dapat dicapai dengan bus antar kota dan kereta api. Dahulu, untuk koneksi internasional, terdapat jalur kereta api langsung yang dibangun oleh perusahaan Empress Elizabeth Railway Austria pada tahun 1871, yang menghubungkan Praha dengan Zürich, melalui Linz dan Salzburg. Kereta ini berhenti di České Budějovice. Kota ini dilayani oleh stasiun kereta api České Budějovice, sebuah bangunan stasiun bergaya Neo-Renaisans.\n\nUntuk transportasi dalam kota, terdapat bus lokal dan bus troli yang melayani sebagian besar wilayah kota.\n\nKota ini dilayani oleh Bandara České Budějovice yang terletak barat daya dari České Budějovice, di desa Planá.\n\nČeské Budějovice memiliki banyak fasilitas olahraga dan stadion nasional, termasuk stadion sepak bola Střeleký ostrov, arena hoki es Budvar dan Stadion Atletik Sokol. Pusat renang České Budějovice memiliki kolam renang indoor sepanjang 50 meter, kolam selam, sauna, kolam renang outdoor, dan kolam renang anak-anak. Klub olahraga besar meliputi:\n\nSK Dynamo České Budějovice (Liga Pertama Ceko) Motor České Budějovice (Extraliga Ceko) Jihostroj České Budějovice (Liga Bola Voli Ceko) TJ Sokol České Budějovice (Atletik) Hellboys České Budějovice (sepak bola Amerika) RC České Budějovice (Sepak bola rugbi) TJ Lokomotiva České Budějovice (Bola Tangan) Budějovické Barakudy (Kriket) FBC Štíři České Budějovice (Bola Lantai)\n\nČeské Budějovice merupakan kota kembar dengan:\n\nLinz, Austria Lorient, Prancis Nitra, Slowakia Passau, Jerman Suhl, Jerman\n\nČeské Budějovice – official page Official page Virtual Tourist tour of České Budějovice University of South Bohemia Region of České Budějovice České Budějovice – tourism, basic facts, hotels České Budějovice – tourism, basic facts, accommodation Text of European Court of Justice judgment in the \"Budweiser\" trademark case – Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 November 2004. Anheuser-Busch Inc. v Budĕjovický Budvar, národní podnik. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Korkein oikeus – Finland. Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation – Articles 2(1), 16(1) and 70 of the TRIPs Agreement – Trade marks – Scope of the proprietor's exclusive right to the trade mark – Alleged use of the sign as a trade name. Case C-245/02. \"Švejk Central\": Web site devoted to the Hašek novel České Budějovice at the official website of the Czech republic Virtual show\n\nKategori:Kota di Ceko\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox settlement\n| name                     = České Budějovice\n| other_name               = Budweis\n| settlement_type          = [[Kota]]\n<!-- images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline            = Ceske_Budejovice_kolaz.png\n| image_caption            = From top: Alun-alun Ottokar II., Kolam renang kota, Katedral St. Nicholas, Máj Centre, Pusat perbelanjaan IGY, Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Bohemia Selatan, Rumah sakit\n| image_flag               = Flag of Ceske Budejovice.svg\n| image_shield             = Coat of arms of České Budějovice.svg\n| image_blank_emblem       = České Budějovice Logo RGB.tif\n| blank_emblem_type        = [[Wordmark]]\n<!-- location -->| subdivision_type         = Negara\n| subdivision_name         = {{CZE}}\n| subdivision_type1        = [[Pembagian administratif Ceko|Region]]\n| subdivision_name1        = [[Region Bohemia Selatan|Bohemia Selatan]]\n| subdivision_type2        = [[Distrik di Ceko|Distrik]]\n| subdivision_name2        = [[Distrik České Budějovice|České Budějovice]]\n<!-- maps and coordinates -->| image_map                = \n| map_caption              = \n| pushpin_map              = Czech Republic\n| pushpin_relief           = 1\n| pushpin_map_caption      = Lokasi kota di Republik Ceko\n| coordinates              = {{coord|48|58|29|N|14|28|29|E|display=inline,title}}\n| coordinates_footnotes    = <!-- government type, leaders -->\n| leader_title             = Wali kota\n| leader_name              = Jiří Svoboda\n| leader_party             = [[ANO 2011|ANO]]\n<!-- established -->| established_title        = Pertama disebut\n| established_date         = 1251\n<!-- area -->| area_footnotes           = \n| area_total_km2           = 55.71\n<!-- elevation -->| elevation_footnotes      = \n| elevation_m              = 381\n<!-- population -->| population_as_of         = 2022-01-01\n| population_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2022|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2022|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2022-04-29}}</ref>\n| population_total         = 93426\n| population_density_km2   = auto\n<!-- time zone(s) -->| timezone1                = [[Central European Time|CET]]\n| utc_offset1              = +1\n| timezone1_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]\n| utc_offset1_DST          = +2\n<!-- postal codes, area code -->| postal_code_type         = Kode pos\n| postal_code              = 370 01\n| area_code_type           = \n| area_code                = <!-- website, footnotes -->\n| website                  = {{URL|https://www.c-budejovice.cz/en}}\n| footnotes                = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"České Budějovice (; ) adalah sebuah kota di Region Bohemia Selatan di Republik Ceko.","translated_text":"České Budějovice (; ) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota Ini memiliki sekitar 93.000 penduduk.","translated_text":"The city has about 93,000 inhabitants.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"České Budějovice adalah kota terbesar di region ini dan merupakan ibu kota politik dan komersialnya.","translated_text":"České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and is its political and commercial capital.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota ini merupakan pusat dari Keuskupan České Budějovice Katolik Roma, serta lokasi dari Universitas Bohemia Selatan.","translated_text":"It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of České Budějovice, as well as the location of the University of South Bohemia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Etimologi","translated_text":"The etymology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama Budějovice berasal dari bahasa Slavia Budivoj, yang berarti \"desa orang Budivoj\".","translated_text":"The name Budějovice comes from the Slavic language Budivoj, meaning \"the village of the Budivoj people\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota pertama kali disebut sebagai Budoywicz.","translated_text":"The city was first named Budoywicz.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama Jerman kota ini dibuat dengan menyalin dan memperpendek nama Ceko.","translated_text":"The city's German name was created by copying and abbreviating the Czech name.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika kota kerajaan didirikan pada 1265, kota ini disebut sebagai Budwoyz dan kemudian diadaptasi menjadi Budweis .","translated_text":"When the royal city was founded in 1265, the city was called Budwoyz and later adapted into Budweis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama Budvicium digunakan dalam bahasa Latin.","translated_text":"The name Budvicium is used in Latin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah revolusi Hussite pada paruh pertama abad ke-15, nama České Budějovice (\"Budejovice Bohemian \") digunakan untuk membedakannya dari Moravské Budějovice (\"Budejovice Moravia \").","translated_text":"After the Hussite revolution in the first half of the 15th century, the name České Budějovice (\"Bodejovice Bohemian\") was used to distinguish it from Moravské Budějovice (\"Budejovice Moravia\").","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history2\">{{Cite web|title=Jméno města|url=http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta|website=Encyklopedie Českých Budějovic|publisher=NEBE|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>","char_index":182,"name":"history2","url":"http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":107678,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.603288-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.88671875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Budějovice disebutkan pertama kali pada tahun 1251, ketika itu kota ini hanyalah sebuah desa.","translated_text":"Budějovice was first mentioned in 1251, when it was only a village.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history2\">{{Cite web|title=Jméno města|url=http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta|website=Encyklopedie Českých Budějovic|publisher=NEBE|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"history2","url":"http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":107678,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.603288-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.88671875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota kerajaan ini didirikan di lokasi ini pada tahun 1265 oleh Raja Ottokar II dari Bohemia.","translated_text":"The royal city was founded at this location in 1265 by King Ottokar II of Bohemia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penempatan dan perencanaan kota dilakukan oleh kesatria raja Hirzo.","translated_text":"The placement and planning of the city were carried out by the knights of King Hirzo.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para pemukim berbahasa Jerman datang dari Hutan Bohemia dan Austria Hulu.","translated_text":"German-speaking settlers came from the forests of Bohemia and Upper Austria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Rene Schreiber, Budweis / Ceske Budejovice: Eine südböhmische Stadt, p. 1.</ref>","char_index":73,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota kerajaan diciptakan sebagai platform kekuasaan raja di Bohemia Selatan dan untuk mengimbangi Bangsawan Rosenberg yang kuat, yang punah pada tahun 1611.","translated_text":"The royal city was created as a platform for the king's power in South Bohemia and to offset the powerful Rosenberg nobility, who became extinct in 1611.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1341 Raja John dari Bohemia mengizinkan keluarga Yahudi untuk tinggal di kota dan sinagoge pertama dibangun di kota ini pada tahun 1380; namun beberapa pogrom terjadi pada akhir abad ke-15 dan awal abad ke-16.","translated_text":"In 1341 King John of Bohemia allowed Jewish families to live in the city and the first synagogue was built in the city in 1380; however, several pogroms took place in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak Perang Hussite, kota ini secara tradisional menjadi benteng Gereja Katolik selama konflik agama berkepanjangan di Kerajaan Bohemia.","translated_text":"Since the Hussite War, the city has traditionally been a stronghold of the Catholic Church during the protracted religious conflict in the Kingdom of Bohemia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai bagian dari monarki Habsburg dari tahun 1526, Budejovice menjadi pendukung setia Kaisar Ferdinand II dalam Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun.","translated_text":"As part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526, Budejovice became a loyal supporter of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Budějovice mengalami pendudukan singkat oleh Prusia selama Perang Silesia, dan perang antara Habsburg dan tentara Prancis pada tahun 1742.","translated_text":"Budějovice suffered a brief occupation by Prussia during the War of Silesia, and a war between the Habsburgs and the French army in 1742.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 1762 Piaris mendirikan gimnasium di kota ini dan Kaisar Joseph II mendirikan keuskupan pada tahun 1785.","translated_text":"In 1762 Piaris established a gymnasium in the city and Emperor Joseph II established a diocese in 1785.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1847, pabrik pensil Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth dipindahkan dari Wina ke Budějovice.","translated_text":"In 1847, the Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth pencil factory was moved from Vienna to Budějovice.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota ini tetap menjadi berbahasa Jerman sampai tahun 1880, setelah bangsa Ceko menjadi suku mayoritas.","translated_text":"The city remained German-speaking until 1880, when the Czechs became a majority tribe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hingga akhir Perang Dunia II, kota ini memiliki minoritas Jerman yang signifikan (sekitar 15,5% pada tahun 1930).","translated_text":"Until the end of World War II, the city had a significant German minority (about 15.5% in 1930).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|last=King|first=Jeremy|date=2018|title=Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848–1948|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-18638-2}}</ref>","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selama Perang Dunia II, kota ini diduduki oleh Jerman.","translated_text":"During World War II, the city was occupied by Germany.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jerman mengoperasikan penjara Gestapo dan kamp kerja paksa di kota ini.","translated_text":"Germans operated Gestapo prisons and forced labor camps in the city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gestapogefängnis Budweis|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=955|website=Bundesarchiv.de|language=de|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=955","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":11843,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.990792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (92 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Budweis|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=579|website=Bundesarchiv.de|language=de|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=579","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":11816,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:13.694676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (87 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat tahap akhir perang, pada Maret 1945, Budějovice dua kali menjadi sasaran serangan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat yang merusak kota dan menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa.","translated_text":"During the final stages of the war, in March 1945, Budějovice was twice the target of a United States Air Force attack that devastated the city and caused many casualties.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di akhir perang, pada 9 Mei 1945, pasukan Soviet membebaskan kota tersebut.","translated_text":"At the end of the war, on May 9, 1945, Soviet forces liberated the city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keesokan harinya, Tentara Soviet dan Tentara Amerika Serikat bertemu di alun-alun utama dan merayakan pembebasan kota bersama.","translated_text":"The next day, the Soviet Army and the United States Army met in the main square and celebrated the liberation of the city together.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seluruh penduduk Jerman diusir pada tahun 1945 di bawah dekrit Beneš dan Perjanjian Potsdam.","translated_text":"The entire German population was expelled in 1945 under the Beneš decree and the Potsdam Treaty.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Geografi","translated_text":"Geography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"České Budějovice terletak sekitar selatan Praha.","translated_text":"České Budějovice is located about south of Prague.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota ini sebagian besar berada di tanah datar sehingga konturnya hampir rata di bagian dalam kota dengan daerah berbukit di pinggiran timur.","translated_text":"The city is largely flat so that its contours are almost flat in the inner city with hilly areas on the eastern outskirts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Titik tertinggi terletak sekitar di atas permukaan laut.","translated_text":"The highest point is located about above sea level.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Iklim","translated_text":"The climate","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"České Budějovice memiliki versi lebih sejuk dan basah dari iklim benua lembab (Dfb) dengan suhu tahunan rata-rata .","translated_text":"České Budějovice has a cooler and wetter version of the humid continental climate (Dfb) with average annual temperatures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada empat musim, dengan musim dingin yang kering antara awal Desember hingga awal Maret, musim semi yang cerah dan lebih basah antara sebagian Maret hingga sebagian Mei, lalu berubah menjadi musim panas yang basah dan hangat dari akhir Mei hingga awal September.","translated_text":"There are four seasons, with dry winters between early December and early March, bright and wet spring between part of March and part of May, and then turning into wet and warm summers from late May to early September.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Musim gugur yang kering berlangsung hingga akhir November.Demografi","translated_text":"The dry autumn lasts until the end of November.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Demografi","translated_text":"The demographics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ekonomi","translated_text":"The economy","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Budějovice telah lama terkenal sebagai sentra pembuatan bir sejak abad ke-13.","translated_text":"Budějovice has long been renowned as a center of brewing since the 13th century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1256, tempat pembuatan bir Svitavy didirikan di sana, namun ditutup pada tahun 2002.","translated_text":"In 1256, a Svitavy brewery was founded there, but closed in 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/czecbrew.htm www.europeanbeerguide.net]</ref>","char_index":95,"name":null,"url":"http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/czecbrew.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":329272,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:14.265157-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6943359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada satu waktu, kota ini adalah tempat pembuatan bir kekaisaran untuk Kaisar Romawi Suci, dan Budweiser Bier (yaitu bir dari Budweis), bersama dengan Pilsner dari Plzeň, menjadi salah satu lager paling terkenal.","translated_text":"At one time, the city was the imperial brewery for the Holy Roman Emperor, and Budweiser Bier (i.e. beer from Budweis), along with Pilsner from Plzeň, became one of the most famous lager.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>See the entry for Monday, 4 February 2008 on ''365 Amazing Trivia Facts'' (Workman Publishing, 2008).</ref>","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pembuatan bir tetap menjadi industri utama kota ini.","translated_text":"Brewing remains the city's main industry.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pabrik Bir Budweiser Budvar adalah produsen bir terbesar di kota ini yang didirikan pada tahun 1895.","translated_text":"Budweiser Budvar Brewery is the largest brewer in the city founded in 1895.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pabrik ini memasarkan birnya dengan merek \"Budweiser\" di sebagian besar pasar Eropa.","translated_text":"The brewery markets its beer under the brand \"Budweiser\" in most European markets.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Produk yang sama juga dijual di beberapa tempat lain dengan nama \"Budvar\" dan \"Czechvar\" karena adanya sengketa merek dagang dengan Anheuser-Busch atas merek Budweiser.","translated_text":"The same product was also sold in some other places under the names \"Budvar\" and \"Czechvar\" due to a trademark dispute with Anheuser-Busch over the Budweiser brand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anheuser","translated_text":"The Anheuser","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Busch telah membuat penawaran untuk membeli perusahaan pembuat bir tersebut untuk mengamankan hak global atas nama \"Budweiser\", tetapi pemerintah Ceko menolak semua tawaran tersebut, menganggap nama Budweiser sebagai kebanggaan nasional.","translated_text":"-Busch had made an offer to buy the brewery to secure global rights in the name of \"Budweiser\", but the Czech government rejected all such offers, considering the name Budweiser a national pride.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pivovar Samson merupakan produsen bir tertua dan terbesar kedua yang masih beroperasi yang didirikan pada tahun 1795.","translated_text":"Pivovar Samson is the oldest and second largest still operating brewery founded in 1795.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prousen bir ini berganti nama dari nama Jerman aslinya 'Budweiser Bürgerbräu' saat periode komunis.","translated_text":"The brewery was renamed from its original German name 'Budweiser Bürgerbräu' during the communist period.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bir ini juga diekspor dengan menggunakan merek \"Samson\" dan \"Crystal\".","translated_text":"This beer is also exported using the brands \"Samson\" and \"Crystal\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Transportasi","translated_text":"Transportation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota ini dapat dicapai dengan bus antar kota dan kereta api.","translated_text":"The city can be reached by intercity bus and rail.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dahulu, untuk koneksi internasional, terdapat jalur kereta api langsung yang dibangun oleh perusahaan Empress Elizabeth Railway Austria pada tahun 1871, yang menghubungkan Praha dengan Zürich, melalui Linz dan Salzburg.","translated_text":"Formerly, for international connections, there was a direct railway line built by the Empress Elizabeth Railway of Austria in 1871, connecting Prague with Zurich, via Linz and Salzburg.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kereta ini berhenti di České Budějovice.","translated_text":"This train stops at České Budějovice.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Schema linek dálkových vlaků ČR|url=https://www.cd.cz/images/cdos/prilohy/mapa-dalkove-dopravy-11-12-2016.pdf|website=České dráhy|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref>","char_index":40,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cd.cz/images/cdos/prilohy/mapa-dalkove-dopravy-11-12-2016.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:15.171586-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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southwest of České Budějovice, in the village of Planá.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Olahraga","translated_text":"Exercise","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"České Budějovice memiliki banyak fasilitas olahraga dan stadion nasional, termasuk stadion sepak bola Střeleký ostrov, arena hoki es Budvar dan Stadion Atletik Sokol.","translated_text":"České Budějovice has many sports facilities and national stadiums, including Střeleký ostrov football stadium, Budvar ice hockey arena and Sokol Athletic Stadium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pusat renang České Budějovice memiliki kolam renang indoor sepanjang 50 meter, kolam selam, sauna, kolam renang outdoor, dan kolam renang anak-anak.","translated_text":"The České Budějovice swimming centre has a 50-metre indoor pool, diving pool, sauna, outdoor pool, and children's pool.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Klub olahraga besar meliputi:","translated_text":"Major sports clubs include:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SK Dynamo České Budějovice (Liga Pertama Ceko) Motor České Budějovice (Extraliga Ceko) Jihostroj České Budějovice (Liga Bola Voli Ceko) TJ Sokol České Budějovice (Atletik) Hellboys České Budějovice (sepak bola Amerika) RC České Budějovice (Sepak bola rugbi) TJ Lokomotiva České Budějovice (Bola Tangan) Budějovické Barakudy (Kriket) FBC Štíři České Budějovice (Bola Lantai)","translated_text":"SK Dynamo České Budějovice (Czech First League) Motor České Budějovice (Czech Extraliga) Jihostroj České Budějovice (Czech Volleyball League) TJ Sokol České Budějovice (Athletics) Hellboys České Budějovice (American football) RC České Budějovice (rugby) TJ Lokomotiva České Budějovice (Handball) Budějovické Barak (Cricket) FBC Štíři České Budějovice (Football)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kota kembar","translated_text":"The Twin Cities","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"České Budějovice merupakan kota kembar dengan:","translated_text":"České Budějovice is a twin city with:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.c-budejovice.cz/partnerska-mesta|publisher=Statutární město České Budějovice|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"https://www.c-budejovice.cz/partnerska-mesta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:16.090425-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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in the \"Budweiser\" trademark case – Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 November 2004.","translated_text":"České Budějovice  ⁇  official page Official page Virtual Tourist tour of České Budějovice University of South Bohemia Region of České Budějovice České Budějovice  ⁇  tourism, basic facts, hotels České Budějovice  ⁇  tourism, basic facts, accommodation Text of European Court of Justice judgment in the \"Budweiser\" trademark case  ⁇  Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 November 2004.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002173911/http://www.c-budejovice.cz/cz |date=2008-10-02 }}","char_index":47,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081002173911/http://www.c-budejovice.cz/cz","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:36.839384-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}","char_index":208,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180805014100/http://a-ceske-budejovice.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:36.979835-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anheuser","translated_text":"The Anheuser","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Busch Inc. v Budĕjovický Budvar, národní podnik.","translated_text":"- Bush Inc. v Budĕjovický Budvar, national business.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reference for a preliminary ruling: Korkein oikeus – Finland.","translated_text":"Reference for a preliminary ruling: Korkein oikeus Finland.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation – Articles 2(1), 16(1) and 70 of the TRIPs Agreement – Trade marks – Scope of the proprietor's exclusive right to the trade mark – Alleged use of the sign as a trade name.","translated_text":"Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation  ⁇  Articles 2(1), 16(1) and 70 of the TRIPs Agreement  ⁇  Trade marks  ⁇  Scope of the proprietor's exclusive right to the trade mark  ⁇  Alleged use of the sign as a trade name.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Case C-245/02.","translated_text":"This is case C-245/02.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Švejk Central\": Web site devoted to the Hašek novel České Budějovice at the official website of the Czech republic Virtual show","translated_text":"\"Švejk Central\": Web site dedicated to the Hašek novel České Budějovice at the official website of the Czech republic Virtual show","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.czech.cz/en/culture/most-beautiful-sights-and-places-of-interest/towns/other-remarkable-czech-towns/ceske-budejovice/ |date=2015-09-23 }}","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.czech.cz/en/culture/most-beautiful-sights-and-places-of-interest/towns/other-remarkable-czech-towns/ceske-budejovice/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:37.048052-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Ceko","translated_text":"Category:Cities in the Czech Republic","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Ketika kota kerajaan didirikan pada 1265, kota ini disebut sebagai Budwoyz dan kemudian diadaptasi menjadi Budweis . Nama Budvicium digunakan dalam bahasa Latin. Setelah revolusi Hussite pada paruh pertama abad ke-15, nama České Budějovice (\"Budejovice Bohemian \") digunakan untuk membedakannya dari Moravské Budějovice (\"Budejovice Moravia \").","translated_text":"When the royal city was founded in 1265, the city was called Budwoyz and later adapted into Budweis. The name Budvicium is used in Latin. After the Hussite revolution in the first half of the 15th century, the name České Budějovice (\"Bodejovice Bohemian\") was used to distinguish it from Moravské Budějovice (\"Budejovice Moravia\").","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history2\">{{Cite web|title=Jméno města|url=http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta|website=Encyklopedie Českých Budějovic|publisher=NEBE|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>","char_index":344,"name":"history2","url":"http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":107678,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.603288-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.88671875}]},{"text":"Budějovice disebutkan pertama kali pada tahun 1251, ketika itu kota ini hanyalah sebuah desa.","translated_text":"Budějovice was first mentioned in 1251, when it was only a village.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history2\">{{Cite web|title=Jméno města|url=http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta|website=Encyklopedie Českých Budějovic|publisher=NEBE|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"history2","url":"http://www.encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz/clanek/jmeno-mesta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":107678,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.603288-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.88671875}]},{"text":"Kota kerajaan ini didirikan di lokasi ini pada tahun 1265 oleh Raja Ottokar II dari Bohemia. Penempatan dan perencanaan kota dilakukan oleh kesatria raja Hirzo. Para pemukim berbahasa Jerman datang dari Hutan Bohemia dan Austria Hulu.","translated_text":"The royal city was founded at this location in 1265 by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. The placement and planning of the city were carried out by the knights of King Hirzo. German-speaking settlers came from the forests of Bohemia and Upper Austria.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Rene Schreiber, Budweis / Ceske Budejovice: Eine südböhmische Stadt, p. 1.</ref>","char_index":234,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kota ini tetap menjadi berbahasa Jerman sampai tahun 1880, setelah bangsa Ceko menjadi suku mayoritas. Hingga akhir Perang Dunia II, kota ini memiliki minoritas Jerman yang signifikan (sekitar 15,5% pada tahun 1930).","translated_text":"The city remained German-speaking until 1880, when the Czechs became a majority tribe. Until the end of World War II, the city had a significant German minority (about 15.5% in 1930).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|last=King|first=Jeremy|date=2018|title=Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848–1948|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-18638-2}}</ref>","char_index":216,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selama Perang Dunia II, kota ini diduduki oleh Jerman. Jerman mengoperasikan penjara Gestapo dan kamp kerja paksa di kota ini.","translated_text":"During World War II, the city was occupied by Germany. Germans operated Gestapo prisons and forced labor camps in the city.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gestapogefängnis Budweis|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=955|website=Bundesarchiv.de|language=de|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=955","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":11843,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.990792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (92 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Budweis|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=579|website=Bundesarchiv.de|language=de|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=579","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":11816,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:13.694676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (87 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Budějovice telah lama terkenal sebagai sentra pembuatan bir sejak abad ke-13. Pada tahun 1256, tempat pembuatan bir Svitavy didirikan di sana, namun ditutup pada tahun 2002.","translated_text":"Budějovice has long been renowned as a center of brewing since the 13th century. In 1256, a Svitavy brewery was founded there, but closed in 2002.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/czecbrew.htm www.europeanbeerguide.net]</ref>","char_index":173,"name":null,"url":"http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/czecbrew.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":329272,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:14.265157-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6943359375}]},{"text":"Budějovice telah lama terkenal sebagai sentra pembuatan bir sejak abad ke-13. Pada tahun 1256, tempat pembuatan bir Svitavy didirikan di sana, namun ditutup pada tahun 2002. Pada satu waktu, kota ini adalah tempat pembuatan bir kekaisaran untuk Kaisar Romawi Suci, dan Budweiser Bier (yaitu bir dari Budweis), bersama dengan Pilsner dari Plzeň, menjadi salah satu lager paling terkenal.","translated_text":"Budějovice has long been renowned as a center of brewing since the 13th century. In 1256, a Svitavy brewery was founded there, but closed in 2002. At one time, the city was the imperial brewery for the Holy Roman Emperor, and Budweiser Bier (i.e. beer from Budweis), along with Pilsner from Plzeň, became one of the most famous lager.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>See the entry for Monday, 4 February 2008 on ''365 Amazing Trivia Facts'' (Workman Publishing, 2008).</ref>","char_index":309,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kota ini dapat dicapai dengan bus antar kota dan kereta api. Dahulu, untuk koneksi internasional, terdapat jalur kereta api langsung yang dibangun oleh perusahaan Empress Elizabeth Railway Austria pada tahun 1871, yang menghubungkan Praha dengan Zürich, melalui Linz dan Salzburg. Kereta ini berhenti di České Budějovice.","translated_text":"The city can be reached by intercity bus and rail. Formerly, for international connections, there was a direct railway line built by the Empress Elizabeth Railway of Austria in 1871, connecting Prague with Zurich, via Linz and Salzburg. This train stops at České Budějovice.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Schema linek dálkových vlaků ČR|url=https://www.cd.cz/images/cdos/prilohy/mapa-dalkove-dopravy-11-12-2016.pdf|website=České dráhy|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref>","char_index":321,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cd.cz/images/cdos/prilohy/mapa-dalkove-dopravy-11-12-2016.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:15.171586-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"České Budějovice merupakan kota kembar dengan:","translated_text":"České Budějovice is a twin city with:","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.c-budejovice.cz/partnerska-mesta|publisher=Statutární město České Budějovice|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref>","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"https://www.c-budejovice.cz/partnerska-mesta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:16.090425-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"České Budějovice – official page Official page Virtual Tourist tour of České Budějovice University of South Bohemia Region of České Budějovice České Budějovice – tourism, basic facts, hotels České Budějovice – tourism, basic facts, accommodation Text of European Court of Justice judgment in the \"Budweiser\" trademark case – Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 November 2004.","translated_text":"České Budějovice  ⁇  official page Official page Virtual Tourist tour of České Budějovice University of South Bohemia Region of České Budějovice České Budějovice  ⁇  tourism, basic facts, hotels České Budějovice  ⁇  tourism, basic facts, accommodation Text of European Court of Justice judgment in the \"Budweiser\" trademark case  ⁇  Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 November 2004.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002173911/http://www.c-budejovice.cz/cz |date=2008-10-02 }}","char_index":47,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081002173911/http://www.c-budejovice.cz/cz","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:36.839384-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622124813/http://www.jcu.cz/index.php?jazyk=en |date=2003-06-22 }}","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20030622124813/http://www.jcu.cz/index.php?jazyk=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:36.910245-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805014100/http://a-ceske-budejovice.com/ |date=2018-08-05 }}","char_index":208,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180805014100/http://a-ceske-budejovice.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:36.979835-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation – Articles 2(1), 16(1) and 70 of the TRIPs Agreement – Trade marks – Scope of the proprietor's exclusive right to the trade mark – Alleged use of the sign as a trade name. Case C-245/02. \"Švejk Central\": Web site devoted to the Hašek novel České Budějovice at the official website of the Czech republic Virtual show","translated_text":"Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation  ⁇  Articles 2(1), 16(1) and 70 of the TRIPs Agreement  ⁇  Trade marks  ⁇  Scope of the proprietor's exclusive right to the trade mark  ⁇  Alleged use of the sign as a trade name. This is case C-245/02. \"Švejk Central\": Web site dedicated to the Hašek novel České Budějovice at the official website of the Czech republic Virtual show","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.czech.cz/en/culture/most-beautiful-sights-and-places-of-interest/towns/other-remarkable-czech-towns/ceske-budejovice/ |date=2015-09-23 }}","char_index":355,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212548/http://www.czech.cz/en/culture/most-beautiful-sights-and-places-of-interest/towns/other-remarkable-czech-towns/ceske-budejovice/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:37.048052-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Cardiff","wikicode":"{{Infobox settlement\n| official_name = City and County of Cardiff\n| native_name = ''Dinas a Sir Caerdydd''\n| flag-type = Flag of Cardiff\n| image_skyline = Cardiff Montage.png\n| skyline_size = 125\n| image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Cardiff Bay]], the [[Senedd]], [[Cardiff University]] and the [[Millennium Stadium]]\n| website = http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/\n| image_flag = Flag of Cardiff.svg\n| flag-type = Flag of Cardiff\n| flag_size = 120px\n| image_shield =\n| shield_link =\n| shield_size = 85px\n| image_blank_emblem = Cardiff.council.logo.jpg\n| blank_emblem_type = Logo of Cardiff Council\n| blank_emblem_size = 120px\n| image_shield =\n| image_blank_emblem =\n| blank_emblem_type = The coat of arms of Cardiff\n| blank_emblem_size = 115px\n| motto = \"Y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn\"<br>(\"The red dragon will lead the way\")\n| image_map = Cardiff UK location map.svg\n| mapsize = 220px\n| map_caption = City and County of Cardiff<br>and (inset) within [[Wales]]\n| coordinates_region = GB\n| subdivision_type = Sovereign state\n| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} [[Britania Raya]]\n| subdivision_type1 = Constituent country\n| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Wales}} [[Wales]]\n| subdivision_type2 = Region\n| subdivision_name2 = [[South Wales]]\n| subdivision_type3 = Ceremonial county\n| subdivision_name3 = [[South Glamorgan]]\n| subdivision_type4 = Local government\n| subdivision_name4 = [[Cardiff Council]]\n| subdivision_type5 = City status\n| subdivision_name5 = 1905\n| leader_title = {{nowrap|[[Cardiff Council]] Leader }}\n| leader_name = Heather Joyce\n| leader_title1 = [[Welsh Assembly]]\n| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list\n | title =\n | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;\n | list_style = text-align:left;display:none;\n | 1 = [[Cardiff West (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff West]] (Lab)\n | 2 = [[Cardiff South and Penarth (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff South and Penarth]] (Lab)\n | 3 = [[Cardiff North (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff North]] (Lab)\n | 4 = [[Cardiff Central (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff Central]] (Lab)\n }}\n| leader_title2 = [[UK Parliament constituency|UK Parliament]]\n| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list\n | title =\n | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;\n | list_style = text-align:left;display:none;\n | 1 = [[Cardiff West (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff West]] (Lab)\n | 2 = [[Cardiff South and Penarth (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff South and Penarth]] (Lab)\n | 3 = [[Cardiff North (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff North]] (Con)\n | 4 = [[Cardiff Central (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff Central]] (Lib Dem)\n }}\n| leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[European Parliament]]}}\n| leader_name3 = Wales\n| area_total_km2 = 140.3\n| area_magnitude = 1 E7\n| area_urban_km2 = 75.72\n| area_metro_km2 =\n| population_as_of = 2011 census (urban area figures from 2001)\n| population_total = 346,100\n| population_urban = 292,150\n| population_urban_footnotes =*\n| population_metro = 861,400 <small>([[Larger Urban Zone]])</small>\n| population_density_km2 = auto\n| population_density_urban_km2 = auto\n| population_demonym = Cardiffian\n| population_footnotes =\n| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]\n| utc_offset = 0\n| timezone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]]\n| utc_offset_DST = +1\n| latd = 51 |latm=29|latNS=N\n| longd = 3 |longm=11|longEW=W\n| coordinates_type = type:city(324800)_region:GB-CRF\n| coordinates_display = inline,title\n<!-- Elevation ------------------------ -->\n| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags -->\n| elevation_m =\n| elevation_max_m =\n| elevation_min_m =\n| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the United Kingdom|Post codes]]\n| postal_code = [[CF postcode area|CF]]\n| area_code = [[List of Wales dialling codes|029]]\n| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom#Current system|Vehicle area codes]]\n| blank_info = CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CJ, CK, CL, CM, CN, CO\n| blank1_name = Police Force\n| blank1_info = [[South Wales Police]]\n| blank2_name = Fire Service\n| blank2_info = [[South Wales Fire and Rescue Service]]\n| blank3_name = Ambulans Service\n| blank3_info = [[Welsh Ambulans Service]]\n}}\n\n'''Cardiff''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Cardiff.ogg|ˈ|k|ɑr|d|ɪ|f}}; {{lang-cy|{{Audio-nohelp|Caerdydd.ogg|''Caerdydd''}}}} {{IPA-cy|kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð}}) adalah [[ibu kota]] negara bagian [[Wales]], [[Britania Raya]] semenjak tahun 1955. Kota ini memiliki [[penduduk]] sebesar 305.340 jiwa pada [[tahun]] [[2001]]. Pada 2011, Cardiff menduduki peringkat keenam di dunia dalam tujuan wisata alternatif ''National Geographic''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925|title='Gem' Cardiff in world's top 10|date=2011-06-22|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>\n\nSejak 1980-an, Cardiff telah memperihatkan perkembangan yang signifikan. Area tepi laut baru di '''Cardiff Bay''' berisi gedung Senedd, rumah bagi Majelis Welsh dan kompleks seni Wales Millennium Center. Perkembangan saat ini termasuk kelanjutan dari pembangunan kembali [[Teluk]] Cardiff dan daerah pusat kota dengan proyek-proyek seperti Cardiff International Sports Village, desa drama BBC dan area bisnis di pusat kota.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12905961|title=City business park 'needs skills'|date=2011-03-30|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>\n\n== Bahasa ==\nCardiff memiliki sejarah linguistik kotak-kotak dengan Welsh, Inggris, Latin, Norse, dan Norman [[Prancis|Perancis]] lebih dominan pada waktu yang berbeda. Bahasa Welsh adalah bahasa mayoritas di Cardiff dari abad ke-13 hingga pertumbuhan eksplosif kota pada era Victoria.<ref>Jenkins, Geraint H. (1997). ''The Welsh Language before the Industrial Revolution''. Cardiff.</ref> Bahasa Welsh dikelompokkan di sekitar sekelompok kecil kapel dan gereja, yang paling terkenal adalah Tabernacl di pusat kota, salah satu dari empat [[gereja]] Inggris yang dipilih untuk mengadakan layanan resmi untuk memperingati milenium baru.\n\n== Pemandangan kota ==\nHeath, Birchgrove, Gabalfa, [[Mynachdy]], Llandaff North, Llandaff, Llanishen, Radyr, Whitchurch & Tongwynlais, Rhiwbina, Thornhill, Lisvane, dan Cyncoed terletak di busur dari barat laut ke timur laut di pusat kota ini.\n\n== Pusat belanja ==\nMayoritas pusat belanja di Cardiff berada di pusat kota di sekitar Queen Street dan St. Mary Street, dengan taman ritel pinggiran kota besar yang terletak di Cardiff Bay, Culverhouse Cross, Leckwith, Newport Road dan Pontprennau, bersama dengan pasar di pusat kota dan Splott.\n\n== Pendidikan ==\nCardiff adalah rumah bagi empat institusi utama pendidikan tinggi: ''Universitas Cardiff, Universitas Metropolitan Cardiff, Universitas South Wales'' dan ''Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama''.\n\nUniversitas Cardiff didirikan oleh Royal Charter pada tahun 1883 sebagai University College of South Wales dan Monmouthshire,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|title=Milestones|date=2007-09-26|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> adalah anggota Grup Russell dari universitas terkemuka yang mengedepankan penelitian, memiliki sebagian besar kampusnya di Cathays dan pusat kota. Cardiff Metropolitan University (sebelumnya UWIC) memiliki kampus di daerah Llandaff, Cyncoed dan pusat kota, dan merupakan bagian dari konfederasi Universitas Wales. Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama adalah konservatori yang didirikan pada tahun 1949 dan berbasis di kastil Cardiff. Kampus Cardiff University of South Wales, Atrium, adalah rumah bagi Sekolah Industri Kreatif & Budaya Cardiff dan terletak di pusat kota.\n\n== Tempat wisata ==\n[[Berkas:Cardiff Castle - panoramio (1).jpg|jmpl|Cardiff Castle]]\nCardiff memiliki banyak bangunan terkenal seperti ''Stadion Principality,'' ''Pierhead Building Museum National Welsh'', dan ''Senedd'', rumah dari Majelis Nasional untuk Wales. Cardiff juga terkenal dengan Kastil Cardiff, ''St David's Hall'', Katedral Llandaff dan Wales Millennium Centre. Kastil Cardiff adalah objek wisata utama di kota dan terletak di jantung pusat kota. Museum Sejarah Nasional di St. Fagans di Cardiff adalah sebuah museum terbuka besar yang menampung puluhan bangunan dari seluruh sejarah Wales yang telah dipindahkan ke situs di Cardiff.\n[[Berkas:Castell Coch - exterior.JPG|pus|jmpl|Castell Coch]]Tempat wisata utama lainnya adalah situs regenerasi Teluk Cardiff yang mencakup ''Wales Millennium Center'' dan Senedd yang rbaru dibuka, banyak situs budaya dan situs menarik lainnya termasuk Teluk Cardiff Barrage dan Pertukaran Batubara yang terkenal. Teater Baru didirikan pada tahun 1906 dan diperbarui kembali pada tahun 1980-an. Sampai pembukaan Wales Millennium Center pada tahun 2004, itu adalah tempat utama di Wales untuk jelajah teater dan perusahaan tari. Tempat-tempat lain yang populer untuk konser dan acara olahraga termasuk Arena Motorpoint, ''St David's Hall'' dan ''Stadion Principality''. Cardiff Story, sebuah [[museum]] yang mendokumentasikan sejarah kota, telah dibuka untuk umum sejak musim semi 2011.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Daftar Ibu kota]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Wales]]\n[[Kategori:Distrik di Britania Raya]]\n[[Kategori:Ibu kota negara di Eropa]]","hash":"c95fc2fd5c89cbcff1415f3c984bd647d2d8df9c3696a4d84717b798097482cb","last_revision":"2022-08-09T22:18:51Z","first_revision":"2004-05-03T00:43:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.690076","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Cardiff","am":"ካርዲፍ","an":"Caerdydd","ang":"Cardiff","ar":"كارديف","ary":"كارديف","arz":"كارديف","ast":"Cárdif","az":"Kardiff","azb":"کاردیف","ban":"Cardiff","bar":"Cardiff","be":"Кардыф","be-x-old":"Кардыф","bew":"Kardip","bg":"Кардиф","bh":"कार्डिफ","bn":"কার্ডিফ","br":"Kerdiz","bs":"Cardiff","ca":"Cardiff","ceb":"Cardiff (kapital sa apil sa nasod)","ckb":"کاردیف","cs":"Cardiff","cy":"Caerdydd","da":"Cardiff","de":"Cardiff","diq":"Cardiff","dsb":"Cardiff","el":"Κάρντιφ","en":"Cardiff","eo":"Kardifo","es":"Cardiff","et":"Cardiff","eu":"Cardiff","ext":"Cardiff","fa":"کاردیف","fi":"Cardiff","fiu-vro":"Caerdydd","fo":"Cardiff","fr":"Cardiff","frr":"Cardiff","fy":"Cardiff","ga":"Caerdydd","gd":"Caerdydd","gl":"Cardiff","gv":"Cayr Deeth","he":"קארדיף","hi":"कार्डिफ़","hr":"Cardiff (Wales)","hsb":"Cardiff","ht":"Kadif","hu":"Cardiff","hy":"Քարդիֆ","ie":"Cardiff","io":"Cardiff","is":"Cardiff","it":"Cardiff","ja":"カーディフ","jv":"Cardiff","ka":"კარდიფი","kab":"Cardiff","kge":"Cardiff","kk":"Кардифф","ko":"카디프","ku":"Cardiff","kw":"Kardydh","ky":"Кардифф","la":"Cardiffa","lij":"Cardiff","lmo":"Cardiff","lt":"Kardifas","lv":"Kārdifa","mk":"Кардиф","ml":"കാർഡിഫ്","mn":"Кардифф","mni":"ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯐ","mr":"कार्डिफ","ms":"Cardiff","my":"ကားဒစ်မြို့","mzn":"کاردیف","nds":"Cardiff","nl":"Cardiff","nn":"Cardiff","nb":"Cardiff","oc":"Caerdydd","olo":"Caerdydd","os":"Кардифф","pa":"ਕਾਰਡਿਫ਼","pl":"Cardiff","pms":"Cardiff","pnb":"کارڈف","pt":"Cardiff","qu":"Cardiff","rmy":"Cardiff","ro":"Cardiff","ru":"Кардифф","scn":"Cardiff","sco":"Cairdiff","se":"Caerdydd","sh":"Cardiff","simple":"Cardiff","sk":"Cardiff","sl":"Cardiff","sn":"Cardiff","sq":"Kardif","sr":"Кардиф","sv":"Cardiff","sw":"Cardiff","szl":"Cardiff","ta":"கார்டிஃப்","th":"คาร์ดิฟฟ์","tl":"Cardiff","tly":"Kardiff","tr":"Cardiff","tt":"Кардифф","tum":"Cardiff","tw":"Cardiff","udm":"Кардифф","uk":"Кардіфф","ur":"کارڈف","uz":"Cardiff","vec":"Cardiff","vi":"Cardiff","vls":"Cardiff","war":"Cardiff","wuu":"卡迪夫","yi":"קארדיף","zea":"Cardiff","zh":"加的夫","zh-min-nan":"Cardiff","zh-yue":"卡迪夫"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Cardiff (; ) adalah ibu kota negara bagian Wales, Britania Raya semenjak tahun 1955. Kota ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 305.340 jiwa pada tahun 2001. Pada 2011, Cardiff menduduki peringkat keenam di dunia dalam tujuan wisata alternatif National Geographic.\n\nSejak 1980-an, Cardiff telah memperihatkan perkembangan yang signifikan. Area tepi laut baru di Cardiff Bay berisi gedung Senedd, rumah bagi Majelis Welsh dan kompleks seni Wales Millennium Center. Perkembangan saat ini termasuk kelanjutan dari pembangunan kembali Teluk Cardiff dan daerah pusat kota dengan proyek-proyek seperti Cardiff International Sports Village, desa drama BBC dan area bisnis di pusat kota.\n\nCardiff memiliki sejarah linguistik kotak-kotak dengan Welsh, Inggris, Latin, Norse, dan Norman Perancis lebih dominan pada waktu yang berbeda. Bahasa Welsh adalah bahasa mayoritas di Cardiff dari abad ke-13 hingga pertumbuhan eksplosif kota pada era Victoria. Bahasa Welsh dikelompokkan di sekitar sekelompok kecil kapel dan gereja, yang paling terkenal adalah Tabernacl di pusat kota, salah satu dari empat gereja Inggris yang dipilih untuk mengadakan layanan resmi untuk memperingati milenium baru.\n\nHeath, Birchgrove, Gabalfa, Mynachdy, Llandaff North, Llandaff, Llanishen, Radyr, Whitchurch & Tongwynlais, Rhiwbina, Thornhill, Lisvane, dan Cyncoed terletak di busur dari barat laut ke timur laut di pusat kota ini.\n\nMayoritas pusat belanja di Cardiff berada di pusat kota di sekitar Queen Street dan St. Mary Street, dengan taman ritel pinggiran kota besar yang terletak di Cardiff Bay, Culverhouse Cross, Leckwith, Newport Road dan Pontprennau, bersama dengan pasar di pusat kota dan Splott.\n\nCardiff adalah rumah bagi empat institusi utama pendidikan tinggi: Universitas Cardiff, Universitas Metropolitan Cardiff, Universitas South Wales dan Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.\n\nUniversitas Cardiff didirikan oleh Royal Charter pada tahun 1883 sebagai University College of South Wales dan Monmouthshire, adalah anggota Grup Russell dari universitas terkemuka yang mengedepankan penelitian, memiliki sebagian besar kampusnya di Cathays dan pusat kota. Cardiff Metropolitan University (sebelumnya UWIC) memiliki kampus di daerah Llandaff, Cyncoed dan pusat kota, dan merupakan bagian dari konfederasi Universitas Wales. Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama adalah konservatori yang didirikan pada tahun 1949 dan berbasis di kastil Cardiff. Kampus Cardiff University of South Wales, Atrium, adalah rumah bagi Sekolah Industri Kreatif & Budaya Cardiff dan terletak di pusat kota.\n\nCardiff memiliki banyak bangunan terkenal seperti Stadion Principality, Pierhead Building Museum National Welsh, dan Senedd, rumah dari Majelis Nasional untuk Wales. Cardiff juga terkenal dengan Kastil Cardiff, St David's Hall, Katedral Llandaff dan Wales Millennium Centre. Kastil Cardiff adalah objek wisata utama di kota dan terletak di jantung pusat kota. Museum Sejarah Nasional di St. Fagans di Cardiff adalah sebuah museum terbuka besar yang menampung puluhan bangunan dari seluruh sejarah Wales yang telah dipindahkan ke situs di Cardiff. Tempat wisata utama lainnya adalah situs regenerasi Teluk Cardiff yang mencakup Wales Millennium Center dan Senedd yang rbaru dibuka, banyak situs budaya dan situs menarik lainnya termasuk Teluk Cardiff Barrage dan Pertukaran Batubara yang terkenal. Teater Baru didirikan pada tahun 1906 dan diperbarui kembali pada tahun 1980-an. Sampai pembukaan Wales Millennium Center pada tahun 2004, itu adalah tempat utama di Wales untuk jelajah teater dan perusahaan tari. Tempat-tempat lain yang populer untuk konser dan acara olahraga termasuk Arena Motorpoint, St David's Hall dan Stadion Principality. Cardiff Story, sebuah museum yang mendokumentasikan sejarah kota, telah dibuka untuk umum sejak musim semi 2011.\n\nDaftar Ibu kota\n\nKategori:Kota di Wales Kategori:Distrik di Britania Raya Kategori:Ibu kota negara di Eropa\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox settlement\n| official_name = City and County of Cardiff\n| native_name = ''Dinas a Sir Caerdydd''\n| flag-type = Flag of Cardiff\n| image_skyline = Cardiff Montage.png\n| skyline_size = 125\n| image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Cardiff Bay]], the [[Senedd]], [[Cardiff University]] and the [[Millennium Stadium]]\n| website = http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/\n| image_flag = Flag of Cardiff.svg\n| flag-type = Flag of Cardiff\n| flag_size = 120px\n| image_shield =\n| shield_link =\n| shield_size = 85px\n| image_blank_emblem = Cardiff.council.logo.jpg\n| blank_emblem_type = Logo of Cardiff Council\n| blank_emblem_size = 120px\n| image_shield =\n| image_blank_emblem =\n| blank_emblem_type = The coat of arms of Cardiff\n| blank_emblem_size = 115px\n| motto = \"Y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn\"<br>(\"The red dragon will lead the way\")\n| image_map = Cardiff UK location map.svg\n| mapsize = 220px\n| map_caption = City and County of Cardiff<br>and (inset) within [[Wales]]\n| coordinates_region = GB\n| subdivision_type = Sovereign state\n| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Britania Raya}} [[Britania Raya]]\n| subdivision_type1 = Constituent country\n| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Wales}} [[Wales]]\n| subdivision_type2 = Region\n| subdivision_name2 = [[South Wales]]\n| subdivision_type3 = Ceremonial county\n| subdivision_name3 = [[South Glamorgan]]\n| subdivision_type4 = Local government\n| subdivision_name4 = [[Cardiff Council]]\n| subdivision_type5 = City status\n| subdivision_name5 = 1905\n| leader_title = {{nowrap|[[Cardiff Council]] Leader }}\n| leader_name = Heather Joyce\n| leader_title1 = [[Welsh Assembly]]\n| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list\n | title =\n | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;\n | list_style = text-align:left;display:none;\n | 1 = [[Cardiff West (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff West]] (Lab)\n | 2 = [[Cardiff South and Penarth (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff South and Penarth]] (Lab)\n | 3 = [[Cardiff North (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff North]] (Lab)\n | 4 = [[Cardiff Central (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff Central]] (Lab)\n }}\n| leader_title2 = [[UK Parliament constituency|UK Parliament]]\n| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list\n | title =\n | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;\n | list_style = text-align:left;display:none;\n | 1 = [[Cardiff West (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff West]] (Lab)\n | 2 = [[Cardiff South and Penarth (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff South and Penarth]] (Lab)\n | 3 = [[Cardiff North (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff North]] (Con)\n | 4 = [[Cardiff Central (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff Central]] (Lib Dem)\n }}\n| leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[European Parliament]]}}\n| leader_name3 = Wales\n| area_total_km2 = 140.3\n| area_magnitude = 1 E7\n| area_urban_km2 = 75.72\n| area_metro_km2 =\n| population_as_of = 2011 census (urban area figures from 2001)\n| population_total = 346,100\n| population_urban = 292,150\n| population_urban_footnotes =*\n| population_metro = 861,400 <small>([[Larger Urban Zone]])</small>\n| population_density_km2 = auto\n| population_density_urban_km2 = auto\n| population_demonym = Cardiffian\n| population_footnotes =\n| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]\n| utc_offset = 0\n| timezone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]]\n| utc_offset_DST = +1\n| latd = 51 |latm=29|latNS=N\n| longd = 3 |longm=11|longEW=W\n| coordinates_type = type:city(324800)_region:GB-CRF\n| coordinates_display = inline,title\n<!-- Elevation ------------------------ -->\n| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags -->\n| elevation_m =\n| elevation_max_m =\n| elevation_min_m =\n| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the United Kingdom|Post codes]]\n| postal_code = [[CF postcode area|CF]]\n| area_code = [[List of Wales dialling codes|029]]\n| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom#Current system|Vehicle area codes]]\n| blank_info = CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CJ, CK, CL, CM, CN, CO\n| blank1_name = Police Force\n| blank1_info = [[South Wales Police]]\n| blank2_name = Fire Service\n| blank2_info = [[South Wales Fire and Rescue Service]]\n| blank3_name = Ambulans Service\n| blank3_info = [[Welsh Ambulans Service]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cardiff (; ) adalah ibu kota negara bagian Wales, Britania Raya semenjak tahun 1955.","translated_text":"Cardiff (; ) has been the capital of the state of Wales, United Kingdom since 1955.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 305.340 jiwa pada tahun 2001.","translated_text":"The city had a population of 305,340 in 2001.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 2011, Cardiff menduduki peringkat keenam di dunia dalam tujuan wisata alternatif National Geographic.","translated_text":"In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925|title='Gem' Cardiff in world's top 10|date=2011-06-22|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":300511,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:40.213350-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.931640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak 1980-an, Cardiff telah memperihatkan perkembangan yang signifikan.","translated_text":"Since the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Area tepi laut baru di Cardiff Bay berisi gedung Senedd, rumah bagi Majelis Welsh dan kompleks seni Wales Millennium Center.","translated_text":"The new seaside area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly and the Wales Millennium Centre art complex.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perkembangan saat ini termasuk kelanjutan dari pembangunan kembali Teluk Cardiff dan daerah pusat kota dengan proyek-proyek seperti Cardiff International Sports Village, desa drama BBC dan area bisnis di pusat kota.","translated_text":"Current developments include the continuation of the redevelopment of Cardiff Bay and the city centre area with projects such as Cardiff International Sports Village, BBC drama village and business area in the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12905961|title=City business park 'needs skills'|date=2011-03-30|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>","char_index":215,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12905961","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:40.560257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bahasa","translated_text":"Language","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cardiff memiliki sejarah linguistik kotak-kotak dengan Welsh, Inggris, Latin, Norse, dan Norman Perancis lebih dominan pada waktu yang berbeda.","translated_text":"Cardiff has a boxed linguistic history with Welsh, English, Latin, Norse, and Norman French being more dominant at different times.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Welsh adalah bahasa mayoritas di Cardiff dari abad ke-13 hingga pertumbuhan eksplosif kota pada era Victoria.","translated_text":"Welsh was the majority language in Cardiff from the 13th century until the city's explosive growth in the Victorian era.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Jenkins, Geraint H. (1997). ''The Welsh Language before the Industrial Revolution''. Cardiff.</ref>","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Welsh dikelompokkan di sekitar sekelompok kecil kapel dan gereja, yang paling terkenal adalah Tabernacl di pusat kota, salah satu dari empat gereja Inggris yang dipilih untuk mengadakan layanan resmi untuk memperingati milenium baru.","translated_text":"The Welsh language is grouped around a small group of chapels and churches, the most famous being the Tabernacle in the city centre, one of four English churches chosen to hold official services to commemorate the new millennium.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemandangan kota","translated_text":"View of the city","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Heath, Birchgrove, Gabalfa, Mynachdy, Llandaff North, Llandaff, Llanishen, Radyr, Whitchurch & Tongwynlais, Rhiwbina, Thornhill, Lisvane, dan Cyncoed terletak di busur dari barat laut ke timur laut di pusat kota ini.","translated_text":"Heath, Birchgrove, Gabalfa, Mynachdy, Llandaff North, Llandaff, Llanishen, Radyr, Whitchurch & Tongwynlais, Rhiwbina, Thornhill, Lisvane, and Cyncoed lie in an arc from northwest to northeast in the centre of this town.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pusat belanja","translated_text":"Shopping mall","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mayoritas pusat belanja di Cardiff berada di pusat kota di sekitar Queen Street dan St. Mary Street, dengan taman ritel pinggiran kota besar yang terletak di Cardiff Bay, Culverhouse Cross, Leckwith, Newport Road dan Pontprennau, bersama dengan pasar di pusat kota dan Splott.","translated_text":"The majority of shopping centres in Cardiff are in the city centre around Queen Street and St. Mary Street, with large suburban retail parks located in Cardiff Bay, Culverhouse Cross, Leckwith, Newport Road and Pontprennau, along with markets in the city centre and Splott.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pendidikan","translated_text":"Education","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cardiff adalah rumah bagi empat institusi utama pendidikan tinggi: Universitas Cardiff, Universitas Metropolitan Cardiff, Universitas South Wales dan Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.","translated_text":"Cardiff is home to four major higher education institutions: Cardiff University, Cardiff Metropolitan University, the University of South Wales and the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Universitas Cardiff didirikan oleh Royal Charter pada tahun 1883 sebagai University College of South Wales dan Monmouthshire, adalah anggota Grup Russell dari universitas terkemuka yang mengedepankan penelitian, memiliki sebagian besar kampusnya di Cathays dan pusat kota.","translated_text":"Cardiff University was founded by Royal Charter in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-leading universities, having most of its campuses in Cathays and the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|title=Milestones|date=2007-09-26|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>","char_index":125,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":82869,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:41.082602-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (100 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|title=Milestones|date=2007-09-26|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>","char_index":125,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:42.129537-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cardiff Metropolitan University (sebelumnya UWIC) memiliki kampus di daerah Llandaff, Cyncoed dan pusat kota, dan merupakan bagian dari konfederasi Universitas Wales.","translated_text":"Cardiff Metropolitan University (formerly UWIC) has campuses in Llandaff, Cyncoed and the city centre, and is part of the University Confederation of Wales.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama adalah konservatori yang didirikan pada tahun 1949 dan berbasis di kastil Cardiff.","translated_text":"The Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama is a conservatory founded in 1949 and based in Cardiff Castle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kampus Cardiff University of South Wales, Atrium, adalah rumah bagi Sekolah Industri Kreatif & Budaya Cardiff dan terletak di pusat kota.","translated_text":"The Cardiff University of South Wales campus, Atrium, is home to the Cardiff School of Creative Industry & Culture and is located in the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tempat wisata","translated_text":"A tourist attraction","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cardiff memiliki banyak bangunan terkenal seperti Stadion Principality, Pierhead Building Museum National Welsh, dan Senedd, rumah dari Majelis Nasional untuk Wales.","translated_text":"Cardiff has many notable buildings such as the Principality Stadium, the Pierhead Building National Welsh Museum, and the Senedd, home of the National Assembly for Wales.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cardiff juga terkenal dengan Kastil Cardiff, St David's Hall, Katedral Llandaff dan Wales Millennium Centre.","translated_text":"Cardiff is also famous for Cardiff Castle, St David's Hall, Llandaff Cathedral and Wales Millennium Centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kastil Cardiff adalah objek wisata utama di kota dan terletak di jantung pusat kota.","translated_text":"Cardiff Castle is a major tourist attraction in the city and is located in the heart of the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Museum Sejarah Nasional di St. Fagans di Cardiff adalah sebuah museum terbuka besar yang menampung puluhan bangunan dari seluruh sejarah Wales yang telah dipindahkan ke situs di Cardiff.","translated_text":"The National History Museum at St. Fagans in Cardiff is a large open-air museum housing dozens of buildings from across the history of Wales that have been moved to the Cardiff site.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tempat wisata utama lainnya adalah situs regenerasi Teluk Cardiff yang mencakup Wales Millennium Center dan Senedd yang rbaru dibuka, banyak situs budaya dan situs menarik lainnya termasuk Teluk Cardiff Barrage dan Pertukaran Batubara yang terkenal.","translated_text":"Other major tourist attractions are the regeneration site of Cardiff Bay which includes the newly opened Wales Millennium Centre and Senedd, many other cultural sites and sites of interest including Cardiff Bay Barrage and the famous Coal Exchange.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teater Baru didirikan pada tahun 1906 dan diperbarui kembali pada tahun 1980-an.","translated_text":"The New Theatre was founded in 1906 and renovated again in the 1980s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sampai pembukaan Wales Millennium Center pada tahun 2004, itu adalah tempat utama di Wales untuk jelajah teater dan perusahaan tari.","translated_text":"Until the opening of the Wales Millennium Centre in 2004, it was the premier venue in Wales for touring theatre and dance companies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tempat","translated_text":"The place","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-tempat lain yang populer untuk konser dan acara olahraga termasuk Arena Motorpoint, St David's Hall dan Stadion Principality.","translated_text":"- Other popular venues for concerts and sporting events include the Motorpoint Arena, St David's Hall and Principality Stadium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cardiff Story, sebuah museum yang mendokumentasikan sejarah kota, telah dibuka untuk umum sejak musim semi 2011.","translated_text":"Cardiff Story, a museum documenting the city's history, has been open to the public since the spring of 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daftar Ibu kota","translated_text":"List of capitals","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Wales Kategori:Distrik di Britania Raya Kategori:Ibu kota negara di Eropa","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Wales Category:Districts in the United Kingdom Category:Capital of countries in Europe","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Cardiff (; ) adalah ibu kota negara bagian Wales, Britania Raya semenjak tahun 1955. Kota ini memiliki penduduk sebesar 305.340 jiwa pada tahun 2001. Pada 2011, Cardiff menduduki peringkat keenam di dunia dalam tujuan wisata alternatif National Geographic.","translated_text":"Cardiff (; ) has been the capital of the state of Wales, United Kingdom since 1955. The city had a population of 305,340 in 2001. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925|title='Gem' Cardiff in world's top 10|date=2011-06-22|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>","char_index":256,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-13875925","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":300511,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:40.213350-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.931640625}]},{"text":"Sejak 1980-an, Cardiff telah memperihatkan perkembangan yang signifikan. Area tepi laut baru di Cardiff Bay berisi gedung Senedd, rumah bagi Majelis Welsh dan kompleks seni Wales Millennium Center. Perkembangan saat ini termasuk kelanjutan dari pembangunan kembali Teluk Cardiff dan daerah pusat kota dengan proyek-proyek seperti Cardiff International Sports Village, desa drama BBC dan area bisnis di pusat kota.","translated_text":"Since the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development. The new seaside area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly and the Wales Millennium Centre art complex. Current developments include the continuation of the redevelopment of Cardiff Bay and the city centre area with projects such as Cardiff International Sports Village, BBC drama village and business area in the city centre.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12905961|title=City business park 'needs skills'|date=2011-03-30|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>","char_index":413,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12905961","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:40.560257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}]},{"text":"Cardiff memiliki sejarah linguistik kotak-kotak dengan Welsh, Inggris, Latin, Norse, dan Norman Perancis lebih dominan pada waktu yang berbeda. Bahasa Welsh adalah bahasa mayoritas di Cardiff dari abad ke-13 hingga pertumbuhan eksplosif kota pada era Victoria.","translated_text":"Cardiff has a boxed linguistic history with Welsh, English, Latin, Norse, and Norman French being more dominant at different times. Welsh was the majority language in Cardiff from the 13th century until the city's explosive growth in the Victorian era.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Jenkins, Geraint H. (1997). ''The Welsh Language before the Industrial Revolution''. Cardiff.</ref>","char_index":260,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Universitas Cardiff didirikan oleh Royal Charter pada tahun 1883 sebagai University College of South Wales dan Monmouthshire, adalah anggota Grup Russell dari universitas terkemuka yang mengedepankan penelitian, memiliki sebagian besar kampusnya di Cathays dan pusat kota.","translated_text":"Cardiff University was founded by Royal Charter in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-leading universities, having most of its campuses in Cathays and the city centre.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|title=Milestones|date=2007-09-26|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>","char_index":125,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":82869,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:41.082602-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (100 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|title=Milestones|date=2007-09-26|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-02-25|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>","char_index":125,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212224/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/milestones/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:42.129537-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Fluktuasi","wikicode":"{{KBBI|Fluktuasi}}\n{{Wiktionary}}\n{{penghubung}}\n\n'''Fluktuasi''' adalah ketidaktetapan atau guncangan, sebagai contoh terhadap harga barang dan sebagainya, atas segala hal yang bisa dilihat di dalam sebuah [[Grafika|grafik]].\n\nFluktuasi dapat merujuk kepada:\n\n* [[Quantum fluktuasi]] yang timbul dari prinsip ketidakpastian\n* [[Fluktuasi primordial]] variasi kepadatan, di alam semesta awal\n* [[Statistik fluktuasi]], sangat penting dalam statistik, mekanika statistik, dan termodinamika\n* [[Thermal fluktuasi]], fluktuasi statistik dalam variabel termodinamika\n* Sebuah nama alternatif untuk konjungtur, kombinasi peristiwa penting dalam ilmu ekonomi\n* [[Fluktuasi Vacuum]]\n* [[Fluktuasi Konduktansi Universal]], sebuah fenomena fisika kuantum yang dihadapi dalam percobaan transportasi listrik di mesoscopic spesies\n\n{{disambig}}<!--\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\nKomentar panjang agar halaman tidak dimasukkan ke daftar halaman pendek\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-->\n\n[[en:Fluctuations]]","hash":"1819ddd2c2ab7df7bdd9c6f2f717a0d5ab6b5f34e1e8c180a98a7c3a16e503d3","last_revision":"2022-08-13T06:59:14Z","first_revision":"2004-03-22T12:54:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.754821","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Fluctuations"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Fluktuasi adalah ketidaktetapan atau guncangan, sebagai contoh terhadap harga barang dan sebagainya, atas segala hal yang bisa dilihat di dalam sebuah grafik.\n\nFluktuasi dapat merujuk kepada:\n\nQuantum fluktuasi yang timbul dari prinsip ketidakpastian Fluktuasi primordial variasi kepadatan, di alam semesta awal Statistik fluktuasi, sangat penting dalam statistik, mekanika statistik, dan termodinamika Thermal fluktuasi, fluktuasi statistik dalam variabel termodinamika Sebuah nama alternatif untuk konjungtur, kombinasi peristiwa penting dalam ilmu ekonomi Fluktuasi Vacuum Fluktuasi Konduktansi Universal, sebuah fenomena fisika kuantum yang dihadapi dalam percobaan transportasi listrik di mesoscopic spesies\n\nen:Fluctuations\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fluktuasi adalah ketidaktetapan atau guncangan, sebagai contoh terhadap harga barang dan sebagainya, atas segala hal yang bisa dilihat di dalam sebuah grafik.","translated_text":"A fluctuation is an inaccuracy or fluctuation, for example in the price of a commodity and so on, over everything that can be seen in a graph.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fluktuasi dapat merujuk kepada:","translated_text":"Fluctuation may refer to:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Quantum fluktuasi yang timbul dari prinsip ketidakpastian Fluktuasi primordial variasi kepadatan, di alam semesta awal Statistik fluktuasi, sangat penting dalam statistik, mekanika statistik, dan termodinamika Thermal fluktuasi, fluktuasi statistik dalam variabel termodinamika Sebuah nama alternatif untuk konjungtur, kombinasi peristiwa penting dalam ilmu ekonomi Fluktuasi Vacuum Fluktuasi Konduktansi Universal, sebuah fenomena fisika kuantum yang dihadapi dalam percobaan transportasi listrik di mesoscopic spesies","translated_text":"Quantum fluctuations arising from the principle of uncertainty Primordial fluctuations of density variations, in the early universe Statistical fluctuations, very important in statistics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics Thermal fluctuations, statistical fluctuations in thermodynamic variables An alternative name for a conjuncture, a combination of important events in economic science Vacuum fluctuations Universal conductance fluctuations, a quantum physics phenomenon encountered in electrical experiments in mesoscopic species transport","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"en:Fluctuations","translated_text":"en:Fluctuations","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Formulir","wikicode":"{{kembangkan}}\n'''Formulir''' ({{lang-nl|formulier}}), '''borang''', '''blangko''', atau '''surat isian''' adalah sebuah kertas yang berisi beberapa pertanyaan formal yang harus diisi.\n\nKeuntungan penggunaan formulir adalah:\n* Orang tidak perlu menulis sembarangan (sehingga mencetak hasilnya merupakan suatu yang [[standar]] dan bisa dilakukan secara [[otomatis]])\n* Orang akan tahu apa yang perlu dijawab dan tidak perlu dijawab dari pertanyaan tersebut\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Dokumen]]\n\n[[Kategori:Menulis]]","hash":"1b60682bcd0634f7ed1a4b9238ce83d078ac5cca472c06e4d5e9fa4986f0e267","last_revision":"2024-02-15T13:25:26Z","first_revision":"2004-03-22T08:47:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.838169","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"استمارة","ca":"Formulari","cs":"Formulář","da":"Blanket","de":"Formular","en":"Form (document)","es":"Formulario","eu":"Formulario","fr":"Formulaire","he":"טופס","io":"Formulario","ja":"帳票","kk":"Бланк","ko":"폼 (문서)","ky":"Бланк","mk":"Образец","nl":"Formulier","nb":"Skjema","pl":"Formularz","pt":"Formulário","ru":"Бланк","sv":"Formulär","tr":"Form (belge)","tyv":"Хуудус","uk":"Бланк","zh":"表單","zh-yue":"表格文件"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Formulir (), borang, blangko, atau surat isian adalah sebuah kertas yang berisi beberapa pertanyaan formal yang harus diisi.\n\nKeuntungan penggunaan formulir adalah: Orang tidak perlu menulis sembarangan (sehingga mencetak hasilnya merupakan suatu yang standar dan bisa dilakukan secara otomatis) Orang akan tahu apa yang perlu dijawab dan tidak perlu dijawab dari pertanyaan tersebut\n\nDokumen\n\nKategori:Menulis\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Formulir (), borang, blangko, atau surat isian adalah sebuah kertas yang berisi beberapa pertanyaan formal yang harus diisi.","translated_text":"A form (), blanket, blank, or filling sheet is a sheet of paper that contains some formal questions to be filled in.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Keuntungan penggunaan formulir adalah: Orang tidak perlu menulis sembarangan (sehingga mencetak hasilnya merupakan suatu yang standar dan bisa dilakukan secara otomatis)","translated_text":"The advantages of using a form are: People don't have to write a blank (so printing the results is standard and can be done automatically)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang akan tahu apa yang perlu dijawab dan tidak perlu dijawab dari pertanyaan tersebut","translated_text":"People will know what to answer and don't have to answer that question.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dokumen","translated_text":"The document","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Menulis","translated_text":"Category:Writing","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Diversifikasi (ekonomi)","wikicode":"'''Diversifikasi ekonomi''', '''penganekaragaman ekonomi''', atau '''penganekaan ekonomi''' adalah usaha menganekaragamkan produk atau bidang usaha yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan sehingga arus kas perusahaan dapat lebih stabil.ini dilakukan perusahaan untuk mengatasi krisis ekonomi sehingga apabila suatu perusahaan mengalami kemerosotan pendapatan di salah satu produk atau negara/daerah, di produk atau negara/daerah lain mendapatkan kelebihan pendapatan sehingga kekurangan yang terjadi bisa tertutupi.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Utami|first=Fajria Anindya|date=27-11-2020|title=Apa Itu Diversifikasi?|url=https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read315882/apa-itu-diversifikasi|work=[[Warta Ekonomi]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-26}}</ref> Biasanya hal ini dilakukan oleh [[Perusahaan multinasional|perusahan multinasional]] karena perusahaan dapat menjamin pendapatan/arus kas yang lebih stabil sehingga meningkatkan kepercayaan kepada [[pemegang saham]].\n\n== Tujuan ==\nDiversifikasi produk bertujuan untuk meningkatkan volume/kuantitas penjualan yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang telah berada pada tahap kedewasaan. Dengan diversifikasi produk, suatu perusahaan tidak akan bergantung pada satu jenis produk tetapi perusahaan juga dapat mengandalkan produk lainnya karena jika salah satu jenis produknya mengalami penurunan, maka akan dapat teratasi dengan produk jenis lainnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hermawan|first=Lucius|date=2015|title=Dilema Diversifikasi Produk: Meningkatkan Pendapatan atau Menimbulkan Kanibalisme Produk?|url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/kompetensi/article/view/1702|journal=Competence: Journal of Management Studies|publisher=Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Trunojoyo|volume=9|issue=2|pages=143|doi=10.21107/kompetensi.v9i2.1702|issn=2541-2655}}</ref>\n\nDalam operasional bisnis, perusahaan yang bergantung pada satu produk akan terpapar risiko lebih tinggi apabila produk tersebut gagal di pasaran. Itu sebabnya, perusahaan perlu melakukan diversifikasi dengan menghasilkan produk atau jasa lainnya agar perusahaan terhindar dari risiko kegagalan. Selain mengurangi risiko karena ketergantungan pada satu produk atau jasa, mendiversifikasi usaha berarti semakin banyak peluang keuntungan yang bisa didapatkan sehingga membuat perusahaan semakin stabil dalam menjalankan bisnisnya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Idris|first=Muhammad|date=2021-07-24|title=Apa Itu Diversifikasi: Definisi, Manfaat, dan Contohnya|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/07/24/115041226/apa-itu-diversifikasi-definisi-manfaat-dan-contohnya|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-26|editor-last=Idris|editor-first=Muhammad}}</ref>\n\n== Strategi ==\nTerdapat tiga strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam diversifikasi ekonomi. Ketiga strategi itu adalah:<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mardatila|first=Ani|date=2020-06-11|title=Diversifikasi adalah Usaha Keanekaragaman Produk, Berikut Jenis dan Tujuannya|url=https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/diversifikasi-adalah-usaha-keanekaragaman-produk-berikut-jenis-dan-tujuannya-kln.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-27|editor-last=mardatila|editor-first=Ani}}</ref>\n\n# Diversifikasi konsentris. Diversifikasi konsentris adalah jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara penambahan [[produk]] atau layanan serupa ke bisnis yang ada. Contoh dari diversifikasi konsentris seperti ketika sebuah perusahaan yang dahulu hanya memproduksi komputer kemudian juga mulai memproduksi laptop berarti perusahaan tersebut sedang menggunakan strategi diversifikasi konsentris.\n# Diversifikasi horizontal. Diversifikasi horizontal adalah jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara penyediaan produk atau layanan baru dan tidak terkait kepada [[konsumen]] yang sudah ada. Misalnya, produsen notebook yang ikut memproduksi serta memasukki pasar pena adalah contoh perusahaan yang sedang  strategi diversifikasi horizontal.\n# Diversifikasi konglomerat. Diversifikasi konglomerat jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan produk atau layanan baru yang tidak terkait dengan perusahaan serta tanpa kesamaan teknologi. Sebagai contoh, jika sebuah perusahaan komputer memutuskan untuk memproduksi televisi berarti perusahaan tersebut sedang mengejar strategi diversifikasi konglomerat. Dari dua jenis strategi diversifikasi sebelumnya, diversifikasi konglomerat adalah strategi paling berisiko. Diversifikasi konglomerat mengharuskan [[perusahaan]] untuk memasuki pasar baru dan menjual produk atau layanan ke basis konsumen baru. Perusahaan mengeluarkan biaya penelitian dan pengembangan yang lebih besar dan biaya iklan yang besar pula. Selain itu,peluang kegagalan jauh lebih besar dalam strategi diversifikasi konglomerat..\n\n== Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam diversifikasi ==\nDalam diversifikasi ada beberapahal yang harus diperhatikan untuk dapat memilih jenis barang atau jasa yang akan diproduksi atau diperdagangkan, yaitu:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bulan|first=Tengku Putri Lindung|date=2017-10-25|title=Pengaruh Diversifikasi Produk dan Harga terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada Juragan Jasmine Langsa|url=https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jmk/article/view/215|journal=Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan|language=id|publisher=Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Samudra|volume=6|issue=1|pages=681-682|issn=2252-844X}}</ref>\n\n# Luas pemasaran. Setiap perusahaan hendaknya dapat meramalkan luas pemasaran dari barang atau jasa yang dihasilkan atau diperdagangkan. Luas pemasaran ini harus selalu dihubungkan dengan kemampuan [[modal]] yang disediakan serta fasilitas lain dari perusahaan.\n# Tingkat persaingan. Jika ingin memproduksi suatu [[barang]] atau [[jasa]] harus dapat meneliti seberapa jauh tingkat persaingan dalam usaha tersebut dan sampai seberapa jauh kemampuan perusahaan untuk ikut terjun dalam persaingan tersebut.\n# Kemampuan teknis. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan karena akan memengaruhi kualitas dari barang atau jasa yang akan dibuat dan kualitas pasar. Hal ini juga sering disebut harga penetrasi-pasar (''market-penetration pricing'').\n# Menyaring pasar secara maksimum (''maximum product skimming''). Perusahaan menetapkan harga tertinggi bagi setiap produk baru yang dikeluarkan, dimana kemudian secara berangsur-angsur perusahaan menurunkan harga untuk menarik segmen lain yang peka terhadap harga.\n# Kepemimpinan mutu produk. Tujuan ini dipilih oleh perusahaan jika perusahaan ingin menjadi pemimpin pasar dalam hal kualitas produk, dan harga yang ditetapkan menjadi relatif tinggi untuk menutupi biaya-biaya penelitian dan pengembangan serta biaya untuk menghasilkan mutu produk yang tinggi.\n\n== Referensi ==\n<references />\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://ekonomi.kabo.biz/2011/07/diversifikasi-internasional.html Diversifikasi Internasonal]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }},\n* [http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/mia/mia.htm Macro-Investment Analysis], [[William Forsyth Sharpe|Prof. William F. Sharpe]], [[Stanford University]]\n* [http://www.riskcog.com/portfolio.jsp Portfolio Diversifier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527052124/http://www.riskcog.com/portfolio.jsp |date=2010-05-27 }}, Dynamically-generated diversified portfolios\n* [http://www.assetcorrelation.com/ Asset Correlations], Dynamically-generated correlation matrices for the major asset classes\n* [http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/notes.html An Introduction to Investment Theory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805124142/http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/notes.html |date=2008-08-05 }}, Prof. William N. Goetzmann, [[Yale School of Management]]\n* [http://www.barclayhedge.com/research/educational-articles/managed-futures-articles/managed-futures-overview.html Overview of Managed Futures]\n\n[[Kategori:Ekonomi]]","hash":"5ed00ccfbfb32dfb235847ac9a70d1bc85f77d7201b1a506ed9f592a19ad1d62","last_revision":"2023-02-05T15:20:31Z","first_revision":"2009-08-19T15:15:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.896243","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تنويع","az":"Diversifikasiya","bg":"Диверсификация (финанси)","cs":"Diverzifikace","de":"Diversifikation (Wirtschaft)","en":"Diversification (finance)","es":"Diversificación","fa":"تنوع‌بخشی","fr":"Diversification (finance)","ga":"Éagsúlú (Airgeadas)","hu":"Diverzifikáció","hy":"Դիվերսիֆիկացիա","it":"Diversificazione (finanza)","ja":"分散投資","kk":"Диверсификация","ko":"다각화 (금융)","ky":"Диверсификация","lt":"Diversifikavimas","lv":"Diversifikācija","nl":"Diversificatie","pl":"Dywersyfikacja","ru":"Диверсификация","sk":"Diverzifikácia","sv":"Diversifiering","uk":"Диверсифікація","uz":"Diversifikatsiya","vi":"Đa dạng hóa (đầu tư)","zh":"多角化投資","zh-yue":"多角投資"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:46.933868","text":"Diversifikasi ekonomi, penganekaragaman ekonomi, atau penganekaan ekonomi adalah usaha menganekaragamkan produk atau bidang usaha yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan sehingga arus kas perusahaan dapat lebih stabil.ini dilakukan perusahaan untuk mengatasi krisis ekonomi sehingga apabila suatu perusahaan mengalami kemerosotan pendapatan di salah satu produk atau negara/daerah, di produk atau negara/daerah lain mendapatkan kelebihan pendapatan sehingga kekurangan yang terjadi bisa tertutupi. Biasanya hal ini dilakukan oleh perusahan multinasional karena perusahaan dapat menjamin pendapatan/arus kas yang lebih stabil sehingga meningkatkan kepercayaan kepada pemegang saham.\n\nDiversifikasi produk bertujuan untuk meningkatkan volume/kuantitas penjualan yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang telah berada pada tahap kedewasaan. Dengan diversifikasi produk, suatu perusahaan tidak akan bergantung pada satu jenis produk tetapi perusahaan juga dapat mengandalkan produk lainnya karena jika salah satu jenis produknya mengalami penurunan, maka akan dapat teratasi dengan produk jenis lainnya.\n\nDalam operasional bisnis, perusahaan yang bergantung pada satu produk akan terpapar risiko lebih tinggi apabila produk tersebut gagal di pasaran. Itu sebabnya, perusahaan perlu melakukan diversifikasi dengan menghasilkan produk atau jasa lainnya agar perusahaan terhindar dari risiko kegagalan. Selain mengurangi risiko karena ketergantungan pada satu produk atau jasa, mendiversifikasi usaha berarti semakin banyak peluang keuntungan yang bisa didapatkan sehingga membuat perusahaan semakin stabil dalam menjalankan bisnisnya.\n\nTerdapat tiga strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam diversifikasi ekonomi. Ketiga strategi itu adalah:\n\nDiversifikasi konsentris. Diversifikasi konsentris adalah jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara penambahan produk atau layanan serupa ke bisnis yang ada. Contoh dari diversifikasi konsentris seperti ketika sebuah perusahaan yang dahulu hanya memproduksi komputer kemudian juga mulai memproduksi laptop berarti perusahaan tersebut sedang menggunakan strategi diversifikasi konsentris. Diversifikasi horizontal. Diversifikasi horizontal adalah jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara penyediaan produk atau layanan baru dan tidak terkait kepada konsumen yang sudah ada. Misalnya, produsen notebook yang ikut memproduksi serta memasukki pasar pena adalah contoh perusahaan yang sedang strategi diversifikasi horizontal. Diversifikasi konglomerat. Diversifikasi konglomerat jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan produk atau layanan baru yang tidak terkait dengan perusahaan serta tanpa kesamaan teknologi. Sebagai contoh, jika sebuah perusahaan komputer memutuskan untuk memproduksi televisi berarti perusahaan tersebut sedang mengejar strategi diversifikasi konglomerat. Dari dua jenis strategi diversifikasi sebelumnya, diversifikasi konglomerat adalah strategi paling berisiko. Diversifikasi konglomerat mengharuskan perusahaan untuk memasuki pasar baru dan menjual produk atau layanan ke basis konsumen baru. Perusahaan mengeluarkan biaya penelitian dan pengembangan yang lebih besar dan biaya iklan yang besar pula. Selain itu,peluang kegagalan jauh lebih besar dalam strategi diversifikasi konglomerat..\n\nDalam diversifikasi ada beberapahal yang harus diperhatikan untuk dapat memilih jenis barang atau jasa yang akan diproduksi atau diperdagangkan, yaitu:\n\nLuas pemasaran. Setiap perusahaan hendaknya dapat meramalkan luas pemasaran dari barang atau jasa yang dihasilkan atau diperdagangkan. Luas pemasaran ini harus selalu dihubungkan dengan kemampuan modal yang disediakan serta fasilitas lain dari perusahaan. Tingkat persaingan. Jika ingin memproduksi suatu barang atau jasa harus dapat meneliti seberapa jauh tingkat persaingan dalam usaha tersebut dan sampai seberapa jauh kemampuan perusahaan untuk ikut terjun dalam persaingan tersebut. Kemampuan teknis. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan karena akan memengaruhi kualitas dari barang atau jasa yang akan dibuat dan kualitas pasar. Hal ini juga sering disebut harga penetrasi-pasar (market-penetration pricing). Menyaring pasar secara maksimum (maximum product skimming). Perusahaan menetapkan harga tertinggi bagi setiap produk baru yang dikeluarkan, dimana kemudian secara berangsur-angsur perusahaan menurunkan harga untuk menarik segmen lain yang peka terhadap harga. Kepemimpinan mutu produk. Tujuan ini dipilih oleh perusahaan jika perusahaan ingin menjadi pemimpin pasar dalam hal kualitas produk, dan harga yang ditetapkan menjadi relatif tinggi untuk menutupi biaya-biaya penelitian dan pengembangan serta biaya untuk menghasilkan mutu produk yang tinggi.\n\nDiversifikasi Internasonal, Macro-Investment Analysis, Prof. William F. Sharpe, Stanford University Portfolio Diversifier , Dynamically-generated diversified portfolios Asset Correlations, Dynamically-generated correlation matrices for the major asset classes An Introduction to Investment Theory , Prof. William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management Overview of Managed Futures\n\nKategori:Ekonomi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diversifikasi ekonomi, penganekaragaman ekonomi, atau penganekaan ekonomi adalah usaha menganekaragamkan produk atau bidang usaha yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan sehingga arus kas perusahaan dapat lebih stabil.ini dilakukan perusahaan untuk mengatasi krisis ekonomi sehingga apabila suatu perusahaan mengalami kemerosotan pendapatan di salah satu produk atau negara/daerah, di produk atau negara/daerah lain mendapatkan kelebihan pendapatan sehingga kekurangan yang terjadi bisa tertutupi.","translated_text":"Economic diversification, economic diversification, or economic sensitivity is the attempt to diversify a company's products or areas of business in order to maximize profits so that the company's cash flows can be more stable. This is done by the company to address the economic crisis so that if a company experiences a decline in revenue in one product or country/region, in another product or country/region it gains an excess of revenue so that the resulting shortfall can be covered.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Utami|first=Fajria Anindya|date=27-11-2020|title=Apa Itu Diversifikasi?|url=https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read315882/apa-itu-diversifikasi|work=[[Warta Ekonomi]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-26}}</ref>","char_index":520,"name":null,"url":"https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read315882/apa-itu-diversifikasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":107817,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:43.222248-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91650390625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biasanya hal ini dilakukan oleh perusahan multinasional karena perusahaan dapat menjamin pendapatan/arus kas yang lebih stabil sehingga meningkatkan kepercayaan kepada pemegang saham.","translated_text":"This is usually done by multinational companies because the company can guarantee a more stable income/cash flow thus increasing confidence in shareholders.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tujuan","translated_text":"Purpose","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diversifikasi produk bertujuan untuk meningkatkan volume/kuantitas penjualan yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang telah berada pada tahap kedewasaan.","translated_text":"The aim of product diversification is to increase the volume/quantity of sales that can be made by companies that are already in the maturity stage.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan diversifikasi produk, suatu perusahaan tidak akan bergantung pada satu jenis produk tetapi perusahaan juga dapat mengandalkan produk lainnya karena jika salah satu jenis produknya mengalami penurunan, maka akan dapat teratasi dengan produk jenis lainnya.","translated_text":"With product diversification, a company will not rely on one type of product but the company can also rely on other products because if one type of product declines, then it will be able to cope with the other type of product.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hermawan|first=Lucius|date=2015|title=Dilema Diversifikasi Produk: Meningkatkan Pendapatan atau Menimbulkan Kanibalisme Produk?|url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/kompetensi/article/view/1702|journal=Competence: Journal of Management Studies|publisher=Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Trunojoyo|volume=9|issue=2|pages=143|doi=10.21107/kompetensi.v9i2.1702|issn=2541-2655}}</ref>","char_index":261,"name":null,"url":"https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/kompetensi/article/view/1702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25328,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:46.242880-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.732421875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam operasional bisnis, perusahaan yang bergantung pada satu produk akan terpapar risiko lebih tinggi apabila produk tersebut gagal di pasaran.","translated_text":"In business operations, companies that rely on one product will be at higher risk if the product fails in the market.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Itu sebabnya, perusahaan perlu melakukan diversifikasi dengan menghasilkan produk atau jasa lainnya agar perusahaan terhindar dari risiko kegagalan.","translated_text":"That's why companies need to diversify by producing other products or services so that companies avoid the risk of failure.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain mengurangi risiko karena ketergantungan pada satu produk atau jasa, mendiversifikasi usaha berarti semakin banyak peluang keuntungan yang bisa didapatkan sehingga membuat perusahaan semakin stabil dalam menjalankan bisnisnya.","translated_text":"In addition to reducing the risk of dependency on a single product or service, diversification means more opportunities for profit to be gained so as to make the company more stable in running its business.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Idris|first=Muhammad|date=2021-07-24|title=Apa Itu Diversifikasi: Definisi, Manfaat, dan Contohnya|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/07/24/115041226/apa-itu-diversifikasi-definisi-manfaat-dan-contohnya|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-26|editor-last=Idris|editor-first=Muhammad}}</ref>","char_index":232,"name":null,"url":"https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/07/24/115041226/apa-itu-diversifikasi-definisi-manfaat-dan-contohnya","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":306588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:54.134339-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90478515625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Strategi","translated_text":"The strategy","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terdapat tiga strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam diversifikasi ekonomi.","translated_text":"There are three strategies that can be implemented in economic diversification.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketiga strategi itu adalah:","translated_text":"Those three strategies are:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mardatila|first=Ani|date=2020-06-11|title=Diversifikasi adalah Usaha Keanekaragaman Produk, Berikut Jenis dan Tujuannya|url=https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/diversifikasi-adalah-usaha-keanekaragaman-produk-berikut-jenis-dan-tujuannya-kln.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-27|editor-last=mardatila|editor-first=Ani}}</ref>","char_index":27,"name":null,"url":"https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/diversifikasi-adalah-usaha-keanekaragaman-produk-berikut-jenis-dan-tujuannya-kln.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":394200,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:55.553391-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diversifikasi konsentris.","translated_text":"Concentrated diversification.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diversifikasi konsentris adalah jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara penambahan produk atau layanan serupa ke bisnis yang ada.","translated_text":"Concentric diversification is a type of diversification done by adding a similar product or service to an existing business.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contoh dari diversifikasi konsentris seperti ketika sebuah perusahaan yang dahulu hanya memproduksi komputer kemudian juga mulai memproduksi laptop berarti perusahaan tersebut sedang menggunakan strategi diversifikasi konsentris.","translated_text":"An example of concentric diversification, like when a company that used to manufacture only computers then also started to manufacture laptops means that the company is using a concentric diversification strategy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diversifikasi horizontal.","translated_text":"This is horizontal diversification.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diversifikasi horizontal adalah jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara penyediaan produk atau layanan baru dan tidak terkait kepada konsumen yang sudah ada.","translated_text":"Horizontal diversification is a type of diversification carried out by the provision of new products or services and unrelated to existing consumers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Misalnya, produsen notebook yang ikut memproduksi serta memasukki pasar pena adalah contoh perusahaan yang sedang strategi diversifikasi horizontal.","translated_text":"For example, notebook manufacturers involved in producing and entering the pen market are examples of companies that are pursuing horizontal diversification strategies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diversifikasi konglomerat.","translated_text":"Diversification of the conglomerate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diversifikasi konglomerat jenis diversifikasi yang dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan produk atau layanan baru yang tidak terkait dengan perusahaan serta tanpa kesamaan teknologi.","translated_text":"A conglomerate diversification is a type of diversification carried out by adding new products or services that are not related to a company or without technological similarity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai contoh, jika sebuah perusahaan komputer memutuskan untuk memproduksi televisi berarti perusahaan tersebut sedang mengejar strategi diversifikasi konglomerat.","translated_text":"For example, if a computer company decides to produce a television, it means that the company is pursuing a diversification strategy of a conglomerate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari dua jenis strategi diversifikasi sebelumnya, diversifikasi konglomerat adalah strategi paling berisiko.","translated_text":"Of the previous two types of diversification strategies, conglomerate diversification is the most risky strategy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diversifikasi konglomerat mengharuskan perusahaan untuk memasuki pasar baru dan menjual produk atau layanan ke basis konsumen baru.","translated_text":"Diversification of conglomerates requires companies to enter new markets and sell products or services to a new consumer base.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan mengeluarkan biaya penelitian dan pengembangan yang lebih besar dan biaya iklan yang besar pula.","translated_text":"Companies spend more on research and development and more on advertising.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu,peluang kegagalan jauh lebih besar dalam strategi diversifikasi konglomerat..","translated_text":"Besides, the chances of failure are much higher in conglomerate diversification strategies.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam diversifikasi","translated_text":"Things to consider in diversification","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam diversifikasi ada beberapahal yang harus diperhatikan untuk dapat memilih jenis barang atau jasa yang akan diproduksi atau diperdagangkan, yaitu:","translated_text":"In diversification there are a number of factors to consider in order to select the type of goods or services to be produced or traded, namely:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bulan|first=Tengku Putri Lindung|date=2017-10-25|title=Pengaruh Diversifikasi Produk dan Harga terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada Juragan Jasmine Langsa|url=https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jmk/article/view/215|journal=Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan|language=id|publisher=Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Samudra|volume=6|issue=1|pages=681-682|issn=2252-844X}}</ref>","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jmk/article/view/215","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8201,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:56.748489-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Luas pemasaran.","translated_text":"Wide area of marketing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap perusahaan hendaknya dapat meramalkan luas pemasaran dari barang atau jasa yang dihasilkan atau diperdagangkan.","translated_text":"Each company should be able to predict the extent of marketing of the goods or services produced or traded.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Luas pemasaran ini harus selalu dihubungkan dengan kemampuan modal yang disediakan serta fasilitas lain dari perusahaan.","translated_text":"This scope of marketing must always be linked to the capital capacity provided as well as other facilities of the company.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tingkat persaingan.","translated_text":"The level of competition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika ingin memproduksi suatu barang atau jasa harus dapat meneliti seberapa jauh tingkat persaingan dalam usaha tersebut dan sampai seberapa jauh kemampuan perusahaan untuk ikut terjun dalam persaingan tersebut.","translated_text":"If you want to produce a good or service, you need to be able to investigate the extent to which the level of competition in the business and the extent to which the company's ability to engage in the competition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemampuan teknis.","translated_text":"The technical skills.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini perlu diperhatikan karena akan memengaruhi kualitas dari barang atau jasa yang akan dibuat dan kualitas pasar.","translated_text":"This needs to be considered because it will affect the quality of the goods or services to be made and the quality of the market.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini juga sering disebut harga penetrasi-pasar (market-penetration pricing).","translated_text":"This is also often called market-penetration pricing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menyaring pasar secara maksimum (maximum product skimming).","translated_text":"Maximum product skimming.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan menetapkan harga tertinggi bagi setiap produk baru yang dikeluarkan, dimana kemudian secara berangsur-angsur perusahaan menurunkan harga untuk menarik segmen lain yang peka terhadap harga.","translated_text":"The company sets the highest prices for each new product it releases, where it gradually lowers the price to attract other price-sensitive segments.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kepemimpinan mutu produk.","translated_text":"Product quality leadership.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tujuan ini dipilih oleh perusahaan jika perusahaan ingin menjadi pemimpin pasar dalam hal kualitas produk, dan harga yang ditetapkan menjadi relatif tinggi untuk menutupi biaya-biaya penelitian dan pengembangan serta biaya untuk menghasilkan mutu produk yang tinggi.","translated_text":"This goal is chosen by companies if they want to be market leaders in terms of product quality, and the set price becomes relatively high to cover research and development costs as well as the cost of producing high product quality.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diversifikasi Internasonal, Macro-Investment Analysis, Prof. William F. Sharpe, Stanford University Portfolio Diversifier , Dynamically-generated diversified portfolios Asset Correlations, Dynamically-generated correlation matrices for the major asset classes An Introduction to Investment Theory , Prof. William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management Overview of Managed Futures","translated_text":"International Diversification, Macro-Investment Analysis, Prof. William F. Sharpe, Stanford University Portfolio Diversifier, Dynamically-generated diversified portfolios Asset Correlations, Dynamically-generated correlation matrices for the major asset classes An Introduction to Investment Theory, Prof. William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management Overview of Managed Futures","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527052124/http://www.riskcog.com/portfolio.jsp |date=2010-05-27 }}","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100527052124/http://www.riskcog.com/portfolio.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:56.830984-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805124142/http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/notes.html |date=2008-08-05 }}","char_index":297,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080805124142/http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/notes.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:04.021314-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Ekonomi","translated_text":"Category:Economics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Diversifikasi ekonomi, penganekaragaman ekonomi, atau penganekaan ekonomi adalah usaha menganekaragamkan produk atau bidang usaha yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan sehingga arus kas perusahaan dapat lebih stabil.ini dilakukan perusahaan untuk mengatasi krisis ekonomi sehingga apabila suatu perusahaan mengalami kemerosotan pendapatan di salah satu produk atau negara/daerah, di produk atau negara/daerah lain mendapatkan kelebihan pendapatan sehingga kekurangan yang terjadi bisa tertutupi.","translated_text":"Economic diversification, economic diversification, or economic sensitivity is the attempt to diversify a company's products or areas of business in order to maximize profits so that the company's cash flows can be more stable. This is done by the company to address the economic crisis so that if a company experiences a decline in revenue in one product or country/region, in another product or country/region it gains an excess of revenue so that the resulting shortfall can be covered.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Utami|first=Fajria Anindya|date=27-11-2020|title=Apa Itu Diversifikasi?|url=https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read315882/apa-itu-diversifikasi|work=[[Warta Ekonomi]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-26}}</ref>","char_index":520,"name":null,"url":"https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read315882/apa-itu-diversifikasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":107817,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:43.222248-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91650390625}]},{"text":"Diversifikasi produk bertujuan untuk meningkatkan volume/kuantitas penjualan yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang telah berada pada tahap kedewasaan. Dengan diversifikasi produk, suatu perusahaan tidak akan bergantung pada satu jenis produk tetapi perusahaan juga dapat mengandalkan produk lainnya karena jika salah satu jenis produknya mengalami penurunan, maka akan dapat teratasi dengan produk jenis lainnya.","translated_text":"The aim of product diversification is to increase the volume/quantity of sales that can be made by companies that are already in the maturity stage. With product diversification, a company will not rely on one type of product but the company can also rely on other products because if one type of product declines, then it will be able to cope with the other type of product.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hermawan|first=Lucius|date=2015|title=Dilema Diversifikasi Produk: Meningkatkan Pendapatan atau Menimbulkan Kanibalisme Produk?|url=https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/kompetensi/article/view/1702|journal=Competence: Journal of Management Studies|publisher=Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Trunojoyo|volume=9|issue=2|pages=143|doi=10.21107/kompetensi.v9i2.1702|issn=2541-2655}}</ref>","char_index":416,"name":null,"url":"https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/kompetensi/article/view/1702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25328,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:46.242880-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.732421875}]},{"text":"Dalam operasional bisnis, perusahaan yang bergantung pada satu produk akan terpapar risiko lebih tinggi apabila produk tersebut gagal di pasaran. Itu sebabnya, perusahaan perlu melakukan diversifikasi dengan menghasilkan produk atau jasa lainnya agar perusahaan terhindar dari risiko kegagalan. Selain mengurangi risiko karena ketergantungan pada satu produk atau jasa, mendiversifikasi usaha berarti semakin banyak peluang keuntungan yang bisa didapatkan sehingga membuat perusahaan semakin stabil dalam menjalankan bisnisnya.","translated_text":"In business operations, companies that rely on one product will be at higher risk if the product fails in the market. That's why companies need to diversify by producing other products or services so that companies avoid the risk of failure. In addition to reducing the risk of dependency on a single product or service, diversification means more opportunities for profit to be gained so as to make the company more stable in running its business.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Idris|first=Muhammad|date=2021-07-24|title=Apa Itu Diversifikasi: Definisi, Manfaat, dan Contohnya|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/07/24/115041226/apa-itu-diversifikasi-definisi-manfaat-dan-contohnya|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-26|editor-last=Idris|editor-first=Muhammad}}</ref>","char_index":527,"name":null,"url":"https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/07/24/115041226/apa-itu-diversifikasi-definisi-manfaat-dan-contohnya","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":306588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:54.134339-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90478515625}]},{"text":"Terdapat tiga strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam diversifikasi ekonomi. Ketiga strategi itu adalah:","translated_text":"There are three strategies that can be implemented in economic diversification. Those three strategies are:","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mardatila|first=Ani|date=2020-06-11|title=Diversifikasi adalah Usaha Keanekaragaman Produk, Berikut Jenis dan Tujuannya|url=https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/diversifikasi-adalah-usaha-keanekaragaman-produk-berikut-jenis-dan-tujuannya-kln.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|language=id|access-date=2021-11-27|editor-last=mardatila|editor-first=Ani}}</ref>","char_index":100,"name":null,"url":"https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/diversifikasi-adalah-usaha-keanekaragaman-produk-berikut-jenis-dan-tujuannya-kln.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":394200,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:55.553391-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92041015625}]},{"text":"Dalam diversifikasi ada beberapahal yang harus diperhatikan untuk dapat memilih jenis barang atau jasa yang akan diproduksi atau diperdagangkan, yaitu:","translated_text":"In diversification there are a number of factors to consider in order to select the type of goods or services to be produced or traded, namely:","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bulan|first=Tengku Putri Lindung|date=2017-10-25|title=Pengaruh Diversifikasi Produk dan Harga terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen pada Juragan Jasmine Langsa|url=https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jmk/article/view/215|journal=Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan|language=id|publisher=Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Samudra|volume=6|issue=1|pages=681-682|issn=2252-844X}}</ref>","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jmk/article/view/215","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8201,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:56.748489-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Diversifikasi Internasonal, Macro-Investment Analysis, Prof. William F. Sharpe, Stanford University Portfolio Diversifier , Dynamically-generated diversified portfolios Asset Correlations, Dynamically-generated correlation matrices for the major asset classes An Introduction to Investment Theory , Prof. William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management Overview of Managed Futures","translated_text":"International Diversification, Macro-Investment Analysis, Prof. William F. Sharpe, Stanford University Portfolio Diversifier, Dynamically-generated diversified portfolios Asset Correlations, Dynamically-generated correlation matrices for the major asset classes An Introduction to Investment Theory, Prof. William N. Goetzmann, Yale School of Management Overview of Managed Futures","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527052124/http://www.riskcog.com/portfolio.jsp |date=2010-05-27 }}","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100527052124/http://www.riskcog.com/portfolio.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:56.830984-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805124142/http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/notes.html |date=2008-08-05 }}","char_index":297,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080805124142/http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/notes.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:04.021314-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Mesin pencarian","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mesin pencari]]","hash":"73b72e4354936f7d5c9eb44522c185ff4b5cb02a433e46a7081b5ff0a4b31928","last_revision":"2022-10-15T02:54:33Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T02:35:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:51.955857","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mesin pencari\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mesin pencari","translated_text":"Why Search Engines","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wiski Skotch","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Scotch whiskies.jpg|200px|jmpl|ka|Botol-botol [[wiski]] dari [[Skotlandia]].]]\n\n'''Wiski Skotch''' atau '''Scotch Whisky''' adalah [[minuman]] [[wiski]] yang dibuat di [[Skotlandia]] dengan menggunakan [[malt]] dan [[gandum]].<ref name=\"bartending\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Marcus, Lori|title=Bartending Inside-Out|url=https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori|publisher= Cadillac Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-9642019-7-2}} Page 34-35.</ref> Secara hukum, wiski Skotch harus didistilasi dan disimpan di [[Skotlandia]] selama minimal 3 tahun sebelum dapat diekspor ke negara lain.<ref name=\"bartending\"/> Di Skotlandia, wiski ditulis \"''whisky''\" sementara di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Irlandia]] wiski dieja \"''whiskey''\".<ref name=\"wiski\">{{en}} [http://www.tastings.com/spirits/scotch.html Scotch], ''Tastings''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Sejarah wiski skotch dimulai ketika orang-orang [[Kelt]] kuno melakukan proses [[distilasi]] dan menamakan minuman yang dihasilkannya sebagai \"air kehidupan\" atau ''uisge beatha''.<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Proses distilasi di Skotlandia pun berkembang dari tahun ke tahun dan ''uisge beatha'' kemudian berevolusi menjadi wiski Skotch.<ref name=\"history\"/> Bukti tertulis mengenai distilasi di Skotlandia berasal dari tahun [[1494]] dalam sebuah catatan [[pajak]].<ref name=\"history\"/>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Wiski]]\n* [[Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Scotch whisky}}\n\n[[Kategori:Minuman beralkohol]]\n\n\n{{minuman-stub}}","hash":"c65d98e0640bdcde47b480721708e85fb264ae3824b54d9135d4acb2c344b6a9","last_revision":"2024-01-10T21:39:21Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T02:53:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.026743","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"سكوتش (ويسكي)","arz":"سكوتش (ويسكى)","az":"Şotlandiya viskisi","ca":"Whisky escocès","cs":"Skotská whisky","cv":"Шотланд вискийĕ","da":"Skotsk whisky","en":"Scotch whisky","es":"Whisky escocés","et":"Šoti viski","eu":"Eskoziar whiski","fa":"ویسکی اسکاچ","fi":"Skottiviski","fo":"Skotskt whisky","fr":"Scotch whisky","ga":"Fuisce na hAlban","gl":"Whisky escocés","he":"ויסקי סקוטי","hi":"स्कॉच व्हिस्की","hr":"Skoč","hu":"Skót whisky","hy":"Շոտլանդական վիսկի","hyw":"Սկովտիական Ուիսքի","is":"Skoskt viskí","it":"Scotch whisky","ja":"スコッチ・ウイスキー","kk":"Шотландық виски","kn":"ಸ್ಕಾಚ್‌ ವಿಸ್ಕಿ","ko":"스카치 위스키","lt":"Škotiškas viskis","mk":"Скоч","nb":"Skotsk whisky","pl":"Szkocka whisky","pt":"Uísque escocês","ro":"Scotch whisky","ru":"Шотландский виски","simple":"Scotch whisky","sv":"Skotsk whisky","tr":"İskoç viskisi","uk":"Шотландське віскі","vec":"Scotch whisky","wuu":"苏格兰威士忌","yi":"סקאטש וויסקי","zh":"蘇格蘭威士忌","zh-yue":"蘇格蘭威士忌"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Wiski Skotch atau Scotch Whisky adalah minuman wiski yang dibuat di Skotlandia dengan menggunakan malt dan gandum. Secara hukum, wiski Skotch harus didistilasi dan disimpan di Skotlandia selama minimal 3 tahun sebelum dapat diekspor ke negara lain. Di Skotlandia, wiski ditulis \"whisky\" sementara di Amerika Serikat dan Irlandia wiski dieja \"whiskey\". Sejarah wiski skotch dimulai ketika orang-orang Kelt kuno melakukan proses distilasi dan menamakan minuman yang dihasilkannya sebagai \"air kehidupan\" atau uisge beatha. Proses distilasi di Skotlandia pun berkembang dari tahun ke tahun dan uisge beatha kemudian berevolusi menjadi wiski Skotch. Bukti tertulis mengenai distilasi di Skotlandia berasal dari tahun 1494 dalam sebuah catatan pajak.\n\nWiski Minuman beralkohol\n\nKategori:Minuman beralkohol\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wiski Skotch atau Scotch Whisky adalah minuman wiski yang dibuat di Skotlandia dengan menggunakan malt dan gandum.","translated_text":"Scotch whisky or Scotch Whisky is a whisky drink made in Scotland using malt and wheat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bartending\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Marcus, Lori|title=Bartending Inside-Out|url=https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori|publisher= Cadillac Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-9642019-7-2}} Page 34-35.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"bartending","url":"https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216484,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:04.091469-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara hukum, wiski Skotch harus didistilasi dan disimpan di Skotlandia selama minimal 3 tahun sebelum dapat diekspor ke negara lain.","translated_text":"By law, Scotch whisky must be distilled and stored in Scotland for a minimum of 3 years before it can be exported to other countries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bartending\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Marcus, Lori|title=Bartending Inside-Out|url=https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori|publisher= Cadillac Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-9642019-7-2}} Page 34-35.</ref>","char_index":133,"name":"bartending","url":"https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216484,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:04.091469-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Skotlandia, wiski ditulis \"whisky\" sementara di Amerika Serikat dan Irlandia wiski dieja \"whiskey\".","translated_text":"In Scotland, whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\" while in the United States and Ireland whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wiski\">{{en}} [http://www.tastings.com/spirits/scotch.html Scotch], ''Tastings''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":102,"name":"wiski","url":"http://www.tastings.com/spirits/scotch.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":70958,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.305193-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejarah wiski skotch dimulai ketika orang-orang Kelt kuno melakukan proses distilasi dan menamakan minuman yang dihasilkannya sebagai \"air kehidupan\" atau uisge beatha.","translated_text":"The history of Scotch whisky began when the ancient Celts undertook a distillation process and named the resulting drink \"water of life\" or uisge beatha.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Proses distilasi di Skotlandia pun berkembang dari tahun ke tahun dan uisge beatha kemudian berevolusi menjadi wiski Skotch.","translated_text":"The distillation process in Scotland also developed over the years and uisge beatha later evolved into Scotch whisky.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":124,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bukti tertulis mengenai distilasi di Skotlandia berasal dari tahun 1494 dalam sebuah catatan pajak.","translated_text":"Written evidence of distillation in Scotland dates back to 1494 in a tax record.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wiski Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Whisky Alcoholic beverages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Category:Alcoholic beverages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Wiski Skotch atau Scotch Whisky adalah minuman wiski yang dibuat di Skotlandia dengan menggunakan malt dan gandum.","translated_text":"Scotch whisky or Scotch Whisky is a whisky drink made in Scotland using malt and wheat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bartending\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Marcus, Lori|title=Bartending Inside-Out|url=https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori|publisher= Cadillac Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-9642019-7-2}} Page 34-35.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"bartending","url":"https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216484,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:04.091469-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Wiski Skotch atau Scotch Whisky adalah minuman wiski yang dibuat di Skotlandia dengan menggunakan malt dan gandum. Secara hukum, wiski Skotch harus didistilasi dan disimpan di Skotlandia selama minimal 3 tahun sebelum dapat diekspor ke negara lain.","translated_text":"Scotch whisky or Scotch Whisky is a whisky drink made in Scotland using malt and wheat. By law, Scotch whisky must be distilled and stored in Scotland for a minimum of 3 years before it can be exported to other countries.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bartending\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Marcus, Lori|title=Bartending Inside-Out|url=https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori|publisher= Cadillac Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-9642019-7-2}} Page 34-35.</ref>","char_index":248,"name":"bartending","url":"https://archive.org/details/bartendinginside0000lori","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216484,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:04.091469-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Wiski Skotch atau Scotch Whisky adalah minuman wiski yang dibuat di Skotlandia dengan menggunakan malt dan gandum. Secara hukum, wiski Skotch harus didistilasi dan disimpan di Skotlandia selama minimal 3 tahun sebelum dapat diekspor ke negara lain. Di Skotlandia, wiski ditulis \"whisky\" sementara di Amerika Serikat dan Irlandia wiski dieja \"whiskey\".","translated_text":"Scotch whisky or Scotch Whisky is a whisky drink made in Scotland using malt and wheat. By law, Scotch whisky must be distilled and stored in Scotland for a minimum of 3 years before it can be exported to other countries. In Scotland, whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\" while in the United States and Ireland whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wiski\">{{en}} [http://www.tastings.com/spirits/scotch.html Scotch], ''Tastings''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":351,"name":"wiski","url":"http://www.tastings.com/spirits/scotch.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":70958,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.305193-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Secara hukum, wiski Skotch harus didistilasi dan disimpan di Skotlandia selama minimal 3 tahun sebelum dapat diekspor ke negara lain. Di Skotlandia, wiski ditulis \"whisky\" sementara di Amerika Serikat dan Irlandia wiski dieja \"whiskey\". Sejarah wiski skotch dimulai ketika orang-orang Kelt kuno melakukan proses distilasi dan menamakan minuman yang dihasilkannya sebagai \"air kehidupan\" atau uisge beatha.","translated_text":"By law, Scotch whisky must be distilled and stored in Scotland for a minimum of 3 years before it can be exported to other countries. In Scotland, whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\" while in the United States and Ireland whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\". The history of Scotch whisky began when the ancient Celts undertook a distillation process and named the resulting drink \"water of life\" or uisge beatha.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":405,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":405,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di Skotlandia, wiski ditulis \"whisky\" sementara di Amerika Serikat dan Irlandia wiski dieja \"whiskey\". Sejarah wiski skotch dimulai ketika orang-orang Kelt kuno melakukan proses distilasi dan menamakan minuman yang dihasilkannya sebagai \"air kehidupan\" atau uisge beatha. Proses distilasi di Skotlandia pun berkembang dari tahun ke tahun dan uisge beatha kemudian berevolusi menjadi wiski Skotch.","translated_text":"In Scotland, whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\" while in the United States and Ireland whiskey is spelled \"whiskey\". The history of Scotch whisky began when the ancient Celts undertook a distillation process and named the resulting drink \"water of life\" or uisge beatha. The distillation process in Scotland also developed over the years and uisge beatha later evolved into Scotch whisky.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":396,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejarah wiski skotch dimulai ketika orang-orang Kelt kuno melakukan proses distilasi dan menamakan minuman yang dihasilkannya sebagai \"air kehidupan\" atau uisge beatha. Proses distilasi di Skotlandia pun berkembang dari tahun ke tahun dan uisge beatha kemudian berevolusi menjadi wiski Skotch. Bukti tertulis mengenai distilasi di Skotlandia berasal dari tahun 1494 dalam sebuah catatan pajak.","translated_text":"The history of Scotch whisky began when the ancient Celts undertook a distillation process and named the resulting drink \"water of life\" or uisge beatha. The distillation process in Scotland also developed over the years and uisge beatha later evolved into Scotch whisky. Written evidence of distillation in Scotland dates back to 1494 in a tax record.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"history\">{{en}} [http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203125756/http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html |date=2010-12-03 }}, ''Scotch Whisky''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":393,"name":"history","url":"http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/swa/49.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:08.806592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pencuri Petir","wikicode":"{{Infobox Book | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->\n| name = Pencuri Petir\n| image =  Berkas:Hikmah LIGHTNING-THIEF.gif\n| author = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| illustrator = John Rocco\n| country = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| series = ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' (Buku 1)\n| genre = [[Fantasi]],<ref name=\"Reviews List\">{{cite web |url=http://www.rickriordan.com/Lightning_Thief_Reviews.htm |title=Reviews for The Lightning Thief |publisher=Rick Riordan |pages=1 |accessdate=2009-05-21 |archive-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420182407/http://www.rickriordan.com/Lightning_Thief_Reviews.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[mitologi Yunani]]\n| publisher = [[Hyperion Books]] (Amerika Serikat)<ref name=\"kreads\">{{cite web |url=http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786838655.asp |title=The Lightning Thief |last=Oksner |first=Robert |publisher=Kidsreads |accessdate=2009-09-01 |archive-date=2012-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223143732/http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786838655.asp |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />\n[[Mizan]] (Indonesia)\n| pub_date = 1 Juli 2005 (sampul tebal) <br /> April 1, 2006 (sampul tipis)<ref name=\"paperback\">[http://hyperionbooksforchildren.com/board/displayBook.asp?id=1676 ''Percy Jackson and the Olympians, Book One: The Lightning Thief''] [[Hyperion Books]]. Paperback. ISBN 0-7868-3865-5. Retrieved 2010-02-15.</ref><br />Januari 2009 (Indonesia)\n| media_type = \n| pages = 458\n| isbn = 9789794335406\n| oclc = \n| followed_by = [[Lautan Monster]]<ref name=\"Series Awards\">{{cite web |url=http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Percy Jackson and the Olympians |last=Riordan |first=Rick |publisher=Rick Riordan |pages=1 |accessdate=2009-06-01 |archive-date=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508070628/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n}}\n'''''Pencuri Petir''''' adalah buku pertama seri novel ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' karangan [[Rick Riordan]]. Novel ini menceritakan tentang petualangan seorang pemuda bernama [[Percy Jackson]], yang merupakan anak dewa [[Poseidon]] dan dituduh mencuri [[petir]] [[Zeus]]. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah ''The Lightning Thief''. Buku ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada 1 Juli 2005 di [[Amerika Serikat]] oleh [[Hyperion Books]]. Selain itu, buku ini sudah diadaptasi menjadi film berjudul ''[[Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief]]''. Novel ini di Indonesia diterbitkan oleh penerbit [[Hikmah (penerbit)|Hikmah]] ([[Mizan Fantasy]]).\n\n== Sinopsis ==\n'''Percy Jackson adalah seorang pemuda berusia dua belas tahun, penderita [[disleksia]], dan hampir dikeluarkan dari sekolah asramanya.Suatu hari dia diberitahu bahwa dia adalah putra dewa [[Poseidon]]. Sejak itu dia harus menghadapi petualangan yang tak pernah ia bayangkan sebelumnya. Percy harus melawan berbagai [[Makhluk mitologi Yunani|monster]] dan bertemu [[12 Dewa Olimpus|dewa-dewi dari Gunung Olimpus]] yang ternyata masih ada pada masa modern. Selain itu, petir milik dewa [[Zeus]] telah dicuri dan Percy adalah tersangka utamanya. Percy dan dua orang kawannya hanya punya waktu sepuluh hari untuk mencari dan mengembalikan benda keramat tersebut dan mencegah perang yang hampir pecah di Gunung Olimpus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>''\n'''\n\n== Tokoh ==\n* [[Percy Jackson]]\n* [[Annabeth Chase]]\n* [[Grover Underwood]]\n* [[Luke Castellan]]\n* [[Khiron|Chiron]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Perkemahan Blasteran}}\n\n[[Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]\n[[Kategori:Novel tahun 2009]]","hash":"bed2c88cc787b7a3de464479424744f5c027ad380ef08a222a6497542cc1e2c7","last_revision":"2022-10-18T10:41:51Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T03:00:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.087099","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"لص البرق","bg":"Похитителят на мълнии","bn":"দ্য লাইটনিং থিফ","ca":"The Lightning Thief","ckb":"دزی ھەورەبرووسکەکە (ڕۆمان)","cs":"Percy Jackson: Zloděj blesku (kniha)","de":"Percy Jackson – Diebe im Olymp","el":"Ο Πέρσι Τζάκσον και η κλοπή της αστραπής","en":"The Lightning Thief","es":"El ladrón del rayo","fa":"دزد آذرخش","fi":"Salamavaras","fr":"Le Voleur de foudre","gl":"The Lightning Thief","he":"פרסי ג'קסון וגנב הברק","hi":"द लाइटनिंग थीफ़","hu":"A villámtolvaj","hy":"Պերսի Ջեքսոնը և կայծակներ գողացողը","it":"Percy Jackson e gli dei dell'Olimpo: il ladro di fulmini (romanzo)","kk":"Найзағай ұрысы","ky":"Чагылган уурусу","lv":"Zibens zaglis","ms":"The Lightning Thief","nl":"De Bliksemdief","nn":"Lyntyven","nb":"Lyntyven","pa":"ਦ ਲਾਇਟਨਿੰਗ ਥੀਫ਼","pl":"Złodziej pioruna","pt":"The Lightning Thief","ro":"Hoțul Fulgerului","ru":"Перси Джексон и Похититель молний","shi":"Amakr n Wusman","simple":"The Lightning Thief","sr":"Kradljivac munje","th":"เพอร์ซีย์ แจ็กสัน กับสายฟ้าที่หายไป","tr":"Şimşek Hırsızı","uk":"Персі Джексон та Викрадач блискавок (книга)","vi":"Kẻ cắp tia chớp (tiểu thuyết)","zh":"波西傑克森—神火之賊"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Pencuri Petir adalah buku pertama seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan. Novel ini menceritakan tentang petualangan seorang pemuda bernama Percy Jackson, yang merupakan anak dewa Poseidon dan dituduh mencuri petir Zeus. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Lightning Thief. Buku ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada 1 Juli 2005 di Amerika Serikat oleh Hyperion Books. Selain itu, buku ini sudah diadaptasi menjadi film berjudul Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. Novel ini di Indonesia diterbitkan oleh penerbit Hikmah (Mizan Fantasy).\n\n'Percy Jackson adalah seorang pemuda berusia dua belas tahun, penderita disleksia, dan hampir dikeluarkan dari sekolah asramanya.Suatu hari dia diberitahu bahwa dia adalah putra dewa Poseidon. Sejak itu dia harus menghadapi petualangan yang tak pernah ia bayangkan sebelumnya. Percy harus melawan berbagai monster dan bertemu dewa-dewi dari Gunung Olimpus yang ternyata masih ada pada masa modern. Selain itu, petir milik dewa Zeus telah dicuri dan Percy adalah tersangka utamanya. Percy dan dua orang kawannya hanya punya waktu sepuluh hari untuk mencari dan mengembalikan benda keramat tersebut dan mencegah perang yang hampir pecah di Gunung Olimpus. '''\n\nPercy Jackson Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Luke Castellan Chiron\n\nKategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia Kategori:Novel tahun 2009\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Book | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->\n| name = Pencuri Petir\n| image =  Berkas:Hikmah LIGHTNING-THIEF.gif\n| author = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| illustrator = John Rocco\n| country = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| series = ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' (Buku 1)\n| genre = [[Fantasi]],<ref name=\"Reviews List\">{{cite web |url=http://www.rickriordan.com/Lightning_Thief_Reviews.htm |title=Reviews for The Lightning Thief |publisher=Rick Riordan |pages=1 |accessdate=2009-05-21 |archive-date=2008-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420182407/http://www.rickriordan.com/Lightning_Thief_Reviews.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[mitologi Yunani]]\n| publisher = [[Hyperion Books]] (Amerika Serikat)<ref name=\"kreads\">{{cite web |url=http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786838655.asp |title=The Lightning Thief |last=Oksner |first=Robert |publisher=Kidsreads |accessdate=2009-09-01 |archive-date=2012-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223143732/http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786838655.asp |dead-url=yes }}</ref><br />\n[[Mizan]] (Indonesia)\n| pub_date = 1 Juli 2005 (sampul tebal) <br /> April 1, 2006 (sampul tipis)<ref name=\"paperback\">[http://hyperionbooksforchildren.com/board/displayBook.asp?id=1676 ''Percy Jackson and the Olympians, Book One: The Lightning Thief''] [[Hyperion Books]]. Paperback. ISBN 0-7868-3865-5. Retrieved 2010-02-15.</ref><br />Januari 2009 (Indonesia)\n| media_type = \n| pages = 458\n| isbn = 9789794335406\n| oclc = \n| followed_by = [[Lautan Monster]]<ref name=\"Series Awards\">{{cite web |url=http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Percy Jackson and the Olympians |last=Riordan |first=Rick |publisher=Rick Riordan |pages=1 |accessdate=2009-06-01 |archive-date=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508070628/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pencuri Petir adalah buku pertama seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan.","translated_text":"Lightning Thieves is the first book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Novel ini menceritakan tentang petualangan seorang pemuda bernama Percy Jackson, yang merupakan anak dewa Poseidon dan dituduh mencuri petir Zeus.","translated_text":"The novel tells the adventures of a young man named Percy Jackson, who is the son of the god Poseidon and is accused of stealing Zeus' lightning.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Lightning Thief.","translated_text":"The original English title was The Lightning Thief.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buku ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada 1 Juli 2005 di Amerika Serikat oleh Hyperion Books.","translated_text":"It was first published on July 1, 2005 in the United States by Hyperion Books.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, buku ini sudah diadaptasi menjadi film berjudul Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief.","translated_text":"In addition, the book has been adapted into a film titled Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Novel ini di Indonesia diterbitkan oleh penerbit Hikmah (Mizan Fantasy).","translated_text":"The novel was published in Indonesia by the publisher Hikmah (Mizan Fantasy).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"'Percy Jackson adalah seorang pemuda berusia dua belas tahun, penderita disleksia, dan hampir dikeluarkan dari sekolah asramanya.Suatu hari dia diberitahu bahwa dia adalah putra dewa Poseidon.","translated_text":"'Percy Jackson is a twelve-year-old boy, suffering from dyslexia, and nearly expelled from his boarding school.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak itu dia harus menghadapi petualangan yang tak pernah ia bayangkan sebelumnya.","translated_text":"Since then he has had to face an adventure he never imagined before.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Percy harus melawan berbagai monster dan bertemu dewa-dewi dari Gunung Olimpus yang ternyata masih ada pada masa modern.","translated_text":"Percy had to fight the monsters and meet the gods of Mount Olympus who are still present in modern times.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, petir milik dewa Zeus telah dicuri dan Percy adalah tersangka utamanya.","translated_text":"Besides, the lightning belonging to the god Zeus has been stolen and Percy is the prime suspect.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Percy dan dua orang kawannya hanya punya waktu sepuluh hari untuk mencari dan mengembalikan benda keramat tersebut dan mencegah perang yang hampir pecah di Gunung Olimpus.","translated_text":"Percy and his two friends had only ten days to find and restore the artifact and prevent a war that was about to break out on Mount Olympus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:09.110627-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.170787-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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2009","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Percy harus melawan berbagai monster dan bertemu dewa-dewi dari Gunung Olimpus yang ternyata masih ada pada masa modern. Selain itu, petir milik dewa Zeus telah dicuri dan Percy adalah tersangka utamanya. Percy dan dua orang kawannya hanya punya waktu sepuluh hari untuk mencari dan mengembalikan benda keramat tersebut dan mencegah perang yang hampir pecah di Gunung Olimpus.","translated_text":"Percy had to fight the monsters and meet the gods of Mount Olympus who are still present in modern times. Besides, the lightning belonging to the god Zeus has been stolen and Percy is the prime suspect. Percy and his two friends had only ten days to find and restore the artifact and prevent a war that was about to break out on Mount Olympus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":376,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:09.110627-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":376,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100922205601/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/839/the-lightning-thief-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.170787-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Hikmah LIGHTNING-THIEF.gif","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description    = == Ringkasan ==\nSampul buku ''Percy Jackson & Dewa Dewi Olympia: Pencuri Petir''<br />\nSumber: http://www.bookoopedia.com/daftar-buku/pid-27197/percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-1-the-lightning-thief-pencuri-petir.html\n\n== Jenis lisensi ==\n{{SampulBuku}}\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|location       = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}","hash":"e9c5fd2768c2c167ab6389c1430866ad996864c6a01c762cfafb7ea7a839bb41","last_revision":"2016-02-27T09:49:14Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T03:03:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.148445","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Lautan Monster","wikicode":"{{Infobox Book\n| name          = Lautan Monster\n| author        = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| country       = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language      = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| image         = Berkas:Lautan monster.jpg\n| image_caption = Sampul ''Lautan Monster''\n| release_date  = 3 Mei 2006 (Amerika Serikat)<br />2009 (Indonesia)\n| starring      = Percy Jackson<br />Annabeth Chase<br />Grover Underwood\n| series        = ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' (Buku 2)\n| genre         = [[Fantasi]], [[mitologi Yunani]]<ref name=\"kidsreads\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786856866.asp|title=Kidsreads.com – The Sea of Monsters|last=Piehl|first=Norah|publisher=Kidsreads.com|accessdate=2009-09-20|archive-date=2010-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112164955/http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786856866.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n| publisher     = [[Miramax Books]]/[[Hyperion Books for Children]] (Amerika Serikat)<br />[[Mzan]] (Indonesia)\n| media_type    = \n| pages         = 380<ref name=\"kidsreads\" />\n| isbn          = 9789794335482\n| congress      = \n| oclc          = \n| preceded_by   = [[Pencuri Petir]]<ref name=\"riordansite\">{{cite web|url=http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm|title=Rick Riordan : Percy Jackson|accessdate=2009-04-12|archive-date=2009-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n| followed_by   = [[Kutukan Bangsa Titan]]<ref name=\"riordansite\" />\n}}\n'''''Lautan Monster''''' adalah [[novel]] [[fantasi]] berdasarkan [[mitologi Yunani]] karangan [[Rick Riordan]]. Buku ini adalah buku kedua dari seri novel ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' dan merupakan lanjutan dari buku ''[[Pencuri Petir]]''. Novel ini menceritakan tentang [[Percy Jackson]], seorang [[setengah dewa]] berusia 13 tahun, dan kawan-kawannya yang berusaha menyelamatkan teman [[satir]]nya, [[Grover Underwood|Grover]], dari [[Siklop]] [[Polifemos]], dan menyelamatkan perkemahan setegah dewa dari serangan [[Titan (mitologi)|Titan]]. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah ''The Sea of Monsters''.\n\n== Sinopsis ==\nSetelah menghabiskan musim panas mencari petir milik [[Dewa]] [[Zeus]], Percy Jackson ternyata belum bisa menikmati ketenangan. Kali ini dia kewalahan menghadapi teman barunya, Tyson, anak tunawisma berbadan besar dengan tingkah seperti anak kecil yang selalu mengikuti Percy ke mana pun dia pergi. Tiba-tiba Annabeth datang membawa kabar buruk: Perkemahan Setengah Dewa-satu-satunya tempat perlindungan bagi anak-anak setengah dewa—terancam dikuasai oleh para monster. Selain itu, sebuah pesan mimpi juga datang pada Percy yang menyiratkan bahwa sahabatnya, Grover, sedang berada dalam bahaya.\n \nUntuk menyelamatkan Perkemahan Setengah Dewa, dan menemukan sahabatnya, Grover, Percy harus mengarungi Lautan Monster, tempat mengerikan yang dihindari oleh pelaut manapun. Dalam perjalanannya kali ini, ramalan yang disimpan rapat-rapat oleh [[Khiron]] dan para dewa dari Percy pun perlahan-lahan mulai terkuak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501083547/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\n== Tokoh ==\n* [[Percy Jackson]]\n* [[Annabeth Chase]]\n* [[Grover Underwood]]\n* [[Clarisse La Rue]]\n* [[Luke Castellan]]\n* [[Tyson sang Cyclop]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Perkemahan Blasteran}}\n\n[[Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]\n[[Kategori:Novel tahun 2009]]","hash":"62a3b029e40e1b0d9ea88dcc327982fb86614d11f338e754211a18f3a0d9b64a","last_revision":"2022-01-10T23:18:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T03:33:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.219278","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بحر من الوحوش","bg":"Морето на чудовищата","bn":"দ্য সি অব মনস্টার্স","cs":"Percy Jackson: Moře nestvůr","de":"Percy Jackson – Im Bann des Zyklopen","el":"Ο Πέρσι Τζάκσον και η θάλασσα των τεράτων","en":"The Sea of Monsters","es":"El mar de los monstruos","fa":"دریای هیولاها","fi":"Hirviöidenmeri","fr":"La Mer des monstres","gl":"The Sea of Monsters","he":"פרסי ג'קסון וים המפלצות","hu":"A szörnyek tengere","hy":"Պերսի Ջեքսոնը և հրեշների ծովը (գիրք)","it":"Percy Jackson e gli dei dell'Olimpo: il mare dei mostri (romanzo)","ms":"The Sea of Monsters","nl":"De Zee van Monsters","nn":"Monsterhavet","nb":"Monsterhavet","pl":"Morze potworów","pt":"The Sea of Monsters","ru":"Перси Джексон и Море чудовищ","simple":"The Sea of Monsters","th":"เพอร์ซีย์ แจ็กสัน กับอาถรรพ์ทะเลปีศาจ","tr":"Canavarlar Denizi","vi":"Biển quái vật","zh":"波西傑克森—妖魔之海"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Lautan Monster adalah novel fantasi berdasarkan mitologi Yunani karangan Rick Riordan. Buku ini adalah buku kedua dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia dan merupakan lanjutan dari buku Pencuri Petir. Novel ini menceritakan tentang Percy Jackson, seorang setengah dewa berusia 13 tahun, dan kawan-kawannya yang berusaha menyelamatkan teman satirnya, Grover, dari Siklop Polifemos, dan menyelamatkan perkemahan setegah dewa dari serangan Titan. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Sea of Monsters.\n\nSetelah menghabiskan musim panas mencari petir milik Dewa Zeus, Percy Jackson ternyata belum bisa menikmati ketenangan. Kali ini dia kewalahan menghadapi teman barunya, Tyson, anak tunawisma berbadan besar dengan tingkah seperti anak kecil yang selalu mengikuti Percy ke mana pun dia pergi. Tiba-tiba Annabeth datang membawa kabar buruk: Perkemahan Setengah Dewa-satu-satunya tempat perlindungan bagi anak-anak setengah dewa—terancam dikuasai oleh para monster. Selain itu, sebuah pesan mimpi juga datang pada Percy yang menyiratkan bahwa sahabatnya, Grover, sedang berada dalam bahaya.\n\nUntuk menyelamatkan Perkemahan Setengah Dewa, dan menemukan sahabatnya, Grover, Percy harus mengarungi Lautan Monster, tempat mengerikan yang dihindari oleh pelaut manapun. Dalam perjalanannya kali ini, ramalan yang disimpan rapat-rapat oleh Khiron dan para dewa dari Percy pun perlahan-lahan mulai terkuak.\n\nPercy Jackson Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Clarisse La Rue Luke Castellan Tyson sang Cyclop\n\nKategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia Kategori:Novel tahun 2009\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Book\n| name          = Lautan Monster\n| author        = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| country       = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language      = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| image         = Berkas:Lautan monster.jpg\n| image_caption = Sampul ''Lautan Monster''\n| release_date  = 3 Mei 2006 (Amerika Serikat)<br />2009 (Indonesia)\n| starring      = Percy Jackson<br />Annabeth Chase<br />Grover Underwood\n| series        = ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' (Buku 2)\n| genre         = [[Fantasi]], [[mitologi Yunani]]<ref name=\"kidsreads\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786856866.asp|title=Kidsreads.com – The Sea of Monsters|last=Piehl|first=Norah|publisher=Kidsreads.com|accessdate=2009-09-20|archive-date=2010-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112164955/http://www.kidsreads.com/reviews/0786856866.asp|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n| publisher     = [[Miramax Books]]/[[Hyperion Books for Children]] (Amerika Serikat)<br />[[Mzan]] (Indonesia)\n| media_type    = \n| pages         = 380<ref name=\"kidsreads\" />\n| isbn          = 9789794335482\n| congress      = \n| oclc          = \n| preceded_by   = [[Pencuri Petir]]<ref name=\"riordansite\">{{cite web|url=http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm|title=Rick Riordan : Percy Jackson|accessdate=2009-04-12|archive-date=2009-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n| followed_by   = [[Kutukan Bangsa Titan]]<ref name=\"riordansite\" />\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lautan Monster adalah novel fantasi berdasarkan mitologi Yunani karangan Rick Riordan.","translated_text":"Sea of Monsters is a fantasy novel based on the Greek mythology of Rick Riordan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buku ini adalah buku kedua dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia dan merupakan lanjutan dari buku Pencuri Petir.","translated_text":"This book is the second book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series and is a sequel to Lightning Thieves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Novel ini menceritakan tentang Percy Jackson, seorang setengah dewa berusia 13 tahun, dan kawan-kawannya yang berusaha menyelamatkan teman satirnya, Grover, dari Siklop Polifemos, dan menyelamatkan perkemahan setegah dewa dari serangan Titan.","translated_text":"The novel tells the story of Percy Jackson, a 13-year-old demigod, and his friends who try to save his satirical friend, Grover, from the Cyclops of Polyphemus, and save the godlike camp from being attacked by the Titans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Sea of Monsters.","translated_text":"The original English title was The Sea of Monsters.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah menghabiskan musim panas mencari petir milik Dewa Zeus, Percy Jackson ternyata belum bisa menikmati ketenangan.","translated_text":"After spending the summer searching for the lightning of the god Zeus, Percy Jackson has not yet been able to enjoy peace.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kali ini dia kewalahan menghadapi teman barunya, Tyson, anak tunawisma berbadan besar dengan tingkah seperti anak kecil yang selalu mengikuti Percy ke mana pun dia pergi.","translated_text":"This time, he's overwhelmed with his new friend, Tyson, a big-bodied homeless boy with childlike behavior who always follows Percy wherever he goes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiba","translated_text":"It's here","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-tiba Annabeth datang membawa kabar buruk: Perkemahan Setengah Dewa-satu-satunya tempat perlindungan bagi anak-anak setengah dewa—terancam dikuasai oleh para monster.","translated_text":"- Suddenly Annabeth comes with bad news: Half-Gods Camp - the only sanctuary for half-Gods' children threatened by monsters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, sebuah pesan mimpi juga datang pada Percy yang menyiratkan bahwa sahabatnya, Grover, sedang berada dalam bahaya.","translated_text":"In addition, a dream message also came to Percy implying that his best friend, Grover, was in danger.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk menyelamatkan Perkemahan Setengah Dewa, dan menemukan sahabatnya, Grover, Percy harus mengarungi Lautan Monster, tempat mengerikan yang dihindari oleh pelaut manapun.","translated_text":"To save Camp Half-Gods, and find his best friend, Grover, Percy must cross the Sea of Monsters, a dreadful place any sailor can avoid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam perjalanannya kali ini, ramalan yang disimpan rapat-rapat oleh Khiron dan para dewa dari Percy pun perlahan-lahan mulai terkuak.","translated_text":"On his journey this time, the prophecies kept together by Khiron and Percy's gods also slowly began to unravel.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501083547/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":134,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6373,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.241032-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (32 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501083547/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":134,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100501083547/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1378/the-sea-of-monster-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-2-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.485603-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tokoh","translated_text":"Characters","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Percy Jackson Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Clarisse La Rue Luke Castellan Tyson sang Cyclop","translated_text":"Percy Jackson Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Clarisse La Rue Luke Castellan Tyson the Cyclops","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia Kategori:Novel tahun 2009","translated_text":"Category:Percy Jackson and the Gods and Goddesses of the Olympics Category:Novel of 2009","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Untuk menyelamatkan Perkemahan Setengah Dewa, dan menemukan sahabatnya, Grover, Percy harus mengarungi Lautan Monster, tempat mengerikan yang dihindari oleh pelaut manapun. Dalam perjalanannya kali ini, ramalan yang disimpan rapat-rapat oleh Khiron dan para dewa dari Percy pun perlahan-lahan mulai terkuak.","translated_text":"To save Camp Half-Gods, and find his best friend, Grover, Percy must cross the Sea of Monsters, a dreadful place any sailor can avoid. 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+{"title":"Stout","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Murphy's Irish Stout.jpg|150px|jmpl|ka|Stout [[Irlandia]].]]\n'''Stout''' adalah sejenis [[bir]] yang berwarna gelap, memiliki rasa yang pahit dan dibuat dari [[jelai]] dan beberapa jenis [[malt]].<ref name=\"geek\">{{en}} [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-stout-beer.htm What is Stout Beer?], ''Wise Geek''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Minuman ini pertama kali diproduksi secara komersial pada [[1730]]an.<ref name=\"geek\"/> [[Irlandia]] merupakan negara yang pertama kali memproduksi stout dan kini masih membuat bir [[Guinness]] yang terkenal.<ref name=\"geek\"/> Bir Guiness dapat dikategorikan sebagai jenis \"stout Irlandia\" ataupun \"''stout kering''\" (''dry stout'') yaitu stout yang pahit atau tidak manis.<ref name=\"geek\"/><ref name=\"beer expert\">{{en}} [http://www.beerexpert.co.uk/Stout.html Stout], ''Beer Expert''. 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Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"beer expert","url":"http://www.beerexpert.co.uk/Stout.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":243277,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:27.104735-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (52 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bir Minuman beralkohol","translated_text":"Beer Alcoholic beverages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Minuman beralkohol Kategori:Bir","translated_text":"Category:Alcoholic beverages Category:Beers","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Stout adalah sejenis bir yang berwarna gelap, memiliki rasa yang pahit dan dibuat dari jelai dan beberapa jenis malt.","translated_text":"Stout is a type of dark-colored beer, has a bitter taste and is made from jelly and some types of malt.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"geek\">{{en}} [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-stout-beer.htm What is Stout Beer?], ''Wise Geek''. 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+{"title":"Kutukan Bangsa Titan","wikicode":"{{Infobox Book  \n| name          = Kutukan Bangsa Titan\n| image         = Berkas:KBT.jpg\n| author        = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| country       = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language      = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| release_date  = 1 Mei 2007 (Amerika Serikat)<br />Juni 2009 ([[Indonesia]])\n| series        = ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' (Buku 3)\n| genre         = [[Fantasi]], [[fiksi]], [[mitologi Yunani]]\n| publisher     = [[Miramax]] dan [[Hyperion Books for Children]] (Amerika Serikat)<br />[[Mizan]] (Indonesia)\n| media_type    = \n| pages         = 412\n| isbn          = 9789794335881\n| congress      = \n| oclc          = \n| preceded_by   = [[Lautan Monster]]\n| followed_by   = [[Pertempuran Labirin]]\n}}\n'''''Kutukan Bangsa Titan''''' adalah buku ketiga dari seri novel ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' karangan [[Rick Riordan]]. Novel ini menceritakan petualangan [[Percy Jackson]], seorang pemuda [[setengah dewa]] berusia 14 tahun, bersama kawan-kawannya dalam usaha mereka menyelamatkan temannya, [[Annabeth Chase]], dan dewi [[Artemis]], yang telah diculik. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah ''The Titan's Curse''.\n\n== Sinopsis ==\nSesosok monster purba yang telah punah selama ribuan tahun kini bangkit. Monster itu disebut sebagai pembawa kiamat bagi dewa-dewi Olympus. Dewi [[Artemis]], satu-satunya dewi yang tahu cara melacaknya, telah menghilang tanpa jejak. Kini, Percy dan teman-temannya, bersama dengan para Pemburu Artemis, hanya memiliki waktu satu minggu untuk mencari dewi yang diculik dan memecahkan misteri monster yang tengah diburu. Percy dan kawan-kawannya mengawali misi ini dengan dibayangi oleh tantangan paling berbahaya yang pernah mereka hadapi: ramalan mengerikan sang [[Orakel]] mengenai kutukan bangsa [[Titan (mitologi)|Titan]]. Menurut ramalan tersebut, akan ada yang menghilang di dataran tanpa hujan, dan akan ada yang binasa di tangan salah satu orangtuanya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\n== Tokoh ==\n* [[Percy Jackson]]\n* [[Thalia Grace]]\n* [[Annabeth Chase]]\n* [[Grover Underwood]]\n* [[Bianca di Angelo]]\n* [[Zoë Nightshade]]\n* [[Luke Castellan]]\n* [[Nico di Angelo]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Perkemahan Blasteran}}\n\n[[Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]\n[[Kategori:Novel tahun 2009]]","hash":"4515abc694f93c6f99dc2501270d47778f5a0d1562d4f4ac5f03b4170cbcdda7","last_revision":"2021-05-10T22:09:56Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T03:53:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.401571","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"لعنة التيتان","bg":"Проклятието на титана","cs":"Percy Jackson: Prokletí Titánů","de":"Percy Jackson – Der Fluch des Titanen","en":"The Titan's Curse","es":"La maldición del titán","fa":"نفرین تیتان","fi":"Titaanien kirous","fr":"Le Sort du titan","gl":"The Titan's Curse","he":"פרסי ג'קסון וקללת הטיטאן","hu":"A titán átka","hy":"Պերսի Ջեքսոնը և տիտանի անեծքը","it":"Percy Jackson e gli dei dell'Olimpo: la maledizione del Titano","ms":"The Titan's Curse","nl":"De Vloek van de Titaan","nb":"Titanens forbannelse","pl":"Klątwa tytana","pt":"The Titan's Curse","ru":"Перси Джексон и проклятие титана","simple":"The Titan's Curse","th":"เพอร์ซีย์ แจ็กสัน กับคำสาปแห่งไททัน","tr":"Titan'ın Laneti","vi":"Lời nguyền của thần Titan","zh":"波西傑克森—泰坦魔咒"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Kutukan Bangsa Titan adalah buku ketiga dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan. Novel ini menceritakan petualangan Percy Jackson, seorang pemuda setengah dewa berusia 14 tahun, bersama kawan-kawannya dalam usaha mereka menyelamatkan temannya, Annabeth Chase, dan dewi Artemis, yang telah diculik. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Titan's Curse.\n\nSesosok monster purba yang telah punah selama ribuan tahun kini bangkit. Monster itu disebut sebagai pembawa kiamat bagi dewa-dewi Olympus. Dewi Artemis, satu-satunya dewi yang tahu cara melacaknya, telah menghilang tanpa jejak. Kini, Percy dan teman-temannya, bersama dengan para Pemburu Artemis, hanya memiliki waktu satu minggu untuk mencari dewi yang diculik dan memecahkan misteri monster yang tengah diburu. Percy dan kawan-kawannya mengawali misi ini dengan dibayangi oleh tantangan paling berbahaya yang pernah mereka hadapi: ramalan mengerikan sang Orakel mengenai kutukan bangsa Titan. Menurut ramalan tersebut, akan ada yang menghilang di dataran tanpa hujan, dan akan ada yang binasa di tangan salah satu orangtuanya.\n\nPercy Jackson Thalia Grace Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Bianca di Angelo Zoë Nightshade Luke Castellan Nico di Angelo\n\nKategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia Kategori:Novel tahun 2009\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Book  \n| name          = Kutukan Bangsa Titan\n| image         = Berkas:KBT.jpg\n| author        = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| country       = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language      = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| release_date  = 1 Mei 2007 (Amerika Serikat)<br />Juni 2009 ([[Indonesia]])\n| series        = ''[[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]'' (Buku 3)\n| genre         = [[Fantasi]], [[fiksi]], [[mitologi Yunani]]\n| publisher     = [[Miramax]] dan [[Hyperion Books for Children]] (Amerika Serikat)<br />[[Mizan]] (Indonesia)\n| media_type    = \n| pages         = 412\n| isbn          = 9789794335881\n| congress      = \n| oclc          = \n| preceded_by   = [[Lautan Monster]]\n| followed_by   = [[Pertempuran Labirin]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kutukan Bangsa Titan adalah buku ketiga dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan.","translated_text":"The Curse of the Titan Nation is the third book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Novel ini menceritakan petualangan Percy Jackson, seorang pemuda setengah dewa berusia 14 tahun, bersama kawan-kawannya dalam usaha mereka menyelamatkan temannya, Annabeth Chase, dan dewi Artemis, yang telah diculik.","translated_text":"The novel follows the adventures of Percy Jackson, a 14-year-old half-god, and his friends as they try to save his friend, Annabeth Chase, and the goddess Artemis, who has been kidnapped.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Titan's Curse.","translated_text":"The original title in English was The Titan's Curse.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sesosok monster purba yang telah punah selama ribuan tahun kini bangkit.","translated_text":"An ancient monster that's been extinct for thousands of years is now rising.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Monster itu disebut sebagai pembawa kiamat bagi dewa-dewi Olympus.","translated_text":"The monster is said to be the bringer of doom to the Olympian gods.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dewi Artemis, satu-satunya dewi yang tahu cara melacaknya, telah menghilang tanpa jejak.","translated_text":"The goddess Artemis, the only goddess who knew how to track him down, has disappeared without a trace.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kini, Percy dan teman-temannya, bersama dengan para Pemburu Artemis, hanya memiliki waktu satu minggu untuk mencari dewi yang diculik dan memecahkan misteri monster yang tengah diburu.","translated_text":"Now, Percy and his friends, along with the Artemis Hunters, have only one week to find the abducted goddess and solve the mystery of the hunted monster.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Percy dan kawan-kawannya mengawali misi ini dengan dibayangi oleh tantangan paling berbahaya yang pernah mereka hadapi: ramalan mengerikan sang Orakel mengenai kutukan bangsa Titan.","translated_text":"Percy and his companions embark on this mission shadowed by the most dangerous challenge they have ever faced: the Oracle's horrifying prophecy of the Titan curse.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut ramalan tersebut, akan ada yang menghilang di dataran tanpa hujan, dan akan ada yang binasa di tangan salah satu orangtuanya.","translated_text":"According to the prophecy, some would disappear in the rainless plains, and some would perish at the hands of one of their parents.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:29.141185-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.000875-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tokoh","translated_text":"Characters","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Percy Jackson Thalia Grace Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Bianca di Angelo Zoë Nightshade Luke Castellan Nico di Angelo","translated_text":"Percy Jackson Thalia Grace Annabeth Chase Grover Underwood Bianca played by Angelo Zoë Nightshade Luke Castellan Nico played by Angelo","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia Kategori:Novel tahun 2009","translated_text":"Category:Percy Jackson and the Gods and Goddesses of the Olympics Category:Novel of 2009","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Kini, Percy dan teman-temannya, bersama dengan para Pemburu Artemis, hanya memiliki waktu satu minggu untuk mencari dewi yang diculik dan memecahkan misteri monster yang tengah diburu. Percy dan kawan-kawannya mengawali misi ini dengan dibayangi oleh tantangan paling berbahaya yang pernah mereka hadapi: ramalan mengerikan sang Orakel mengenai kutukan bangsa Titan. Menurut ramalan tersebut, akan ada yang menghilang di dataran tanpa hujan, dan akan ada yang binasa di tangan salah satu orangtuanya.","translated_text":"Now, Percy and his friends, along with the Artemis Hunters, have only one week to find the abducted goddess and solve the mystery of the hunted monster. Percy and his companions embark on this mission shadowed by the most dangerous challenge they have ever faced: the Oracle's horrifying prophecy of the Titan curse. According to the prophecy, some would disappear in the rainless plains, and some would perish at the hands of one of their parents.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":500,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:29.141185-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":500,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081333/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/1586/the-titan-s-curse-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.000875-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Antonio Valencia","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername = Antonio Valencia\n|image = [[Berkas:Antonio Valencia cropped.jpg|200px|Antonio Valencia]]\n|caption = Valencia bermain untuk [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|fullname = Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera\n|dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1985|8|4|df=y}}\n|cityofbirth = [[Lago Agrio]]\n|countryofbirth = Ekuador\n|height = {{height|m=1,80}}\n|position = [[Gelandang#Gelandang Sayap|Gelandang Sayap]], [[Bek#Bek Sayap|Bek Sayap]]\n|youthyears1 = 1999–2001\n|youthclubs1 = Caribe Junior\n|youthyears2 = 2001–2004\n|youthclubs2 = [[Club Deportivo El Nacional|El Nacional]]\n|years1 = 2003–2005\n|clubs1 = [[Club Deportivo El Nacional|El Nacional]]\n|caps1 = 83 |goals1 = 11\n|years2 = 2005–2008\n|clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]]\n|caps2 = 2 |goals2 = 0\n|years3 = 2005–2006\n|clubs3 = → [[Recreativo de Huelva|Recreativo]] (pinjaman)\n|caps3 = 12 |goals3 = 0\n|years4 = 2006–2008\n|clubs4 = → [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] (pinjaman)\n|caps4 = 37 |goals4 = 1\n|years5 = 2008–2009\n|clubs5 = [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]]\n|caps5 = 47 |goals5 = 6\n| years6 = 2009–2019 \n|clubs6 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]    \n|caps6 = 241 |goals6 = 17\n| years7 = 2019–2020 \n|clubs7 = [[L.D.U. Quito|LDU Quito]]                                |caps7 = 14  |goals7 = 0\n| years8 = 2020–2021 \n|clubs8 = [[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]]                    |caps8 = 15  |goals8 = 1\n| totalcaps = 452 \n| totalgoals = 37\n| nationalyears1  = 2004–2019 |nationalteam1 = [[Tim nasional sepak bola Ekuador|Ekuador]]\n|nationalcaps1 = 99 |nationalgoals1 = 11\n}}\n'''Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera''' ({{lahirmati|[[Lago Agrio]], [[Ekuador]]|8|4|1985}}) merupakan seorang mantan pemain [[sepak bola]] asal [[Ekuador]].<ref name=\"Profile\">{{cite web|title=Antonio Valenca|url=http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|work=wiganlatics.co.uk|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C.|date=16 Juli 2008|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|archive-date=2008-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dia dianggap sebagai salah satu pemain terbaik {{timnas|Ekuador}} sepanjang masa.\n\n== Karier ==\n=== Awal karier ===\nValencia memulai karier pertamanya di klub lokal [[Ekuador]] yaitu [[Club Deportivo El Nacional|El Nacional]], setelah dua tahun merumput disana ia pindah ke klub [[Spanyol]] [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] pada tahun 2005.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Mark|last1=Buckingham|first2=Patricio|last2=Figueroa|title=Villarreal bag duo|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11844_2338262,00.html|work=Sky Sports|publisher=BSkyB|date=7 Juni 2005|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref> Akan tetapi, kemudian ia dipinjamkan ke [[Recreativo de Huelva|Recreativo]] dan membantu tim tersebut [[promosi]] ke Divisi Utama.<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia, del estadio Carlos Vernaza al Teatro de los Sueños|trans_title=|url=http://www.elmorlaco.com/noticiasfutbol.aspx?cod=1792|publisher=El Morlaco Digital|date=2 Juni 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|language=Spanyol}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>\n\n=== Wigan Athletic ===\nPada awal musim berikutnya, ia bergabung dengan salah satu klub [[Liga Utama Inggris]] yaitu [[Wigan Athletic]] dengan menandatangani kontrak selama tiga tahun.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wigan snap up Ecuador's Valencia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/5243610.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=3 Agustus 2006|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref> Valencia memulai debut awal bersama Wigan dan membuat penampilan yang terus menanjak membuat banyak klub besar tertarik menggunakan jasanya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia joins Man Utd from Wigan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8127596.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=16 Juni 2010|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>\n\n=== Manchester United ===\nAkhirnya pilihannya jatuh pada [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], ia menandatangani kontrak dengan salah satu raksasa [[Liga Utama Inggris]] itu pada tanggal 30 Juni 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8314336.stm|title=CSKA Moscow 0–1 Man Utd|publisher=BBC Sport|date=21 Oktober 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref> Dengan durasi kontrak selama empat tahun.<ref name=\"McNulty\">{{cite news|first=Phil|last=McNulty|title=Chelsea 2–2 Man Utd|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8190061.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=9 Agustus 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref> Valencia memulai debutnya bersama Manchester United pada saat klubnya tersebut bertanding pada ajang [[Community Shield FA]] tahun [[Community Shield FA 2009|2009]].<ref name=\"McNulty\"/>\n\nPada tanggal 3 Juli 2012, Valencia menegaskan bahwa akan memakai nomor punggung 7, yang pernah dipakai [[Michael Owen]] dari klub dan karena performa baik Valencia di musim ini. Nomor 25 diberikan kepada rekan baru setimnya [[Nick Powell]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Nick|last=Coppack|title=New numbers for trio|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jul/new-squad-numbers-for-valencia-and-new-signings.aspx|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=3 Juli 2012|accessdate=31 Juli 2012 }}</ref> Pada 17 April 2013, Valencia mencetak gol pertamanya di liga musim ini, melawan [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]]. Pada tanggal 22 April, Valencia memenangkan gelar [[Liga Utama Inggris|Premier League]] kedua setelah Manchester United mengalahkan [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] dalam kemenangan kandang 3-0.\n\nSetelah tidak begitu mengesankan di musim 2012–13 saat mengenakan nomor 7, Valencia kembali ke mantan nomor punggung 25 nya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/08/11/antonio-valencia-ditches-famous-manchester-united-no-7-shirt-3919979/ |title= Antonio Valencia ditches famous Manchester United No. 7 shirt|publisher=metro.co.uk |date=11 Agustus 2013 |accessdate=11 Agustus 2013}}</ref> Valencia memulai musim dengan gol melawan [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] pada laga testimonial Rio Ferdinand di [[Old Trafford]] dengan kekalahan 1-3 pada tanggal 9 Agustus 2013. Valencia kemudian muncul di laga [[Community Shield FA]] melawan Wigan datang sebagai pengganti [[Wilfried Zaha]] di menit ke-62. Valencia mencetak gol pertama dalam kemenangan 5-0 tandang melawan klub [[Jerman]] [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] di babak penyisihan grup [[Liga Champions UEFA]] pada tanggal 27 November 2013.\n\n=== LDU Quito ===\nSetelah dilepas oleh [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[L.D.U. Quito|LDU Quito]] mendatangkan Valencia dengan status bebas transfer.<ref>{{cite news|title=LDU Quito sign Valencia on a free transfer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48804579 |work=bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC Sport |date=28 Juni 2019 |access-date=28 Juni 2019}}</ref> Dia melakukan debutnya untuk klub dengan skor 1–0 kemenangan atas [[CD América de Quito|América de Quito]] di [[Serie A Ekuador]] pada 18 Juli 2019.<ref>{{cite news|title=Antonio Valencia envía mensaje tras su debut con Liga de Quito|url=https://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/estadio/nacional/510826-antonio-valencia-envia-mensaje-tras-su-debut-liga-quito|work=ecuavisa.com|publisher=Ecuavisa|language=Spanyol|date=19 Juli 2019|access-date=23 Juli 2019}}</ref>\n\n=== Querétaro ===\nPada 27 November 2020, Valencia menandatangani kontrak dengan klub Meksiko [[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]] dengan status bebas transfer.<ref name=\":0\" />\n\nPada 12 Mei 2021, Valencia mengumumkan bahwa dirinya resmi pensiun dari sepak bola profesional.<ref name=\":0\">{{cite news |title=Antonio Valencia |url=https://clubqueretaro.com/gallos/prensa/notas/908-antonio-valencia |language=Spanyol |publisher=Club Querétaro |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 }}</ref>\n\n== Internasional ==\n=== Ekuador U20 ===\nValencia masuk tim nasional U-20, bersama [[Christian Benítez]], di mana ia mencetak 17 gol dalam 23 pertandingan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Antonio Valencia – The Start of a Goal Rush?|url=http://www.footballfancast.com/2009/12/football-blogs/antonio-valencia-%E2%80%93-the-start-of-a-goal-rush|work=Footballfancast.com|publisher=Football Fancast|date=16 Desember 2009|accessdate=15 Agustus 2010|archive-date=2012-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001022542/http://www.footballfancast.com/2009/12/football-blogs/antonio-valencia-%E2%80%93-the-start-of-a-goal-rush|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n=== Tim senior Ekuador ===\nPada tanggal 27 Maret 2005 Valencia meraih caps internasional pertamanya untuk {{timnas|Ekuador}} dan mencetak dua gol internasional pertamanya, ketika kemenangan 5-2 saat [[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2006|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia]] melawan {{timnas|Paraguay}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ecuador 5–2 Paraguay|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html|work=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|date=25 Maret 2005|accessdate=25 Maret 2005|archive-date=2007-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023235808/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\nPada tanggal 3 Juli 2011, dalam pertandingan melawan {{timnas|Paraguay}} di [[Copa América 2011]], ia mengalami cedera di pergelangan kaki kirinya karena terkilir dan terpaksa ditarik keluar di babak pertama.<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia injured at Copa America|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2011/Jul/Valencia-injured-for-Ecudaor.aspx|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=4 Juli 2011|accessdate=5 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705041314/http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2011/Jul/Valencia-injured-for-Ecudaor.aspx|archivedate=2011-07-05|deadurl=no}}</ref>\n\n=== Gol internasional ===\n{|Class=\"wikitable collapsible\"\n! # !! Tanggal !! Venue !! Lawan !! Skor !! Hasil !! Kompetisi\n|-\n|Align=center|'''1'''|| rowspan=\"2\" |27 Maret 2005 ||Rowspan=\"2\"|[[Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa]], [[Quito]], [[Ekuador]] ||Rowspan=\"2\"|{{fb|PAR}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–2 ||Rowspan=\"2\" align=center|5–2 ||Rowspan=\"2\"|[[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2006]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''2'''|| align=\"center\" |'''4'''–2\n|-\n|Align=center|'''3'''||30 Maret 2005 ||[[Stadion Nasional Peru|Estadio Nacional]], [[Lima]], [[Peru]] ||{{fb|PER}} ||Align=center|1–'''2''' ||Align=center|2–2 ||Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2006\n|-\n|Align=center|'''4'''||27 Juni 2007 ||[[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Kota Guayana|Puerto Ordaz]], [[Venezuela]] ||{{fb|CHL}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–0 ||Align=center|2–3 ||[[Copa América 2007]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''5'''||9 September 2009 ||[[Estadio Hernando Siles]], [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]] ||{{fb|BOL}} ||Align=center|0–'''2''' ||Align=center|1–3 ||[[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''6'''||10 Oktober 2009 ||Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, Quito, Ekuador ||{{fb|URU}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–0 ||Align=center|1–2 ||Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n|-\n|Align=center|'''7'''||6 Februari 2013 ||[[Estádio D. Afonso Henriques]], [[Guimarães]], [[Portugal]] ||{{fb|POR}} ||Align=center|0–'''1''' ||Align=center|2–3 ||[[Pertandingan persahabatan|Persahabatan]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''8'''||29 Mei 2013 ||[[Sun Life Stadium]], [[Miami]], [[Amerika Serikat]] ||{{fb|GER}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–4 ||Align=center|2–4 ||Persahabatan \n|-\n!9\n|12 Juni 2016\n|[[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], [[Amerika Serikat]] \n|{{fb|HAI}}\n|'''4'''–0\n|4–0\n|[[Copa América Centenario]]\n|-\n!10\n|6 Oktober 2016\n|Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, Quito, Ekuador\n|{{fb|CHI}}\n|'''1'''–0\n|3–0\n|[[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n|-\n!11\n|15 November 2018\n|Estadio Nacional de Lima, Lima, Peru\n|{{fb|PER}}\n|'''1'''–0\n|2–0\n|Persahabatan \n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons category|Antonio Valencia}}\n* {{soccerbase|id=40454|name=Luis Antonio Valencia}}\n* {{FIFA player|202544|Luis Valencia}}\n* [http://www.manutd.com/en/Players-And-Staff/First-Team/Antonio-Valencia.aspx Profil Antonio Valencia di situs resmi Manchester United]\n\n{{Navboxes berwarna\n|title= Prestasi dan Penghargaan\n|bg= gold\n|list1=\n{{PoTY Manchester United F.C.}}\n}}\n{{Navboxes colour\n|title = Skuad tim nasional\n|bg=#fcd116\n|fg=#003893\n|list =\n{{Skuad PD2006 Ekuador}} \n{{Skuad Copa América 2007 Ekuador}}\n{{Skuad Copa América 2011 Ekuador}}\n{{Skuad PD2014 Ekuador}} \n{{Skuad Copa América Centenario Ekuador}}\n}}\n{{Skuad Manchester United}}\n\n{{lifetime|1985||Valencia, Antonio}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Ekuador]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Copa América 2011]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Wigan Athletic F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Manchester United]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Villarreal CF]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2006]]","hash":"016bf78a9ba7e63cb503c5753ea5b9a6907063fa7825fab8d1401c8163bc6854","last_revision":"2023-12-20T01:04:54Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T03:58:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.455853","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أنتونيو فالنسيا","arz":"انتونيو فالنسيا","azb":"آنتونیو والنسیا","be":"Антоніа Валенсія","be-x-old":"Антоніё Валенсія","bg":"Антонио Валенсия","bn":"অ্যান্টনিও ভ্যালেন্সিয়া","ca":"Luis Antonio Valencia","cs":"Luis Antonio Valencia","da":"Antonio Valencia","de":"Antonio Valencia","en":"Antonio Valencia","eo":"Antonio Valencia","es":"Antonio Valencia","et":"Antonio Valencia","fa":"آنتونیو والنسیا","fi":"Antonio Valencia","fr":"Antonio Valencia","gv":"Antonio Valencia","he":"אנטוניו ולנסיה","hr":"Luis Antonio Valencia","hu":"Antonio Valencia (labdarúgó, 1985)","hy":"Անտոնիո Վալենսիա","is":"Antonio Valencia","it":"Luis Antonio Valencia","ja":"アントニオ・バレンシア","jv":"Antonio Valencia","ka":"ანტონიო ვალენსია","kk":"Антонио Валенсия","ko":"안토니오 발렌시아","la":"Antonius Valencia","lt":"Luis Antonio Valencia","lv":"Antonio Valensija","mg":"Antonio Valencia","mk":"Антонио Валенсија","mn":"Антонио Валенсиа","ms":"Antonio Valencia","mt":"Antonio Valencia","ne":"एन्टोनियो भ्यालेन्सियो","nl":"Antonio Valencia","nn":"Antonio Valencia","nb":"Antonio Valencia","pl":"Antonio Valencia","pt":"Antonio Valencia","ro":"Antonio Valencia","ru":"Валенсия, Антонио","sa":"अंटोनियो वालेंसिया","simple":"Antonio Valencia","sk":"Antonio Valencia","sl":"Antonio Valencia","sq":"Antonio Valencia","sr":"Антонио Валенсија","sv":"Antonio Valencia","sw":"Antonio Valencia","tg":"Антонио Валенсия","th":"อันโตนิโอ บาเลนเซีย","tr":"Antonio Valencia","uk":"Антоніо Валенсія","vi":"Antonio Valencia","vo":"Antonio Valencia (futaglöpädan, 1985)","wuu":"安东尼奥·瓦伦西亚","xmf":"ანტონიო ვალენსია","zh":"安东尼奥·瓦伦西亚"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera () merupakan seorang mantan pemain sepak bola asal Ekuador. Dia dianggap sebagai salah satu pemain terbaik sepanjang masa.\n\nValencia memulai karier pertamanya di klub lokal Ekuador yaitu El Nacional, setelah dua tahun merumput disana ia pindah ke klub Spanyol Villarreal pada tahun 2005. Akan tetapi, kemudian ia dipinjamkan ke Recreativo dan membantu tim tersebut promosi ke Divisi Utama.\n\nPada awal musim berikutnya, ia bergabung dengan salah satu klub Liga Utama Inggris yaitu Wigan Athletic dengan menandatangani kontrak selama tiga tahun. Valencia memulai debut awal bersama Wigan dan membuat penampilan yang terus menanjak membuat banyak klub besar tertarik menggunakan jasanya.\n\nAkhirnya pilihannya jatuh pada Manchester United, ia menandatangani kontrak dengan salah satu raksasa Liga Utama Inggris itu pada tanggal 30 Juni 2009. Dengan durasi kontrak selama empat tahun. Valencia memulai debutnya bersama Manchester United pada saat klubnya tersebut bertanding pada ajang Community Shield FA tahun 2009.\n\nPada tanggal 3 Juli 2012, Valencia menegaskan bahwa akan memakai nomor punggung 7, yang pernah dipakai Michael Owen dari klub dan karena performa baik Valencia di musim ini. Nomor 25 diberikan kepada rekan baru setimnya Nick Powell. Pada 17 April 2013, Valencia mencetak gol pertamanya di liga musim ini, melawan West Ham United. Pada tanggal 22 April, Valencia memenangkan gelar Premier League kedua setelah Manchester United mengalahkan Aston Villa dalam kemenangan kandang 3-0.\n\nSetelah tidak begitu mengesankan di musim 2012–13 saat mengenakan nomor 7, Valencia kembali ke mantan nomor punggung 25 nya. Valencia memulai musim dengan gol melawan Sevilla pada laga testimonial Rio Ferdinand di Old Trafford dengan kekalahan 1-3 pada tanggal 9 Agustus 2013. Valencia kemudian muncul di laga Community Shield FA melawan Wigan datang sebagai pengganti Wilfried Zaha di menit ke-62. Valencia mencetak gol pertama dalam kemenangan 5-0 tandang melawan klub Jerman Bayer Leverkusen di babak penyisihan grup Liga Champions UEFA pada tanggal 27 November 2013.\n\nSetelah dilepas oleh Manchester United, LDU Quito mendatangkan Valencia dengan status bebas transfer. Dia melakukan debutnya untuk klub dengan skor 1–0 kemenangan atas América de Quito di Serie A Ekuador pada 18 Juli 2019.\n\nPada 27 November 2020, Valencia menandatangani kontrak dengan klub Meksiko Querétaro dengan status bebas transfer.\n\nPada 12 Mei 2021, Valencia mengumumkan bahwa dirinya resmi pensiun dari sepak bola profesional.\n\nValencia masuk tim nasional U-20, bersama Christian Benítez, di mana ia mencetak 17 gol dalam 23 pertandingan.\n\nPada tanggal 27 Maret 2005 Valencia meraih caps internasional pertamanya untuk dan mencetak dua gol internasional pertamanya, ketika kemenangan 5-2 saat Kualifikasi Piala Dunia melawan .\n\nPada tanggal 3 Juli 2011, dalam pertandingan melawan di Copa América 2011, ia mengalami cedera di pergelangan kaki kirinya karena terkilir dan terpaksa ditarik keluar di babak pertama.\n\nProfil Antonio Valencia di situs resmi Manchester United\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Ekuador Kategori:Pemain Copa América 2011 Kategori:Pemain Wigan Athletic F.C. Kategori:Pemain Manchester United Kategori:Pemain Villarreal CF Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2006\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername = Antonio Valencia\n|image = [[Berkas:Antonio Valencia cropped.jpg|200px|Antonio Valencia]]\n|caption = Valencia bermain untuk [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|fullname = Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera\n|dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1985|8|4|df=y}}\n|cityofbirth = [[Lago Agrio]]\n|countryofbirth = Ekuador\n|height = {{height|m=1,80}}\n|position = [[Gelandang#Gelandang Sayap|Gelandang Sayap]], [[Bek#Bek Sayap|Bek Sayap]]\n|youthyears1 = 1999–2001\n|youthclubs1 = Caribe Junior\n|youthyears2 = 2001–2004\n|youthclubs2 = [[Club Deportivo El Nacional|El Nacional]]\n|years1 = 2003–2005\n|clubs1 = [[Club Deportivo El Nacional|El Nacional]]\n|caps1 = 83 |goals1 = 11\n|years2 = 2005–2008\n|clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]]\n|caps2 = 2 |goals2 = 0\n|years3 = 2005–2006\n|clubs3 = → [[Recreativo de Huelva|Recreativo]] (pinjaman)\n|caps3 = 12 |goals3 = 0\n|years4 = 2006–2008\n|clubs4 = → [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] (pinjaman)\n|caps4 = 37 |goals4 = 1\n|years5 = 2008–2009\n|clubs5 = [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]]\n|caps5 = 47 |goals5 = 6\n| years6 = 2009–2019 \n|clubs6 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]    \n|caps6 = 241 |goals6 = 17\n| years7 = 2019–2020 \n|clubs7 = [[L.D.U. Quito|LDU Quito]]                                |caps7 = 14  |goals7 = 0\n| years8 = 2020–2021 \n|clubs8 = [[Querétaro F.C.|Querétaro]]                    |caps8 = 15  |goals8 = 1\n| totalcaps = 452 \n| totalgoals = 37\n| nationalyears1  = 2004–2019 |nationalteam1 = [[Tim nasional sepak bola Ekuador|Ekuador]]\n|nationalcaps1 = 99 |nationalgoals1 = 11\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera () merupakan seorang mantan pemain sepak bola asal Ekuador.","translated_text":"Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera () is an Ecuadorian former footballer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Profile\">{{cite web|title=Antonio Valenca|url=http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|work=wiganlatics.co.uk|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C.|date=16 Juli 2008|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|archive-date=2008-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"Profile","url":"http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.071873-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Profile\">{{cite web|title=Antonio Valenca|url=http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|work=wiganlatics.co.uk|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C.|date=16 Juli 2008|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|archive-date=2008-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"Profile","url":"http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.071873-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia dianggap sebagai salah satu pemain terbaik sepanjang masa.","translated_text":"He's considered one of the greatest players of all time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Awal karier","translated_text":"Early career","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Valencia memulai karier pertamanya di klub lokal Ekuador yaitu El Nacional, setelah dua tahun merumput disana ia pindah ke klub Spanyol Villarreal pada tahun 2005.","translated_text":"Valencia began his career at Ecuadorian local club El Nacional, after spending two years there he moved to Spanish club Villarreal in 2005.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|first1=Mark|last1=Buckingham|first2=Patricio|last2=Figueroa|title=Villarreal bag duo|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11844_2338262,00.html|work=Sky Sports|publisher=BSkyB|date=7 Juni 2005|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":163,"name":null,"url":"http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11844_2338262,00.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.097878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, kemudian ia dipinjamkan ke Recreativo dan membantu tim tersebut promosi ke Divisi Utama.","translated_text":"However, he was later loaned to Recreativo and helped the team to promotion to the First Division.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia, del estadio Carlos Vernaza al Teatro de los Sueños|trans_title=|url=http://www.elmorlaco.com/noticiasfutbol.aspx?cod=1792|publisher=El Morlaco Digital|date=2 Juni 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|language=Spanyol}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":"http://www.elmorlaco.com/noticiasfutbol.aspx?cod=1792","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.126136-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Wigan Athletic","translated_text":"Wigan Athletic","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada awal musim berikutnya, ia bergabung dengan salah satu klub Liga Utama Inggris yaitu Wigan Athletic dengan menandatangani kontrak selama tiga tahun.","translated_text":"At the start of the following season, he joined English Premier League club Wigan Athletic on a three-year contract.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Wigan snap up Ecuador's Valencia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/5243610.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=3 Agustus 2006|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":152,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/5243610.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":30949,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.148263-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9267578125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Valencia memulai debut awal bersama Wigan dan membuat penampilan yang terus menanjak membuat banyak klub besar tertarik menggunakan jasanya.","translated_text":"Valencia made his first-team debut with Wigan and made a steady rise in appearances that attracted many major clubs to use his services.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia joins Man Utd from Wigan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8127596.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=16 Juni 2010|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":140,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8127596.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":53640,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.503553-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92578125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Manchester United","translated_text":"Manchester United","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Akhirnya 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Valencia mencetak gol pertama dalam kemenangan 5-0 tandang melawan klub Jerman Bayer Leverkusen di babak penyisihan grup Liga Champions UEFA pada tanggal 27 November 2013.","translated_text":"Valencia scored their first goal in a 5-0 away win against German club Bayer Leverkusen in the UEFA Champions League group stage on 27 November 2013.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"LDU Quito","translated_text":"The LDU Quito","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah dilepas oleh Manchester United, LDU Quito mendatangkan Valencia dengan status bebas transfer.","translated_text":"After being released by Manchester United, LDU Quito brought Valencia on a free transfer basis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=LDU Quito sign Valencia on a free 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Tanggal !! Venue !! Lawan !! Skor !! Hasil !! Kompetisi\n|-\n|Align=center|'''1'''|| rowspan=\"2\" |27 Maret 2005 ||Rowspan=\"2\"|[[Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa]], [[Quito]], [[Ekuador]] ||Rowspan=\"2\"|{{fb|PAR}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–2 ||Rowspan=\"2\" align=center|5–2 ||Rowspan=\"2\"|[[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2006]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''2'''|| align=\"center\" |'''4'''–2\n|-\n|Align=center|'''3'''||30 Maret 2005 ||[[Stadion Nasional Peru|Estadio Nacional]], [[Lima]], [[Peru]] ||{{fb|PER}} ||Align=center|1–'''2''' ||Align=center|2–2 ||Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2006\n|-\n|Align=center|'''4'''||27 Juni 2007 ||[[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Kota Guayana|Puerto Ordaz]], [[Venezuela]] ||{{fb|CHL}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–0 ||Align=center|2–3 ||[[Copa América 2007]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''5'''||9 September 2009 ||[[Estadio Hernando Siles]], [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]] ||{{fb|BOL}} ||Align=center|0–'''2''' ||Align=center|1–3 ||[[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''6'''||10 Oktober 2009 ||Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, Quito, Ekuador ||{{fb|URU}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–0 ||Align=center|1–2 ||Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n|-\n|Align=center|'''7'''||6 Februari 2013 ||[[Estádio D. Afonso Henriques]], [[Guimarães]], [[Portugal]] ||{{fb|POR}} ||Align=center|0–'''1''' ||Align=center|2–3 ||[[Pertandingan persahabatan|Persahabatan]]\n|-\n|Align=center|'''8'''||29 Mei 2013 ||[[Sun Life Stadium]], [[Miami]], [[Amerika Serikat]] ||{{fb|GER}} ||Align=center|'''1'''–4 ||Align=center|2–4 ||Persahabatan \n|-\n!9\n|12 Juni 2016\n|[[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], [[Amerika Serikat]] \n|{{fb|HAI}}\n|'''4'''–0\n|4–0\n|[[Copa América Centenario]]\n|-\n!10\n|6 Oktober 2016\n|Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, Quito, Ekuador\n|{{fb|CHI}}\n|'''1'''–0\n|3–0\n|[[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n|-\n!11\n|15 November 2018\n|Estadio Nacional de Lima, Lima, Peru\n|{{fb|PER}}\n|'''1'''–0\n|2–0\n|Persahabatan \n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profil Antonio Valencia di situs resmi Manchester United","translated_text":"Profile of Antonio Valencia on the official website of Manchester United","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Ekuador Kategori:Pemain Copa América 2011 Kategori:Pemain Wigan Athletic F.C. Kategori:Pemain Manchester United Kategori:Pemain Villarreal CF Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2006","translated_text":":Ecuador soccer player Category:Copa América 2011 Category:Wigan Athletic F.C. Category:Manchester United Category:Villarreal CF Category:FIFA World Cup 2014 Category:FIFA World Cup 2006","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera () merupakan seorang mantan pemain sepak bola asal Ekuador.","translated_text":"Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera () is an Ecuadorian former footballer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Profile\">{{cite web|title=Antonio Valenca|url=http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|work=wiganlatics.co.uk|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C.|date=16 Juli 2008|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|archive-date=2008-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"Profile","url":"http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.071873-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Profile\">{{cite web|title=Antonio Valenca|url=http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|work=wiganlatics.co.uk|publisher=Wigan Athletic F.C.|date=16 Juli 2008|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|archive-date=2008-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517090601/http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429~34079,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":90,"name":"Profile","url":"http://www.wiganlatics.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10429","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.071873-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Valencia memulai karier pertamanya di klub lokal Ekuador yaitu El Nacional, setelah dua tahun merumput disana ia pindah ke klub Spanyol Villarreal pada tahun 2005.","translated_text":"Valencia began his career at Ecuadorian local club El Nacional, after spending two years there he moved to Spanish club Villarreal in 2005.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|first1=Mark|last1=Buckingham|first2=Patricio|last2=Figueroa|title=Villarreal bag duo|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11844_2338262,00.html|work=Sky Sports|publisher=BSkyB|date=7 Juni 2005|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":163,"name":null,"url":"http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11844_2338262,00.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.097878-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Valencia memulai karier pertamanya di klub lokal Ekuador yaitu El Nacional, setelah dua tahun merumput disana ia pindah ke klub Spanyol Villarreal pada tahun 2005. Akan tetapi, kemudian ia dipinjamkan ke Recreativo dan membantu tim tersebut promosi ke Divisi Utama.","translated_text":"Valencia began his career at Ecuadorian local club El Nacional, after spending two years there he moved to Spanish club Villarreal in 2005. However, he was later loaned to Recreativo and helped the team to promotion to the First Division.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia, del estadio Carlos Vernaza al Teatro de los Sueños|trans_title=|url=http://www.elmorlaco.com/noticiasfutbol.aspx?cod=1792|publisher=El Morlaco Digital|date=2 Juni 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010|language=Spanyol}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"http://www.elmorlaco.com/noticiasfutbol.aspx?cod=1792","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.126136-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada awal musim berikutnya, ia bergabung dengan salah satu klub Liga Utama Inggris yaitu Wigan Athletic dengan menandatangani kontrak selama tiga tahun.","translated_text":"At the start of the following season, he joined English Premier League club Wigan Athletic on a three-year contract.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Wigan snap up Ecuador's Valencia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/5243610.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=3 Agustus 2006|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":152,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wigan_athletic/5243610.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":30949,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.148263-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9267578125}]},{"text":"Pada awal musim berikutnya, ia bergabung dengan salah satu klub Liga Utama Inggris yaitu Wigan Athletic dengan menandatangani kontrak selama tiga tahun. Valencia memulai debut awal bersama Wigan dan membuat penampilan yang terus menanjak membuat banyak klub besar tertarik menggunakan jasanya.","translated_text":"At the start of the following season, he joined English Premier League club Wigan Athletic on a three-year contract. Valencia made his first-team debut with Wigan and made a steady rise in appearances that attracted many major clubs to use his services.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia joins Man Utd from Wigan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8127596.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=16 Juni 2010|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":293,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/8127596.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":53640,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.503553-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92578125}]},{"text":"Akhirnya pilihannya jatuh pada Manchester United, ia menandatangani kontrak dengan salah satu raksasa Liga Utama Inggris itu pada tanggal 30 Juni 2009.","translated_text":"Eventually his choice fell to Manchester United, he signed with one of the English Premier League's giants on 30 June 2009.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8314336.stm|title=CSKA Moscow 0–1 Man Utd|publisher=BBC Sport|date=21 Oktober 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/8314336.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":88791,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:40.953848-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93310546875}]},{"text":"Akhirnya pilihannya jatuh pada Manchester United, ia menandatangani kontrak dengan salah satu raksasa Liga Utama Inggris itu pada tanggal 30 Juni 2009. Dengan durasi kontrak selama empat tahun.","translated_text":"Eventually his choice fell to Manchester United, he signed with one of the English Premier League's giants on 30 June 2009. With a four-year contract.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"McNulty\">{{cite news|first=Phil|last=McNulty|title=Chelsea 2–2 Man Utd|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8190061.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=9 Agustus 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":193,"name":"McNulty","url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8190061.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98520,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:41.737567-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Akhirnya pilihannya jatuh pada Manchester United, ia menandatangani kontrak dengan salah satu raksasa Liga Utama Inggris itu pada tanggal 30 Juni 2009. Dengan durasi kontrak selama empat tahun. Valencia memulai debutnya bersama Manchester United pada saat klubnya tersebut bertanding pada ajang Community Shield FA tahun 2009.","translated_text":"Eventually his choice fell to Manchester United, he signed with one of the English Premier League's giants on 30 June 2009. With a four-year contract. Valencia made his debut for Manchester United when the club competed in the 2009 FA Community Shield.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"McNulty\">{{cite news|first=Phil|last=McNulty|title=Chelsea 2–2 Man Utd|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8190061.stm|work=BBC Sport|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=9 Agustus 2009|accessdate=16 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":326,"name":"McNulty","url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8190061.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98520,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:41.737567-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 3 Juli 2012, Valencia menegaskan bahwa akan memakai nomor punggung 7, yang pernah dipakai Michael Owen dari klub dan karena performa baik Valencia di musim ini. Nomor 25 diberikan kepada rekan baru setimnya Nick Powell.","translated_text":"On 3 July 2012, Valencia confirmed that it would wear the back number 7, which was once worn by Michael Owen of the club and due to Valencia's good performance this season. Number 25 was given to his new teammate Nick Powell.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|first=Nick|last=Coppack|title=New numbers for trio|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jul/new-squad-numbers-for-valencia-and-new-signings.aspx|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=3 Juli 2012|accessdate=31 Juli 2012 }}</ref>","char_index":232,"name":null,"url":"http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jul/new-squad-numbers-for-valencia-and-new-signings.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379112,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.415497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (90 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah tidak begitu mengesankan di musim 2012–13 saat mengenakan nomor 7, Valencia kembali ke mantan nomor punggung 25 nya.","translated_text":"After a less impressive 2012-13 season wearing the number 7, Valencia returned to his former number 25.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/08/11/antonio-valencia-ditches-famous-manchester-united-no-7-shirt-3919979/ |title= Antonio Valencia ditches famous Manchester United No. 7 shirt|publisher=metro.co.uk |date=11 Agustus 2013 |accessdate=11 Agustus 2013}}</ref>","char_index":124,"name":null,"url":"http://metro.co.uk/2013/08/11/antonio-valencia-ditches-famous-manchester-united-no-7-shirt-3919979/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":558283,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.516201-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93359375}]},{"text":"Setelah dilepas oleh Manchester United, LDU Quito mendatangkan Valencia dengan status bebas transfer.","translated_text":"After being released by Manchester United, LDU Quito brought Valencia on a free transfer basis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=LDU Quito sign Valencia on a free transfer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48804579 |work=bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC Sport |date=28 Juni 2019 |access-date=28 Juni 2019}}</ref>","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48804579","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":298820,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:43.258866-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Setelah dilepas oleh Manchester United, LDU Quito mendatangkan Valencia dengan status bebas transfer. Dia melakukan debutnya untuk klub dengan skor 1–0 kemenangan atas América de Quito di Serie A Ekuador pada 18 Juli 2019.","translated_text":"After being released by Manchester United, LDU Quito brought Valencia on a free transfer basis. He made his debut for the club in a 1-0 win over América de Quito in the Ecuadorian Serie A on 18 July 2019.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Antonio Valencia envía mensaje tras su debut con Liga de Quito|url=https://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/estadio/nacional/510826-antonio-valencia-envia-mensaje-tras-su-debut-liga-quito|work=ecuavisa.com|publisher=Ecuavisa|language=Spanyol|date=19 Juli 2019|access-date=23 Juli 2019}}</ref>","char_index":222,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/estadio/nacional/510826-antonio-valencia-envia-mensaje-tras-su-debut-liga-quito","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":83331,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:43.753336-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8154296875}]},{"text":"Pada 27 November 2020, Valencia menandatangani kontrak dengan klub Meksiko Querétaro dengan status bebas transfer.","translated_text":"On 27 November 2020, Valencia signed a contract with Mexican club Querétaro with transfer-free status.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{cite news |title=Antonio Valencia |url=https://clubqueretaro.com/gallos/prensa/notas/908-antonio-valencia |language=Spanyol |publisher=Club Querétaro |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 }}</ref>","char_index":114,"name":":0","url":"https://clubqueretaro.com/gallos/prensa/notas/908-antonio-valencia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":102768,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:44.345427-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0941162109375},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Antonio Valencia – The Start of a Goal Rush?|url=http://www.footballfancast.com/2009/12/football-blogs/antonio-valencia-%E2%80%93-the-start-of-a-goal-rush|work=Footballfancast.com|publisher=Football Fancast|date=16 Desember 2009|accessdate=15 Agustus 2010|archive-date=2012-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001022542/http://www.footballfancast.com/2009/12/football-blogs/antonio-valencia-%E2%80%93-the-start-of-a-goal-rush|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":110,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121001022542/http://www.footballfancast.com/2009/12/football-blogs/antonio-valencia-%E2%80%93-the-start-of-a-goal-rush","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:44.498943-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 27 Maret 2005 Valencia meraih caps internasional pertamanya untuk dan mencetak dua gol internasional pertamanya, ketika kemenangan 5-2 saat Kualifikasi Piala Dunia melawan .","translated_text":"On 27 March 2005 Valencia earned his first international caps for and scored his first two international goals, in a 5-2 victory during the World Cup Qualifiers against.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Ecuador 5–2 Paraguay|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html|work=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|date=25 Maret 2005|accessdate=25 Maret 2005|archive-date=2007-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023235808/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1359,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:44.567997-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Ecuador 5–2 Paraguay|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html|work=FIFA.com|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|date=25 Maret 2005|accessdate=25 Maret 2005|archive-date=2007-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023235808/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071023235808/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/preliminaries/preliminary=7302/matches/match=33864/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:44.612489-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 3 Juli 2011, dalam pertandingan melawan di Copa América 2011, ia mengalami cedera di pergelangan kaki kirinya karena terkilir dan terpaksa ditarik keluar di babak pertama.","translated_text":"On 3 July 2011, in a match against them at the 2011 Copa América, he suffered an injury to his left ankle due to an ankle injury and was forced to withdraw in the first half.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Valencia injured at Copa America|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2011/Jul/Valencia-injured-for-Ecudaor.aspx|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=4 Juli 2011|accessdate=5 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705041314/http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2011/Jul/Valencia-injured-for-Ecudaor.aspx|archivedate=2011-07-05|deadurl=no}}</ref>","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":"http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2011/Jul/Valencia-injured-for-Ecudaor.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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+{"title":"Berkas:KBT.jpg","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description    = == Ringkasan ==\nSumber: http://www.bookoopedia.com/daftar-buku/pid-30639/percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-3-the-titan-s-curse-kutukan-bangsa-titan.html\n== Jenis lisensi ==\n{{SampulBuku}}\n|source         = \n|date           = \n|location       = \n|author         = \n|permission     = \n|other_versions = \n}}","hash":"40bb3770a949d7683e746ac4434520ef51e1e7c801125d83f93faeb509326b4e","last_revision":"2016-02-27T10:27:23Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T03:58:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.515430","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Darron Gibson","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername = Darron Gibson\n|image = [[Berkas:Darron Gibson 2012 Sopot.jpg|200px|Darron Gibson]]\n|fullname = Darron Thomas Daniel Gibson<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/staticFiles/7b/53/0,,12306~152443,00.pdf |title=Premier League Statistics 2009/2010 |work=PremierLeague.com |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=7 July 2011 |format=PFD |page=12 |archive-date=2011-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108152534/http://www.premierleague.com/staticFiles/7b/53/0,,12306~152443,00.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n|dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1987|10|25|df=y}}\n|cityofbirth = [[Derry]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Irlandia Utara]]\n|height = {{height|m=1,83}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson |title=Player Profile – Darron Gibson |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=15 January 2012 |archive-date=2012-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022411/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n| currentclub = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]\n| clubnumber = 24\n|position = [[Gelandang]]\n|youthyears1 = 2003–2004 |youthclubs1 = [[Institute F.C.|Institute]]\n|youthyears2 = 2004–2005 |youthclubs2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|years1 = 2005–2012 |clubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]      |caps1 = 31 |goals1 = 3\n|years2 = 2006–2007 |clubs2 = → [[Royal Antwerp F.C.|Royal Antwerp]] ''(pinjaman)'' |caps2 = 31 |goals2 = 1\n|years3 = 2007–2008 |clubs3 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] ''(pinjaman)'' |caps3 = 21 |goals3 = 1\n| years4 = 2012–2017     \n| clubs4 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]                                          \n| caps4 = 51 \n| goals4 = 2 \n| years5 = 2017– \n| clubs5 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]   \n| caps5 = 2     \n| goals5 = 0 <!--LEAGUE ONLY-->\n|nationalyears1 = 2006  |nationalteam1 = Republik Irlandia U21 |nationalcaps1 =   |nationalgoals1 = \n|nationalyears2 = 2006  |nationalteam2 = Republik Irlandia B   |nationalcaps2 = 1  |nationalgoals2 = 0\n|nationalyears3 = 2007– |nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Republik Irlandia}} |nationalcaps3 = 27 |nationalgoals3 = 1\n| pcupdate = 15:31, 12 February 2017 (UTC)\n| ntupdate = 31 May 2016\n}}\n'''Darron Thomas Daniel Gibson''' ({{lahirmati|[[Derry]], [[Irlandia Utara]]|25|10|1987}}) adalah seorang pemain [[sepak bola]] berkebangsaan [[Republik Irlandia]] yang bermain sebagai [[gelandang]] untuk [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] dan {{timnas|Republik Irlandia|tim nasional Republik Irlandia}}.\n\nGibson memulai karier bersama akademi sepak bola [[Institute F.C.|Institute]] sebelum bergabung dengan akademi sepak bola [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] pada tahun 2004. Pada musim 2006–07, ia dipinjamkan ke [[Royal Antwerp F.C.|Royal Antwerp]]. Musim berikutnya Gibson kembali dipinjamkan, kali ini ke [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]. Pada 13 Januari 2012, ia bergabung dengan {{fc|Everton}}.<ref>{{cite news|first=Adam|last=Clark|title=Gibson Signs On|url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2012/01/13/gibson-signs-on|work=evertonfc.com|publisher=Everton FC|date=13 January 2012|accessdate=13 January 2012|archive-date=2012-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705085454/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2012/01/13/gibson-signs-on|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nick|last=Coppack|title=Darron Gibson joins Everton|url=http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2012/Jan/darron-gibson-leaves-manchester-united-to-join-everton.aspx|work=ManUtd.com|publisher=Manchester United|date=13 January 2012|accessdate=13 January 2012 }}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{en}} [http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson Profil di situs web Premier League] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022411/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson |date=2012-01-17 }}\n* {{Soccerbase|id=42488|name=Darron Gibson}}\n{{lifetime|1987||Gibson, Darron}}\n{{Skuad Piala Eropa 2012 Republik Irlandia}}\n{{Skuad Sunderland A.F.C.}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Republik Irlandia]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Manchester United]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Everton F.C.]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Irlandia}}","hash":"bb4958fb77647e47f89ac6da89e0b4e0fb29314cfeb5a06921128cfea771782f","last_revision":"2023-03-03T22:00:33Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T04:00:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.572035","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"دارون غيبسون","arz":"دارون جيبسون","azb":"درن قیبسون","be":"Даран Гібсан","be-x-old":"Дарэн Гібсан","bg":"Дарън Гибсън","ca":"Darron Gibson","cs":"Darron Gibson","da":"Darron Gibson","de":"Darron Gibson","el":"Ντάρον Γκίμπσον","en":"Darron Gibson","es":"Darron Gibson","fa":"درن گیبسون","fi":"Darron Gibson","fr":"Darron Gibson","ga":"Darron Gibson","ha":"Darron Gibson","he":"דארון גיבסון","hu":"Darron Gibson","ig":"Darron Gibson","it":"Darron Gibson","ja":"ダロン・ギブソン","ko":"대런 깁슨","lt":"Darron Gibson","lv":"Derons Gibsons","mg":"Darron Gibson","mk":"Дарон Гибсон","mn":"Даррон Гибсон","ms":"Darron Gibson","mt":"Darron Gibson","nl":"Darron Gibson","nb":"Darron Gibson","pl":"Darron Gibson","pt":"Darron Gibson","ro":"Darron Gibson","ru":"Гибсон, Даррон","sa":"डैरेन गिब्सन","sl":"Darron Gibson","sv":"Darron Gibson","th":"แดร์รอน กิบสัน","tr":"Darron Gibson","uk":"Даррон Гібсон","zh":"达隆·吉布森"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Darron Thomas Daniel Gibson () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola berkebangsaan Republik Irlandia yang bermain sebagai gelandang untuk Sunderland dan .\n\nGibson memulai karier bersama akademi sepak bola Institute sebelum bergabung dengan akademi sepak bola Manchester United pada tahun 2004. Pada musim 2006–07, ia dipinjamkan ke Royal Antwerp. Musim berikutnya Gibson kembali dipinjamkan, kali ini ke Wolverhampton Wanderers. Pada 13 Januari 2012, ia bergabung dengan .\n\nProfil di situs web Premier League\n\nKategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Republik Irlandia Kategori:Pemain Manchester United Kategori:Pemain Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Kategori:Pemain Everton F.C.\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername = Darron Gibson\n|image = [[Berkas:Darron Gibson 2012 Sopot.jpg|200px|Darron Gibson]]\n|fullname = Darron Thomas Daniel Gibson<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/staticFiles/7b/53/0,,12306~152443,00.pdf |title=Premier League Statistics 2009/2010 |work=PremierLeague.com |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=7 July 2011 |format=PFD |page=12 |archive-date=2011-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108152534/http://www.premierleague.com/staticFiles/7b/53/0,,12306~152443,00.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n|dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1987|10|25|df=y}}\n|cityofbirth = [[Derry]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Irlandia Utara]]\n|height = {{height|m=1,83}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson |title=Player Profile – Darron Gibson |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=15 January 2012 |archive-date=2012-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022411/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n| currentclub = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]\n| clubnumber = 24\n|position = [[Gelandang]]\n|youthyears1 = 2003–2004 |youthclubs1 = [[Institute F.C.|Institute]]\n|youthyears2 = 2004–2005 |youthclubs2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|years1 = 2005–2012 |clubs1 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]      |caps1 = 31 |goals1 = 3\n|years2 = 2006–2007 |clubs2 = → [[Royal Antwerp F.C.|Royal Antwerp]] ''(pinjaman)'' |caps2 = 31 |goals2 = 1\n|years3 = 2007–2008 |clubs3 = → [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] ''(pinjaman)'' |caps3 = 21 |goals3 = 1\n| years4 = 2012–2017     \n| clubs4 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]                                          \n| caps4 = 51 \n| goals4 = 2 \n| years5 = 2017– \n| clubs5 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]   \n| caps5 = 2     \n| goals5 = 0 <!--LEAGUE ONLY-->\n|nationalyears1 = 2006  |nationalteam1 = Republik Irlandia U21 |nationalcaps1 =   |nationalgoals1 = \n|nationalyears2 = 2006  |nationalteam2 = Republik Irlandia B   |nationalcaps2 = 1  |nationalgoals2 = 0\n|nationalyears3 = 2007– |nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Republik Irlandia}} |nationalcaps3 = 27 |nationalgoals3 = 1\n| pcupdate = 15:31, 12 February 2017 (UTC)\n| ntupdate = 31 May 2016\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Darron Thomas Daniel Gibson () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola berkebangsaan Republik Irlandia yang bermain sebagai gelandang untuk Sunderland dan .","translated_text":"Darron Thomas Daniel Gibson () was an Irish Republican footballer who played as a midfielder for Sunderland and.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gibson memulai karier bersama akademi sepak bola Institute sebelum bergabung dengan akademi sepak bola Manchester United pada tahun 2004.","translated_text":"Gibson began his career with the Institute's football academy before joining the Manchester United football academy in 2004.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada musim 2006–07, ia dipinjamkan ke Royal Antwerp.","translated_text":"In the 2006-07 season, he was loaned out to Royal Antwerp.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Musim berikutnya Gibson kembali dipinjamkan, kali ini ke Wolverhampton Wanderers.","translated_text":"The following season Gibson was loaned back, this time to Wolverhampton Wanderers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 13 Januari 2012, ia bergabung dengan .","translated_text":"On January 13, 2012, he joined .","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|first=Adam|last=Clark|title=Gibson Signs 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","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022411/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson |date=2012-01-17 }}","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120117022411/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/darron-gibson","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:45.653938-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Republik Irlandia Kategori:Pemain Manchester United Kategori:Pemain Wolverhampton Wanderers 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Kategori:Pemain Everton F.C.","translated_text":":Players of the 2012 UEFA European Championship Category:Players of the Republic of Ireland Category:Players of Manchester United Category:Players of Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Category:Players of Everton F.C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada musim 2006–07, ia dipinjamkan ke Royal Antwerp. Musim berikutnya Gibson kembali dipinjamkan, kali ini ke Wolverhampton Wanderers. Pada 13 Januari 2012, ia bergabung dengan .","translated_text":"In the 2006-07 season, he was loaned out to Royal Antwerp. The following season Gibson was loaned back, this time to Wolverhampton Wanderers. 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+{"title":"Templat:Sect-stub","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Kembangkan bagian]]","hash":"04e2f95abadb5f65b996bafc03f03c48e9f83c5970878ed5dee0ce672a103efd","last_revision":"2010-06-14T04:05:00Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T04:05:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.641600","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Kembangkan bagian\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Kembangkan bagian","translated_text":"Template:Develop the section","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Kembangkan bagian/doc","wikicode":"__NOTOC__\n{{Documentation subpage}}\n<!-- TAMBAHKAN KATEGORI DI BAGIAN PALING BAWAH HALAMAN INI -->\n<!-- UNTUK INTERWIKI, GUNAKAN WIKIDATA -->\n<!-- SUNTING DOKUMENTASI TEMPLAT DI BAWAH INI -->\n\n=== Pemakaian ===\n{{t1|Kembangkan bagian}}, {{t1|Sect-stub}}, atau {{t1|Expand section}} menghasilkan\n{{Kembangkan bagian}}\n\n==== Parameter ====\n<pre>\n{{Kembangkan bagian\n | 1           = (atau \"with=\" dan \"for=\")\n | section     = (nomor bagian)\n | small       = no (bawaan: \"yes\")\n | talksection = (tautan tanpa \"[[]]\"; hanya muncul jika \"small=no\")\n | date        = format: Bulan YYYY (cth Juni 2019)\n | period      = <!--no--> (disertakan setelah input untuk \"1 =\" dari atas secara default - gunakan ini hanya dalam kasus ketika tanda baca terminal harus ditempatkan sebelum referensi)\n}}\n</pre>\n\n==== Contoh ====\n{{tlp|Kembangkan bagian|referensi lebih banyak}} menghasilkan\n{{Kembangkan bagian|referensi lebih banyak}}\n\n=== Lihat pula ===\n* {{tl|empty section}} &mdash; untuk bagian yang masih kosong\n\n<includeonly>\n<!-- KATEGORI DAN INTERWIKI DITARUH DI SINI -->\n[[Kategori:Templat rintisan| ]]\n[[Kategori:Templat info bagian artikel]]\n</includeonly>","hash":"16257a466b5bfaaaf8a1b4b4c77188843a17a8a0936c89f369f6cab7cd8e6b9f","last_revision":"2020-10-16T13:00:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T04:06:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.696254","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"__NOTOC__\n\n, , atau menghasilkan\n\nmenghasilkan\n\n— untuk bagian yang masih kosong\n\nKategori:Templat rintisan Kategori:Templat info bagian artikel\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"__NOTOC__","translated_text":"What is it?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemakaian","translated_text":"Use","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":", , atau menghasilkan","translated_text":", , or produce","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Parameter","translated_text":"Parameters","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"preformatted","content":"\n{{Kembangkan bagian\n | 1           = (atau \"with=\" dan \"for=\")\n | section     = (nomor bagian)\n | small       = no (bawaan: \"yes\")\n | talksection = (tautan tanpa \"[[]]\"; hanya muncul jika \"small=no\")\n | date        = format: Bulan YYYY (cth Juni 2019)\n | period      = <!--no--> (disertakan setelah input untuk \"1 =\" dari atas secara default - gunakan ini hanya dalam kasus ketika tanda baca terminal harus ditempatkan sebelum referensi)\n}}\n"},{"type":"heading","text":"Contoh","translated_text":"Example","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"menghasilkan","translated_text":"produces","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"— untuk bagian yang masih kosong","translated_text":" ⁇  for the remaining empty part","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Templat rintisan Kategori:Templat info bagian artikel","translated_text":":Template:Category:Template info section of the article","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Tajmahal","wikicode":"#Alih [[Taj_Mahal]]","hash":"ad2daef73ff3ff0f341deb0119eece92fbf0de7ec8c1f171365da81ee9921c72","last_revision":"2010-06-14T04:10:56Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T04:10:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.757064","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Alih Taj_Mahal\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alih Taj_Mahal","translated_text":"Instead of Taj_Mahal","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Carlos Vela","wikicode":"{{Nama Spanyol|Vela|Garrido}}\n{{Infobox football biography\n| name = Carlos Vela\n| image = Mex-Kor_(21)_(cropped).jpg\n| caption = Vela bersama [[tim nasional sepak bola Meksiko|timnas Meksiko]] pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n| fullname = Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1989|3|1}}\n| birth_place = [[Cancún]], [[Meksiko]]\n| height = 178 cm<ref name=\"Stats\">{{cite web|title=Carlos Vela Player Profile|url=https://www.lafc.com/players/5/carlos-vela|publisher=Los Angeles FC|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=2020-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130134324/https://www.lafc.com/players/5/carlos-vela|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n| position = [[Penyerang]], [[Sayap (sepak bola)|sayap]], [[gelandang serang]]\n| currentclub = [[Los Angeles FC]]\n| clubnumber = 10\n| youthyears1 = 2002–2005\n| youthclubs1 = [[C.D. Guadalajara|Guadalajara]]\n| youthyears2 = 2005–2006\n| youthclubs2 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]\n| years1 = 2005–2012\n| clubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]\n| caps1 = 29\n| goals1 = 3\n| years2 = 2005–2006\n| clubs2 = → [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta]] (pinjaman)\n| caps2 = 0\n| goals2 = 0\n| years3 = 2006–2007\n| clubs3 = → [[UD Salamanca|Salamanca]] (pinjaman)\n| caps3 = 31\n| goals3 = 8\n| years4 = 2007–2008\n| clubs4 = → [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]] (pinjaman)\n| caps4 = 33\n| goals4 = 3\n| years5 = 2010–2011\n| clubs5 = → [[West Bromwich Albion]] (pinjaman)\n| caps5 = 8\n| goals5 = 2\n| years6 = 2011–2012\n| clubs6 = → [[Real Sociedad]] (pinjaman)\n| caps6 = 35\n| goals6 = 12\n| years7 = 2012–2018\n| clubs7 = [[Real Sociedad]]\n| caps7 = 184\n| goals7 = 54\n| years8 = 2018–\n| clubs8 = [[Los Angeles FC]]\n| caps8 = 83\n| goals8 = 57\n| pcupdate = 22 Agustus 2021\n| nationalyears1 = 2005\n| nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|17|Meksiko}}\n| nationalcaps1 = 8\n| nationalgoals1 = 5\n| nationalyears2 = 2007\n| nationalteam2 = {{timnasu|20|Meksiko}}\n| nationalcaps2 = 8\n| nationalgoals2 = 0\n| nationalyears3 = 2007–2018\n| nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Meksiko}}\n| nationalcaps3 = 72\n| nationalgoals3 = 19\n| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country|{{fb|MEX}}}}\n{{medal|W|[[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA]]|[[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005|2005]]}}\n{{medal|W|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF]]|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2009|2009]]}}\n{{medal|W|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF]]|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2015|2015]]}}\n}}\n'''Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido''' ({{lahirmati||1|3|1989}}) adalah seorang pemain [[sepak bola]] profesional asal Meksiko yang bermain serta menjadi [[kapten (sepak bola)|kapten]] untuk klub [[Major League Soccer]], [[Los Angeles FC]]. Digambarkan sebagai pemain serba bisa yang dapat bermain sebagai [[penyerang]], [[sayap (sepak bola)|pemain sayap]], dan [[gelandang serang]], Vela dikenal sebagai pemain kreatif dan seorang pencetak gol yang produktif.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carlos Vela is leaving Europe for the U.S.: what does that mean for Mexico?|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/club/mexico/203/blog/post/3261397/carlos-vela-is-leaving-europe-for-the-us-what-does-that-mean-for-mexico|work=ESPN|first=Tom|last=Marshall|date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LAFC with and without Carlos Vela|url=https://ussoccerplayers.com/2019/09/lafc-with-and-without-carlos-vela.html|work=USSoccerPlayers.com|date=4 September 2019|first=Jason|last=Davis}}</ref>\n\nVela memulai kariernya di klub Meksiko, [[C.D. Guadalajara|Guadalajara]], di mana ia menarik perhatian berbagai klub Eropa setelah menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak pada [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005]], ia akhirnya bergabung dengan klub [[Liga Utama Inggris]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] pasca piala dunia tersebut. Setelah bergabung dengan Arsenal, ia menjalani masa pinjaman di klub Spanyol [[UD Salamanca|Salamanca]] dan [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]], serta ke sesama klub Inggris [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]], menetap dengan [[Real Sociedad]] pada 2011, awalnya dengan status pinjaman dan kemudian bermain secara permanen pada musim berikutnya. Selama enam tahun bersama ''La Real'', Vela bermain dalam 250 pertandingan dan mencetak 73 gol. Pada Januari 2018, ia bergabung dengan [[Los Angeles FC]], memenangkan [[Supporters' Shield]] dan [[Sepatu Emas MLS]] pada tahun keduanya, dan mencetak rekor baru di liga sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak dalam satu musim, dengan 34 gol. Ia juga terpilih sebagai [[Penghargaan Pemain Paling Berharga Landon Donovan|Pemain Paling Berharga]].\n\nVela melakukan debutnya dengan tim nasional senior Meksiko pada tahun 2007 dalam [[pertandingan persahabatan]] melawan [[tim nasional sepak bola Brasil|Brasil]], dan mencetak gol pertamanya untuk negaranya dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan [[tim nasional sepak bola Guatemala|Guatemala]]. Ia berpartisipasi dalam kemenangan Meksiko pada [[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2009]], dan berpartisipasi dalam [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]] di Afrika Selatan. Vela menolak semua panggilan timnas berikutnya selama lebih dari tiga tahun, termasuk pertandingan persahabatan, kualifikasi Piala Dunia, dan berbagai turnamen besar termasuk [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]], dengan berbagai alasan penolakannya. Pada November 2014, Vela kembali ke tim nasional dan berpartisipasi dalam [[Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2017]] dan [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]].\n\n== Prestasi ==\n'''Los Angeles FC'''\n* [[Supporters' Shield]]: [[Major League Soccer 2019|2019]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lafc.com/supporters-shield|title=2019 SUPPORTERS' SHIELD WINNERS|publisher=LAFC|date=25 September 2019|access-date=13 Oktober 2019|archive-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926053712/https://www.lafc.com/supporters-shield|url-status=dead}}</ref>\n\n'''Meksiko U-17'''\n* [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA]]: [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005|2005]]<ref name=FifaU17>{{cite news|title= Ramirez: \"I didn't expect such a resounding victory\"|url= https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=102/edition=9095/news/newsid=100721.html#ramirez+didnt+expect+such+resounding+victory|publisher= [[FIFA]]|date= 3 Oktober 2005|access-date= 3 Juli 2008|quote= I dedicate my goal tonight, and the trophy, to my father, because it's his birthday this evening.|archive-date= 2008-07-25|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080725085442/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=102/edition=9095/news/newsid=100721.html#ramirez+didnt+expect+such+resounding+victory|dead-url= yes}}</ref>\n\n'''Meksiko'''\n* [[Piala Emas CONCACAF]]: [[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2009|2009]], [[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2015|2015]]<ref name=GoldCup>{{cite news |first= Jeré|last= Longman|title= Mexico Thumps U.S. to Win Gold Cup|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/27/sports/soccer/27soccer.html|work=The New York Times|date= 26 Juli 2009|access-date=1 Agustus 2009|quote= Sunday, all of Mexico's goals came during a furiously counterattacking second half. The first four were delivered or facilitated by a pair of 20-year-old forwards, Giovani dos Santos and Carlos Vela. }}</ref>\n* [[Piala CONCACAF]]: [[Piala CONCACAF 2015|2015]]\n\n'''Individu'''\n* Sepatu Emas [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA]]: [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005|2005]]<ref name=FifaU17 />\n* Pemain Terbaik [[Real Sociedad]]: 2011–12, 2013–14\n* [[Pemain Terbaik Bulanan La Liga]]: Desember 2013,<ref name=DecAward>{{cite web|url=http://www.laliga.es/noticias/premios-bbva-a-los-mejores-de-diciembre|title=Premios BBVA a los mejores de diciembre|website=La Liga.es}}</ref> November 2014<ref name=NovAward>{{cite news|title=BBVA Awards for the best of the November|url=http://www.lfp.es/en/news/bbva-awards-for-the-best-of-the-november|access-date=10 Desember 2014|publisher=Liga de Fútbol Profesional|date=10 Desember 2014}}</ref>\n* [[Major League Soccer All-Star Game|MLS All-Star]]: [[MLS All-Star Game 2018|2018]],<ref>{{cite web|title=2018 MLS All-Star Game Roster|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/all-star/2018/rosters/mls-all-star-team|website=[[Major League Soccer]]|access-date=25 Juni 2019|date=29 Juni 2018|archive-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626044537/https://www.mlssoccer.com/all-star/2018/rosters/mls-all-star-team|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[MLS All-Star Game 2019|2019]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 MLS All-Star Game Roster|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/all-star/2019/rosters/mls-all-star-team|website=[[Major League Soccer]]|access-date=25 Juni 2019|date=19 Juni 2019|archive-date=2019-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715014938/https://www.mlssoccer.com/all-star/2019/rosters/mls-all-star-team|dead-url=yes}}</ref> \n* [[MLS Best XI]]: [[Major League Soccer 2018#MLS Best XI|2018]],<ref name=\"Best XI\">{{cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2018/11/11/2018-mls-best-xi|title=2018 MLS Best XI|publisher=MLS Soccer|date=11 November 2018}}</ref> [[Major League Soccer 2019|2019]]<ref name=\"recordbook\">{{cite web |title=MLS Fact and Record Book |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/media-resources/mls-fact-and-record-book |website=[[Major League Soccer]] |access-date=28 Oktober 2019 |page=163 |archive-date=2018-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716023458/https://www.mlssoccer.com/media-resources/mls-fact-and-record-book |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n* [[Pemain Terbaik Bulanan MLS]]: Maret 2019,<ref>{{cite web|title=LAFC's Carlos Vela named March MLS Player of the Month pres. by EA Sports|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/04/09/lafcs-carlos-vela-named-march-mls-player-month-pres-ea-sports|website=[[Major League Soccer]]|access-date=25 Juni 2019|date=9 April 2019}}</ref> April 2019,<ref>{{cite web|last=Boehm|first=Charles|title=Carlos Vela wins second straight MLS Player of the Month pres. by EA Sports|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/05/07/carlos-vela-wins-second-straight-mls-player-month-pres-ea-sports|website=[[Major League Soccer]]|access-date=25 Juni 2019|date=7 Mei 2019}}</ref> September 2019<ref>{{cite web|last=Boehm|first=Charles|title=LAFC's Carlos Vela wins his third MLS Player of the Month honor of 2019|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/10/14/lafcs-carlos-vela-wins-his-third-mls-player-month-honor-2019|website=[[Major League Soccer]]|access-date=20 Oktober 2019|date=14 Oktober 2019}}</ref>\n* [[Sepatu Emas MLS]]: [[Major League Soccer 2019|2019]]<ref name=\"2019 MLS Golden Boot\">{{cite web|last=Bogert|first=Tim|title=LAFC forward Carlos Vela wins 2019 MLS Golden Boot presented by Audi|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/10/06/lafc-forward-carlos-vela-wins-2019-mls-golden-boot|website=[[Major League Soccer]]|access-date=6 Oktober 2019|date=6 Oktober 2019}}</ref>\n* [[Penghargaan Pemain Terbaik Landon Donovan|Penghargaan Pemain Terbaik MLS]]: [[Major League Soccer 2019#Penghargaan akhir musim|2019]]<ref name=\"2019 MLS MVP\">{{cite web |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Alicia |title=Carlos Vela is 2019 Landon Donovan MLS Most Valuable Player |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/11/04/carlos-vela-2019-landon-donovan-mls-most-valuable-player |website=[[Major League Soccer]] |access-date=4 November 2019 |date=4 November 2019}}</ref>\n* Tim Terbaik [[Liga Champions CONCACAF]]: [[Liga Champions CONCACAF 2020#Penghargaan|2020]]<ref name=\"Concacaf\">{{cite tweet |author=Scotiabank Concacaf Champions League|user=TheChampions|number=1341866321320038401|title=¡Qué lujo de equipo! Aquí están los mejores jugadores de #SCCL2020|language=es|date=23 Desember 2020|access-date=2 Januari 2021}}</ref>\n\n==Referensi==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n==Pranala luar==\n{{Commons category|Carlos Vela}}\n*[https://www.realsociedad.eus/en/team/player/real-sociedad/carlos-vela-garrido Real Sociedad official profile] {{in lang|es}}\n*{{BDFutbol|4085}}\n*{{NFT player|id=25002}}\n*{{Soccerbase}}\n*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110908071215/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player%3D234552/index.html 2010 FIFA World Cup profile]\n*{{FIFA player|234552}}\n*{{MLS|carlos-vela}}\n\n{{Skuad timnas|Meksiko\n|list1=\n{{Skuad PD2010 Meksiko}}\n{{Skuad Piala Emas CONCACAF 2015 Meksiko}}\n{{Skuad Piala Konfederasi 2017 Meksiko}}\n{{Skuad PD2018 Meksiko}}\n}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Vela, Carlos}}\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Meksiko]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Arsenal F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain CA Osasuna]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain West Bromwich Albion F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Real Sociedad]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]","hash":"2b5d11b06aeaab7da0accc1dd3e865889188302de64d51212b35784c50983764","last_revision":"2023-12-16T09:11:02Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T04:13:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.814419","cross_lingual_links":{"am":"ካርሎስ ቬላ","ar":"كارلوس فيلا","arz":"كارلوس فيلا","ast":"Carlos Vela","azb":"کارلوس ولا","be-x-old":"Карляс Вэля","bg":"Карлос Вела","bn":"কার্লোস ভেলা","ca":"Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido","ckb":"کارلۆس ڤێلا","cs":"Carlos Vela","da":"Carlos Vela","de":"Carlos Vela","en":"Carlos Vela","es":"Carlos Vela","et":"Carlos Vela","eu":"Carlos Vela","fa":"کارلوس ولا","fi":"Carlos Vela","fr":"Carlos Vela","gl":"Carlos Vela","he":"קרלוס ולה","hr":"Carlos Vela","hu":"Carlos Vela","hy":"Կառլոս Վելա","io":"Carlos Vela","it":"Carlos Vela","ja":"カルロス・ベラ","jv":"Carlos Vela","kk":"Карлос Вела","ko":"카를로스 벨라","la":"Carolus Vela","lv":"Karloss Vela","mg":"Carlos Vela","mk":"Карлос Вела","mn":"Карлос Вела","mr":"कार्लोस वेला","ms":"Carlos Vela","nl":"Carlos Vela","nn":"Carlos Vela","nb":"Carlos Vela","pl":"Carlos Vela","pt":"Carlos Vela","ro":"Carlos Vela","ru":"Вела, Карлос","sh":"Carlos Vela","simple":"Carlos Vela","sl":"Carlos Vela","sr":"Карлос Вела","sv":"Carlos Vela","sw":"Carlos Vela","th":"การ์โลส เบลา","tr":"Carlos Vela","uk":"Карлос Вела","vi":"Carlos Vela","wuu":"卡洛斯·贝拉","zh":"卡洛斯·維拉"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola profesional asal Meksiko yang bermain serta menjadi kapten untuk klub Major League Soccer, Los Angeles FC. Digambarkan sebagai pemain serba bisa yang dapat bermain sebagai penyerang, pemain sayap, dan gelandang serang, Vela dikenal sebagai pemain kreatif dan seorang pencetak gol yang produktif.\n\nVela memulai kariernya di klub Meksiko, Guadalajara, di mana ia menarik perhatian berbagai klub Eropa setelah menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak pada Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005, ia akhirnya bergabung dengan klub Liga Utama Inggris, Arsenal pasca piala dunia tersebut. Setelah bergabung dengan Arsenal, ia menjalani masa pinjaman di klub Spanyol Salamanca dan Osasuna, serta ke sesama klub Inggris West Bromwich Albion, menetap dengan Real Sociedad pada 2011, awalnya dengan status pinjaman dan kemudian bermain secara permanen pada musim berikutnya. Selama enam tahun bersama La Real, Vela bermain dalam 250 pertandingan dan mencetak 73 gol. Pada Januari 2018, ia bergabung dengan Los Angeles FC, memenangkan Supporters' Shield dan Sepatu Emas MLS pada tahun keduanya, dan mencetak rekor baru di liga sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak dalam satu musim, dengan 34 gol. Ia juga terpilih sebagai Pemain Paling Berharga.\n\nVela melakukan debutnya dengan tim nasional senior Meksiko pada tahun 2007 dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan Brasil, dan mencetak gol pertamanya untuk negaranya dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan Guatemala. Ia berpartisipasi dalam kemenangan Meksiko pada Piala Emas CONCACAF 2009, dan berpartisipasi dalam Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 di Afrika Selatan. Vela menolak semua panggilan timnas berikutnya selama lebih dari tiga tahun, termasuk pertandingan persahabatan, kualifikasi Piala Dunia, dan berbagai turnamen besar termasuk Piala Dunia FIFA 2014, dengan berbagai alasan penolakannya. Pada November 2014, Vela kembali ke tim nasional dan berpartisipasi dalam Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2017 dan Piala Dunia FIFA 2018.\n\nLos Angeles FC Supporters' Shield: 2019\n\nMeksiko U-17 Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA: 2005\n\nMeksiko Piala Emas CONCACAF: 2009, 2015 Piala CONCACAF: 2015\n\nIndividu Sepatu Emas Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA: 2005 Pemain Terbaik Real Sociedad: 2011–12, 2013–14 Pemain Terbaik Bulanan La Liga: Desember 2013, November 2014 MLS All-Star: 2018, 2019 MLS Best XI: 2018, 2019 Pemain Terbaik Bulanan MLS: Maret 2019, April 2019, September 2019 Sepatu Emas MLS: 2019 Penghargaan Pemain Terbaik MLS: 2019 Tim Terbaik Liga Champions CONCACAF: 2020\n\nReal Sociedad official profile\n\n2010 FIFA World Cup profile\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Meksiko Kategori:Pemain Arsenal F.C. Kategori:Pemain CA Osasuna Kategori:Pemain West Bromwich Albion F.C. Kategori:Pemain Real Sociedad Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n| name = Carlos Vela\n| image = Mex-Kor_(21)_(cropped).jpg\n| caption = Vela bersama [[tim nasional sepak bola Meksiko|timnas Meksiko]] pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n| fullname = Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1989|3|1}}\n| birth_place = [[Cancún]], [[Meksiko]]\n| height = 178 cm<ref name=\"Stats\">{{cite web|title=Carlos Vela Player Profile|url=https://www.lafc.com/players/5/carlos-vela|publisher=Los Angeles FC|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=2020-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130134324/https://www.lafc.com/players/5/carlos-vela|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n| position = [[Penyerang]], [[Sayap (sepak bola)|sayap]], [[gelandang serang]]\n| currentclub = [[Los Angeles FC]]\n| clubnumber = 10\n| youthyears1 = 2002–2005\n| youthclubs1 = [[C.D. Guadalajara|Guadalajara]]\n| youthyears2 = 2005–2006\n| youthclubs2 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]\n| years1 = 2005–2012\n| clubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]\n| caps1 = 29\n| goals1 = 3\n| years2 = 2005–2006\n| clubs2 = → [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta]] (pinjaman)\n| caps2 = 0\n| goals2 = 0\n| years3 = 2006–2007\n| clubs3 = → [[UD Salamanca|Salamanca]] (pinjaman)\n| caps3 = 31\n| goals3 = 8\n| years4 = 2007–2008\n| clubs4 = → [[CA Osasuna|Osasuna]] (pinjaman)\n| caps4 = 33\n| goals4 = 3\n| years5 = 2010–2011\n| clubs5 = → [[West Bromwich Albion]] (pinjaman)\n| caps5 = 8\n| goals5 = 2\n| years6 = 2011–2012\n| clubs6 = → [[Real Sociedad]] (pinjaman)\n| caps6 = 35\n| goals6 = 12\n| years7 = 2012–2018\n| clubs7 = [[Real Sociedad]]\n| caps7 = 184\n| goals7 = 54\n| years8 = 2018–\n| clubs8 = [[Los Angeles FC]]\n| caps8 = 83\n| goals8 = 57\n| pcupdate = 22 Agustus 2021\n| nationalyears1 = 2005\n| nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|17|Meksiko}}\n| nationalcaps1 = 8\n| nationalgoals1 = 5\n| nationalyears2 = 2007\n| nationalteam2 = {{timnasu|20|Meksiko}}\n| nationalcaps2 = 8\n| nationalgoals2 = 0\n| nationalyears3 = 2007–2018\n| nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Meksiko}}\n| nationalcaps3 = 72\n| nationalgoals3 = 19\n| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Country|{{fb|MEX}}}}\n{{medal|W|[[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA]]|[[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005|2005]]}}\n{{medal|W|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF]]|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2009|2009]]}}\n{{medal|W|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF]]|[[Piala Emas CONCACAF 2015|2015]]}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola profesional asal Meksiko yang bermain serta menjadi kapten untuk klub Major League Soccer, Los Angeles FC.","translated_text":"Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido () is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a forward for and captains Major League Soccer club Los Angeles FC.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Digambarkan sebagai pemain serba bisa yang dapat bermain sebagai penyerang, pemain sayap, dan gelandang serang, Vela dikenal sebagai pemain kreatif dan seorang pencetak gol yang produktif.","translated_text":"Described as a versatile player who could play as a striker, winger, and attacking midfielder, Vela was known as a creative player and a prolific goalscorer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=Carlos Vela is leaving Europe for the U.S.: what does that mean for Mexico?|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/club/mexico/203/blog/post/3261397/carlos-vela-is-leaving-europe-for-the-us-what-does-that-mean-for-mexico|work=ESPN|first=Tom|last=Marshall|date=6 November 2017}}</ref>","char_index":188,"name":null,"url":"https://www.espn.com/soccer/club/mexico/203/blog/post/3261397/carlos-vela-is-leaving-europe-for-the-us-what-does-that-mean-for-mexico","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:45.725235-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=LAFC with and without Carlos Vela|url=https://ussoccerplayers.com/2019/09/lafc-with-and-without-carlos-vela.html|work=USSoccerPlayers.com|date=4 September 2019|first=Jason|last=Davis}}</ref>","char_index":188,"name":null,"url":"https://ussoccerplayers.com/2019/09/lafc-with-and-without-carlos-vela.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":57554,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:45.829255-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10089111328125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Vela memulai kariernya di klub Meksiko, Guadalajara, di mana ia menarik perhatian berbagai klub Eropa setelah menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak pada Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2005, ia akhirnya bergabung dengan klub Liga Utama Inggris, Arsenal pasca piala dunia tersebut.","translated_text":"Vela began his career at the Mexican club, Guadalajara, where he attracted the attention of various European clubs after becoming the top scorer at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup, he eventually joined English Premier League club Arsenal after the world cup.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah bergabung dengan Arsenal, ia menjalani masa pinjaman di klub Spanyol Salamanca dan Osasuna, serta ke sesama klub Inggris West Bromwich Albion, menetap dengan Real Sociedad pada 2011, awalnya dengan status pinjaman dan kemudian bermain secara permanen pada musim berikutnya.","translated_text":"After joining Arsenal, he spent loan spells with Spanish clubs Salamanca and Osasuna, as well as with fellow English club West Bromwich Albion, settling with Real Sociedad in 2011, initially on loan and then playing permanently the following season.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama enam tahun bersama La Real, Vela bermain dalam 250 pertandingan dan mencetak 73 gol.","translated_text":"During his six years with La Real, Vela played in 250 games and scored 73 goals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada Januari 2018, ia bergabung dengan Los Angeles FC, memenangkan Supporters' Shield dan Sepatu Emas MLS pada tahun keduanya, dan mencetak rekor baru di liga sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak dalam satu musim, dengan 34 gol.","translated_text":"In January 2018, he joined Los Angeles FC, winning the Supporters' Shield and the MLS Golden Shoe in his second year, and setting a new league record for most goals scored in a season, with 34.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga terpilih sebagai Pemain Paling Berharga.","translated_text":"He was also named Most Valuable Player.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Vela melakukan debutnya dengan tim nasional senior Meksiko pada tahun 2007 dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan Brasil, dan mencetak gol pertamanya untuk negaranya dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan Guatemala.","translated_text":"Vela made his debut for Mexico's senior national team in 2007 in a friendly against Brazil, and scored his first goal for his country in a friendly against Guatemala.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia berpartisipasi dalam kemenangan Meksiko pada Piala Emas CONCACAF 2009, dan berpartisipasi dalam Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 di Afrika Selatan.","translated_text":"He participated in Mexico's victory at the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and participated in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vela menolak semua panggilan timnas berikutnya selama lebih dari tiga tahun, termasuk pertandingan persahabatan, kualifikasi Piala Dunia, dan berbagai turnamen besar termasuk Piala Dunia FIFA 2014, dengan berbagai alasan penolakannya.","translated_text":"Vela declined all subsequent national team calls for more than three years, including friendly matches, World Cup qualifiers, and various major tournaments including the 2014 FIFA World Cup, with various reasons for his refusal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada November 2014, Vela kembali ke tim nasional dan berpartisipasi dalam Piala Konfederasi FIFA 2017 dan Piala Dunia FIFA 2018.","translated_text":"In November 2014, Vela returned to the national team and participated in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prestasi","translated_text":"Achievements","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Los Angeles FC Supporters' Shield: 2019","translated_text":"The Los Angeles FC Supporters' Shield: 2019","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lafc.com/supporters-shield|title=2019 SUPPORTERS' SHIELD WINNERS|publisher=LAFC|date=25 September 2019|access-date=13 Oktober 2019|archive-date=26 September 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Kategori:Pemain CA Osasuna Kategori:Pemain West Bromwich Albion F.C. Kategori:Pemain Real Sociedad Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010","translated_text":":Footballers of Mexico Category:Footballers of Arsenal F.C. Category:Footballers of CA Osasuna Category:Footballers of West Bromwich Albion F.C. Category:Footballers of Real Sociedad Category:Footballers of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Category:Footballers of the 2010 FIFA World Cup","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido () adalah seorang pemain sepak bola profesional asal Meksiko yang bermain serta menjadi kapten untuk klub Major League Soccer, Los Angeles FC. 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+{"title":"Shunsuke Ikeda","wikicode":"{{Infobox actor\n|name            = Shunsuke Ikeda (池田 駿介)\n|image           = \n|imagesize       = \n|alt             = \n|caption         = \n|birthname       = Norio Ikeda\n|birthdate       = {{birth date|1941|11|11}} \n|birthplace      = {{negara|Jepang}} [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]], [[Prefektur Kanagawa]], [[Jepang]]\n|deathdate       = {{Death date and age|2010|06|11|1941|11|11}}\n|deathplace      = \n|othername       = \n|occupation      = Aktor/Model\n|yearsactive     = 1962–2010\n|spouse          = \n|domesticpartner = \n|website         = \n}}\n{{nihongo|'''Shunsuke Ikeda'''|池田 駿介|Ikeda Shunsuke}}, terlahir sebagai {{nihongo|'''Norio Ikeda'''|池田 紀生|Ikeda Norio}} ({{lahirmati|[[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]], [[Prefektur Kanagawa]]|11|11|1941||11|6|2010}}) adalah seorang [[pemeran]] dan [[model (orang)|model]] asal [[Jepang]]. Dia lulus dari [[Universitas Hosei]]. Dia dikenal karena perannya sebagai \"Ichiro / Kikaider 01\" dalam serial televisi ''[[Kikaider 01]]''.\n\nIkeda meninggal pada tanggal [[11 Juni]] [[2010]] dari komplikasi [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]].<ref name=\"augustragone\">{{cite web |title=The Good, The Bad, and Godzilla: Rest In Peace Shunsuke Ikeda |url=http://augustragone.blogspot.com/2010/06/rest-in-peace-actor-shunsuke-ikeda.html |accessdate=13 Juni 2010}}</ref><ref name=\"japanmania\">{{cite web |title=Dedication to a dear friend, wonderful man and true 'Hero' |url=http://japanmania.honadvblogs.com/2010/06/10/dedication-to-a-dear-friend-wonderful-man-and-true-hero/ |accessdate=13 Juni 2010 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615000211/http://japanmania.honadvblogs.com/2010/06/10/dedication-to-a-dear-friend-wonderful-man-and-true-hero/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=池田駿介氏死去　俳優|url=http://www.kahoku.co.jp/news/2010/06/2010061301000554.htm|publisher=Kahoku Shinpo|accessdate=13 Juni 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=池田駿介さん死去…特撮テレビなどで活躍|url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm|publisher=Sankei Sports|accessdate=13 Juni 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075952/http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm|archivedate=2010-06-16|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{ja}} [http://www.sos-model.com/ SOS Model Agency]\n* {{ja}} [http://www14.big.or.jp/~hosoya/who/i/ikeda-shunsuke.htm Profil Shunsuke Ikeda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123145618/http://www14.big.or.jp/~hosoya/who/i/ikeda-shunsuke.htm |date=2010-01-23 }} di Serial Ultra\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Ikeda, Shunsuke}}\n[[Kategori:Pemeran Jepang]]\n[[Kategori:Meninggal usia 68]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Prefektur Kanagawa]]\n\n\n{{pemeran-stub}}","hash":"af645eb54619f0557f78258c52ef11a5cca37782606f136a4128342d004f4c21","last_revision":"2023-01-01T00:50:00Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T05:28:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.878320","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"شونسوك ايكيدا","en":"Shunsuke Ikeda","fa":"شونسوکه ایکدا","ja":"池田駿介"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":", terlahir sebagai () adalah seorang pemeran dan model asal Jepang. Dia lulus dari Universitas Hosei. Dia dikenal karena perannya sebagai \"Ichiro / Kikaider 01\" dalam serial televisi Kikaider 01.\n\nIkeda meninggal pada tanggal 11 Juni 2010 dari komplikasi diabetes.\n\nSOS Model Agency Profil Shunsuke Ikeda di Serial Ultra\n\nKategori:Pemeran Jepang Kategori:Meninggal usia 68 Kategori:Tokoh dari Prefektur Kanagawa\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox actor\n|name            = Shunsuke Ikeda (池田 駿介)\n|image           = \n|imagesize       = \n|alt             = \n|caption         = \n|birthname       = Norio Ikeda\n|birthdate       = {{birth date|1941|11|11}} \n|birthplace      = {{negara|Jepang}} [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]], [[Prefektur Kanagawa]], [[Jepang]]\n|deathdate       = {{Death date and age|2010|06|11|1941|11|11}}\n|deathplace      = \n|othername       = \n|occupation      = Aktor/Model\n|yearsactive     = 1962–2010\n|spouse          = \n|domesticpartner = \n|website         = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":", terlahir sebagai () adalah seorang pemeran dan model asal Jepang.","translated_text":", born () is a Japanese actress and model.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia lulus dari Universitas Hosei.","translated_text":"He graduated from Hosei University.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia dikenal karena perannya sebagai \"Ichiro / Kikaider 01\" dalam serial televisi Kikaider 01.","translated_text":"He is known for his role as \"Ichiro / Kikaider 01\" in the television series Kikaider 01.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ikeda meninggal pada tanggal 11 Juni 2010 dari komplikasi diabetes.","translated_text":"Ikeda died on June 11, 2010 from complications of diabetes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"augustragone\">{{cite web |title=The Good, The Bad, and Godzilla: Rest In Peace Shunsuke Ikeda |url=http://augustragone.blogspot.com/2010/06/rest-in-peace-actor-shunsuke-ikeda.html |accessdate=13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"augustragone","url":"http://augustragone.blogspot.com/2010/06/rest-in-peace-actor-shunsuke-ikeda.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":17675,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:52.205458-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=池田駿介さん死去…特撮テレビなどで活躍|url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm|publisher=Sankei Sports|accessdate=13 Juni 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075952/http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm|archivedate=2010-06-16|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":182504,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:52.680600-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=池田駿介さん死去…特撮テレビなどで活躍|url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm|publisher=Sankei Sports|accessdate=13 Juni 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075952/http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm|archivedate=2010-06-16|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075952/http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/100613/gnj1006131939015-n1.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.015618-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SOS Model Agency Profil Shunsuke Ikeda di Serial Ultra","translated_text":"SOS Model Agency profile of Shunsuke Ikeda in the Ultra series","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123145618/http://www14.big.or.jp/~hosoya/who/i/ikeda-shunsuke.htm |date=2010-01-23 }}","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100123145618/http://www14.big.or.jp/~hosoya/who/i/ikeda-shunsuke.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.089390-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pemeran Jepang Kategori:Meninggal usia 68 Kategori:Tokoh dari Prefektur Kanagawa","translated_text":"Category:Japanese actors Category:Moving from the age of 68 Category:People from Kanagawa Prefecture","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Ikeda meninggal pada tanggal 11 Juni 2010 dari komplikasi diabetes.","translated_text":"Ikeda died on June 11, 2010 from complications of diabetes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"augustragone\">{{cite web |title=The Good, The Bad, and Godzilla: Rest In Peace Shunsuke Ikeda |url=http://augustragone.blogspot.com/2010/06/rest-in-peace-actor-shunsuke-ikeda.html |accessdate=13 Juni 2010}}</ref>","char_index":67,"name":"augustragone","url":"http://augustragone.blogspot.com/2010/06/rest-in-peace-actor-shunsuke-ikeda.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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+{"title":"Chaumont-Gistoux","wikicode":"{{Infobox Belgium Municipality\n|name=Chaumont-Gistoux\n|picture=\n|picture-legend= \n|map=Chaumont-Gistoux Brabant-Wallon Belgium Map.png\n|map-legend=Chaumont-Gistoux di Brabant Walonia\n|arms=Armoiries_Chaumont_Gistoux.png\n|region={{BE-REG-WAL}}\n|community={{BE-FR}}\n|province={{BE-PROV-BW}}\n|arrondissement=[[Arondissemen Nivelles|Nivelles]]\n|nis=25018\n|pyramid-date=\n|0-19=\n|20-64=\n|65=\n|foreigners=\n|foreigners-date=\n|mayor=Luc Decorte (ARC)\n|majority=ARC, [[Ecolo]] \n|postal-codes=1325\n|telephone-area=010\n|web=[http://www.chaumont-gistoux.be/ www.chaumont-gistoux.be]\n|lat_deg=50\n|lat_min=41\n|lon_deg=04\n|lon_min=44\n}}\n'''Chaumont-Gistoux''' adalah sebuah [[kotamadya]] dari daerah [[Walloon]] yang terletak di [[Belgia]], tepatnya di Provinsi [[Walloon Brabant]]. Pada tanggal [[1 Januari]], [[2006]], [[kotamadya]] ini memiliki populasi sebanyak 10.926. [[Kotamadya]] ini memiliki area seluas 48,09&nbsp;km², sehingga kepadatan penduduknya adalah 227 penduduk per km².\n\nKotamadya ini terbentuk dari penyatuan daerah-daerah Dion Valmont (daerah ini sendiri merupakan penyatuan dari Dion-Le-Val dan Dion-Le-Mont), Bonlez, Corroy-le-Grand, Longueville, Vieusart, Chaumont, dan Gistoux pada tahun [[1975]]. Kantor administrasinya saat ini ada di Kota Gistoux dengan [[kode pos]] nomor 1325.\n\nDaerah ini merupakan daerah semi-pedesaan dengan beberapa daerah pertanian, yang sebagian besarnya untuk persawahan dan hutan. Walaupun begitu, di sana juga terdapat industri pengolahan pasir, tetapi sayangnya saat ini sudah sangat berkurang aktivitasnya. Karena kegiatan ini saat ini ada beberapa perusahaan pengangkutan dan konstruksi yang dimiliki oleh komunitas.\n\nDaerah ini juga termasuk daerah pertahanan [[Belgia]] terhadap serbuan bala tentara [[Jerman]] pada [[Perang Dunia II]] atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai [[Garis KW]]. Dan oleh karenanya di sana terdapat sebuah museum yang menerangkan hal tersebut dan banyak memamerkan barang-barang peninggalan [[Perang Dunia II]].\n\nSelain itu daerah ini juga terkenal sebagai daerah penghasil kue pai gula.\n\n== Desa-desa di wilayah kotamadya ini ==\n\n[[Bonlez]], Chaumont, [[Corroy-le-Grand]], [[Dion-le-Mont]], [[Dion-le-Val]], Gistoux, [[Longueville (Belgique)|Longueville]], dan Vieusart.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.chaumont-gistoux.be/ Situs resminya]\n\n{{MunisipalitasBrabantWalonia}}\n{{negara-geo-stub|Belgia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Belgia]]","hash":"9645a859b65655ed3c789b274ab9094b5723c31eaa6927204ab20f9355cfd39f","last_revision":"2021-07-21T07:47:30Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T05:42:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.939607","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Шомон-Жисту","br":"Chaumont-Gistoux","ca":"Chaumont-Gistoux","ceb":"Chaumont-Gistoux (parokya)","de":"Chaumont-Gistoux","en":"Chaumont-Gistoux","eo":"Chaumont-Gistoux","es":"Chaumont-Gistoux","eu":"Chaumont-Gistoux","fa":"شومون-ژیستو","fr":"Chaumont-Gistoux","it":"Chaumont-Gistoux","nl":"Chaumont-Gistoux","nb":"Chaumont-Gistoux","oc":"Chaumont-Gistoux","pl":"Chaumont-Gistoux","pt":"Chaumont-Gistoux","ro":"Chaumont-Gistoux","ru":"Шомон-Жисту","simple":"Chaumont-Gistoux","sk":"Chaumont-Gistoux","sv":"Chaumont-Gistoux","uk":"Шомон-Жисту","vi":"Chaumont-Gistoux","vo":"Chaumont-Gistoux","wa":"Tchåmont-Djistou (rebanêye comene)","war":"Chaumont-Gistoux","zea":"Chaumont-Gistoux","zh":"肖蒙-日斯图"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Chaumont-Gistoux adalah sebuah kotamadya dari daerah Walloon yang terletak di Belgia, tepatnya di Provinsi Walloon Brabant. Pada tanggal 1 Januari, 2006, kotamadya ini memiliki populasi sebanyak 10.926. Kotamadya ini memiliki area seluas 48,09 km², sehingga kepadatan penduduknya adalah 227 penduduk per km².\n\nKotamadya ini terbentuk dari penyatuan daerah-daerah Dion Valmont (daerah ini sendiri merupakan penyatuan dari Dion-Le-Val dan Dion-Le-Mont), Bonlez, Corroy-le-Grand, Longueville, Vieusart, Chaumont, dan Gistoux pada tahun 1975. Kantor administrasinya saat ini ada di Kota Gistoux dengan kode pos nomor 1325.\n\nDaerah ini merupakan daerah semi-pedesaan dengan beberapa daerah pertanian, yang sebagian besarnya untuk persawahan dan hutan. Walaupun begitu, di sana juga terdapat industri pengolahan pasir, tetapi sayangnya saat ini sudah sangat berkurang aktivitasnya. Karena kegiatan ini saat ini ada beberapa perusahaan pengangkutan dan konstruksi yang dimiliki oleh komunitas.\n\nDaerah ini juga termasuk daerah pertahanan Belgia terhadap serbuan bala tentara Jerman pada Perang Dunia II atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai Garis KW. Dan oleh karenanya di sana terdapat sebuah museum yang menerangkan hal tersebut dan banyak memamerkan barang-barang peninggalan Perang Dunia II.\n\nSelain itu daerah ini juga terkenal sebagai daerah penghasil kue pai gula.\n\nBonlez, Chaumont, Corroy-le-Grand, Dion-le-Mont, Dion-le-Val, Gistoux, Longueville, dan Vieusart.\n\nSitus resminya\n\nKategori:Kota di Belgia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Belgium Municipality\n|name=Chaumont-Gistoux\n|picture=\n|picture-legend= \n|map=Chaumont-Gistoux Brabant-Wallon Belgium Map.png\n|map-legend=Chaumont-Gistoux di Brabant Walonia\n|arms=Armoiries_Chaumont_Gistoux.png\n|region={{BE-REG-WAL}}\n|community={{BE-FR}}\n|province={{BE-PROV-BW}}\n|arrondissement=[[Arondissemen Nivelles|Nivelles]]\n|nis=25018\n|pyramid-date=\n|0-19=\n|20-64=\n|65=\n|foreigners=\n|foreigners-date=\n|mayor=Luc Decorte (ARC)\n|majority=ARC, [[Ecolo]] \n|postal-codes=1325\n|telephone-area=010\n|web=[http://www.chaumont-gistoux.be/ www.chaumont-gistoux.be]\n|lat_deg=50\n|lat_min=41\n|lon_deg=04\n|lon_min=44\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Chaumont","translated_text":"The Chaumont","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Gistoux adalah sebuah kotamadya dari daerah Walloon yang terletak di Belgia, tepatnya di Provinsi Walloon Brabant.","translated_text":"- Gistoux is a municipality of the Walloon region of Belgium, in the Walloon province of Brabant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 1 Januari, 2006, kotamadya ini memiliki populasi sebanyak 10.926.","translated_text":"As of January 1, 2006, the municipality had a population of 10,926.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kotamadya ini memiliki area seluas 48,09 km², sehingga kepadatan penduduknya adalah 227 penduduk per km².","translated_text":"The municipality covers an area of 48.09 km2, and has a population density of 227 persons per km2.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kotamadya ini terbentuk dari penyatuan daerah-daerah Dion Valmont (daerah ini sendiri merupakan penyatuan dari Dion-Le-Val dan Dion-Le-Mont), Bonlez, Corroy-le-Grand, Longueville, Vieusart, Chaumont, dan Gistoux pada tahun 1975.","translated_text":"The municipality was formed from the amalgamation of the areas of Dion Valmont (the area itself was the amalgamation of Dion-Le-Val and Dion-Le-Mont), Bonlez, Corroy-le-Grand, Longueville, Vieusart, Chaumont, and Gistoux in 1975.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kantor administrasinya saat ini ada di Kota Gistoux dengan kode pos nomor 1325.","translated_text":"Its current administrative office is in the City of Gistoux with ZIP code 1325.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daerah ini merupakan daerah semi-pedesaan dengan beberapa daerah pertanian, yang sebagian besarnya untuk persawahan dan hutan.","translated_text":"The area is semi-rural with some agricultural areas, mostly for luxury and forest.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun begitu, di sana juga terdapat industri pengolahan pasir, tetapi sayangnya saat ini sudah sangat berkurang aktivitasnya.","translated_text":"Despite this, there is also a sand processing industry, but unfortunately it is now very limited.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena kegiatan ini saat ini ada beberapa perusahaan pengangkutan dan konstruksi yang dimiliki oleh komunitas.","translated_text":"Because of this activity there are now several community-owned transportation and construction companies.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daerah ini juga termasuk daerah pertahanan Belgia terhadap serbuan bala tentara Jerman pada Perang Dunia II atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai Garis KW.","translated_text":"The area also included a Belgian defense area against German infantry raids in World War II or more commonly known as the KW Line.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan oleh karenanya di sana terdapat sebuah museum yang menerangkan hal tersebut dan banyak memamerkan barang-barang peninggalan Perang Dunia II.","translated_text":"And that's why there's a museum out there that explains it and displays a lot of World War II relics.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain itu daerah ini juga terkenal sebagai daerah penghasil kue pai gula.","translated_text":"In addition, the area is also famous for producing sugar pie cakes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Desa-desa di wilayah kotamadya ini","translated_text":"Villages in this municipality","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bonlez, Chaumont, Corroy-le-Grand, Dion-le-Mont, Dion-le-Val, Gistoux, Longueville, dan Vieusart.","translated_text":"Bonlez, the Chaumont, the Corroy-le-Grand, the Dion-le-Mont, the Dion-le-Val, the Gistoux, the Longueville, and the Vieusart.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Situs resminya","translated_text":"The official website","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Belgia","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Belgium","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Ya Magnoon","wikicode":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Ya Magnoon<br />يا مجنون\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = 1999\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = \n| This album  = ''Ya Magnoon''<br />''(1999)''\n| Next album  = ''[[Moshtaka]]''<br />''(2001)''\n}}\n'''''Ya Magnoon''''' ({{Lang-ar|يا مجنون}}) (Oh you mad) adalah [[album]] penyanyi asal [[Siria]], [[Assala Nasri]]. Album ini dirilis tahun [[1999]].\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n# Ya Ba (O Father).\n# Ya Magnoon (O Madman).\n# Ettahamtak (I Accused You).\n# Kol El Nas (Everyone).\n# Ma Oltlesh (Why Didn't You Tell Me?).\n# Dh Albi Dh (This Heart of Mine).\n# Eatzar (An Apology).\n# Hekaya (A Story).\n\n== Single ==\n* Ya Magnoon.\n* Ma Oltlesh.\n{{album-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Album tahun 1999]]\n[[Kategori:Album Assala Nasri]]","hash":"71dda92f1155ccc95b5c41b0c799570f55707e12a7afad33f32321ff2e33c1e8","last_revision":"2021-12-03T04:08:37Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T05:42:22Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:52.999225","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"يا مجنون (ألبوم)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Ya Magnoon () (Oh you mad) adalah album penyanyi asal Siria, Assala Nasri. Album ini dirilis tahun 1999.\n\nYa Ba (O Father). Ya Magnoon (O Madman). Ettahamtak (I Accused You). Kol El Nas (Everyone). Ma Oltlesh (Why Didn't You Tell Me?). Dh Albi Dh (This Heart of Mine). Eatzar (An Apology). Hekaya (A Story).\n\nYa Magnoon. Ma Oltlesh.\n\nKategori:Album tahun 1999 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->\n| Name        = Ya Magnoon<br />يا مجنون\n| Type        = studio\n| Longtype    = \n| Artist      = [[Assala Nasri]]\n| Cover       = \n| Released    = 1999\n| Recorded    = \n| Genre       = \n| Length      = \n| Label       = \n| Producer    = \n| Reviews     = \n| Last album  = \n| This album  = ''Ya Magnoon''<br />''(1999)''\n| Next album  = ''[[Moshtaka]]''<br />''(2001)''\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ya Magnoon () (Oh you mad) adalah album penyanyi asal Siria, Assala Nasri.","translated_text":"Ya Magnoon () (Oh you mad) is an album by Syrian singer Assala Nasri.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Album ini dirilis tahun 1999.","translated_text":"The album was released in 1999.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ya Ba (O Father).","translated_text":"Yes, Father.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ya Magnoon (O Madman).","translated_text":"Yes Magnoon (O Madman).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ettahamtak (I Accused You).","translated_text":"I accused you.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kol El Nas (Everyone).","translated_text":"Colonel El Nas (Everyone).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ma Oltlesh (Why Didn't You Tell Me?).","translated_text":"Ma Oltlesh (Why didn't you tell me?).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dh Albi Dh (This Heart of Mine).","translated_text":"Dh Albi Dh (This Heart of Mine).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eatzar (An Apology).","translated_text":"Eatzar is an apology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hekaya (A Story).","translated_text":"A story.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Single","translated_text":"Single","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ya Magnoon.","translated_text":"Yes, Magnoon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ma Oltlesh.","translated_text":"Ma Oltlesh.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Album tahun 1999 Kategori:Album Assala Nasri","translated_text":"Category:Album of the year 1999 Category:Album by Assala Nasri","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","wikicode":"{{Former F1 team\n| Short_name    = AFM\n| Long_name     = Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau\n| Logo          = [[Berkas:Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau logo.png]]\n| Base          = [[München]], [[Jerman]]\n| Founders      = Alexander von Falkenhausen\n| Staff         =\n| Drivers       = [[Hans Stuck]]\n| Engines       = [[BMW]], [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]], Küchen\n| Debut         = [[Grand Prix F1 Swiss 1952|Grand Prix Swiss 1952]]\n| Races         = 4\n| Cons_champ    = 0\n| Drivers_champ = 0\n| Wins          = 0\n| Poles         = 0\n| Fastest_laps  = 0\n| Last race     = [[Grand Prix F1 Italia 1953|Grand Prix Italia 1953]]\n}}\n'''Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau (AFM)''' (beberapa menyebutkan huruf '''M''' singkatan untuk [[München]]) adalah konstruktor balap mobil dari [[Jerman]]. Tim ini didirikan oleh [[Alexander von Falkenhausen]], di mana pada tahun 1930-an merupakan insinyur utama dalam pengembangan [[BMW]] tipe 328, bersama [[Alfred Boning]], [[Ernst Loof]] dan [[Fritz Fiedler]]. 328 merupakan [[mobil sport]] terbaik pada akhir 1930an di eropa dan memenangkan balapan [[Mille Miglia]] tahun 1940 di [[Brescia]], [[Itali]].\n\nSetelah [[Perang Dunia II]], von Falkenhausen membuka garasi di München di mana dia memodifikasi 328 buatan sebelum perang, mengubah beberapa dari mereka menjadi ''single-seaters'', dan pada tahun 1948 membangun mobil sendiri dengan mesin 328. Hasilnya, mobil [[Formula 2]] AFM-1 tampil pada tahun 1949, yang dikemudikan oleh [[Hans Stuck]], mendapatkan tempat ketiga di [[Grenzlandring]]. AFM memenangkan balapan di Monza dengan stuck di belakang kemudi, mengalahkan [[Ferrari]]yang dikemudikan [[Alberto Ascari]] dan [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. Mobil lain dikemudikan oleh [[Fritz Riess]], [[Karl Gommann]], [[Willi Heeks]] dan [[Manfred von Brauchitsch]]. Tahun 1951 Stuck mengemudikan mesin V8 ringan yang didesain oleh [[Richard Küchen]] dan memenangkan balap F2 di Grenzlandring. Spesifikasi kejuaraan dunia tahun 1952 dan 1953 yang sama dengan mobil F2 menyebabkan AFM bisa mengikuti beberapa seri kejuaraan dunia [[formula 1]]. Pada tahun 1953, mobil menjadi kurang kompetitif dan tim mengundurkan diri.\n\n== Hasil Lengkap Kejuaraan Dunia ==\n([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]])\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:95%\"\n! Tahun\n! Sasis\n! Mesin\n! Ban\n! Pembalap\n! 1\n! 2\n! 3\n! 4\n! 5\n! 6\n! 7\n! 8\n! 9\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\"| {{F1|1952}}\n| rowspan=\"6\"| AFM\n|| \n||\n|| \n|| [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]\n|| [[1952 Indianapolis 500|500]]\n|| [[1952 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1952 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1952 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1952 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1952 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]\n|| [[1952 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n||\n|-\n|| Küchen [[V8 engine|V8]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Hans Stuck]]\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Willi Heeks]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Helmut Niedermayr]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Ludwig Fischer (racing driver)|Ludwig Fischer]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\"| DNS\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Willi Krakau]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\"| DNS\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\"| {{F1|1953}}\n| rowspan=\"4\"| AFM\n|| \n||\n|| \n|| [[1953 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]\n|| [[1953 Indianapolis 500|500]]\n|| [[1953 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]\n|| [[1953 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1953 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1953 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1953 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1953 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]\n|| [[1953 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|-\n|| [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Hans Stuck]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 14\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Theo Fitzau]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Günther Bechem]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n|}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://8w.forix.com/afm.html Alex von Falkenhausen's brave F2 effort]\n{{Formula One constructors}}\n\n[[Kategori:Konstruktor Formula Satu]]\n[[Kategori:Tim F1 Jerman]]\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1948]]\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan yang dibubarkan tahun 1954]]","hash":"323ff5511d19988f38f1fec009865e004ebd851f95f15d1858fe154b4f0d5777","last_revision":"2023-07-12T11:52:37Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T05:49:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.066448","cross_lingual_links":{"az":"AFM (Formula-1 komandası)","ca":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","de":"AFM (Rennwagen)","en":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","es":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","fi":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","fr":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","gl":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","it":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","pl":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","pt":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","ru":"AFM (команда Формулы-1)","sl":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau","sv":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau (AFM) (beberapa menyebutkan huruf M singkatan untuk München) adalah konstruktor balap mobil dari Jerman. Tim ini didirikan oleh Alexander von Falkenhausen, di mana pada tahun 1930-an merupakan insinyur utama dalam pengembangan BMW tipe 328, bersama Alfred Boning, Ernst Loof dan Fritz Fiedler. 328 merupakan mobil sport terbaik pada akhir 1930an di eropa dan memenangkan balapan Mille Miglia tahun 1940 di Brescia, Itali.\n\nSetelah Perang Dunia II, von Falkenhausen membuka garasi di München di mana dia memodifikasi 328 buatan sebelum perang, mengubah beberapa dari mereka menjadi single-seaters, dan pada tahun 1948 membangun mobil sendiri dengan mesin 328. Hasilnya, mobil Formula 2 AFM-1 tampil pada tahun 1949, yang dikemudikan oleh Hans Stuck, mendapatkan tempat ketiga di Grenzlandring. AFM memenangkan balapan di Monza dengan stuck di belakang kemudi, mengalahkan Ferrariyang dikemudikan Alberto Ascari dan Juan Manuel Fangio. Mobil lain dikemudikan oleh Fritz Riess, Karl Gommann, Willi Heeks dan Manfred von Brauchitsch. Tahun 1951 Stuck mengemudikan mesin V8 ringan yang didesain oleh Richard Küchen dan memenangkan balap F2 di Grenzlandring. Spesifikasi kejuaraan dunia tahun 1952 dan 1953 yang sama dengan mobil F2 menyebabkan AFM bisa mengikuti beberapa seri kejuaraan dunia formula 1. Pada tahun 1953, mobil menjadi kurang kompetitif dan tim mengundurkan diri.\n\n(key)\n\nAlex von Falkenhausen's brave F2 effort\n\nKategori:Konstruktor Formula Satu Kategori:Tim F1 Jerman Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1948 Kategori:Perusahaan yang dibubarkan tahun 1954\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau (AFM) (beberapa menyebutkan huruf M singkatan untuk München) adalah konstruktor balap mobil dari Jerman.","translated_text":"Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau (AFM) (some refer to the letter M as the abbreviation for Munich) was a German automobile racing designer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tim ini didirikan oleh Alexander von Falkenhausen, di mana pada tahun 1930-an merupakan insinyur utama dalam pengembangan BMW tipe 328, bersama Alfred Boning, Ernst Loof dan Fritz Fiedler.","translated_text":"The team was founded by Alexander von Falkenhausen, who in the 1930s was the chief engineer in the development of the BMW type 328, along with Alfred Boning, Ernst Loof and Fritz Fiedler.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"328 merupakan mobil sport terbaik pada akhir 1930an di eropa dan memenangkan balapan Mille Miglia tahun 1940 di Brescia, Itali.","translated_text":"The 328 was the best sports car of the late 1930s in Europe and won the 1940 Mille Miglia race in Brescia, Italy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah Perang Dunia II, von Falkenhausen membuka garasi di München di mana dia memodifikasi 328 buatan sebelum perang, mengubah beberapa dari mereka menjadi single-seaters, dan pada tahun 1948 membangun mobil sendiri dengan mesin 328.","translated_text":"After World War II, von Falkenhausen opened a garage in Munich where he modified the pre-war 328, turning some of them into single-seaters, and in 1948 built his own car with a 328 engine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasilnya, mobil Formula 2 AFM-1 tampil pada tahun 1949, yang dikemudikan oleh Hans Stuck, mendapatkan tempat ketiga di Grenzlandring.","translated_text":"As a result, the 1949 Formula 2 AFM-1 car, driven by Hans Stuck, took third place at the Grenzlandring.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"AFM memenangkan balapan di Monza dengan stuck di belakang kemudi, mengalahkan Ferrariyang dikemudikan Alberto Ascari dan Juan Manuel Fangio.","translated_text":"AFM won the race in Monza by stuck behind the wheel, beating Ferrari driven by Alberto Ascari and Juan Manuel Fangio.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mobil lain dikemudikan oleh Fritz Riess, Karl Gommann, Willi Heeks dan Manfred von Brauchitsch.","translated_text":"Other cars were driven by Fritz Riess, Karl Gommann, Willi Heeks and Manfred von Brauchitsch.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1951 Stuck mengemudikan mesin V8 ringan yang didesain oleh Richard Küchen dan memenangkan balap F2 di Grenzlandring.","translated_text":"In 1951 Stuck drove a lightweight V8 engine designed by Richard Küchen and won the F2 race at the Grenzlandring.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesifikasi kejuaraan dunia tahun 1952 dan 1953 yang sama dengan mobil F2 menyebabkan AFM bisa mengikuti beberapa seri kejuaraan dunia formula 1. Pada tahun 1953, mobil menjadi kurang kompetitif dan tim mengundurkan diri.","translated_text":"The same world championship specifications for the 1952 and 1953 F2 cars allowed the AFM to follow several Formula One world championship series. In 1953, the car became less competitive and the team withdrew.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hasil Lengkap Kejuaraan Dunia","translated_text":"Complete Results of the World Championship","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"(key)","translated_text":"(key)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:95%\"\n! Tahun\n! Sasis\n! Mesin\n! Ban\n! Pembalap\n! 1\n! 2\n! 3\n! 4\n! 5\n! 6\n! 7\n! 8\n! 9\n|-\n| rowspan=\"6\"| {{F1|1952}}\n| rowspan=\"6\"| AFM\n|| \n||\n|| \n|| [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]\n|| [[1952 Indianapolis 500|500]]\n|| [[1952 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1952 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1952 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1952 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1952 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]\n|| [[1952 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n||\n|-\n|| Küchen [[V8 engine|V8]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Hans Stuck]]\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Willi Heeks]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Helmut Niedermayr]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Ludwig Fischer (racing driver)|Ludwig Fischer]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\"| DNS\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Willi Krakau]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\"| DNS\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\"| {{F1|1953}}\n| rowspan=\"4\"| AFM\n|| \n||\n|| \n|| [[1953 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]\n|| [[1953 Indianapolis 500|500]]\n|| [[1953 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]\n|| [[1953 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1953 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1953 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1953 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1953 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]\n|| [[1953 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|-\n|| [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Hans Stuck]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 14\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Theo Fitzau]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n|-\n|| [[BMW]] [[Straight-6|6 in-line]]\n|| ?\n|| [[Günther Bechem]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alex von Falkenhausen's brave F2 effort","translated_text":"Alex von Falkenhausen's courageous F2 effort","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Konstruktor Formula Satu Kategori:Tim F1 Jerman Kategori:Perusahaan yang didirikan tahun 1948 Kategori:Perusahaan yang dibubarkan tahun 1954","translated_text":"Formula One constructor Category:German F1 team Category:Company founded in 1948 Category:Company dissolved in 1954","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Lemak makanan","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Asado de morcillas.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|Makanan berlemak]]\n'''Lemak makanan''' adalah [[kandungan]] lemak yang terdapat dalam semua [[bahan makanan]] dan [[minuman]].<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref> Pada dasarnya, semua lemak itu baik karena lemak dibutuhkan untuk menjaga kelangsungan [[hidup]] manusia.<ref name=\"Food\"/> Peran lemak adalah menyediakan [[energi]] sebesar 9 kalori/gram, melarutkan vitamin A, D, E, K, dan menyediakan [[asam lemak esensial]] bagi tubuh manusia.<ref name=\"Food\"/><ref name=\"Zat\">[http://www.lihatkita.co.cc/2010/05/zat-makanan-dan-fungsinya.html ''Zat Makanan dan Fungsinya'']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref> Lemak mulai dianggap berbahaya bagi kesehatan setelah adanya suatu [[penelitian]] yang menunjukkan hubungan antara kematian akibat [[penyakit jantung koroner]] dengan banyaknya konsumsi lemak dan [[kadar lemak]] di dalam [[darah]].<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>\n\n== Jenis ==\n[[Berkas:Psyllic acid.svg|jmpl|kiri|150px|Contoh lemak jenuh]]\n[[Berkas:Fatty acid numbering.png|jmpl|kiri|150px|Contoh lemak tidak jenuh]]\nMakanan berlemak terdiri dari beberapa jenis.<ref name=\"Healthy\"/> Berdasarkan struktur kimianya, dikenal [[lemak jenuh]], [[tidak jenuh tunggal]], [[tidak jenuh ganda]], dan [[lemak trans]].<ref name=\"Healthy\"/> Berdasarkan fungsinya di dalam tubuh, lemak terbagi menjadi lemak struktural yang membentuk [[dinding sel]], timbunan lemak sebagai [[cadangan tenaga]], [[hormon steroid]], dan [[lemak esensial]] yang tidak dapat dibuat oleh tubuh manusia.<ref name=\"Food\"/>\n\n{{clear}}\n\nSecara garis besar, lemak terdapat dua bentuk, yaitu [[lemak padat]] yang berasal dari [[hewan]] dan lemak cair (minyak) yang berasal dari tumbuh-[[tumbuhan]].<ref name=\"Food\"/> Akan tetapi, [[minyak]] tumbuh-tumbuhan dapat diolah menjadi lemak padat melalui proses [[hidrogenasi]] dan dapat menghasilkan lemak trans yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan.<ref name=\"Food\"/>\n\nDi dalam makanan, lemak dapat tampak secara langsung (''visible'') maupun tidak langsung.<ref name=\"Food\"/> Lemak tampak secara langsung, seperti misalnya pada [[babi]], [[sapi]], [[kambing]], [[ayam]], dan [[minyak goreng]], sedangkan tidak tampak (''invisible'') biasa terdapat di dalam [[biskuit]].<ref name=\"Food\"/>\n\n== Struktur kimia ==\nStruktur kimia lemak dalam makanan pada umumnya berbentuk [[trigliserida]], yakni perpaduan antara satu [[molekul]] [[gliserol]] dengan tiga molekul [[asam lemak]].<ref name=\"Food\"/> Perbedaan asam lemak inilah yang membedakan jenis dan sifat lemak.<ref name=\"Food\"/>\n\nAsam lemak merupakan rangkaian atom karbon dengan [[ikatan rangkap]] atau tidak rangkap dengan [[gugus karbon]] pada ujungnya.<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref> Makin banyak ikatan rangkap, maka makin cair lemak tersebut di dalam suhu kamar.<ref name=\"Food\"/> Asam lemak dengan ikatan rangkap dua atau lebih tidak dapat dibuat di dalam tubuh manusia, karena itu disebut asam lemak esensial.<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref> Makin banyak ikatan rangkap pada asam lemaknya, makin tidak jenuh lemak tersebut.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/> Sebagai contohnya, asam lemak [[omega-3]] adalah asam lemak dengan 3 ikatan rangkap yang dimulai pada atom C nomor 5.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/>\n\n== Fungsi ==\n[[Berkas:Cell membrane detailed diagram id.svg|jmpl|ka|100px|Membran sel (lemak struktural)]]\n[[Berkas:Steroidogenesis.png|jmpl|ka|100px|Hormon steroid (lemak fungsional)]]\n\nDi dalam tubuh manusia, lemak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu [[lemak struktural]] dan [[lemak fungsional]].<ref name=\"Human\"/> Lemak struktural adalah bagian dari [[dinding sel]].<ref name=\"Human\"/> Sedangkan, lemak fungsional dapat berupa [[hormon steroid]], [[prostaglandin]], dan [[timbunan lemak]] yang dapat dipakai sebagai cadangan energi.<ref name=\"Human\"/> Pada dasarnya, lemak makanan (''dietary fat'') memiliki fungsi untuk menyediakan energi jangka panjang, memberikan rasa kenyang setelah [[makan]], membantu pembuatan [[hormon]], membentuk bagian [[otak]] dan [[sistem saraf]], membentuk membran sel untuk setiap [[sel]] di dalam tubuh, mengangkut vitamin A, D, E, dan K ke seluruh tubuh, membantu mengatur suhu tubuh, serta menyediakan dua asam lemak esensial (seperti [[asam linoleat]] dan [[asam linolenat]]) yang tidak bisa dibuat sendiri oleh tubuh manusia.<ref name=\"Makanan\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/cholesterol.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did ''Lemak Makanan dan Kolesterol'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>\n\n{{clear}}\n\n== Hubungan dengan penyakit jantung koroner ==\n[[Berkas:Heart coronary artery lesion.jpg|jmpl|kiri|150px|Jantung koroner]]\nBerbagai penelitian menunjukkan hubungan erat antara jumlah konsumsi lemak dan timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner.<ref name=\"Food\"/><ref name=\"Healthy\"/><ref name=\"Human\"/> Lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner, sedangkan lemak tidak jenuh akan menurunkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner.<ref name=\"Human\"/><ref name=\"Coronary\">{{en}} [http://www.emedicinehealth.com/coronary_heart_disease/page2_em.htm#Coronary%20Heart%20Disease%20Causes ''Coronary Heart Disease Causes'']. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref> Lemak tidak jenuh terbagi menjadi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (''asam oleat'') dan lemak tidak jenuh ganda.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/> Lemak tidak jenuh tunggal terdapat di dalam [[minyak zaitun]] dan [[avocado]].<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/> Lemak tidak jenuh ganda dari tumbuh-tumbuhan terdapat di dalam minyak [[bunga matahari]] dan minyak [[kedelai]], sementara yang dari hewan terdapat di dalam minyak [[ikan]].<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/>\n\n{{clear}}\n\nKonsumsi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal akan menurunkan gejala penyakit jantung koroner seperti pada penduduk di daerah [[Mediterania]], sedangkan konsumsi lemak tidak jenuh ganda, khususnya minyak ikan akan menurunkan gejala penyakit jantung koroner seperti pada orang [[Eskimo]].<ref name=\"Healthy\"/>\n\n== Proses penyerapan ==\n[[Berkas:Micelle fat absorption.png|jmpl|ka|100px|Ilustrasi penyerapan lemak]]\nSebelum dapat diserap oleh tubuh, lemak harus dicerna dulu menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak.<ref name=\"Human\"/> Asam lemak rantai pendek (atom C 4-8) dapat langsung diserap masuk ke dalam [[peredaran darah]], sementara asam lemak rantai panjang harus diangkut oleh [[protein pembawa]] di dalam [[sel usus]] menjadi molekul kilomikron ke dalam [[saluran limfa]], sebelum akhirnya masuk ke dalam peredaran darah.<ref name=\"Human\"/> Proses penyerapan lemak terjadi di [[usus halus]] (''jejunum'') dengan bantuan [[empedu]].<ref name=\"Human\"/>\n\n== Sumber lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh ==\n\nPada umumnya, lemak jenuh terdapat dalam makanan seperti daging, susu, keju, krim, minyak kelapa, [[kelapa sawit]], [[minyak sayur]], dan [[cokelat]].<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/><ref name=\"Makanan\"/> Konsumsi lemak jenuh terbukti meningkatkan kadar [[kolesterol]] dalam darah.<ref name=\"Food\"/><ref name=\"Omega-3\"/>\n\n{{clear}}\n\n[[Berkas:Legumes and wheat in an Athens Market.jpg|jmpl|kiri|75px|Kacang-kacangan]]\nSementara, lemak tidak jenuh tunggal terdapat dalam [[kacang tanah]], avocado, [[bekatul]], dan [[kedelai]].<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/><ref name=\"Makanan\"/> Lemak tidak jenuh ganda terdapat dalam [[biji-bijian]], [[kacang-kacangan]], buah-buahan tertentu, dan ikan.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/><ref name=\"Makanan\"/> Sedangkan, makanan seperti [[mentega]] dan [[keju]] mengandung asam lemak trans.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/><ref name=\"Makanan\"/> Asam lemak trans juga berpengaruh buruk bagi kadar kolesterol darah, seperti halnya lemak jenuh.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/><ref name=\"Trans\"/>\n\n{{clear}}\n\n== Kelebihan dan kekurangan ==\nTerepas dari kelemahan lemak sebagai pengganggu [[kesehatan]] akibat kandungan kolesterol,<ref name=\"Trans\">[http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pustaka_pangan/pdf/Jurnal_PATPI/vol_XIII_no_2_2002/Pdf_dan_doc/vol_XIII_no_2_2002_hal_184.pdf ''Asam Lemak trans dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kesehatan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524215830/http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pustaka_pangan/pdf/Jurnal_PATPI/vol_XIII_no_2_2002/Pdf_dan_doc/vol_XIII_no_2_2002_hal_184.pdf |date=2010-05-24 }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref><ref name=\"Kolesterol\">[http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php ''Kolesterol & Asam Lemak Jenuh''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724192024/http://medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php |date=2010-07-24 }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref> ternyata kolesterol juga diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk membuat [[asam empedu]] yang berguna bagi penyerapan lemak makanan, dan hormon steroid yang menentukan sifat kelamin [[laki-laki]] dan [[perempuan]].<ref name=\"Food\"/> Kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggI mengakibatkan penyakit jantung koroner.<ref name=\"Healthy\"/><ref name=\"Kolesterol\"/> Maka, pemilihan jumlah dan jenis lemak memerlukan pertimbangan yang masak.<ref name=\"Healthy\"/><ref name=\"Kolesterol\"/>\n\nDi negara maju, asupan lemak dianjurkan kurang lebih 35% dari total asupan kalori,<ref name=\"Food\"/><ref name=\"Healthy\"/><ref name=\"Lemak\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/fat/index.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDsQ7gEwBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did ''Lemak'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref> sedangkan di negara berkembang asupan lemak jauh lebih sedikit dari [[anjuran]] tersebut.<ref name=\"Healthy\"/> Lemak baik untuk dikonsumsi karena memiliki [[fungsi]] menghasilkan energi (9 Kkal/gr), memberikan rasa gurih, membantu pengangkutan [[vitamin]] A, D, E, K dan mengandung asam lemak esensial.<ref name=\"Food\"/><ref name=\"Makanan\"/> Akan tetapi, pada usia lanjut pemilihan jenis lemak harus lebih bijaksana.<ref name=\"Healthy\"/> Lemak tidak jenuh, khususnya omega-3 dan omega-9 perlu mendapat perhatian.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/>\n\n== Solusi ==\nAgar [[konsumsi]] lemak dapat bermanfaat positif bagi tubuh manusia perlu [[strategi]] yang tepat pada pemilihan jenis lemak.<ref name=\"Omega-3\"/><ref name=\"Nutrition\">{{en}} Drummond KE dan Brefere LM. 2010. ''Nutrition for Foodservice and Culinary Professional's.'' New Jersey: Wiley & Sons. Page 16.</ref> Pedoman umum agar [[makanan]] yang dikonsumsi mengandung [[zat gizi]] yang diperlukan oleh tubuh, adalah dengan mempertimbangkan kecukupan, [[keseimbangan]], dan keberagaman [[zat]] masing-masing [[individu]].<ref name=\"Nutrition\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Regional_Health_Forum_c3.pdf ''Coronary Heart Diseases in Indonesia''].\n\n[[Kategori:Makanan]]\n[[Kategori:Nutrisi]]\n[[Kategori:Lemak]]\n\n[[en:Dietary fat]]\n[[fr:Matière grasse alimentaire]]\n[[sk:Tuky]]\n[[th:ไขมัน (สารอาหาร)]]","hash":"07ab32e31cd7ad8f3ac4ac817e23230e0d7bb762e39b9570d7a2b8e9bea7d0d4","last_revision":"2022-01-11T04:51:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T06:07:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.119786","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Dietary fat","fr":"Matière grasse alimentaire","sk":"Tuky","th":"ไขมัน (สารอาหาร)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Lemak makanan adalah kandungan lemak yang terdapat dalam semua bahan makanan dan minuman. Pada dasarnya, semua lemak itu baik karena lemak dibutuhkan untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup manusia. Peran lemak adalah menyediakan energi sebesar 9 kalori/gram, melarutkan vitamin A, D, E, K, dan menyediakan asam lemak esensial bagi tubuh manusia. Lemak mulai dianggap berbahaya bagi kesehatan setelah adanya suatu penelitian yang menunjukkan hubungan antara kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dengan banyaknya konsumsi lemak dan kadar lemak di dalam darah.\n\nMakanan berlemak terdiri dari beberapa jenis. Berdasarkan struktur kimianya, dikenal lemak jenuh, tidak jenuh tunggal, tidak jenuh ganda, dan lemak trans. Berdasarkan fungsinya di dalam tubuh, lemak terbagi menjadi lemak struktural yang membentuk dinding sel, timbunan lemak sebagai cadangan tenaga, hormon steroid, dan lemak esensial yang tidak dapat dibuat oleh tubuh manusia.\n\nSecara garis besar, lemak terdapat dua bentuk, yaitu lemak padat yang berasal dari hewan dan lemak cair (minyak) yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Akan tetapi, minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan dapat diolah menjadi lemak padat melalui proses hidrogenasi dan dapat menghasilkan lemak trans yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan.\n\nDi dalam makanan, lemak dapat tampak secara langsung (visible) maupun tidak langsung. Lemak tampak secara langsung, seperti misalnya pada babi, sapi, kambing, ayam, dan minyak goreng, sedangkan tidak tampak (invisible) biasa terdapat di dalam biskuit.\n\nStruktur kimia lemak dalam makanan pada umumnya berbentuk trigliserida, yakni perpaduan antara satu molekul gliserol dengan tiga molekul asam lemak. Perbedaan asam lemak inilah yang membedakan jenis dan sifat lemak.\n\nAsam lemak merupakan rangkaian atom karbon dengan ikatan rangkap atau tidak rangkap dengan gugus karbon pada ujungnya. Makin banyak ikatan rangkap, maka makin cair lemak tersebut di dalam suhu kamar. Asam lemak dengan ikatan rangkap dua atau lebih tidak dapat dibuat di dalam tubuh manusia, karena itu disebut asam lemak esensial. Makin banyak ikatan rangkap pada asam lemaknya, makin tidak jenuh lemak tersebut. Sebagai contohnya, asam lemak omega-3 adalah asam lemak dengan 3 ikatan rangkap yang dimulai pada atom C nomor 5.\n\nDi dalam tubuh manusia, lemak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu lemak struktural dan lemak fungsional. Lemak struktural adalah bagian dari dinding sel. Sedangkan, lemak fungsional dapat berupa hormon steroid, prostaglandin, dan timbunan lemak yang dapat dipakai sebagai cadangan energi. Pada dasarnya, lemak makanan (dietary fat) memiliki fungsi untuk menyediakan energi jangka panjang, memberikan rasa kenyang setelah makan, membantu pembuatan hormon, membentuk bagian otak dan sistem saraf, membentuk membran sel untuk setiap sel di dalam tubuh, mengangkut vitamin A, D, E, dan K ke seluruh tubuh, membantu mengatur suhu tubuh, serta menyediakan dua asam lemak esensial (seperti asam linoleat dan asam linolenat) yang tidak bisa dibuat sendiri oleh tubuh manusia.\n\nBerbagai penelitian menunjukkan hubungan erat antara jumlah konsumsi lemak dan timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner. Lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner, sedangkan lemak tidak jenuh akan menurunkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Lemak tidak jenuh terbagi menjadi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (asam oleat) dan lemak tidak jenuh ganda. Lemak tidak jenuh tunggal terdapat di dalam minyak zaitun dan avocado. Lemak tidak jenuh ganda dari tumbuh-tumbuhan terdapat di dalam minyak bunga matahari dan minyak kedelai, sementara yang dari hewan terdapat di dalam minyak ikan.\n\nKonsumsi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal akan menurunkan gejala penyakit jantung koroner seperti pada penduduk di daerah Mediterania, sedangkan konsumsi lemak tidak jenuh ganda, khususnya minyak ikan akan menurunkan gejala penyakit jantung koroner seperti pada orang Eskimo.\n\nSebelum dapat diserap oleh tubuh, lemak harus dicerna dulu menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak. Asam lemak rantai pendek (atom C 4-8) dapat langsung diserap masuk ke dalam peredaran darah, sementara asam lemak rantai panjang harus diangkut oleh protein pembawa di dalam sel usus menjadi molekul kilomikron ke dalam saluran limfa, sebelum akhirnya masuk ke dalam peredaran darah. Proses penyerapan lemak terjadi di usus halus (jejunum) dengan bantuan empedu.\n\nPada umumnya, lemak jenuh terdapat dalam makanan seperti daging, susu, keju, krim, minyak kelapa, kelapa sawit, minyak sayur, dan cokelat. Konsumsi lemak jenuh terbukti meningkatkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah.\n\nSementara, lemak tidak jenuh tunggal terdapat dalam kacang tanah, avocado, bekatul, dan kedelai. Lemak tidak jenuh ganda terdapat dalam biji-bijian, kacang-kacangan, buah-buahan tertentu, dan ikan. Sedangkan, makanan seperti mentega dan keju mengandung asam lemak trans. Asam lemak trans juga berpengaruh buruk bagi kadar kolesterol darah, seperti halnya lemak jenuh.\n\nTerepas dari kelemahan lemak sebagai pengganggu kesehatan akibat kandungan kolesterol, ternyata kolesterol juga diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk membuat asam empedu yang berguna bagi penyerapan lemak makanan, dan hormon steroid yang menentukan sifat kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan. Kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggI mengakibatkan penyakit jantung koroner. Maka, pemilihan jumlah dan jenis lemak memerlukan pertimbangan yang masak.\n\nDi negara maju, asupan lemak dianjurkan kurang lebih 35% dari total asupan kalori, sedangkan di negara berkembang asupan lemak jauh lebih sedikit dari anjuran tersebut. Lemak baik untuk dikonsumsi karena memiliki fungsi menghasilkan energi (9 Kkal/gr), memberikan rasa gurih, membantu pengangkutan vitamin A, D, E, K dan mengandung asam lemak esensial. Akan tetapi, pada usia lanjut pemilihan jenis lemak harus lebih bijaksana. Lemak tidak jenuh, khususnya omega-3 dan omega-9 perlu mendapat perhatian.\n\nAgar konsumsi lemak dapat bermanfaat positif bagi tubuh manusia perlu strategi yang tepat pada pemilihan jenis lemak. Pedoman umum agar makanan yang dikonsumsi mengandung zat gizi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh, adalah dengan mempertimbangkan kecukupan, keseimbangan, dan keberagaman zat masing-masing individu.\n\nCoronary Heart Diseases in Indonesia.\n\nKategori:Makanan Kategori:Nutrisi Kategori:Lemak\n\nen:Dietary fat fr:Matière grasse alimentaire sk:Tuky th:ไขมัน (สารอาหาร)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lemak makanan adalah kandungan lemak yang terdapat dalam semua bahan makanan dan minuman.","translated_text":"Dietary fat is the fat content found in all foods and beverages.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":89,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada dasarnya, semua lemak itu baik karena lemak dibutuhkan untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup manusia.","translated_text":"Essentially, all fat is good because fat is needed to maintain human survival.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":101,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peran lemak adalah menyediakan energi sebesar 9 kalori/gram, melarutkan vitamin A, D, E, K, dan menyediakan asam lemak esensial bagi tubuh manusia.","translated_text":"The role of fat is to provide 9 calories per gram of energy, dissolve vitamins A, D, E, K, and provide essential fatty acids for the human body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Zat\">[http://www.lihatkita.co.cc/2010/05/zat-makanan-dan-fungsinya.html ''Zat Makanan dan Fungsinya'']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"Zat","url":"http://www.lihatkita.co.cc/2010/05/zat-makanan-dan-fungsinya.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.163293-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lemak mulai dianggap berbahaya bagi kesehatan setelah adanya suatu penelitian yang menunjukkan hubungan antara kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dengan banyaknya konsumsi lemak dan kadar lemak di dalam darah.","translated_text":"Fats began to be considered hazardous to health after a study showed a link between coronary heart disease deaths and high fat intake and blood fat levels.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jenis","translated_text":"The type","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Makanan berlemak terdiri dari beberapa jenis.","translated_text":"Fatty foods consist of several types.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":45,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berdasarkan struktur kimianya, dikenal lemak jenuh, tidak jenuh tunggal, tidak jenuh ganda, dan lemak trans.","translated_text":"Based on its chemical structure, it is known as saturated fat, single-unsaturated, double-unsaturated, and trans fats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":108,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berdasarkan fungsinya di dalam tubuh, lemak terbagi menjadi lemak struktural yang membentuk dinding sel, timbunan lemak sebagai cadangan tenaga, hormon steroid, dan lemak esensial yang tidak dapat dibuat oleh tubuh manusia.","translated_text":"Based on its function in the body, fat is divided into structural fats that form the cell wall, a fat stack as a reserve of energy, steroid hormones, and essential fats that cannot be made by the human body.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":223,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara garis besar, lemak terdapat dua bentuk, yaitu lemak padat yang berasal dari hewan dan lemak cair (minyak) yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan.","translated_text":"In general, fats come in two forms: solid fats derived from animals and liquid fats (oils) derived from plants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan dapat diolah menjadi lemak padat melalui proses hidrogenasi dan dapat menghasilkan lemak trans yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan.","translated_text":"However, vegetable oils can be converted into solid fats through the process of hydrogenation and can produce trans fats that are harmful to health.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":161,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di dalam makanan, lemak dapat tampak secara langsung (visible) maupun tidak langsung.","translated_text":"In food, fat can be seen both directly and indirectly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":85,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lemak tampak secara langsung, seperti misalnya pada babi, sapi, kambing, ayam, dan minyak goreng, sedangkan tidak tampak (invisible) biasa terdapat di dalam biskuit.","translated_text":"Fat is seen directly, as in pigs, cows, goats, chickens, and fried oil, whereas it is not seen (invisible) is commonly found in biscuits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":165,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Struktur kimia","translated_text":"Chemical structure","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Struktur kimia lemak dalam makanan pada umumnya berbentuk trigliserida, yakni perpaduan antara satu molekul gliserol dengan tiga molekul asam lemak.","translated_text":"The chemical structure of fats in food is generally triglyceride, a mixture of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":148,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perbedaan asam lemak inilah yang membedakan jenis dan sifat lemak.","translated_text":"It's the difference in fatty acids that distinguishes the type and properties of fat.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asam lemak merupakan rangkaian atom karbon dengan ikatan rangkap atau tidak rangkap dengan gugus karbon pada ujungnya.","translated_text":"A fatty acid is a sequence of carbon atoms with or without an attachment to a carbon group at its end.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":118,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Makin banyak ikatan rangkap, maka makin cair lemak tersebut di dalam suhu kamar.","translated_text":"The more the bonding, the more the fat dissolves at room temperature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asam lemak dengan ikatan rangkap dua atau lebih tidak dapat dibuat di dalam tubuh manusia, karena itu disebut asam lemak esensial.","translated_text":"Fatty acids with two or more bonds cannot be made in the human body, so they are called essential fatty acids.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":130,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Makin banyak ikatan rangkap pada asam lemaknya, makin tidak jenuh lemak tersebut.","translated_text":"The more the fatty acid binds, the less saturated the fat becomes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai contohnya, asam lemak omega-3 adalah asam lemak dengan 3 ikatan rangkap yang dimulai pada atom C nomor 5.","translated_text":"For example, omega-3 fatty acids are fatty acids with three chain bonds starting at atom C number 5.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Fungsi","translated_text":"Function","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di dalam tubuh manusia, lemak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu lemak struktural dan lemak fungsional.","translated_text":"In the human body, fat is divided into two groups: structural fat and functional fat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 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Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":183,"name":"Makanan","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/cholesterol.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45006,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.518640-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (46 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, pada usia lanjut pemilihan jenis lemak harus lebih bijaksana.","translated_text":"In old age, however, the choice of fat type should be more judicious.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. 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Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":25,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Solusi","translated_text":"The Solution","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Agar konsumsi lemak dapat bermanfaat positif bagi tubuh manusia perlu strategi yang tepat pada pemilihan jenis lemak.","translated_text":"In order for fat consumption to have positive benefits for the human body, proper strategies are needed in the selection of fat types.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. 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The role of fat is to provide 9 calories per gram of energy, dissolve vitamins A, D, E, K, and provide essential fatty acids for the human body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":339,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Zat\">[http://www.lihatkita.co.cc/2010/05/zat-makanan-dan-fungsinya.html ''Zat Makanan dan Fungsinya'']{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":339,"name":"Zat","url":"http://www.lihatkita.co.cc/2010/05/zat-makanan-dan-fungsinya.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1103,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.163293-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada dasarnya, semua lemak itu baik karena lemak dibutuhkan untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup manusia. Peran lemak adalah menyediakan energi sebesar 9 kalori/gram, melarutkan vitamin A, D, E, K, dan menyediakan asam lemak esensial bagi tubuh manusia. Lemak mulai dianggap berbahaya bagi kesehatan setelah adanya suatu penelitian yang menunjukkan hubungan antara kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dengan banyaknya konsumsi lemak dan kadar lemak di dalam darah.","translated_text":"Essentially, all fat is good because fat is needed to maintain human survival. The role of fat is to provide 9 calories per gram of energy, dissolve vitamins A, D, E, K, and provide essential fatty acids for the human body. Fats began to be considered hazardous to health after a study showed a link between coronary heart disease deaths and high fat intake and blood fat levels.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":465,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Makanan berlemak terdiri dari beberapa jenis.","translated_text":"Fatty foods consist of several types.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":45,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Makanan berlemak terdiri dari beberapa jenis. Berdasarkan struktur kimianya, dikenal lemak jenuh, tidak jenuh tunggal, tidak jenuh ganda, dan lemak trans.","translated_text":"Fatty foods consist of several types. Based on its chemical structure, it is known as saturated fat, single-unsaturated, double-unsaturated, and trans fats.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":154,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Makanan berlemak terdiri dari beberapa jenis. Berdasarkan struktur kimianya, dikenal lemak jenuh, tidak jenuh tunggal, tidak jenuh ganda, dan lemak trans. Berdasarkan fungsinya di dalam tubuh, lemak terbagi menjadi lemak struktural yang membentuk dinding sel, timbunan lemak sebagai cadangan tenaga, hormon steroid, dan lemak esensial yang tidak dapat dibuat oleh tubuh manusia.","translated_text":"Fatty foods consist of several types. Based on its chemical structure, it is known as saturated fat, single-unsaturated, double-unsaturated, and trans fats. Based on its function in the body, fat is divided into structural fats that form the cell wall, a fat stack as a reserve of energy, steroid hormones, and essential fats that cannot be made by the human body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":378,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara garis besar, lemak terdapat dua bentuk, yaitu lemak padat yang berasal dari hewan dan lemak cair (minyak) yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan.","translated_text":"In general, fats come in two forms: solid fats derived from animals and liquid fats (oils) derived from plants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara garis besar, lemak terdapat dua bentuk, yaitu lemak padat yang berasal dari hewan dan lemak cair (minyak) yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Akan tetapi, minyak tumbuh-tumbuhan dapat diolah menjadi lemak padat melalui proses hidrogenasi dan dapat menghasilkan lemak trans yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan.","translated_text":"In general, fats come in two forms: solid fats derived from animals and liquid fats (oils) derived from plants. However, vegetable oils can be converted into solid fats through the process of hydrogenation and can produce trans fats that are harmful to health.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":309,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam makanan, lemak dapat tampak secara langsung (visible) maupun tidak langsung.","translated_text":"In food, fat can be seen both directly and indirectly.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":85,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam makanan, lemak dapat tampak secara langsung (visible) maupun tidak langsung. Lemak tampak secara langsung, seperti misalnya pada babi, sapi, kambing, ayam, dan minyak goreng, sedangkan tidak tampak (invisible) biasa terdapat di dalam biskuit.","translated_text":"In food, fat can be seen both directly and indirectly. Fat is seen directly, as in pigs, cows, goats, chickens, and fried oil, whereas it is not seen (invisible) is commonly found in biscuits.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":251,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Struktur kimia lemak dalam makanan pada umumnya berbentuk trigliserida, yakni perpaduan antara satu molekul gliserol dengan tiga molekul asam lemak.","translated_text":"The chemical structure of fats in food is generally triglyceride, a mixture of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":148,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Struktur kimia lemak dalam makanan pada umumnya berbentuk trigliserida, yakni perpaduan antara satu molekul gliserol dengan tiga molekul asam lemak. Perbedaan asam lemak inilah yang membedakan jenis dan sifat lemak.","translated_text":"The chemical structure of fats in food is generally triglyceride, a mixture of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules. It's the difference in fatty acids that distinguishes the type and properties of fat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asam lemak merupakan rangkaian atom karbon dengan ikatan rangkap atau tidak rangkap dengan gugus karbon pada ujungnya.","translated_text":"A fatty acid is a sequence of carbon atoms with or without an attachment to a carbon group at its end.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":118,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asam lemak merupakan rangkaian atom karbon dengan ikatan rangkap atau tidak rangkap dengan gugus karbon pada ujungnya. Makin banyak ikatan rangkap, maka makin cair lemak tersebut di dalam suhu kamar.","translated_text":"A fatty acid is a sequence of carbon atoms with or without an attachment to a carbon group at its end. The more the bonding, the more the fat dissolves at room temperature.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":199,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asam lemak merupakan rangkaian atom karbon dengan ikatan rangkap atau tidak rangkap dengan gugus karbon pada ujungnya. Makin banyak ikatan rangkap, maka makin cair lemak tersebut di dalam suhu kamar. Asam lemak dengan ikatan rangkap dua atau lebih tidak dapat dibuat di dalam tubuh manusia, karena itu disebut asam lemak esensial.","translated_text":"A fatty acid is a sequence of carbon atoms with or without an attachment to a carbon group at its end. The more the bonding, the more the fat dissolves at room temperature. Fatty acids with two or more bonds cannot be made in the human body, so they are called essential fatty acids.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":330,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Makin banyak ikatan rangkap, maka makin cair lemak tersebut di dalam suhu kamar. Asam lemak dengan ikatan rangkap dua atau lebih tidak dapat dibuat di dalam tubuh manusia, karena itu disebut asam lemak esensial. Makin banyak ikatan rangkap pada asam lemaknya, makin tidak jenuh lemak tersebut.","translated_text":"The more the bonding, the more the fat dissolves at room temperature. Fatty acids with two or more bonds cannot be made in the human body, so they are called essential fatty acids. The more the fatty acid binds, the less saturated the fat becomes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":293,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asam lemak dengan ikatan rangkap dua atau lebih tidak dapat dibuat di dalam tubuh manusia, karena itu disebut asam lemak esensial. Makin banyak ikatan rangkap pada asam lemaknya, makin tidak jenuh lemak tersebut. Sebagai contohnya, asam lemak omega-3 adalah asam lemak dengan 3 ikatan rangkap yang dimulai pada atom C nomor 5.","translated_text":"Fatty acids with two or more bonds cannot be made in the human body, so they are called essential fatty acids. The more the fatty acid binds, the less saturated the fat becomes. For example, omega-3 fatty acids are fatty acids with three chain bonds starting at atom C number 5.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":326,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh manusia, lemak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu lemak struktural dan lemak fungsional.","translated_text":"In the human body, fat is divided into two groups: structural fat and functional fat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":102,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh manusia, lemak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu lemak struktural dan lemak fungsional. Lemak struktural adalah bagian dari dinding sel.","translated_text":"In the human body, fat is divided into two groups: structural fat and functional fat. Structural fat is part of the cell wall.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":151,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam tubuh manusia, lemak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu lemak struktural dan lemak fungsional. Lemak struktural adalah bagian dari dinding sel. Sedangkan, lemak fungsional dapat berupa hormon steroid, prostaglandin, dan timbunan lemak yang dapat dipakai sebagai cadangan energi.","translated_text":"In the human body, fat is divided into two groups: structural fat and functional fat. Structural fat is part of the cell wall. Functional fats, on the other hand, can be steroid hormones, prostaglandins, and fat accumulations that can be used as energy reserves.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":286,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lemak struktural adalah bagian dari dinding sel. Sedangkan, lemak fungsional dapat berupa hormon steroid, prostaglandin, dan timbunan lemak yang dapat dipakai sebagai cadangan energi. Pada dasarnya, lemak makanan (dietary fat) memiliki fungsi untuk menyediakan energi jangka panjang, memberikan rasa kenyang setelah makan, membantu pembuatan hormon, membentuk bagian otak dan sistem saraf, membentuk membran sel untuk setiap sel di dalam tubuh, mengangkut vitamin A, D, E, dan K ke seluruh tubuh, membantu mengatur suhu tubuh, serta menyediakan dua asam lemak esensial (seperti asam linoleat dan asam linolenat) yang tidak bisa dibuat sendiri oleh tubuh manusia.","translated_text":"Structural fat is part of the cell wall. Functional fats, on the other hand, can be steroid hormones, prostaglandins, and fat accumulations that can be used as energy reserves. Essentially, dietary fats have the function of providing long-term energy, providing satiety after eating, aiding in the production of hormones, forming parts of the brain and nervous system, forming cell membranes for each cell in the body, transporting vitamins A, D, E, and K throughout the body, helping to regulate body temperature, and providing two essential fatty acids (such as linoleic acid and linoleic acid) that cannot be made by the human body itself.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Makanan\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/cholesterol.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did ''Lemak Makanan dan Kolesterol'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":662,"name":"Makanan","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/cholesterol.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45006,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.518640-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (46 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan hubungan erat antara jumlah konsumsi lemak dan timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner.","translated_text":"Various studies have shown a close link between the amount of fat consumed and the onset of coronary heart disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan hubungan erat antara jumlah konsumsi lemak dan timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner. Lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner, sedangkan lemak tidak jenuh akan menurunkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner.","translated_text":"Various studies have shown a close link between the amount of fat consumed and the onset of coronary heart disease. Saturated fat can increase the incidence of coronary heart disease, while unsaturated fat can lower the incidence of coronary heart disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Coronary\">{{en}} [http://www.emedicinehealth.com/coronary_heart_disease/page2_em.htm#Coronary%20Heart%20Disease%20Causes ''Coronary Heart Disease Causes'']. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"Coronary","url":"http://www.emedicinehealth.com/coronary_heart_disease/page2_em.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":170378,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:59.872397-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.833984375}]},{"text":"Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan hubungan erat antara jumlah konsumsi lemak dan timbulnya penyakit jantung koroner. Lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner, sedangkan lemak tidak jenuh akan menurunkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Lemak tidak jenuh terbagi menjadi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (asam oleat) dan lemak tidak jenuh ganda.","translated_text":"Various studies have shown a close link between the amount of fat consumed and the onset of coronary heart disease. Saturated fat can increase the incidence of coronary heart disease, while unsaturated fat can lower the incidence of coronary heart disease. Unsaturated fats are divided into single unsaturated fats (oleic acid) and double unsaturated fats.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":361,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lemak jenuh dapat meningkatkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner, sedangkan lemak tidak jenuh akan menurunkan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Lemak tidak jenuh terbagi menjadi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (asam oleat) dan lemak tidak jenuh ganda. Lemak tidak jenuh tunggal terdapat di dalam minyak zaitun dan avocado.","translated_text":"Saturated fat can increase the incidence of coronary heart disease, while unsaturated fat can lower the incidence of coronary heart disease. Unsaturated fats are divided into single unsaturated fats (oleic acid) and double unsaturated fats. Single unsaturated fats are found in olive oil and avocado.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":317,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lemak tidak jenuh terbagi menjadi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (asam oleat) dan lemak tidak jenuh ganda. Lemak tidak jenuh tunggal terdapat di dalam minyak zaitun dan avocado. Lemak tidak jenuh ganda dari tumbuh-tumbuhan terdapat di dalam minyak bunga matahari dan minyak kedelai, sementara yang dari hewan terdapat di dalam minyak ikan.","translated_text":"Unsaturated fats are divided into single unsaturated fats (oleic acid) and double unsaturated fats. Single unsaturated fats are found in olive oil and avocado. The unsaturated fats of plants are found in sunflower oil and soybean oil, while those of animals are found in fish oil.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":334,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Konsumsi lemak tidak jenuh tunggal akan menurunkan gejala penyakit jantung koroner seperti pada penduduk di daerah Mediterania, sedangkan konsumsi lemak tidak jenuh ganda, khususnya minyak ikan akan menurunkan gejala penyakit jantung koroner seperti pada orang Eskimo.","translated_text":"The consumption of single unsaturated fats will reduce the symptoms of coronary heart disease as inhabitants of the Mediterranean region, whereas the consumption of double unsaturated fats, especially fish oil, will reduce the symptoms of coronary heart disease as in Eskimos.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":268,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum dapat diserap oleh tubuh, lemak harus dicerna dulu menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak.","translated_text":"Before it can be absorbed by the body, fat must first be digested into glycerol and fatty acids.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":91,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum dapat diserap oleh tubuh, lemak harus dicerna dulu menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak. Asam lemak rantai pendek (atom C 4-8) dapat langsung diserap masuk ke dalam peredaran darah, sementara asam lemak rantai panjang harus diangkut oleh protein pembawa di dalam sel usus menjadi molekul kilomikron ke dalam saluran limfa, sebelum akhirnya masuk ke dalam peredaran darah.","translated_text":"Before it can be absorbed by the body, fat must first be digested into glycerol and fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids (C-4-8 atoms) can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream, whereas long-chain fatty acids must be transported by carrier proteins within the intestinal cell into molecules of a micron into the lymphatic duct, before finally entering the bloodstream.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 77-87.</ref>","char_index":374,"name":"Human","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum dapat diserap oleh tubuh, lemak harus dicerna dulu menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak. Asam lemak rantai pendek (atom C 4-8) dapat langsung diserap masuk ke dalam peredaran darah, sementara asam lemak rantai panjang harus diangkut oleh protein pembawa di dalam sel usus menjadi molekul kilomikron ke dalam saluran limfa, sebelum akhirnya masuk ke dalam peredaran darah. Proses penyerapan lemak terjadi di usus halus (jejunum) dengan bantuan empedu.","translated_text":"Before it can be absorbed by the body, fat must first be digested into glycerol and fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids (C-4-8 atoms) can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream, whereas long-chain fatty acids must be transported by carrier proteins within the intestinal cell into molecules of a micron into the lymphatic duct, before finally entering the bloodstream. The process of fat absorption takes place in the small intestine (jejunum) with the help of the bile.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Human\">{{en}} Garrow JS dan James WPT. 1993. ''Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ninth Edition.'' 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Konsumsi lemak jenuh terbukti meningkatkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah.","translated_text":"Generally, saturated fats are found in foods such as meat, milk, cheese, cream, coconut oil, palm oil, vegetable oil, and chocolate. The consumption of saturated fat has been shown to increase cholesterol levels in the blood.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. 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Sedangkan, makanan seperti mentega dan keju mengandung asam lemak trans.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, single unsaturated fats are found in peanuts, avocados, beetroot, and soybeans. Unsaturated fats are found in grains, nuts, certain fruits, and fish. Meanwhile, foods like butter and cheese contain trans fats.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. 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Asam lemak trans juga berpengaruh buruk bagi kadar kolesterol darah, seperti halnya lemak jenuh.","translated_text":"Unsaturated fats are found in grains, nuts, certain fruits, and fish. Meanwhile, foods like butter and cheese contain trans fats. Trans fats also have a negative effect on blood cholesterol levels, as do saturated fats.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. 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Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":270,"name":"Trans","url":"http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pustaka_pangan/pdf/Jurnal_PATPI/vol_XIII_no_2_2002/Pdf_dan_doc/vol_XIII_no_2_2002_hal_184.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.537183-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terepas dari kelemahan lemak sebagai pengganggu kesehatan akibat kandungan kolesterol, ternyata kolesterol juga diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk membuat asam empedu yang berguna bagi penyerapan lemak makanan, dan hormon steroid yang menentukan sifat kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan.","translated_text":"Apart from the fat deficiency as a health disruptor due to cholesterol content, it turns out that cholesterol is also needed by the body to make bile acids useful for the absorption of dietary fat, and the steroid hormones that determine male and female sex characteristics.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Trans\">[http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pustaka_pangan/pdf/Jurnal_PATPI/vol_XIII_no_2_2002/Pdf_dan_doc/vol_XIII_no_2_2002_hal_184.pdf ''Asam Lemak trans dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kesehatan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524215830/http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pustaka_pangan/pdf/Jurnal_PATPI/vol_XIII_no_2_2002/Pdf_dan_doc/vol_XIII_no_2_2002_hal_184.pdf |date=2010-05-24 }}. 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Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"Kolesterol","url":"http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:10.556635-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Kolesterol\">[http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php ''Kolesterol & Asam Lemak Jenuh''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724192024/http://medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php |date=2010-07-24 }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"Kolesterol","url":"http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:10.556635-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terepas dari kelemahan lemak sebagai pengganggu kesehatan akibat kandungan kolesterol, ternyata kolesterol juga diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk membuat asam empedu yang berguna bagi penyerapan lemak makanan, dan hormon steroid yang menentukan sifat kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan. Kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggI mengakibatkan penyakit jantung koroner.","translated_text":"Apart from the fat deficiency as a health disruptor due to cholesterol content, it turns out that cholesterol is also needed by the body to make bile acids useful for the absorption of dietary fat, and the steroid hormones that determine male and female sex characteristics. High blood cholesterol results in coronary heart disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":352,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Kolesterol\">[http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php ''Kolesterol & Asam Lemak Jenuh''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724192024/http://medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php |date=2010-07-24 }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":352,"name":"Kolesterol","url":"http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:10.556635-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terepas dari kelemahan lemak sebagai pengganggu kesehatan akibat kandungan kolesterol, ternyata kolesterol juga diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk membuat asam empedu yang berguna bagi penyerapan lemak makanan, dan hormon steroid yang menentukan sifat kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan. Kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggI mengakibatkan penyakit jantung koroner. Maka, pemilihan jumlah dan jenis lemak memerlukan pertimbangan yang masak.","translated_text":"Apart from the fat deficiency as a health disruptor due to cholesterol content, it turns out that cholesterol is also needed by the body to make bile acids useful for the absorption of dietary fat, and the steroid hormones that determine male and female sex characteristics. High blood cholesterol results in coronary heart disease. Therefore, choosing the amount and type of fat requires careful consideration.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. 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Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":427,"name":"Kolesterol","url":"http://www.medicastore.com/kolesterol/Kolesterol_Asam_Lemak_Jenuh.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:10.556635-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di negara maju, asupan lemak dianjurkan kurang lebih 35% dari total asupan kalori, sedangkan di negara berkembang asupan lemak jauh lebih sedikit dari anjuran tersebut.","translated_text":"In developed countries, fat intake is recommended for about 35% of total calorie intake, whereas in developing countries fat intake is much less than that.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":82,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":82,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Lemak\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/fat/index.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDsQ7gEwBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did ''Lemak'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":82,"name":"Lemak","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/fat/index.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDsQ7gEwBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":33149,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:11.781340-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1015625},{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di negara maju, asupan lemak dianjurkan kurang lebih 35% dari total asupan kalori, sedangkan di negara berkembang asupan lemak jauh lebih sedikit dari anjuran tersebut. Lemak baik untuk dikonsumsi karena memiliki fungsi menghasilkan energi (9 Kkal/gr), memberikan rasa gurih, membantu pengangkutan vitamin A, D, E, K dan mengandung asam lemak esensial.","translated_text":"In developed countries, fat intake is recommended for about 35% of total calorie intake, whereas in developing countries fat intake is much less than that. Fats are good for consumption because they have the function of producing energy (9 Kcal/gr), providing a savory flavor, aiding the transport of vitamins A, D, E, K and containing essential fatty acids.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Food\">{{en}} Mahan LK & Escott-Stump S. 2008. ''Krause’s Food & Nutrition Therapy, Edition 12.'' Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Page 50-59.</ref>","char_index":352,"name":"Food","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Makanan\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/cholesterol.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did ''Lemak Makanan dan Kolesterol'']{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 15 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":352,"name":"Makanan","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.youngwomenshealth.org/cholesterol.html&ei=gXIXTLv0BseyrAedtJyjCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCQQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddietary%2Bfat%26hl%3Did","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45006,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.518640-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (46 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di negara maju, asupan lemak dianjurkan kurang lebih 35% dari total asupan kalori, sedangkan di negara berkembang asupan lemak jauh lebih sedikit dari anjuran tersebut. Lemak baik untuk dikonsumsi karena memiliki fungsi menghasilkan energi (9 Kkal/gr), memberikan rasa gurih, membantu pengangkutan vitamin A, D, E, K dan mengandung asam lemak esensial. Akan tetapi, pada usia lanjut pemilihan jenis lemak harus lebih bijaksana.","translated_text":"In developed countries, fat intake is recommended for about 35% of total calorie intake, whereas in developing countries fat intake is much less than that. Fats are good for consumption because they have the function of producing energy (9 Kcal/gr), providing a savory flavor, aiding the transport of vitamins A, D, E, K and containing essential fatty acids. In old age, however, the choice of fat type should be more judicious.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Healthy\">{{en}} Stanner S, Thompson R, dan Buttriss JL. 2009. ''Healthy Aging: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle.'' British Nutrition Foundation. UK: Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex. Page 173-178.</ref>","char_index":427,"name":"Healthy","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, pada usia lanjut pemilihan jenis lemak harus lebih bijaksana. Lemak tidak jenuh, khususnya omega-3 dan omega-9 perlu mendapat perhatian.","translated_text":"In old age, however, the choice of fat type should be more judicious. Unsaturated fats, especially omega-3s and omega-9s I need some attention.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":149,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agar konsumsi lemak dapat bermanfaat positif bagi tubuh manusia perlu strategi yang tepat pada pemilihan jenis lemak.","translated_text":"In order for fat consumption to have positive benefits for the human body, proper strategies are needed in the selection of fat types.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Omega-3\">{{en}} Nettleton JA. 1995. ''Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health.'' New York: Chapman & Hall. Page 18-28.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"Omega-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Nutrition\">{{en}} Drummond KE dan Brefere LM. 2010. ''Nutrition for Foodservice and Culinary Professional's.'' New Jersey: Wiley & Sons. Page 16.</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"Nutrition","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agar konsumsi lemak dapat bermanfaat positif bagi tubuh manusia perlu strategi yang tepat pada pemilihan jenis lemak. Pedoman umum agar makanan yang dikonsumsi mengandung zat gizi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh, adalah dengan mempertimbangkan kecukupan, keseimbangan, dan keberagaman zat masing-masing individu.","translated_text":"In order for fat consumption to have positive benefits for the human body, proper strategies are needed in the selection of fat types. The general guideline for food intake to contain the nutrients needed by the body is to take into account the sufficiency, balance, and diversity of each individual's nutrients.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nutrition\">{{en}} Drummond KE dan Brefere LM. 2010. ''Nutrition for Foodservice and Culinary Professional's.'' New Jersey: Wiley & Sons. Page 16.</ref>","char_index":307,"name":"Nutrition","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Glufosinat","wikicode":"{{chembox\n|verifiedrevid = 309928887\n|ImageFile=Glufosinate.png\n|ImageSize=200px\n|IUPACName=(''RS'')-2-Amino-4-(hydroxy-methyl-phosphoryl)butanoic acid\n|OtherNames=Phosphinothricin\n|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers\n|CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}\n|CASNo=51276-47-2\n|EINECS = 257-102-5\n|PubChem=4794\n|SMILES=CP(=O)(CCC(C(=O)O)N)O}}\n|Section2= {{Chembox Properties\n|Formula=C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>NO<sub>4</sub>P\n|MolarMass=181.127\n|Appearance=\n|Density=\n|MeltingPt=\n|BoilingPt=|Solubility=\n}}\n|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards\n|MainHazards=\n|FlashPt=\n|Autoignition=\n}}\n}}\n'''Glufosinat''' adalah [[herbisida]] berspektrum luas yang didapat dari dua [[spesies]] [[cendawan]] ''[[Streptomyces]]''.<ref name=\"a\"/> Glufosinat sering disebut fosfinotrisin dan biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk amonium-glufosinat.<ref name=\"a\"/> \n[[Herbisida]] ini bersifat non-selektif karena dapat mematikan semua jenis [[gulma]] dan juga [[tanaman]] yang melakukan kontak dengan [[herbisida]] tersebut.<ref name=\"b\"/> Cara kerja dari herbisida ini adalah menghambat aktivitas [[enzim]] [[glutamin sintetase]] pada tanaman.<ref name=\"a\"/> Enzim tersebut dibutuhkan untuk [[sintesis]] (pembuatan) [[asam amino]] [[glutamin]] dan juga berperan dalam [[detoksifikasi]] amonia.<ref name=\"a\"/> Glifosinat akan menyebabkan glutamin pada tanaman berkurang dan [[amonia]] meningkat sehingga [[fotosintesis]] berhenti dan tanaman mati.<ref name=\"b\">{{cite journal|author=Marveldani, Maimun Barmawi, Setiawan K, Utomo SD|year=2007|month=|title=Pengembangan kedelai transgenik yang tahan herbisida amonium-glufosinat dengan Agrobacterium.|journal=Jurnal Akta Agrosia|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49-55|doi=|id=|url=http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF|format=|accessdate=14 juni 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Paparan glufosinat dapat menyebabkan [[iritasi]] [[mata]] dan [[kulit]].<ref name=\"a\"/> Senyawa ini dapat memengaruhi [[sistem saraf]] dan bersifat [[neurotoksik]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Kimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Herbisida]]","hash":"5e829b1bfdac78c58479a8b994085a0601e92e6b52b8083204d211b5c0180e3e","last_revision":"2021-03-24T20:21:58Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T06:20:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.174711","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"غلوفينوسات","azb":"قلوفوسینات","de":"Glufosinat","en":"Glufosinate","es":"Glufosinato","fa":"گلوفوسینات","fr":"Glufosinate","ja":"グルホシネート","mn":"Глюфосинат","nl":"Glufosinaat","sh":"Glufosinat","sr":"Glufosinat","zh":"草铵膦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Glufosinat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas yang didapat dari dua spesies cendawan Streptomyces. Glufosinat sering disebut fosfinotrisin dan biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk amonium-glufosinat. Herbisida ini bersifat non-selektif karena dapat mematikan semua jenis gulma dan juga tanaman yang melakukan kontak dengan herbisida tersebut. Cara kerja dari herbisida ini adalah menghambat aktivitas enzim glutamin sintetase pada tanaman. Enzim tersebut dibutuhkan untuk sintesis (pembuatan) asam amino glutamin dan juga berperan dalam detoksifikasi amonia. Glifosinat akan menyebabkan glutamin pada tanaman berkurang dan amonia meningkat sehingga fotosintesis berhenti dan tanaman mati. Paparan glufosinat dapat menyebabkan iritasi mata dan kulit. Senyawa ini dapat memengaruhi sistem saraf dan bersifat neurotoksik.\n\nKategori:Herbisida\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Glufosinat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas yang didapat dari dua spesies cendawan Streptomyces.","translated_text":"Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum herbicide obtained from two species of Streptomyces fungi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Glufosinat sering disebut fosfinotrisin dan biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk amonium-glufosinat.","translated_text":"Glufosinate is often called phosphinotrisin and is usually made in the form of ammonium-glufosinate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Herbisida ini bersifat non-selektif karena dapat mematikan semua jenis gulma dan juga tanaman yang melakukan kontak dengan herbisida tersebut.","translated_text":"The herbicide is non-selective in that it can kill all types of weeds as well as plants that come into contact with the herbicide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite journal|author=Marveldani, Maimun Barmawi, Setiawan K, Utomo SD|year=2007|month=|title=Pengembangan kedelai transgenik yang tahan herbisida amonium-glufosinat dengan Agrobacterium.|journal=Jurnal Akta Agrosia|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49-55|doi=|id=|url=http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF|format=|accessdate=14 juni 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":142,"name":"b","url":"http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:13.206462-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cara kerja dari herbisida ini adalah menghambat aktivitas enzim glutamin sintetase pada tanaman.","translated_text":"The way these herbicides work is to inhibit the activity of the enzyme glutamine synthase in plants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim tersebut dibutuhkan untuk sintesis (pembuatan) asam amino glutamin dan juga berperan dalam detoksifikasi amonia.","translated_text":"The enzyme is needed for the synthesis (making) of the amino acid glutamine and also plays a role in the detoxification of ammonia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":118,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Glifosinat akan menyebabkan glutamin pada tanaman berkurang dan amonia meningkat sehingga fotosintesis berhenti dan tanaman mati.","translated_text":"Glyphosate will cause the plant's glutamine to decrease and the ammonia to increase so that photosynthesis stops and the plant dies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite journal|author=Marveldani, Maimun Barmawi, Setiawan K, Utomo SD|year=2007|month=|title=Pengembangan kedelai transgenik yang tahan herbisida amonium-glufosinat dengan Agrobacterium.|journal=Jurnal Akta Agrosia|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49-55|doi=|id=|url=http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF|format=|accessdate=14 juni 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":129,"name":"b","url":"http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:13.206462-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paparan glufosinat dapat menyebabkan iritasi mata dan kulit.","translated_text":"Glufosinate exposure can cause eye and skin irritation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":60,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa ini dapat memengaruhi sistem saraf dan bersifat neurotoksik.","translated_text":"These compounds can affect the nervous system and are neurotoxic.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Herbisida","translated_text":"Category:Herbicides","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Glufosinat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas yang didapat dari dua spesies cendawan Streptomyces.","translated_text":"Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum herbicide obtained from two species of Streptomyces fungi.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glufosinat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas yang didapat dari dua spesies cendawan Streptomyces. Glufosinat sering disebut fosfinotrisin dan biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk amonium-glufosinat.","translated_text":"Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum herbicide obtained from two species of Streptomyces fungi. Glufosinate is often called phosphinotrisin and is usually made in the form of ammonium-glufosinate.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glufosinat adalah herbisida berspektrum luas yang didapat dari dua spesies cendawan Streptomyces. Glufosinat sering disebut fosfinotrisin dan biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk amonium-glufosinat. Herbisida ini bersifat non-selektif karena dapat mematikan semua jenis gulma dan juga tanaman yang melakukan kontak dengan herbisida tersebut.","translated_text":"Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum herbicide obtained from two species of Streptomyces fungi. Glufosinate is often called phosphinotrisin and is usually made in the form of ammonium-glufosinate. The herbicide is non-selective in that it can kill all types of weeds as well as plants that come into contact with the herbicide.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite journal|author=Marveldani, Maimun Barmawi, Setiawan K, Utomo SD|year=2007|month=|title=Pengembangan kedelai transgenik yang tahan herbisida amonium-glufosinat dengan Agrobacterium.|journal=Jurnal Akta Agrosia|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49-55|doi=|id=|url=http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF|format=|accessdate=14 juni 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":333,"name":"b","url":"http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:13.206462-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glufosinat sering disebut fosfinotrisin dan biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk amonium-glufosinat. Herbisida ini bersifat non-selektif karena dapat mematikan semua jenis gulma dan juga tanaman yang melakukan kontak dengan herbisida tersebut. Cara kerja dari herbisida ini adalah menghambat aktivitas enzim glutamin sintetase pada tanaman.","translated_text":"Glufosinate is often called phosphinotrisin and is usually made in the form of ammonium-glufosinate. The herbicide is non-selective in that it can kill all types of weeds as well as plants that come into contact with the herbicide. The way these herbicides work is to inhibit the activity of the enzyme glutamine synthase in plants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":332,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Herbisida ini bersifat non-selektif karena dapat mematikan semua jenis gulma dan juga tanaman yang melakukan kontak dengan herbisida tersebut. Cara kerja dari herbisida ini adalah menghambat aktivitas enzim glutamin sintetase pada tanaman. Enzim tersebut dibutuhkan untuk sintesis (pembuatan) asam amino glutamin dan juga berperan dalam detoksifikasi amonia.","translated_text":"The herbicide is non-selective in that it can kill all types of weeds as well as plants that come into contact with the herbicide. The way these herbicides work is to inhibit the activity of the enzyme glutamine synthase in plants. The enzyme is needed for the synthesis (making) of the amino acid glutamine and also plays a role in the detoxification of ammonia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":358,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cara kerja dari herbisida ini adalah menghambat aktivitas enzim glutamin sintetase pada tanaman. Enzim tersebut dibutuhkan untuk sintesis (pembuatan) asam amino glutamin dan juga berperan dalam detoksifikasi amonia. Glifosinat akan menyebabkan glutamin pada tanaman berkurang dan amonia meningkat sehingga fotosintesis berhenti dan tanaman mati.","translated_text":"The way these herbicides work is to inhibit the activity of the enzyme glutamine synthase in plants. The enzyme is needed for the synthesis (making) of the amino acid glutamine and also plays a role in the detoxification of ammonia. Glyphosate will cause the plant's glutamine to decrease and the ammonia to increase so that photosynthesis stops and the plant dies.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite journal|author=Marveldani, Maimun Barmawi, Setiawan K, Utomo SD|year=2007|month=|title=Pengembangan kedelai transgenik yang tahan herbisida amonium-glufosinat dengan Agrobacterium.|journal=Jurnal Akta Agrosia|volume=10|issue=1|pages=49-55|doi=|id=|url=http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF|format=|accessdate=14 juni 2010}}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":345,"name":"b","url":"http://bdpunib.org/akta/artikelakta/2007/49.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:13.206462-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Enzim tersebut dibutuhkan untuk sintesis (pembuatan) asam amino glutamin dan juga berperan dalam detoksifikasi amonia. Glifosinat akan menyebabkan glutamin pada tanaman berkurang dan amonia meningkat sehingga fotosintesis berhenti dan tanaman mati. Paparan glufosinat dapat menyebabkan iritasi mata dan kulit.","translated_text":"The enzyme is needed for the synthesis (making) of the amino acid glutamine and also plays a role in the detoxification of ammonia. Glyphosate will cause the plant's glutamine to decrease and the ammonia to increase so that photosynthesis stops and the plant dies. Glufosinate exposure can cause eye and skin irritation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en icon}} {{cite journal|author=Caroline Cox|year=1996|month=|title=Herbicide Factsheet: Glufosinate|journal=JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE REFORM/ WINTER 1996 • VOL.16, NO. 4|volume=16|issue=4|pages=|doi=|id=|url=http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|format=|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|archive-date=2007-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702020220/http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":309,"name":"a","url":"http://www.pesticide.org/glufosinate.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:12.161476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Glifosinat akan menyebabkan glutamin pada tanaman berkurang dan amonia meningkat sehingga fotosintesis berhenti dan tanaman mati. Paparan glufosinat dapat menyebabkan iritasi mata dan kulit. Senyawa ini dapat memengaruhi sistem saraf dan bersifat neurotoksik.","translated_text":"Glyphosate will cause the plant's glutamine to decrease and the ammonia to increase so that photosynthesis stops and the plant dies. Glufosinate exposure can cause eye and skin irritation. 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+{"title":"Pertempuran Labirin","wikicode":"{{Infobox Book \n| name           = Pertempuran Labirin\n| image          = Berkas:PJ-PL.gif\n| author         = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| country        = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language       = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| series         = [[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]] (Buku 4)\n| genre          = [[Fantasi]], [[fiksi]], [[mitologi Yunani]]\n| publisher      = [[Hyperion Books|Hyperion Books for Children]] (Amerika Serikat)<br />[[Mizan]] ([[Indonesia]])\n| release_date   = 6 Mei 2008 (Amerika Serikat)<br />3 Juli 2008 ([[Britania Raya]])<br />Oktober 2009 (Indonesia)\n| media_type     = \n| pages          = 456\n| isbn           = 9789794335666\n| congress       = \n| oclc           = \n| preceded_by    = [[Kutukan Bangsa Titan]]\n| followed_by    = [[Dewa Olympia Terakhir]]\n}}\n'''''Pertempuran Labirin''''' adalah buku keempat dari seri novel [[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]] karangan [[Rick Riordan]]. Dalam novel ini, [[Percy Jackson]], yang telah berusia lima belas tahun di akhir buku, berusaha menghentikan [[Luke Castellan|Luke]] dan pasukannya yang berusaha menyerang perkemahan [[setengah dewa]] dengan menggunakan [[labirin]] [[Daedalus]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Rick Riordan – Percy Jackson<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Novel ini dirilis pada 6 Mei 2008 di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Kanada]], dan Oktober 2009 di Indonesia. Judul aslinya dalam [[bahasa Inggris]] adalah ''The Battle of the Labyrinth''.\n\n== Sinopsis ==\n[[Kronos]] dan pasukan pengikutnya berusaha mencari jalan untuk menembus sihir perkemahan dan meluluhlantakkan perkemahan setengah dewa. Percy pun arus menjalani misi baru, kali ini Annabeth yang memimpin. Bersama Tyson dan Grover mereka harus masuk ke bawah tanah, menjelajahi [[labirin]] buatan [[Daedalus]], yang luas dan rumitnya luar biasa, dengan bahaya mengintai di setiap persimpangan. Di labirin tersebut, mereka diintai oleh monster-monster kuno yang berbahaya. Labirin itu menyesatkan mereka, dan fakta tentang keberadaan dewa [[Pan]] yang dicari Grover akhirnya terkuak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507045310/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\n== Tokoh ==\n* [[Percy Jackson]]\n* [[Annabeth Chase]]\n* [[Rachel Elizabeth Dare]]\n* [[Nico di Angelo]]\n* [[Luke Castellan]]\n* [[Grover Underwood]]\n* [[Tyson Si Siklop]]\n* [[Daidalos|Daedalus/Quintus]]\n* [[Calypso]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Perkemahan Blasteran}}\n\n[[Kategori:Novel tahun 2009]]\n[[Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]]","hash":"172f44cb0ea89daf822eae55a2ce241ef1e19e0b7e2bb77b90e68b639d44749a","last_revision":"2021-05-19T02:47:46Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T06:29:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.408810","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"معركة المتاهة","cs":"Percy Jackson: Bitva o Labyrint","de":"Percy Jackson – Die Schlacht um das Labyrinth","en":"The Battle of the Labyrinth","es":"La batalla del laberinto","fa":"نبرد هزارتو","fi":"Labyrinttitaistelu","fr":"La Bataille du labyrinthe","gl":"The Battle of the Labyrinth","he":"פרסי ג'קסון והקרב על המבוך","hu":"Csata a labirintusban","hy":"Պերսի Ջեքսոնը և մահվան լաբիրինթոսը","it":"Percy Jackson e gli dei dell'Olimpo: la battaglia del labirinto","nl":"De Strijd om het Labyrint","nb":"Slaget om labyrinten","pl":"Bitwa w labiryncie","pt":"The Battle of the Labyrinth","ru":"Перси Джексон и лабиринт смерти","simple":"The Battle of the Labyrinth","th":"เพอร์ซีย์ แจ็กสัน กับปริศนาเขาวงกต","tr":"Labirent Savaşı","vi":"Cuộc chiến chốn Mê cung","zh":"波西傑克森—迷宮戰場"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Pertempuran Labirin adalah buku keempat dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan. Dalam novel ini, Percy Jackson, yang telah berusia lima belas tahun di akhir buku, berusaha menghentikan Luke dan pasukannya yang berusaha menyerang perkemahan setengah dewa dengan menggunakan labirin Daedalus. Novel ini dirilis pada 6 Mei 2008 di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada, dan Oktober 2009 di Indonesia. Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Battle of the Labyrinth.\n\nKronos dan pasukan pengikutnya berusaha mencari jalan untuk menembus sihir perkemahan dan meluluhlantakkan perkemahan setengah dewa. Percy pun arus menjalani misi baru, kali ini Annabeth yang memimpin. Bersama Tyson dan Grover mereka harus masuk ke bawah tanah, menjelajahi labirin buatan Daedalus, yang luas dan rumitnya luar biasa, dengan bahaya mengintai di setiap persimpangan. Di labirin tersebut, mereka diintai oleh monster-monster kuno yang berbahaya. Labirin itu menyesatkan mereka, dan fakta tentang keberadaan dewa Pan yang dicari Grover akhirnya terkuak.\n\nPercy Jackson Annabeth Chase Rachel Elizabeth Dare Nico di Angelo Luke Castellan Grover Underwood Tyson Si Siklop Daedalus/Quintus Calypso\n\nKategori:Novel tahun 2009 Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Book \n| name           = Pertempuran Labirin\n| image          = Berkas:PJ-PL.gif\n| author         = [[Rick Riordan]]\n| country        = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| language       = [[Bahasa Indonesia]]\n| series         = [[Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia]] (Buku 4)\n| genre          = [[Fantasi]], [[fiksi]], [[mitologi Yunani]]\n| publisher      = [[Hyperion Books|Hyperion Books for Children]] (Amerika Serikat)<br />[[Mizan]] ([[Indonesia]])\n| release_date   = 6 Mei 2008 (Amerika Serikat)<br />3 Juli 2008 ([[Britania Raya]])<br />Oktober 2009 (Indonesia)\n| media_type     = \n| pages          = 456\n| isbn           = 9789794335666\n| congress       = \n| oclc           = \n| preceded_by    = [[Kutukan Bangsa Titan]]\n| followed_by    = [[Dewa Olympia Terakhir]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pertempuran Labirin adalah buku keempat dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan.","translated_text":"The Battle of the Labyrinth is the fourth book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam novel ini, Percy Jackson, yang telah berusia lima belas tahun di akhir buku, berusaha menghentikan Luke dan pasukannya yang berusaha menyerang perkemahan setengah dewa dengan menggunakan labirin Daedalus.","translated_text":"In this novel, Percy Jackson, who is already fifteen years old at the end of the book, attempts to stop Luke and his army from attempting to invade the camp of the demigods using the maze of Daedalus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Rick Riordan – Percy Jackson<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"http://rickriordan.com/children.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31205,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:23.313791-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Rick Riordan – Percy Jackson<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:24.017572-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Novel ini dirilis pada 6 Mei 2008 di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada, dan Oktober 2009 di Indonesia.","translated_text":"The novel was released on May 6, 2008 in the United States and Canada, and October 2009 in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Judul aslinya dalam bahasa Inggris adalah The Battle of the Labyrinth.","translated_text":"The original title in English was The Battle of the Labyrinth.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kronos dan pasukan pengikutnya berusaha mencari jalan untuk menembus sihir perkemahan dan meluluhlantakkan perkemahan setengah dewa.","translated_text":"Kronos and his army tried to find a way to break through the magic of the camp and destroy the camp of the demigods.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Percy pun arus menjalani misi baru, kali ini Annabeth yang memimpin.","translated_text":"Percy is on a new mission, this time with Annabeth at the helm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama Tyson dan Grover mereka harus masuk ke bawah tanah, menjelajahi labirin buatan Daedalus, yang luas dan rumitnya luar biasa, dengan bahaya mengintai di setiap persimpangan.","translated_text":"With Tyson and Grover they must go underground, exploring the Daedalus-made maze, which is vast and incredibly elaborate, with the danger of stalking at every intersection.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di labirin tersebut, mereka diintai oleh monster-monster kuno yang berbahaya.","translated_text":"In those labyrinths, they are stalked by dangerous ancient monsters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Labirin itu menyesatkan mereka, dan fakta tentang keberadaan dewa Pan yang dicari Grover akhirnya terkuak.","translated_text":"The maze led them astray, and the fact of the existence of the god Pan that Grover sought was finally revealed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507045310/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100507045310/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.134504-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tokoh","translated_text":"Characters","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Percy Jackson Annabeth Chase Rachel Elizabeth Dare Nico di Angelo Luke Castellan Grover Underwood Tyson Si Siklop Daedalus/Quintus Calypso","translated_text":"Percy Jackson Annabeth Chase Rachel Elizabeth Dare Nico is played by Angelo Luke Castellan Grover Underwood Tyson The Cyclops Daedalus/Quintus Calypso","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Novel tahun 2009 Kategori:Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia","translated_text":":Novel of 2009 Category:Percy Jackson and the Gods of the Olympics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pertempuran Labirin adalah buku keempat dari seri novel Percy Jackson & Dewa-Dewi Olympia karangan Rick Riordan. Dalam novel ini, Percy Jackson, yang telah berusia lima belas tahun di akhir buku, berusaha menghentikan Luke dan pasukannya yang berusaha menyerang perkemahan setengah dewa dengan menggunakan labirin Daedalus.","translated_text":"The Battle of the Labyrinth is the fourth book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan. In this novel, Percy Jackson, who is already fifteen years old at the end of the book, attempts to stop Luke and his army from attempting to invade the camp of the demigods using the maze of Daedalus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Rick Riordan – Percy Jackson<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":"http://rickriordan.com/children.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31205,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:23.313791-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rickriordan.com/children.htm |title=Rick Riordan – Percy Jackson<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090228062238/http://www.rickriordan.com/children.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:24.017572-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bersama Tyson dan Grover mereka harus masuk ke bawah tanah, menjelajahi labirin buatan Daedalus, yang luas dan rumitnya luar biasa, dengan bahaya mengintai di setiap persimpangan. Di labirin tersebut, mereka diintai oleh monster-monster kuno yang berbahaya. Labirin itu menyesatkan mereka, dan fakta tentang keberadaan dewa Pan yang dicari Grover akhirnya terkuak.","translated_text":"With Tyson and Grover they must go underground, exploring the Daedalus-made maze, which is vast and incredibly elaborate, with the danger of stalking at every intersection. In those labyrinths, they are stalked by dangerous ancient monsters. The maze led them astray, and the fact of the existence of the god Pan that Grover sought was finally revealed.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507045310/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":364,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:24.088449-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-06-14 |archive-date=2010-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507045310/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":364,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100507045310/http://www.dinamikaebooks.com/buku/detail/4329/the-battle-of-labyrinth-percy-jackson-dewa-dewi-olympia-4-.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.134504-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Terapi gen","wikicode":"{{Biologi sintetis}}\n[[Berkas:Gene therapy.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Terapi gen.]]\n'''Terapi gen''' adalah suatu [[teknik]] [[terapi]] yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki gen-gen [[mutan]] (abnormal/cacat) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya suatu [[penyakit]].<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal\n | author = \n | date = 2005-08\n | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen\n | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id)\n | volume = II\n | issue = 2\n | pages = 51 - 61\n | doi = \n | id = \n | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1\n | format = \n | accessdate = \n | archive-date = 2007-01-24\n | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf\n | dead-url = yes\n }}</ref> Pada awalnya, terapi gen diciptakan untuk mengobati ''penyakit keturunan'' (genetik) yang terjadi karena [[mutasi]] pada satu gen, seperti penyakit [[fibrosis sistik]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Penggunaan terapi gen pada penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan memasukkan [[gen]] normal yang spesifik ke dalam [[sel]] yang memiliki gen [[mutan]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Terapi gen kemudian berkembang untuk mengobati penyakit yang terjadi karena [[mutasi]] di banyak gen, seperti [[kanker]].<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref> Selain memasukkan gen normal ke dalam sel mutan, [[mekanisme]] terapi gen lain yang dapat digunakan adalah melakukan [[rekombinasi]] [[Homologi (biologi)|homolog]] untuk melenyapkan gen abnormal dengan gen normal, mencegah [[ekspresi gen]] abnormal melalui teknik [[peredaman gen]], dan melakukan [[mutasi balik]] selektif sehingga gen abnormal dapat berfungsi normal kembali.<ref name=\"a\"/> \n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Genetika]]\n[[Kategori:Terapi]]\n\n\n{{genetika-stub}}","hash":"7cb2e7b257690ce39c6c73259ac72619e7a8b5b3e6bb2320e50cdea8488a3c8b","last_revision":"2022-12-14T07:27:46Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:02:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.707098","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"علاج جيني","bs":"Genska terapija","ca":"Teràpia gènica","ckb":"چارەسەرکردنی بۆھێلی","cs":"Genová terapie","da":"Genterapi","de":"Gentherapie","el":"Γονιδιακή θεραπεία","en":"Gene therapy","eo":"Genterapio","es":"Terapia génica","et":"Geeniteraapia","eu":"Terapia genetiko","fa":"ژن‌درمانی","fi":"Geeniterapia","fr":"Thérapie génique","gl":"Terapia xénica","he":"ריפוי גני","hi":"जीन चिकित्सा","hr":"Genska terapija","ht":"Terapi jenik","hu":"Génterápia","hy":"Գենային թերապիա","io":"Gen-terapio","it":"Terapia genica","ja":"遺伝子治療","jv":"Terapi Gen","kk":"Генотерапия","kn":"ಜೀನ್‌(ವಂಶವಾಹಿ) ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ","ko":"유전자 치료","ml":"ജീൻ തെറാപ്പി","ms":"Terapi gen","nl":"Gentherapie","nb":"Genterapi","pl":"Terapia genowa","ps":"جېنېټیکه درملنه","pt":"Terapia genética","ru":"Генотерапия","sh":"Genska terapija","simple":"Gene therapy","sl":"Gensko zdravljenje","sq":"Terapia e gjeneve","sr":"Genska terapija","sv":"Genterapi","ta":"மரபணுச் சிகிச்சை","th":"ยีนบำบัด","tr":"Gen tedavisi","uk":"Генотерапія","ur":"وراثی معالجہ","vi":"Liệu pháp gen","zh":"基因治療"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Terapi gen adalah suatu teknik terapi yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki gen-gen mutan (abnormal/cacat) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya suatu penyakit. Pada awalnya, terapi gen diciptakan untuk mengobati penyakit keturunan (genetik) yang terjadi karena mutasi pada satu gen, seperti penyakit fibrosis sistik. Penggunaan terapi gen pada penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan memasukkan gen normal yang spesifik ke dalam sel yang memiliki gen mutan. Terapi gen kemudian berkembang untuk mengobati penyakit yang terjadi karena mutasi di banyak gen, seperti kanker. Selain memasukkan gen normal ke dalam sel mutan, mekanisme terapi gen lain yang dapat digunakan adalah melakukan rekombinasi homolog untuk melenyapkan gen abnormal dengan gen normal, mencegah ekspresi gen abnormal melalui teknik peredaman gen, dan melakukan mutasi balik selektif sehingga gen abnormal dapat berfungsi normal kembali.\n\nKategori:Genetika Kategori:Terapi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terapi gen adalah suatu teknik terapi yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki gen-gen mutan (abnormal/cacat) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya suatu penyakit.","translated_text":"Gene therapy is a therapeutic technique used to correct mutant (abnormal/defective) genes responsible for the occurrence of a disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal | author = | date = 2005-08 | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id) | volume = II | issue = 2 | pages = 51 - 61 | doi = | id = | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1 | format = | accessdate = | archive-date = 2007-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"a","url":"http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.205733-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal | author = | date = 2005-08 | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id) | volume = II | issue = 2 | pages = 51 - 61 | doi = | id = | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1 | format = | accessdate = | archive-date = 2007-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"a","url":"http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.205733-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, terapi gen diciptakan untuk mengobati penyakit keturunan (genetik) yang terjadi karena mutasi pada satu gen, seperti penyakit fibrosis sistik.","translated_text":"Originally, gene therapy was developed to treat hereditary (genetic) diseases caused by mutations in one gene, such as cystic fibrosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref>","char_index":156,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggunaan terapi gen pada penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan memasukkan gen normal yang spesifik ke dalam sel yang memiliki gen mutan.","translated_text":"The use of gene therapy for the disease is done by inserting a specific normal gene into a cell that has a mutant gene.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref>","char_index":135,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terapi gen kemudian berkembang untuk mengobati penyakit yang terjadi karena mutasi di banyak gen, seperti kanker.","translated_text":"Gene therapy then developed to treat diseases caused by mutations in many genes, such as cancer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain memasukkan gen normal ke dalam sel mutan, mekanisme terapi gen lain yang dapat digunakan adalah melakukan rekombinasi homolog untuk melenyapkan gen abnormal dengan gen normal, mencegah ekspresi gen abnormal melalui teknik peredaman gen, dan melakukan mutasi balik selektif sehingga gen abnormal dapat berfungsi normal kembali.","translated_text":"In addition to inserting normal genes into mutant cells, other gene therapy mechanisms that can be used are to perform homologous recombination to eliminate abnormal genes with normal genes, prevent abnormal gene expression through gene suppression techniques, and perform selective reverse mutations so that abnormal genes can function normally again.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal | author = | date = 2005-08 | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id) | volume = II | issue = 2 | pages = 51 - 61 | doi = | id = | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1 | format = | accessdate = | archive-date = 2007-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":333,"name":"a","url":"http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.205733-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Genetika Kategori:Terapi","translated_text":"Category:Genetics Category:Physical treatments","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Terapi gen adalah suatu teknik terapi yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki gen-gen mutan (abnormal/cacat) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya suatu penyakit.","translated_text":"Gene therapy is a therapeutic technique used to correct mutant (abnormal/defective) genes responsible for the occurrence of a disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal | author = | date = 2005-08 | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id) | volume = II | issue = 2 | pages = 51 - 61 | doi = | id = | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1 | format = | accessdate = | archive-date = 2007-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"a","url":"http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.205733-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal | author = | date = 2005-08 | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id) | volume = II | issue = 2 | pages = 51 - 61 | doi = | id = | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1 | format = | accessdate = | archive-date = 2007-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"a","url":"http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.205733-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terapi gen adalah suatu teknik terapi yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki gen-gen mutan (abnormal/cacat) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya suatu penyakit. Pada awalnya, terapi gen diciptakan untuk mengobati penyakit keturunan (genetik) yang terjadi karena mutasi pada satu gen, seperti penyakit fibrosis sistik.","translated_text":"Gene therapy is a therapeutic technique used to correct mutant (abnormal/defective) genes responsible for the occurrence of a disease. Originally, gene therapy was developed to treat hereditary (genetic) diseases caused by mutations in one gene, such as cystic fibrosis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref>","char_index":317,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terapi gen adalah suatu teknik terapi yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki gen-gen mutan (abnormal/cacat) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya suatu penyakit. Pada awalnya, terapi gen diciptakan untuk mengobati penyakit keturunan (genetik) yang terjadi karena mutasi pada satu gen, seperti penyakit fibrosis sistik. Penggunaan terapi gen pada penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan memasukkan gen normal yang spesifik ke dalam sel yang memiliki gen mutan.","translated_text":"Gene therapy is a therapeutic technique used to correct mutant (abnormal/defective) genes responsible for the occurrence of a disease. Originally, gene therapy was developed to treat hereditary (genetic) diseases caused by mutations in one gene, such as cystic fibrosis. The use of gene therapy for the disease is done by inserting a specific normal gene into a cell that has a mutant gene.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref>","char_index":453,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, terapi gen diciptakan untuk mengobati penyakit keturunan (genetik) yang terjadi karena mutasi pada satu gen, seperti penyakit fibrosis sistik. Penggunaan terapi gen pada penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan memasukkan gen normal yang spesifik ke dalam sel yang memiliki gen mutan. Terapi gen kemudian berkembang untuk mengobati penyakit yang terjadi karena mutasi di banyak gen, seperti kanker.","translated_text":"Originally, gene therapy was developed to treat hereditary (genetic) diseases caused by mutations in one gene, such as cystic fibrosis. The use of gene therapy for the disease is done by inserting a specific normal gene into a cell that has a mutant gene. Gene therapy then developed to treat diseases caused by mutations in many genes, such as cancer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book |last= Kam Man Hui|first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Gene therapy: from laboratory to the clinic|year= 1994|publisher= World Scientific Pub Co Inc |location= |id= ISBN 978-981-02-1655-9}}Halaman 2-4</ref>","char_index":406,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penggunaan terapi gen pada penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan memasukkan gen normal yang spesifik ke dalam sel yang memiliki gen mutan. Terapi gen kemudian berkembang untuk mengobati penyakit yang terjadi karena mutasi di banyak gen, seperti kanker. Selain memasukkan gen normal ke dalam sel mutan, mekanisme terapi gen lain yang dapat digunakan adalah melakukan rekombinasi homolog untuk melenyapkan gen abnormal dengan gen normal, mencegah ekspresi gen abnormal melalui teknik peredaman gen, dan melakukan mutasi balik selektif sehingga gen abnormal dapat berfungsi normal kembali.","translated_text":"The use of gene therapy for the disease is done by inserting a specific normal gene into a cell that has a mutant gene. Gene therapy then developed to treat diseases caused by mutations in many genes, such as cancer. In addition to inserting normal genes into mutant cells, other gene therapy mechanisms that can be used are to perform homologous recombination to eliminate abnormal genes with normal genes, prevent abnormal gene expression through gene suppression techniques, and perform selective reverse mutations so that abnormal genes can function normally again.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{cite journal | author = | date = 2005-08 | title = RNA Therapeutic, Pendekatan Baru Dalam Terapi Gen | journal = Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian (www.jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id) | volume = II | issue = 2 | pages = 51 - 61 | doi = | id = | url = http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1 | format = | accessdate = | archive-date = 2007-01-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070124194050/http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":583,"name":"a","url":"http://jurnal.farmasi.ui.ac.id/pdf/2005/v02n02/amarila0202%5B1%5D.pdf?PHPSESSID=50ac0ac476b31f8693bfbb726df823c1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.205733-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Gulden","wikicode":"[[Berkas:NetherlandsP20-2&HalfSilverGulden-1927 b.jpg|jmpl|250px|[[Uang kertas]] Belanda 2,50 gulden (1927)]]\n[[File:Behrens 66.jpg|thumb|280px|Gulden [[Firenze]] tahun 1341]]{{Unreferenced|date=September 2021}}\n'''Gulden''' ({{lang-nl|gulden}}, {{lang-en|guilder}}) adalah mata uang [[Belanda]] selama beberapa abad, sebelum digantikan oleh [[euro]] pada 1 Januari 2002. Kata gulden berasal dari bahasa Belanda Kuno yang berarti 'emas'. Nama ini mulanya digunakan untuk menyebut uang yang berbentuk kepingan emas, tetapi kemudian menjadi nama umum untuk kepingan perak atau logam dasar lainnya. Nama lain untuk gulden adalah ''florin'' (dilambangkan dengan fl. atau ƒ). Satu setengah gulden juga disebut ''daalder'' (lihat ''[[dolar|thaler]]''); sedangkan dua setengah gulden disebut ''rijksdaalder''. Kata ''daalder'' atau ''thaler'' ini adalah asal mula dari kata ''[[dolar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 Januari 2020|title=Origin of the word dollar|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|website=Czech Center Museum Houston|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-15|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\nGulden [[Antillen Belanda]] saat ini masih digunakan sebagai nama alat tukar resmi. Gulden dahulu juga dipakai oleh [[Suriname]] sebagai nama mata uangnya, tetapi sejak 2004 sudah beralih ke dolar. Guilder pun adalah mata uang [[Guyana Inggris]] antara 1796 dan 1839. Indonesia telah menggunakan mata uang gulden Belanda sejak tahun 1610 hingga 1817. Setelah tahun 1817, dikenalkan mata uang gulden [[Hindia Belanda]], yang digunakan sampai tibanya [[Sejarah Nusantara (1942-1945)|pendudukan Jepang]] pada [[Perang Dunia ke-2]]. Ketika terjadinya kedatangan [[Sekutu]] dan [[NICA]], mereka pun sempat membuat gulden NICA, meskipun saat itu penggunaan [[rupiah]] sudah meluas. Penggunaan gulden terakhir di wilayah Indonesia adalah sebagai mata uang [[Nugini Belanda]], yang digunakan hingga tahun 1963.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\nDalam sejarah Eropa, nama gulden juga pernah digunakan sebagai nama mata uang-mata uang dari [[Austria-Hungaria]], negara-negara Jerman selatan ([[Bavaria]], [[Baden]], [[Württemberg]], [[Frankfurt]], dan [[Hohenzollern]]), serta beberapa kota bebas di sepanjang sungai Rhein ([[Trier]], [[Köln]], dan [[Mainz]]).{{butuh rujukan}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n<references />\n[[Kategori:Mata uang Eropa]]\n[[Kategori:Ekonomi Belanda]]\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Belanda]]","hash":"f368df85d1ece4eae767fa107b992b9a6996149a30a92f438c584db7ee140771","last_revision":"2023-08-10T13:12:35Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:05:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.759634","cross_lingual_links":{"als":"Gulden","be":"Гульдэн","be-x-old":"Гульдэн","bg":"Гулден","br":"Florin","ca":"Florí","cs":"Gulden","da":"Gylden","de":"Gulden","el":"Γκoύλντεν","en":"Guilder","eo":"Guldeno","et":"Kulden","fr":"Florin","fy":"Gûne","hu":"Forint","hy":"Գուլդեն","it":"Fiorino","ja":"フローリン","ko":"굴덴","lt":"Guldenas","lv":"Guldenis","ms":"Gulden","nb":"Gulden","oc":"Florin","pl":"Gulden","pt":"Florim (moeda)","ro":"Florin (monedă)","ru":"Гульден","sah":"Гульден","simple":"Guilder","sk":"Zlatý (peniaze)","sr":"Гулден","sv":"Gulden","uk":"Гульден","zh":"古尔登"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Gulden (, ) adalah mata uang Belanda selama beberapa abad, sebelum digantikan oleh euro pada 1 Januari 2002. Kata gulden berasal dari bahasa Belanda Kuno yang berarti 'emas'. Nama ini mulanya digunakan untuk menyebut uang yang berbentuk kepingan emas, tetapi kemudian menjadi nama umum untuk kepingan perak atau logam dasar lainnya. Nama lain untuk gulden adalah florin (dilambangkan dengan fl. atau ƒ). Satu setengah gulden juga disebut daalder (lihat thaler); sedangkan dua setengah gulden disebut rijksdaalder. Kata daalder atau thaler ini adalah asal mula dari kata dolar.\n\nGulden Antillen Belanda saat ini masih digunakan sebagai nama alat tukar resmi. Gulden dahulu juga dipakai oleh Suriname sebagai nama mata uangnya, tetapi sejak 2004 sudah beralih ke dolar. Guilder pun adalah mata uang Guyana Inggris antara 1796 dan 1839. Indonesia telah menggunakan mata uang gulden Belanda sejak tahun 1610 hingga 1817. Setelah tahun 1817, dikenalkan mata uang gulden Hindia Belanda, yang digunakan sampai tibanya pendudukan Jepang pada Perang Dunia ke-2. Ketika terjadinya kedatangan Sekutu dan NICA, mereka pun sempat membuat gulden NICA, meskipun saat itu penggunaan rupiah sudah meluas. Penggunaan gulden terakhir di wilayah Indonesia adalah sebagai mata uang Nugini Belanda, yang digunakan hingga tahun 1963.\n\nDalam sejarah Eropa, nama gulden juga pernah digunakan sebagai nama mata uang-mata uang dari Austria-Hungaria, negara-negara Jerman selatan (Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Frankfurt, dan Hohenzollern), serta beberapa kota bebas di sepanjang sungai Rhein (Trier, Köln, dan Mainz).\n\nKategori:Mata uang Eropa Kategori:Ekonomi Belanda Kategori:Sejarah Belanda\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gulden (, ) adalah mata uang Belanda selama beberapa abad, sebelum digantikan oleh euro pada 1 Januari 2002.","translated_text":"The gulden (, ) was the currency of the Netherlands for several centuries, before being replaced by the euro on 1 January 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kata gulden berasal dari bahasa Belanda Kuno yang berarti 'emas'.","translated_text":"The word gulden comes from the Old Dutch for 'gold'.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama ini mulanya digunakan untuk menyebut uang yang berbentuk kepingan emas, tetapi kemudian menjadi nama umum untuk kepingan perak atau logam dasar lainnya.","translated_text":"The name was originally used to refer to money shaped like gold pieces, but later became a common name for silver pieces or other base metals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama lain untuk gulden adalah florin (dilambangkan dengan fl. atau ƒ).","translated_text":"Another name for the gulden is florin (symbolized with fl. or ƒ).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Satu setengah gulden juga disebut daalder (lihat thaler); sedangkan dua setengah gulden disebut rijksdaalder.","translated_text":"One and a half gulden is also called a daalder (see thaler); while two and a half gulden is called a rijksdaalder.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kata daalder atau thaler ini adalah asal mula dari kata dolar.","translated_text":"The word daalder or thaler is the origin of the word dollar.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 Januari 2020|title=Origin of the word dollar|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|website=Czech Center Museum Houston|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-15|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":82884,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.225405-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93115234375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 Januari 2020|title=Origin of the word dollar|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|website=Czech Center Museum Houston|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-15|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.334906-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gulden Antillen Belanda saat ini masih digunakan sebagai nama alat tukar resmi.","translated_text":"The Gulden of the Netherlands Antilles is still used today as the official name of the currency.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gulden dahulu juga dipakai oleh Suriname sebagai nama mata uangnya, tetapi sejak 2004 sudah beralih ke dolar.","translated_text":"Gulden was also formerly used by Suriname as the name of its currency, but since 2004 it has switched to the dollar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Guilder pun adalah mata uang Guyana Inggris antara 1796 dan 1839.","translated_text":"The guilder was the currency of British Guyana between 1796 and 1839.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Indonesia telah menggunakan mata uang gulden Belanda sejak tahun 1610 hingga 1817.","translated_text":"Indonesia has used the currency of the Dutch gulden from 1610 to 1817.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tahun 1817, dikenalkan mata uang gulden Hindia Belanda, yang digunakan sampai tibanya pendudukan Jepang pada Perang Dunia ke-2.","translated_text":"After 1817, the currency of the Dutch East Indies was introduced, which was used until the Japanese occupation in World War II.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika terjadinya kedatangan Sekutu dan NICA, mereka pun sempat membuat gulden NICA, meskipun saat itu penggunaan rupiah sudah meluas.","translated_text":"With the arrival of the Allies and NICA, they also made NICA gold, although the use of rupees was widespread.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggunaan gulden terakhir di wilayah Indonesia adalah sebagai mata uang Nugini Belanda, yang digunakan hingga tahun 1963.","translated_text":"The last use of the gulden in Indonesian territory was as the currency of Dutch New Guinea, which was used until 1963.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam sejarah Eropa, nama gulden juga pernah digunakan sebagai nama mata uang-mata uang dari Austria-Hungaria, negara-negara Jerman selatan (Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Frankfurt, dan Hohenzollern), serta beberapa kota bebas di sepanjang sungai Rhein (Trier, Köln, dan Mainz).","translated_text":"In European history, the name gulden was also used as the name of the currencies of Austria-Hungary, the southern German states (Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Frankfurt, and Hohenzollern), as well as several free cities along the Rhine (Trier, Cologne, and Mainz).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Mata uang Eropa Kategori:Ekonomi Belanda Kategori:Sejarah Belanda","translated_text":"Category:European currency Category:Dutch economy Category:History of the Netherlands","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Nama lain untuk gulden adalah florin (dilambangkan dengan fl. atau ƒ). Satu setengah gulden juga disebut daalder (lihat thaler); sedangkan dua setengah gulden disebut rijksdaalder. Kata daalder atau thaler ini adalah asal mula dari kata dolar.","translated_text":"Another name for the gulden is florin (symbolized with fl. or ƒ). One and a half gulden is also called a daalder (see thaler); while two and a half gulden is called a rijksdaalder. The word daalder or thaler is the origin of the word dollar.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 Januari 2020|title=Origin of the word dollar|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|website=Czech Center Museum Houston|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-15|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":243,"name":null,"url":"https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":82884,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.225405-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93115234375},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 Januari 2020|title=Origin of the word dollar|url=https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|website=Czech Center Museum Houston|language=en-US|access-date=2022-01-15|archive-date=2023-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":243,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230619171042/https://www.czechcenter.org/blog/2020/1/30/origin-of-the-word-dollar","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.334906-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pendudukan Jepang","wikicode":"{{Penghubung}}\n* [[Pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Burma]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Kamboja]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Guam]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Hong Kong]]\n* [[Sejarah Nusantara (1942–1945)|Pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Malaya, Borneo Utara, dan Sarawak|Pendudukan Jepang di Malaya, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Singapura]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Kepulauan Andaman]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Thailand]]\n* [[Pendudukan Jepang di Vietnam]]\n\n{{disambiguasi}}","hash":"2937444e74468f29151038ebebf5bb957ea7ebbfc023a67c4a70f7c47fb77ef4","last_revision":"2021-07-26T17:20:32Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:10:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.821504","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Japanese occupation","ja":"日本統治時代","ko":"일본통치시대","nl":"Japanse bezetting","zh":"日治時期","zh-yue":"日治時期"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang Pendudukan Jepang di Burma Pendudukan Jepang di Kamboja Pendudukan Jepang di Guam Pendudukan Jepang di Hong Kong Pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia Pendudukan Jepang di Malaya, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina Pendudukan Jepang di Singapura Pendudukan Jepang di Kepulauan Andaman Pendudukan Jepang di Thailand Pendudukan Jepang di Vietnam\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang Pendudukan Jepang di Burma Pendudukan Jepang di Kamboja Pendudukan Jepang di Guam Pendudukan Jepang di Hong Kong Pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia Pendudukan Jepang di Malaya, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak Pendudukan Jepang di Filipina Pendudukan Jepang di Singapura Pendudukan Jepang di Kepulauan Andaman Pendudukan Jepang di Thailand Pendudukan Jepang di Vietnam","translated_text":"Japanese occupation of Burma Japanese occupation of Cambodia Japanese occupation of Guam Japanese occupation of Hong Kong Japanese occupation of Indonesia Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak Japanese occupation of the Philippines Japanese occupation of Singapore Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands Japanese occupation of Thailand Japanese occupation of Vietnam","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Satyr","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Satir]]","hash":"f89d20e3d18c9e39aedd40e796e83b5c7f544589368130fd8ab87810d8cd3c1c","last_revision":"2010-06-14T07:12:35Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:12:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.890987","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Satir\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Satir","translated_text":"What is satire?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Hypnos","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Hipnos]]","hash":"a6ca9bd30d1871f21c062ae911cc2ac1ce0634d25439b952262c922d5597d83d","last_revision":"2010-06-14T07:15:50Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:15:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:53.960650","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Hipnos\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Hipnos","translated_text":"By hypnosis","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Siklotron","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Cyclotron - University of Washington.jpg|jmpl|300px|Siklotron]]\n'''Siklotron''' adalah suatu [[mesin]] ([[akselerator]]) yang mempercepat [[partikel]] secara melingkar, sehingga diperoleh energi kinetik yang tinggi.<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Partikel tersebut dapat berupa partikel [[proton]] atau deuteron.<ref name=\"fisika.web.id\">[http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html Siklotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608102354/http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html |date=2010-06-08 }}, ''fisika.web.id''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Siklotron dapat mempercepat partikel karena pemberian [[medan magnet]] dan [[medan listrik]] yang konstan.<ref name=\"www.fisikaasyik.com\">[http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf Siklotron dan Sinkrotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070719/http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf |date=2012-01-19 }}, ''www.fisikaasyik.com''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Siklotron ditemukan oleh [[Ernest O. Lawrence]] pada tahun [[1929]] yang dikembangkan oleh mahasiswa di ''University of California'' pada tahun [[1930]] dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun [[1932]].<ref name=\"www2.slac.stanford.edu\">{{en}} [http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html Accelerator: Circular Accelerators (SLAC VVC)], ''www2.slac.stanford.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Siklotron terbesar di [[dunia]] berada di ''University of British Columbia'', [[Vancouver]], [[Kanada]]. Siklotron terbesar itu berdiameter 18 m yang terdiri dari 4000 ton [[magnet]]. Siklotron ini menghasilkan bidang 0,46 T, 23&nbsp;MHz medan listrik, 94 kV tegangan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat arus 200 μA.<ref name=\"www2.slac.stanford.edu\"/>\n\n== Komponen ==\nKomponen utama siklotron adalah sumber [[ion]], sistem vakum tinggi, sistem pemercepat dan osilasi, sistem transpor berkas dan sistem target.<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\"/>\n\n== Fungsi ==\nBeberapa dekade terakhir ini, siklotron menjadi sumber energi tinggi untuk eksperimen [[nuklir]].<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\"/> Siklotron digunakan untuk jenis penelitian dalam bidang [[fisika]].<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\"/> Ion dalam siklotron dapat digunakan untuk melepaskan proton pada [[tubuh]], sehingga membunuh [[tumor]].<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\"/> Pada umumnya, mesin siklotron dapat digunakan untuk produksi [[radioisotop]], analisis material, dan studi fisika nuklir (tergantung pada energi partikel yang dihasilkan).<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\"/>\n{{clear}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{commons}}\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Teknologi]]\n\n\n{{fisika-stub}}","hash":"83f5ceaa5e0f14a782a85fc7fced446b1d48aab6bd2e7973660a6af17cdccc9f","last_revision":"2024-01-12T21:59:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:18:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.013550","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Siklotron","ar":"مسرع دوراني","az":"Siklotron","be":"Цыклатрон","bg":"Циклотрон","ca":"Ciclotró","cs":"Cyklotron","da":"Cyklotron","de":"Zyklotron","el":"Κύκλοτρο","en":"Cyclotron","eo":"Ciklotrono","es":"Ciclotrón","eu":"Ziklotroi","fa":"شتاب‌دهنده حلقوی","fi":"Syklotroni","fr":"Cyclotron","ga":"Cioglatrón","he":"ציקלוטרון","hi":"साइक्लोट्रॉन","hr":"Ciklotron","hu":"Ciklotron","hy":"Ցիկլատրոն","it":"Ciclotrone","ja":"サイクロトロン","jv":"Siklotron","ka":"ციკლოტრონი","kk":"Циклотрон","kn":"ಸೈಕ್ಲೊಟ್ರಾನ್","ko":"사이클로트론","ks":"سایکلوٹرون","ky":"Циклотрон","mk":"Циклотрон","my":"ဆိုင်ကလိုထရွန်","nl":"Cyclotron","nn":"Syklotron","nb":"Syklotron","pl":"Cyklotron","pt":"Cíclotron","ro":"Ciclotron","ru":"Циклотрон","sco":"Cyclotron","sh":"Ciklotron","simple":"Cyclotron","sk":"Cyklotrón","sr":"Циклотрон","sv":"Cyklotron","ta":"சுழற்சியலைவி","tr":"Siklotron","uk":"Циклотрон","ur":"مداریہ","uz":"Siklotron","vi":"Cyclotron","xmf":"ციკლოტრონი","zh":"回旋加速器"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Siklotron adalah suatu mesin (akselerator) yang mempercepat partikel secara melingkar, sehingga diperoleh energi kinetik yang tinggi. Partikel tersebut dapat berupa partikel proton atau deuteron. Siklotron dapat mempercepat partikel karena pemberian medan magnet dan medan listrik yang konstan. Siklotron ditemukan oleh Ernest O. Lawrence pada tahun 1929 yang dikembangkan oleh mahasiswa di University of California pada tahun 1930 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1932. Siklotron terbesar di dunia berada di University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Kanada. Siklotron terbesar itu berdiameter 18 m yang terdiri dari 4000 ton magnet. Siklotron ini menghasilkan bidang 0,46 T, 23 MHz medan listrik, 94 kV tegangan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat arus 200 μA.\n\nKomponen utama siklotron adalah sumber ion, sistem vakum tinggi, sistem pemercepat dan osilasi, sistem transpor berkas dan sistem target.\n\nBeberapa dekade terakhir ini, siklotron menjadi sumber energi tinggi untuk eksperimen nuklir. Siklotron digunakan untuk jenis penelitian dalam bidang fisika. Ion dalam siklotron dapat digunakan untuk melepaskan proton pada tubuh, sehingga membunuh tumor. Pada umumnya, mesin siklotron dapat digunakan untuk produksi radioisotop, analisis material, dan studi fisika nuklir (tergantung pada energi partikel yang dihasilkan).\n\nKategori:Teknologi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Siklotron adalah suatu mesin (akselerator) yang mempercepat partikel secara melingkar, sehingga diperoleh energi kinetik yang tinggi.","translated_text":"A cyclotron is a machine (accelerator) that accelerates particles circularly, thus obtaining high kinetic energy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":133,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Partikel tersebut dapat berupa partikel proton atau deuteron.","translated_text":"These particles can be proton particles or deuterons.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fisika.web.id\">[http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html Siklotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608102354/http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html |date=2010-06-08 }}, ''fisika.web.id''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":61,"name":"fisika.web.id","url":"http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36075,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.990023-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (22 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"fisika.web.id\">[http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html Siklotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608102354/http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html |date=2010-06-08 }}, ''fisika.web.id''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":61,"name":"fisika.web.id","url":"http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36075,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.990023-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (22 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siklotron dapat mempercepat partikel karena pemberian medan magnet dan medan listrik yang konstan.","translated_text":"Cyclotrons can accelerate particles because of their constant magnetic and electric fields.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.fisikaasyik.com\">[http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf Siklotron dan Sinkrotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070719/http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf |date=2012-01-19 }}, ''www.fisikaasyik.com''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"www.fisikaasyik.com","url":"http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":71625,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:37.533031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"www.fisikaasyik.com\">[http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf Siklotron dan Sinkrotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070719/http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf |date=2012-01-19 }}, ''www.fisikaasyik.com''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"www.fisikaasyik.com","url":"http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":71625,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:37.533031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siklotron ditemukan oleh Ernest O. Lawrence pada tahun 1929 yang dikembangkan oleh mahasiswa di University of California pada tahun 1930 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1932.","translated_text":"The cyclotron was invented by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1929 which was developed by students at the University of California in 1930 and began operation in 1932.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www2.slac.stanford.edu\">{{en}} [http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html Accelerator: Circular Accelerators (SLAC VVC)], ''www2.slac.stanford.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"www2.slac.stanford.edu","url":"http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=us-ascii","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.065061-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siklotron terbesar di dunia berada di University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Kanada.","translated_text":"The largest cyclone in the world is at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siklotron terbesar itu berdiameter 18 m yang terdiri dari 4000 ton magnet.","translated_text":"The largest cyclotron has a diameter of 18 meters made up of 4,000 tons of magnets.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siklotron ini menghasilkan bidang 0,46 T, 23 MHz medan listrik, 94 kV tegangan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat arus 200 μA.","translated_text":"The cyclotron produces a field of 0.46 T, an electric field of 23 MHz, a voltage of 94 kV which is used to accelerate the current of 200 μA.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www2.slac.stanford.edu\">{{en}} [http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html Accelerator: Circular Accelerators (SLAC VVC)], ''www2.slac.stanford.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":124,"name":"www2.slac.stanford.edu","url":"http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=us-ascii","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.065061-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Komponen","translated_text":"Components","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Komponen utama siklotron adalah sumber ion, sistem vakum tinggi, sistem pemercepat dan osilasi, sistem transpor berkas dan sistem target.","translated_text":"The main components of the cyclotron are ion sources, high vacuum systems, acceleration and oscillation systems, file transport systems and target systems.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Fungsi","translated_text":"Function","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beberapa dekade terakhir ini, siklotron menjadi sumber energi tinggi untuk eksperimen nuklir.","translated_text":"In recent decades, cyclotron has become a high-energy source for nuclear experimentation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Siklotron digunakan untuk jenis penelitian dalam bidang fisika.","translated_text":"Cyclotron is used for this type of research in physics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":63,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ion dalam siklotron dapat digunakan untuk melepaskan proton pada tubuh, sehingga membunuh tumor.","translated_text":"The ions in the cyclotron can be used to release protons into the body, thus killing the tumor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada umumnya, mesin siklotron dapat digunakan untuk produksi radioisotop, analisis material, dan studi fisika nuklir (tergantung pada energi partikel yang dihasilkan).","translated_text":"In general, cyclotron machines can be used for radioisotope production, material analysis, and nuclear physics studies (depending on the energy of the resulting particle).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Teknologi","translated_text":"Category:Technology","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Siklotron adalah suatu mesin (akselerator) yang mempercepat partikel secara melingkar, sehingga diperoleh energi kinetik yang tinggi.","translated_text":"A cyclotron is a machine (accelerator) that accelerates particles circularly, thus obtaining high kinetic energy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":133,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Siklotron adalah suatu mesin (akselerator) yang mempercepat partikel secara melingkar, sehingga diperoleh energi kinetik yang tinggi. Partikel tersebut dapat berupa partikel proton atau deuteron.","translated_text":"A cyclotron is a machine (accelerator) that accelerates particles circularly, thus obtaining high kinetic energy. These particles can be proton particles or deuterons.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fisika.web.id\">[http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html Siklotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608102354/http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html |date=2010-06-08 }}, ''fisika.web.id''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":195,"name":"fisika.web.id","url":"http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36075,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.990023-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (22 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"fisika.web.id\">[http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html Siklotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608102354/http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html |date=2010-06-08 }}, ''fisika.web.id''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":195,"name":"fisika.web.id","url":"http://fisika.web.id/OIMM/Best_Design/gaya_magnetik_mater_5.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36075,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.990023-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (22 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Siklotron adalah suatu mesin (akselerator) yang mempercepat partikel secara melingkar, sehingga diperoleh energi kinetik yang tinggi. Partikel tersebut dapat berupa partikel proton atau deuteron. Siklotron dapat mempercepat partikel karena pemberian medan magnet dan medan listrik yang konstan.","translated_text":"A cyclotron is a machine (accelerator) that accelerates particles circularly, thus obtaining high kinetic energy. These particles can be proton particles or deuterons. Cyclotrons can accelerate particles because of their constant magnetic and electric fields.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www.fisikaasyik.com\">[http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf Siklotron dan Sinkrotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070719/http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf |date=2012-01-19 }}, ''www.fisikaasyik.com''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":294,"name":"www.fisikaasyik.com","url":"http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":71625,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:37.533031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"www.fisikaasyik.com\">[http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf Siklotron dan Sinkrotron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070719/http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf |date=2012-01-19 }}, ''www.fisikaasyik.com''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":294,"name":"www.fisikaasyik.com","url":"http://www.fisikaasyik.com/home02/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=213.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":71625,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:37.533031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Partikel tersebut dapat berupa partikel proton atau deuteron. Siklotron dapat mempercepat partikel karena pemberian medan magnet dan medan listrik yang konstan. Siklotron ditemukan oleh Ernest O. Lawrence pada tahun 1929 yang dikembangkan oleh mahasiswa di University of California pada tahun 1930 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1932.","translated_text":"These particles can be proton particles or deuterons. Cyclotrons can accelerate particles because of their constant magnetic and electric fields. The cyclotron was invented by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1929 which was developed by students at the University of California in 1930 and began operation in 1932.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www2.slac.stanford.edu\">{{en}} [http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html Accelerator: Circular Accelerators (SLAC VVC)], ''www2.slac.stanford.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":335,"name":"www2.slac.stanford.edu","url":"http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=us-ascii","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.065061-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Siklotron terbesar di dunia berada di University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Kanada. Siklotron terbesar itu berdiameter 18 m yang terdiri dari 4000 ton magnet. Siklotron ini menghasilkan bidang 0,46 T, 23 MHz medan listrik, 94 kV tegangan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat arus 200 μA.","translated_text":"The largest cyclone in the world is at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. The largest cyclotron has a diameter of 18 meters made up of 4,000 tons of magnets. The cyclotron produces a field of 0.46 T, an electric field of 23 MHz, a voltage of 94 kV which is used to accelerate the current of 200 μA.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"www2.slac.stanford.edu\">{{en}} [http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html Accelerator: Circular Accelerators (SLAC VVC)], ''www2.slac.stanford.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":288,"name":"www2.slac.stanford.edu","url":"http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerators/circular.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=us-ascii","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.065061-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Komponen utama siklotron adalah sumber ion, sistem vakum tinggi, sistem pemercepat dan osilasi, sistem transpor berkas dan sistem target.","translated_text":"The main components of the cyclotron are ion sources, high vacuum systems, acceleration and oscillation systems, file transport systems and target systems.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa dekade terakhir ini, siklotron menjadi sumber energi tinggi untuk eksperimen nuklir.","translated_text":"In recent decades, cyclotron has become a high-energy source for nuclear experimentation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa dekade terakhir ini, siklotron menjadi sumber energi tinggi untuk eksperimen nuklir. Siklotron digunakan untuk jenis penelitian dalam bidang fisika.","translated_text":"In recent decades, cyclotron has become a high-energy source for nuclear experimentation. Cyclotron is used for this type of research in physics.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":157,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa dekade terakhir ini, siklotron menjadi sumber energi tinggi untuk eksperimen nuklir. Siklotron digunakan untuk jenis penelitian dalam bidang fisika. Ion dalam siklotron dapat digunakan untuk melepaskan proton pada tubuh, sehingga membunuh tumor.","translated_text":"In recent decades, cyclotron has become a high-energy source for nuclear experimentation. Cyclotron is used for this type of research in physics. The ions in the cyclotron can be used to release protons into the body, thus killing the tumor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":254,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Siklotron digunakan untuk jenis penelitian dalam bidang fisika. Ion dalam siklotron dapat digunakan untuk melepaskan proton pada tubuh, sehingga membunuh tumor. Pada umumnya, mesin siklotron dapat digunakan untuk produksi radioisotop, analisis material, dan studi fisika nuklir (tergantung pada energi partikel yang dihasilkan).","translated_text":"Cyclotron is used for this type of research in physics. The ions in the cyclotron can be used to release protons into the body, thus killing the tumor. In general, cyclotron machines can be used for radioisotope production, material analysis, and nuclear physics studies (depending on the energy of the resulting particle).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"forum.upi.edu\">[http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev#new Siklotron]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''forum.upi.edu''. Diakses pada 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":328,"name":"forum.upi.edu","url":"http://forum.upi.edu/v3/index.php?topic=14434.0;prev_next=prev","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1417,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.405104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (39 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Fibrosis sistik","wikicode":"{{Penyangkalan-medis}}\n{{Infobox disease\n|  Image          = Cystic_fibrosis_manifestations.png\n|  Caption        = Perawatan pernapasan pada penderita fibrosis sistik.\n|  DiseasesDB     = 3347\n|  ICD10          = {{ICD10|E|84||e|70}}\n|  ICD9           = {{ICD9|277.0}}\n|  ICDO           =\n|  OMIM           = 219700\n|  MedlinePlus    = 000107\n|  eMedicineSubj  = ped\n|  eMedicineTopic = 535\n|  MeshID         = D003550\n}}\n'''Fibrosis sistik '''atau '''fibrosis kistik''' ({{lang-en|cystic fibrosis, mucoviscidosis, CF}}) adalah [[radang]] akibat gangguan pada kanal [[klorida]] yang terletak pada [[sel epitelial|lapisan epitelial]].\n\nFibrosis kistik merupakan suatu kelainan genetik. Sekitar 5% orang kulit putih memiliki 1 gen cacat yang berperan dalam terjadinya penyakit ini. Gen ini bersifat ''resesif'' dan penyakit hanya timbul pada seseorang yang memiliki 2 buah gen ini.Seseorang yang hanya memiliki 1 gen tidak akan menunjukkan gejala. Gen ini mengendalikan pembentukan protein yang mengatur perpindahan klorida dan natrium melalui selaput sel. Jika kedua gen ini abnormal, maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam pemindahan klorida dan natrium, sehingga terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi. Fibrosis kistik menyerang hampir seluruh ''kelenjar endokrin'' (kelenjar yang melepaskan cairan ke dalam sebuah saluran).<ref name=\"be\"/> Penumpukan mukus menyebabkan [[bakteri]] lebih mudah berkembang biak sehingga [[infeksi]] [[bakteri]], seperti [[pneumonia]] dapat terjadi.<ref name=\"be\"/> Penyakit ini bersifat resesif, sehingga apabila kedua orang tua merupakan carier (pembawa) gen penyakit ini, maka satu dari empat anak mereka kemungkinan dapat menderita fibrosis sistik.<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref> Penyakit ini timbul karena mutasi pada satu [[gen]] yang menyandikan [[protein]] pengatur perpindahan [[klorida]] dan [[natrium]] melalui selaput sel. Akibatnya, terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan [[sekresi]] yang menyerang hampir seluruh [[kelenjar endokrin]] (kelenjar yang mengeluarkan cairan ke dalam saluran tertentu dalam tubuh).\n\nKadar vitamin C yang rendah di dalam plasma darah maupun pada ''airway surface liquid'' ASL sering ditemukan pada fibrosis sistik, [[asma]], ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease'', dan ''acute respiratory distress syndrome'', [[perokok]] dan anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok. [[Vitamin C]] memiliki peran yang unik pada ''cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator'' (CFTR).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web\n| url          = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524\n| title          = Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel\n| accessdate          = 2010-12-07\n| work          = Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Horst Fischer, Christian Schwarzer, dan Beate Illek\n| archive-date          = 2023-07-20\n| archive-url          = https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/\n| dead-url          = no\n}}</ref> Paparan [[asam askorbat]], dengan senyawa peredam yaitu [[garam]] ekstraselular, merupakan stimulasi [[sekresi]] [[klorida]] transepitelial yang menyebabkan aliran [[mukus]] sepanjang permukaan ASL. Konsep ini didukung dengan fakta bahwa dosis vitamin C yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan [[diare]], karena [[mukus]] yang berlebih.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}}[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792086/pdf/archdisch00661-0037.pdf Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232150/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792086/pdf/archdisch00661-0037.pdf |date=2023-07-20 }}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penyakit genetik]]\n\n\n{{Penyakit-stub}}","hash":"abde49f405289c92b7d70f485144d45466bc8555f802dc2908a6840c7f9a92f8","last_revision":"2023-07-20T23:22:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:33:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.076572","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Sistiese fibrose","ar":"تليف كيسي","ast":"Fibrosis quística","az":"Sistik fibroz","azb":"کیستیک فیبروزیس","bs":"Cistična fibroza","ca":"Fibrosi quística","ckb":"سیستیک فایبرۆسس","cs":"Cystická fibróza","cy":"Ffibrosis systig","da":"Cystisk fibrose","de":"Mukoviszidose","el":"Κυστική ίνωση","en":"Cystic fibrosis","eo":"Mukoviskozeco","es":"Fibrosis quística","et":"Tsüstiline fibroos","eu":"Fibrosi kistiko","fa":"فیبروز سیستیک","fi":"Kystinen fibroosi","fr":"Mucoviscidose","ga":"Fiobróis chisteach","gl":"Fibrose quística","he":"סיסטיק פיברוזיס","hi":"सिस्टिक फाइब्रोसिस","hu":"Cisztás fibrózis","hy":"Ցիստիկ ֆիբրոզ","it":"Fibrosi cistica","ja":"嚢胞性線維症","ka":"კისტური ფიბროზი","kk":"Муковисцидоз","ko":"낭포성 섬유증","li":"Tejsliemgekrenkdje","lt":"Cistinė fibrozė","lv":"Mukoviscidoze","mk":"Цистична фиброза","ml":"സിസ്റ്റിക് ഫൈബ്രോസിസ്","ms":"Fibrosis sista","nl":"Taaislijmziekte","nn":"Cystisk fibrose","nb":"Cystisk fibrose","or":"ସିସ୍ଟିକ୍ ଫାଇବ୍ରୋସିସ୍","pl":"Mukowiscydoza","pt":"Fibrose cística","ro":"Fibroză chistică","ru":"Муковисцидоз","sh":"Cistična fibroza","simple":"Cystic fibrosis","sk":"Cystická fibróza","sl":"Cistična fibroza","sq":"Fibroza kistike","sr":"Цистична фиброза","sv":"Cystisk fibros","sw":"Uvimbe wa fibrosisi","szy":"masatawasiay ku lebawa","th":"ซิสติก ไฟโบรซิส","tl":"Sistikong pibrosis","tr":"Kistik fibrozis","uk":"Муковісцидоз","uz":"Mukovitsidoz","vi":"Xơ nang","zh":"囊腫性纖維化","zh-yue":"囊性纖維化"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Fibrosis sistik atau fibrosis kistik () adalah radang akibat gangguan pada kanal klorida yang terletak pada lapisan epitelial.\n\nFibrosis kistik merupakan suatu kelainan genetik. Sekitar 5% orang kulit putih memiliki 1 gen cacat yang berperan dalam terjadinya penyakit ini. Gen ini bersifat resesif dan penyakit hanya timbul pada seseorang yang memiliki 2 buah gen ini.Seseorang yang hanya memiliki 1 gen tidak akan menunjukkan gejala. Gen ini mengendalikan pembentukan protein yang mengatur perpindahan klorida dan natrium melalui selaput sel. Jika kedua gen ini abnormal, maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam pemindahan klorida dan natrium, sehingga terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi. Fibrosis kistik menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang melepaskan cairan ke dalam sebuah saluran). Penumpukan mukus menyebabkan bakteri lebih mudah berkembang biak sehingga infeksi bakteri, seperti pneumonia dapat terjadi. Penyakit ini bersifat resesif, sehingga apabila kedua orang tua merupakan carier (pembawa) gen penyakit ini, maka satu dari empat anak mereka kemungkinan dapat menderita fibrosis sistik. Penyakit ini timbul karena mutasi pada satu gen yang menyandikan protein pengatur perpindahan klorida dan natrium melalui selaput sel. Akibatnya, terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi yang menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang mengeluarkan cairan ke dalam saluran tertentu dalam tubuh).\n\nKadar vitamin C yang rendah di dalam plasma darah maupun pada airway surface liquid ASL sering ditemukan pada fibrosis sistik, asma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dan acute respiratory distress syndrome, perokok dan anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok. Vitamin C memiliki peran yang unik pada cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Paparan asam askorbat, dengan senyawa peredam yaitu garam ekstraselular, merupakan stimulasi sekresi klorida transepitelial yang menyebabkan aliran mukus sepanjang permukaan ASL. Konsep ini didukung dengan fakta bahwa dosis vitamin C yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan diare, karena mukus yang berlebih.\n\nExcessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis\n\nKategori:Penyakit genetik\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox disease\n|  Image          = Cystic_fibrosis_manifestations.png\n|  Caption        = Perawatan pernapasan pada penderita fibrosis sistik.\n|  DiseasesDB     = 3347\n|  ICD10          = {{ICD10|E|84||e|70}}\n|  ICD9           = {{ICD9|277.0}}\n|  ICDO           =\n|  OMIM           = 219700\n|  MedlinePlus    = 000107\n|  eMedicineSubj  = ped\n|  eMedicineTopic = 535\n|  MeshID         = D003550\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fibrosis sistik atau fibrosis kistik () adalah radang akibat gangguan pada kanal klorida yang terletak pada lapisan epitelial.","translated_text":"Cystic fibrosis or cystic fibrosis () is inflammation resulting from disruption of the chloride channel located on the epithelial layer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fibrosis kistik merupakan suatu kelainan genetik.","translated_text":"Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar 5% orang kulit putih memiliki 1 gen cacat yang berperan dalam terjadinya penyakit ini.","translated_text":"About 5% of whites have one defected gene that plays a role in the development of the disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gen ini bersifat resesif dan penyakit hanya timbul pada seseorang yang memiliki 2 buah gen ini.Seseorang yang hanya memiliki 1 gen tidak akan menunjukkan gejala.","translated_text":"This gene is recessive, and disease only occurs in a person who has these two genes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gen ini mengendalikan pembentukan protein yang mengatur perpindahan klorida dan natrium melalui selaput sel.","translated_text":"This gene controls the formation of proteins that regulate the transfer of chloride and sodium through the cell membrane.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika kedua gen ini abnormal, maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam pemindahan klorida dan natrium, sehingga terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi.","translated_text":"If both of these genes are abnormal, then there will be a disruption in the transfer of chloride and sodium, resulting in dehydration and decreased secretion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fibrosis kistik menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang melepaskan cairan ke dalam sebuah saluran).","translated_text":"Cystic fibrosis attacks almost all of the endocrine glands (the glands that release fluid into a duct).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"be","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penumpukan mukus menyebabkan bakteri lebih mudah berkembang biak sehingga infeksi bakteri, seperti pneumonia dapat terjadi.","translated_text":"The accumulation of mucus causes bacteria to multiply more readily so that bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, can occur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"be","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyakit ini bersifat resesif, sehingga apabila kedua orang tua merupakan carier (pembawa) gen penyakit ini, maka satu dari empat anak mereka kemungkinan dapat menderita fibrosis sistik.","translated_text":"The disease is recessive, so if both parents are carriers of the disease gene, then one in four of their children is likely to have cystic fibrosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref>","char_index":186,"name":"be","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyakit ini timbul karena mutasi pada satu gen yang menyandikan protein pengatur perpindahan klorida dan natrium melalui selaput sel.","translated_text":"The disease is caused by mutations in a gene that encodes proteins that regulate the movement of chloride and sodium through the cell membrane.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akibatnya, terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi yang menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang mengeluarkan cairan ke dalam saluran tertentu dalam tubuh).","translated_text":"As a result, dehydration and secretion stagnation occur that affects almost all of the endocrine glands (the glands that secrete fluid into certain channels in the body).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kadar vitamin C yang rendah di dalam plasma darah maupun pada airway surface liquid ASL sering ditemukan pada fibrosis sistik, asma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dan acute respiratory distress syndrome, perokok dan anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok.","translated_text":"Low levels of vitamin C in blood plasma and in airway surface liquid ASL are often found in cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, smokers and children exposed to tobacco smoke.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vitamin C memiliki peran yang unik pada cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).","translated_text":"Vitamin C has a unique role in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524 | title = Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel | accessdate = 2010-12-07 | work = Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Horst Fischer, Christian Schwarzer, dan Beate Illek | archive-date = 2023-07-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>","char_index":99,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.191139-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524 | title = Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel | accessdate = 2010-12-07 | work = Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Horst Fischer, Christian Schwarzer, dan Beate Illek | archive-date = 2023-07-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>","char_index":99,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.354207-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paparan asam askorbat, dengan senyawa peredam yaitu garam ekstraselular, merupakan stimulasi sekresi klorida transepitelial yang menyebabkan aliran mukus sepanjang permukaan ASL.","translated_text":"Exposure to ascorbic acid, with the diluent compound extracellular salts, is a stimulation of transepithelial chloride secretion that causes mucous flow along the ASL surface.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konsep ini didukung dengan fakta bahwa dosis vitamin C yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan diare, karena mukus yang berlebih.","translated_text":"This concept is supported by the fact that high doses of vitamin C will result in diarrhea, due to excess mucus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis","translated_text":"Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232150/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792086/pdf/archdisch00661-0037.pdf |date=2023-07-20 }}","char_index":65,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232150/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792086/pdf/archdisch00661-0037.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.423698-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyakit genetik","translated_text":"Category:Genetic diseases","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gen ini mengendalikan pembentukan protein yang mengatur perpindahan klorida dan natrium melalui selaput sel. Jika kedua gen ini abnormal, maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam pemindahan klorida dan natrium, sehingga terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi. Fibrosis kistik menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang melepaskan cairan ke dalam sebuah saluran).","translated_text":"This gene controls the formation of proteins that regulate the transfer of chloride and sodium through the cell membrane. If both of these genes are abnormal, then there will be a disruption in the transfer of chloride and sodium, resulting in dehydration and decreased secretion. Cystic fibrosis attacks almost all of the endocrine glands (the glands that release fluid into a duct).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref>","char_index":372,"name":"be","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jika kedua gen ini abnormal, maka akan terjadi gangguan dalam pemindahan klorida dan natrium, sehingga terjadi dehidrasi dan pengentalan sekresi. Fibrosis kistik menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang melepaskan cairan ke dalam sebuah saluran). Penumpukan mukus menyebabkan bakteri lebih mudah berkembang biak sehingga infeksi bakteri, seperti pneumonia dapat terjadi.","translated_text":"If both of these genes are abnormal, then there will be a disruption in the transfer of chloride and sodium, resulting in dehydration and decreased secretion. Cystic fibrosis attacks almost all of the endocrine glands (the glands that release fluid into a duct). The accumulation of mucus causes bacteria to multiply more readily so that bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, can occur.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref>","char_index":387,"name":"be","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fibrosis kistik menyerang hampir seluruh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar yang melepaskan cairan ke dalam sebuah saluran). Penumpukan mukus menyebabkan bakteri lebih mudah berkembang biak sehingga infeksi bakteri, seperti pneumonia dapat terjadi. Penyakit ini bersifat resesif, sehingga apabila kedua orang tua merupakan carier (pembawa) gen penyakit ini, maka satu dari empat anak mereka kemungkinan dapat menderita fibrosis sistik.","translated_text":"Cystic fibrosis attacks almost all of the endocrine glands (the glands that release fluid into a duct). The accumulation of mucus causes bacteria to multiply more readily so that bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, can occur. The disease is recessive, so if both parents are carriers of the disease gene, then one in four of their children is likely to have cystic fibrosis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"be\">{{cite book|last= Martin Brookes|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Bengkel Ilmu: Genetika|year= 2005|publisher= Penerbit Erlangga|location=|id= ISBN 65-11-005-0}}Hal.114-115</ref>","char_index":428,"name":"be","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kadar vitamin C yang rendah di dalam plasma darah maupun pada airway surface liquid ASL sering ditemukan pada fibrosis sistik, asma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dan acute respiratory distress syndrome, perokok dan anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok. Vitamin C memiliki peran yang unik pada cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).","translated_text":"Low levels of vitamin C in blood plasma and in airway surface liquid ASL are often found in cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, smokers and children exposed to tobacco smoke. Vitamin C has a unique role in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524 | title = Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel | accessdate = 2010-12-07 | work = Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Horst Fischer, Christian Schwarzer, dan Beate Illek | archive-date = 2023-07-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>","char_index":360,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.191139-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/ppmc/articles/PMC373524 | title = Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel | accessdate = 2010-12-07 | work = Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute; Horst Fischer, Christian Schwarzer, dan Beate Illek | archive-date = 2023-07-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>","char_index":360,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232152/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373524/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.354207-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis","translated_text":"Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232150/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792086/pdf/archdisch00661-0037.pdf |date=2023-07-20 }}","char_index":65,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230720232150/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792086/pdf/archdisch00661-0037.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.423698-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Helfi Kardit","wikicode":"{{BLP unsourced|date=Februari 2023}}\n{{Infobox person\n|name = Helfi Kardit\n|image = \n|image_size = \n|caption = \n|birth_date = 1974 \n|birth_place = [[Indonesia]] \n|birth_name = Helfi Kardit\n|other_name = \n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|years_active = \n|occupation = [[Sutradara]], [[Produser]], [[Penulis skenario]], [[Aktor]]\n|spouse = \n|partner =  \n|children = \n|parents = \n}}\n\n'''Helfi Kardit''' (lahir di tahun [[1974]]) adalah seorang sutradara, produser, aktor dan penulis skenario Indonesia. Ia mulai dikenal sebagai sutradara dalam film ''[[Hantu Bangku Kosong]]'' yang menjadi salah satu ''box office'' film horor Indonesia. Helfi lebih banyak melahirkan karya film horor dan aksi laga seperti ''[[Lantai 13]]'', ''[[Brokenhearts|Menjelang Magrib, Santet]]''  dan ''[[Guardian (film 2014)|Guardian]]''.\n\n== Filmografi ==\n\n=== Film ===\n{| class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders sortable\" width=\"\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Tahun\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Judul\n! colspan=\"4\" scope=\"col\"| Dikreditkan sebagai\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\" class=\"unsortable\"| Keterangan\n|-\n![[Aktor]]\n![[Penulis]]\n![[Produser]]\n![[Sutradara]]\n|-\n| 2004\n|''[[17th (film)|17th Seventeen]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2006\n| ''[[Hantu Bangku Kosong]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2007\n| ''[[Love is Cinta]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Lantai 13]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Miracle: Menantang Maut]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Bersama [[Anggoro Saronto]]}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2008\n| ''[[Mengaku Rasul]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2009\n| ''[[Sumpah, (Ini) Pocong!]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Terowongan Rumah Sakit]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | 2010\n| ''[[Arisan Brondong]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{\n|-}}\n| ''[[The Sexy City]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|.{{\n|-}}\n|''[[D'Love]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{\n  }}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2012\n| ''[[Sang Martir]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Brokenhearts]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{\n| }}\n| 2014\n| ''[[Guardian (film 2014)|Guardian]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Skenario}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2015\n|''[[Penghuni Lain film|Penghuni Lain]]''\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|{{No}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Kok Putusin Gue]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Kacaunya Dunia Persilatan]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2017\n| ''[[Ten - The Secret Mission]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Mereka yang Tak Terlihat]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Valentine (film 2017)|Valentine]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n|\n|-\n| 2018\n| ''[[The Origin of Santet]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2019\n| ''[[Mia]]''\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n|rowspan=2|Film orisinal [[STRO TV]]\n|-\n| 2021\n| ''[[Teachers (film)|Teachers]]''\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n|-\n| 2022\n| ''[[Menjelang Magrib]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-2023\n   Iblis Dalam Darah\n  Produser\n|}\n\n=== Serial Televisi ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|+\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n! colspan=\"2\" |Dikreditkan sebagai\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1999-2003\n| rowspan=\"2\" |[[Gerhana (sinetron)|Gerhana]]\n|'''Penulis'''\n|'''Sutradara'''\n|-\n|{{Yes}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|}\n\n* Televisi Misteri (2001-2002)\n\n== Penghargaan dan Nominasi ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|+\n!Penghargaan\n!Tahun\n!Kategori\n!Film\n!Hasil\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Indonesia 2007|Festival Film Indonesia]]\n|2007\n|Film Berbahasa Indonesia Terbaik\n|[[Hantu Bangku Kosong]]\n|{{Nom}}\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Bandung 2013|Festival Film Bandung]]\n|2013\n|[[Penulis Skenario Terpuji]]\n|[[Sang Martir]]\n|{{Nom}}\n|}\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682682/ Profil IMDb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142145/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682682/ |date=2023-03-13 }}\n\n__PAKSADAFTARISI__\n__INDEKS__\n__PRANALABAGIANBARU__\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Helfi Kardit}}\n[[Kategori:Seniman Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh perfilman Minangkabau]]\n[[Kategori:Produser film Indonesia]]\n\n\n{{Indo-bio-stub}}","hash":"878ba67e1ec3771de394f99b59c947e7e05c9009e09f4969cc22e0aff0609b82","last_revision":"2024-01-14T18:56:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T07:42:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.129305","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Helfi Kardit (lahir di tahun 1974) adalah seorang sutradara, produser, aktor dan penulis skenario Indonesia. Ia mulai dikenal sebagai sutradara dalam film Hantu Bangku Kosong yang menjadi salah satu box office film horor Indonesia. Helfi lebih banyak melahirkan karya film horor dan aksi laga seperti Lantai 13, Menjelang Magrib, Santet dan Guardian.\n\nTelevisi Misteri (2001-2002)\n\nProfil IMDb\n\n__PAKSADAFTARISI__ __INDEKS__ __PRANALABAGIANBARU__\n\nKategori:Seniman Indonesia Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh perfilman Minangkabau Kategori:Produser film Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name = Helfi Kardit\n|image = \n|image_size = \n|caption = \n|birth_date = 1974 \n|birth_place = [[Indonesia]] \n|birth_name = Helfi Kardit\n|other_name = \n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|years_active = \n|occupation = [[Sutradara]], [[Produser]], [[Penulis skenario]], [[Aktor]]\n|spouse = \n|partner =  \n|children = \n|parents = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Helfi Kardit (lahir di tahun 1974) adalah seorang sutradara, produser, aktor dan penulis skenario Indonesia.","translated_text":"Helfi Kardit (born 1974) is an Indonesian director, producer, actor and screenwriter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mulai dikenal sebagai sutradara dalam film Hantu Bangku Kosong yang menjadi salah satu box office film horor Indonesia.","translated_text":"He started his career as a director in the film Hantu Bangku Kosong which became one of Indonesia's top box office horror films.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Helfi lebih banyak melahirkan karya film horor dan aksi laga seperti Lantai 13, Menjelang Magrib, Santet dan Guardian.","translated_text":"Helfi spawned more horror and action films such as The 13th Floor, Coming to Magrib, Santet and Guardian.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Film","translated_text":"The movie","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable plainrowheaders sortable\" width=\"\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Tahun\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\"| Judul\n! colspan=\"4\" scope=\"col\"| Dikreditkan sebagai\n! rowspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\" class=\"unsortable\"| Keterangan\n|-\n![[Aktor]]\n![[Penulis]]\n![[Produser]]\n![[Sutradara]]\n|-\n| 2004\n|''[[17th (film)|17th Seventeen]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2006\n| ''[[Hantu Bangku Kosong]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2007\n| ''[[Love is Cinta]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Lantai 13]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Miracle: Menantang Maut]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Bersama [[Anggoro Saronto]]}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2008\n| ''[[Mengaku Rasul]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2009\n| ''[[Sumpah, (Ini) Pocong!]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Terowongan Rumah Sakit]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"4\" | 2010\n| ''[[Arisan Brondong]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{\n|-}}\n| ''[[The Sexy City]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|.{{\n|-}}\n|''[[D'Love]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Cerita}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{\n  }}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2012\n| ''[[Sang Martir]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Brokenhearts]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{\n| }}\n| 2014\n| ''[[Guardian (film 2014)|Guardian]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes|Skenario}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" |2015\n|''[[Penghuni Lain film|Penghuni Lain]]''\n|{{No}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|{{No}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Kok Putusin Gue]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Kacaunya Dunia Persilatan]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2017\n| ''[[Ten - The Secret Mission]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Mereka yang Tak Terlihat]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n|\n|-\n| ''[[Valentine (film 2017)|Valentine]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n|\n|-\n| 2018\n| ''[[The Origin of Santet]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-\n| 2019\n| ''[[Mia]]''\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n|rowspan=2|Film orisinal [[STRO TV]]\n|-\n| 2021\n| ''[[Teachers (film)|Teachers]]''\n| {{yes}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n| {{no}}\n|-\n| 2022\n| ''[[Menjelang Magrib]]''\n| {{no}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n| {{yes}}\n|\n|-2023\n   Iblis Dalam Darah\n  Produser\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Serial Televisi","translated_text":"Television series","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|+\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n! colspan=\"2\" |Dikreditkan sebagai\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1999-2003\n| rowspan=\"2\" |[[Gerhana (sinetron)|Gerhana]]\n|'''Penulis'''\n|'''Sutradara'''\n|-\n|{{Yes}}\n|{{Yes}}\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Televisi Misteri (2001-2002)","translated_text":"Mystery television (2001-2002)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penghargaan dan Nominasi","translated_text":"Awards and Nominations","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|+\n!Penghargaan\n!Tahun\n!Kategori\n!Film\n!Hasil\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Indonesia 2007|Festival Film Indonesia]]\n|2007\n|Film Berbahasa Indonesia Terbaik\n|[[Hantu Bangku Kosong]]\n|{{Nom}}\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Bandung 2013|Festival Film Bandung]]\n|2013\n|[[Penulis Skenario Terpuji]]\n|[[Sang Martir]]\n|{{Nom}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profil IMDb","translated_text":"Profile of IMDb","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142145/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682682/ |date=2023-03-13 }}","char_index":11,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142145/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682682/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.495127-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"_","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"_PAKSADAFTARISI__ __INDEKS__ __PRANALABAGIANBARU__","translated_text":"I'm not sure what I'm talking about.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Seniman Indonesia Kategori:Sutradara Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh perfilman Minangkabau Kategori:Produser film Indonesia","translated_text":"Categories: Indonesian filmmakers Categories: Indonesian film directors Categories: Indonesian filmmakers","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Profil IMDb","translated_text":"Profile of IMDb","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142145/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682682/ |date=2023-03-13 }}","char_index":11,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142145/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2682682/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.495127-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Astrafobia","wikicode":"'''Astrafobia''', juga dikenal sebagai '''brontofobia''', '''keraunophobia''', atau '''tonitrophobia''', adalah ketakutan berlebihan terhadap [[guntur]] dan [[kilat]]. Astrafobia berasal dari kata Yunani \"Asteri\" (bintang) dan \"Phobos\" (takut)\n\n== Gejala ==\nPenderita astrafobia umumnya akan merasa cemas selama badai, dan akan mencari perlindungan. Mereka akan bersembunyi di bawah tempat tidur, bawah selimut, di dalam lemari, di ruang bawah tanah, atau tempat lain di mana mereka merasa lebih aman. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meredakan suara guntur misalnya dengan menutup telinga atau tirai jendela.\nGejala lain bahwa seseorang menderita astrafobia adalah mereka sering memeriksa ramalan cuaca. Hal ini dapat terus berlanjut sehingga penderita astrafobia tidak dapat keluar rumah tanpa mengecek cuaca terlebih dahulu. Dalam kasus yang sangat ekstrem, astraphobia dapat menyebabkan [[agorafobia]], takut meninggalkan [[rumah]].\n\n== Penyembuhan ==\nCara yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengobati astraphobia adalah paparan tentang badai sehingga menimbulkan keberanian penderita terhadap badai.\nDalam banyak kasus, penderita diminta untuk menenangkan dirinya sendiri selama badai. Latihan pernapasan berat dapat memperkuat upaya ini. Kadang-kadang, [[hipnoterapi]] dapat membantu.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://books.google.com/books?id=vw20LEaJe10C&pg=PA482&dq=astraphobia+prevalence&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1990&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=2010&as_brr=0&client=opera&cd=1#v=onepage&q=astraphobia%20prevalence&f=false Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior]\n* [http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiaslist/a/astraphobia.htm Astraphobia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184645/http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiaslist/a/astraphobia.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}\n\n{{fobia}}\n{{psikologi-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Fobia]]","hash":"431a1704b9743fa49f4f82a15976a4975dcd7f47d8653e863670d3619f7be2f5","last_revision":"2023-03-22T09:49:38Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T08:01:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.183446","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"رهاب البرق والرعد","az":"Astrafobiya","bg":"Астрафобия","bn":"বজ্রভীতি","cs":"Astrofobie","da":"Brontofobi","de":"Astraphobie","el":"Αστραποφοβία","en":"Astraphobia","eo":"Tondrofobio","es":"Astrafobia","eu":"Astrafobia","fa":"آسترافوبیا","fi":"Astrafobia","fr":"Astraphobie","he":"אסטרפוביה","hi":"वज्रभीति","it":"Ceraunofobia","ja":"雷恐怖症","ko":"뇌공포증","lt":"Astrafobija","nl":"Brontofobie","pl":"Brontofobia","pt":"Brontofobia","ro":"Astrafobie","simple":"Astraphobia","sq":"Astrafobia","sr":"Астрафобија","sv":"Brontofobi","th":"อาการกลัวฟ้าคะนอง","tr":"Astrafobi","uk":"Астрафобія","uz":"Astrafobiya","vi":"Hội chứng sợ sấm sét","zh":"雷電恐懼症"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Astrafobia, juga dikenal sebagai brontofobia, keraunophobia, atau tonitrophobia, adalah ketakutan berlebihan terhadap guntur dan kilat. Astrafobia berasal dari kata Yunani \"Asteri\" (bintang) dan \"Phobos\" (takut)\n\nPenderita astrafobia umumnya akan merasa cemas selama badai, dan akan mencari perlindungan. Mereka akan bersembunyi di bawah tempat tidur, bawah selimut, di dalam lemari, di ruang bawah tanah, atau tempat lain di mana mereka merasa lebih aman. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meredakan suara guntur misalnya dengan menutup telinga atau tirai jendela. Gejala lain bahwa seseorang menderita astrafobia adalah mereka sering memeriksa ramalan cuaca. Hal ini dapat terus berlanjut sehingga penderita astrafobia tidak dapat keluar rumah tanpa mengecek cuaca terlebih dahulu. Dalam kasus yang sangat ekstrem, astraphobia dapat menyebabkan agorafobia, takut meninggalkan rumah.\n\nCara yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengobati astraphobia adalah paparan tentang badai sehingga menimbulkan keberanian penderita terhadap badai. Dalam banyak kasus, penderita diminta untuk menenangkan dirinya sendiri selama badai. Latihan pernapasan berat dapat memperkuat upaya ini. Kadang-kadang, hipnoterapi dapat membantu.\n\nIntroduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior Astraphobia\n\nKategori:Fobia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Astrafobia, juga dikenal sebagai brontofobia, keraunophobia, atau tonitrophobia, adalah ketakutan berlebihan terhadap guntur dan kilat.","translated_text":"Astraphobia, also known as brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia, is an excessive fear of thunder and lightning.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Astrafobia berasal dari kata Yunani \"Asteri\" (bintang) dan \"Phobos\" (takut)","translated_text":"Astraphobia comes from the Greek words \"Asteri\" and \"Phobos\"","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gejala","translated_text":"What are the symptoms?","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penderita astrafobia umumnya akan merasa cemas selama badai, dan akan mencari perlindungan.","translated_text":"Astrofobia sufferers will generally feel anxious during storms, and will seek shelter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka akan bersembunyi di bawah tempat tidur, bawah selimut, di dalam lemari, di ruang bawah tanah, atau tempat lain di mana mereka merasa lebih aman.","translated_text":"They will hide under beds, under blankets, in closets, in basements, or elsewhere where they feel safer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meredakan suara guntur misalnya dengan menutup telinga atau tirai jendela.","translated_text":"Efforts are made to ease the sound of thunder, for example by closing the ears or window blinds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gejala lain bahwa seseorang menderita astrafobia adalah mereka sering memeriksa ramalan cuaca.","translated_text":"Another sign that someone is astraphobic is that they often check the weather forecast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini dapat terus berlanjut sehingga penderita astrafobia tidak dapat keluar rumah tanpa mengecek cuaca terlebih dahulu.","translated_text":"This can continue so that astrofobes cannot leave the house without first checking the weather.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kasus yang sangat ekstrem, astraphobia dapat menyebabkan agorafobia, takut meninggalkan rumah.","translated_text":"In extreme cases, astraphobia can lead to agoraphobia, the fear of leaving home.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penyembuhan","translated_text":"Healing","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cara yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengobati astraphobia adalah paparan tentang badai sehingga menimbulkan keberanian penderita terhadap badai.","translated_text":"The most common way to treat astraphobia is to be exposed to storms, thus encouraging the patient's courage in the face of storms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam banyak kasus, penderita diminta untuk menenangkan dirinya sendiri selama badai.","translated_text":"In many cases, the sufferer is asked to calm himself during a storm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Latihan pernapasan berat dapat memperkuat upaya ini.","translated_text":"Heavy breathing exercises can reinforce these efforts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kadang-kadang, hipnoterapi dapat membantu.","translated_text":"Sometimes, hypnotherapy can help.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior Astraphobia","translated_text":"Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior Astraphobia","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184645/http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiaslist/a/astraphobia.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184645/http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiaslist/a/astraphobia.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.569880-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Fobia","translated_text":"Category:Phobia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior Astraphobia","translated_text":"Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior Astraphobia","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184645/http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiaslist/a/astraphobia.htm |date=2016-03-03 }}","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184645/http://phobias.about.com/od/phobiaslist/a/astraphobia.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.569880-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Oswald Theodore Avery","wikicode":"{{Infobox Scientist\n|name              = Oswald Avery\n|box_width         =\n|image             =Oswald T. Avery portrait 1937.jpg\n|image_width       =150px\n|caption           = Oswald Avery pada tahun 1937\n|birth_date        = 21 Oktober 1877\n|birth_place       =  [[Halifax]]\n|death_date = 2 Februari 1955\n|death_place       = \n|residence         = \n|citizenship       = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n|nationality       = [[Kanada]]\n|ethnicity         = \n|field             = [[Biologi molekuler]]\n|work_institutions =  [[Rockefeller University]] [[Hospital]]\n|alma_mater        = \n|doctoral_advisor  = \n|doctoral_students = \n|known_for         =  [[DNA]] sebagai pembawa sifat (turunan)\n}}\n\n'''Oswald Theodore Avery''' ({{lahirmati||21|10|1877||2|2|1955}}\") adalah seorang [[dokter]] dan ahli [[bakteriologi]].<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news\n|first = \n|last = \n|author = Mary Washington Frazer\n|coauthors = \n|url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf\n|title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = 13 November 1970\n|accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n|quote = \n|archive-date = 2010-05-28\n|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf\n|dead-url = yes\n}}</ref> Dia merupakan salah satu orang yang berperan dalam penemuan [[DNA]] dam juga berperan dalam pendirian ilmu [[imunokimia]].<ref name=\"av\"/> Selain itu, dia juga banyak meneliti tentang [[radang paru-paru]] (pneumonia) selama bekerja dengan [[Institut Rodkefeller]] untuk Riset Medis.<ref name=\"av\"/> Avery dilahirkan di Halifax, Nova Scotia, pada 21 Oktober 1877.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news \n|first = \n|last = \n|author = A. R. DOCHEZ\n|coauthors =\n|url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf\n|title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = \n|accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n|quote =\n}}\n</ref> Dia menyelesaikan [[pendidikan]] pada tahun 1900 di [[Universitas Colgate]] dan kemudian melanjutkan ke [[fakultas]] [[dokter]] dan [[ahli bedah]] [[Universitas Columbia]] hingga tahun 1904.<ref name=\"b\"/> Avery sempat bekerja sebagai dokter praktik selama beberapa tahun setelah kelulusannya sebelum akhirnya menjadi [[ilmuwan]] [[riset]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Selama [[Perang Dunia]] I dan II, dia bekerja pada pemerintah [[Amerika Serikat]] dalam mengontrol penyakit menular yang lazim diderita pasukan saat perang berlangsung.<ref name=\"b\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penemu]]\n[[Kategori:Ilmuwan]]\n\n\n{{Bio-stub}}","hash":"c60299abc86e65b6a358336139546e25a39fdb0e738dc61eed2a008af91dcfe2","last_revision":"2022-12-06T09:29:22Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T08:19:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.249510","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"آزوولد إيفري","arz":"آزوولد ايفرى","azb":"اسوالد آوری","bg":"Осуалд Ейвъри","ca":"Oswald Avery","cs":"Oswald Avery","cy":"Oswald Avery","de":"Oswald Avery","en":"Oswald Avery","es":"Oswald Avery","fa":"اسوالد ایوری","fi":"Oswald Avery","fr":"Oswald Avery","ga":"Oswald Theodore Avery","hr":"Oswald Avery","it":"Oswald Theodore Avery","ja":"オズワルド・アベリー","kn":"ಒಸ್ವಾಲ್ಡ್ ಥಿಯೊಡೋರ್ ಏವರಿ","ko":"오즈월드 에이버리","mk":"Освалд Евери","nl":"Oswald Avery","nb":"Oswald Avery","pl":"Oswald Avery","pt":"Oswald Avery","ro":"Oswald Avery","ru":"Эвери, Освальд","sh":"Oswald Avery","simple":"Oswald Avery","sr":"Osvald Ejveri","ta":"ஓஸ்வால்ட் அவேரி","tr":"Oswald Avery","uk":"Освальд Евері","xmf":"ოსვალდ ევერი","zh":"奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗里"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") adalah seorang dokter dan ahli bakteriologi. Dia merupakan salah satu orang yang berperan dalam penemuan DNA dam juga berperan dalam pendirian ilmu imunokimia. Selain itu, dia juga banyak meneliti tentang radang paru-paru (pneumonia) selama bekerja dengan Institut Rodkefeller untuk Riset Medis. Avery dilahirkan di Halifax, Nova Scotia, pada 21 Oktober 1877. Dia menyelesaikan pendidikan pada tahun 1900 di Universitas Colgate dan kemudian melanjutkan ke fakultas dokter dan ahli bedah Universitas Columbia hingga tahun 1904. Avery sempat bekerja sebagai dokter praktik selama beberapa tahun setelah kelulusannya sebelum akhirnya menjadi ilmuwan riset. Selama Perang Dunia I dan II, dia bekerja pada pemerintah Amerika Serikat dalam mengontrol penyakit menular yang lazim diderita pasukan saat perang berlangsung.\n\nKategori:Penemu Kategori:Ilmuwan\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Scientist\n|name              = Oswald Avery\n|box_width         =\n|image             =Oswald T. Avery portrait 1937.jpg\n|image_width       =150px\n|caption           = Oswald Avery pada tahun 1937\n|birth_date        = 21 Oktober 1877\n|birth_place       =  [[Halifax]]\n|death_date = 2 Februari 1955\n|death_place       = \n|residence         = \n|citizenship       = [[Amerika Serikat]]\n|nationality       = [[Kanada]]\n|ethnicity         = \n|field             = [[Biologi molekuler]]\n|work_institutions =  [[Rockefeller University]] [[Hospital]]\n|alma_mater        = \n|doctoral_advisor  = \n|doctoral_students = \n|known_for         =  [[DNA]] sebagai pembawa sifat (turunan)\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") adalah seorang dokter dan ahli bakteriologi.","translated_text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") was a physician and bacteriologist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia merupakan salah satu orang yang berperan dalam penemuan DNA dam juga berperan dalam pendirian ilmu imunokimia.","translated_text":"He was one of the people who played a role in the discovery of DNA dams and also played a role in the establishment of immunochemistry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, dia juga banyak meneliti tentang radang paru-paru (pneumonia) selama bekerja dengan Institut Rodkefeller untuk Riset Medis.","translated_text":"In addition, he also did extensive research on pneumonia during his work with the Rodkefeller Institute for Medical Research.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":135,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Avery dilahirkan di Halifax, Nova Scotia, pada 21 Oktober 1877.","translated_text":"Avery was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on October 21, 1877.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":63,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia menyelesaikan pendidikan pada tahun 1900 di Universitas Colgate dan kemudian melanjutkan ke fakultas dokter dan ahli bedah Universitas Columbia hingga tahun 1904.","translated_text":"He completed his education in 1900 at Colgate University and then continued on to Columbia University's medical and surgical faculty until 1904.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":166,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Avery sempat bekerja sebagai dokter praktik selama beberapa tahun setelah kelulusannya sebelum akhirnya menjadi ilmuwan riset.","translated_text":"Avery worked as a practicing physician for several years after graduation before eventually becoming a research scientist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":126,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama Perang Dunia I dan II, dia bekerja pada pemerintah Amerika Serikat dalam mengontrol penyakit menular yang lazim diderita pasukan saat perang berlangsung.","translated_text":"During World Wars I and II, he worked for the United States government in controlling the communicable diseases commonly suffered by troops during the war.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":160,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penemu Kategori:Ilmuwan","translated_text":"Category:Inventors Category:Scientists","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") adalah seorang dokter dan ahli bakteriologi.","translated_text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") was a physician and bacteriologist.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":70,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") adalah seorang dokter dan ahli bakteriologi. Dia merupakan salah satu orang yang berperan dalam penemuan DNA dam juga berperan dalam pendirian ilmu imunokimia.","translated_text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") was a physician and bacteriologist. He was one of the people who played a role in the discovery of DNA dams and also played a role in the establishment of immunochemistry.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":185,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") adalah seorang dokter dan ahli bakteriologi. Dia merupakan salah satu orang yang berperan dalam penemuan DNA dam juga berperan dalam pendirian ilmu imunokimia. Selain itu, dia juga banyak meneliti tentang radang paru-paru (pneumonia) selama bekerja dengan Institut Rodkefeller untuk Riset Medis.","translated_text":"Oswald Theodore Avery (\") was a physician and bacteriologist. He was one of the people who played a role in the discovery of DNA dams and also played a role in the establishment of immunochemistry. In addition, he also did extensive research on pneumonia during his work with the Rodkefeller Institute for Medical Research.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"av\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Mary Washington Frazer |coauthors = |url = http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |title = AVERY, OSWALD THEODORE |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 13 November 1970 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161434/http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":321,"name":"av","url":"http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/70-128.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.639426-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia merupakan salah satu orang yang berperan dalam penemuan DNA dam juga berperan dalam pendirian ilmu imunokimia. Selain itu, dia juga banyak meneliti tentang radang paru-paru (pneumonia) selama bekerja dengan Institut Rodkefeller untuk Riset Medis. Avery dilahirkan di Halifax, Nova Scotia, pada 21 Oktober 1877.","translated_text":"He was one of the people who played a role in the discovery of DNA dams and also played a role in the establishment of immunochemistry. In addition, he also did extensive research on pneumonia during his work with the Rodkefeller Institute for Medical Research. Avery was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on October 21, 1877.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":314,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}]},{"text":"Selain itu, dia juga banyak meneliti tentang radang paru-paru (pneumonia) selama bekerja dengan Institut Rodkefeller untuk Riset Medis. Avery dilahirkan di Halifax, Nova Scotia, pada 21 Oktober 1877. Dia menyelesaikan pendidikan pada tahun 1900 di Universitas Colgate dan kemudian melanjutkan ke fakultas dokter dan ahli bedah Universitas Columbia hingga tahun 1904.","translated_text":"In addition, he also did extensive research on pneumonia during his work with the Rodkefeller Institute for Medical Research. Avery was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on October 21, 1877. He completed his education in 1900 at Colgate University and then continued on to Columbia University's medical and surgical faculty until 1904.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":366,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}]},{"text":"Avery dilahirkan di Halifax, Nova Scotia, pada 21 Oktober 1877. Dia menyelesaikan pendidikan pada tahun 1900 di Universitas Colgate dan kemudian melanjutkan ke fakultas dokter dan ahli bedah Universitas Columbia hingga tahun 1904. Avery sempat bekerja sebagai dokter praktik selama beberapa tahun setelah kelulusannya sebelum akhirnya menjadi ilmuwan riset.","translated_text":"Avery was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on October 21, 1877. He completed his education in 1900 at Colgate University and then continued on to Columbia University's medical and surgical faculty until 1904. Avery worked as a practicing physician for several years after graduation before eventually becoming a research scientist.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":357,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}]},{"text":"Dia menyelesaikan pendidikan pada tahun 1900 di Universitas Colgate dan kemudian melanjutkan ke fakultas dokter dan ahli bedah Universitas Columbia hingga tahun 1904. Avery sempat bekerja sebagai dokter praktik selama beberapa tahun setelah kelulusannya sebelum akhirnya menjadi ilmuwan riset. Selama Perang Dunia I dan II, dia bekerja pada pemerintah Amerika Serikat dalam mengontrol penyakit menular yang lazim diderita pasukan saat perang berlangsung.","translated_text":"He completed his education in 1900 at Colgate University and then continued on to Columbia University's medical and surgical faculty until 1904. Avery worked as a practicing physician for several years after graduation before eventually becoming a research scientist. During World Wars I and II, he worked for the United States government in controlling the communicable diseases commonly suffered by troops during the war.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = A. R. DOCHEZ |coauthors = |url = http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf |title = OSWALD THEODORE AVERY |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":454,"name":"b","url":"http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/CC/A/A/B/I/_/ccaabi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":15747,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.175918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}]}]}
+{"title":"Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011","wikicode":"{{Infobox International Football Competition\n| tourney_name   = Liga Champions UEFA\n| year           = 2010–2011\n| image          = Wembley-Stadion 2013 16x10.jpg\n| size           = 275px\n| caption        = [[Wembley Stadium]] di [[London]] menjadi tuan rumah final\n| dates          =''Kualifikasi:''<br>29 Juni – 25 Agustus 2010<br>''Kompetisi utama:''<br>14 September 2010 – 28 Mei 2011\n| num_teams      = ''Kompetisi utama:'' 32<br>''Total:'' 76\n| associations   = 52\n| champion_other = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n| count          = 4\n| second_other   = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n| matches        = 125\n| goals          = 355\n| attendance     = \n| top_scorer     = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Lionel Messi]] {{small|(12 gol)}}}}\n| player         = \n| prevseason     = [[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010|2009–2010]]\n| nextseason     = [[Liga Champions UEFA 2011–2012|2011–2012]]\n}}\n'''Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011''' adalah musim ke 56 dari kompetisi klub [[sepak bola]] tertinggi di [[Eropa]] dan musim ke-19 di bawah format [[Liga Champions UEFA]]. [[Final Liga Champions UEFA 2011|Final]] bertempat di [[Stadion Wembley]] di [[London]], Inggris,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7858932.stm Wembley to host 2011 Euro final] BBC Sport, 29 Januari 2009</ref> di mana [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] mengalahkan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] dengan skor 3–1. [[Inter Milan]] hadir sebagai [[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010|juara bertahan]] namun kalah dari [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] pada babak perempat final.\n\n[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] selaku juara berhak mengikuti [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2011]] dan [[Piala Super UEFA 2011]] di mana mereka kemudian juga berhasil meraih gelar juara pada kedua kompetisi tersebut.\n\n==Alokasi tim asosiasi==\nSebanyak 76 tim berpartisipasi di Liga Champions 2010–2011, dari 52 asosiasi [[UEFA]] ([[Liechtenstein Football Association|Liechtenstein]] tidak menyelenggarakan kompetisi liga domestik). Asosiasi dialokasikan tempat berdasarkan [[Koefisien UEFA|Koefisien negara UEFA]] tahun 2009, yang memperhitungkan kinerja mereka di kompetisi Eropa dari tahun 2004–2005 hingga 2008–2009.<ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/~kassiesa/bert/uefa/data/method4/crank2009.html UEFA Country Ranking 2009] Bert Kassies' Site</ref>\n\nDi bawah ini adalah skema kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011:<ref name=\"regulations\">{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|title=Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2010/11|access-date=21 Mei 2010|archive-date=5 Desember 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205051408/http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>\n*Asosiasi 1–3 masing-masing memiliki empat tim yang lolos\n*Asosiasi 4–6 masing-masing memiliki tiga tim yang lolos\n*Asosiasi 7–15 masing-masing memiliki dua tim yang lolos\n*Asosiasi 16–53 masing-masing memiliki satu tim yang lolos (tidak termasuk Liechtenstein)\n\n===Peringkat Asosiasi===\n{|\n|-valign=top\n|\n{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Asosiasi\n!Koef.\n!Tim\n|-\n! 1\n|{{Flagicon|ENG}} [[The Football Association|Inggris]]\n|79.499\n|rowspan=3 align=center|4\n|-\n! 2\n|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|Spanyol]]\n|74.266\n|-\n! 3\n|{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Italian Football Federation|Italia]]\n|62.910\n|-\n! 4\n|{{Flagicon|GER}} [[German Football Association|Jerman]]\n|56.695\n|rowspan=3 align=center|3\n|-\n! 5\n|{{Flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[French Football Federation|Prancis]]\n|50.168\n|-\n! 6\n|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Russian Football Union|Rusia]]\n|47.625\n|-\n! 7\n|{{Flagicon|UKR}} [[Football Federation of Ukraine|Ukraina]]\n|41.850\n|rowspan=9 align=center|2\n|-\n! 8\n|{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Royal Dutch Football Association|Belanda]]\n|39.130\n|-\n! 9\n|{{Flagicon|ROU}} [[Romanian Football Federation|Romania]]\n|38.908\n|-\n! 10\n|{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Portuguese Football Federation|Portugal]]\n|36.462\n|-\n! 11\n|{{Flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkish Football Federation|Turki]]\n|32.225\n|-\n! 12\n|{{Flagicon|GRE}} [[Hellenic Football Federation|Yunani]]\n|28.165\n|-\n! 13\n|{{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Scottish Football Association|Skotlandia]]\n|27.875\n|-\n! 14\n|{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Royal Belgian Football Association|Belgia]]\n|25.325\n|-\n! 15\n|{{Flagicon|SUI}} [[Swiss Football Association|Swiss]]\n|25.250\n|-\n! 16\n|{{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Danish Football Association|Denmark]]\n|24.450\n|rowspan=3 align=center|1\n|-\n! 17\n|{{Flagicon|BUL}} [[Bulgarian Football Union|Bulgaria]]\n|21.250\n|-\n! 18\n|nowrap|{{Flagicon|CZE}} [[Czech Football Association|Republik Ceko]]\n|20.750\n|}\n|\n{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Asosiasi\n!Koef.\n!Tim\n|-\n! 19\n|{{Flagicon|NOR}} [[Football Association of Norway|Norwegia]]\n|18.800\n|rowspan=18 align=center|1\n|-\n! 20\n|{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Austrian Football Association|Austria]]\n|17.825\n|-\n! 21\n|{{Flagicon|SRB|2004}} [[Football Association of Serbia|Serbia]]\n|15.250\n|-\n! 22\n|{{Flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel Football Association|Israel]]\n|15.250\n|-\n! 23\n|{{Flagicon|CYP}} [[Cyprus Football Association|Siprus]]\n|15.082\n|-\n! 24\n|{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Swedish Football Association|Swedia]]\n|14.691\n|-\n! 25\n|{{Flagicon|SVK}} [[Slovak Football Association|Slovakia]]\n|14.665\n|-\n! 26\n|{{Flagicon|POL}} [[Polish Football Association|Polandia]]\n|12.916\n|-\n! 27\n|{{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Croatian Football Federation|Kroasia]]\n|12.332\n|-\n! 28\n|{{Flagicon|FIN}} [[Football Association of Finland|Finlandia]]\n|9.790\n|-\n! 29\n|{{Flagicon|LTU}} [[Lithuanian Football Federation|Lithuania]]\n|9.666\n|-\n! 30\n|{{Flagicon|IRL}} [[Football Association of Ireland|Republik Irlandia]]\n|9.499\n|-\n! 31\n|{{Flagicon|LVA}} [[Latvian Football Federation|Latvia]]\n|9.164\n|-\n! 32\n|{{Flagicon|SVN}} [[Football Association of Slovenia|Slovenia]]\n|9.082\n|-\n! 33\n|{{Flagicon|BLR|1995}} [[Football Federation of Belarus|Belarusia]]\n|8.666\n|-\n! 34\n|nowrap|{{Flagicon|BIH}} [[Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia dan Herzegovina]]\n|8.665\n|-\n! 35\n|{{Flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungarian Football Federation|Hungaria]]\n|8.166\n|-\n! 36\n|{{Flagicon|ISL}} [[Football Association of Iceland|Islandia]]\n|6.665\n|}\n|\n{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Asosiasi\n!Koef.\n!Tim\n|-\n! 37\n|{{Flagicon|MDA}} [[Football Association of Moldova|Moldova]]\n|6.665\n|rowspan=2 align=center|1\n|-\n! 38\n|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Georgian Football Federation|Georgia]]\n|6.664\n|-\n! 39\n|{{Flagicon|LIE}} [[Liechtenstein Football Association|Liechtenstein]]\n|5.500\n|align=center|0\n|-\n! 40\n|{{Flagicon|MKD}} [[Football Federation of Macedonia|Makedonia]]\n|5.165\n|rowspan=14 align=center|1\n|-\n! 41\n|{{Flagicon|AZE}} [[Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]\n|4.498\n|-\n! 42\n|{{Flagicon|EST}} [[Estonian Football Association|Estonia]]\n|4.332\n|-\n! 43\n|{{Flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanian Football Association|Albania]]\n|3.999\n|-\n! 44\n|{{Flagicon|KAZ}} [[Football Federation of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]\n|3.249\n|-\n! 45\n|{{Flagicon|ARM}} [[Football Federation of Armenia|Armenia]]\n|2.999\n|-\n! 46\n|{{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Football Association of Wales|Wales]]\n|2.331\n|-\n! 47\n|{{Flagicon|NIR}} [[Irish Football Association|Irlandia Utara]]\n|2.165\n|-\n! 48\n|nowrap|{{Flagicon|FRO}} [[Faroe Islands Football Association|Kepulauan Faroe]]\n|2.165\n|-\n! 49\n|{{Flagicon|LUX}} [[Luxembourg Football Federation|Luksemburg]]\n|1.332\n|-\n! 50\n|{{Flagicon|MNE}} [[Football Association of Montenegro|Montenegro]]\n|1.000\n|-\n! 51\n|{{Flagicon|AND}} [[Andorran Football Federation|Andorra]]\n|0.500\n|-\n! 52\n|{{Flagicon|MLT}} [[Malta Football Association|Malta]]\n|0.499\n|-\n! 53\n|{{Flagicon|SMR|1862}} [[San Marino Football Federation|San Marino]]\n|0.250\n|}\n{{col-end}}\n\n===Distribusi===\nSejak pemenang [[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010]], [[Inter Milan]], memperoleh tempat di babak penyisihan grup melalui penempatan liga domestik mereka, tempat pemegang gelar yang dicadangkan di babak grup secara efektif dikosongkan. Untuk kompensasi:<ref name=\"access\">{{cite web|title=2010/11 Champions League access list and calendar|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/accesslist/|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>\n* Juara asosiasi 13 (Skotlandia) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi ketiga ke babak grup.\n* Juara asosiasi 16 (Denmark) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi kedua ke babak kualifikasi ketiga.\n* Juara asosiasi 48 dan 49 (Kepulauan Faroe dan Luksemburg) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi pertama ke babak kualifikasi kedua.\n\n{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:85%\"\n|-\n!colspan=2|\n!Tim yang masuk di babak ini\n!Tim maju dari babak sebelumnya\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak kualifikasi pertama<br> (4 tim)\n|\n*4 juara dari asosiasi 50–53\n|\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak kualifikasi kedua<br> (34 tim)\n|\n*32 juara dari asosiasi 17–49 (kecuali Liechtenstein)\n|\n*2 pemenang dari babak kualifikasi pertama\n|-\n!rowspan=2|Babak kualifikasi ketiga\n!Juara<br>(20 tim)\n|\n*3 juara dari asosiasi 14–16\n|\n*17 pemenang dari babak kualifikasi kedua\n|-\n!Non-juara<br>(10 tim)\n|\n*9 runner-up dari asosiasi 7–15\n*1 tim peringkat ketiga dari asosiasi 6\n|\n|-\n!rowspan=2|Babak play-off\n!Juara<br>(10 tim)\n|\n|\n*10 pemenang babak kualifikasi ketiga untuk juara\n|-\n!Non-juara<br>(10 tim)\n|\n*2 tim peringkat ketiga dari asosiasi 4 dan 5\n*3 tim peringkat keempat dari asosiasi 1–3\n|\n*5 pemenang babak kualifikasi ketiga untuk non-juara\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak grup<br> (32 tim)\n|\n*13 juara dari asosiasi 1–13\n*6 runner-up dari asosiasi 1–6\n*3 tim peringkat ketiga dari asosiasi 1–3\n|\n*5 pemenang dari babak play-off untuk juara\n*5 pemenang dari babak play-off untuk non-juara\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak gugur<br>(16 tim)\n|\n|\n*8 pemenang grup dari babak grup\n*8 runner-up grup dari babak grup\n|}\n\n===Tim===\nPosisi liga musim sebelumnya ditunjukkan dalam tanda kurung.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1479428.html|title=2010/11 UEFA Champions League list of participants|publisher=UEFA.com|date=17 November 2010}}</ref>\n\n<span id=\"TH\"></span><sup>TH</sup> Juara Bertahan\n{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak grup\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<sup>[[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010|TH]]</sup> {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] {{small|([[Ligue 1 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[CFR Cluj]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|Roma]] {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Rubin Kazan|Rubin Kazan]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Bursaspor]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] {{small|([[Bundesliga 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] {{small|([[Bundesliga 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|NED}} [[FC Twente|Twente]] {{small|([[Eredivisie 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] {{small|([[Ligue 1 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|colspan=2|\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak play-off\n|-\n!Juara\n!colspan=3|Non-Juara\n|-\n|rowspan=2|\n|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|4th]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|4th]])}}\n|{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[AJ Auxerre|Auxerre]] {{small|([[Ligue 1 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|4th]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GER}} [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] {{small|([[Bundesliga 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak kualifikasi ketiga\n|-\n!Juara\n!colspan=3|Non-Juara\n|-\n|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Zenit St. Petersburg]] {{small|(3rd)}}\n|{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.C. Braga|Braga]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] {{small|([[Eredivisie 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[P.A.O.K. F.C.|PAOK]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|-\n|\n|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[FC Unirea Urziceni|Unirea Urziceni]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|colspan=2|\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak kualifikasi kedua\n|-\n|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[PFC Litex Lovech|Litex Lovech]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|SVK}} [[MŠK Žilina|Žilina]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|BLR|1995}} [[FC BATE Borisov|BATE Borisov]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|EST}} [[FC Levadia Tallinn|Levadia]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|CZE}} [[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Prague]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Lech Poznań]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|BIH}} [[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|Željezničar]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Dinamo Tirana]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Rosenborg BK|Rosenborg]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Debreceni VSC|Debrecen]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[FC Aktobe|Aktobe]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|FIN}} [[HJK Helsinki|HJK]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar|FH]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Pyunik F.C.|Pyunik]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|SRB|2004}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[FK Ekranas|Ekranas]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|MDA}} [[FC Sheriff Tiraspol|Sheriff Tiraspol]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemians]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|GEO}} [[FC Olimpi Rustavi|Olimpi Rustavi]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|CYP}} [[AC Omonia|Omonia]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|LVA}} [[FK Liepājas Metalurgs|Liepājas Metalurgs]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|MKD}} [[KF Renova|Renova]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|FRO}} [[Havnar Bóltfelag|HB Tórshavn]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[AIK Fotboll|AIK]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|SVN}} [[FC Koper|Koper]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|AZE}} [[FC Inter Baku|Inter Baku]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Jeunesse Esch]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak kualifikasi pertama\n|-\n|{{flagicon|MNE}} [[FK Rudar Pljevlja|Rudar Pljevlja]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|AND}} [[FC Santa Coloma]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|MLT}} [[Birkirkara F.C.|Birkirkara]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|SMR|1862}} [[S.P. Tre Fiori|Tre Fiori]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|}\n\n==Jadwal==\nSeluruh undian dilakukan di kantor pusat UEFA di [[Nyon]], [[Swiss]] kecuali dinyatakan lain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid=1478141.html|title=2010/11 draw and match calendar|access-date=24 Juni 2010|archive-date=11 Oktober 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234231/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid%3D1478141.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%; text-align:center\"\n|-\n! Fase\n! Babak\n! Jadwal undian\n! Leg 1\n! Leg 2\n|-\n| rowspan=3| Kualifikasi\n| Babak kualifikasi pertama\n| rowspan=2| 21 Juni 2010\n| 29–30 Juni 2010\n| 6–7 Juli 2010\n|-\n| Babak kualifikasi kedua\n| 13–14 Juli 2010\n| 20–21 Juli 2010\n|-\n| Babak kualifikasi ketiga\n| 16 Juli 2010\n| 27–28 Juli 2010\n| 3–4 Agustus 2010\n|-\n| Play-off\n| Babak play-off\n| 6 Agustus 2010\n| 17–18 Agustus 2010\n| 24–25 Agustus 2010\n|-\n| rowspan=6| Babak grup\n| Pertandingan 1\n| rowspan=6| 26 Agustus 2010<br>([[Monaco]])\n|colspan=2| 14–15 September 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 2\n|colspan=2| 28–29 September 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 3\n|colspan=2| 19–20 Oktober 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 4\n|colspan=2| 2–3 November 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 5\n|colspan=2| 23–24 November 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 6\n|colspan=2| 7–8 Desember 2010\n|-\n|rowspan=4| Babak gugur\n| Babak 16 besar\n| 17 Desember 2010\n| 15–16 & 22–23 Februari 2011\n| 8–9 & 15–16 Maret 2011\n|-\n| Perempat final\n|rowspan=3| 18 Maret 2011\n| 5–6 April 2011\n| 12–13 April 2011\n|-\n| Semifinal\n| 26–27 April 2011\n| 3–4 Mei 2011\n|-\n| Final\n|colspan=2| 28 Mei 2011 di [[Wembley Stadium]], [[London]]\n|}\n\n==Babak kualifikasi==\n{{Main|Babak kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011}}\n\nPada babak kualifikasi dan play-off, tim bermain melawan satu sama lain dalam [[pertandingan dua leg|dua leg]] dengan sistem kandang dan tandang.\n\nPengundian untuk dua babak kualifikasi pertama diadakan pada tanggal 21 Juni 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Michael Heselschwerdt, Ketua Kompetisi Klub,<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 Juni 2010|title=Draws for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League 2010/11|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/49/85/12/1498512_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e6-0ea18682e910-89a15760bb11-1000--draws-kick-off-race-to-london/|title=Draws kick off race to London|date=21 Juni 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> sedangkan pengundian babak kualifikasi ketiga dilakukan pada 16 Juli 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Giorgio Marchetti, Direktur Kompetisi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 Juli 2010|title=Draws for the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/50/41/87/1504187_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e7-0e74e2b37c96-e0c1f66cdce0-1000--debutants-braga-handed-celtic-test/|title=Debutants Braga handed Celtic test|date=16 Juli 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>\n\n===Babak kualifikasi pertama===\nLeg pertama rencananya akan dimainkan pada tanggal 29 dan 30 Juni, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada tanggal 6 dan 7 Juli 2010. Namun, pertandingan pertama FC Santa Coloma vs. Birkirkara pada 29 Juni dibatalkan karena lapangan dinyatakan tidak layak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/uefa-cancels-bkara-match-because-pitch-unfit.315395|title=UEFA cancels B'Kara match because pitch unfit|website=Times of Malta}}</ref>\n{{#lst:Babak kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|Q1}}\n\n===Babak kualifikasi kedua===\nLeg pertama dimainkan pada 13 dan 14 Juli, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada 20 dan 21 Juli 2010.\n{{#lst:Babak kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|Q2}}\n===Babak kualifikasi ketiga===\nBabak kualifikasi ketiga dibagi menjadi dua bagian terpisah: satu untuk juara dan satu lagi untuk non-juara. Tim yang kalah di kedua babak akan mengikuti [[Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011#Babak play-off|babak play-off Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011]]. Leg pertama dimainkan pada tanggal 27 dan 28 Juli, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada tanggal 3 dan 4 Agustus 2010.\n{{#lst:Babak kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|Q3}}\n\n==Babak play-off==\n{{main|Babak kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011#Babak play-off|l1=Babak Play-off Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011}}\nPengundian untuk babak play-off dilakukan pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2010 oleh Sekertaris Jenderal UEFA, Gianni Infantino dan Direktur Kompetisi UEFA, Giorgio Marchetti.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 Juli 2010|title=Draws for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/50/85/27/1508527_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e8-0e75103f996c-164a8f652282-1000--derbies-add-spice-to-play-off-draw/|title=Derbies add spice to play-off draw|date=6 Agustus 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Babak play-off juga dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu jalur juara dan jalur non-juara. Tim yang kalah akan mengikuti [[Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011|Babak grup Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011]]. Leg pertama dilakukan pada tanggal 17 dan 18 Agustus sedangkan leg kedua akan dilakukan pada tanggal 24 dan 25 Agustus 2010.\n\nMenindaklanjuti uji coba yang dilakukan pada [[Liga Eropa UEFA 2009–2010]], UEFA mengumumkan untuk menggunakan tambahan dua orang asisten wasit yang ditempatkan pada masing masing garis gawang pada musim 2010–2011 ini dan musim [[Liga Champions UEFA 2011–2012|2011–2012]] yang akan datang sebagai uji coba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0252-0ce1fa43099d-a7161bbf372c-1000--uefa-welcomes-ifab-referee-trial-decision/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723003628/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/footballfirst/matchorganisation/refereeing/news/newsid%3D1506902.html|url-status=dead|title=UEFA welcomes IFAB referee trial decision|date=22 Juli 2010|archivedate=23 Juli 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>\n{{#lst:Babak kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|PO}}\n\n== Babak grup ==\n{{Main|Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011}}\n{{Location map+ |Europe |width=500 |float=right |caption=Lokasi tim di babak grup '''Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011'''.<br />[[File:Brown pog.svg|8px]] Coklat: Grup A; [[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] Merah: Grup B; [[File:Orange pog.svg|8px]] Oranye: Grup C; [[File:Yellow pog.svg|8px]] Kuning: Grup D;<br /> [[File:Green pog.svg|8px]] Hijau: Grup E; [[File:Blue pog.svg|8px]] Biru: Grup F; [[File:Purple pog.svg|8px]] Ungu: Grup G; [[File:Pink pog.svg|8px]] Merah muda: Grup H.\n|places=\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=55.702469|long=12.572203|label_size=70|label=[[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]]|mark=Yellow_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.481667|long=-0.191111|label=<!--{{small|Chelsea}}-->|mark=Black_pog.svg|position=bottom}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.481667|long=-0.191111|label=<!--{{small|Arsenal}}-->|mark=Black_pog.svg|position=left}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.481667|long=-0.191111|label_size=70|label='''London'''<!--Tottenham-->|mark=Black_pog.svg|position=top}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=53.463056|long=-2.291389|label_size=70|label=[[Manchester United F.C.|Man United]]|mark=Orange_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=39.474656|long=-0.358361|label_size=70|label=[[Valencia CF|Valencia]]|mark=Orange_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=40.45306|long=-3.68835|label_size=70|label=[[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]|mark=Purple_pog.svg|position=top}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=41.38087|long=2.122802|label_size=70|label=[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]|mark=Yellow_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=43.269722|long=5.395833|label_size=70|label=[[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|mark=Blue_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=45.723889|long=4.832222|label_size=70|label=[[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]|mark=Red_pog.svg|position=left}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=47.786753|long=3.588664|label_size=70|label=[[AJ Auxerre|Auxerre]]|mark=Purple_pog.svg|position=left}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.218775|long=11.624753|label_size=70|label=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern]]|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.554503|long=7.067589|label_size=70|label=[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke]]|mark=Red_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=53.066394|long=8.837628|label_size=70|label=[[SV Werder Bremen|Bremen]]|mark=Brown_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=37.987169|long=23.754194|label_size=70|label=[[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]]|mark=Yellow_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=32.051728|long=34.761439|label_size=70|label=[[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|H. Tel Aviv]]|mark=Red_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=41.933886|long=12.454786|label_size=70|label=[[A.S. Roma|AS Roma]]|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=45.47808|long=9.124|label_size=70|label='''Milan'''<!--Milan-->|mark=Black_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=45.47808|long=9.124|label=<!--{{small|Inter Milan]}}-->|mark=Black_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=52.236667|long=6.8375|label_size=70|label=[[FC Twente|Twente]]|mark=Brown_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=52.314167|long=4.941944|label_size=70|label=[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|mark=Purple_pog.svg|position=top}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=38.752678|long=-9.184681|label_size=70|label=[[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]|mark=Red_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=41.5624|long=-8.4308|label_size=70|label=[[S.C. Braga|Braga]]|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=top}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=46.779678|long=23.577247|label_size=70|label=[[CFR Cluj|CFR]]|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=55.8175|long=37.435556|label_size=70|label=[[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak]]|mark=Blue_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=55.818837|long=49.158497|label_size=70|label=[[FC Rubin Kazan|Rubin]]|mark=Yellow_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=55.853206|long=-4.309258|label_size=70|label=[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]|mark=Orange_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=44.788744|long=20.459097|label_size=70|label=[[FK Partizan|Partizan]]|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=47.541575|long=7.620181|label_size=70|label=[[FC Basel|Basel]]|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=49.229119|long=18.744789|label_size=70|label=[[MŠK Žilina|Žilina]]|mark=Blue_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=40.210778|long=29.009333|label_size=70|label=[[Bursaspor]]|mark=Orange_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.020833|long=37.809722|label_size=70|label=[[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar]]|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=right}}\n{{Location map~|Europe|mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png|marksize=1|lat=67|long=-26|label=\n\n<div style=\"font-size:75%;\">{{nowrap|'''Tim Milan'''}}<br />\n{{nowrap|[[File:Brown pog.svg|8px]] [[Inter Milan]]<br />\n[[File:Purple pog.svg|8px]] [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]]}}\n</div>\n\n<div style=\"font-size:75%;\">{{nowrap|'''Tim London'''}}<br />\n{{nowrap|[[File:Pink pog.svg|8px]] [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]<br />\n[[File:Blue pog.svg|8px]] [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]<br />\n[[File:Brown pog.svg|8px]] [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]}}\n</div>\n\n|position=right}}\n}}\n\n32 klub ditarik ke dalam delapan kelompok empat pada 26 Agustus 2010 di Monako.<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1519099.html Newcomers stand in Inter's path]</ref> Di setiap kelompok, tim bermain melawan satu sama lain di kandang dan tandang dalam [[sistem kompetisi]]. Hari pertandingan adalah 14–15 September, 28–29 September, 19–20 Oktober, 2–3 November, 23–24 November, dan 7–8 Desember 2010. Pemenang grup dan peringkat kedua maju ke babak 16, sementara tim yang berada diposisi ketiga memasuki [[Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011|babak 32 besar Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011]].\n\nJika dua atau lebih tim sama pada poin pada penyelesaian pertandingan grup, kriteria berikut diterapkan untuk menentukan peringkat (dalam urutan menurun):<ref name=\"regulations\">[http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2010/11]</ref>\n\n#Jumlah poin yang diperoleh dalam pertandingan grup yang dimainkan diantara tim yang bersangkutan;\n#Selisih gol dari pertandingan grup yang dimainkan diantara tim yang bersangkutan;\n#Jumlah gol dari pertandingan kandang yang dimainkan diantara tim-tim yang dipertanyakan;\n#Selisih gol dari semua pertandingan grup yang dimainkan;\n#Jumlah gol yang dicetak;\n#Jumlah poin koefisien yang diakumulasikan oleh klub tersebut, serta asosiasinya, selama lima musim sebelumnya.\n\nDari 32 klub peserta babak grup ini ada enam klub yang baru mengikuti untuk pertama kalinya yaitu [[Bursaspor]], [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]], [[S.C. Braga|Braga]], [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], [[FC Twente|Twente]] dan [[MŠK Žilina|Žilina]].\n\n=== Grup A ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup A}}\n\n=== Grup B ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup B}}\n\n=== Grup C ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup C}}\n\n=== Grup D ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup D}}\n\n=== Grup E ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup E}}\n\n=== Grup F ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup F}}\n\n=== Grup G ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup G}}\n\n=== Grup H ===\n{{:Babak grup Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|show_matches=y|transcludesection=Grup H}}\n\n==Babak gugur==\n{{Main|Babak gugur Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011}}\nPada babak gugur ini, masing-masing klub bermain secara kandang dan tandang, kecuali partai final yang dimainkan di tempat netral.\n\nPengundian babak 16 besar dilakukan pada 17 Desember 2011.<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1580077.html Holders Inter face Bayern in final rematch]</ref> Pengundian untuk babak perempatfinal, semifinal dan final (untuk menentukan tim \"tuan rumah\") dilakukan pada 18 Maret 2012.<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1609215.html Champions League quarter-final draw]</ref>\n\nPada pengundian babak 16 besar, delapan klub masuk sebagai unggulan sisanya non-unggulan. Klub unggulan diundi menghadapi klub non-unggulan, di mana klub unggulan menjadi tuan rumah pada pertandingan kedua. Klub dari grup yang sama maupun dari asosiasi yang sama tidak dipertemukan satu sama lain. Untuk pengundian babak perempatfinal dan seterusnya pembatasan tersebut tidak dilakukan.\n\n===Bracket===\n{{#section-h:Babak gugur Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|Bracket}}\n\n===Babak 16 besar===\nLeg pertama dilaksanakan pada tanggal 15, 16, 22 dan 23 Februari, dan leg kedua dilaksankan pada 8, 9, 15 dan 16 Maret 2011.\n{{#section:Babak gugur Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|R16}}\n\n===Perempat final===\nLeg pertama dilaksanakan pada 5 dan 6 April, sedangkan leg kedua pada 12 dan 13 April 2011.\n{{#section:Babak gugur Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|QF}}\n\n===Semifinal===\nLeg pertama dilaksanakan pada 26 dan 27 April sedangkan leg kedua dilakukan pada 3 and 4 Mei 2011.\n{{#section:Babak gugur Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011|SF}}\n\n=== Final ===\n{{main|Final Liga Champions UEFA 2011}}\nFinal dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 Mei 2011 di [[Stadion Wembley]], [[London]], [[Inggris]].\n{{:Final Liga Champions UEFA 2011}}\n\n== Statistik ==\nStatistik mengecualikan babak kualifikasi dan babak ''play-off''.\n\n{{col-start}}\n{{col-2}}\n\n=== Pencetak gol terbanyak ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center\"\n|-\n!Peringkat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/statistics/round=2000118/players/type=topscorers/index.html |title=Goals scored |date=15 September 2010 |accessdate=15 September 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917235348/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/statistics/round%3D2000118/players/type%3Dtopscorers/index.html |archivedate=17 September 2010 |url-status = live|df= }}</ref>\n!Pemain\n!Tim\n!Gol\n!Menit bermain\n|-\n|1\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Lionel Messi]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|12\n|1098\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mario Gómez]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern München|Bayern München]]\n|rowspan=2|8\n|634\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]]\n|937\n|-\n|4\n|align=left|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nicolas Anelka]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]\n|7\n|600\n|-\n|rowspan=3|5\n|align=left|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Karim Benzema]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]\n|rowspan=3|6\n|398\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Soldado]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]\n|438\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]\n|1067\n|-\n|rowspan=2|8\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma|Pedro]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|rowspan=2|5\n|812\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Raúl González|Raúl]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]\n|1130\n|-\n|rowspan=10|10\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Eduardo da Silva|Eduardo]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]\n|rowspan=10|4\n|279\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marco Borriello]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|AS Roma]]\n|554\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Javier Hernández]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|582\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Crouch]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]\n|604\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]]\n|689\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Gareth Bale]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]\n|770\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luiz Adriano]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]\n|833\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wayne Rooney]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|839\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|PER}} [[Jefferson Farfán]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]\n|847\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Villa]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|954\n|}\n*<small>Sumber: [http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2011/md13_1_6.pdf Top Scorers – Final – Saturday 28 May 2011 (after match)] ''(diakses 28 Mei 2011)''</small>\n{{col-2}}\n\n=== Pengumpan terbanyak ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center\"\n|-\n!Peringkat\n!Pemain\n!Tim\n!''Assist''\n!Menit bermain\n|-\n|1\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mesut Özil]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]\n|6\n|804\n|-\n|rowspan=6|2\n|align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Carlos Jorge Neto Martins|Carlos Martins]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]\n|rowspan=6|5\n|435\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Ryan Giggs]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|576\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aaron Lennon]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]\n|646\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Darijo Srna]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]\n|810\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Andrés Iniesta]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|898\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]]\n|900\n|-\n|8\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Emmanuel Culio]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[CFR Cluj]]\n|4\n|524\n|}\n\n{{col-end}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010]]\n* [[Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011]]\n* [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2011]]\n* [[Piala Super UEFA 2011]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n*[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/matches/all/index.html Semua pertandingan musim 2010–2011 di situs web UEFA]\n*[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/index.html Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011], UEFA.com\n* Semua pencetak gol Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 (tidak termasuk babak kualifikasi) menurut [http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/statistics/round=2000118/players/type=topscorers/index.html protokol UEFA] + semua pencetak gol [http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/statistics/round=2000114/players/type=topscorers/index.html babak kualifikasi]\n* [http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/history/season=2011/intro.html Liga Champions 2010/2011]{{Dead link|date=April 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} - hasil dan susunan pemain (arsip)\n\n{{Musim Liga Champions UEFA}}\n\n[[Kategori:Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011| ]]\n[[Kategori:Musim Liga Champions UEFA|2010]]\n[[Kategori:Sepak bola dalam tahun 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Sepak bola dalam tahun 2011]]","hash":"56639d4ed13d34b122427395f190f5e6c0809c336eaf5d6c0de7d9f5bc533ab6","last_revision":"2024-01-17T13:04:38Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T08:25:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.306182","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"دوري أبطال أوروبا 2010–11","az":"UEFA Çempionlar Liqası 2010/2011","bg":"Шампионска лига 2010/11","bs":"UEFA Liga prvaka 2010/2011.","ca":"Lliga de Campions de la UEFA 2010-11","ckb":"خولی پاڵەوانەکانی ئەورووپای ٢٠١٠-٢٠١١","cs":"Liga mistrů UEFA 2010/2011","da":"UEFA Champions League 2010-11","de":"UEFA Champions League 2010/11","el":"ΟΥΕΦΑ Τσάμπιονς Λιγκ 2010-11","en":"2010–11 UEFA Champions League","es":"Liga de Campeones de la UEFA 2010-11","et":"UEFA Meistrite Liiga 2010–2011","fa":"لیگ قهرمانان اروپا ۱۱–۲۰۱۰","fi":"Mestarien liigan kausi 2010–2011","fr":"Ligue des champions de l'UEFA 2010-2011","gl":"Liga de Campións da UEFA 2010-11","he":"עונת 2010/2011 בליגת האלופות","hr":"UEFA Liga prvaka 2010./11.","hu":"2010–2011-es UEFA-bajnokok ligája","hy":"ՈՒԵՖԱ Չեմպիոնների Լիգա 2010-2011","it":"UEFA Champions League 2010-2011","ja":"UEFAチャンピオンズリーグ 2010-11","kk":"УЕФА Чемпиондар Лигасы 2010/11","ko":"2010-11년 UEFA 챔피언스리그","ku":"Lîga Şampiyonên UEFA'yê ya 2010/2011","lmo":"UEFA Champions League 2010-2011","lt":"2010–2011 m. UEFA čempionų lyga","lv":"2010.—2011. gada UEFA Čempionu līgas sezona","mk":"УЕФА Лига на шампиони 2010/11","mn":"2010-11 оны УЕФА Аваргуудын Лиг","ms":"Liga Juara-Juara UEFA 2010-11","mt":"UEFA Champions League 2010–11","mzn":"یوفا چمپیونز لیگ ۱۱–۲۰۱۰","nl":"UEFA Champions League 2010/11","nn":"Meisterligaen 2011","nb":"Mesterligaen 2010/2011","pl":"Liga Mistrzów UEFA (2010/2011)","pt":"Liga dos Campeões da UEFA de 2010–11","ro":"Liga Campionilor 2010-2011","ru":"Лига чемпионов УЕФА 2010/2011","sk":"Liga majstrov UEFA 2010/2011","sr":"УЕФА Лига шампиона 2010/11.","sv":"Uefa Champions League 2010/2011","th":"ยูฟ่าแชมเปียนส์ลีก ฤดูกาล 2010–11","tr":"2010-11 UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi","uk":"Ліга чемпіонів УЄФА 2010—2011","vi":"UEFA Champions League 2010–11","zh":"2010年至2011年歐洲冠軍聯賽","zh-yue":"2010–11年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 adalah musim ke 56 dari kompetisi klub sepak bola tertinggi di Eropa dan musim ke-19 di bawah format Liga Champions UEFA. Final bertempat di Stadion Wembley di London, Inggris, di mana Barcelona mengalahkan Manchester United dengan skor 3–1. Inter Milan hadir sebagai juara bertahan namun kalah dari Schalke 04 pada babak perempat final.\n\nBarcelona selaku juara berhak mengikuti Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2011 dan Piala Super UEFA 2011 di mana mereka kemudian juga berhasil meraih gelar juara pada kedua kompetisi tersebut.\n\nSebanyak 76 tim berpartisipasi di Liga Champions 2010–2011, dari 52 asosiasi UEFA (Liechtenstein tidak menyelenggarakan kompetisi liga domestik). Asosiasi dialokasikan tempat berdasarkan Koefisien negara UEFA tahun 2009, yang memperhitungkan kinerja mereka di kompetisi Eropa dari tahun 2004–2005 hingga 2008–2009.\n\nDi bawah ini adalah skema kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011: Asosiasi 1–3 masing-masing memiliki empat tim yang lolos Asosiasi 4–6 masing-masing memiliki tiga tim yang lolos Asosiasi 7–15 masing-masing memiliki dua tim yang lolos Asosiasi 16–53 masing-masing memiliki satu tim yang lolos (tidak termasuk Liechtenstein)\n\n{| |-valign=top |\n\n|\n\n|\n\nSejak pemenang Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010, Inter Milan, memperoleh tempat di babak penyisihan grup melalui penempatan liga domestik mereka, tempat pemegang gelar yang dicadangkan di babak grup secara efektif dikosongkan. Untuk kompensasi: Juara asosiasi 13 (Skotlandia) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi ketiga ke babak grup. Juara asosiasi 16 (Denmark) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi kedua ke babak kualifikasi ketiga. Juara asosiasi 48 dan 49 (Kepulauan Faroe dan Luksemburg) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi pertama ke babak kualifikasi kedua.\n\nPosisi liga musim sebelumnya ditunjukkan dalam tanda kurung.\n\nTH Juara Bertahan\n\nSeluruh undian dilakukan di kantor pusat UEFA di Nyon, Swiss kecuali dinyatakan lain.\n\nPada babak kualifikasi dan play-off, tim bermain melawan satu sama lain dalam dua leg dengan sistem kandang dan tandang.\n\nPengundian untuk dua babak kualifikasi pertama diadakan pada tanggal 21 Juni 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Michael Heselschwerdt, Ketua Kompetisi Klub, sedangkan pengundian babak kualifikasi ketiga dilakukan pada 16 Juli 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Giorgio Marchetti, Direktur Kompetisi.\n\nLeg pertama rencananya akan dimainkan pada tanggal 29 dan 30 Juni, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada tanggal 6 dan 7 Juli 2010. Namun, pertandingan pertama FC Santa Coloma vs. Birkirkara pada 29 Juni dibatalkan karena lapangan dinyatakan tidak layak.\n\nLeg pertama dimainkan pada 13 dan 14 Juli, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada 20 dan 21 Juli 2010.\n\nBabak kualifikasi ketiga dibagi menjadi dua bagian terpisah: satu untuk juara dan satu lagi untuk non-juara. Tim yang kalah di kedua babak akan mengikuti babak play-off Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011. Leg pertama dimainkan pada tanggal 27 dan 28 Juli, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada tanggal 3 dan 4 Agustus 2010.\n\nPengundian untuk babak play-off dilakukan pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2010 oleh Sekertaris Jenderal UEFA, Gianni Infantino dan Direktur Kompetisi UEFA, Giorgio Marchetti. Babak play-off juga dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu jalur juara dan jalur non-juara. Tim yang kalah akan mengikuti Babak grup Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011. Leg pertama dilakukan pada tanggal 17 dan 18 Agustus sedangkan leg kedua akan dilakukan pada tanggal 24 dan 25 Agustus 2010.\n\nMenindaklanjuti uji coba yang dilakukan pada Liga Eropa UEFA 2009–2010, UEFA mengumumkan untuk menggunakan tambahan dua orang asisten wasit yang ditempatkan pada masing masing garis gawang pada musim 2010–2011 ini dan musim 2011–2012 yang akan datang sebagai uji coba.\n\n32 klub ditarik ke dalam delapan kelompok empat pada 26 Agustus 2010 di Monako. Di setiap kelompok, tim bermain melawan satu sama lain di kandang dan tandang dalam sistem kompetisi. Hari pertandingan adalah 14–15 September, 28–29 September, 19–20 Oktober, 2–3 November, 23–24 November, dan 7–8 Desember 2010. Pemenang grup dan peringkat kedua maju ke babak 16, sementara tim yang berada diposisi ketiga memasuki babak 32 besar Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011.\n\nJika dua atau lebih tim sama pada poin pada penyelesaian pertandingan grup, kriteria berikut diterapkan untuk menentukan peringkat (dalam urutan menurun):\n\nJumlah poin yang diperoleh dalam pertandingan grup yang dimainkan diantara tim yang bersangkutan; Selisih gol dari pertandingan grup yang dimainkan diantara tim yang bersangkutan; Jumlah gol dari pertandingan kandang yang dimainkan diantara tim-tim yang dipertanyakan; Selisih gol dari semua pertandingan grup yang dimainkan; Jumlah gol yang dicetak; Jumlah poin koefisien yang diakumulasikan oleh klub tersebut, serta asosiasinya, selama lima musim sebelumnya.\n\nDari 32 klub peserta babak grup ini ada enam klub yang baru mengikuti untuk pertama kalinya yaitu Bursaspor, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Braga, Tottenham Hotspur, Twente dan Žilina.\n\nPada babak gugur ini, masing-masing klub bermain secara kandang dan tandang, kecuali partai final yang dimainkan di tempat netral.\n\nPengundian babak 16 besar dilakukan pada 17 Desember 2011. Pengundian untuk babak perempatfinal, semifinal dan final (untuk menentukan tim \"tuan rumah\") dilakukan pada 18 Maret 2012.\n\nPada pengundian babak 16 besar, delapan klub masuk sebagai unggulan sisanya non-unggulan. Klub unggulan diundi menghadapi klub non-unggulan, di mana klub unggulan menjadi tuan rumah pada pertandingan kedua. Klub dari grup yang sama maupun dari asosiasi yang sama tidak dipertemukan satu sama lain. Untuk pengundian babak perempatfinal dan seterusnya pembatasan tersebut tidak dilakukan.\n\nLeg pertama dilaksanakan pada tanggal 15, 16, 22 dan 23 Februari, dan leg kedua dilaksankan pada 8, 9, 15 dan 16 Maret 2011.\n\nLeg pertama dilaksanakan pada 5 dan 6 April, sedangkan leg kedua pada 12 dan 13 April 2011.\n\nLeg pertama dilaksanakan pada 26 dan 27 April sedangkan leg kedua dilakukan pada 3 and 4 Mei 2011.\n\nFinal dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 Mei 2011 di Stadion Wembley, London, Inggris.\n\nStatistik mengecualikan babak kualifikasi dan babak play-off.\n\nSumber: Top Scorers – Final – Saturday 28 May 2011 (after match) (diakses 28 Mei 2011)\n\nLiga Champions UEFA 2009–2010 Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2011 Piala Super UEFA 2011\n\nSemua pertandingan musim 2010–2011 di situs web UEFA Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011, UEFA.com Semua pencetak gol Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 (tidak termasuk babak kualifikasi) menurut protokol UEFA + semua pencetak gol babak kualifikasi Liga Champions 2010/2011 - hasil dan susunan pemain (arsip)\n\nKategori:Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 2010 Kategori:Sepak bola dalam tahun 2010 Kategori:Sepak bola dalam tahun 2011\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox International Football Competition\n| tourney_name   = Liga Champions UEFA\n| year           = 2010–2011\n| image          = Wembley-Stadion 2013 16x10.jpg\n| size           = 275px\n| caption        = [[Wembley Stadium]] di [[London]] menjadi tuan rumah final\n| dates          =''Kualifikasi:''<br>29 Juni – 25 Agustus 2010<br>''Kompetisi utama:''<br>14 September 2010 – 28 Mei 2011\n| num_teams      = ''Kompetisi utama:'' 32<br>''Total:'' 76\n| associations   = 52\n| champion_other = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n| count          = 4\n| second_other   = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n| matches        = 125\n| goals          = 355\n| attendance     = \n| top_scorer     = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Lionel Messi]] {{small|(12 gol)}}}}\n| player         = \n| prevseason     = [[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010|2009–2010]]\n| nextseason     = [[Liga Champions UEFA 2011–2012|2011–2012]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 adalah musim ke 56 dari kompetisi klub sepak bola tertinggi di Eropa dan musim ke-19 di bawah format Liga Champions UEFA.","translated_text":"The 2010-2011 UEFA Champions League was the 56th season of Europe's highest football club competition and the 19th season under the UEFA Champions League format.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Final bertempat di Stadion Wembley di London, Inggris, di mana Barcelona mengalahkan Manchester United dengan skor 3–1.","translated_text":"The final took place at Wembley Stadium in London, England, where Barcelona defeated Manchester United by a score of 3 ⁇ 1.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7858932.stm Wembley to host 2011 Euro final] BBC Sport, 29 Januari 2009</ref>","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7858932.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":55202,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.044362-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Inter Milan hadir sebagai juara bertahan namun kalah dari Schalke 04 pada babak perempat final.","translated_text":"Inter Milan were the defending champions but lost to Schalke 04 in the quarter-finals.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Barcelona selaku juara berhak mengikuti Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2011 dan Piala Super UEFA 2011 di mana mereka kemudian juga berhasil meraih gelar juara pada kedua kompetisi tersebut.","translated_text":"Barcelona as champions qualified for the 2011 FIFA World Cup and the 2011 UEFA Super Cup where they also won the title in both competitions.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Alokasi tim asosiasi","translated_text":"Allocation of associate teams","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebanyak 76 tim berpartisipasi di Liga Champions 2010–2011, dari 52 asosiasi UEFA (Liechtenstein tidak menyelenggarakan kompetisi liga domestik).","translated_text":"A total of 76 teams participated in the 2010-2011 Champions League, from 52 UEFA associations (Liechtenstein did not host domestic league competitions).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asosiasi dialokasikan tempat berdasarkan Koefisien negara UEFA tahun 2009, yang memperhitungkan kinerja mereka di kompetisi Eropa dari tahun 2004–2005 hingga 2008–2009.","translated_text":"Associations are allocated places based on the UEFA Country Coefficient of 2009, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2004 ⁇ 2005 to 2008 ⁇ 2009.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/~kassiesa/bert/uefa/data/method4/crank2009.html UEFA Country Ranking 2009] Bert Kassies' Site</ref>","char_index":168,"name":null,"url":"http://www.xs4all.nl/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":22430,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.498295-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.264404296875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah skema kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011: Asosiasi 1–3 masing-masing memiliki empat tim yang lolos Asosiasi 4–6 masing-masing memiliki tiga tim yang lolos Asosiasi 7–15 masing-masing memiliki dua tim yang lolos Asosiasi 16–53 masing-masing memiliki satu tim yang lolos (tidak termasuk Liechtenstein)","translated_text":"Below is the UEFA Champions League qualification scheme 2010 ⁇ 2011: Association 1 ⁇ 3 each has four qualifying teams Association 4 ⁇ 6 each has three qualifying teams Association 7 ⁇ 15 each has two qualifying teams Association 16 ⁇ 53 each has one qualifying team (excluding Liechtenstein)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"regulations\">{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|title=Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2010/11|access-date=21 Mei 2010|archive-date=5 Desember 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205051408/http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"regulations","url":"http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.864337-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"regulations\">{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|title=Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2010/11|access-date=21 Mei 2010|archive-date=5 Desember 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205051408/http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"regulations","url":"http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.864337-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peringkat Asosiasi","translated_text":"The ranking of the Association","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{| |-valign=top |","translated_text":"You're the one who's worth it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Asosiasi\n!Koef.\n!Tim\n|-\n! 1\n|{{Flagicon|ENG}} [[The Football Association|Inggris]]\n|79.499\n|rowspan=3 align=center|4\n|-\n! 2\n|{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|Spanyol]]\n|74.266\n|-\n! 3\n|{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Italian Football Federation|Italia]]\n|62.910\n|-\n! 4\n|{{Flagicon|GER}} [[German Football Association|Jerman]]\n|56.695\n|rowspan=3 align=center|3\n|-\n! 5\n|{{Flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[French Football Federation|Prancis]]\n|50.168\n|-\n! 6\n|{{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Russian Football Union|Rusia]]\n|47.625\n|-\n! 7\n|{{Flagicon|UKR}} [[Football Federation of Ukraine|Ukraina]]\n|41.850\n|rowspan=9 align=center|2\n|-\n! 8\n|{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Royal Dutch Football Association|Belanda]]\n|39.130\n|-\n! 9\n|{{Flagicon|ROU}} [[Romanian Football Federation|Romania]]\n|38.908\n|-\n! 10\n|{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Portuguese Football Federation|Portugal]]\n|36.462\n|-\n! 11\n|{{Flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkish Football Federation|Turki]]\n|32.225\n|-\n! 12\n|{{Flagicon|GRE}} [[Hellenic Football Federation|Yunani]]\n|28.165\n|-\n! 13\n|{{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Scottish Football Association|Skotlandia]]\n|27.875\n|-\n! 14\n|{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Royal Belgian Football Association|Belgia]]\n|25.325\n|-\n! 15\n|{{Flagicon|SUI}} [[Swiss Football Association|Swiss]]\n|25.250\n|-\n! 16\n|{{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Danish Football Association|Denmark]]\n|24.450\n|rowspan=3 align=center|1\n|-\n! 17\n|{{Flagicon|BUL}} [[Bulgarian Football Union|Bulgaria]]\n|21.250\n|-\n! 18\n|nowrap|{{Flagicon|CZE}} [[Czech Football Association|Republik Ceko]]\n|20.750\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"|","translated_text":"What's that?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Asosiasi\n!Koef.\n!Tim\n|-\n! 19\n|{{Flagicon|NOR}} [[Football Association of Norway|Norwegia]]\n|18.800\n|rowspan=18 align=center|1\n|-\n! 20\n|{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Austrian Football Association|Austria]]\n|17.825\n|-\n! 21\n|{{Flagicon|SRB|2004}} [[Football Association of Serbia|Serbia]]\n|15.250\n|-\n! 22\n|{{Flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel Football Association|Israel]]\n|15.250\n|-\n! 23\n|{{Flagicon|CYP}} [[Cyprus Football Association|Siprus]]\n|15.082\n|-\n! 24\n|{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Swedish Football Association|Swedia]]\n|14.691\n|-\n! 25\n|{{Flagicon|SVK}} [[Slovak Football Association|Slovakia]]\n|14.665\n|-\n! 26\n|{{Flagicon|POL}} [[Polish Football Association|Polandia]]\n|12.916\n|-\n! 27\n|{{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Croatian Football Federation|Kroasia]]\n|12.332\n|-\n! 28\n|{{Flagicon|FIN}} [[Football Association of Finland|Finlandia]]\n|9.790\n|-\n! 29\n|{{Flagicon|LTU}} [[Lithuanian Football Federation|Lithuania]]\n|9.666\n|-\n! 30\n|{{Flagicon|IRL}} [[Football Association of Ireland|Republik Irlandia]]\n|9.499\n|-\n! 31\n|{{Flagicon|LVA}} [[Latvian Football Federation|Latvia]]\n|9.164\n|-\n! 32\n|{{Flagicon|SVN}} [[Football Association of Slovenia|Slovenia]]\n|9.082\n|-\n! 33\n|{{Flagicon|BLR|1995}} [[Football Federation of Belarus|Belarusia]]\n|8.666\n|-\n! 34\n|nowrap|{{Flagicon|BIH}} [[Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia dan Herzegovina]]\n|8.665\n|-\n! 35\n|{{Flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungarian Football Federation|Hungaria]]\n|8.166\n|-\n! 36\n|{{Flagicon|ISL}} [[Football Association of Iceland|Islandia]]\n|6.665\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"|","translated_text":"What's that?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Asosiasi\n!Koef.\n!Tim\n|-\n! 37\n|{{Flagicon|MDA}} [[Football Association of Moldova|Moldova]]\n|6.665\n|rowspan=2 align=center|1\n|-\n! 38\n|{{Flagicon|GEO}} [[Georgian Football Federation|Georgia]]\n|6.664\n|-\n! 39\n|{{Flagicon|LIE}} [[Liechtenstein Football Association|Liechtenstein]]\n|5.500\n|align=center|0\n|-\n! 40\n|{{Flagicon|MKD}} [[Football Federation of Macedonia|Makedonia]]\n|5.165\n|rowspan=14 align=center|1\n|-\n! 41\n|{{Flagicon|AZE}} [[Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]\n|4.498\n|-\n! 42\n|{{Flagicon|EST}} [[Estonian Football Association|Estonia]]\n|4.332\n|-\n! 43\n|{{Flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanian Football Association|Albania]]\n|3.999\n|-\n! 44\n|{{Flagicon|KAZ}} [[Football Federation of Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]\n|3.249\n|-\n! 45\n|{{Flagicon|ARM}} [[Football Federation of Armenia|Armenia]]\n|2.999\n|-\n! 46\n|{{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Football Association of Wales|Wales]]\n|2.331\n|-\n! 47\n|{{Flagicon|NIR}} [[Irish Football Association|Irlandia Utara]]\n|2.165\n|-\n! 48\n|nowrap|{{Flagicon|FRO}} [[Faroe Islands Football Association|Kepulauan Faroe]]\n|2.165\n|-\n! 49\n|{{Flagicon|LUX}} [[Luxembourg Football Federation|Luksemburg]]\n|1.332\n|-\n! 50\n|{{Flagicon|MNE}} [[Football Association of Montenegro|Montenegro]]\n|1.000\n|-\n! 51\n|{{Flagicon|AND}} [[Andorran Football Federation|Andorra]]\n|0.500\n|-\n! 52\n|{{Flagicon|MLT}} [[Malta Football Association|Malta]]\n|0.499\n|-\n! 53\n|{{Flagicon|SMR|1862}} [[San Marino Football Federation|San Marino]]\n|0.250\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Distribusi","translated_text":"Distribution","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak pemenang Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010, Inter Milan, memperoleh tempat di babak penyisihan grup melalui penempatan liga domestik mereka, tempat pemegang gelar yang dicadangkan di babak grup secara efektif dikosongkan.","translated_text":"Since the 2009-2010 UEFA Champions League winners Inter Milan, gained a place in the group stage via their domestic league placement, where the title holders reserved in the group stage were effectively vacated.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk kompensasi: Juara asosiasi 13 (Skotlandia) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi ketiga ke babak grup.","translated_text":"For compensation: Association champions 13 (Scotland) were promoted from the third qualifying round to the group stage.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"access\">{{cite web|title=2010/11 Champions League access list and calendar|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/accesslist/|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>","char_index":17,"name":"access","url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/accesslist/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.904035-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juara asosiasi 16 (Denmark) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi kedua ke babak kualifikasi ketiga.","translated_text":"The 16th association champion (Denmark) was promoted from the second qualifying round to the third qualifying round.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juara asosiasi 48 dan 49 (Kepulauan Faroe dan Luksemburg) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi pertama ke babak kualifikasi kedua.","translated_text":"Association champions 48 and 49 (Farean Islands and Luxembourg) were promoted from the first qualifying round to the second qualifying round.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:85%\"\n|-\n!colspan=2|\n!Tim yang masuk di babak ini\n!Tim maju dari babak sebelumnya\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak kualifikasi pertama<br> (4 tim)\n|\n*4 juara dari asosiasi 50–53\n|\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak kualifikasi kedua<br> (34 tim)\n|\n*32 juara dari asosiasi 17–49 (kecuali Liechtenstein)\n|\n*2 pemenang dari babak kualifikasi pertama\n|-\n!rowspan=2|Babak kualifikasi ketiga\n!Juara<br>(20 tim)\n|\n*3 juara dari asosiasi 14–16\n|\n*17 pemenang dari babak kualifikasi kedua\n|-\n!Non-juara<br>(10 tim)\n|\n*9 runner-up dari asosiasi 7–15\n*1 tim peringkat ketiga dari asosiasi 6\n|\n|-\n!rowspan=2|Babak play-off\n!Juara<br>(10 tim)\n|\n|\n*10 pemenang babak kualifikasi ketiga untuk juara\n|-\n!Non-juara<br>(10 tim)\n|\n*2 tim peringkat ketiga dari asosiasi 4 dan 5\n*3 tim peringkat keempat dari asosiasi 1–3\n|\n*5 pemenang babak kualifikasi ketiga untuk non-juara\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak grup<br> (32 tim)\n|\n*13 juara dari asosiasi 1–13\n*6 runner-up dari asosiasi 1–6\n*3 tim peringkat ketiga dari asosiasi 1–3\n|\n*5 pemenang dari babak play-off untuk juara\n*5 pemenang dari babak play-off untuk non-juara\n|-\n!colspan=2|Babak gugur<br>(16 tim)\n|\n|\n*8 pemenang grup dari babak grup\n*8 runner-up grup dari babak grup\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Tim","translated_text":"The team","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Posisi liga musim sebelumnya ditunjukkan dalam tanda kurung.","translated_text":"The previous season's league position is shown in parentheses.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1479428.html|title=2010/11 UEFA Champions League list of participants|publisher=UEFA.com|date=17 November 2010}}</ref>","char_index":60,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1479428.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":402,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.941788-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"TH Juara Bertahan","translated_text":"TH Champion Resisted","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak grup\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]<sup>[[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010|TH]]</sup> {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]] {{small|([[Ligue 1 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[CFR Cluj]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|Roma]] {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Rubin Kazan|Rubin Kazan]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Bursaspor]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] {{small|([[Bundesliga 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] {{small|([[Bundesliga 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|NED}} [[FC Twente|Twente]] {{small|([[Eredivisie 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] {{small|([[Ligue 1 2009–2010|1st]])}}\n|colspan=2|\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak play-off\n|-\n!Juara\n!colspan=3|Non-Juara\n|-\n|rowspan=2|\n|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] {{small|([[Liga Utama Inggris 2009–2010|4th]])}}\n|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] {{small|([[Serie A 2009–2010|4th]])}}\n|{{flagicon|FRA|1974}} [[AJ Auxerre|Auxerre]] {{small|([[Ligue 1 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] {{small|([[La Liga 2009–2010|4th]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GER}} [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] {{small|([[Bundesliga 2009–2010|3rd]])}}\n|\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak kualifikasi ketiga\n|-\n!Juara\n!colspan=3|Non-Juara\n|-\n|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Zenit St. Petersburg]] {{small|(3rd)}}\n|{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.C. Braga|Braga]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[F.C. Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|NED}} [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] {{small|([[Eredivisie 2009–2010|2nd]])}}\n|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[P.A.O.K. F.C.|PAOK]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|-\n|\n|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[FC Unirea Urziceni|Unirea Urziceni]] {{small|(2nd)}}\n|colspan=2|\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak kualifikasi kedua\n|-\n|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[PFC Litex Lovech|Litex Lovech]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|SVK}} [[MŠK Žilina|Žilina]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|BLR|1995}} [[FC BATE Borisov|BATE Borisov]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|EST}} [[FC Levadia Tallinn|Levadia]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|CZE}} [[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Prague]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Lech Poznań]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|BIH}} [[FK Željezničar Sarajevo|Željezničar]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Dinamo Tirana]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Rosenborg BK|Rosenborg]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Debreceni VSC|Debrecen]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[FC Aktobe|Aktobe]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[FC Red Bull Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|FIN}} [[HJK Helsinki|HJK]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar|FH]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Pyunik F.C.|Pyunik]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|SRB|2004}} [[FK Partizan|Partizan]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[FK Ekranas|Ekranas]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|MDA}} [[FC Sheriff Tiraspol|Sheriff Tiraspol]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|nowrap|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemians]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|GEO}} [[FC Olimpi Rustavi|Olimpi Rustavi]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|CYP}} [[AC Omonia|Omonia]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|LVA}} [[FK Liepājas Metalurgs|Liepājas Metalurgs]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|MKD}} [[KF Renova|Renova]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|FRO}} [[Havnar Bóltfelag|HB Tórshavn]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[AIK Fotboll|AIK]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|SVN}} [[FC Koper|Koper]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|AZE}} [[FC Inter Baku|Inter Baku]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Jeunesse Esch]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|-\n!colspan=4|Babak kualifikasi pertama\n|-\n|{{flagicon|MNE}} [[FK Rudar Pljevlja|Rudar Pljevlja]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|AND}} [[FC Santa Coloma]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|MLT}} [[Birkirkara F.C.|Birkirkara]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|{{flagicon|SMR|1862}} [[S.P. Tre Fiori|Tre Fiori]] {{small|(1st)}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Jadwal","translated_text":"The schedule","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Seluruh undian dilakukan di kantor pusat UEFA di Nyon, Swiss kecuali dinyatakan lain.","translated_text":"All draws are held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland unless otherwise stated.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid=1478141.html|title=2010/11 draw and match calendar|access-date=24 Juni 2010|archive-date=11 Oktober 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234231/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid%3D1478141.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid=1478141.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.966613-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid=1478141.html|title=2010/11 draw and match calendar|access-date=24 Juni 2010|archive-date=11 Oktober 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234231/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid%3D1478141.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234231/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid%3D1478141.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.995293-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=wikitable style=\"font-size:90%; text-align:center\"\n|-\n! Fase\n! Babak\n! Jadwal undian\n! Leg 1\n! Leg 2\n|-\n| rowspan=3| Kualifikasi\n| Babak kualifikasi pertama\n| rowspan=2| 21 Juni 2010\n| 29–30 Juni 2010\n| 6–7 Juli 2010\n|-\n| Babak kualifikasi kedua\n| 13–14 Juli 2010\n| 20–21 Juli 2010\n|-\n| Babak kualifikasi ketiga\n| 16 Juli 2010\n| 27–28 Juli 2010\n| 3–4 Agustus 2010\n|-\n| Play-off\n| Babak play-off\n| 6 Agustus 2010\n| 17–18 Agustus 2010\n| 24–25 Agustus 2010\n|-\n| rowspan=6| Babak grup\n| Pertandingan 1\n| rowspan=6| 26 Agustus 2010<br>([[Monaco]])\n|colspan=2| 14–15 September 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 2\n|colspan=2| 28–29 September 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 3\n|colspan=2| 19–20 Oktober 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 4\n|colspan=2| 2–3 November 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 5\n|colspan=2| 23–24 November 2010\n|-\n| Pertandingan 6\n|colspan=2| 7–8 Desember 2010\n|-\n|rowspan=4| Babak gugur\n| Babak 16 besar\n| 17 Desember 2010\n| 15–16 & 22–23 Februari 2011\n| 8–9 & 15–16 Maret 2011\n|-\n| Perempat final\n|rowspan=3| 18 Maret 2011\n| 5–6 April 2011\n| 12–13 April 2011\n|-\n| Semifinal\n| 26–27 April 2011\n| 3–4 Mei 2011\n|-\n| Final\n|colspan=2| 28 Mei 2011 di [[Wembley Stadium]], [[London]]\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak kualifikasi","translated_text":"Qualifying round","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada babak kualifikasi dan play-off, tim bermain melawan satu sama lain dalam dua leg dengan sistem kandang dan tandang.","translated_text":"In the qualifying and play-off rounds, teams play against each other in two legs with a home and away system.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengundian untuk dua babak kualifikasi pertama diadakan pada tanggal 21 Juni 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Michael Heselschwerdt, Ketua Kompetisi Klub, sedangkan pengundian babak kualifikasi ketiga dilakukan pada 16 Juli 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Giorgio Marchetti, Direktur Kompetisi.","translated_text":"The draw for the first two qualifying rounds was held on 21 June 2010 by UEFA Secretary General Gianni Infantino and Michael Heselschwerdt, Chairman of the Club Competition, while the draw for the third qualifying round was held on 16 July 2010 by UEFA Secretary General Gianni Infantino and Giorgio Marchetti, Director of the Competition.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 Juni 2010|title=Draws for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League 2010/11|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/49/85/12/1498512_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/49/85/12/1498512_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.064388-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e6-0ea18682e910-89a15760bb11-1000--draws-kick-off-race-to-london/|title=Draws kick off race to London|date=21 Juni 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e6-0ea18682e910-89a15760bb11-1000--draws-kick-off-race-to-london/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":510,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.115214-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 Juli 2010|title=Draws for the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/50/41/87/1504187_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref>","char_index":341,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/50/41/87/1504187_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.149872-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e7-0e74e2b37c96-e0c1f66cdce0-1000--debutants-braga-handed-celtic-test/|title=Debutants Braga handed Celtic test|date=16 Juli 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>","char_index":341,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e7-0e74e2b37c96-e0c1f66cdce0-1000--debutants-braga-handed-celtic-test/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":511,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.186292-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak kualifikasi pertama","translated_text":"First qualifying round","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leg pertama rencananya akan dimainkan pada tanggal 29 dan 30 Juni, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada tanggal 6 dan 7 Juli 2010.","translated_text":"The first leg was scheduled to be played on 29 and 30 June, and the second leg was played on 6 and 7 July 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, pertandingan pertama FC Santa Coloma vs. Birkirkara pada 29 Juni dibatalkan karena lapangan dinyatakan tidak layak.","translated_text":"However, the first match of FC Santa Coloma vs. Birkirkara on 29 June was cancelled as the field was declared unfit.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/uefa-cancels-bkara-match-because-pitch-unfit.315395|title=UEFA cancels B'Kara match because pitch unfit|website=Times of Malta}}</ref>","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":"https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/uefa-cancels-bkara-match-because-pitch-unfit.315395","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45870,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.213783-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (83 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non-champion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tim yang kalah di kedua babak akan mengikuti babak play-off Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011.","translated_text":"The losing teams in both rounds will qualify for the UEFA Europa League play-offs 2010 ⁇ 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leg pertama dimainkan pada tanggal 27 dan 28 Juli, dan leg kedua dimainkan pada tanggal 3 dan 4 Agustus 2010.","translated_text":"The first leg was played on 27 and 28 July, and the second leg was played on 3 and 4 August 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak play-off","translated_text":"Play-off round","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengundian untuk babak play-off dilakukan pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2010 oleh Sekertaris Jenderal UEFA, Gianni Infantino dan Direktur Kompetisi UEFA, Giorgio 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tim yang kalah akan mengikuti Babak grup Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011.","translated_text":"The losing team will qualify for the 2010-2011 UEFA Europa League group stage.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leg pertama dilakukan pada tanggal 17 dan 18 Agustus sedangkan leg kedua akan dilakukan pada tanggal 24 dan 25 Agustus 2010.","translated_text":"The first leg will be played on 17 and 18 August, while the second leg will be played on 24 and 25 August 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menindaklanjuti uji coba yang dilakukan pada Liga Eropa UEFA 2009–2010, UEFA mengumumkan untuk menggunakan tambahan dua orang asisten wasit yang ditempatkan pada masing masing garis gawang pada musim 2010–2011 ini dan musim 2011–2012 yang akan datang sebagai uji coba.","translated_text":"Following the trials conducted in the UEFA Europa League 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","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1519099.html Newcomers stand in Inter's path]</ref>","char_index":79,"name":null,"url":"http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1519099.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.104993-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di setiap kelompok, tim bermain melawan satu sama lain di kandang dan tandang dalam sistem kompetisi.","translated_text":"In each group, teams play against each other on a home and away basis in a competitive system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hari pertandingan adalah 14–15 September, 28–29 September, 19–20 Oktober, 2–3 November, 23–24 November, dan 7–8 Desember 2010.","translated_text":"The match days are 14 ⁇ 15 September, 28 ⁇ 29 September, 19 ⁇ 20 October, 2 ⁇ 3 November, 23 ⁇ 24 November, and 7 ⁇ 8 December 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemenang grup dan peringkat kedua maju ke babak 16, sementara tim yang berada diposisi ketiga memasuki babak 32 besar Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011.","translated_text":"The group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 16, while the third-placed teams enter the UEFA Europa League 2010 ⁇ 2011 round of 32.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jika dua atau lebih tim sama pada poin pada penyelesaian pertandingan grup, kriteria berikut diterapkan untuk menentukan peringkat (dalam urutan menurun):","translated_text":"If two or more teams are equal on points at the end of a group match, the following criteria are applied to determine the ranking (in descending 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dimainkan;","translated_text":"Divisions of goals from all group matches played;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jumlah gol yang dicetak;","translated_text":"Number of goals scored;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jumlah poin koefisien yang diakumulasikan oleh klub tersebut, serta asosiasinya, selama lima musim sebelumnya.","translated_text":"The number of coefficient points accumulated by the club, as well as its association, over the previous five seasons.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari 32 klub peserta babak grup ini ada enam klub yang baru mengikuti untuk pertama kalinya yaitu Bursaspor, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Braga, Tottenham Hotspur, Twente dan Žilina.","translated_text":"Of the 32 clubs participating in this group stage, six were newly joined for the first time: Bursaspor, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Braga, Tottenham Hotspur, Twente and Žilina.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup A","translated_text":"Group A","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup B","translated_text":"Group B","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup C","translated_text":"Group C","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup D","translated_text":"Group D","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup E","translated_text":"Group E","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup F","translated_text":"Group F","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup G","translated_text":"Group G","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup H","translated_text":"Group H","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak gugur","translated_text":"The Fall Round","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada babak gugur ini, masing-masing klub bermain secara kandang dan tandang, kecuali partai final yang dimainkan di tempat netral.","translated_text":"In this autumn, each club plays home and away, except for the final match which is played at a neutral venue.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengundian babak 16 besar dilakukan pada 17 Desember 2011.","translated_text":"The draw for the round of 16 was made on 17 December 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1580077.html Holders Inter face Bayern in final rematch]</ref>","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":"http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1580077.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.132342-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengundian untuk babak perempatfinal, semifinal dan final (untuk menentukan tim \"tuan rumah\") dilakukan pada 18 Maret 2012.","translated_text":"The draw for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and finals (to determine the \"master\" team) was made on 18 March 2012.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1609215.html Champions League quarter-final 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leg.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Klub dari grup yang sama maupun dari asosiasi yang sama tidak dipertemukan satu sama lain.","translated_text":"Clubs from the same group or from the same association do not meet each other.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk pengundian babak perempatfinal dan seterusnya pembatasan tersebut tidak dilakukan.","translated_text":"For the quarterfinals and beyond, such restrictions are not enforced.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bracket","translated_text":"The bracket","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak 16 besar","translated_text":"Round of 16","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leg pertama dilaksanakan pada tanggal 15, 16, 22 dan 23 Februari, dan leg kedua dilaksankan pada 8, 9, 15 dan 16 Maret 2011.","translated_text":"The first leg was held on 15, 16, 22 and 23 February, and the second leg was held on 8, 9, 15 and 16 March 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perempat final","translated_text":"The quarter-finals","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leg pertama dilaksanakan pada 5 dan 6 April, sedangkan leg kedua pada 12 dan 13 April 2011.","translated_text":"The first leg was held on 5 and 6 April, while the second leg was held on 12 and 13 April 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Semifinal","translated_text":"Semifinals","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leg pertama dilaksanakan pada 26 dan 27 April sedangkan leg kedua dilakukan pada 3 and 4 Mei 2011.","translated_text":"The first leg was held on 26 and 27 April while the second leg was held on 3 and 4 May 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Final","translated_text":"The Final","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Final dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 Mei 2011 di Stadion Wembley, London, Inggris.","translated_text":"The final was held on 28 May 2011 at Wembley Stadium, London, England.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik","translated_text":"The statistics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Statistik mengecualikan babak kualifikasi dan babak play-off.","translated_text":"Statistics exclude qualifying and play-offs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pencetak gol terbanyak","translated_text":"Most goalscorers","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center\"\n|-\n!Peringkat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/statistics/round=2000118/players/type=topscorers/index.html |title=Goals scored |date=15 September 2010 |accessdate=15 September 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917235348/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/statistics/round%3D2000118/players/type%3Dtopscorers/index.html |archivedate=17 September 2010 |url-status = live|df= }}</ref>\n!Pemain\n!Tim\n!Gol\n!Menit bermain\n|-\n|1\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Lionel Messi]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|12\n|1098\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mario Gómez]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Bayern München|Bayern München]]\n|rowspan=2|8\n|634\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]]\n|937\n|-\n|4\n|align=left|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nicolas Anelka]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]\n|7\n|600\n|-\n|rowspan=3|5\n|align=left|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Karim Benzema]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]\n|rowspan=3|6\n|398\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Roberto Soldado]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]\n|438\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]\n|1067\n|-\n|rowspan=2|8\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma|Pedro]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|rowspan=2|5\n|812\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Raúl González|Raúl]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]\n|1130\n|-\n|rowspan=10|10\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Eduardo da Silva|Eduardo]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]\n|rowspan=10|4\n|279\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marco Borriello]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.S. Roma|AS Roma]]\n|554\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Javier Hernández]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|582\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Crouch]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]\n|604\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]]\n|689\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Gareth Bale]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]\n|770\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luiz Adriano]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]\n|833\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wayne Rooney]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|839\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|PER}} [[Jefferson Farfán]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]\n|847\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Villa]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|954\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sumber: Top Scorers – Final – Saturday 28 May 2011 (after match) (diakses 28 Mei 2011)","translated_text":"Source: Top scorers  ⁇  Final  ⁇  Saturday 28 May 2011 (after match) (accessed 28 May 2011)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengumpan terbanyak","translated_text":"Most feeding","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center\"\n|-\n!Peringkat\n!Pemain\n!Tim\n!''Assist''\n!Menit bermain\n|-\n|1\n|align=left|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mesut Özil]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]\n|6\n|804\n|-\n|rowspan=6|2\n|align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Carlos Jorge Neto Martins|Carlos Martins]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]\n|rowspan=6|5\n|435\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Ryan Giggs]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]\n|576\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Aaron Lennon]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]\n|646\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Darijo Srna]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]\n|810\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Andrés Iniesta]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]\n|898\n|-\n|align=left|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Samuel Eto'o]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]]\n|900\n|-\n|8\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Emmanuel Culio]]\n|align=left|{{flagicon|ROU}} [[CFR Cluj]]\n|4\n|524\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010 Liga Eropa UEFA 2010–2011 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2011 Piala Super UEFA 2011","translated_text":"UEFA Champions League 2009  ⁇ 2010 UEFA European League 2010  ⁇ 2011 FIFA World Cup 2011 Super Cup 2011","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Semua pertandingan musim 2010–2011 di situs web UEFA Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011, UEFA.com Semua pencetak gol Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 (tidak termasuk babak kualifikasi) menurut protokol UEFA + semua pencetak gol babak kualifikasi Liga Champions 2010/2011 - hasil dan susunan pemain (arsip)","translated_text":"All matches of the 2010 ⁇ 2011 season on the UEFA Champions League website UEFA 2010 ⁇ 2011, UEFA.com All goalscorers of the UEFA Champions League 2010 ⁇ 2011 (excluding qualifying rounds) according to UEFA protocol + all goalscorers of the 2010/2011 Champions League qualifying rounds - results and player order (archive)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 2010 Kategori:Sepak bola dalam tahun 2010 Kategori:Sepak bola dalam tahun 2011","translated_text":"Categories: UEFA Champions League 2010 ⁇ 2011 2010 Categories:Football in the year 2010 Categories:Football in the year 2011","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011 adalah musim ke 56 dari kompetisi klub sepak bola tertinggi di Eropa dan musim ke-19 di bawah format Liga Champions UEFA. Final bertempat di Stadion Wembley di London, Inggris, di mana Barcelona mengalahkan Manchester United dengan skor 3–1.","translated_text":"The 2010-2011 UEFA Champions League was the 56th season of Europe's highest football club competition and the 19th season under the UEFA Champions League format. The final took place at Wembley Stadium in London, England, where Barcelona defeated Manchester United by a score of 3 ⁇ 1.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7858932.stm Wembley to host 2011 Euro final] BBC Sport, 29 Januari 2009</ref>","char_index":206,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/7858932.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":55202,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.044362-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9375}]},{"text":"Sebanyak 76 tim berpartisipasi di Liga Champions 2010–2011, dari 52 asosiasi UEFA (Liechtenstein tidak menyelenggarakan kompetisi liga domestik). Asosiasi dialokasikan tempat berdasarkan Koefisien negara UEFA tahun 2009, yang memperhitungkan kinerja mereka di kompetisi Eropa dari tahun 2004–2005 hingga 2008–2009.","translated_text":"A total of 76 teams participated in the 2010-2011 Champions League, from 52 UEFA associations (Liechtenstein did not host domestic league competitions). Associations are allocated places based on the UEFA Country Coefficient of 2009, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2004 ⁇ 2005 to 2008 ⁇ 2009.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/~kassiesa/bert/uefa/data/method4/crank2009.html UEFA Country Ranking 2009] Bert Kassies' Site</ref>","char_index":314,"name":null,"url":"http://www.xs4all.nl/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":22430,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.498295-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.264404296875}]},{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah skema kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011: Asosiasi 1–3 masing-masing memiliki empat tim yang lolos Asosiasi 4–6 masing-masing memiliki tiga tim yang lolos Asosiasi 7–15 masing-masing memiliki dua tim yang lolos Asosiasi 16–53 masing-masing memiliki satu tim yang lolos (tidak termasuk Liechtenstein)","translated_text":"Below is the UEFA Champions League qualification scheme 2010 ⁇ 2011: Association 1 ⁇ 3 each has four qualifying teams Association 4 ⁇ 6 each has three qualifying teams Association 7 ⁇ 15 each has two qualifying teams Association 16 ⁇ 53 each has one qualifying team (excluding Liechtenstein)","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"regulations\">{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|title=Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2010/11|access-date=21 Mei 2010|archive-date=5 Desember 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205051408/http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"regulations","url":"http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.864337-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"regulations\">{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|title=Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2010/11|access-date=21 Mei 2010|archive-date=5 Desember 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205051408/http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"regulations","url":"http://en.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Regulations/competitions/Regulations/01/48/42/49/1484249_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.864337-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak pemenang Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010, Inter Milan, memperoleh tempat di babak penyisihan grup melalui penempatan liga domestik mereka, tempat pemegang gelar yang dicadangkan di babak grup secara efektif dikosongkan. Untuk kompensasi: Juara asosiasi 13 (Skotlandia) dipromosikan dari babak kualifikasi ketiga ke babak grup.","translated_text":"Since the 2009-2010 UEFA Champions League winners Inter Milan, gained a place in the group stage via their domestic league placement, where the title holders reserved in the group stage were effectively vacated. For compensation: Association champions 13 (Scotland) were promoted from the third qualifying round to the group stage.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"access\">{{cite web|title=2010/11 Champions League access list and calendar|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/accesslist/|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>","char_index":241,"name":"access","url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2011/accesslist/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.904035-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Posisi liga musim sebelumnya ditunjukkan dalam tanda kurung.","translated_text":"The previous season's league position is shown in parentheses.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1479428.html|title=2010/11 UEFA Champions League list of participants|publisher=UEFA.com|date=17 November 2010}}</ref>","char_index":60,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=1479428.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":402,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.941788-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seluruh undian dilakukan di kantor pusat UEFA di Nyon, Swiss kecuali dinyatakan lain.","translated_text":"All draws are held at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland unless otherwise stated.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid=1478141.html|title=2010/11 draw and match calendar|access-date=24 Juni 2010|archive-date=11 Oktober 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2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234231/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid%3D1478141.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101011234231/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/management/newsid%3D1478141.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.995293-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengundian untuk dua babak kualifikasi pertama diadakan pada tanggal 21 Juni 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Michael Heselschwerdt, Ketua Kompetisi Klub, sedangkan pengundian babak kualifikasi ketiga dilakukan pada 16 Juli 2010 oleh Sekretaris Jenderal UEFA Gianni Infantino dan Giorgio Marchetti, Direktur Kompetisi.","translated_text":"The draw for the first two qualifying rounds was held on 21 June 2010 by UEFA Secretary General Gianni Infantino and Michael Heselschwerdt, Chairman of the Club Competition, while the draw for the third qualifying round was held on 16 July 2010 by UEFA Secretary General Gianni Infantino and Giorgio Marchetti, Director of the Competition.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 Juni 2010|title=Draws for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League 2010/11|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/49/85/12/1498512_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/49/85/12/1498512_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.064388-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e6-0ea18682e910-89a15760bb11-1000--draws-kick-off-race-to-london/|title=Draws kick off race to London|date=21 Juni 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>","char_index":177,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e6-0ea18682e910-89a15760bb11-1000--draws-kick-off-race-to-london/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":510,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.115214-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 Juli 2010|title=Draws for the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa 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Namun, pertandingan pertama FC Santa Coloma vs. Birkirkara pada 29 Juni dibatalkan karena lapangan dinyatakan tidak layak.","translated_text":"The first leg was scheduled to be played on 29 and 30 June, and the second leg was played on 6 and 7 July 2010. However, the first match of FC Santa Coloma vs. Birkirkara on 29 June was cancelled as the field was declared unfit.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/uefa-cancels-bkara-match-because-pitch-unfit.315395|title=UEFA cancels B'Kara match because pitch unfit|website=Times of Malta}}</ref>","char_index":245,"name":null,"url":"https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/uefa-cancels-bkara-match-because-pitch-unfit.315395","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45870,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.213783-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (83 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengundian untuk babak play-off dilakukan pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2010 oleh Sekertaris Jenderal UEFA, Gianni Infantino dan Direktur Kompetisi UEFA, Giorgio Marchetti.","translated_text":"The draw for the play-off round was made on 6 August 2010 by UEFA Secretary-General Gianni Infantino and UEFA Competition Director Giorgio Marchetti.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 Juli 2010|title=Draws for UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/50/85/27/1508527_DOWNLOAD.pdf|access-date=28 Juni 2022}}</ref>","char_index":165,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/PressRelease/uefaorg/MediaReleases/01/50/85/27/1508527_DOWNLOAD.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.939824-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e8-0e75103f996c-164a8f652282-1000--derbies-add-spice-to-play-off-draw/|title=Derbies add spice to play-off draw|date=6 Agustus 2010|website=UEFA.com}}</ref>","char_index":165,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e8-0e75103f996c-164a8f652282-1000--derbies-add-spice-to-play-off-draw/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":519,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.969948-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menindaklanjuti uji coba yang dilakukan pada Liga Eropa UEFA 2009–2010, UEFA mengumumkan untuk menggunakan tambahan dua orang asisten wasit yang ditempatkan pada masing masing garis gawang pada musim 2010–2011 ini dan musim 2011–2012 yang akan datang sebagai uji coba.","translated_text":"Following the trials conducted in the UEFA Europa League 2009 ⁇ 2010, UEFA announced the use of two additional assistant referees placed on each goal line for the 2010 ⁇ 2011 season and the upcoming 2011 ⁇ 2012 season as trials.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0252-0ce1fa43099d-a7161bbf372c-1000--uefa-welcomes-ifab-referee-trial-decision/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723003628/http://en.uefa.com/uefa/footballfirst/matchorganisation/refereeing/news/newsid%3D1506902.html|url-status=dead|title=UEFA welcomes IFAB referee trial decision|date=22 Juli 2010|archivedate=23 Juli 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Pengundian untuk babak perempatfinal, semifinal dan final (untuk menentukan tim \"tuan rumah\") dilakukan pada 18 Maret 2012.","translated_text":"The draw for the round of 16 was made on 17 December 2011. The draw for the quarter-finals, semi-finals and finals (to determine the \"master\" team) was made on 18 March 2012.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1609215.html Champions League quarter-final draw]</ref>","char_index":182,"name":null,"url":"http://en.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1609215.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.156777-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"UEFA Europa League","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Liga Eropa UEFA]]","hash":"7223991a6997cb27bdca443b17274a9218843f1cde549e346817351accad21c4","last_revision":"2010-06-14T08:55:30Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T08:55:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.360983","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Liga Eropa UEFA\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Liga Eropa UEFA","translated_text":"The UEFA Europa League","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bank sperma","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Human Semen 3 ml.JPG|jmpl|ka|250px|Semen (air mani) pria berusia 21 tahun yang akan disimpan pada bank sperma.]]\n\n'''Bank sperma''' merupakan tempat yang melayani [[pembekuan]] dan penyimpanan [[sperma]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news\n|first = \n|last = \n|author = International Sperm Bank\n|coauthors = \n|url = http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm\n|title = International Sperm Bank » Introduction\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = \n|accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n|quote = \n|archive-date = 2010-06-10\n|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111552/http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm\n|dead-url = yes\n}}</ref> [[Donor]] [[sperma]] akan disimpan dalam tabung pendingin berisi [[nitrogen]] cair dengan [[suhu]] -196&nbsp;°C.<ref name=\"b\"/> Umumnya, sperma tersebut dapat disimpan selama lima tahun.<ref name=\"b\"/> Untuk menjadi donor sperma, [[laki-laki]] harus melewati uji kesehatan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan menderita berbagai [[penyakit]], seperti [[hepatitis]], [[kanker]], kesehatan jiwa, [[TBC]], hingga [[HIV/AIDS]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Uji kesehatan pendonor umumnya berlangsung selama enam minggu, kemudian baru dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sampel sperma.<ref name=\"b\"/> Sperma hanya diterima bila dalam kondisi sehat dan memiliki jumlah minimal 20 juta sel per satu ml [[sperma]].<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news\n|first = \n|last = \n|author = TEMPOinteraktif\n|coauthors = \n|url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html\n|title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma'\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = 2 Juni 2003\n|accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n|quote = \n}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sperma yang disimpan dalam bank sperma biasanya digunakan oleh pasangan yang tidak bisa memiliki [[keturunan]], pasangan yang kemungkinan dapat melahirkan keturunan dengan [[kelainan genetik]] atau [[penyakit menular]] (contohnya [[AIDS]]), dan wanita yang [[lesbi]] ataupun tidak memiliki pasangan.<ref name=\"a\"/>\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Donasi sperma]]\n* [[Eugenika]]\n* [[Infertilitas]]\n* [[Inseminasi buatan]]\n* [[Surogasi]]\n* [[Tanggapan keagamaan terhadap teknologi reproduksi berbantuan]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Teknologi reproduksi berbantuan}}\n\n[[Kategori:Reproduksi]]\n\n\n{{seks-stub}}","hash":"2b97fb678b399381dc6dd2732d9d12fa02237f5f2ddfa5c96dd2a780586dd3fc","last_revision":"2022-12-22T23:07:31Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T08:56:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.412697","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بنك المني","bn":"শুক্রাণু ব্যাংক","ca":"Banc de semen","da":"Sædbank","de":"Samenbank","en":"Sperm bank","es":"Banco de semen","fa":"بانک اسپرم","fi":"Spermapankki","fr":"Banque du sperme","he":"בנק זרע","hy":"Սերմնահեղուկի բանկ","it":"Banca del seme","ja":"精子バンク","ko":"정자은행","nl":"Spermabank","pt":"Banco de esperma","ru":"Банк спермы","simple":"Sperm bank","ta":"விந்தணு வங்கி","th":"ธนาคารอสุจิ","tr":"Sperm bankası","uk":"Банк сперми","vi":"Ngân hàng tinh trùng","zh":"精子银行"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Bank sperma merupakan tempat yang melayani pembekuan dan penyimpanan sperma. Donor sperma akan disimpan dalam tabung pendingin berisi nitrogen cair dengan suhu -196 °C. Umumnya, sperma tersebut dapat disimpan selama lima tahun. Untuk menjadi donor sperma, laki-laki harus melewati uji kesehatan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan menderita berbagai penyakit, seperti hepatitis, kanker, kesehatan jiwa, TBC, hingga HIV/AIDS. Uji kesehatan pendonor umumnya berlangsung selama enam minggu, kemudian baru dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sampel sperma. Sperma hanya diterima bila dalam kondisi sehat dan memiliki jumlah minimal 20 juta sel per satu ml sperma. Sperma yang disimpan dalam bank sperma biasanya digunakan oleh pasangan yang tidak bisa memiliki keturunan, pasangan yang kemungkinan dapat melahirkan keturunan dengan kelainan genetik atau penyakit menular (contohnya AIDS), dan wanita yang lesbi ataupun tidak memiliki pasangan.\n\nDonasi sperma Eugenika Infertilitas Inseminasi buatan Surogasi Tanggapan keagamaan terhadap teknologi reproduksi berbantuan\n\nKategori:Reproduksi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bank sperma merupakan tempat yang melayani pembekuan dan penyimpanan sperma.","translated_text":"A sperm bank is a place that serves to freeze and store sperm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = International Sperm Bank |coauthors = |url = http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm |title = International Sperm Bank » Introduction |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 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HIV/AIDS.","translated_text":"To become a sperm donor, a man must pass a health test to detect the likelihood of suffering from various diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, mental health, TB, and HIV/AIDS.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 2 Juni 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":189,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sperma hanya diterima bila dalam kondisi sehat dan memiliki jumlah minimal 20 juta sel per satu ml sperma.","translated_text":"Sperm is only acceptable if it is in a healthy state and has a minimum number of 20 million cells per 1 ml of sperm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = 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couples who cannot have children, couples who are likely to give birth to children with genetic disorders or infectious diseases (e.g. AIDS), and women who are lesbian or have no partner.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = International Sperm Bank |coauthors = |url = http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm |title = International Sperm Bank » Introduction |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111552/http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm |dead-url = yes 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technology","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Reproduksi","translated_text":"Category:Reproduction","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bank sperma merupakan tempat yang melayani pembekuan dan penyimpanan sperma.","translated_text":"A sperm bank is a place that serves to freeze and store sperm.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = International Sperm Bank |coauthors = |url = http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm |title = International Sperm Bank » Introduction |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-10 |archive-url = 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Donor sperma akan disimpan dalam tabung pendingin berisi nitrogen cair dengan suhu -196 °C.","translated_text":"A sperm bank is a place that serves to freeze and store sperm. The sperm donor will be stored in a refrigerated tube containing liquid nitrogen at -196 °C.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 2 Juni 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bank sperma merupakan tempat yang melayani pembekuan dan penyimpanan sperma. Donor sperma akan disimpan dalam tabung pendingin berisi nitrogen cair dengan suhu -196 °C. Umumnya, sperma tersebut dapat disimpan selama lima tahun.","translated_text":"A sperm bank is a place that serves to freeze and store sperm. The sperm donor will be stored in a refrigerated tube containing liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Generally, the sperm can be stored for five years.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 2 Juni 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":227,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Donor sperma akan disimpan dalam tabung pendingin berisi nitrogen cair dengan suhu -196 °C. Umumnya, sperma tersebut dapat disimpan selama lima tahun. Untuk menjadi donor sperma, laki-laki harus melewati uji kesehatan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan menderita berbagai penyakit, seperti hepatitis, kanker, kesehatan jiwa, TBC, hingga HIV/AIDS.","translated_text":"The sperm donor will be stored in a refrigerated tube containing liquid nitrogen at -196 °C. Generally, the sperm can be stored for five years. To become a sperm donor, a man must pass a health test to detect the likelihood of suffering from various diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, mental health, TB, and HIV/AIDS.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 2 Juni 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":340,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Umumnya, sperma tersebut dapat disimpan selama lima tahun. Untuk menjadi donor sperma, laki-laki harus melewati uji kesehatan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan menderita berbagai penyakit, seperti hepatitis, kanker, kesehatan jiwa, TBC, hingga HIV/AIDS. Uji kesehatan pendonor umumnya berlangsung selama enam minggu, kemudian baru dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sampel sperma.","translated_text":"Generally, the sperm can be stored for five years. To become a sperm donor, a man must pass a health test to detect the likelihood of suffering from various diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, mental health, TB, and HIV/AIDS. Donor health tests generally last for six weeks, followed by a health examination of sperm samples.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 2 Juni 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":372,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Untuk menjadi donor sperma, laki-laki harus melewati uji kesehatan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan menderita berbagai penyakit, seperti hepatitis, kanker, kesehatan jiwa, TBC, hingga HIV/AIDS. Uji kesehatan pendonor umumnya berlangsung selama enam minggu, kemudian baru dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sampel sperma. Sperma hanya diterima bila dalam kondisi sehat dan memiliki jumlah minimal 20 juta sel per satu ml sperma.","translated_text":"To become a sperm donor, a man must pass a health test to detect the likelihood of suffering from various diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, mental health, TB, and HIV/AIDS. Donor health tests generally last for six weeks, followed by a health examination of sperm samples. Sperm is only acceptable if it is in a healthy state and has a minimum number of 20 million cells per 1 ml of sperm.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = TEMPOinteraktif |coauthors = |url = http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html |title = Bank dengan Modal 'Sperma' |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = 2 Juni 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":420,"name":"b","url":"http://ip52-214.cbn.net.id/id/arsip/2003/06/02/ILT/mbm.20030602.ILT88071.id.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.238371-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Uji kesehatan pendonor umumnya berlangsung selama enam minggu, kemudian baru dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sampel sperma. Sperma hanya diterima bila dalam kondisi sehat dan memiliki jumlah minimal 20 juta sel per satu ml sperma. Sperma yang disimpan dalam bank sperma biasanya digunakan oleh pasangan yang tidak bisa memiliki keturunan, pasangan yang kemungkinan dapat melahirkan keturunan dengan kelainan genetik atau penyakit menular (contohnya AIDS), dan wanita yang lesbi ataupun tidak memiliki pasangan.","translated_text":"Donor health tests generally last for six weeks, followed by a health examination of sperm samples. Sperm is only acceptable if it is in a healthy state and has a minimum number of 20 million cells per 1 ml of sperm. Sperm stored in a sperm bank is typically used by couples who cannot have children, couples who are likely to give birth to children with genetic disorders or infectious diseases (e.g. AIDS), and women who are lesbian or have no partner.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = International Sperm Bank |coauthors = |url = http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm |title = International Sperm Bank » Introduction |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = |archive-date = 2010-06-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610111552/http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm |dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":510,"name":"a","url":"http://www.bancodesemeninternacional.net/eng/introduccion/index.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:44.194140-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Severe combined immunodeficiency","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Defisiensi imunitas kombinasi]]","hash":"3d5a501b2bf6ed7ebec7d0a48aea227231c09c6c15fa11ca363f10ccb12b3972","last_revision":"2010-06-14T09:39:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T09:39:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.478488","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Defisiensi imunitas kombinasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Defisiensi imunitas kombinasi","translated_text":"Other combined immunodeficiency","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Serge Tisseron","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Serge Tisseron.jpg|jmpl|<center>Serge Tisseron pada tahun [[2008]].</center>]]\n'''Serge Tisseron''' adalah seorangest [[psikiater]], [[psikoanalisis]], [[dokter]] dan ahli [[psikolog]] berkebangsaan [[Prancis]] yang pernah menganalisis kehidupan keluarga [[Herge]] pengarang dari serial komik terkenal [[Petualangan Tintin]]\n\n== Biografi ==\n\nDia telah menerbitkan tidak kurang dari tiga puluh buah buku dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap antologi pribadi tidak kurang dari lima puluh buah. Sebagian besar karyanya berfokus pada tiga tema, yaitu:\n# Keluarga, khususnya rahasia keluarga\n# Membangun hubungan dengan gambar dan\n# Laporan teknologi terbaru\n\n* Dari rahasia keluarga, ia mengklaim telah menemukan rahasia pada keluarga [[Hergé]] dari studinya pada karya komiknya [[Petualangan Tintin]], dan dibukukan dalam karyanya dengan judul {{fr}} {{lang|fr|''Tintin chez le psychanalyste'', [[1985]]}}. Dia telah diterbitkan sejak, {{fr}} {{lang|fr|''Tintin et les secrets de famille''}}, buku pertama yang ditujukan sepenuhnya untuk menutupi rasa malu {{fr}} {{lang|fr|''La Honte, psychanalyse d’un lien social''}} dan {{fr}} {{lang|fr|''Secrets de famille, Mode d’emploi''}}.\n\n== Karya-karyanya ==\n\n* {{fr}} ''Histoire de la psychiatrie en bandes dessinées'', [[1978]], Éditions Savelli (BD).\n* {{fr}} ''Tintin chez le psychanalyste'', [[1985]], [[Éditions Aubier-Montaigne|Aubier]].\n* {{fr}} ''Hergé'', [[1987]], [[Éditions Seghers|Seghers]].\n* {{fr}} ''Psychanalyse de la bande dessinée'', [[1987]], [[PUF]], (réédition Champs-[[Flammarion]] [[2000]]).\n* {{fr}} ''La bande dessinée au pied du mot'', [[1990]], Aubier.\n* {{fr}} ''Tintin et les secrets de famille'', [[1990]], [[Éditions Séguier|Seguier]], (diterbitkan ulang oleh Aubier pada tahun [[1992]]).\n* {{fr}} ''La honte, psychanalyse d’un lien social'', [[1992]], [[Dunod]].\n* {{fr}} ''Tintin et le secret d'Hergé'', [[1993]], [[Presses de la Cité]].\n* {{fr}} ''Les Oreilles sales'', [[1994]], [[Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond]] (BD).\n* {{fr}} ''Psychanalyse de l'image, des premiers traits au virtuel'', [[1995]], Dunod, (diterbitkan ulang pada tahun [[1997]] dan [[2005]]).\n* {{fr}} ''Nos secrets de famille. Histoire et mode d’emploi'', [[1996]], [[Ramsay (éditions)|Ramsay]], (diterbitkan ulang oleh [[Marabout (éditions)|Marabout]] [[1997]], Ramsay pada tahun [[1999]] dan tahun [[2004]]).\n* {{fr}} ''Le bonheur dans l'image'', [[1996]], Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond.\n* {{fr}} ''Le mystère de la chambre claire, photographie et inconscient'', [[1996]], [[Les Belles Lettres]], (diterbitkan ulang oleh Flammarion pada tahun [[1999]]).\n* {{fr}} ''Y a-t-il un pilote dans l'image ?'', [[1998]], Aubier.\n* {{fr}} ''Du bon usage de la honte'', [[1998]], Ramsay.\n* {{fr}} ''Comment l'esprit vient aux objets'', [[1999]], Aubier.\n* {{fr}} ''Enfants sous influence. Les écrans rendent-ils les jeunes violents ?'', [[2000]], [[Armand Colin]], (diterbitkan ulang pada [[18 Oktober]], [[2003]]).\n* {{fr}} ''Petites mythologies d'aujourd'hui'', [[2000]], Aubier.\n* {{fr}} ''L'intimité surexposée'', [[2001]], Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang [[Éditions Albin Michel|Albin Michel]] pada tahun [[2003]]).\n* {{fr}} ''Bulles de divan'', [[2001]], [[Calmann-Lévy]]/Ramsay.\n* {{fr}} ''Bain d'images en famille'', [[2002]], [[Odile Jacob]].\n* {{fr}} ''Les bienfaits des images'', [[2002]].\n* {{fr}} ''Journal d'un psychanalyste'' [[2003]], Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Marabout pada tahun [[2004]]).\n* {{fr}} ''Comment Hitchcock m'a guéri'', [[2003]], Albin Michel.\n* {{fr}} ''Manuel à l'usage des parents dont les enfants regardent trop la télévision'', [[2004]], [[Bayard presse & édition|Bayard]].\n* {{fr}} ''La télé en famille, oui !'', [[2004]], Bayard.\n* {{fr}} ''Nos enfants sont-ils victimes des images ?'', [[2004]], Bayard.\n* {{fr}} ''Tintouin chez le psychanalyste'', [[2004]], Calmann-Lévy.\n* {{fr}} ''Dessous de divan'', [[2004]], Calmann-Lévy.\n* {{fr}} ''Vérité et mensonge de nos émotions'', [[2005]], Albin Michel.\n* {{fr}} ''La résilience'', [[2007]], PUF.\n* {{fr}} ''Virtuel mon amour'', [[2008]], Albin Michel.\n* {{fr}} ''Qui a peur des jeux vidéo ?'', [[2008]], Albin Michel.\n* {{fr}} ''Faut-il interdire les écrans aux enfants ?'', dengan [[Bernard Stiegler]], [[2009]], Mordicus\n* {{fr}} Préface de ''Freud, Fliess, Ferenczi. Des fantômes qui hantent la psychanalyse'' par Barbro Sylwan et Philippe Réfabert, collection Nicolas Abraham et Maria Torok, [[Éditions Hermann]], [[2010]].\n\n== Lihat juga ==\n* [[Psikogenealogi]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{fr}} [http://www.squiggle.be/tisseron Serge Tisseron memegang buku mingguannya Squiggle.be] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620135406/http://www.squiggle.be/tisseron |date=2010-06-20 }}\n* {{fr}} [http://www.journaldunet.com/itws/it_tisseron.shtml Teknologi baru dalam jurnal]\n\n{{Tintin}}\n\n[[Kategori:Psikologi]]\n[[Kategori:Prancis]]","hash":"d97b084c39a973401b591a60e060e1519f2335ba0bce661819fd8891123a8123","last_revision":"2021-05-24T03:19:55Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T09:49:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.534348","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Serge Tisseron","fr":"Serge Tisseron","jv":"Serge Tisseron"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Serge Tisseron adalah seorangest psikiater, psikoanalisis, dokter dan ahli psikolog berkebangsaan Prancis yang pernah menganalisis kehidupan keluarga Herge pengarang dari serial komik terkenal Petualangan Tintin\n\nDia telah menerbitkan tidak kurang dari tiga puluh buah buku dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap antologi pribadi tidak kurang dari lima puluh buah. Sebagian besar karyanya berfokus pada tiga tema, yaitu: Keluarga, khususnya rahasia keluarga Membangun hubungan dengan gambar dan Laporan teknologi terbaru\n\nDari rahasia keluarga, ia mengklaim telah menemukan rahasia pada keluarga Hergé dari studinya pada karya komiknya Petualangan Tintin, dan dibukukan dalam karyanya dengan judul . Dia telah diterbitkan sejak, , buku pertama yang ditujukan sepenuhnya untuk menutupi rasa malu dan .\n\nHistoire de la psychiatrie en bandes dessinées, 1978, Éditions Savelli (BD). Tintin chez le psychanalyste, 1985, Aubier. Hergé, 1987, Seghers. Psychanalyse de la bande dessinée, 1987, PUF, (réédition Champs-Flammarion 2000). La bande dessinée au pied du mot, 1990, Aubier. Tintin et les secrets de famille, 1990, Seguier, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Aubier pada tahun 1992). La honte, psychanalyse d'un lien social, 1992, Dunod. Tintin et le secret d'Hergé, 1993, Presses de la Cité. Les Oreilles sales, 1994, Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond (BD). Psychanalyse de l'image, des premiers traits au virtuel, 1995, Dunod, (diterbitkan ulang pada tahun 1997 dan 2005). Nos secrets de famille. Histoire et mode d'emploi, 1996, Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Marabout 1997, Ramsay pada tahun 1999 dan tahun 2004). Le bonheur dans l'image, 1996, Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond. Le mystère de la chambre claire, photographie et inconscient, 1996, Les Belles Lettres, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Flammarion pada tahun 1999). Y a-t-il un pilote dans l'image ?, 1998, Aubier. Du bon usage de la honte, 1998, Ramsay. Comment l'esprit vient aux objets, 1999, Aubier. Enfants sous influence. Les écrans rendent-ils les jeunes violents ?, 2000, Armand Colin, (diterbitkan ulang pada 18 Oktober, 2003). Petites mythologies d'aujourd'hui, 2000, Aubier. L'intimité surexposée, 2001, Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang Albin Michel pada tahun 2003). Bulles de divan, 2001, Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay. Bain d'images en famille, 2002, Odile Jacob. Les bienfaits des images, 2002. Journal d'un psychanalyste 2003, Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Marabout pada tahun 2004). Comment Hitchcock m'a guéri, 2003, Albin Michel. Manuel à l'usage des parents dont les enfants regardent trop la télévision, 2004, Bayard. La télé en famille, oui !, 2004, Bayard. Nos enfants sont-ils victimes des images ?, 2004, Bayard. Tintouin chez le psychanalyste, 2004, Calmann-Lévy. Dessous de divan, 2004, Calmann-Lévy. Vérité et mensonge de nos émotions, 2005, Albin Michel. La résilience, 2007, PUF. Virtuel mon amour, 2008, Albin Michel. Qui a peur des jeux vidéo ?, 2008, Albin Michel. Faut-il interdire les écrans aux enfants ?, dengan Bernard Stiegler, 2009, Mordicus Préface de Freud, Fliess, Ferenczi. Des fantômes qui hantent la psychanalyse par Barbro Sylwan et Philippe Réfabert, collection Nicolas Abraham et Maria Torok, Éditions Hermann, 2010.\n\nPsikogenealogi\n\nSerge Tisseron memegang buku mingguannya Squiggle.be Teknologi baru dalam jurnal\n\nKategori:Psikologi Kategori:Prancis\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Serge Tisseron adalah seorangest psikiater, psikoanalisis, dokter dan ahli psikolog berkebangsaan Prancis yang pernah menganalisis kehidupan keluarga Herge pengarang dari serial komik terkenal Petualangan Tintin","translated_text":"Serge Tisseron was a French-born psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, physician and psychologist who once analyzed the family life of Herge author of the famous comic series The Adventures of Tintin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biografi","translated_text":"His biography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dia telah menerbitkan tidak kurang dari tiga puluh buah buku dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap antologi pribadi tidak kurang dari lima puluh buah.","translated_text":"He has published no less than thirty books and contributed to personal anthologies no less than fifty.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar karyanya berfokus pada tiga tema, yaitu: Keluarga, khususnya rahasia keluarga Membangun hubungan dengan gambar dan Laporan teknologi terbaru","translated_text":"Most of his work focuses on three themes: family, particularly family secrets Building relationships with images and the latest technology reports.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari rahasia keluarga, ia mengklaim telah menemukan rahasia pada keluarga Hergé dari studinya pada karya komiknya Petualangan Tintin, dan dibukukan dalam karyanya dengan judul .","translated_text":"From family secrets, he claimed to have discovered the secrets of the Hergé family from his studies on his comic work The Adventures of Tintin, and published it in his work titled.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia telah diterbitkan sejak, , buku pertama yang ditujukan sepenuhnya untuk menutupi rasa malu dan .","translated_text":"She's been published since, the first book entirely devoted to covering up for shame and.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karya-karyanya","translated_text":"His works","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Histoire de la psychiatrie en bandes dessinées, 1978, Éditions Savelli (BD).","translated_text":"It is also important to note that, in the context of the presentation of the report, the Commission considers it necessary to take into account the fact that the Commission has not yet published a report on the results of the examination.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tintin chez le psychanalyste, 1985, Aubier.","translated_text":"Tintin chez le psychanalyste, 1985, by Aubier.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hergé, 1987, Seghers.","translated_text":"Hergé, 1987, is Seghers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Psychanalyse de la bande dessinée, 1987, PUF, (réédition Champs-Flammarion 2000).","translated_text":"Psychanalyse de la bande dessinée, 1987, PUF, (reissued by Champs-Flammarion in 2000).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"La bande dessinée au pied du mot, 1990, Aubier.","translated_text":"This is the first book in the series.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tintin et les secrets de famille, 1990, Seguier, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Aubier pada tahun 1992).","translated_text":"Tintin et les secrets de famille, 1990, Seguier, (reissued by Aubier in 1992).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"La honte, psychanalyse d'un lien social, 1992, Dunod.","translated_text":"The honte, psychoanalysis of a social lien, 1992, by Dunod.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tintin et le secret d'Hergé, 1993, Presses de la Cité.","translated_text":"Tintin et le secret d'Hergé, 1993, presses of the city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Les Oreilles sales, 1994, Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond (BD).","translated_text":"This is the first book in the series.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Psychanalyse de l'image, des premiers traits au virtuel, 1995, Dunod, (diterbitkan ulang pada tahun 1997 dan 2005).","translated_text":"Psychanalyse de l'image, des premiers traits au virtuel, 1995, Dunod, (re-published in 1997 and 2005).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nos secrets de famille.","translated_text":"Our family secrets.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Histoire et mode d'emploi, 1996, Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Marabout 1997, Ramsay pada tahun 1999 dan tahun 2004).","translated_text":"Histoire et mode d'emploi, 1996, Ramsay, (reissued by Marabout 1997, Ramsay in 1999 and 2004).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Le bonheur dans l'image, 1996, Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond.","translated_text":"Le bonheur dans l'image, 1996, Les Empêcheurs de penser en rond.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Le mystère de la chambre claire, photographie et inconscient, 1996, Les Belles Lettres, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Flammarion pada tahun 1999).","translated_text":"Le mystère de la chambre claire, photographie et inconscient, 1996, Les Belles Lettres, (reissued by Flammarion in 1999).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Y a-t-il un pilote dans l'image ?, 1998, Aubier.","translated_text":"You are a pilot in the image, 1998, Aubier.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Du bon usage de la honte, 1998, Ramsay.","translated_text":"Du bon usage de la honte, 1998, by Ramsay.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Comment l'esprit vient aux objets, 1999, Aubier.","translated_text":"Comment l'esprit vient aux objets, 1999, by Aubier, is a French writer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enfants sous influence.","translated_text":"Children under influence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Les écrans rendent-ils les jeunes violents ?, 2000, Armand Colin, (diterbitkan ulang pada 18 Oktober, 2003).","translated_text":"Les écrans rendent-ils les jeunes violents?, 2000, by Armand Colin, (reissued on October 18, 2003).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Petites mythologies d'aujourd'hui, 2000, Aubier.","translated_text":"Petites mythologies of today, 2000, Aubier.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"L'intimité surexposée, 2001, Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang Albin Michel pada tahun 2003).","translated_text":"L'intimité surexposée, 2001, Ramsay, (reissued by Albin Michel in 2003).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bulles de divan, 2001, Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay.","translated_text":"Bulles de divan, 2001, Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bain d'images en famille, 2002, Odile Jacob.","translated_text":"Bain d'images en famille, 2002, by Odile Jacob.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Les bienfaits des images, 2002.","translated_text":"The Benefits of Images, 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Journal d'un psychanalyste 2003, Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay, (diterbitkan ulang oleh Marabout pada tahun 2004).","translated_text":"Journal d'un psychanalyste 2003, Calmann-Lévy/Ramsay, (re-published by Marabout in 2004).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Comment Hitchcock m'a guéri, 2003, Albin Michel.","translated_text":"Comment by Hitchcock m'a guéri, 2003, by Albin Michel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Manuel à l'usage des parents dont les enfants regardent trop la télévision, 2004, Bayard.","translated_text":"Manuel à l'usage des parents dont les enfants regardent trop la télévision, 2004, by Bayard.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"La télé en famille, oui !, 2004, Bayard.","translated_text":"La télé en famille, yeah! 2004, Bayard.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nos enfants sont-ils victimes des images ?, 2004, Bayard.","translated_text":"Our children are the victims of images?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tintouin chez le psychanalyste, 2004, Calmann-Lévy.","translated_text":"It's called \"Psychoanalysis\", by Calmann-Lévy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dessous de divan, 2004, Calmann-Lévy.","translated_text":"Dessous de Divan, 2004, by Calmann-Lévy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vérité et mensonge de nos émotions, 2005, Albin Michel.","translated_text":"I'm going to tell you what I'm going to do.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"La résilience, 2007, PUF.","translated_text":"The Resilience, 2007, the PUF.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Virtuel mon amour, 2008, Albin Michel.","translated_text":"Virtuel mon amour, 2008, by Albin Michel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Qui a peur des jeux vidéo ?, 2008, Albin Michel.","translated_text":"Qui a peur des jeux vidéo?, 2008, by Albin Michel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Faut-il interdire les écrans aux enfants ?, dengan Bernard Stiegler, 2009, Mordicus Préface de Freud, Fliess, Ferenczi.","translated_text":"Faut-il interdire les écrans aux enfants?, with Bernard Stiegler, 2009, Mordicus Preface by Freud, Fliess, Ferenczi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Des fantômes qui hantent la psychanalyse par Barbro Sylwan et Philippe Réfabert, collection Nicolas Abraham et Maria Torok, Éditions Hermann, 2010.","translated_text":"Des fantômes qui hantent la psychanalyse by Barbro Sylwan and Philippe Réfabert, collection by Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok, published by Éditions Hermann, 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat juga","translated_text":"See also","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Psikogenealogi","translated_text":"The psychogenetics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Serge Tisseron memegang buku mingguannya Squiggle.be Teknologi baru dalam jurnal","translated_text":"Serge Tisseron holds his weekly book Squiggle.be New Technology in the journal","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620135406/http://www.squiggle.be/tisseron |date=2010-06-20 }}","char_index":53,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100620135406/http://www.squiggle.be/tisseron","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.266419-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Psikologi Kategori:Prancis","translated_text":"Psychology Category:French","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Serge Tisseron memegang buku mingguannya Squiggle.be Teknologi baru dalam jurnal","translated_text":"Serge Tisseron holds his weekly book Squiggle.be New Technology in the journal","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620135406/http://www.squiggle.be/tisseron |date=2010-06-20 }}","char_index":53,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100620135406/http://www.squiggle.be/tisseron","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.266419-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Hipotermia","wikicode":"{{penyangkalan medis}}\n{{Infobox Disease |\n  Name           = Hypothermia |\n  Image          = US Navy 030108-N-2338M-005 Medical personnel wrap a rescued fisherman in a warming suit to treat him for hypothermia.jpg|\n  Caption        = Seorang pria yang mengalami hipotermia sedang mendapatkan perawatan.|\n  DiseasesDB     = 6542 |\n  ICD10          = {{ICD10|T|68||t|66}} |\n  ICD9           = {{ICD9|991.6}} |\n  ICDO           = |\n  OMIM           = |\n  MedlinePlus    = |\n  eMedicineSubj  = med |\n  eMedicineTopic = 1144 |\n  MeshID         = D007035 |\n}}\n\n'''Hipotermia''' adalah suatu [[kondisi]] di mana mekanisme tubuh untuk pengaturan suhu kesulitan mengatasi tekanan [[suhu]] [[dingin]].<ref name=\"md\"/> Hipotermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu bagian dalam tubuh di bawah 35&nbsp;°C.<ref name=\"b\"/> Tubuh manusia mampu mengatur suhu pada [[zona termonetral]], yaitu antara 36,5-37,5&nbsp;°C. Di luar suhu tersebut, respon tubuh untuk mengatur suhu akan aktif menyeimbangkan [[produksi]] [[panas]] dan kehilangan panas dalam tubuh.<ref name=\"md\">{{en}} {{cite news \n|first = \n|last = \n|author = Jamie Alison Edelstein\n|coauthors = James Li, Mark A Silverberg, Wyatt Decker\n|url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview\n|title = Hypothermia\n|work = \n|publisher = Medscape\n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = 29 Oktober 2009\n|accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n|quote =\n}}\n</ref>\n\nGejala hipotermia ringan adalah penderita berbicara melantur, [[kulit]] menjadi sedikit berwarna abu-abu, [[detak jantung]] melemah, [[tekanan darah]] menurun, dan terjadi [[kontraksi otot]] sebagai usaha tubuh untuk menghasilkan [[panas]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Pada penderita hipotermia moderat, detak jantung dan [[respirasi]] melemah hingga mencapai hanya 3-4 kali bernapas dalam satu [[menit]].<ref name=\"b\"/> Pada penderita hipotermia parah, [[pasien]] tidak sadar diri, badan menjadi sangat kaku, [[pupil]] mengalami [[dilatasi]], terjadi [[hipotensi]] akut, dan [[pernapasan]] sangat lambat hingga tidak kentara (kelihatan).<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>\n\nHipotermi terjadi bila terjadi penurunan suhu inti tubuh di bawah 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F). Pada suhu ini, mekanisme kompensasi fisiologis tubuh gagal untuk menjaga panas tubuh.<ref name=\"principles of Internal medicine\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fauci, Anthony S.|title=principles of Internal medicine|publisher= McGraw-Hill's company|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-07-147691-1}}</ref>\n\n \n\n== Epidemiologi ==\n# Usia Lanjut: orang berusia lanjut kurang sensitive terhadap persepsi suhu, kurang bergerak, dan adanya penyakit sistemik menyebabkan terganggunya fisiologis tubuh dalam menjaga suhu tubuh. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosioekonomik.\n# Neonatus: neonatus rentan terhadap hipotermi karena tingginya rasio permukaan kulit dengan berat tubuh, dan kurangnya fungsi menggigil, serta rendahnya repson adaptasi terhadap lingkungan.\n# Malagizi: kurangnya deposit lemak di bawah kulit menyebabkan lebih rentannya kulit kehilangan panas, dan kurangnya sumber energi yang digunakan sebagai sumber panas.<ref name=\"principles of Internal medicine\"/>\n\n== Klasifikasi ==\nHipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan sumber paparan yaitu:\n# Hipotermi Primer: terjadi akibat paparan langsung individu yang sehat terhadap dingin.\n# Hipotermi sekunder: mortalitas banyak terjadi pada fase ini di mana terjadi kelainan secara sistemik.\n\nHipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan temperature tubuh, yaitu:\n# Ringan = 34-36&nbsp;°C<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref><br /> Kebanyakan orang bila berada pada suhu ini akan menggigil secara hebat, terutama di seluruh ekstremitas. Bila suhu tubuh lebih turun lagi, pasien mungkin akan mengalami amnesia dan [[disartria]]. Peningkatan kecepatan nafas juga mungkin terjadi.<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>\n# Sedang = 30–34&nbsp;°C<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\"/><br />Terjadi penurunan konsumsi oksigen oleh sistem saraf secara besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya [[hiporefleks]], [[hipoventilasi]], dan penurunan aliran darah ke ginjal. Bila suhu tubuh semakin menurun, kesadaran pasien bisa menjadi [[stupor]], tubuh kehilangan kemampuannya untuk menjaga suhu tubuh, dan adanya risiko timbul [[aritmia]].<ref name=\" Hypothermia\"/>\n# Berat = <30&nbsp;°C<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\"/><br />Pasien rentan mengalami [[fibrilasi ventrikular]], dan penurunan kontraksi [[miokardium]], pasien juga rentan untuk menjadi koma, [[pulse]] sulit ditemukan, tidak ada reflex, [[apnea]], dan [[oligouria]].<ref name=\" Hypothermia\"/>\n\n== Manajemen ==\nPasien dengan hipotermi ringan dapat diterapi langsung di lapangan, yaitu dengan melepas atau menjauhkan benda atau zat yang mendinginkan, kemudian diberi penghangat seperti handuk atau selimut.<ref name=\"wilderness Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html wilderness Hypothermia], '' wilderness Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>\n\nSementara pasien dengan hipotermia ''sedang'' atau ''berat'' memerlukan perawatan khusus di rumah sakit berupa [[rewarming]] (peningkatan kembali suhu tubuh). ini berupa rewarming aktif yang diikuti rewarming pasif, rewarming aktif yaitu mendekatkan benda hangat atau panas dari luar tubuh yang ditempelkan pada tubuh pasien. Contohnya yaitu air panas yang sudah dimasukan ke tempat khusus kemudian ditempelkan ke tubuh.<ref name=\"wilderness Hypothermia\"/>\n\nBila pasien teraba dingin, tetapi sirkulasi masih terjaga dengan baik, maka tugas penolong adalah untuk menjaga agar korban tidak kehilangan panas tubuh lebih banyak, dan berusaha untung menghangatkan (rewarm), bila pasien mengalami [[cardiac arrest]] atau henti jantung, maka dilakukan resusitasi jantung-paru dengan modifikasi sesuai dengan prosedur.<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>\n\nJangan menunda prosedur yang darurat seperti intubasi dan pemasangan kateter, tetapi lakukan secara hati-hati dan terus lakukan monitor terhadap ritme jantung, karena pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular.<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gejala penyakit]]","hash":"47684ce8d3fc92c15692f697f412061504b04c53125e86b240f34d31937d6f98","last_revision":"2024-01-30T03:33:18Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T09:53:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.592486","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Hipotermie","ar":"انخفاض درجة الحرارة","az":"Hipotermiya","be":"Гіпатэрмія","be-x-old":"Пераахаладжэньне","bg":"Хипотермия","bn":"অবোষ্ণতা","bs":"Hipotermija","ca":"Hipotèrmia","ckb":"ھایپۆسێرمیا","cs":"Podchlazení","cy":"Hypothermia","da":"Hypotermi","de":"Hypothermie","el":"Υποθερμία","en":"Hypothermia","eo":"Hipotermio","es":"Hipotermia","et":"Hüpotermia","eu":"Hipotermia","fa":"هیپوترمی","fi":"Hypotermia","fr":"Hypothermie","ga":"Hipiteirme","he":"היפותרמיה","hi":"हाईपोथर्मिया","hr":"Hipotermija","hu":"Hipotermia","hy":"Հիպոթերմիա","is":"Ofkæling","it":"Ipotermia","ja":"低体温症","kk":"Ағза тоңазуы","ko":"저체온증","la":"Hypothermia","lt":"Hipotermija","lv":"Hipotermija","ms":"Hipotermia","ne":"हाइपोथर्मिया","nl":"Hypothermie","nn":"Hypotermi","nb":"Hypotermi","or":"ଅଳ୍ପତାପ","pa":"ਹਾਈਪੋਥਰਮੀਆ","pl":"Hipotermia","pt":"Hipotermia","ro":"Hipotermie","ru":"Гипотермия","se":"Hypotermiija","sh":"Hipotermija","simple":"Hypothermia","sk":"Hypotermia","sl":"Podhladitev","sq":"Hipotermia","sr":"Хипотермија","sv":"Hypotermi","ta":"முரண்பாடான உடையவிழ்ப்பு","th":"ภาวะตัวเย็นเกิน","tr":"Hipotermi","uk":"Гіпотермія","uz":"Gipotermiya","vi":"Hạ thân nhiệt","wuu":"失温症","zh":"失溫症","zh-yue":"低溫症"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Hipotermia adalah suatu kondisi di mana mekanisme tubuh untuk pengaturan suhu kesulitan mengatasi tekanan suhu dingin. Hipotermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu bagian dalam tubuh di bawah 35 °C. Tubuh manusia mampu mengatur suhu pada zona termonetral, yaitu antara 36,5-37,5 °C. Di luar suhu tersebut, respon tubuh untuk mengatur suhu akan aktif menyeimbangkan produksi panas dan kehilangan panas dalam tubuh.\n\nGejala hipotermia ringan adalah penderita berbicara melantur, kulit menjadi sedikit berwarna abu-abu, detak jantung melemah, tekanan darah menurun, dan terjadi kontraksi otot sebagai usaha tubuh untuk menghasilkan panas. Pada penderita hipotermia moderat, detak jantung dan respirasi melemah hingga mencapai hanya 3-4 kali bernapas dalam satu menit. Pada penderita hipotermia parah, pasien tidak sadar diri, badan menjadi sangat kaku, pupil mengalami dilatasi, terjadi hipotensi akut, dan pernapasan sangat lambat hingga tidak kentara (kelihatan).\n\nHipotermi terjadi bila terjadi penurunan suhu inti tubuh di bawah 35 °C (95 °F). Pada suhu ini, mekanisme kompensasi fisiologis tubuh gagal untuk menjaga panas tubuh.\n\nUsia Lanjut: orang berusia lanjut kurang sensitive terhadap persepsi suhu, kurang bergerak, dan adanya penyakit sistemik menyebabkan terganggunya fisiologis tubuh dalam menjaga suhu tubuh. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosioekonomik. Neonatus: neonatus rentan terhadap hipotermi karena tingginya rasio permukaan kulit dengan berat tubuh, dan kurangnya fungsi menggigil, serta rendahnya repson adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Malagizi: kurangnya deposit lemak di bawah kulit menyebabkan lebih rentannya kulit kehilangan panas, dan kurangnya sumber energi yang digunakan sebagai sumber panas.\n\nHipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan sumber paparan yaitu: Hipotermi Primer: terjadi akibat paparan langsung individu yang sehat terhadap dingin. Hipotermi sekunder: mortalitas banyak terjadi pada fase ini di mana terjadi kelainan secara sistemik.\n\nHipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan temperature tubuh, yaitu: Ringan = 34-36 °C Kebanyakan orang bila berada pada suhu ini akan menggigil secara hebat, terutama di seluruh ekstremitas. Bila suhu tubuh lebih turun lagi, pasien mungkin akan mengalami amnesia dan disartria. Peningkatan kecepatan nafas juga mungkin terjadi. Sedang = 30–34 °C Terjadi penurunan konsumsi oksigen oleh sistem saraf secara besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hiporefleks, hipoventilasi, dan penurunan aliran darah ke ginjal. Bila suhu tubuh semakin menurun, kesadaran pasien bisa menjadi stupor, tubuh kehilangan kemampuannya untuk menjaga suhu tubuh, dan adanya risiko timbul aritmia. Berat = <30 °C Pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular, dan penurunan kontraksi miokardium, pasien juga rentan untuk menjadi koma, pulse sulit ditemukan, tidak ada reflex, apnea, dan oligouria.\n\nPasien dengan hipotermi ringan dapat diterapi langsung di lapangan, yaitu dengan melepas atau menjauhkan benda atau zat yang mendinginkan, kemudian diberi penghangat seperti handuk atau selimut.\n\nSementara pasien dengan hipotermia sedang atau berat memerlukan perawatan khusus di rumah sakit berupa rewarming (peningkatan kembali suhu tubuh). ini berupa rewarming aktif yang diikuti rewarming pasif, rewarming aktif yaitu mendekatkan benda hangat atau panas dari luar tubuh yang ditempelkan pada tubuh pasien. Contohnya yaitu air panas yang sudah dimasukan ke tempat khusus kemudian ditempelkan ke tubuh.\n\nBila pasien teraba dingin, tetapi sirkulasi masih terjaga dengan baik, maka tugas penolong adalah untuk menjaga agar korban tidak kehilangan panas tubuh lebih banyak, dan berusaha untung menghangatkan (rewarm), bila pasien mengalami cardiac arrest atau henti jantung, maka dilakukan resusitasi jantung-paru dengan modifikasi sesuai dengan prosedur.\n\nJangan menunda prosedur yang darurat seperti intubasi dan pemasangan kateter, tetapi lakukan secara hati-hati dan terus lakukan monitor terhadap ritme jantung, karena pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular.\n\nKategori:Gejala penyakit\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Disease |\n  Name           = Hypothermia |\n  Image          = US Navy 030108-N-2338M-005 Medical personnel wrap a rescued fisherman in a warming suit to treat him for hypothermia.jpg|\n  Caption        = Seorang pria yang mengalami hipotermia sedang mendapatkan perawatan.|\n  DiseasesDB     = 6542 |\n  ICD10          = {{ICD10|T|68||t|66}} |\n  ICD9           = {{ICD9|991.6}} |\n  ICDO           = |\n  OMIM           = |\n  MedlinePlus    = |\n  eMedicineSubj  = med |\n  eMedicineTopic = 1144 |\n  MeshID         = D007035 |\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hipotermia adalah suatu kondisi di mana mekanisme tubuh untuk pengaturan suhu kesulitan mengatasi tekanan suhu dingin.","translated_text":"Hypothermia is a condition in which the body's mechanisms for regulating temperature struggle to cope with cold temperature pressure.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"md\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Jamie Alison Edelstein |coauthors = James Li, Mark A Silverberg, Wyatt Decker |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview |title = Hypothermia |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 29 Oktober 2009 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":118,"name":"md","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.338127-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.814453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hipotermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu bagian dalam tubuh di bawah 35 °C.","translated_text":"Hypothermia can also be defined as the temperature of the interior of the body below 35 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":83,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tubuh manusia mampu mengatur suhu pada zona termonetral, yaitu antara 36,5-37,5 °C.","translated_text":"The human body is able to regulate temperatures in the thermonetral zone, i.e. between 36.5-37.5 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di luar suhu tersebut, respon tubuh untuk mengatur suhu akan aktif menyeimbangkan produksi panas dan kehilangan panas dalam tubuh.","translated_text":"Beyond that temperature, the body's response to regulating temperature will actively balance heat production and heat loss in the body.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"md\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Jamie Alison Edelstein |coauthors = James Li, Mark A Silverberg, Wyatt Decker |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview |title = Hypothermia |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 29 Oktober 2009 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":130,"name":"md","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.338127-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.814453125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gejala hipotermia ringan adalah penderita berbicara melantur, kulit menjadi sedikit berwarna abu-abu, detak jantung melemah, tekanan darah menurun, dan terjadi kontraksi otot sebagai usaha tubuh untuk menghasilkan panas.","translated_text":"Symptoms of mild hypothermia include slurred speech, slight graying of the skin, weakening of the heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and muscle contractions as the body tries to produce heat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":220,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada penderita hipotermia moderat, detak jantung dan respirasi melemah hingga mencapai hanya 3-4 kali bernapas dalam satu menit.","translated_text":"In patients with moderate hypothermia, heart rate and respiration decrease to only 3-4 breaths in a minute.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":128,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada penderita hipotermia parah, pasien tidak sadar diri, badan menjadi sangat kaku, pupil mengalami dilatasi, terjadi hipotensi akut, dan pernapasan sangat lambat hingga tidak kentara (kelihatan).","translated_text":"In severe hypothermia, the patient is unconscious, the body becomes very stiff, the pupils become dilated, acute hypotension occurs, and breathing is very slow to blurred (sight).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":197,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hipotermi terjadi bila terjadi penurunan suhu inti tubuh di bawah 35 °C (95 °F).","translated_text":"Hypothermia occurs when there is a decrease in body core temperature below 35 °C (95 °F).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada suhu ini, mekanisme kompensasi fisiologis tubuh gagal untuk menjaga panas tubuh.","translated_text":"At this temperature, the physiological compensation mechanism of the body fails to maintain body heat.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"principles of Internal medicine\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fauci, Anthony S.|title=principles of Internal medicine|publisher= McGraw-Hill's company|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-07-147691-1}}</ref>","char_index":85,"name":"principles of Internal medicine","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Epidemiologi","translated_text":"Epidemiology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Usia Lanjut: orang berusia lanjut kurang sensitive terhadap persepsi suhu, kurang bergerak, dan adanya penyakit sistemik menyebabkan terganggunya fisiologis tubuh dalam menjaga suhu tubuh.","translated_text":"Advanced age: the elderly are less sensitive to temperature perception, less mobile, and the presence of systemic diseases causes their physiological disorders in maintaining body temperature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosioekonomik.","translated_text":"It's also influenced by socioeconomic factors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Neonatus: neonatus rentan terhadap hipotermi karena tingginya rasio permukaan kulit dengan berat tubuh, dan kurangnya fungsi menggigil, serta rendahnya repson adaptasi terhadap lingkungan.","translated_text":"Neonatus: Neonatus is susceptible to hypothermia due to the high ratio of the skin surface to body weight, and the lack of shivering function, as well as the low response to adaptation to the environment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Malagizi: kurangnya deposit lemak di bawah kulit menyebabkan lebih rentannya kulit kehilangan panas, dan kurangnya sumber energi yang digunakan sebagai sumber panas.","translated_text":"Malagization: Lack of fat deposits under the skin causes the skin to be more prone to heat loss, and the lack of energy sources used as heat sources.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"principles of Internal medicine\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fauci, Anthony S.|title=principles of Internal medicine|publisher= McGraw-Hill's company|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-07-147691-1}}</ref>","char_index":165,"name":"principles of Internal medicine","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Klasifikasi","translated_text":"Classification","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan sumber paparan yaitu: Hipotermi Primer: terjadi akibat paparan langsung individu yang sehat terhadap dingin.","translated_text":"Hypothermia can also be classified based on exposure sources: Primary Hypothermia: occurs as a result of direct exposure of a healthy individual to cold.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hipotermi sekunder: mortalitas banyak terjadi pada fase ini di mana terjadi kelainan secara sistemik.","translated_text":"Secondary hypothermia: mortality rates are high in this phase where systemic abnormalities occur.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan temperature tubuh, yaitu: Ringan = 34-36 °C Kebanyakan orang bila berada pada suhu ini akan menggigil secara hebat, terutama di seluruh ekstremitas.","translated_text":"Hypothermia can also be classified according to body temperature, which is: Light = 34-36 °C Most people at this temperature will tremor greatly, especially throughout the extremities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"Nelson Pediatrics","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bila suhu tubuh lebih turun lagi, pasien mungkin akan mengalami amnesia dan disartria.","translated_text":"If the body temperature drops further, the patient may experience amnesia and dysarthria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peningkatan kecepatan nafas juga mungkin terjadi.","translated_text":"An increase in breathing speed may also occur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":49,"name":"Hypothermia","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99164,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.760750-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedang = 30–34 °C Terjadi penurunan konsumsi oksigen oleh sistem saraf secara besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hiporefleks, hipoventilasi, dan penurunan aliran darah ke ginjal.","translated_text":"While = 30 ⁇ 34 °C There is a decrease in oxygen consumption by the nervous system in large part which results in hyporeflex, hypoventilation, and decreased blood flow to the kidneys.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref>","char_index":17,"name":"Nelson Pediatrics","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bila suhu tubuh semakin menurun, kesadaran pasien bisa menjadi stupor, tubuh kehilangan kemampuannya untuk menjaga suhu tubuh, dan adanya risiko timbul aritmia.","translated_text":"As the body temperature decreases, the patient's consciousness can become stuporic, the body loses its ability to maintain body temperature, and there is a risk of arrhythmia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"Hypothermia","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99164,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.760750-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berat = <30 °C Pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular, dan penurunan kontraksi miokardium, pasien juga rentan untuk menjadi koma, pulse sulit ditemukan, tidak ada reflex, apnea, dan oligouria.","translated_text":"Weight = <30 °C Patients are prone to ventricular fibrillation, and decreased myocardial contraction, patients are also prone to coma, difficult to find a pulse, no reflex, apnea, and oligouria.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref>","char_index":14,"name":"Nelson Pediatrics","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":199,"name":"Hypothermia","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99164,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.760750-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Manajemen","translated_text":"Management","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pasien dengan hipotermi ringan dapat diterapi langsung di lapangan, yaitu dengan melepas atau menjauhkan benda atau zat yang mendinginkan, kemudian diberi penghangat seperti handuk atau selimut.","translated_text":"Patients with mild hypothermia can be treated directly in the field, that is, by removing or removing the coolant or substance, and then given a heater such as a towel or blanket.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wilderness Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html wilderness Hypothermia], '' wilderness Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":194,"name":"wilderness Hypothermia","url":"http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:55.229672-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sementara pasien dengan hipotermia sedang atau berat memerlukan perawatan khusus di rumah sakit berupa rewarming (peningkatan kembali suhu tubuh). ini berupa rewarming aktif yang diikuti rewarming pasif, rewarming aktif yaitu mendekatkan benda hangat atau panas dari luar tubuh yang ditempelkan pada tubuh pasien.","translated_text":"While patients with moderate or severe hypothermia require special hospital treatment in the form of rewarming (increase in body temperature). This is active rewarming followed by passive rewarming, active rewarming is approaching warm or hot objects from outside the body that are attached to the patient's body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contohnya yaitu air panas yang sudah dimasukan ke tempat khusus kemudian ditempelkan ke tubuh.","translated_text":"An example is hot water that is already injected into a specific place and then glued to the body.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wilderness Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html wilderness Hypothermia], '' wilderness Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"wilderness Hypothermia","url":"http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:55.229672-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bila pasien teraba dingin, tetapi sirkulasi masih terjaga dengan baik, maka tugas penolong adalah untuk menjaga agar korban tidak kehilangan panas tubuh lebih banyak, dan berusaha untung menghangatkan (rewarm), bila pasien mengalami cardiac arrest atau henti jantung, maka dilakukan resusitasi jantung-paru dengan modifikasi sesuai dengan prosedur.","translated_text":"If the patient is cold, but the circulation is still well maintained, then the helper's task is to keep the victim from losing more body heat, and try to rewarm, and if the patient has cardiac arrest or cardiac arrest, then the heart-lung resuscitation is performed with modifications according to the procedure.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":348,"name":"management of Hypothermia","url":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8614,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.344807-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":348,"name":"management of Hypothermia","url":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8614,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.344807-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jangan menunda prosedur yang darurat seperti intubasi dan pemasangan kateter, tetapi lakukan secara hati-hati dan terus lakukan monitor terhadap ritme jantung, karena pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular.","translated_text":"Do not delay emergency procedures such as intubation and catheterization, but do so carefully and continue to monitor your heartbeat, as patients are prone to ventricular fibrillation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"management of Hypothermia","url":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8614,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.344807-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gejala penyakit","translated_text":"Category:Symptoms of the disease","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Hipotermia adalah suatu kondisi di mana mekanisme tubuh untuk pengaturan suhu kesulitan mengatasi tekanan suhu dingin.","translated_text":"Hypothermia is a condition in which the body's mechanisms for regulating temperature struggle to cope with cold temperature pressure.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"md\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Jamie Alison Edelstein |coauthors = James Li, Mark A Silverberg, Wyatt Decker |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview |title = Hypothermia |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 29 Oktober 2009 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":118,"name":"md","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.338127-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.814453125}]},{"text":"Hipotermia adalah suatu kondisi di mana mekanisme tubuh untuk pengaturan suhu kesulitan mengatasi tekanan suhu dingin. Hipotermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu bagian dalam tubuh di bawah 35 °C.","translated_text":"Hypothermia is a condition in which the body's mechanisms for regulating temperature struggle to cope with cold temperature pressure. Hypothermia can also be defined as the temperature of the interior of the body below 35 °C.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":202,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hipotermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu bagian dalam tubuh di bawah 35 °C. Tubuh manusia mampu mengatur suhu pada zona termonetral, yaitu antara 36,5-37,5 °C. Di luar suhu tersebut, respon tubuh untuk mengatur suhu akan aktif menyeimbangkan produksi panas dan kehilangan panas dalam tubuh.","translated_text":"Hypothermia can also be defined as the temperature of the interior of the body below 35 °C. The human body is able to regulate temperatures in the thermonetral zone, i.e. between 36.5-37.5 °C. Beyond that temperature, the body's response to regulating temperature will actively balance heat production and heat loss in the body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"md\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Jamie Alison Edelstein |coauthors = James Li, Mark A Silverberg, Wyatt Decker |url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview |title = Hypothermia |work = |publisher = Medscape |pages = |page = |date = 29 Oktober 2009 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":298,"name":"md","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.338127-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.814453125}]},{"text":"Gejala hipotermia ringan adalah penderita berbicara melantur, kulit menjadi sedikit berwarna abu-abu, detak jantung melemah, tekanan darah menurun, dan terjadi kontraksi otot sebagai usaha tubuh untuk menghasilkan panas.","translated_text":"Symptoms of mild hypothermia include slurred speech, slight graying of the skin, weakening of the heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and muscle contractions as the body tries to produce heat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":220,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gejala hipotermia ringan adalah penderita berbicara melantur, kulit menjadi sedikit berwarna abu-abu, detak jantung melemah, tekanan darah menurun, dan terjadi kontraksi otot sebagai usaha tubuh untuk menghasilkan panas. Pada penderita hipotermia moderat, detak jantung dan respirasi melemah hingga mencapai hanya 3-4 kali bernapas dalam satu menit.","translated_text":"Symptoms of mild hypothermia include slurred speech, slight graying of the skin, weakening of the heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and muscle contractions as the body tries to produce heat. In patients with moderate hypothermia, heart rate and respiration decrease to only 3-4 breaths in a minute.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":349,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gejala hipotermia ringan adalah penderita berbicara melantur, kulit menjadi sedikit berwarna abu-abu, detak jantung melemah, tekanan darah menurun, dan terjadi kontraksi otot sebagai usaha tubuh untuk menghasilkan panas. Pada penderita hipotermia moderat, detak jantung dan respirasi melemah hingga mencapai hanya 3-4 kali bernapas dalam satu menit. Pada penderita hipotermia parah, pasien tidak sadar diri, badan menjadi sangat kaku, pupil mengalami dilatasi, terjadi hipotensi akut, dan pernapasan sangat lambat hingga tidak kentara (kelihatan).","translated_text":"Symptoms of mild hypothermia include slurred speech, slight graying of the skin, weakening of the heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and muscle contractions as the body tries to produce heat. In patients with moderate hypothermia, heart rate and respiration decrease to only 3-4 breaths in a minute. In severe hypothermia, the patient is unconscious, the body becomes very stiff, the pupils become dilated, acute hypotension occurs, and breathing is very slow to blurred (sight).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies|year= 1996|publisher= Jones and Bartlett|location=|id= 978-0867205053}}Page.136-137</ref>","char_index":547,"name":"b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hipotermi terjadi bila terjadi penurunan suhu inti tubuh di bawah 35 °C (95 °F). Pada suhu ini, mekanisme kompensasi fisiologis tubuh gagal untuk menjaga panas tubuh.","translated_text":"Hypothermia occurs when there is a decrease in body core temperature below 35 °C (95 °F). At this temperature, the physiological compensation mechanism of the body fails to maintain body heat.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"principles of Internal medicine\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fauci, Anthony S.|title=principles of Internal medicine|publisher= McGraw-Hill's company|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-07-147691-1}}</ref>","char_index":166,"name":"principles of Internal medicine","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosioekonomik. Neonatus: neonatus rentan terhadap hipotermi karena tingginya rasio permukaan kulit dengan berat tubuh, dan kurangnya fungsi menggigil, serta rendahnya repson adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Malagizi: kurangnya deposit lemak di bawah kulit menyebabkan lebih rentannya kulit kehilangan panas, dan kurangnya sumber energi yang digunakan sebagai sumber panas.","translated_text":"It's also influenced by socioeconomic factors. Neonatus: Neonatus is susceptible to hypothermia due to the high ratio of the skin surface to body weight, and the lack of shivering function, as well as the low response to adaptation to the environment. Malagization: Lack of fat deposits under the skin causes the skin to be more prone to heat loss, and the lack of energy sources used as heat sources.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"principles of Internal medicine\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fauci, Anthony S.|title=principles of Internal medicine|publisher= McGraw-Hill's company|year=2008|id=ISBN 978-0-07-147691-1}}</ref>","char_index":406,"name":"principles of Internal medicine","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan temperature tubuh, yaitu: Ringan = 34-36 °C Kebanyakan orang bila berada pada suhu ini akan menggigil secara hebat, terutama di seluruh ekstremitas.","translated_text":"Hypothermia can also be classified according to body temperature, which is: Light = 34-36 °C Most people at this temperature will tremor greatly, especially throughout the extremities.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref>","char_index":93,"name":"Nelson Pediatrics","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hipotermi juga dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan temperature tubuh, yaitu: Ringan = 34-36 °C Kebanyakan orang bila berada pada suhu ini akan menggigil secara hebat, terutama di seluruh ekstremitas. Bila suhu tubuh lebih turun lagi, pasien mungkin akan mengalami amnesia dan disartria. Peningkatan kecepatan nafas juga mungkin terjadi.","translated_text":"Hypothermia can also be classified according to body temperature, which is: Light = 34-36 °C Most people at this temperature will tremor greatly, especially throughout the extremities. If the body temperature drops further, the patient may experience amnesia and dysarthria. An increase in breathing speed may also occur.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":335,"name":"Hypothermia","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99164,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.760750-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Bila suhu tubuh lebih turun lagi, pasien mungkin akan mengalami amnesia dan disartria. Peningkatan kecepatan nafas juga mungkin terjadi. Sedang = 30–34 °C Terjadi penurunan konsumsi oksigen oleh sistem saraf secara besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hiporefleks, hipoventilasi, dan penurunan aliran darah ke ginjal.","translated_text":"If the body temperature drops further, the patient may experience amnesia and dysarthria. An increase in breathing speed may also occur. While = 30 ⁇ 34 °C There is a decrease in oxygen consumption by the nervous system in large part which results in hyporeflex, hypoventilation, and decreased blood flow to the kidneys.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref>","char_index":154,"name":"Nelson Pediatrics","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Peningkatan kecepatan nafas juga mungkin terjadi. Sedang = 30–34 °C Terjadi penurunan konsumsi oksigen oleh sistem saraf secara besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hiporefleks, hipoventilasi, dan penurunan aliran darah ke ginjal. Bila suhu tubuh semakin menurun, kesadaran pasien bisa menjadi stupor, tubuh kehilangan kemampuannya untuk menjaga suhu tubuh, dan adanya risiko timbul aritmia.","translated_text":"An increase in breathing speed may also occur. While = 30 ⁇ 34 °C There is a decrease in oxygen consumption by the nervous system in large part which results in hyporeflex, hypoventilation, and decreased blood flow to the kidneys. As the body temperature decreases, the patient's consciousness can become stuporic, the body loses its ability to maintain body temperature, and there is a risk of arrhythmia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":390,"name":"Hypothermia","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99164,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.760750-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Sedang = 30–34 °C Terjadi penurunan konsumsi oksigen oleh sistem saraf secara besar yang mengakibatkan terjadinya hiporefleks, hipoventilasi, dan penurunan aliran darah ke ginjal. Bila suhu tubuh semakin menurun, kesadaran pasien bisa menjadi stupor, tubuh kehilangan kemampuannya untuk menjaga suhu tubuh, dan adanya risiko timbul aritmia. Berat = <30 °C Pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular, dan penurunan kontraksi miokardium, pasien juga rentan untuk menjadi koma, pulse sulit ditemukan, tidak ada reflex, apnea, dan oligouria.","translated_text":"While = 30 ⁇ 34 °C There is a decrease in oxygen consumption by the nervous system in large part which results in hyporeflex, hypoventilation, and decreased blood flow to the kidneys. As the body temperature decreases, the patient's consciousness can become stuporic, the body loses its ability to maintain body temperature, and there is a risk of arrhythmia. Weight = <30 °C Patients are prone to ventricular fibrillation, and decreased myocardial contraction, patients are also prone to coma, difficult to find a pulse, no reflex, apnea, and oligouria.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Nelson Pediatrics\">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Kliegman, Robert M.|title=Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics|publisher= Saunders Elsevier.|year=2007|id=ISBN 978-0-8089-2365-7 }}</ref>","char_index":355,"name":"Nelson Pediatrics","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\" Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical#a0217 Hypothermia], '' Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":540,"name":"Hypothermia","url":"http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-clinical","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99164,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:54.760750-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Pasien dengan hipotermi ringan dapat diterapi langsung di lapangan, yaitu dengan melepas atau menjauhkan benda atau zat yang mendinginkan, kemudian diberi penghangat seperti handuk atau selimut.","translated_text":"Patients with mild hypothermia can be treated directly in the field, that is, by removing or removing the coolant or substance, and then given a heater such as a towel or blanket.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wilderness Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html wilderness Hypothermia], '' wilderness Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":194,"name":"wilderness Hypothermia","url":"http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:55.229672-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sementara pasien dengan hipotermia sedang atau berat memerlukan perawatan khusus di rumah sakit berupa rewarming (peningkatan kembali suhu tubuh). ini berupa rewarming aktif yang diikuti rewarming pasif, rewarming aktif yaitu mendekatkan benda hangat atau panas dari luar tubuh yang ditempelkan pada tubuh pasien. Contohnya yaitu air panas yang sudah dimasukan ke tempat khusus kemudian ditempelkan ke tubuh.","translated_text":"While patients with moderate or severe hypothermia require special hospital treatment in the form of rewarming (increase in body temperature). This is active rewarming followed by passive rewarming, active rewarming is approaching warm or hot objects from outside the body that are attached to the patient's body. An example is hot water that is already injected into a specific place and then glued to the body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wilderness Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html wilderness Hypothermia], '' wilderness Hypothermia ''. Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":408,"name":"wilderness Hypothermia","url":"http://www.wildernessutah.com/learn/hypothermia.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:55.229672-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bila pasien teraba dingin, tetapi sirkulasi masih terjaga dengan baik, maka tugas penolong adalah untuk menjaga agar korban tidak kehilangan panas tubuh lebih banyak, dan berusaha untung menghangatkan (rewarm), bila pasien mengalami cardiac arrest atau henti jantung, maka dilakukan resusitasi jantung-paru dengan modifikasi sesuai dengan prosedur.","translated_text":"If the patient is cold, but the circulation is still well maintained, then the helper's task is to keep the victim from losing more body heat, and try to rewarm, and if the patient has cardiac arrest or cardiac arrest, then the heart-lung resuscitation is performed with modifications according to the procedure.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":348,"name":"management of Hypothermia","url":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8614,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.344807-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":348,"name":"management of Hypothermia","url":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8614,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.344807-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jangan menunda prosedur yang darurat seperti intubasi dan pemasangan kateter, tetapi lakukan secara hati-hati dan terus lakukan monitor terhadap ritme jantung, karena pasien rentan mengalami fibrilasi ventrikular.","translated_text":"Do not delay emergency procedures such as intubation and catheterization, but do so carefully and continue to monitor your heartbeat, as patients are prone to ventricular fibrillation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"management of Hypothermia\">{{en}} [http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full hypothermia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218015145/http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full |date=2013-02-18 }}, ''Hypothermia” . Diakses pada 3 Agustus 2012.</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"management of Hypothermia","url":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/24_suppl/IV-136.full","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8614,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.344807-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","wikicode":"{{Former F1 team\n|Short_name = AGS\n|Long_name = Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives\n|Logo =\n|Base = [[Gonfaron]], [[France]]\n|Founders = [[Henri Julien (motor sports)|Henri Julien]]\n|Staff = [[Cyril Bourlon de Rouvre|Cyril de Rouvre]]<br/>Patrizio Cantù<br/>Hughes de Chaunac<br/>Gabriele Rafanelli<br/>Christian Vanderpleyn\n|Drivers = [[Ivan Capelli]]<br/>[[Pascal Fabre]]<br/>[[Roberto Moreno]]<br/>[[Philippe Streiff]]<br/>[[Joachim Winkelhock]]<br/>[[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br/>[[Yannick Dalmas]]<br/>[[Stefan Johansson]]<br/>[[Fabrizio Barbazza]]<br/>[[Olivier Grouillard]]\n|Engines = [[Motori Moderni]], [[Cosworth]]\n|Debut = [[Grand Prix F1 Italia 1986|Grand Prix Italia 1986]]\n|Races = 80\n|Cons_champ = 0\n|Drivers_champ = 0 \n|Wins = 0 \n|Poles = 0 \n|Fastest_laps = 0\n|Last race = [[Grand Prix F1 Spanyol 1991|Grand Prix Spanyol 1991]]\n}}\n'''Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (\"AGS\" atau [[Gonfaron]] sports car)''' adalah konstruktor balap kecil dari [[Prancis]], yang mengikuti berbagai macam balap mobil selama 30 tahun, termasuk [[Formula 1]] dari tahun 1986 sampai dengan 1991.\n\n== Pendirian ==\nTim didirikan oleh [[mekanik]] Prancis, [[Henri Julien]], yang mengoperasikan [[pompa bensin]] - the \"Garage de l'Avenir\" di sebuah desa yang bernama [[Gonfaron]]. Pada akhir 1950an dan awal 1960an, Julien secara rutin mengikuti balap di kelas kecil. Dia seorang pembalap medioker namun menunjukkan kemampuan tinggi dalam bidang teknik. Akhirnya, dia mengganti profesinya menjadi pembuat mobil balap.\n\n== Mobil Pertama ==\nMobil pertamanya, AGS JH1, muncul pada tahun 1969. Mobil ini didesain oleh bawahan Julien, [[Christian Vanderpleyn]] warga negara [[Belgia]] yang bergabung dengan tim sejak akhir 1950an hingga 1988. Segera, AGS membuat mobil [[formula 3]] sendiri dengan sangat ambisius namun tidak cukup bagus untuk melawan Martinis yang mendominasi seri tersebut pada era 1970an.\n\n== Formula 2 ==\nAGS mengambil langkah maju pada tahun 1978 saat tim dengan berani mulai berkompetisi di [[Eropa]] ([[Formula 2]]), dengan tetap menggunakan kendaraan (AGS JH15) yang dirancang (oleh Vanderpleyn), dibangun, dan dikemudikan sendiri. Formula 2 merupakan tantangan sulit bagi tim kecil tersebut, pada tahun 1978 dan 1979 tidak memperoleh poin. Awal 1980an menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik. AGS merupakan sedikit tim yang membangun mobil sendiri (bersama [[Maurer]], [[Minardi]], dan [[Merzario]]), dan memperoleh poin secara rutin, dan memperoleh kemenangan. AGS membuat sejarah saat pembalap mereka, [[Philippe Streiff]] memenangkan seri terakhir pada tahun 1984, menggunakan AGS JH 19C.\n\n== Formula 3000 ==\nPada tahun 1985, AGS berpindah ke [[formula 3000]] dengan sasis yang dibuat oleh [[Duqueine]] bersaudara.<ref name=Hodges>{{cite book|last=Hodges|first=David|title=A-Z of Formula Racing Cars|url=https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3|year=1990|publisher=Bay View Books|location=Bideford, UK|isbn=1870979168|page=[https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3/page/n300 279]}}</ref> Namun, Julien tidak tertarik dengan organisasi dan regulasi seri yang baru, sehingga dia berpikir untuk mengambil langkah ke depan menuju balap mobil kelas dunia.\n\n== Formula 1 ==\n=== Awal Mula ===\nPada akhir musim panas 1986, diputuskan AGS mengikuti [[Italian Grand Prix]] di [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]], seri pertama formula 1 yang diikutinya. struktur tim sangat mengejutkan, tim memiliki tidak lebih dari 7 pegawai dan masih beroperasi di garasi di Gonfaron. Dibandingkan dengan [[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]], [[McLaren]] atau [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] di mana pada waktu itu memiliki fasilitas yang jauh lebih baik.\n\nAGS hadir dengan mobil yang sekali lagi dirancang oleh Vanderpleyn. JH21C adalah paduan unik antara bekas mobil formula 3000 AGS dengan part [[Renault dalam Formula Satu|Renault F1]] yang digunakan sangat ekstensif. Mobil ditenagai dengan mesin turbo [[Motori Moderni]] (yang oleh [[Carlo Chiti]]-dikembangkan untuk tim pembeli) dan dikemudikan oleh pendatang baru [[Ivan Capelli]]. Beberapa minggu sebelumnya, mobil telah diuji oleh [[Didier Pironi]] yang mengemudikan mobil F1 pertama kali sejak kecelakaan tahun 1982, tetapi memutuskan untuk tidak kembali. Karena masalah teknik, tidak satu kalipun dalam seri pertama dan berikutnya kendaraan AGS mencapai finis.\n\npada tahun 1987, mobil yang mirip dengan mobil sebelumnya disiapkan untuk menggunakan mesin non-turbo [[Cosworth]] DFZ. Pembalap tim [[Pascal Fabre]] merupakan pendatang baru. Dia adalah seorang pembalap yang dapat diandalkan, finis di 7 seri pertama dan hanya gagal finis 2 kali selama masa kerjanya. Meskipun begitu, dia tidak pernah bersaing untuk mendapatkan poin dan gagal kualifikasi dalam 3 kesempatan. AGS berkembang dalam 2 balapan terakhir pada musim tersebut saat Fabre digantikan oleh pembalap Brazil [[Roberto Moreno]] (yang mendapat kesempatan pertama di F1 sejak 1982 di mana dia gagal kualifikasi dengan [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]). pada seri [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|Adelaide]], Moreno mendapatkan poin pertama untuk AGS, yang berarti tim mengakhiri musim dengan tim yang kondisinya lebih baik [[Équipe Ligier|Ligier]] dan [[March Engineering|March]].\n\n=== Pengambilalihan ===\nPada tahun 1988, AGS memulai dengan mobil baru dan pembalap [[Philippe Streiff]]. Streiff mengemudikan dengan sangat bertenaga namun hanya finis 4 kali karena masalah teknis dan kecelakaan. Secara finansial, awaltahun dimulai dengan sangat baik dan berakhir dengan bencana. AGS memiliki sponsor yang sangat bagus - Bouygues group - yang menjanjikan tidak hanya mendukung balapan, tetapi juga penyelesaian markas baru di luar Gonfaron. Setelah AGS mulai bekerja di fasilitas yang baru, Bouygues mengundurkan diri dari tim, meninggalkan Julien tanpa dukungan. Untuk menyelamatkan tim, dia menjual kepada [[Cyril de Rouvre]], enterpreneur Prancis dengan beragam ambisi.\n\n=== Kesulitan ===\nKondisi segera memburuk. manajemen tim berganti berkali-kali (Vanderpleyn berpindah ke [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]) dan menyebabkan banyak ketidakteraturan. Yang terburuk terjadi saat Streiff tidak sadarkan diri saat kecelakaan di Brazil sebelum musim 1989 dimulai.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa | title=Around and about, May 1989 | access-date=2023-04-24 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa | dead-url=no }}</ref>\n\nDia digantikan oleh [[Gabriele Tarquini]], yang mengejutkan dengan performa baik dalam paruh pertama musim. Dia sangat dekat dengan poin di [[1989 Monaco Grand Prix]] dan [[1989 United States Grand Prix]], tetapi gagal finis di kedua seri. Kondisi menjadi lebih baik di [[1989 Mexican Grand Prix]], di mana dia finis di posisi keenam dan memperoleh poin pertama. Namun setelah kondisi tersebut, tim kembali tidak kompetitif.\n\nPada paruh kedua musim 1989, tim harus mengikuti prakualifikasi, kondisi yang tidak pernah diselesaikan oleh Gabriele Tarquini dan [[Yannick Dalmas]]. AGS kemudian finis di peringkat 15 konstruktor, sama dengan [[Larrousse]]. Saat musim panas, muncul rumor bahwa AGS akan segera menggunakan mesin [[W12 engine|W12]] yang dikembangkan oleh desainer Prancis [[Guy Nègre]]. Mesin MGN (''Moteurs Guy Nègre'') muncul pada akhir 1988 dan diuji pada sasis AGS lama pada musim panas 1989. Kemudian diketahui bahwa AGS tidak terkait dengan tes, yang merupakan usaha pribadi dari Negre. Mesin tersebut tidak pernah mengikuti balap F1, tetapi diumumkan akan mengikuti [[Le Mans]] 1990 dengan nama Norma M6.\n\nAkhirnya, AGS menggunakan mesin [[Cosworth]] lagi pada tahun 1990. tahun itu tidak menunjukkan perkembangan sama sekali, di mana hasil terbaiknya adalah finis ke-9 di [[1990 Spanish Grand Prix]] dengan pembalap Dalmas dan pada awal musim 1991 tim terlihat akan segera berakhir. Tim hanya memiliki sedikit uang. Pada seri pertama musim 1991 di [[Phoenix]], tim tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk membeli makan siang dan anggota tim harus membeli sendiri. Dalam seri tersebut Tarquini finished ke-8, yang merupakan finis terakhir bagi AGS. De Rouvre menjual tim kepada enterpreneur [[Italia]], [[Patrizio Cantù]] dan [[Gabriele Raffanelli]]. Keduanya mengubah sedikit dari tim di mana [[Stefan Johansson]] digantikan oleh pendatang baru [[Fabrizio Barbazza]] dan mengganti warna tim dari putih menjadi biru, merah dan kuning. Mobil baru muncul di awal musim semi, tetapi tim dalam masalah lagi, sehingga dibubarkan setelah [[1991 Spanish Grand Prix]].\n\nAGS bertahan sebagai sekolah formula 1 di [[Le Luc]], dekat Gonfaron). ''Garage de l'Avenir'' masih tetap ada.\n\n=== Hasil Lengkap Formula 1 ===\n([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (results in '''bold''' indicate pole position)\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:90%\"\n! tahun\n! Sasis\n! Mesin\n! Ban\n! Pembalap\n! 1\n! 2\n! 3\n! 4\n! 5\n! 6\n! 7\n! 8\n! 9\n! 10\n! 11\n! 12\n! 13\n! 14\n! 15\n! 16\n! Points\n! WCC\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{F1|1986}}\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[AGS JH21]]\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[Motori Moderni]] [[V6 engine|V6]] ([[Turbocharger|t/c]])\n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{Pirelli}}\n||\n|| [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]\n|| [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]\n|| [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Ivan Capelli]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{F1|1987}}\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[AGS JH22]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]\n|| [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]\n|| [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''1'''\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''12th'''\n|-\n| [[Pascal Fabre]]\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 12\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 10\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 12\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| NC\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Roberto Moreno]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#DFFFDF\"| 6\n|- \n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{F1|1988}}\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[AGS JH23]]\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]\n|| [[1988 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1988 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1988 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Philippe Streiff]]\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 10\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 12\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 10\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 8\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 11\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{F1|1989}}\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[AGS JH23|AGS JH23B]]<br />[[AGS JH24]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1989 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1989 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1989 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1989 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1989 United States Grand Prix|USA]]\n|| [[1989 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1989 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1989 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1989 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1989 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1989 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1989 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1989 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1989 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1989 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1989 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''1'''\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''15th'''\n|-\n| [[Philippe Streiff]]\n| WD\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Gabriele Tarquini]]\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 8\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#DFFFDF\"| 6\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 7\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"|DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|-\n| [[Joachim Winkelhock]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Yannick Dalmas]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{F1|1990}}\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[AGS JH24]]<br />[[AGS JH25]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1990 United States Grand Prix|USA]]\n|| [[1990 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1990 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1990 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1990 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1990 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1990 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1990 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1990 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1990 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1990 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1990 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1990 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1990 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1990 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1990 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Gabriele Tarquini]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|-\n| [[Yannick Dalmas]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 17\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| NC\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{F1|1991}}\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[AGS JH25|AGS JH25B]]<br />[[AGS JH27]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1991 United States Grand Prix|USA]]\n|| [[1991 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1991 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1991 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1991 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1991 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1991 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1991 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1991 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1991 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1991 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1991 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1991 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1991 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1991 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1991 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Gabriele Tarquini]]\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 8\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Olivier Grouillard]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Stefan Johansson]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Fabrizio Barbazza]]\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n|}\n\n==Referensi==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.agsformule1.com AGS Formule 1]\n* [http://cfm.globalf1.net/?page_id=73 Chequered Flag Motorsport's profile of AGS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714201041/http://cfm.globalf1.net/?page_id=73 |date=2007-07-14 }}\n{{Formula One constructors}}\n\n[[Kategori:Konstruktor Formula Satu]]\n[[Kategori:Tim F1 Prancis]]","hash":"d392e0b73d78896e246bb4d516a0edfe6a6ca7c5af2edc4a5a5cdc4ff95e1974","last_revision":"2024-01-13T15:16:10Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T09:57:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.654153","cross_lingual_links":{"ast":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","az":"AGS (Formula-1 komandası)","bg":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","ca":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","de":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","en":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","es":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","fi":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","fr":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","gl":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","hu":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","it":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","ja":"AGS (F1)","jv":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","nl":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","pl":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","pt":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","ro":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","ru":"AGS (команда Формулы-1)","sl":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives","sv":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (\"AGS\" atau Gonfaron sports car) adalah konstruktor balap kecil dari Prancis, yang mengikuti berbagai macam balap mobil selama 30 tahun, termasuk Formula 1 dari tahun 1986 sampai dengan 1991.\n\nTim didirikan oleh mekanik Prancis, Henri Julien, yang mengoperasikan pompa bensin - the \"Garage de l'Avenir\" di sebuah desa yang bernama Gonfaron. Pada akhir 1950an dan awal 1960an, Julien secara rutin mengikuti balap di kelas kecil. Dia seorang pembalap medioker namun menunjukkan kemampuan tinggi dalam bidang teknik. Akhirnya, dia mengganti profesinya menjadi pembuat mobil balap.\n\nMobil pertamanya, AGS JH1, muncul pada tahun 1969. Mobil ini didesain oleh bawahan Julien, Christian Vanderpleyn warga negara Belgia yang bergabung dengan tim sejak akhir 1950an hingga 1988. Segera, AGS membuat mobil formula 3 sendiri dengan sangat ambisius namun tidak cukup bagus untuk melawan Martinis yang mendominasi seri tersebut pada era 1970an.\n\nAGS mengambil langkah maju pada tahun 1978 saat tim dengan berani mulai berkompetisi di Eropa (Formula 2), dengan tetap menggunakan kendaraan (AGS JH15) yang dirancang (oleh Vanderpleyn), dibangun, dan dikemudikan sendiri. Formula 2 merupakan tantangan sulit bagi tim kecil tersebut, pada tahun 1978 dan 1979 tidak memperoleh poin. Awal 1980an menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik. AGS merupakan sedikit tim yang membangun mobil sendiri (bersama Maurer, Minardi, dan Merzario), dan memperoleh poin secara rutin, dan memperoleh kemenangan. AGS membuat sejarah saat pembalap mereka, Philippe Streiff memenangkan seri terakhir pada tahun 1984, menggunakan AGS JH 19C.\n\nPada tahun 1985, AGS berpindah ke formula 3000 dengan sasis yang dibuat oleh Duqueine bersaudara. Namun, Julien tidak tertarik dengan organisasi dan regulasi seri yang baru, sehingga dia berpikir untuk mengambil langkah ke depan menuju balap mobil kelas dunia.\n\nPada akhir musim panas 1986, diputuskan AGS mengikuti Italian Grand Prix di Monza, seri pertama formula 1 yang diikutinya. struktur tim sangat mengejutkan, tim memiliki tidak lebih dari 7 pegawai dan masih beroperasi di garasi di Gonfaron. Dibandingkan dengan Williams, McLaren atau Ferrari di mana pada waktu itu memiliki fasilitas yang jauh lebih baik.\n\nAGS hadir dengan mobil yang sekali lagi dirancang oleh Vanderpleyn. JH21C adalah paduan unik antara bekas mobil formula 3000 AGS dengan part Renault F1 yang digunakan sangat ekstensif. Mobil ditenagai dengan mesin turbo Motori Moderni (yang oleh Carlo Chiti-dikembangkan untuk tim pembeli) dan dikemudikan oleh pendatang baru Ivan Capelli. Beberapa minggu sebelumnya, mobil telah diuji oleh Didier Pironi yang mengemudikan mobil F1 pertama kali sejak kecelakaan tahun 1982, tetapi memutuskan untuk tidak kembali. Karena masalah teknik, tidak satu kalipun dalam seri pertama dan berikutnya kendaraan AGS mencapai finis.\n\npada tahun 1987, mobil yang mirip dengan mobil sebelumnya disiapkan untuk menggunakan mesin non-turbo Cosworth DFZ. Pembalap tim Pascal Fabre merupakan pendatang baru. Dia adalah seorang pembalap yang dapat diandalkan, finis di 7 seri pertama dan hanya gagal finis 2 kali selama masa kerjanya. Meskipun begitu, dia tidak pernah bersaing untuk mendapatkan poin dan gagal kualifikasi dalam 3 kesempatan. AGS berkembang dalam 2 balapan terakhir pada musim tersebut saat Fabre digantikan oleh pembalap Brazil Roberto Moreno (yang mendapat kesempatan pertama di F1 sejak 1982 di mana dia gagal kualifikasi dengan Lotus). pada seri Adelaide, Moreno mendapatkan poin pertama untuk AGS, yang berarti tim mengakhiri musim dengan tim yang kondisinya lebih baik Ligier dan March.\n\nPada tahun 1988, AGS memulai dengan mobil baru dan pembalap Philippe Streiff. Streiff mengemudikan dengan sangat bertenaga namun hanya finis 4 kali karena masalah teknis dan kecelakaan. Secara finansial, awaltahun dimulai dengan sangat baik dan berakhir dengan bencana. AGS memiliki sponsor yang sangat bagus - Bouygues group - yang menjanjikan tidak hanya mendukung balapan, tetapi juga penyelesaian markas baru di luar Gonfaron. Setelah AGS mulai bekerja di fasilitas yang baru, Bouygues mengundurkan diri dari tim, meninggalkan Julien tanpa dukungan. Untuk menyelamatkan tim, dia menjual kepada Cyril de Rouvre, enterpreneur Prancis dengan beragam ambisi.\n\nKondisi segera memburuk. manajemen tim berganti berkali-kali (Vanderpleyn berpindah ke Coloni) dan menyebabkan banyak ketidakteraturan. Yang terburuk terjadi saat Streiff tidak sadarkan diri saat kecelakaan di Brazil sebelum musim 1989 dimulai.\n\nDia digantikan oleh Gabriele Tarquini, yang mengejutkan dengan performa baik dalam paruh pertama musim. Dia sangat dekat dengan poin di 1989 Monaco Grand Prix dan 1989 United States Grand Prix, tetapi gagal finis di kedua seri. Kondisi menjadi lebih baik di 1989 Mexican Grand Prix, di mana dia finis di posisi keenam dan memperoleh poin pertama. Namun setelah kondisi tersebut, tim kembali tidak kompetitif.\n\nPada paruh kedua musim 1989, tim harus mengikuti prakualifikasi, kondisi yang tidak pernah diselesaikan oleh Gabriele Tarquini dan Yannick Dalmas. AGS kemudian finis di peringkat 15 konstruktor, sama dengan Larrousse. Saat musim panas, muncul rumor bahwa AGS akan segera menggunakan mesin W12 yang dikembangkan oleh desainer Prancis Guy Nègre. Mesin MGN (Moteurs Guy Nègre) muncul pada akhir 1988 dan diuji pada sasis AGS lama pada musim panas 1989. Kemudian diketahui bahwa AGS tidak terkait dengan tes, yang merupakan usaha pribadi dari Negre. Mesin tersebut tidak pernah mengikuti balap F1, tetapi diumumkan akan mengikuti Le Mans 1990 dengan nama Norma M6.\n\nAkhirnya, AGS menggunakan mesin Cosworth lagi pada tahun 1990. tahun itu tidak menunjukkan perkembangan sama sekali, di mana hasil terbaiknya adalah finis ke-9 di 1990 Spanish Grand Prix dengan pembalap Dalmas dan pada awal musim 1991 tim terlihat akan segera berakhir. Tim hanya memiliki sedikit uang. Pada seri pertama musim 1991 di Phoenix, tim tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk membeli makan siang dan anggota tim harus membeli sendiri. Dalam seri tersebut Tarquini finished ke-8, yang merupakan finis terakhir bagi AGS. De Rouvre menjual tim kepada enterpreneur Italia, Patrizio Cantù dan Gabriele Raffanelli. Keduanya mengubah sedikit dari tim di mana Stefan Johansson digantikan oleh pendatang baru Fabrizio Barbazza dan mengganti warna tim dari putih menjadi biru, merah dan kuning. Mobil baru muncul di awal musim semi, tetapi tim dalam masalah lagi, sehingga dibubarkan setelah 1991 Spanish Grand Prix.\n\nAGS bertahan sebagai sekolah formula 1 di Le Luc, dekat Gonfaron). Garage de l'Avenir masih tetap ada.\n\n(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)\n\nAGS Formule 1 Chequered Flag Motorsport's profile of AGS\n\nKategori:Konstruktor Formula Satu Kategori:Tim F1 Prancis\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (\"AGS\" atau Gonfaron sports car) adalah konstruktor balap kecil dari Prancis, yang mengikuti berbagai macam balap mobil selama 30 tahun, termasuk Formula 1 dari tahun 1986 sampai dengan 1991.","translated_text":"Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (\"AGS\" or Gonfaron sports car) was a small racing constructor from France, which followed a variety of car racing for 30 years, including Formula 1 from 1986 to 1991.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pendirian","translated_text":"Standing","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tim didirikan oleh mekanik Prancis, Henri Julien, yang mengoperasikan pompa bensin - the \"Garage de l'Avenir\" di sebuah desa yang bernama Gonfaron.","translated_text":"The team was founded by a French mechanic, Henri Julien, who operated a gas station - the \"Garage de l'Avenir\" in a village called Gonfaron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhir 1950an dan awal 1960an, Julien secara rutin mengikuti balap di kelas kecil.","translated_text":"In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Julien regularly raced in small class.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia seorang pembalap medioker namun menunjukkan kemampuan tinggi dalam bidang teknik.","translated_text":"He was a mediocre racer but showed great skill in engineering.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akhirnya, dia mengganti profesinya menjadi pembuat mobil balap.","translated_text":"Eventually, he changed his profession to racing car manufacturer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mobil Pertama","translated_text":"First car","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mobil pertamanya, AGS JH1, muncul pada tahun 1969.","translated_text":"His first car, the AGS JH1, appeared in 1969.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mobil ini didesain oleh bawahan Julien, Christian Vanderpleyn warga negara Belgia yang bergabung dengan tim sejak akhir 1950an hingga 1988.","translated_text":"The car was designed by Julien's subordinate, Christian Vanderpleyn a Belgian who joined the team from the late 1950s to 1988.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Segera, AGS membuat mobil formula 3 sendiri dengan sangat ambisius namun tidak cukup bagus untuk melawan Martinis yang mendominasi seri tersebut pada era 1970an.","translated_text":"Soon, AGS made its own ambitious Formula 3 car but not good enough to fight the Martinis who dominated the series in the 1970s era.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Formula 2","translated_text":"Formula two","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"AGS mengambil langkah maju pada tahun 1978 saat tim dengan berani mulai berkompetisi di Eropa (Formula 2), dengan tetap menggunakan kendaraan (AGS JH15) yang dirancang (oleh Vanderpleyn), dibangun, dan dikemudikan sendiri.","translated_text":"AGS took a step forward in 1978 when the team boldly began competing in Europe (Formula 2), continuing to use vehicles (AGS JH15) designed (by Vanderpleyn), built, and driven by themselves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Formula 2 merupakan tantangan sulit bagi tim kecil tersebut, pada tahun 1978 dan 1979 tidak memperoleh poin.","translated_text":"Formula 2 was a difficult challenge for the small team, in 1978 and 1979 not earning points.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Awal 1980an menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik.","translated_text":"The early 1980s showed better results.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"AGS merupakan sedikit tim yang membangun mobil sendiri (bersama Maurer, Minardi, dan Merzario), dan memperoleh poin secara rutin, dan memperoleh kemenangan.","translated_text":"The AGS are the few teams that build their own cars (along with Maurer, Minardi, and Merzario), and earn points on a regular basis, earning victories.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"AGS membuat sejarah saat pembalap mereka, Philippe Streiff memenangkan seri terakhir pada tahun 1984, menggunakan AGS JH 19C.","translated_text":"AGS made history when their driver, Philippe Streiff, won the final series in 1984, using the AGS JH 19C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Formula 3000","translated_text":"The Formula 3000","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1985, AGS berpindah ke formula 3000 dengan sasis yang dibuat oleh Duqueine bersaudara.","translated_text":"In 1985, AGS moved to Formula 3000 with a chassis made by the Duqueine brothers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Hodges>{{cite book|last=Hodges|first=David|title=A-Z of Formula Racing Cars|url=https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3|year=1990|publisher=Bay View Books|location=Bideford, UK|isbn=1870979168|page=[https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3/page/n300 279]}}</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"Hodges","url":"https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.497844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref name=Hodges>{{cite book|last=Hodges|first=David|title=A-Z of Formula Racing Cars|url=https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3|year=1990|publisher=Bay View Books|location=Bideford, UK|isbn=1870979168|page=[https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3/page/n300 279]}}</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"Hodges","url":"https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.497844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, Julien tidak tertarik dengan organisasi dan regulasi seri yang baru, sehingga dia berpikir untuk mengambil langkah ke depan menuju balap mobil kelas dunia.","translated_text":"However, Julien was not interested in the organization and regulation of the new series, so he thought of taking a step forward toward world-class car racing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Formula 1","translated_text":"Formula One","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Awal Mula","translated_text":"The Beginning","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada akhir musim panas 1986, diputuskan AGS mengikuti Italian Grand Prix di Monza, seri pertama formula 1 yang diikutinya. struktur tim sangat mengejutkan, tim memiliki tidak lebih dari 7 pegawai dan masih beroperasi di garasi di Gonfaron.","translated_text":"At the end of the summer of 1986, it was decided that AGS would follow the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, the first Formula 1 series it followed. The team structure was surprising, the team had no more than 7 employees and was still operating in a garage in Gonfaron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dibandingkan dengan Williams, McLaren atau Ferrari di mana pada waktu itu memiliki fasilitas yang jauh lebih baik.","translated_text":"Compared to Williams, McLaren or Ferrari where at the time they had much better facilities.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"AGS hadir dengan mobil yang sekali lagi dirancang oleh Vanderpleyn.","translated_text":"AGS comes with a car once again designed by Vanderpleyn.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"JH21C adalah paduan unik antara bekas mobil formula 3000 AGS dengan part Renault F1 yang digunakan sangat ekstensif.","translated_text":"The JH21C is a unique alloy between the former Formula 3000 AGS car with the Renault F1 part being used extensively.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mobil ditenagai dengan mesin turbo Motori Moderni (yang oleh Carlo Chiti-dikembangkan untuk tim pembeli) dan dikemudikan oleh pendatang baru Ivan Capelli.","translated_text":"The car was powered by a Moderni Motori turbo engine (which was developed by Carlo Chiti for a team of buyers) and driven by newcomer Ivan Capelli.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa minggu sebelumnya, mobil telah diuji oleh Didier Pironi yang mengemudikan mobil F1 pertama kali sejak kecelakaan tahun 1982, tetapi memutuskan untuk tidak kembali.","translated_text":"A few weeks earlier, the car had been tested by Didier Pironi who drove an F1 car for the first time since the 1982 accident, but decided not to return.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena masalah teknik, tidak satu kalipun dalam seri pertama dan berikutnya kendaraan AGS mencapai finis.","translated_text":"Due to technical problems, not a single time in the first and subsequent series AGS vehicles reached the finish line.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"pada tahun 1987, mobil yang mirip dengan mobil sebelumnya disiapkan untuk menggunakan mesin non-turbo Cosworth DFZ.","translated_text":"In 1987, a car similar to the previous car was prepared to use the Cosworth DFZ non-turbo engine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pembalap tim Pascal Fabre merupakan pendatang baru.","translated_text":"Team driver Pascal Fabre is a newcomer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia adalah seorang pembalap yang dapat diandalkan, finis di 7 seri pertama dan hanya gagal finis 2 kali selama masa kerjanya.","translated_text":"He was a reliable driver, finishing in the first seven races and only failing to finish twice during his career.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun begitu, dia tidak pernah bersaing untuk mendapatkan poin dan gagal kualifikasi dalam 3 kesempatan.","translated_text":"Despite this, he never competed for points and failed to qualify on three occasions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"AGS berkembang dalam 2 balapan terakhir pada musim tersebut saat Fabre digantikan oleh pembalap Brazil Roberto Moreno (yang mendapat kesempatan pertama di F1 sejak 1982 di mana dia gagal kualifikasi dengan Lotus). pada seri Adelaide, Moreno mendapatkan poin pertama untuk AGS, yang berarti tim mengakhiri musim dengan tim yang kondisinya lebih baik Ligier dan March.","translated_text":"AGS improved in the last 2 races of the season when Fabre was replaced by Brazilian driver Roberto Moreno (who got his first chance in F1 since 1982 where he failed to qualify with Lotus).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengambilalihan","translated_text":"Acquisition","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1988, AGS memulai dengan mobil baru dan pembalap Philippe Streiff.","translated_text":"In 1988, AGS started with a new car and driver Philippe Streiff.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Streiff mengemudikan dengan sangat bertenaga namun hanya finis 4 kali karena masalah teknis dan kecelakaan.","translated_text":"Streiff drove very powerfully but only finished four times due to technical problems and accidents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara finansial, awaltahun dimulai dengan sangat baik dan berakhir dengan bencana.","translated_text":"Financially, last year started very well and ended disastrously.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"AGS memiliki sponsor yang sangat bagus - Bouygues group - yang menjanjikan tidak hanya mendukung balapan, tetapi juga penyelesaian markas baru di luar Gonfaron.","translated_text":"AGS had a very good sponsor - the Bouygues group - who promised not only to support the race, but also the completion of the new headquarters outside Gonfaron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah AGS mulai bekerja di fasilitas yang baru, Bouygues mengundurkan diri dari tim, meninggalkan Julien tanpa dukungan.","translated_text":"After AGS began work on the new facility, Bouygues resigned from the team, leaving Julien without support.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk menyelamatkan tim, dia menjual kepada Cyril de Rouvre, enterpreneur Prancis dengan beragam ambisi.","translated_text":"To save the team, he sold it to Cyril de Rouvre, a French entrepreneur with diverse ambitions.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kesulitan","translated_text":"Difficulties","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kondisi segera memburuk. manajemen tim berganti berkali-kali (Vanderpleyn berpindah ke Coloni) dan menyebabkan banyak ketidakteraturan.","translated_text":"Conditions soon deteriorated. Team management changed several times (Vanderpleyn moved to the Colony) and caused many irregularities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang terburuk terjadi saat Streiff tidak sadarkan diri saat kecelakaan di Brazil sebelum musim 1989 dimulai.","translated_text":"The worst happened when Streiff went unconscious in an accident in Brazil before the 1989 season began.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa | title=Around and about, May 1989 | access-date=2023-04-24 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa | dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":"https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153740,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:06.354727-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92138671875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa | title=Around and about, May 1989 | access-date=2023-04-24 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa | dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.280919-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dia digantikan oleh Gabriele Tarquini, yang mengejutkan dengan performa baik dalam paruh pertama musim.","translated_text":"He was replaced by Gabriele Tarquini, who surprisingly performed well in the first half of the season.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia sangat dekat dengan poin di 1989 Monaco Grand Prix dan 1989 United States Grand Prix, tetapi gagal finis di kedua seri.","translated_text":"He was very close to points at the 1989 Monaco Grand Prix and the 1989 United States Grand Prix, but failed to finish in both series.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kondisi menjadi lebih baik di 1989 Mexican Grand Prix, di mana dia finis di posisi keenam dan memperoleh poin pertama.","translated_text":"Conditions improved at the 1989 Mexican Grand Prix, where he finished sixth and earned the first points.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun setelah kondisi tersebut, tim kembali tidak kompetitif.","translated_text":"But after those conditions, the team returned uncompetitive.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada paruh kedua musim 1989, tim harus mengikuti prakualifikasi, kondisi yang tidak pernah diselesaikan oleh Gabriele Tarquini dan Yannick Dalmas.","translated_text":"In the second half of the 1989 season, the team had to go through pre-qualification, a condition that was never completed by Gabriele Tarquini and Yannick Dalmas.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"AGS kemudian finis di peringkat 15 konstruktor, sama dengan Larrousse.","translated_text":"AGS then finished 15th in the constructors' standings, the same as Larrousse.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat musim panas, muncul rumor bahwa AGS akan segera menggunakan mesin W12 yang dikembangkan oleh desainer Prancis Guy Nègre.","translated_text":"During the summer, rumours surfaced that AGS would soon be using a W12 engine developed by French designer Guy Nègre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mesin MGN (Moteurs Guy Nègre) muncul pada akhir 1988 dan diuji pada sasis AGS lama pada musim panas 1989.","translated_text":"The MGN engine (Moteurs Guy Nègre) appeared in late 1988 and was tested on the old AGS chassis in the summer of 1989.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian diketahui bahwa AGS tidak terkait dengan tes, yang merupakan usaha pribadi dari Negre.","translated_text":"It was later revealed that AGS was not related to the test, which was Negre's personal endeavor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mesin tersebut tidak pernah mengikuti balap F1, tetapi diumumkan akan mengikuti Le Mans 1990 dengan nama Norma M6.","translated_text":"The engine never competed in F1, but was announced to compete at Le Mans 1990 under the name Norma M6.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Akhirnya, AGS menggunakan mesin Cosworth lagi pada tahun 1990. tahun itu tidak menunjukkan perkembangan sama sekali, di mana hasil terbaiknya adalah finis ke-9 di 1990 Spanish Grand Prix dengan pembalap Dalmas dan pada awal musim 1991 tim terlihat akan segera berakhir.","translated_text":"Finally, AGS used the Cosworth engine again in 1990. That year showed no progress at all, where his best result was a 9th-place finish at the 1990 Spanish Grand Prix with Dalmas and at the start of the 1991 season the team looked to be coming to an end soon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tim hanya memiliki sedikit uang.","translated_text":"The team only has a little money.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada seri pertama musim 1991 di Phoenix, tim tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk membeli makan siang dan anggota tim harus membeli sendiri.","translated_text":"In the first series of the 1991 season in Phoenix, the team did not have enough money to buy lunch and the team members had to buy it themselves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam seri tersebut Tarquini finished ke-8, yang merupakan finis terakhir bagi AGS.","translated_text":"In that series Tarquini finished eighth, which was the final finish for AGS.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"De Rouvre menjual tim kepada enterpreneur Italia, Patrizio Cantù dan Gabriele Raffanelli.","translated_text":"De Rouvre sold the team to Italian entrepreneurs Patrizio Cantù and Gabriele Raffanelli.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keduanya mengubah sedikit dari tim di mana Stefan Johansson digantikan oleh pendatang baru Fabrizio Barbazza dan mengganti warna tim dari putih menjadi biru, merah dan kuning.","translated_text":"The two changed slightly from the team where Stefan Johansson was replaced by newcomer Fabrizio Barbazza and changed the team colours from white to blue, red and yellow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mobil baru muncul di awal musim semi, tetapi tim dalam masalah lagi, sehingga dibubarkan setelah 1991 Spanish Grand Prix.","translated_text":"A new car appeared early in the spring, but the team was in trouble again, so it was disbanded after the 1991 Spanish Grand Prix.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"AGS bertahan sebagai sekolah formula 1 di Le Luc, dekat Gonfaron).","translated_text":"AGS survived as a Formula 1 school in Le Luc, near Gonfaron).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Garage de l'Avenir masih tetap ada.","translated_text":"The Garage de l'Avenir is still there.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hasil Lengkap Formula 1","translated_text":"Full results of Formula One","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)","translated_text":"(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align:center; font-size:90%\"\n! tahun\n! Sasis\n! Mesin\n! Ban\n! Pembalap\n! 1\n! 2\n! 3\n! 4\n! 5\n! 6\n! 7\n! 8\n! 9\n! 10\n! 11\n! 12\n! 13\n! 14\n! 15\n! 16\n! Points\n! WCC\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{F1|1986}}\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[AGS JH21]]\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[Motori Moderni]] [[V6 engine|V6]] ([[Turbocharger|t/c]])\n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{Pirelli}}\n||\n|| [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]\n|| [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]\n|| [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Ivan Capelli]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n||\n||\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{F1|1987}}\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[AGS JH22]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]\n|| [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]\n|| [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''1'''\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''12th'''\n|-\n| [[Pascal Fabre]]\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 12\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 10\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 12\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| NC\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Roberto Moreno]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#DFFFDF\"| 6\n|- \n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{F1|1988}}\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[AGS JH23]]\n| rowspan=\"2\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"2\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]\n|| [[1988 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1988 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1988 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"2\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Philippe Streiff]]\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 10\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 12\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 10\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 8\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 11\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{F1|1989}}\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[AGS JH23|AGS JH23B]]<br />[[AGS JH24]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1989 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1989 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1989 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1989 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1989 United States Grand Prix|USA]]\n|| [[1989 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1989 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1989 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1989 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1989 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1989 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1989 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1989 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1989 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1989 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1989 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''1'''\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''15th'''\n|-\n| [[Philippe Streiff]]\n| WD\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Gabriele Tarquini]]\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 8\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#DFFFDF\"| 6\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 7\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"|DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|-\n| [[Joachim Winkelhock]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Yannick Dalmas]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|-\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{F1|1990}}\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[AGS JH24]]<br />[[AGS JH25]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"3\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1990 United States Grand Prix|USA]]\n|| [[1990 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1990 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1990 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1990 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1990 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1990 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1990 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1990 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1990 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1990 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1990 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1990 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1990 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1990 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1990 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"3\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Gabriele Tarquini]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 13\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|-\n| [[Yannick Dalmas]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 17\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| NC\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 9\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|-\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{F1|1991}}\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[AGS JH25|AGS JH25B]]<br />[[AGS JH27]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[V8 engine|V8]]\n| rowspan=\"5\"| {{Goodyear}}\n||\n|| [[1991 United States Grand Prix|USA]]\n|| [[1991 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]\n|| [[1991 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]\n|| [[1991 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]\n|| [[1991 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]\n|| [[1991 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]\n|| [[1991 French Grand Prix|FRA]]\n|| [[1991 British Grand Prix|GBR]]\n|| [[1991 German Grand Prix|GER]]\n|| [[1991 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]\n|| [[1991 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]\n|| [[1991 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]\n|| [[1991 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]\n|| [[1991 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]\n|| [[1991 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]\n|| [[1991 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''0'''\n|rowspan=\"5\"|'''NC'''\n|-\n| [[Gabriele Tarquini]]\n|bgcolor=\"#CFCFFF\"| 8\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#EFCFFF\"| Ret\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Olivier Grouillard]]\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Stefan Johansson]]\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n||\n|-\n| [[Fabrizio Barbazza]]\n||\n||\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n|bgcolor=\"#FFCFCF\"| DNPQ\n||\n||\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"AGS Formule 1 Chequered Flag Motorsport's profile of AGS","translated_text":"AGS Formula 1 Chequered Flag Motorsport's profile of AGS","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714201041/http://cfm.globalf1.net/?page_id=73 |date=2007-07-14 }}","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714201041/http://cfm.globalf1.net/?page_id=73","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.354454-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Konstruktor Formula Satu Kategori:Tim F1 Prancis","translated_text":"Formula One constructor Category:French F1 team","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1985, AGS berpindah ke formula 3000 dengan sasis yang dibuat oleh Duqueine bersaudara.","translated_text":"In 1985, AGS moved to Formula 3000 with a chassis made by the Duqueine brothers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Hodges>{{cite book|last=Hodges|first=David|title=A-Z of Formula Racing Cars|url=https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3|year=1990|publisher=Bay View Books|location=Bideford, UK|isbn=1870979168|page=[https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3/page/n300 279]}}</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"Hodges","url":"https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.497844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref name=Hodges>{{cite book|last=Hodges|first=David|title=A-Z of Formula Racing Cars|url=https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3|year=1990|publisher=Bay View Books|location=Bideford, UK|isbn=1870979168|page=[https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3/page/n300 279]}}</ref>","char_index":97,"name":"Hodges","url":"https://archive.org/details/azofformularacin0000hodg_l5i3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.497844-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Kondisi segera memburuk. manajemen tim berganti berkali-kali (Vanderpleyn berpindah ke Coloni) dan menyebabkan banyak ketidakteraturan. Yang terburuk terjadi saat Streiff tidak sadarkan diri saat kecelakaan di Brazil sebelum musim 1989 dimulai.","translated_text":"Conditions soon deteriorated. Team management changed several times (Vanderpleyn moved to the Colony) and caused many irregularities. The worst happened when Streiff went unconscious in an accident in Brazil before the 1989 season began.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa | title=Around and about, May 1989 | access-date=2023-04-24 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa | dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":244,"name":null,"url":"https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153740,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:06.354727-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92138671875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989?v=7516fd43adaa | title=Around and about, May 1989 | access-date=2023-04-24 | archive-date=2023-04-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa | dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":244,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093641/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/may-1989/7/around-and-about-may-1989/?v=7516fd43adaa","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.280919-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"AGS Formule 1 Chequered Flag Motorsport's profile of AGS","translated_text":"AGS Formula 1 Chequered Flag Motorsport's profile of AGS","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714201041/http://cfm.globalf1.net/?page_id=73 |date=2007-07-14 }}","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070714201041/http://cfm.globalf1.net/?page_id=73","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.354454-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Basijobang","wikicode":"#ALIH  [[Sijobang]]","hash":"644ec33843aa757fa36895430dc453f41cec6e1daa8b4d37365ccaafc4ac82a8","last_revision":"2010-07-29T05:00:25Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T09:59:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.712806","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Sijobang\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Sijobang","translated_text":"It's a nightmare.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Cross Gates","wikicode":"{{infobox UK place\n|country = Inggris\n|latitude = 53.806346\n|longitude = -1.450575\n|official_name = Cross Gates\n|population = \n|metropolitan_borough = [[Kota Leeds]]\n|metropolitan_county = [[West Yorkshire]]\n|region = Yorkshire and the Humber   \n|constituency_westminster = [[Leeds Timur]]\n|post_town = LEEDS\n|postcode_district = LS15\n|postcode_area = LS  \n|dial_code = 0113\n|os_grid_reference = SE362345\n|static_image = [[Berkas:Crogster001.jpg|250px]]\n|static_image_caption = <small>Jalan utama di depan stasiun.</small>  \n}}\n\n'''Cross Gates''' (juga dieja sebagai '''Crossgates''') adalah sebuah daerah [[suburban]] besar di timur [[Leeds]], [West Yorkshire], [[Inggris]]. Daerah ini terletak di antara [[Seacroft]] di utara, [[Whitkirk]] dan [[Colton]] di selatan, [[Killingbeck]] di barat dan [[Austhorpe]] di tenggara. [[Manston]] dan [[Pendas Fields]] pada umumnya dianggap sebagai bagian dari Cross Gates.\n\n== Lokasi ==\nWilayah ini terletak sekitar {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on|0}} di timur [[pusat kota Leeds]] dan terletak di daerah Leeds dengan [[kodepos]] LS15. Cross Gates sangat populer di antara penduduk lokal yang suka berbelanja sebagai alternatif dari pusat kota Leeds karena daerah ini memiliki tempat perbelanjaan tersendiri - Cross Gates [[Arndale Centres|Arndale Centre]] yang sekarang dikenal sebagai '''Crossgates Shopping Centre''' - dilengkapi dengan toko-toko label utama selain banyak toko independen dan layanan [[perpustakaan]] setempat.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.crossgatestoday.co.uk/ YEP Situs Web Komunitas Cross Gates Sekarang]\n* [http://www.crossgates-shopping.co.uk/ Crossgates Shopping Centre]\n\n{{Commonscat|Cross Gates}}\n{{Britania Raya-geo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Leeds]]\n\n[[en:Cross Gates, Leeds]]\n[[es:Cross Gates]]","hash":"d5cd2dc844533d54edeb29cf8a7ffcac7dd9625ef50db6353ca97ffbdf3e910c","last_revision":"2016-10-27T11:29:41Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T10:10:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.763894","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Cross Gates, Leeds","es":"Cross Gates","fr":"Cross Gates","ga":"Cross Gates"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Cross Gates (juga dieja sebagai Crossgates) adalah sebuah daerah suburban besar di timur Leeds, [West Yorkshire], Inggris. Daerah ini terletak di antara Seacroft di utara, Whitkirk dan Colton di selatan, Killingbeck di barat dan Austhorpe di tenggara. Manston dan Pendas Fields pada umumnya dianggap sebagai bagian dari Cross Gates.\n\nWilayah ini terletak sekitar di timur pusat kota Leeds dan terletak di daerah Leeds dengan kodepos LS15. Cross Gates sangat populer di antara penduduk lokal yang suka berbelanja sebagai alternatif dari pusat kota Leeds karena daerah ini memiliki tempat perbelanjaan tersendiri - Cross Gates Arndale Centre yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Crossgates Shopping Centre - dilengkapi dengan toko-toko label utama selain banyak toko independen dan layanan perpustakaan setempat.\n\nYEP Situs Web Komunitas Cross Gates Sekarang Crossgates Shopping Centre\n\nKategori:Leeds\n\nen:Cross Gates, Leeds es:Cross Gates\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox UK place\n|country = Inggris\n|latitude = 53.806346\n|longitude = -1.450575\n|official_name = Cross Gates\n|population = \n|metropolitan_borough = [[Kota Leeds]]\n|metropolitan_county = [[West Yorkshire]]\n|region = Yorkshire and the Humber   \n|constituency_westminster = [[Leeds Timur]]\n|post_town = LEEDS\n|postcode_district = LS15\n|postcode_area = LS  \n|dial_code = 0113\n|os_grid_reference = SE362345\n|static_image = [[Berkas:Crogster001.jpg|250px]]\n|static_image_caption = <small>Jalan utama di depan stasiun.</small>  \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cross Gates (juga dieja sebagai Crossgates) adalah sebuah daerah suburban besar di timur Leeds, [West Yorkshire], Inggris.","translated_text":"Cross Gates (also spelled as Crossgates) is a large suburban area in east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Daerah ini terletak di antara Seacroft di utara, Whitkirk dan Colton di selatan, Killingbeck di barat dan Austhorpe di tenggara.","translated_text":"The area lies between Seacroft to the north, Whitkirk and Colton to the south, Killingbeck to the west and Austhorpe to the southeast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Manston dan Pendas Fields pada umumnya dianggap sebagai bagian dari Cross Gates.","translated_text":"Manston and Pendas Fields are generally considered to be part of the Cross Gates.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lokasi","translated_text":"Location","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wilayah ini terletak sekitar di timur pusat kota Leeds dan terletak di daerah Leeds dengan kodepos LS15.","translated_text":"It is situated approximately east of Leeds city centre and lies in the Leeds area with the zip code LS15.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cross Gates sangat populer di antara penduduk lokal yang suka berbelanja sebagai alternatif dari pusat kota Leeds karena daerah ini memiliki tempat perbelanjaan tersendiri - Cross Gates Arndale Centre yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Crossgates Shopping Centre - dilengkapi dengan toko-toko label utama selain banyak toko independen dan layanan perpustakaan setempat.","translated_text":"Cross Gates is very popular with locals who like to shop as an alternative to Leeds city centre as the area has its own shopping centre - Cross Gates Arndale Centre now known as Crossgates Shopping Centre - equipped with major label shops in addition to many independent shops and local library services.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"YEP Situs Web Komunitas Cross Gates Sekarang Crossgates Shopping Centre","translated_text":"YEP Cross Gates Community Web site is now Crossgates Shopping Centre","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Leeds","translated_text":"See also Category:Leeds","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"en:Cross Gates, Leeds es:Cross Gates","translated_text":"Cross gates, Leeds ice cross gates","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Hipertermia","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|Termometer analog dapat digunakan untuk pengukuran hipertermia.]]\n\n'''Hipertermia''' adalah peningkatan [[suhu]] inti tubuh [[manusia]] yang biasanya terjadi karena [[infeksi]].<ref name=\"a\">James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson (1996). Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies. Jones and Bartlett. 978-0867205053. Page.138</ref> Hipertermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu tubuh yang terlalu [[panas]] atau tinggi.<ref name=\"b\"/> Umumnya, manusia akan mengeluarkan [[keringat]] untuk menurunkan [[suhu]] tubuh.<ref name=\"b\"/> Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, suhu dapat meningkat dengan cepat hingga pengeluaran [[keringat]] tidak memberikan pengaruh yang cukup.<ref name=\"b\"/> Hipertermia cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada [[bayi]] dan [[anak]] di bawah [[usia]] 4 tahun dan [[orang tua]] yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas.<ref name=\"b\"/> Selan itu, orang yang kelebihan [[berat badan]], sedang [[sakit]], atau berada dalam pengobatan tertentu juga memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertermia.<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news \n|first = \n|last = \n|author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr.\n|coauthors =\n|url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during\n|title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness\n|work = \n|publisher = MedicineNet, Inc\n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = \n|accessdate = \n|quote =\n}}\n</ref> [[Suhu]] tubuh yang terlalu tinggi dapat merusak otak dan organ vital lainnya.<ref name=\"b\"/> Pada penderita hipertermia parah, gejala yang akan timbul meliputi kondisi [[mental]] kelelahan, cemas, tubuh [[konvulsi|kejang]], dan dapat mengakibatkan [[koma]].<ref name=\"a\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gejala penyakit]]\n\n\n{{kesehatan-stub}}","hash":"0451b388109a8186ff67e17c0816d31e2ec8b68b9e475c7f64f5fa8cddc77156","last_revision":"2023-09-01T10:47:23Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T10:19:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.827019","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"فرط الحرارة","be":"Гіпертэрмія","bg":"Инсолация","ca":"Hipertèrmia","cs":"Přehřátí organismu","da":"Hedeslag","de":"Hyperthermie","el":"Θερμοπληξία","en":"Hyperthermia","es":"Hipertermia","et":"Hüpertermia","eu":"Hipertermia","fa":"گرمازدگی","fi":"Lämpöhalvaus","fr":"Hyperthermie","ga":"Hipirteirme","gl":"Hipertermia","hak":"Pot-sâ","he":"היפרתרמיה","hi":"अतिताप","hu":"Hőguta","hy":"Հիպերթերմիա","it":"Ipertermia","ja":"熱中症","kk":"Гипертермия","ko":"열중증","ms":"Hipertermia","ne":"अतिताप","nl":"Hyperthermie (aandoening)","nb":"Hypertermi","pl":"Hipertermia","pt":"Hipertermia","ro":"Hipertermie","ru":"Гипертермия","sh":"Hipertermija","si":"Hyperthermia","simple":"Hyperthermia","sk":"Hypertermia (prehriatie)","sl":"Hipertermija","sq":"Hipertermia","sr":"Топлотни удар","sv":"Hypertermi","th":"ภาวะไข้สูง","tr":"Hipertermi","uk":"Гіпертермія","uz":"Issiq elitishi","vi":"Tăng thân nhiệt","zh":"高熱","zh-yue":"高溫症"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Hipertermia adalah peningkatan suhu inti tubuh manusia yang biasanya terjadi karena infeksi. Hipertermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu tubuh yang terlalu panas atau tinggi. Umumnya, manusia akan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh. Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, suhu dapat meningkat dengan cepat hingga pengeluaran keringat tidak memberikan pengaruh yang cukup. Hipertermia cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak di bawah usia 4 tahun dan orang tua yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Selan itu, orang yang kelebihan berat badan, sedang sakit, atau berada dalam pengobatan tertentu juga memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertermia. Suhu tubuh yang terlalu tinggi dapat merusak otak dan organ vital lainnya. Pada penderita hipertermia parah, gejala yang akan timbul meliputi kondisi mental kelelahan, cemas, tubuh kejang, dan dapat mengakibatkan koma.\n\nKategori:Gejala penyakit\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hipertermia adalah peningkatan suhu inti tubuh manusia yang biasanya terjadi karena infeksi.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia is an increase in the core temperature of the human body that is usually caused by an infection.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson (1996). Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies. Jones and Bartlett. 978-0867205053. Page.138</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hipertermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu tubuh yang terlalu panas atau tinggi.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia can also be defined as too hot or too high a body temperature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":87,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Umumnya, manusia akan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh.","translated_text":"Generally, humans sweat to lower their body temperature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":72,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, suhu dapat meningkat dengan cepat hingga pengeluaran keringat tidak memberikan pengaruh yang cukup.","translated_text":"However, under certain circumstances, temperatures can rise so rapidly that sweat expenditure does not provide sufficient influence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":129,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hipertermia cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak di bawah usia 4 tahun dan orang tua yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia tends to occur more frequently in infants and children under 4 years of age and in adults 65 years of age and older.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":128,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selan itu, orang yang kelebihan berat badan, sedang sakit, atau berada dalam pengobatan tertentu juga memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertermia.","translated_text":"Furthermore, people who are overweight, sick, or on certain medications also have a higher risk of developing hyperthermia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":163,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suhu tubuh yang terlalu tinggi dapat merusak otak dan organ vital lainnya.","translated_text":"Excessive body temperature can damage the brain and other vital organs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":74,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada penderita hipertermia parah, gejala yang akan timbul meliputi kondisi mental kelelahan, cemas, tubuh kejang, dan dapat mengakibatkan koma.","translated_text":"In severe hyperthermia, symptoms that will arise include mental fatigue, anxiety, body seizures, and can result in a coma.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson (1996). Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies. Jones and Bartlett. 978-0867205053. Page.138</ref>","char_index":143,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gejala penyakit","translated_text":"Category:Symptoms of the disease","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Hipertermia adalah peningkatan suhu inti tubuh manusia yang biasanya terjadi karena infeksi.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia is an increase in the core temperature of the human body that is usually caused by an infection.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson (1996). Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies. Jones and Bartlett. 978-0867205053. Page.138</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hipertermia adalah peningkatan suhu inti tubuh manusia yang biasanya terjadi karena infeksi. Hipertermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu tubuh yang terlalu panas atau tinggi.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia is an increase in the core temperature of the human body that is usually caused by an infection. Hyperthermia can also be defined as too hot or too high a body temperature.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":180,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}]},{"text":"Hipertermia adalah peningkatan suhu inti tubuh manusia yang biasanya terjadi karena infeksi. Hipertermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu tubuh yang terlalu panas atau tinggi. Umumnya, manusia akan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia is an increase in the core temperature of the human body that is usually caused by an infection. Hyperthermia can also be defined as too hot or too high a body temperature. Generally, humans sweat to lower their body temperature.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":253,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}]},{"text":"Hipertermia juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai suhu tubuh yang terlalu panas atau tinggi. Umumnya, manusia akan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh. Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, suhu dapat meningkat dengan cepat hingga pengeluaran keringat tidak memberikan pengaruh yang cukup.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia can also be defined as too hot or too high a body temperature. Generally, humans sweat to lower their body temperature. However, under certain circumstances, temperatures can rise so rapidly that sweat expenditure does not provide sufficient influence.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":290,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}]},{"text":"Umumnya, manusia akan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh. Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, suhu dapat meningkat dengan cepat hingga pengeluaran keringat tidak memberikan pengaruh yang cukup. Hipertermia cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak di bawah usia 4 tahun dan orang tua yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas.","translated_text":"Generally, humans sweat to lower their body temperature. However, under certain circumstances, temperatures can rise so rapidly that sweat expenditure does not provide sufficient influence. Hyperthermia tends to occur more frequently in infants and children under 4 years of age and in adults 65 years of age and older.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":331,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}]},{"text":"Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, suhu dapat meningkat dengan cepat hingga pengeluaran keringat tidak memberikan pengaruh yang cukup. Hipertermia cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak di bawah usia 4 tahun dan orang tua yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Selan itu, orang yang kelebihan berat badan, sedang sakit, atau berada dalam pengobatan tertentu juga memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertermia.","translated_text":"However, under certain circumstances, temperatures can rise so rapidly that sweat expenditure does not provide sufficient influence. Hyperthermia tends to occur more frequently in infants and children under 4 years of age and in adults 65 years of age and older. Furthermore, people who are overweight, sick, or on certain medications also have a higher risk of developing hyperthermia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":422,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}]},{"text":"Hipertermia cenderung lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dan anak di bawah usia 4 tahun dan orang tua yang berumur 65 tahun ke atas. Selan itu, orang yang kelebihan berat badan, sedang sakit, atau berada dalam pengobatan tertentu juga memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertermia. Suhu tubuh yang terlalu tinggi dapat merusak otak dan organ vital lainnya.","translated_text":"Hyperthermia tends to occur more frequently in infants and children under 4 years of age and in adults 65 years of age and older. Furthermore, people who are overweight, sick, or on certain medications also have a higher risk of developing hyperthermia. Excessive body temperature can damage the brain and other vital organs.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"b\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Steven Doerr, William C. Shiel Jr. |coauthors = |url = http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm#1during |title = Hyperthermia and Heat-Related Illness |work = |publisher = MedicineNet, Inc |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":367,"name":"b","url":"http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperthermia/article.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.425648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75341796875}]},{"text":"Selan itu, orang yang kelebihan berat badan, sedang sakit, atau berada dalam pengobatan tertentu juga memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertermia. Suhu tubuh yang terlalu tinggi dapat merusak otak dan organ vital lainnya. Pada penderita hipertermia parah, gejala yang akan timbul meliputi kondisi mental kelelahan, cemas, tubuh kejang, dan dapat mengakibatkan koma.","translated_text":"Furthermore, people who are overweight, sick, or on certain medications also have a higher risk of developing hyperthermia. Excessive body temperature can damage the brain and other vital organs. In severe hyperthermia, symptoms that will arise include mental fatigue, anxiety, body seizures, and can result in a coma.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">James S. Seidel, Deborah P. Henderson (1996). Prehospital care of pediatric emergencies. Jones and Bartlett. 978-0867205053. Page.138</ref>","char_index":382,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Olegário Benquerença","wikicode":"{{Infobox wasit\n|name = Olegário Benquerença\n|image = [[Berkas:Olegário Benquerença.png|250px]]\n|fullname = Olegário Manuel Bartolo Faustino Benquerença\n|dateofbirth = [[18 Oktober]] [[1969]] ({{umur|1969|7|4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}} tahun)\n|cityofbirth = [[Batalha, Portugal|Batalha]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Portugal]]\n|height = {{height|m=1.84}}\n|warganegara = {{negaranama|Portugal}}\n|fifalicense = [[2001]]\n|1im = \n|otheroccupation = Karyawan Asuransi\n|league = \n|years = \n|role = \n|internationalyears = [[2001]] – ''kini''\n|confederation = Berlisensi [[FIFA]]\n|internationalrole = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|FIFAyears = [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]''\n|FIFAtournament = [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-17]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-20]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA|Piala Dunia]]\n|FIFAmatch = 4 <br /> 3 <br /> ?\n|regionalyears = \n|regionaltournament = \n|regionalmatch = \n}}\n'''Olegário Benquerença''' ({{lahirmati|[[Batalha, Portugal|Batalha]], [[Portugal]]|18|10|1969}}) merupakan seorang [[wasit (sepak bola)|wasit]] yang berasal dari [[Portugal]]. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun [[2001]].<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html Portugal - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-02-12 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref> Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan seorang karyawan asuransi.\n\nPada [[28 Januari]] [[2004]], Olegário memimpin pertandingan antara tuan rumah [[Vitoria SC]] dan [[SL Benfica]]. Pada akhir pertandingan, ia memberikan kartu kuning pada pemain [[Hungaria]], [[Miklós Fehér]]. Fehér sempat tersenyum kepada Olegário, sebelum akhirnya jatuh dan pingsan. Fehér kemudian meninggal dunia di rumah sakit di [[Guimarães]]. Feher diduga mengalami serangan jantung.<ref>Jones, Grahame L. [http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/26/sports/sp-soccerrail26 Benfica Player Dies]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', [[26 Januari]] [[2004]]. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>\n\n== Turnamen ==\nOlegário Benquerença telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni : \n* [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2007]]\n* [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2008]] <small>(Sebagai wasit cadangan)</small>\n* [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009]]\n* ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]''\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{WorldReferee|514}}\n* [http://idn.worldfootball.net/schiedsrichter_profil/olegario-benquerenca/ Entri] pada [http://idn.worldfootball.net WorldFootball.net]\n\n{{Wasit PD2010}}\n\n{{lifetime|1969||}}\n\n[[Kategori:Wasit sepak bola Portugal|Benquerença, Olegário]]\n\n\n{{wasit-stub}}","hash":"aad77bf50a30463111b6c8d56ca928e69a64744807b2e7053af4922b69544480","last_revision":"2023-04-27T12:16:13Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T10:28:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.882726","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أوليغاريو بنكويرينسا","ca":"Olegário Benquerença","da":"Olegário Benquerença","de":"Olegário Benquerença","en":"Olegário Benquerença","es":"Olegário Benquerença","fa":"الگاریو بنکیورنسا","fi":"Olegário Benquerença","fr":"Olegário Benquerença","hu":"Olegário Benquerença","it":"Olegário Benquerença","ja":"オレガリオ・ベンケレンサ","ko":"올레가리우 벵케렌사","mg":"Olegário Benquerença","mr":"ओलेगारियो बेन्क्वेरेंका","nl":"Olegário Benquerença","nb":"Olegário Benquerença","pl":"Olegário Benquerença","pt":"Olegário Benquerença","ro":"Olegário Benquerença","ru":"Бенкеренса, Олегариу","sv":"Olegário Benquerença","tr":"Olegário Benquerença","uk":"Олегаріу Бенкеренса","zh":"奥莱加里欧·本奎伦卡"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.131575","text":"Olegário Benquerença () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Portugal. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2001. Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan seorang karyawan asuransi.\n\nPada 28 Januari 2004, Olegário memimpin pertandingan antara tuan rumah Vitoria SC dan SL Benfica. Pada akhir pertandingan, ia memberikan kartu kuning pada pemain Hungaria, Miklós Fehér. Fehér sempat tersenyum kepada Olegário, sebelum akhirnya jatuh dan pingsan. Fehér kemudian meninggal dunia di rumah sakit di Guimarães. Feher diduga mengalami serangan jantung.\n\nOlegário Benquerença telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni : Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2007 Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2008 (Sebagai wasit cadangan) Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n\nEntri pada WorldFootball.net\n\nBenquerença, Olegário\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox wasit\n|name = Olegário Benquerença\n|image = [[Berkas:Olegário Benquerença.png|250px]]\n|fullname = Olegário Manuel Bartolo Faustino Benquerença\n|dateofbirth = [[18 Oktober]] [[1969]] ({{umur|1969|7|4|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}} tahun)\n|cityofbirth = [[Batalha, Portugal|Batalha]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Portugal]]\n|height = {{height|m=1.84}}\n|warganegara = {{negaranama|Portugal}}\n|fifalicense = [[2001]]\n|1im = \n|otheroccupation = Karyawan Asuransi\n|league = \n|years = \n|role = \n|internationalyears = [[2001]] – ''kini''\n|confederation = Berlisensi [[FIFA]]\n|internationalrole = [[Wasit (sepak bola)|Wasit]]\n|FIFAyears = [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2007|2007]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009|2009]] <br /> ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]''\n|FIFAtournament = [[Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-17]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA|Piala Dunia U-20]] <br /> [[Piala Dunia FIFA|Piala Dunia]]\n|FIFAmatch = 4 <br /> 3 <br /> ?\n|regionalyears = \n|regionaltournament = \n|regionalmatch = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Olegário Benquerença () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Portugal.","translated_text":"Olegário Benquerença () was a Portuguese referee.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2001.","translated_text":"He has been an international referee since 2001.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html Portugal - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-02-12 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1359,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.793441-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html Portugal - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-02-12 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.816594-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain menjadi wasit, ia juga merupakan seorang karyawan asuransi.","translated_text":"In addition to being a referee, he was also an insurance employee.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 28 Januari 2004, Olegário memimpin pertandingan antara tuan rumah Vitoria SC dan SL Benfica.","translated_text":"On 28 January 2004, Olegário led the match between the hosts Vitoria SC and SL Benfica.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhir pertandingan, ia memberikan kartu kuning pada pemain Hungaria, Miklós Fehér.","translated_text":"At the end of the match, he handed a yellow card to Hungarian player Miklós Fehér.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fehér sempat tersenyum kepada Olegário, sebelum akhirnya jatuh dan pingsan.","translated_text":"Fehér smiled at Olegário, before finally falling and passing out.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fehér kemudian meninggal dunia di rumah sakit di Guimarães.","translated_text":"Fehér later died in a hospital in Guimarães.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Feher diduga mengalami serangan jantung.","translated_text":"Feher is believed to have suffered a heart attack.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Jones, Grahame L. [http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/26/sports/sp-soccerrail26 Benfica Player Dies]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', [[26 Januari]] [[2004]]. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":40,"name":null,"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/26/sports/sp-soccerrail26","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.885970-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Turnamen","translated_text":"Tournament","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Olegário Benquerença telah memimpin pertandingan dalam beberapa turnamen, yakni : Piala Dunia U-17 FIFA 2007 Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2008 (Sebagai wasit cadangan) Piala Dunia U-20 FIFA 2009 Piala Dunia FIFA 2010","translated_text":"Olegário Benquerença has led matches in several tournaments, including: 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup 2008 UEFA European Championship (As a reserve referee) 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup 2010 FIFA World Cup","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Entri pada WorldFootball.net","translated_text":"Entries to WorldFootball.net","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Benquerença, Olegário","translated_text":"Benquerença, Olegário","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Olegário Benquerença () merupakan seorang wasit yang berasal dari Portugal. Ia telah menjadi wasit internasional sejak tahun 2001.","translated_text":"Olegário Benquerença () was a Portuguese referee. He has been an international referee since 2001.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html Portugal - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-02-12 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1359,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.793441-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>[http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html Portugal - Men's Referees List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html |date=2009-02-12 }}, ''Situs Resmi [[FIFA]]''. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090212150247/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/association=por/peoplekind=ref.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.816594-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fehér sempat tersenyum kepada Olegário, sebelum akhirnya jatuh dan pingsan. Fehér kemudian meninggal dunia di rumah sakit di Guimarães. Feher diduga mengalami serangan jantung.","translated_text":"Fehér smiled at Olegário, before finally falling and passing out. Fehér later died in a hospital in Guimarães. Feher is believed to have suffered a heart attack.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Jones, Grahame L. [http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/26/sports/sp-soccerrail26 Benfica Player Dies]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', [[26 Januari]] [[2004]]. Diakses pada [[14 Juni]] [[2010]].</ref>","char_index":176,"name":null,"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/26/sports/sp-soccerrail26","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:08.885970-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Bakteri asam laktat","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Lactobacillus bulgaricus.jpeg|jmpl|ka|220px|''Lactobacillus bulgaricus'', salah satu bakteri yang tergolong bakteri asam laktat.]]\n'''Bakteri asam laktat (BAL)''' adalah kelompok [[bakteri]] [[gram-positif]] yang tidak membentuk [[spora]] dan dapat memfermentasikan [[karbohidrat]] untuk menghasilkan [[asam laktat]].<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref> Berdasarkan taksonomi, terdapat sekitar 20 genus bakteri yang termasuk BAL. Beberapa BAL yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pangan adalah ''[[Aerococcus]]'', ''[[Bifidobacterium]]'', ''[[Carnobacterium]]'', ''[[Enterococcus]]'', ''[[Lactobacillus]]'', ''[[Lactococcus]]'', ''[[Leuconostoc]]'', ''[[Oenococcus]]'', ''[[Pediococcus]]'', ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Tetragenococcus]]'', [[Vagococcus]], dan ''[[Weissella]]''.<ref name=\"la\" /> Contoh produk makanan yang dibuat menggunakan bantuan BAL adalah [[yogurt]], [[keju]], [[mentega]], ''sour cream'' (susu asam), dan produk fermentasi lainnya.<ref name=\"j\"/> Dalam pengolahan makanan, BAL dapat melindungi dari pencemaran bakteri patogen, meningkatkan nutrisi, dan berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan manusia.\n\n== Karakteristik ==\nSebagian besar BAL dapat tumbuh sama baiknya di lingkungan yang memiliki dan tidak memiliki O<sub>2</sub> (tidak sensitif terhadap O2), sehingga termasuk anaerob aerotoleran.<ref name=\"brok\" /> Bakteri yang tergolong dalam BAL memiliki beberapa karakteristik tertentu yang meliputi: tidak memiliki porfirin dan [[sitokrom]], katalase negatif, tidak melakukan [[fosforilasi]] transpor elektron, dan hanya mendapatkan energi dari fosforilasi substrat.<ref name=\"la\"/><ref name=\"brok\" /> Hampir semua BAL hanya memperoleh energi dari metabolisme gula sehingga habitat pertumbuhannya hanya terbatas pada lingkungan yang menyediakan cukup [[gula]] atau bisa disebut dengan lingkungan yang kaya [[nutrisi]].<ref name=\"brok\" /> Kemampuan mereka untuk mengasilkan senyawa (biosintesis) juga terbatas dan kebutuhan nutrisi kompleks BAL meliputi [[asam amino]], [[vitamin]], [[purin]], dan [[pirimidin]].<ref name=\"brok\" />\n\nBerdasarkan studi genetika, beberapa sifat BAL yang berhubungan dengan fermentasi cenderung disandikan oleh gen-gen di [[plasmid]] (DNA ekstrakromosomal).<ref name=\"bacin\" /> Sifat-sifat yang dimaksud meliputi produksi [[proteinase]], metabolisme karbohidrat, transpor [[Asam sitrat|sitrat]], produksi eksopolisakarida, produksi bakteriosin, dan resistensi terhadap [[bakteriofag]].<ref name=\"bacin\" /> DNA plasmid dapat ditransfer antarbakteri dengan beberapa mekanisme, seperti [[konjugasi]] yang umum terjadi pada ''Lactococcus'' sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat menyebar.<ref name=\"bacin\" />\n\n== Contoh-contoh produk pangan menggunakan BAL ==\n* [[Keju]]\n* Mentega\n* Yogurt\n* [[Kimchi]]\n* [[Krim asam]]\n* Bir sorgum\n* [[Kecap]]\n* [[Sosis]]\n* [[Wine]]\n* [[Kefir]] (susu fermentasi dari daerah Kaukasus)\n* [[Kumiss]] (hasil fermentasi susu kuda)\n* [[Acar]]\n* [[Sauerkraut]] (hasil fermentasi kubis dengan BAL yang berasal dari Jerman) \n* Tarhana (makanan kering hasil fermentasi gandum atau padi-padian dengan susu fermentasi)\n* Fermentasi buah dan daun, seperti mangga, daun mustar (buah sawi), daun pechay<ref name=\"pil\" />\n* [[Silase]]\n* dan lain-lain.\n{|<font color=\"white\">just for widening coloum</font>\n* [[Keju]]\n* [[Mentega]] \n* [[Yogurt]]\n* [[Kimchi]]\n* [[Krim asam]]\n* Bir sorgum\n* [[Kecap]]\n* [[Sosis]]\n* [[Wine]]\n* [[Kefir]] (susu fermentasi dari daerah Kaukasus)\n* [[Kumiss]] (hasil fermentasi susu kuda)\n* [[Acar]]\n* [[Sauerkraut]] (hasil fermentasi kubis dengan BAL yang berasal dari Jerman) \n* Tarhana (makanan kering hasil fermentasi gandum atau padi-padian dengan susu fermentasi)\n* Fermentasi buah dan daun, seperti mangga, daun mustar (buah sawi), daun pechay<ref name=\"pil\" />\n* [[Silase]]\n* dan lain-lain.\n|}\n\n== Jenis fermentasi asam laktat ==\n[[Berkas:Homofermentative Milchsäuregärung.png|150px|jmpl|ka|Diagaram homofermentatif.]]\n[[Berkas:Heterofermentative Milchsäuregärung.png|350px|jmpl|kiri|Diagaram heterofermentatif.]]\n[[Fermentasi]] [[asam laktat]] terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu homofermentatif (sebagian besar hasil akhir merupakan asam laktat) dan heterofermentatif (hasil akhir berupa [[asam laktat]], [[asam asetat]], [[etanol]] dan CO<sub>2</sub>).<ref name=\"j\">{{cite journal\n | author = Hasrul Satria Nur\n | year = 2005\n | month = Januari\n | title = Pembentukan Asam Organik Oleh Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat Pada Media Ekstrak Daging Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.)\n | journal = Bioscientiae\n | volume = 2\n | issue = 1\n | pages = 15-24\n | url = http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf\n }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Secara garis besar, keduanya memiliki kesamaan dalam mekanisme pembentukan [[asam laktat]], yaitu [[piruvat]] akan diubah menjadi laktat (atau asam laktat) dan diikuti dengan proses transfer elektron dari NADH menjadi NAD<sup>+</sup>.<ref name=\"clif\">{{en}} {{cite book|last=  Phillip E. Pack|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= CliffsAP Biology|year= 2007|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-09764-9}}Page.50</ref> Pola fermentasi ini dapat dibedakan dengan mengetahui keberadaan enzim-enzim yang berperan di dalam jalur metabolisme [[glikolisis]].\n\nPada heterofermentatif, tidak ada [[aldolase]] dan heksosa isomerase tetapi menggunakan enzim fosfoketolase dan menghasilkan CO<sub>2</sub>.<ref name=\"pil\" /> Metabolisme heterofermentatif dengan menggunakan heksosa (golongan karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 6 atom karbon) akan melalui jalur heksosa monofosfat atau pentosa fosfat.<ref name=\"pil\" /> Sedangkan homofermentatif melibatkan aldolase dan heksosa aldolase namun tidak memiliki fosfoketolase serta hanya sedikit atau bahkan sama sekali tidak menghasilkan CO<sub>2</sub>.<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref> Jalur metabolisme dari yang digunakan pada homofermentatif adalah lintasan Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas. Beberapa contoh genus bakteri yang merupakan bakteri homofermentatif adalah ''[[Streptococcus]]'', ''[[Enterococcus]]'', ''[[Lactococcus]]'', ''Pediococcus'', dan ''[[Lactobacillus]]''; sedangkan contoh bakteri heterofermentatif adalah ''[[Leuconostoc]]'' dan ''[[Lactobacillus]]''.<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>\n\n== Manfaat ==\nSebagian bakteri asam laktat berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan dan nutrisi manusia, beberapa di antaranya adalah meningkatkan nilai nutrisi makanan, mengontrol infeksi pada [[usus]], meningkatkan digesti ([[pencernaan]]) [[laktosa]], mengendalikan beberapa tipe [[kanker]], dan mengendalikan tingkat serum kolesterol dalam darah.<ref name=\"jur\" /> Sebagian keuntungan tersebut merupakan hasil dari pertumbuhan dan aksi bakteri selama pengolahan makanan, sedangkan sebagian lainnya hasil dari pertumbhan beberapa BAL di dalam saluran usus saat mencerna makanan yang mengandung BAL sendiri.<ref name=\"jur\">{{cite journal\n | author = Gilliland SE.\n | year = 1990\n | month = September\n | title = Health and nutritional benefits from lactic acid bacteria.\n | journal = FEMS Microbiol Rev. \n | volume = 7\n | issue = 1-2\n | pages = 175-88\n | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223\n }}\n</ref>\n\nBakteri asam laktat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain dengan memproduksi protein yang disebut bakteriosin. Salah satu contoh [[bakteriosin]] yang dikenal luas adalah nisin, diproduksi oleh ''Lactobacillus lactis'' ssp. ''lactis''.<ref name=\"bacin\" /> Nisin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa bakteri, yaitu ''Bacillus'', ''Clostridium'', ''Staphylococcus'', dan ''Listeria''.<ref name=\"bacin\" /> Senyawa bakteriosin yang diproduksi BAL dapat bermanfaat karena menghambat bakteri patogen yang dapat merusak makanan ataupun membayakan kesehatan manusia, sehingga keamanan makanan lebih terjamin.<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>\n\nSelain bakteriosin, senyawa antimikroba (penghambat bakteri lain) yang dapat diproduksi oleh BAL adalah [[hidrogen peroksida]], asam lemah, reuterin, dan diasetil.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Senyawa-senyawa tersebut juga berfungsi untuk memperlama masa simpan dan meningkatkan keamanan produk pangan. BAL menghasilkan [[hidrogen peroksida]] (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) untuk melindungi selnya terhadap keracunan oksigen.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Namun, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dapat bereaksi dengan senyawa lain (contohnya tiosianat endogen dalam susu mentah) hingga menghasilkan senyawa penghambat mikroorganisme lain.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Mekanisme ini disebut sebagai sistem antimikroba laktoperoksidase.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Asam laktat dan asam lemah lain yang dihasilkan BAL dapat memberikan efek bakterisidal untuk bakteri lain karena [[pH]] lingkungan dapat turun menjadi 3-4,5.<ref name=\"t\"/> Pada pH tersebut, BAL tetap dapat hidup sedangkan bakteri lain, termasuk [[bakteri]] pembusuk makanan yang merugikan akan mati.<ref name=\"t\">{{cite journal\n | author = Iis Rostini\n | year = 2007\n | month = \n | title = Peranan Bakteri Asam Laktat (Lactobacillus Plantarum) Terhadap Masa Simpan Filet Nila Merah Pada Suhu Rendah\n | url = http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF\n }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Reuterin]] adalah senyawa antimikrobial efektif untuk melawan berbagai jenis bakteri (bersifat spektrum luas), yang diproduksi oleh ''Lactobacillus reuteri'' selama pertumbuhan anaerobik terjadi dengan keberadaan [[gliserol]].<ref name=\"jur2\" /> [[Diaseteil]] adalah senyawa yang menentukan rasa dan aroma [[mentega]], serta aktif melawan [[bakteri gram negatif]], [[khamir]], [[kapang]].<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>\n\nSebagian BAL dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen secara efektif pada [[hewan ternak]], contohnya bakteri jahat [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|''E. coli'' O157]] dan ''[[Salmonella]]''.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Di samping itu, BAL juga dikonsumsi manusia dan hewan sebagai [[Probiotik|bakteri probiotik]], yaitu bakteri bakteri yang dimakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan atau nutrisi tubuh.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Beberapa spesies BAL merupakan [[probiotik]] yang baik karena dapat bertahan melewati pH [[lambung]] yang rendah dan menempel atau melakukan kolonisasi usus.<ref name=\"jur2\" /> Akibatnya, bakteri jahat di usus akan berkurang karena kalah bersaing dengan BAL.<ref name=\"jur2\" />\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bakteri]]\n\n[[sv:Lactobacillaceae]]","hash":"ca423335e52d1fca57ea18e342b01f1010bdc7d854076cfa8cd10fd75030936a","last_revision":"2024-04-14T04:04:09Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T10:53:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:54.942784","cross_lingual_links":{"als":"Milchsäurebakterien","ar":"بكتيريا حمض اللبن","be":"Малочнакіслыя бактэрыі","bn":"ল্যাকটিক এসিড ব্যাকটেরিয়া","ca":"Bacteri làctic","da":"Mælkesyrebakterie","de":"Milchsäurebakterien","el":"Γαλακτοβάκιλλοι","en":"Lactic acid bacteria","es":"Cultivos lácticos","et":"Piimhappebakterid","eu":"Bakterio laktiko","fa":"باکتری اسید لاکتیک","fi":"Maitohappobakteeri","fr":"Bactérie lactique","hr":"Bakterije mliječne kiseline","hy":"Կաթնաթթվային բակտերիաներ","is":"Mjólkursýrugerlar","ja":"乳酸菌","ka":"რძემჟავას ბაქტერიები","ko":"유산균","nl":"Melkzuurbacteriën","pl":"Bakterie mlekowe","pt":"Bactérias ácido-láticas","ru":"Молочнокислые бактерии","simple":"Lactic acid bacteria","sv":"Lactobacillaceae","uk":"Молочнокислі бактерії","zh":"乳桿菌目"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) adalah kelompok bakteri gram-positif yang tidak membentuk spora dan dapat memfermentasikan karbohidrat untuk menghasilkan asam laktat. Berdasarkan taksonomi, terdapat sekitar 20 genus bakteri yang termasuk BAL. Beberapa BAL yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pangan adalah Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, dan Weissella. Contoh produk makanan yang dibuat menggunakan bantuan BAL adalah yogurt, keju, mentega, sour cream (susu asam), dan produk fermentasi lainnya. Dalam pengolahan makanan, BAL dapat melindungi dari pencemaran bakteri patogen, meningkatkan nutrisi, dan berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan manusia.\n\nSebagian besar BAL dapat tumbuh sama baiknya di lingkungan yang memiliki dan tidak memiliki O₂ (tidak sensitif terhadap O2), sehingga termasuk anaerob aerotoleran. Bakteri yang tergolong dalam BAL memiliki beberapa karakteristik tertentu yang meliputi: tidak memiliki porfirin dan sitokrom, katalase negatif, tidak melakukan fosforilasi transpor elektron, dan hanya mendapatkan energi dari fosforilasi substrat. Hampir semua BAL hanya memperoleh energi dari metabolisme gula sehingga habitat pertumbuhannya hanya terbatas pada lingkungan yang menyediakan cukup gula atau bisa disebut dengan lingkungan yang kaya nutrisi. Kemampuan mereka untuk mengasilkan senyawa (biosintesis) juga terbatas dan kebutuhan nutrisi kompleks BAL meliputi asam amino, vitamin, purin, dan pirimidin.\n\nBerdasarkan studi genetika, beberapa sifat BAL yang berhubungan dengan fermentasi cenderung disandikan oleh gen-gen di plasmid (DNA ekstrakromosomal). Sifat-sifat yang dimaksud meliputi produksi proteinase, metabolisme karbohidrat, transpor sitrat, produksi eksopolisakarida, produksi bakteriosin, dan resistensi terhadap bakteriofag. DNA plasmid dapat ditransfer antarbakteri dengan beberapa mekanisme, seperti konjugasi yang umum terjadi pada Lactococcus sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat menyebar.\n\nKeju Mentega Yogurt Kimchi Krim asam Bir sorgum Kecap Sosis Wine Kefir (susu fermentasi dari daerah Kaukasus) Kumiss (hasil fermentasi susu kuda) Acar Sauerkraut (hasil fermentasi kubis dengan BAL yang berasal dari Jerman) Tarhana (makanan kering hasil fermentasi gandum atau padi-padian dengan susu fermentasi) Fermentasi buah dan daun, seperti mangga, daun mustar (buah sawi), daun pechay Silase dan lain-lain.\n\nFermentasi asam laktat terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu homofermentatif (sebagian besar hasil akhir merupakan asam laktat) dan heterofermentatif (hasil akhir berupa asam laktat, asam asetat, etanol dan CO₂). Secara garis besar, keduanya memiliki kesamaan dalam mekanisme pembentukan asam laktat, yaitu piruvat akan diubah menjadi laktat (atau asam laktat) dan diikuti dengan proses transfer elektron dari NADH menjadi NAD⁺. Pola fermentasi ini dapat dibedakan dengan mengetahui keberadaan enzim-enzim yang berperan di dalam jalur metabolisme glikolisis.\n\nPada heterofermentatif, tidak ada aldolase dan heksosa isomerase tetapi menggunakan enzim fosfoketolase dan menghasilkan CO₂. Metabolisme heterofermentatif dengan menggunakan heksosa (golongan karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 6 atom karbon) akan melalui jalur heksosa monofosfat atau pentosa fosfat. Sedangkan homofermentatif melibatkan aldolase dan heksosa aldolase namun tidak memiliki fosfoketolase serta hanya sedikit atau bahkan sama sekali tidak menghasilkan CO₂. Jalur metabolisme dari yang digunakan pada homofermentatif adalah lintasan Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas. Beberapa contoh genus bakteri yang merupakan bakteri homofermentatif adalah Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, dan Lactobacillus; sedangkan contoh bakteri heterofermentatif adalah Leuconostoc dan Lactobacillus.\n\nSebagian bakteri asam laktat berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan dan nutrisi manusia, beberapa di antaranya adalah meningkatkan nilai nutrisi makanan, mengontrol infeksi pada usus, meningkatkan digesti (pencernaan) laktosa, mengendalikan beberapa tipe kanker, dan mengendalikan tingkat serum kolesterol dalam darah. Sebagian keuntungan tersebut merupakan hasil dari pertumbuhan dan aksi bakteri selama pengolahan makanan, sedangkan sebagian lainnya hasil dari pertumbhan beberapa BAL di dalam saluran usus saat mencerna makanan yang mengandung BAL sendiri.\n\nBakteri asam laktat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain dengan memproduksi protein yang disebut bakteriosin. Salah satu contoh bakteriosin yang dikenal luas adalah nisin, diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis. Nisin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa bakteri, yaitu Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, dan Listeria. Senyawa bakteriosin yang diproduksi BAL dapat bermanfaat karena menghambat bakteri patogen yang dapat merusak makanan ataupun membayakan kesehatan manusia, sehingga keamanan makanan lebih terjamin.\n\nSelain bakteriosin, senyawa antimikroba (penghambat bakteri lain) yang dapat diproduksi oleh BAL adalah hidrogen peroksida, asam lemah, reuterin, dan diasetil. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut juga berfungsi untuk memperlama masa simpan dan meningkatkan keamanan produk pangan. BAL menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) untuk melindungi selnya terhadap keracunan oksigen. Namun, H₂O₂ dapat bereaksi dengan senyawa lain (contohnya tiosianat endogen dalam susu mentah) hingga menghasilkan senyawa penghambat mikroorganisme lain. Mekanisme ini disebut sebagai sistem antimikroba laktoperoksidase. Asam laktat dan asam lemah lain yang dihasilkan BAL dapat memberikan efek bakterisidal untuk bakteri lain karena pH lingkungan dapat turun menjadi 3-4,5. Pada pH tersebut, BAL tetap dapat hidup sedangkan bakteri lain, termasuk bakteri pembusuk makanan yang merugikan akan mati. Reuterin adalah senyawa antimikrobial efektif untuk melawan berbagai jenis bakteri (bersifat spektrum luas), yang diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus reuteri selama pertumbuhan anaerobik terjadi dengan keberadaan gliserol. Diaseteil adalah senyawa yang menentukan rasa dan aroma mentega, serta aktif melawan bakteri gram negatif, khamir, kapang.\n\nSebagian BAL dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen secara efektif pada hewan ternak, contohnya bakteri jahat E. coli O157 dan Salmonella. Di samping itu, BAL juga dikonsumsi manusia dan hewan sebagai bakteri probiotik, yaitu bakteri bakteri yang dimakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan atau nutrisi tubuh. Beberapa spesies BAL merupakan probiotik yang baik karena dapat bertahan melewati pH lambung yang rendah dan menempel atau melakukan kolonisasi usus. Akibatnya, bakteri jahat di usus akan berkurang karena kalah bersaing dengan BAL.\n\nKategori:Bakteri\n\nsv:Lactobacillaceae\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) adalah kelompok bakteri gram-positif yang tidak membentuk spora dan dapat memfermentasikan karbohidrat untuk menghasilkan asam laktat.","translated_text":"Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are a group of gram-positive bacteria that do not form spores and can ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"la","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berdasarkan taksonomi, terdapat sekitar 20 genus bakteri yang termasuk BAL.","translated_text":"Based on taxonomy, there are about 20 bacterial genera that include BAL.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa BAL yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pangan adalah Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, dan Weissella.","translated_text":"Some of the BALs commonly used in food processing are Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref>","char_index":249,"name":"la","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contoh produk makanan yang dibuat menggunakan bantuan BAL adalah yogurt, keju, mentega, sour cream (susu asam), dan produk fermentasi lainnya.","translated_text":"Examples of food products made using BAL are yogurt, cheese, butter, sour cream, and other fermented products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"j\">{{cite journal | author = Hasrul Satria Nur | year = 2005 | month = Januari | title = Pembentukan Asam Organik Oleh Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat Pada Media Ekstrak Daging Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) | journal = Bioscientiae | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 15-24 | url = http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":142,"name":"j","url":"http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214587,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.179875-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3076171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam pengolahan makanan, BAL dapat melindungi dari pencemaran bakteri patogen, meningkatkan nutrisi, dan berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan manusia.","translated_text":"In food processing, BAL can protect against pathogenic bacterial contamination, improve nutrition, and potentially have a positive impact on human health.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karakteristik","translated_text":"Characteristics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagian besar BAL dapat tumbuh sama baiknya di lingkungan yang memiliki dan tidak memiliki O₂ (tidak sensitif terhadap O2), sehingga termasuk anaerob aerotoleran.","translated_text":"Most BAL can grow equally well in environments with and without O2 (insensitive to O2), thus including anaerobic aerotolerance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":163,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri yang tergolong dalam BAL memiliki beberapa karakteristik tertentu yang meliputi: tidak memiliki porfirin dan sitokrom, katalase negatif, tidak melakukan fosforilasi transpor elektron, dan hanya mendapatkan energi dari fosforilasi substrat.","translated_text":"Bacteria belonging to the BAL group have certain characteristics that include: lack porphyrin and cytochrome, negative catalase, do not phosphorylate electron transporters, and only obtain energy from substrate phosphorylation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref>","char_index":247,"name":"la","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":247,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hampir semua BAL hanya memperoleh energi dari metabolisme gula sehingga habitat pertumbuhannya hanya terbatas pada lingkungan yang menyediakan cukup gula atau bisa disebut dengan lingkungan yang kaya nutrisi.","translated_text":"Almost all BALs derive energy only from sugar metabolism so their growing habitats are limited to environments that provide enough sugar or can be called nutrient-rich environments.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":208,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemampuan mereka untuk mengasilkan senyawa (biosintesis) juga terbatas dan kebutuhan nutrisi kompleks BAL meliputi asam amino, vitamin, purin, dan pirimidin.","translated_text":"Their ability to produce compounds (biosynthesis) is also limited and BAL complex nutrient needs include amino acids, vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":157,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berdasarkan studi genetika, beberapa sifat BAL yang berhubungan dengan fermentasi cenderung disandikan oleh gen-gen di plasmid (DNA ekstrakromosomal).","translated_text":"Based on genetic studies, some of the BAL properties associated with fermentation tend to be encoded by genes in the plasmid (extrachromosomal DNA).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sifat","translated_text":"The nature","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-sifat yang dimaksud meliputi produksi proteinase, metabolisme karbohidrat, transpor sitrat, produksi eksopolisakarida, produksi bakteriosin, dan resistensi terhadap bakteriofag.","translated_text":"- properties include proteinase production, carbohydrate metabolism, citrate transport, exopolysaccharide production, bacteriosin production, and resistance to bacteriophages.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":178,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"DNA plasmid dapat ditransfer antarbakteri dengan beberapa mekanisme, seperti konjugasi yang umum terjadi pada Lactococcus sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat menyebar.","translated_text":"Plasmid DNA can be transferred interbacterially by several mechanisms, such as the common conjugation that occurs in Lactococcus so that the properties can spread.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Contoh-contoh produk pangan menggunakan BAL","translated_text":"Examples of food products using BAL","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Keju Mentega Yogurt Kimchi Krim asam Bir sorgum Kecap Sosis Wine Kefir (susu fermentasi dari daerah Kaukasus) Kumiss (hasil fermentasi susu kuda) Acar Sauerkraut (hasil fermentasi kubis dengan BAL yang berasal dari Jerman)","translated_text":"Kimchi Yogurt Mentega Cheese Sour cream Sorghum Beer Soup Wine Kefir (fermented milk from the Caucasus region) Kumiss (fermented horse milk) Acar Sauerkraut (fermented cabbage with BAL originating from Germany)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tarhana (makanan kering hasil fermentasi gandum atau padi-padian dengan susu fermentasi) Fermentasi buah dan daun, seperti mangga, daun mustar (buah sawi), daun pechay Silase dan lain-lain.","translated_text":"Tarhana (dry food of fermented wheat or rice with fermented milk) Fermentation of fruits and leaves, such as mangoes, mustard leaves, pechay silase leaves and others.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":167,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|<font color=\"white\">just for widening coloum</font>\n* [[Keju]]\n* [[Mentega]] \n* [[Yogurt]]\n* [[Kimchi]]\n* [[Krim asam]]\n* Bir sorgum\n* [[Kecap]]\n* [[Sosis]]\n* [[Wine]]\n* [[Kefir]] (susu fermentasi dari daerah Kaukasus)\n* [[Kumiss]] (hasil fermentasi susu kuda)\n* [[Acar]]\n* [[Sauerkraut]] (hasil fermentasi kubis dengan BAL yang berasal dari Jerman) \n* Tarhana (makanan kering hasil fermentasi gandum atau padi-padian dengan susu fermentasi)\n* Fermentasi buah dan daun, seperti mangga, daun mustar (buah sawi), daun pechay<ref name=\"pil\" />\n* [[Silase]]\n* dan lain-lain.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Jenis fermentasi asam laktat","translated_text":"Types of lactic acid fermentation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fermentasi asam laktat terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu homofermentatif (sebagian besar hasil akhir merupakan asam laktat) dan heterofermentatif (hasil akhir berupa asam laktat, asam asetat, etanol dan CO₂).","translated_text":"The fermentation of lactic acid is divided into two types, namely homofermentative (most of the end result is lactic acid) and heterofermentative (end result is lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and CO2).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"j\">{{cite journal | author = Hasrul Satria Nur | year = 2005 | month = Januari | title = Pembentukan Asam Organik Oleh Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat Pada Media Ekstrak Daging Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) | journal = Bioscientiae | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 15-24 | url = http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":207,"name":"j","url":"http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214587,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.179875-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3076171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara garis besar, keduanya memiliki kesamaan dalam mekanisme pembentukan asam laktat, yaitu piruvat akan diubah menjadi laktat (atau asam laktat) dan diikuti dengan proses transfer elektron dari NADH menjadi NAD⁺. Pola fermentasi ini dapat dibedakan dengan mengetahui keberadaan enzim-enzim yang berperan di dalam jalur metabolisme glikolisis.","translated_text":"Broadly speaking, the two have in common the mechanism of lactic acid formation, which is that the pyruvate is converted into lactate (or lactic acid) and followed by the process of electron transfer from NADH to NAD+. This fermentation pattern can be distinguished by knowing the presence of enzymes involved in the glycolysis metabolic pathway.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"clif\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Phillip E. Pack|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= CliffsAP Biology|year= 2007|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-09764-9}}Page.50</ref>","char_index":215,"name":"clif","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada heterofermentatif, tidak ada aldolase dan heksosa isomerase tetapi menggunakan enzim fosfoketolase dan menghasilkan CO₂. Metabolisme heterofermentatif dengan menggunakan heksosa (golongan karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 6 atom karbon) akan melalui jalur heksosa monofosfat atau pentosa fosfat.","translated_text":"In heterofermentative, there is no aldolase and hexa isomerase but uses the enzyme phosphocetolase and produces CO2. Heterofermentative metabolism using hexa (a group of carbohydrates consisting of 6 carbon atoms) will pass through the hexa pathway monophosphate or pentose phosphate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":125,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":296,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan homofermentatif melibatkan aldolase dan heksosa aldolase namun tidak memiliki fosfoketolase serta hanya sedikit atau bahkan sama sekali tidak menghasilkan CO₂. Jalur metabolisme dari yang digunakan pada homofermentatif adalah lintasan Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas.","translated_text":"Whereas homofermentation involves aldolase and hexa aldolase but has no phosphocetolase and produces little or no CO2.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":169,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa contoh genus bakteri yang merupakan bakteri homofermentatif adalah Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, dan Lactobacillus; sedangkan contoh bakteri heterofermentatif adalah Leuconostoc dan Lactobacillus.","translated_text":"Some examples of the genus of bacteria that are homofermentative bacteria are Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus; whereas examples of heterofermentative bacteria are Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":230,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Manfaat","translated_text":"Benefits","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagian bakteri asam laktat berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan dan nutrisi manusia, beberapa di antaranya adalah meningkatkan nilai nutrisi makanan, mengontrol infeksi pada usus, meningkatkan digesti (pencernaan) laktosa, mengendalikan beberapa tipe kanker, dan mengendalikan tingkat serum kolesterol dalam darah.","translated_text":"Some lactic acid bacteria have the potential to have a positive impact on human health and nutrition, some of which include increasing the nutritional value of food, controlling intestinal infections, improving the digestion of lactose, controlling some types of cancer, and controlling serum cholesterol levels in the blood.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur\">{{cite journal | author = Gilliland SE. | year = 1990 | month = September | title = Health and nutritional benefits from lactic acid bacteria. | journal = FEMS Microbiol Rev. | volume = 7 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 175-88 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223 }} </ref>","char_index":331,"name":"jur","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":139688,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.573293-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7646484375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian keuntungan tersebut merupakan hasil dari pertumbuhan dan aksi bakteri selama pengolahan makanan, sedangkan sebagian lainnya hasil dari pertumbhan beberapa BAL di dalam saluran usus saat mencerna makanan yang mengandung BAL sendiri.","translated_text":"Some of these benefits are the result of the growth and action of bacteria during food processing, while others are the result of the growth of several BALs in the intestinal tract while digesting foods containing BAL itself.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur\">{{cite journal | author = Gilliland SE. | year = 1990 | month = September | title = Health and nutritional benefits from lactic acid bacteria. | journal = FEMS Microbiol Rev. | volume = 7 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 175-88 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223 }} </ref>","char_index":240,"name":"jur","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":139688,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.573293-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7646484375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bakteri asam laktat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain dengan memproduksi protein yang disebut bakteriosin.","translated_text":"Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of other bacteria by producing a protein called bacteriosin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu contoh bakteriosin yang dikenal luas adalah nisin, diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis.","translated_text":"One widely known example of bacteriosin is nisin, produced by Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nisin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa bakteri, yaitu Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, dan Listeria.","translated_text":"Nisin can inhibit the growth of some bacteria, namely Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Listeria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa bakteriosin yang diproduksi BAL dapat bermanfaat karena menghambat bakteri patogen yang dapat merusak makanan ataupun membayakan kesehatan manusia, sehingga keamanan makanan lebih terjamin.","translated_text":"The bacteriosin compound produced by BAL can be beneficial in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that can damage food or impair human health, thus ensuring food safety.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":197,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain bakteriosin, senyawa antimikroba (penghambat bakteri lain) yang dapat diproduksi oleh BAL adalah hidrogen peroksida, asam lemah, reuterin, dan diasetil.","translated_text":"In addition to bacteriosines, the antimicrobial compounds (other bacterial inhibitors) that BAL can produce are hydrogen peroxide, weak acid, reuterine, and diethyl.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa-senyawa tersebut juga berfungsi untuk memperlama masa simpan dan meningkatkan keamanan produk pangan.","translated_text":"These compounds also serve to extend the shelf life and improve the safety of food products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"BAL menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) untuk melindungi selnya terhadap keracunan oksigen.","translated_text":"BAL produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to protect its cells from oxygen poisoning.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, H₂O₂ dapat bereaksi dengan senyawa lain (contohnya tiosianat endogen dalam susu mentah) hingga menghasilkan senyawa penghambat mikroorganisme lain.","translated_text":"However, H2O2 can react with other compounds (e.g. endogenous thiocyanate in raw milk) to produce other microorganism inhibitory compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":154,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mekanisme ini disebut sebagai sistem antimikroba laktoperoksidase.","translated_text":"This mechanism is called the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":66,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asam laktat dan asam lemah lain yang dihasilkan BAL dapat memberikan efek bakterisidal untuk bakteri lain karena pH lingkungan dapat turun menjadi 3-4,5.","translated_text":"Lactic acid and other weak acids produced by BAL can provide bactericidal effects for other bacteria as the pH of the environment can drop to 3-4.5.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"t\">{{cite journal | author = Iis Rostini | year = 2007 | month = | title = Peranan Bakteri Asam Laktat (Lactobacillus Plantarum) Terhadap Masa Simpan Filet Nila Merah Pada Suhu Rendah | url = http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":153,"name":"t","url":"http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.118031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada pH tersebut, BAL tetap dapat hidup sedangkan bakteri lain, termasuk bakteri pembusuk makanan yang merugikan akan mati.","translated_text":"At that pH, BAL can survive while other bacteria, including harmful food spoilage bacteria, die.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"t\">{{cite journal | author = Iis Rostini | year = 2007 | month = | title = Peranan Bakteri Asam Laktat (Lactobacillus Plantarum) Terhadap Masa Simpan Filet Nila Merah Pada Suhu Rendah | url = http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":123,"name":"t","url":"http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.118031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reuterin adalah senyawa antimikrobial efektif untuk melawan berbagai jenis bakteri (bersifat spektrum luas), yang diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus reuteri selama pertumbuhan anaerobik terjadi dengan keberadaan gliserol.","translated_text":"Reuterin is an effective antimicrobial compound to fight various types of bacteria (widespread-spectrum properties), produced by Lactobacillus reuteri during anaerobic growth occurring in the presence of glycerol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":216,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diaseteil adalah senyawa yang menentukan rasa dan aroma mentega, serta aktif melawan bakteri gram negatif, khamir, kapang.","translated_text":"Diaseteil is a compound that determines the taste and aroma of butter, as well as being active against gram-negative bacteria, khamir, mold.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":122,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagian BAL dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen secara efektif pada hewan ternak, contohnya bakteri jahat E. coli O157 dan Salmonella.","translated_text":"Some BALs can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in livestock, for example the bad bacteria E. coli O157 and Salmonella.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":139,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu, BAL juga dikonsumsi manusia dan hewan sebagai bakteri probiotik, yaitu bakteri bakteri yang dimakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan atau nutrisi tubuh.","translated_text":"In addition, BAL is also consumed in humans and animals as a probiotic bacterium, a bacterial bacterium that is eaten to improve health or nutrition in the body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":164,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa spesies BAL merupakan probiotik yang baik karena dapat bertahan melewati pH lambung yang rendah dan menempel atau melakukan kolonisasi usus.","translated_text":"Some BAL species are good probiotics because they can survive past low stomach pH and adhere to or colonize the intestines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":149,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akibatnya, bakteri jahat di usus akan berkurang karena kalah bersaing dengan BAL.","translated_text":"As a result, the bad bacteria in the gut will decrease as they lose to BAL.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bakteri","translated_text":"Category:Bacteries","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"sv:Lactobacillaceae","translated_text":"sw:Lactobacillaceae","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) adalah kelompok bakteri gram-positif yang tidak membentuk spora dan dapat memfermentasikan karbohidrat untuk menghasilkan asam laktat.","translated_text":"Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are a group of gram-positive bacteria that do not form spores and can ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"la","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) adalah kelompok bakteri gram-positif yang tidak membentuk spora dan dapat memfermentasikan karbohidrat untuk menghasilkan asam laktat. Berdasarkan taksonomi, terdapat sekitar 20 genus bakteri yang termasuk BAL. Beberapa BAL yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pangan adalah Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, dan Weissella.","translated_text":"Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are a group of gram-positive bacteria that do not form spores and can ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid. Based on taxonomy, there are about 20 bacterial genera that include BAL. Some of the BALs commonly used in food processing are Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref>","char_index":486,"name":"la","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berdasarkan taksonomi, terdapat sekitar 20 genus bakteri yang termasuk BAL. Beberapa BAL yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pangan adalah Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, dan Weissella. Contoh produk makanan yang dibuat menggunakan bantuan BAL adalah yogurt, keju, mentega, sour cream (susu asam), dan produk fermentasi lainnya.","translated_text":"Based on taxonomy, there are about 20 bacterial genera that include BAL. Some of the BALs commonly used in food processing are Aerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella. Examples of food products made using BAL are yogurt, cheese, butter, sour cream, and other fermented products.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"j\">{{cite journal | author = Hasrul Satria Nur | year = 2005 | month = Januari | title = Pembentukan Asam Organik Oleh Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat Pada Media Ekstrak Daging Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) | journal = Bioscientiae | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 15-24 | url = http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":468,"name":"j","url":"http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214587,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.179875-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3076171875}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar BAL dapat tumbuh sama baiknya di lingkungan yang memiliki dan tidak memiliki O₂ (tidak sensitif terhadap O2), sehingga termasuk anaerob aerotoleran.","translated_text":"Most BAL can grow equally well in environments with and without O2 (insensitive to O2), thus including anaerobic aerotolerance.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":163,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar BAL dapat tumbuh sama baiknya di lingkungan yang memiliki dan tidak memiliki O₂ (tidak sensitif terhadap O2), sehingga termasuk anaerob aerotoleran. Bakteri yang tergolong dalam BAL memiliki beberapa karakteristik tertentu yang meliputi: tidak memiliki porfirin dan sitokrom, katalase negatif, tidak melakukan fosforilasi transpor elektron, dan hanya mendapatkan energi dari fosforilasi substrat.","translated_text":"Most BAL can grow equally well in environments with and without O2 (insensitive to O2), thus including anaerobic aerotolerance. Bacteria belonging to the BAL group have certain characteristics that include: lack porphyrin and cytochrome, negative catalase, do not phosphorylate electron transporters, and only obtain energy from substrate phosphorylation.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"la\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Seppo Salminen, Atte von Wright, Arthur Ouwehand|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Lactic Acid Bacteria: Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Fourth Edition|year= 2004|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-5332-0}}Page.1</ref>","char_index":411,"name":"la","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":411,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar BAL dapat tumbuh sama baiknya di lingkungan yang memiliki dan tidak memiliki O₂ (tidak sensitif terhadap O2), sehingga termasuk anaerob aerotoleran. Bakteri yang tergolong dalam BAL memiliki beberapa karakteristik tertentu yang meliputi: tidak memiliki porfirin dan sitokrom, katalase negatif, tidak melakukan fosforilasi transpor elektron, dan hanya mendapatkan energi dari fosforilasi substrat. Hampir semua BAL hanya memperoleh energi dari metabolisme gula sehingga habitat pertumbuhannya hanya terbatas pada lingkungan yang menyediakan cukup gula atau bisa disebut dengan lingkungan yang kaya nutrisi.","translated_text":"Most BAL can grow equally well in environments with and without O2 (insensitive to O2), thus including anaerobic aerotolerance. Bacteria belonging to the BAL group have certain characteristics that include: lack porphyrin and cytochrome, negative catalase, do not phosphorylate electron transporters, and only obtain energy from substrate phosphorylation. Almost all BALs derive energy only from sugar metabolism so their growing habitats are limited to environments that provide enough sugar or can be called nutrient-rich environments.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":620,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bakteri yang tergolong dalam BAL memiliki beberapa karakteristik tertentu yang meliputi: tidak memiliki porfirin dan sitokrom, katalase negatif, tidak melakukan fosforilasi transpor elektron, dan hanya mendapatkan energi dari fosforilasi substrat. Hampir semua BAL hanya memperoleh energi dari metabolisme gula sehingga habitat pertumbuhannya hanya terbatas pada lingkungan yang menyediakan cukup gula atau bisa disebut dengan lingkungan yang kaya nutrisi. Kemampuan mereka untuk mengasilkan senyawa (biosintesis) juga terbatas dan kebutuhan nutrisi kompleks BAL meliputi asam amino, vitamin, purin, dan pirimidin.","translated_text":"Bacteria belonging to the BAL group have certain characteristics that include: lack porphyrin and cytochrome, negative catalase, do not phosphorylate electron transporters, and only obtain energy from substrate phosphorylation. Almost all BALs derive energy only from sugar metabolism so their growing habitats are limited to environments that provide enough sugar or can be called nutrient-rich environments. Their ability to produce compounds (biosynthesis) is also limited and BAL complex nutrient needs include amino acids, vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":614,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berdasarkan studi genetika, beberapa sifat BAL yang berhubungan dengan fermentasi cenderung disandikan oleh gen-gen di plasmid (DNA ekstrakromosomal).","translated_text":"Based on genetic studies, some of the BAL properties associated with fermentation tend to be encoded by genes in the plasmid (extrachromosomal DNA).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berdasarkan studi genetika, beberapa sifat BAL yang berhubungan dengan fermentasi cenderung disandikan oleh gen-gen di plasmid (DNA ekstrakromosomal). Sifat -sifat yang dimaksud meliputi produksi proteinase, metabolisme karbohidrat, transpor sitrat, produksi eksopolisakarida, produksi bakteriosin, dan resistensi terhadap bakteriofag.","translated_text":"Based on genetic studies, some of the BAL properties associated with fermentation tend to be encoded by genes in the plasmid (extrachromosomal DNA). The nature - properties include proteinase production, carbohydrate metabolism, citrate transport, exopolysaccharide production, bacteriosin production, and resistance to bacteriophages.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":335,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sifat -sifat yang dimaksud meliputi produksi proteinase, metabolisme karbohidrat, transpor sitrat, produksi eksopolisakarida, produksi bakteriosin, dan resistensi terhadap bakteriofag. DNA plasmid dapat ditransfer antarbakteri dengan beberapa mekanisme, seperti konjugasi yang umum terjadi pada Lactococcus sehingga sifat-sifat tersebut dapat menyebar.","translated_text":"The nature - properties include proteinase production, carbohydrate metabolism, citrate transport, exopolysaccharide production, bacteriosin production, and resistance to bacteriophages. Plasmid DNA can be transferred interbacterially by several mechanisms, such as the common conjugation that occurs in Lactococcus so that the properties can spread.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":352,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Keju Mentega Yogurt Kimchi Krim asam Bir sorgum Kecap Sosis Wine Kefir (susu fermentasi dari daerah Kaukasus) Kumiss (hasil fermentasi susu kuda) Acar Sauerkraut (hasil fermentasi kubis dengan BAL yang berasal dari Jerman) Tarhana (makanan kering hasil fermentasi gandum atau padi-padian dengan susu fermentasi) Fermentasi buah dan daun, seperti mangga, daun mustar (buah sawi), daun pechay Silase dan lain-lain.","translated_text":"Kimchi Yogurt Mentega Cheese Sour cream Sorghum Beer Soup Wine Kefir (fermented milk from the Caucasus region) Kumiss (fermented horse milk) Acar Sauerkraut (fermented cabbage with BAL originating from Germany) Tarhana (dry food of fermented wheat or rice with fermented milk) Fermentation of fruits and leaves, such as mangoes, mustard leaves, pechay silase leaves and others.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":390,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fermentasi asam laktat terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu homofermentatif (sebagian besar hasil akhir merupakan asam laktat) dan heterofermentatif (hasil akhir berupa asam laktat, asam asetat, etanol dan CO₂).","translated_text":"The fermentation of lactic acid is divided into two types, namely homofermentative (most of the end result is lactic acid) and heterofermentative (end result is lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and CO2).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"j\">{{cite journal | author = Hasrul Satria Nur | year = 2005 | month = Januari | title = Pembentukan Asam Organik Oleh Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat Pada Media Ekstrak Daging Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) | journal = Bioscientiae | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 15-24 | url = http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":207,"name":"j","url":"http://bioscientiae.unlam.ac.id/v2n1/v2n1_nur.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214587,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.179875-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3076171875}]},{"text":"Fermentasi asam laktat terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu homofermentatif (sebagian besar hasil akhir merupakan asam laktat) dan heterofermentatif (hasil akhir berupa asam laktat, asam asetat, etanol dan CO₂). Secara garis besar, keduanya memiliki kesamaan dalam mekanisme pembentukan asam laktat, yaitu piruvat akan diubah menjadi laktat (atau asam laktat) dan diikuti dengan proses transfer elektron dari NADH menjadi NAD⁺. Pola fermentasi ini dapat dibedakan dengan mengetahui keberadaan enzim-enzim yang berperan di dalam jalur metabolisme glikolisis.","translated_text":"The fermentation of lactic acid is divided into two types, namely homofermentative (most of the end result is lactic acid) and heterofermentative (end result is lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and CO2). Broadly speaking, the two have in common the mechanism of lactic acid formation, which is that the pyruvate is converted into lactate (or lactic acid) and followed by the process of electron transfer from NADH to NAD+. This fermentation pattern can be distinguished by knowing the presence of enzymes involved in the glycolysis metabolic pathway.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"clif\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Phillip E. Pack|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= CliffsAP Biology|year= 2007|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-09764-9}}Page.50</ref>","char_index":423,"name":"clif","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada heterofermentatif, tidak ada aldolase dan heksosa isomerase tetapi menggunakan enzim fosfoketolase dan menghasilkan CO₂. Metabolisme heterofermentatif dengan menggunakan heksosa (golongan karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 6 atom karbon) akan melalui jalur heksosa monofosfat atau pentosa fosfat.","translated_text":"In heterofermentative, there is no aldolase and hexa isomerase but uses the enzyme phosphocetolase and produces CO2. Heterofermentative metabolism using hexa (a group of carbohydrates consisting of 6 carbon atoms) will pass through the hexa pathway monophosphate or pentose phosphate.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":125,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":296,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada heterofermentatif, tidak ada aldolase dan heksosa isomerase tetapi menggunakan enzim fosfoketolase dan menghasilkan CO₂. Metabolisme heterofermentatif dengan menggunakan heksosa (golongan karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 6 atom karbon) akan melalui jalur heksosa monofosfat atau pentosa fosfat. Sedangkan homofermentatif melibatkan aldolase dan heksosa aldolase namun tidak memiliki fosfoketolase serta hanya sedikit atau bahkan sama sekali tidak menghasilkan CO₂. Jalur metabolisme dari yang digunakan pada homofermentatif adalah lintasan Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas.","translated_text":"In heterofermentative, there is no aldolase and hexa isomerase but uses the enzyme phosphocetolase and produces CO2. Heterofermentative metabolism using hexa (a group of carbohydrates consisting of 6 carbon atoms) will pass through the hexa pathway monophosphate or pentose phosphate. Whereas homofermentation involves aldolase and hexa aldolase but has no phosphocetolase and produces little or no CO2.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"pil\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Priscilla C. Sanchez|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Philippine Fermented Food: Principles and Technology|year= 2009|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-971-542-554-4}}Page.219-220</ref>","char_index":466,"name":"pil","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada heterofermentatif, tidak ada aldolase dan heksosa isomerase tetapi menggunakan enzim fosfoketolase dan menghasilkan CO₂. Metabolisme heterofermentatif dengan menggunakan heksosa (golongan karbohidrat yang terdiri dari 6 atom karbon) akan melalui jalur heksosa monofosfat atau pentosa fosfat. Sedangkan homofermentatif melibatkan aldolase dan heksosa aldolase namun tidak memiliki fosfoketolase serta hanya sedikit atau bahkan sama sekali tidak menghasilkan CO₂. Jalur metabolisme dari yang digunakan pada homofermentatif adalah lintasan Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas. Beberapa contoh genus bakteri yang merupakan bakteri homofermentatif adalah Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, dan Lactobacillus; sedangkan contoh bakteri heterofermentatif adalah Leuconostoc dan Lactobacillus.","translated_text":"In heterofermentative, there is no aldolase and hexa isomerase but uses the enzyme phosphocetolase and produces CO2. Heterofermentative metabolism using hexa (a group of carbohydrates consisting of 6 carbon atoms) will pass through the hexa pathway monophosphate or pentose phosphate. Whereas homofermentation involves aldolase and hexa aldolase but has no phosphocetolase and produces little or no CO2. Some examples of the genus of bacteria that are homofermentative bacteria are Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus; whereas examples of heterofermentative bacteria are Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"brok\">{{en}}Madigan MT, Martinko JM (2006). Brock: Biology of Microorganism. Pearson Education International. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.Page.375-377</ref>","char_index":796,"name":"brok","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian bakteri asam laktat berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan dan nutrisi manusia, beberapa di antaranya adalah meningkatkan nilai nutrisi makanan, mengontrol infeksi pada usus, meningkatkan digesti (pencernaan) laktosa, mengendalikan beberapa tipe kanker, dan mengendalikan tingkat serum kolesterol dalam darah.","translated_text":"Some lactic acid bacteria have the potential to have a positive impact on human health and nutrition, some of which include increasing the nutritional value of food, controlling intestinal infections, improving the digestion of lactose, controlling some types of cancer, and controlling serum cholesterol levels in the blood.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur\">{{cite journal | author = Gilliland SE. | year = 1990 | month = September | title = Health and nutritional benefits from lactic acid bacteria. | journal = FEMS Microbiol Rev. | volume = 7 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 175-88 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223 }} </ref>","char_index":331,"name":"jur","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":139688,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.573293-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7646484375}]},{"text":"Sebagian bakteri asam laktat berpotensi memberikan dampak positif bagi kesehatan dan nutrisi manusia, beberapa di antaranya adalah meningkatkan nilai nutrisi makanan, mengontrol infeksi pada usus, meningkatkan digesti (pencernaan) laktosa, mengendalikan beberapa tipe kanker, dan mengendalikan tingkat serum kolesterol dalam darah. Sebagian keuntungan tersebut merupakan hasil dari pertumbuhan dan aksi bakteri selama pengolahan makanan, sedangkan sebagian lainnya hasil dari pertumbhan beberapa BAL di dalam saluran usus saat mencerna makanan yang mengandung BAL sendiri.","translated_text":"Some lactic acid bacteria have the potential to have a positive impact on human health and nutrition, some of which include increasing the nutritional value of food, controlling intestinal infections, improving the digestion of lactose, controlling some types of cancer, and controlling serum cholesterol levels in the blood. Some of these benefits are the result of the growth and action of bacteria during food processing, while others are the result of the growth of several BALs in the intestinal tract while digesting foods containing BAL itself.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur\">{{cite journal | author = Gilliland SE. | year = 1990 | month = September | title = Health and nutritional benefits from lactic acid bacteria. | journal = FEMS Microbiol Rev. | volume = 7 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 175-88 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223 }} </ref>","char_index":572,"name":"jur","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2271223","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":139688,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.573293-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7646484375}]},{"text":"Bakteri asam laktat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain dengan memproduksi protein yang disebut bakteriosin. Salah satu contoh bakteriosin yang dikenal luas adalah nisin, diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis.","translated_text":"Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of other bacteria by producing a protein called bacteriosin. One widely known example of bacteriosin is nisin, produced by Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":226,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bakteri asam laktat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri lain dengan memproduksi protein yang disebut bakteriosin. Salah satu contoh bakteriosin yang dikenal luas adalah nisin, diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis. Nisin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa bakteri, yaitu Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, dan Listeria.","translated_text":"Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of other bacteria by producing a protein called bacteriosin. One widely known example of bacteriosin is nisin, produced by Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis. Nisin can inhibit the growth of some bacteria, namely Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Listeria.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":338,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Salah satu contoh bakteriosin yang dikenal luas adalah nisin, diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis. Nisin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa bakteri, yaitu Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, dan Listeria. Senyawa bakteriosin yang diproduksi BAL dapat bermanfaat karena menghambat bakteri patogen yang dapat merusak makanan ataupun membayakan kesehatan manusia, sehingga keamanan makanan lebih terjamin.","translated_text":"One widely known example of bacteriosin is nisin, produced by Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis. Nisin can inhibit the growth of some bacteria, namely Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Listeria. The bacteriosin compound produced by BAL can be beneficial in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that can damage food or impair human health, thus ensuring food safety.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bacin\">{{cite book|last= Pieter Walstra, Jan T. M. Wouters, Tom J. Geurts|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Dairy Science and Technology, Second Edition|year= 2005|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-2763-5}}</ref>","char_index":421,"name":"bacin","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain bakteriosin, senyawa antimikroba (penghambat bakteri lain) yang dapat diproduksi oleh BAL adalah hidrogen peroksida, asam lemah, reuterin, dan diasetil.","translated_text":"In addition to bacteriosines, the antimicrobial compounds (other bacterial inhibitors) that BAL can produce are hydrogen peroxide, weak acid, reuterine, and diethyl.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain bakteriosin, senyawa antimikroba (penghambat bakteri lain) yang dapat diproduksi oleh BAL adalah hidrogen peroksida, asam lemah, reuterin, dan diasetil. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut juga berfungsi untuk memperlama masa simpan dan meningkatkan keamanan produk pangan. BAL menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) untuk melindungi selnya terhadap keracunan oksigen.","translated_text":"In addition to bacteriosines, the antimicrobial compounds (other bacterial inhibitors) that BAL can produce are hydrogen peroxide, weak acid, reuterine, and diethyl. These compounds also serve to extend the shelf life and improve the safety of food products. BAL produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to protect its cells from oxygen poisoning.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":364,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Senyawa-senyawa tersebut juga berfungsi untuk memperlama masa simpan dan meningkatkan keamanan produk pangan. BAL menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) untuk melindungi selnya terhadap keracunan oksigen. Namun, H₂O₂ dapat bereaksi dengan senyawa lain (contohnya tiosianat endogen dalam susu mentah) hingga menghasilkan senyawa penghambat mikroorganisme lain.","translated_text":"These compounds also serve to extend the shelf life and improve the safety of food products. BAL produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to protect its cells from oxygen poisoning. However, H2O2 can react with other compounds (e.g. endogenous thiocyanate in raw milk) to produce other microorganism inhibitory compounds.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":359,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"BAL menghasilkan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) untuk melindungi selnya terhadap keracunan oksigen. Namun, H₂O₂ dapat bereaksi dengan senyawa lain (contohnya tiosianat endogen dalam susu mentah) hingga menghasilkan senyawa penghambat mikroorganisme lain. Mekanisme ini disebut sebagai sistem antimikroba laktoperoksidase.","translated_text":"BAL produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to protect its cells from oxygen poisoning. However, H2O2 can react with other compounds (e.g. endogenous thiocyanate in raw milk) to produce other microorganism inhibitory compounds. This mechanism is called the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":316,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun, H₂O₂ dapat bereaksi dengan senyawa lain (contohnya tiosianat endogen dalam susu mentah) hingga menghasilkan senyawa penghambat mikroorganisme lain. Mekanisme ini disebut sebagai sistem antimikroba laktoperoksidase. Asam laktat dan asam lemah lain yang dihasilkan BAL dapat memberikan efek bakterisidal untuk bakteri lain karena pH lingkungan dapat turun menjadi 3-4,5.","translated_text":"However, H2O2 can react with other compounds (e.g. endogenous thiocyanate in raw milk) to produce other microorganism inhibitory compounds. This mechanism is called the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system. Lactic acid and other weak acids produced by BAL can provide bactericidal effects for other bacteria as the pH of the environment can drop to 3-4.5.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"t\">{{cite journal | author = Iis Rostini | year = 2007 | month = | title = Peranan Bakteri Asam Laktat (Lactobacillus Plantarum) Terhadap Masa Simpan Filet Nila Merah Pada Suhu Rendah | url = http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":375,"name":"t","url":"http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.118031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mekanisme ini disebut sebagai sistem antimikroba laktoperoksidase. Asam laktat dan asam lemah lain yang dihasilkan BAL dapat memberikan efek bakterisidal untuk bakteri lain karena pH lingkungan dapat turun menjadi 3-4,5. Pada pH tersebut, BAL tetap dapat hidup sedangkan bakteri lain, termasuk bakteri pembusuk makanan yang merugikan akan mati.","translated_text":"This mechanism is called the lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system. Lactic acid and other weak acids produced by BAL can provide bactericidal effects for other bacteria as the pH of the environment can drop to 3-4.5. At that pH, BAL can survive while other bacteria, including harmful food spoilage bacteria, die.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"t\">{{cite journal | author = Iis Rostini | year = 2007 | month = | title = Peranan Bakteri Asam Laktat (Lactobacillus Plantarum) Terhadap Masa Simpan Filet Nila Merah Pada Suhu Rendah | url = http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":344,"name":"t","url":"http://resources.unpad.ac.id/unpad-content/uploads/publikasi_dosen/PERANAN%20BAKTERI%20ASAM%20LAKTAT.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.118031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asam laktat dan asam lemah lain yang dihasilkan BAL dapat memberikan efek bakterisidal untuk bakteri lain karena pH lingkungan dapat turun menjadi 3-4,5. Pada pH tersebut, BAL tetap dapat hidup sedangkan bakteri lain, termasuk bakteri pembusuk makanan yang merugikan akan mati. Reuterin adalah senyawa antimikrobial efektif untuk melawan berbagai jenis bakteri (bersifat spektrum luas), yang diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus reuteri selama pertumbuhan anaerobik terjadi dengan keberadaan gliserol.","translated_text":"Lactic acid and other weak acids produced by BAL can provide bactericidal effects for other bacteria as the pH of the environment can drop to 3-4.5. At that pH, BAL can survive while other bacteria, including harmful food spoilage bacteria, die. Reuterin is an effective antimicrobial compound to fight various types of bacteria (widespread-spectrum properties), produced by Lactobacillus reuteri during anaerobic growth occurring in the presence of glycerol.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":494,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada pH tersebut, BAL tetap dapat hidup sedangkan bakteri lain, termasuk bakteri pembusuk makanan yang merugikan akan mati. Reuterin adalah senyawa antimikrobial efektif untuk melawan berbagai jenis bakteri (bersifat spektrum luas), yang diproduksi oleh Lactobacillus reuteri selama pertumbuhan anaerobik terjadi dengan keberadaan gliserol. Diaseteil adalah senyawa yang menentukan rasa dan aroma mentega, serta aktif melawan bakteri gram negatif, khamir, kapang.","translated_text":"At that pH, BAL can survive while other bacteria, including harmful food spoilage bacteria, die. Reuterin is an effective antimicrobial compound to fight various types of bacteria (widespread-spectrum properties), produced by Lactobacillus reuteri during anaerobic growth occurring in the presence of glycerol. Diaseteil is a compound that determines the taste and aroma of butter, as well as being active against gram-negative bacteria, khamir, mold.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":463,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian BAL dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen secara efektif pada hewan ternak, contohnya bakteri jahat E. coli O157 dan Salmonella.","translated_text":"Some BALs can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in livestock, for example the bad bacteria E. coli O157 and Salmonella.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":139,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian BAL dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen secara efektif pada hewan ternak, contohnya bakteri jahat E. coli O157 dan Salmonella. Di samping itu, BAL juga dikonsumsi manusia dan hewan sebagai bakteri probiotik, yaitu bakteri bakteri yang dimakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan atau nutrisi tubuh.","translated_text":"Some BALs can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in livestock, for example the bad bacteria E. coli O157 and Salmonella. In addition, BAL is also consumed in humans and animals as a probiotic bacterium, a bacterial bacterium that is eaten to improve health or nutrition in the body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":304,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian BAL dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen secara efektif pada hewan ternak, contohnya bakteri jahat E. coli O157 dan Salmonella. Di samping itu, BAL juga dikonsumsi manusia dan hewan sebagai bakteri probiotik, yaitu bakteri bakteri yang dimakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan atau nutrisi tubuh. Beberapa spesies BAL merupakan probiotik yang baik karena dapat bertahan melewati pH lambung yang rendah dan menempel atau melakukan kolonisasi usus.","translated_text":"Some BALs can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in livestock, for example the bad bacteria E. coli O157 and Salmonella. In addition, BAL is also consumed in humans and animals as a probiotic bacterium, a bacterial bacterium that is eaten to improve health or nutrition in the body. Some BAL species are good probiotics because they can survive past low stomach pH and adhere to or colonize the intestines.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":454,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di samping itu, BAL juga dikonsumsi manusia dan hewan sebagai bakteri probiotik, yaitu bakteri bakteri yang dimakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan atau nutrisi tubuh. Beberapa spesies BAL merupakan probiotik yang baik karena dapat bertahan melewati pH lambung yang rendah dan menempel atau melakukan kolonisasi usus. Akibatnya, bakteri jahat di usus akan berkurang karena kalah bersaing dengan BAL.","translated_text":"In addition, BAL is also consumed in humans and animals as a probiotic bacterium, a bacterial bacterium that is eaten to improve health or nutrition in the body. Some BAL species are good probiotics because they can survive past low stomach pH and adhere to or colonize the intestines. As a result, the bad bacteria in the gut will decrease as they lose to BAL.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"jur2\">{{cite book|last= Steve Taylor|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, Vol. 50|year= 2004|publisher= Academic Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-12-016450-9}}</ref>","char_index":396,"name":"jur2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Lembuswana Mall","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mal Lembuswana]]","hash":"070ebb3cb100c639f449ba7f079018176da9f894e69a5eae5118827cf9750136","last_revision":"2010-06-14T10:59:10Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T10:59:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.000775","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mal Lembuswana\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mal Lembuswana","translated_text":"It's a soft mall.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kunya","wikicode":"{{Refimprove|date=April 2022}}\n'''''Kunya''''' ({{lang-ar|'''كنية'''}}; kuniyah) atau '''''kunyah''''', adalah sebuah nama panggilan yang biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat Arab untuk panggilan kehormatan atau gelar kepada seseorang, sebagai pengganti atas nama asli orang tersebut. Bentuk nama kunya adalah seperti \"abu\" (\"Abi\") dan \"ibnu\" untuk laki-laki, dan \"ummu\" dan \"bintu\" untuk perempuan, dan kemudian ditambahkan nama anak laki-laki pertamanya, atau bisa juga ditambahkan mengenai kebiasaannya. Sebagai contoh, [[Daftar Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina|Presiden Otoritas Palestina]] [[Mahmoud Abbas]] memiliki nama kunya Abu Mazen (ayah dari Mazen); sedangkan [[sahabat nabi]] yang terkenal bernama kunya [[Abu Hurairah]] (bapak [[Kucing]]), sesungguhnya ia bernama Abdur Rahman bin Shakhr.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}}''[http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210210634/http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm |date=2006-02-10 }}'', oleh Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), © 2003. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.\n\n[[Kategori:Gelar]]\n[[Kategori:Arab]]","hash":"8afae562b7cede9735aa911dc9d471ac92a100b20fe0f719e569e646bc4e6b4b","last_revision":"2022-04-02T22:07:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T11:01:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.062026","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"كنية","azb":"کُنیه","bn":"কুনিয়া","ce":"Кунья (цӀе)","ckb":"کونیە","da":"Kunya","de":"Kunya","en":"Kunya (Arabic)","eo":"Kunio","es":"Kunya","fa":"کنیه","fr":"Kunya","he":"כוניה","it":"Kunya (onomastica)","jv":"Kunya","ms":"Kunyah (bahasa Arab)","pl":"Kunja (przydomek)","ru":"Кунья (имя)","simple":"Kunya","sq":"Kunje","uk":"Кунья (ім'я)","ur":"کنیت","uz":"Abu (kunya)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Kunya (; kuniyah) atau kunyah, adalah sebuah nama panggilan yang biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat Arab untuk panggilan kehormatan atau gelar kepada seseorang, sebagai pengganti atas nama asli orang tersebut. Bentuk nama kunya adalah seperti \"abu\" (\"Abi\") dan \"ibnu\" untuk laki-laki, dan \"ummu\" dan \"bintu\" untuk perempuan, dan kemudian ditambahkan nama anak laki-laki pertamanya, atau bisa juga ditambahkan mengenai kebiasaannya. Sebagai contoh, Presiden Otoritas Palestina Mahmoud Abbas memiliki nama kunya Abu Mazen (ayah dari Mazen); sedangkan sahabat nabi yang terkenal bernama kunya Abu Hurairah (bapak Kucing), sesungguhnya ia bernama Abdur Rahman bin Shakhr.\n\nPeriod Arabic Names and Naming Practices , oleh Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), © 2003. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.\n\nKategori:Gelar Kategori:Arab\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kunya (; kuniyah) atau kunyah, adalah sebuah nama panggilan yang biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat Arab untuk panggilan kehormatan atau gelar kepada seseorang, sebagai pengganti atas nama asli orang tersebut.","translated_text":"Kunya (; kuniyah) or kunyah, is a nickname commonly used by Arab societies for the honorific or title of a person, as a substitute for that person's first name.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bentuk nama kunya adalah seperti \"abu\" (\"Abi\") dan \"ibnu\" untuk laki-laki, dan \"ummu\" dan \"bintu\" untuk perempuan, dan kemudian ditambahkan nama anak laki-laki pertamanya, atau bisa juga ditambahkan mengenai kebiasaannya.","translated_text":"The form of the kunya name is like \"gray\" (\"Abi\") and \"ibnu\" for males, and \"ummu\" and \"buya\" for females, and is then added to the name of his first son, or may also be added regarding his routine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai contoh, Presiden Otoritas Palestina Mahmoud Abbas memiliki nama kunya Abu Mazen (ayah dari Mazen); sedangkan sahabat nabi yang terkenal bernama kunya Abu Hurairah (bapak Kucing), sesungguhnya ia bernama Abdur Rahman bin Shakhr.","translated_text":"For example, President of the Palestinian Authority Mahmoud Abbas has the kunya name Abu Mazen (father of Mazen); while the famous companion of the prophet is the kunya name Abu Hurairah (father of the Cat), he is actually Abdur Rahman bin Shakhr.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices , oleh Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), © 2003.","translated_text":"Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices, by Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), © 2003.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210210634/http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm |date=2006-02-10 }}","char_index":41,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060210210634/http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.861837-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diakses 14 Juni 2010.","translated_text":"Accessed June 14, 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gelar Kategori:Arab","translated_text":"Categories:Category:Arab","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices , oleh Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), © 2003.","translated_text":"Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices, by Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), © 2003.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210210634/http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm |date=2006-02-10 }}","char_index":41,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060210210634/http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.861837-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kerajaan utara","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)]]","hash":"b6cd5e6adfa8bfcbac4074eea455d491d8003e0352f4f483e155d9c1fe93d784","last_revision":"2010-06-14T11:21:50Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T11:21:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.127619","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)","translated_text":"GOD of the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kerajaan selatan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kerajaan Yehuda]]","hash":"e8d59e1194f31efd3a7496c4bcbec78b22f120d5c1475a07ecc628dd03f9b2e5","last_revision":"2010-06-14T11:22:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T11:22:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.184116","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kerajaan Yehuda\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kerajaan Yehuda","translated_text":"THE GOD of the Kingdom of Judah","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Tari Kejei","wikicode":"'''Tari Kejei''' merupakan kesenian rakyat [[Rejang]] yang dilakukan pada setiap upacara kejei berlangsung. upacara kejei merupakan hajatan terbesar di suku rejang. dikatakan hajatan terbesar karena yang mengangkat hajat kejei tersebut merupakan orang-orang yang mampu.dengan pemotongan beberapa kerbau, kambing atau sapi sebagai syarat sah nya upacara kejei. Tarian tersebut dimainkan oleh para muda-mudi di pusat-pusat desa pada malam hari di tengah-tengah penerangan [[lampion]].tarian ini sebagai ajang perkenalan antara bujang dan gadis suku rejang.\n\nArea teritorarial [[Rejang]] sendiri teridiri dari beberapa [[kabupaten]] yaitu [[Kabupaten Lebong]], [[Kabupaten Rejang Lebong|Kabupaten Rejang lebong]], dan [[kabupaten Kepahiang]], dan beberapa suku pendatang di daerah [[Provinsi Bengkulu]] lainnya.\n\nKekhasan tari ini adalah alat-alat musik pengiringnya terbuat dari [[bambu]], seperti kulintang, [[seruling]] dan [[gong]]. Tarian dimainkan sekelompok orang yang membentuk lingkaran dengan berhadap-hadapan searah menyerupai jarum jam.\n\nTarian ini pertama kali dilaporkan oleh seorang pedagang Pasee, bernama Hassanuddin Al-Pasee yang berniaga ke Bengkulu pada tahun 1468. Tapi, ada pula keterangan dari Fhathahillah Al Pasee, yang pada tahun 1532 berkunjung ke [[tanah redjang]]. Tari Kejei pertama kali dibawakan saat pernikahan Putri Senggang dengan Biku Bermano., yang menurut kisahnya buku pelaksanaan \"kejei\" tersebut disimpan di dalam perut Biku Bermano. \"Kejei\" pertama kali dilaksanakan adalah kejei pernikahan Putri Senggang dan Biku Bermano.\n\nTari Kejei dipercaya sudah ada sebelum kedatangan para biku dari [[Majapahit]]. Sejak para biku datang, alat musiknya diganti dengan alat dari logam, seperti yang digunakan sampai saat ini. Acara kejei dilakukan dalam masa yang panjang, bisa sampai 9 bulan, 3 bulan, 15 hari atau 3 hari berturut-turut.\n\nTari ini adalah tarian sakral yang diyakini masyarakat mengandung nilai-nilai mistik, sehingga hanya dilaksanakan masyarakat Rejang dalam acara menyambut para biku, [[perkawinan]] dan adat marga. Pelaksanaan tari ini disertai pemotongan kerbau atau sapi sebagai syaratnya.\n\n== Referensi ==\n* [http://www.pro3rri.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10914&catid=62&Itemid=96 Tari Kejei]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, RRI Pro 3 FM, Sabtu, 15 Mei 2010 10:43\n* [http://www.patpetulai.com/tari-kejai/ Situs Ikatan Keluarga Besar Djang Pat Ptulai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722015115/http://patpetulai.com/tari-kejai |date=2018-07-22 }}\n\n{{Tarian di wilayah pulau Sumatera|state=autocollapse}} \n[[Kategori:Bengkulu]]\n[[Kategori:Kabupaten Rejang Lebong]]\n[[Kategori:Tarian dari Bengkulu]]","hash":"25ee72904373e33c959d3c638c6c98a7e09155d533401feda9ec0dd001d0be31","last_revision":"2024-03-19T08:49:10Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T11:39:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.240631","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Tari Kejei merupakan kesenian rakyat Rejang yang dilakukan pada setiap upacara kejei berlangsung. upacara kejei merupakan hajatan terbesar di suku rejang. dikatakan hajatan terbesar karena yang mengangkat hajat kejei tersebut merupakan orang-orang yang mampu.dengan pemotongan beberapa kerbau, kambing atau sapi sebagai syarat sah nya upacara kejei. Tarian tersebut dimainkan oleh para muda-mudi di pusat-pusat desa pada malam hari di tengah-tengah penerangan lampion.tarian ini sebagai ajang perkenalan antara bujang dan gadis suku rejang.\n\nArea teritorarial Rejang sendiri teridiri dari beberapa kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Lebong, Kabupaten Rejang lebong, dan kabupaten Kepahiang, dan beberapa suku pendatang di daerah Provinsi Bengkulu lainnya.\n\nKekhasan tari ini adalah alat-alat musik pengiringnya terbuat dari bambu, seperti kulintang, seruling dan gong. Tarian dimainkan sekelompok orang yang membentuk lingkaran dengan berhadap-hadapan searah menyerupai jarum jam.\n\nTarian ini pertama kali dilaporkan oleh seorang pedagang Pasee, bernama Hassanuddin Al-Pasee yang berniaga ke Bengkulu pada tahun 1468. Tapi, ada pula keterangan dari Fhathahillah Al Pasee, yang pada tahun 1532 berkunjung ke tanah redjang. Tari Kejei pertama kali dibawakan saat pernikahan Putri Senggang dengan Biku Bermano., yang menurut kisahnya buku pelaksanaan \"kejei\" tersebut disimpan di dalam perut Biku Bermano. \"Kejei\" pertama kali dilaksanakan adalah kejei pernikahan Putri Senggang dan Biku Bermano.\n\nTari Kejei dipercaya sudah ada sebelum kedatangan para biku dari Majapahit. Sejak para biku datang, alat musiknya diganti dengan alat dari logam, seperti yang digunakan sampai saat ini. Acara kejei dilakukan dalam masa yang panjang, bisa sampai 9 bulan, 3 bulan, 15 hari atau 3 hari berturut-turut.\n\nTari ini adalah tarian sakral yang diyakini masyarakat mengandung nilai-nilai mistik, sehingga hanya dilaksanakan masyarakat Rejang dalam acara menyambut para biku, perkawinan dan adat marga. Pelaksanaan tari ini disertai pemotongan kerbau atau sapi sebagai syaratnya.\n\nTari Kejei, RRI Pro 3 FM, Sabtu, 15 Mei 2010 10:43 Situs Ikatan Keluarga Besar Djang Pat Ptulai\n\nKategori:Bengkulu Kategori:Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Kategori:Tarian dari Bengkulu\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tari Kejei merupakan kesenian rakyat Rejang yang dilakukan pada setiap upacara kejei berlangsung. upacara kejei merupakan hajatan terbesar di suku rejang. dikatakan hajatan terbesar karena yang mengangkat hajat kejei tersebut merupakan orang-orang yang mampu.dengan pemotongan beberapa kerbau, kambing atau sapi sebagai syarat sah nya upacara kejei.","translated_text":"The Kejei dance is an art of the people of Rejang that is performed at every kejei ceremony. The kejei ceremony is the largest hajatan in the rejang tribe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tarian tersebut dimainkan oleh para muda-mudi di pusat-pusat desa pada malam hari di tengah-tengah penerangan lampion.tarian ini sebagai ajang perkenalan antara bujang dan gadis suku rejang.","translated_text":"The dance is performed by the youths in the centres of the villages at night in the midst of the lampion lights.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Area teritorarial Rejang sendiri teridiri dari beberapa kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Lebong, Kabupaten Rejang lebong, dan kabupaten Kepahiang, dan beberapa suku pendatang di daerah Provinsi Bengkulu lainnya.","translated_text":"The Rejang territorial area itself consists of several districts namely Lebong County, Rejang Lebong County, and Kepahiang County, and several immigrant tribes in other areas of Bengkulu Province.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekhasan tari ini adalah alat-alat musik pengiringnya terbuat dari bambu, seperti kulintang, seruling dan gong.","translated_text":"The hallmark of this dance is that its accompanying musical instruments are made of bamboo, such as flute, flute, and gong.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tarian dimainkan sekelompok orang yang membentuk lingkaran dengan berhadap-hadapan searah menyerupai jarum jam.","translated_text":"The dance is played by a group of people who form a circle facing each other in a clockwise direction.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tarian ini pertama kali dilaporkan oleh seorang pedagang Pasee, bernama Hassanuddin Al-Pasee yang berniaga ke Bengkulu pada tahun 1468.","translated_text":"The dance was first reported by a Pasee merchant named Hassanuddin Al-Pasee who traded to Bengkulu in 1468.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi, ada pula keterangan dari Fhathahillah Al Pasee, yang pada tahun 1532 berkunjung ke tanah redjang.","translated_text":"However, there are also accounts of Fhathahillah Al Pasee, who in 1532 visited the Redlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tari Kejei pertama kali dibawakan saat pernikahan Putri Senggang dengan Biku Bermano., yang menurut kisahnya buku pelaksanaan \"kejei\" tersebut disimpan di dalam perut Biku Bermano.","translated_text":"The Kejei dance was first performed at the wedding of Princess Senggang to Biku Bermano, who said that the book of execution of the \"kejei\" was stored in Biku Bermano's stomach.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Kejei\" pertama kali dilaksanakan adalah kejei pernikahan Putri Senggang dan Biku Bermano.","translated_text":"\"Kejei\" was first performed at the wedding of Princess Senggang and Mrs. Bermano.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tari Kejei dipercaya sudah ada sebelum kedatangan para biku dari Majapahit.","translated_text":"Kejei dance is believed to have existed before the arrival of the monks from Majapahit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak para biku datang, alat musiknya diganti dengan alat dari logam, seperti yang digunakan sampai saat ini.","translated_text":"Since the arrival of the monks, their instruments have been replaced by instruments made of metal, as they are still used today.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Acara kejei dilakukan dalam masa yang panjang, bisa sampai 9 bulan, 3 bulan, 15 hari atau 3 hari berturut-turut.","translated_text":"The seizures take place over a long period of time, up to 9 months, 3 months, 15 days or 3 consecutive days.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tari ini adalah tarian sakral yang diyakini masyarakat mengandung nilai-nilai mistik, sehingga hanya dilaksanakan masyarakat Rejang dalam acara menyambut para biku, perkawinan dan adat marga.","translated_text":"This dance is a sacred dance that is believed to contain mystical values, so it is only performed by the people of Rejang in the celebrations of bridesmaids, weddings and rituals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pelaksanaan tari ini disertai pemotongan kerbau atau sapi sebagai syaratnya.","translated_text":"The performance of this dance is accompanied by the cutting of a buffalo or a cow as a condition.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tari Kejei, RRI Pro 3 FM, Sabtu, 15 Mei 2010 10:43 Situs Ikatan Keluarga Besar Djang Pat Ptulai","translated_text":"Dance Kejei, RRI Pro 3 FM, Saturday, 15 May 2010 10:43","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722015115/http://patpetulai.com/tari-kejai |date=2018-07-22 }}","char_index":95,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180722015115/http://patpetulai.com/tari-kejai","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.930478-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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+{"title":"Cinnamomum burmannii","wikicode":"{{italic title}}\n{{taxobox\n|name = ''Cinnamomum burmannii''\n|image = zimtbaum.jpg\n|image_caption = Pohon ''Cinnamomum burmannii'' muda.\n|regnum = [[Plantae]]\n| unranked_subregnum = [[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]\n| unranked_divisio = [[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]\n|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s\n|ordo = [[Laurales]]\n|familia = [[Lauraceae]]\n|genus = ''[[Cinnamomum]]''\n|species = '''''C. burmannii'''''\n|binomial = ''Cinnamomum burmannii''\n|binomial_authority = \n|}}\n{{Commonscat|Cinnamomum burmanni}}\n\n'''Cinnamomum burmannii''' ('''cassia''', '''cassia Indonesia''', '''cassia padang''') adalah salah satu jenis [[kayu manis]].<ref name=\"p\"/> [[Spesies]] ini berasal dari [[Indonesia]] dan [[Asia Tenggara]].<ref name=\"ky\"/> Umumnya, tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai [[rempah]]-[[rempah]], [[tanaman hias]], maupun tanaman [[hutan]].<ref name=\"ky\"/> Kulit kayu ''C. burmannii'' yang memiliki bau aromatik ini sehingga digunakan sebagai bumbu (kayu manis), [[parfum]], maupun [[obat]].<ref name=\"ky\"/> [[Pohon]] ''C. burmannii'' dapat mencapai ketinggian 15 meter dan menghasilkan [[getah]] berwarna kuning muda atau keputihan.<ref name=\"p\"/> [[Budidaya]] C. burmannii dilakukan melalui [[biji]] ataupun [[stek]].<ref name=\"p\"/> [[Buah]] tua yang berkulit tebal dan berbau harum akan ditanaman sebagai [[pohon]] [[induk]] untuk [[reproduksi]].<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news\n|first = \n|last = \n|author = www.proseanet.org\n|coauthors = \n|url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535\n|title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = \n|accessdate = \n|quote = \n}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tumbuhan ini diketahui [[rentan]] terhadap [[kutu daun]], [[penyakit]] akar busuk, dan juga penyakit bintik daun (''leaf spot'').<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news \n|first = \n|last = \n|author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L\n|coauthors =\n|url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf\n|title = Cinnamomum burmannii\n|work = \n|publisher = \n|pages = \n|page = \n|date = Januari 2003\n|accessdate = 14 Juni 2010\n|quote =\n}}\n</ref>\n\n<gallery>\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmanni 20210627102154 02.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmannii 20210627102154 07.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmannii 20210627102154 16.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmannii 20210627102154 17.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmanni 20210627102154 21.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmannii 20210627102154 27.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmannii 20210627102154 19.jpg\nFile:陰香 Cinnamomum burmanni 20210627102154 28.jpg\n</gallery>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q4115136}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tumbuhan]]\n[[Kategori:Cinnamomum]]\n\n\n{{Tumbuhan-stub}}","hash":"50e704c17bb353862698c8d533cd632938cb96ab3cec0cf66c79f7d816f8e63c","last_revision":"2024-04-28T12:17:47Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T11:51:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.303434","cross_lingual_links":{"ace":"Kulét manèh","ar":"قرفة إندونيسية","arz":"قرفه اندونيسيه","az":"Cinnamomum burmanni","ceb":"Cinnamomum burmannii","en":"Cinnamomum burmanni","ko":"인도네시아계피나무","pl":"Cynamonowiec Burmana","sv":"Padangkanel","th":"อบเชยชวา","vi":"Quế trèn","war":"Cinnamomum burmannii","zh":"阴香","zh-yue":"陰香"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) adalah salah satu jenis kayu manis. Spesies ini berasal dari Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Umumnya, tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, tanaman hias, maupun tanaman hutan. Kulit kayu C. burmannii yang memiliki bau aromatik ini sehingga digunakan sebagai bumbu (kayu manis), parfum, maupun obat. Pohon C. burmannii dapat mencapai ketinggian 15 meter dan menghasilkan getah berwarna kuning muda atau keputihan. Budidaya C. burmannii dilakukan melalui biji ataupun stek. Buah tua yang berkulit tebal dan berbau harum akan ditanaman sebagai pohon induk untuk reproduksi. Tumbuhan ini diketahui rentan terhadap kutu daun, penyakit akar busuk, dan juga penyakit bintik daun (leaf spot).\n\nKategori:Tumbuhan Kategori:Cinnamomum\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) adalah salah satu jenis kayu manis.","translated_text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (Cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) is a type of cinnamon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies ini berasal dari Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"This species is native to Indonesia and Southeast Asia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":53,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Umumnya, tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, tanaman hias, maupun tanaman hutan.","translated_text":"Generally, it is used as a spice, ornamental plant, or forest plant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":90,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kulit kayu C. burmannii yang memiliki bau aromatik ini sehingga digunakan sebagai bumbu (kayu manis), parfum, maupun obat.","translated_text":"The bark of C. burmannii has this aromatic odor and is used as a spice, perfume, and medicine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":122,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pohon C. burmannii dapat mencapai ketinggian 15 meter dan menghasilkan getah berwarna kuning muda atau keputihan.","translated_text":"The C. burmannii tree can reach a height of 15 meters and produce juvenile yellow or white juices.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Budidaya C. burmannii dilakukan melalui biji ataupun stek.","translated_text":"C. burmannii is cultivated through seed or steak.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":58,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buah tua yang berkulit tebal dan berbau harum akan ditanaman sebagai pohon induk untuk reproduksi.","translated_text":"The old, thick-skinned, fragrant fruit will be planted as a mother tree for reproduction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tumbuhan ini diketahui rentan terhadap kutu daun, penyakit akar busuk, dan juga penyakit bintik daun (leaf spot).","translated_text":"It is known to be susceptible to leaf lice, rotting root disease, and leaf spot disease.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":113,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":98,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}]},{"text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) adalah salah satu jenis kayu manis. Spesies ini berasal dari Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (Cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) is a type of cinnamon. This species is native to Indonesia and Southeast Asia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":152,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) adalah salah satu jenis kayu manis. Spesies ini berasal dari Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Umumnya, tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, tanaman hias, maupun tanaman hutan.","translated_text":"Cinnamomum burmannii (Cassia, cassia Indonesia, cassia padang) is a type of cinnamon. This species is native to Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Generally, it is used as a spice, ornamental plant, or forest plant.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":243,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Spesies ini berasal dari Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Umumnya, tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, tanaman hias, maupun tanaman hutan. Kulit kayu C. burmannii yang memiliki bau aromatik ini sehingga digunakan sebagai bumbu (kayu manis), parfum, maupun obat.","translated_text":"This species is native to Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Generally, it is used as a spice, ornamental plant, or forest plant. The bark of C. burmannii has this aromatic odor and is used as a spice, perfume, and medicine.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":267,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Umumnya, tumbuhan ini digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah, tanaman hias, maupun tanaman hutan. Kulit kayu C. burmannii yang memiliki bau aromatik ini sehingga digunakan sebagai bumbu (kayu manis), parfum, maupun obat. Pohon C. burmannii dapat mencapai ketinggian 15 meter dan menghasilkan getah berwarna kuning muda atau keputihan.","translated_text":"Generally, it is used as a spice, ornamental plant, or forest plant. The bark of C. burmannii has this aromatic odor and is used as a spice, perfume, and medicine. The C. burmannii tree can reach a height of 15 meters and produce juvenile yellow or white juices.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":327,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}]},{"text":"Kulit kayu C. burmannii yang memiliki bau aromatik ini sehingga digunakan sebagai bumbu (kayu manis), parfum, maupun obat. Pohon C. burmannii dapat mencapai ketinggian 15 meter dan menghasilkan getah berwarna kuning muda atau keputihan. Budidaya C. burmannii dilakukan melalui biji ataupun stek.","translated_text":"The bark of C. burmannii has this aromatic odor and is used as a spice, perfume, and medicine. The C. burmannii tree can reach a height of 15 meters and produce juvenile yellow or white juices. C. burmannii is cultivated through seed or steak.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":295,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}]},{"text":"Pohon C. burmannii dapat mencapai ketinggian 15 meter dan menghasilkan getah berwarna kuning muda atau keputihan. Budidaya C. burmannii dilakukan melalui biji ataupun stek. Buah tua yang berkulit tebal dan berbau harum akan ditanaman sebagai pohon induk untuk reproduksi.","translated_text":"The C. burmannii tree can reach a height of 15 meters and produce juvenile yellow or white juices. C. burmannii is cultivated through seed or steak. The old, thick-skinned, fragrant fruit will be planted as a mother tree for reproduction.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"p\">{{cite news |first = |last = |author = www.proseanet.org |coauthors = |url = http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535 |title = Detil data Cinnamomum burmanni Blume |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = |quote = }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":271,"name":"p","url":"http://www.proseanet.org/florakita/browser.php?docsid=535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":226344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.999804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81689453125}]},{"text":"Budidaya C. burmannii dilakukan melalui biji ataupun stek. Buah tua yang berkulit tebal dan berbau harum akan ditanaman sebagai pohon induk untuk reproduksi. Tumbuhan ini diketahui rentan terhadap kutu daun, penyakit akar busuk, dan juga penyakit bintik daun (leaf spot).","translated_text":"C. burmannii is cultivated through seed or steak. The old, thick-skinned, fragrant fruit will be planted as a mother tree for reproduction. It is known to be susceptible to leaf lice, rotting root disease, and leaf spot disease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"ky\">{{en}} {{cite news |first = |last = |author = Starr F, Starr K, Loope L |coauthors = |url = http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf |title = Cinnamomum burmannii |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = Januari 2003 |accessdate = 14 Juni 2010 |quote = }} </ref>","char_index":271,"name":"ky","url":"http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinnamomum_burmannii.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:13.951502-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Clostridium perfringens","wikicode":"{{More citations needed|date=Juni 2021}}\n{{Taxobox\n| color = Darkgrey\n| name = ''Clostridium perfringens''\n| image = Clostridium_perfringens.jpg\n| image_width = 240px\n| image_caption = Fotomikrograf dari ''Clostridium perfringens''. \n| regnum = [[Bacteria]]\n| divisio = [[Firmicutes]]\n| classis = [[Clostridia]]\n| ordo = [[Clostridia]]les\n| familia = [[Clostridiaceae]]\n| genus = ''[[Clostridium]]''\n| species = ''''' perfringens'''''\n| binomial = ''Clostridium perfringens''\n| binomial_authority = Veillon & Zuber 1898<br />Hauduroy ''et al.'' 1937\n}}\n\n'''''Clostridium perfringens''''' adalah [[spesies]] [[bakteri]] [[gram-positif]] yang dapat membentuk [[spora]] dan menyebabkan keracunan makanan.<ref name=\"c\"/> Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul [[polisakarida]], dan dapat memproduksi [[asam]] dari [[laktosa]].<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref> ''C. perfringens'' dapat ditemukan pada makanan [[mentah]], terutama [[daging]] dan [[ayam]] karena kontaminasi [[tanah]] atau [[tinja]].<ref name=\"c\"/> Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada [[suhu]] 15-55&nbsp;°C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47&nbsp;°C.<ref name=\"c\"/> ''Clostridium perfringens'' dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki [[pH]] optimum pada kisaran 6-7.<ref name=\"c\"/> Sebagian ''C. perfringens'' dapat menghasilkan [[enterotoksin]] pada saat terjadi [[sporulasi]] dalam [[usus]] [[manusia]].<ref name=\"c\"/> Spesies bakteri ini dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan [[eksotoksin]] yang dihasilkan, yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E.<ref name=\"c\"/> Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena ''C. perfringens'' disebabkan oleh [[galur]] tipe A, dan ada pula yang disebbkan oleh [[galur]] tipe C.<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3 }}Page.32-36</ref>\n\n== Sejarah ==\n''Clostridium perfringens'' juga dikenal sebagai ''Clostridium welchii''. ''Clostridium perfringens'' ditemukan pada tahun 1892 oleh dua orang ilmuwan [[George Nuttall]] dan [[William Welch]] pada luka gangren yang awalnya dikenal sebagai ''Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus''. George Nuttall adalah seorang [[bakteriologi]] Amerika-Inggris tetapi memberikan kontribusi banyak untuk bidang ilmu. Nuttall mendirikan Institut Biologi dan Parasitologi Molteno di [[Universitas Cambridge|Cambridge University]] dan dia bertugas di sana hingga tahun 1921. Nuttall juga mendirikan Journal of Hygiene pada 1901 dan Journal of Parasitologi pada tahun 1908. William Welch memulai studinya di AS patologi dan mereka tinggal di Jerman. Ia kemudian kembali ke [[Amerika Serikat]] di mana ia membuka laboratorium [[patologi]] pertama di Bellevue Hospital Medical College di [[Kota New York]] pada tahun 1879. Ia pergi dari laboratorium patologi dan pada tahun 1893 diarahkan [[Universitas Johns Hopkins|Johns Hopkins University]] dan mulai pertama jurusan patologi di AS. Kedua pria ini telah membuat penemuan besar dan tayangan yang kekal dalam biologi.<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n== Pembagian ==\nStrain <nowiki>''</nowiki>Clostridium Perfringens<nowiki>''</nowiki> dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan [[eksotoksin]] yang dihasilkan yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E berdasarkan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan empat racun utama Alpha (α) beta (β) epsilon (ε) dan iota (ι).<ref>Yoo et al., 1997</ref><ref>Schlegel et al., 2012</ref> Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena <nowiki>''</nowiki>Clostridium perfringens<nowiki>''</nowiki> disebabkan oleh galur tipe A, dan adapula yang disebabkan oleh galur tipe C. Yang paling sering diisolasi sebagai bakteri patogen adalah <nowiki>''</nowiki>Clostridium perfringens<nowiki>''</nowiki> yang mempunyai 5 tipe, yaitu A-E. Semua tipe tersebut menghasilkan toksin-α dan dapat diperlihatkan keberadaannya dengan menggunakan tes Nagler. Toksin-toksin tersebut memegang peranan penting pada patologi suatu penyakit. Toksin-α bersifat letal dan menimbulkan nekrosi, sedangkan toksin-β bertanggung jawab pada hemolisis intravaskuler.\n\n== Epidemiologi ==\n''Clostridium perfringens'' dapat ditemukan di dalam [[tanah]], [[debu]], makanan (terutama daging dan unggas mentah) dan merupakan floral normal [[usus]] dan [[Sistem reproduksi|saluran kelamin]] manusia. ''Clostridium perfringens'' adalah penyebab paling umum gas gangren yang terdeteksi pada 60-90% dari kasus klostridial mionekrosis. Pada tahun 2011 angka kejadian keracunan makanan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini adalah sekitar 160.000 kasus per tahun di [[Belanda]] dan penyebab gas gangren pada lebih dari 3000 orang setiap tahunnya, dengan angka kematian dari 25% di Amerika Serikat. Dalam 50 tahun terakhir dan seiring dengan berkembangnya teknik kultur [[Bakteri anaerob|bakteriologi anaerob]] genus Klostridium dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada aliran darah. ''Clostridium perfringens'' adalah [[mikroorganisme]] tersering diidentifikasi dalam darah, yaitu 20-50% dari isolat.{{Butuh rujukan}}\n\n== Habitat ==\nHabitat utama bakteri ''Clostridium perfringens'' adalah tanah dan usus manusia serta usus hewan. Hanya [[Galur (genetika)|galur]] tipe A yang dijumpai di tanah dan traktus gastrointestinal. Karena dijumpai di tanah sebagai sel vegetatif, galur ini secara aktif dapat bereplikasi dan tanah merupakan habitatnya. Sebaliknya tipe B-E yang terdapat di tanah akan secara lambat tereliminasi karena ketidakmampuannya bersaing dengan galur tipe A yang habitatnya di tanah. Hampir setiap sampel tanah yang pernah diperiksa (kecuali tanah pasir [[Gurun Sahara]]) terbukti mengandung ''Clostridium perfringens.''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Muliawan|first=S.Y|date=2007|url=https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=HdpLPGyFZx8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Muliawan,+S.Y,+(2007).+Bakteri+Anaerob+yang+Erat+Kaitannya+dengan+Problem+di+Klinik+:+Diagnosis+dan+Penatalaksanaan.+Jakarta+:+Buku+Kedokteran+EGC.&ots=CFRA6DQBAZ&sig=AF8bVR9r1HA2D1JlyH-bekwXU_0|title=Bakteri Anaerob yang Erat Kaitannya dengan Problem di Klinik : Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan|location=jakarta|publisher=Buku Kedokteran EGC|url-status=live}}</ref>\n\nOrganisme ini juga ditemukan pada spesimen feses dari hampir semua [[vertebrata]] yang diperiksa, termasuk anjing, ternak [[sapi]], [[Ayam peliharaan|ayam]], [[Pipit|burung pipit]], [[Itik|bebek]], [[rusa]], [[kucing]], [[singa]], [[harimau]], [[babi]], [[kuda]], dan [[manusia]]. Penelitian flora oleh Finegold dkk. menunjukkan bahwa ''Clostridium perfringens'' didapatkan pada 28 di antara 40 subjek dengan kadar rata-rata sekitar 10<sup>9</sup>/g. ''Clostridium perfringens'' dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja. Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55&nbsp;°C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47&nbsp;°C. ''Clostridium perfringens'' dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian ''Clostridium perfringens'' dapat menghasilkan [[enterotoksin]] pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia.{{Butuh rujukan}}\n\n== Morfologi ==\n''Clostridium perfringens'' adalah bakteri non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul [[polisakarida]] dan dapat memproduksi asam dari [[laktosa]], berkapsul, batang gemuk, berbentuk lurus, sisinya sejajar, ujung-ujungnya membulat/bercabang & berukuran 4 – 6 µ x 1 µ, sendiri-sendiri / tersusun bentuk rantai. Bersifat pleomorfik, sering tampak bentuk-bentuk involusi dan filamen. Bersimpai dan tidak bergerak. Sporanya sentral / subterminal. Bakteri ini menghasilkan spora subterminal dan positif Gram dengan ukuran panjang 0,8-1,5 mikrometer (um), dapat muncul tunggal dan kadang membentuk filamen. Setelah 24 jam inkubasi pada agar darah, koloni yang pada awalnya berdiameter 1–3&nbsp;mm dapat mencapai diameter 4–15&nbsp;mm.<ref name=\":0\" />\n\n== Fisiologi ==\n''Clostridium perfringens'' merupakan isolat klostridium yang sering menimbulkan masalah klinis. ''Clostridium perfringens'' akan membentuk [[spora]] yang sangat tahan terhadap tekanan lingkungan seperti [[radiasi]], [[pengeringan]], dan [[panas]] ketika sedang dalam keadaan yang tidak menguntungkan. Ketahanan ini memungkinkan ''Clostridium perfringens'' bertahan hidup pada makanan yang tidak dimasak sempurna yang kemudian dapat menyebabkan [[keracunan makanan]]. ''Clostridium perfringens'' ini cenderung berkembang biak pada daging atau unggas yang telah dipanggang, direbus, salad, [[sup]], atau daging dengan saus.<ref name=\":0\" />\n\n== Biokimia ==\n''Clostridium perfringens'' tidak bisa menggunakan oksigen bebas sebagai akseptor elektron dalam pembentukan energi, bakteri ini menggunakan molekul kecil seperti [[Asam piruvat|piruvat]] sebagai [[akseptor elektron]]nya.<ref name=\":0\" /> Oksigen bersifat toksik terhadap bakteri ini karena bakteri ini tidak memiliki enzim-enzim redoks yang diperlukan untuk mereduksi oksigen seperti [[Enzim katalase|katalase]], peroksidase, dan superoksida dismutase. ''Clostridium perfringens'' tumbuh pada suhu 20-50<sup>o</sup>C optimal pada suhu 43-47<sup>o</sup>C dan [[PH|Ph]] 7,4, dapat tumbuh pada medium yang diperkaya serum dan darah.\n\n== Endospora ==\nSecara teknik, spora yang dihasilkan bakteri disebut [[endospora]] yaitu suatu badan berdinding tebal yang terbentuk dalam sel bakteri. Endospora merupakan mekanisme pertahanan bakteri. Spora yang dihasilkan bakteri ini dapat bertahan bertahun-tahun di lingkungan tertentu, dan jika dalam keadaan yang menguntungkan maka spora ini akan mengalami [[Perkecambahan|germinasi]] dan sel vegetatif akan tumbuh. Endospora dari ''Clostridium perfringens'' ini tahan terhadap [[sinar matahari]], pendidihan selama 20 menit dan resisten terhadap berbagai [[disinfektan]].<ref name=\":0\" />\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q309465}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bakteri]]\n[[Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1937]]","hash":"8c0d8cef122a6e6ba2ffaa02c930e5445a26ba157002beb079e528a76f01ffe9","last_revision":"2024-02-12T11:37:26Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T12:21:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.360487","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مطثية حاطمة","arz":"مطثيه حاطمه","bs":"Clostridium perfringens","ca":"Clostridium perfringens","cs":"Clostridium perfringens","da":"Clostridium perfringens","de":"Clostridium perfringens","el":"Κλωστηρίδιο της αεριογόνου γάγγραινας","en":"Clostridium perfringens","es":"Clostridium perfringens","eu":"Clostridium perfringens","fa":"کلوستریدیوم پرفرنژنس","fi":"Clostridium perfringens","fr":"Clostridium perfringens","gl":"Clostridium perfringens","he":"Clostridium perfringens","hr":"Clostridium perfringens","hu":"Clostridium perfringens","it":"Clostridium perfringens","ja":"ウェルシュ菌","ko":"웰치간균","lv":"Clostridium perfringens","ms":"Clostridium perfringens","nl":"Clostridium perfringens","nb":"Clostridium perfringens","pl":"Clostridium perfringens","pt":"Clostridium perfringens","ro":"Clostridium perfringens","ru":"Clostridium perfringens","simple":"Clostridium perfringens","sv":"Clostridium perfringens","tr":"Clostridium perfringens","uk":"Clostridium perfringens","vi":"Clostridium perfringens","zh":"產氣莢膜梭菌"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah spesies bakteri gram-positif yang dapat membentuk spora dan menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida, dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa. C. perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja. Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C. Clostridium perfringens dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian C. perfringens dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia. Spesies bakteri ini dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan eksotoksin yang dihasilkan, yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E. Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena C. perfringens disebabkan oleh galur tipe A, dan ada pula yang disebbkan oleh galur tipe C.\n\nClostridium perfringens juga dikenal sebagai Clostridium welchii. Clostridium perfringens ditemukan pada tahun 1892 oleh dua orang ilmuwan George Nuttall dan William Welch pada luka gangren yang awalnya dikenal sebagai Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. George Nuttall adalah seorang bakteriologi Amerika-Inggris tetapi memberikan kontribusi banyak untuk bidang ilmu. Nuttall mendirikan Institut Biologi dan Parasitologi Molteno di Cambridge University dan dia bertugas di sana hingga tahun 1921. Nuttall juga mendirikan Journal of Hygiene pada 1901 dan Journal of Parasitologi pada tahun 1908. William Welch memulai studinya di AS patologi dan mereka tinggal di Jerman. Ia kemudian kembali ke Amerika Serikat di mana ia membuka laboratorium patologi pertama di Bellevue Hospital Medical College di Kota New York pada tahun 1879. Ia pergi dari laboratorium patologi dan pada tahun 1893 diarahkan Johns Hopkins University dan mulai pertama jurusan patologi di AS. Kedua pria ini telah membuat penemuan besar dan tayangan yang kekal dalam biologi.\n\nStrain Clostridium Perfringens dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan eksotoksin yang dihasilkan yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E berdasarkan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan empat racun utama Alpha (α) beta (β) epsilon (ε) dan iota (ι). Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena Clostridium perfringens disebabkan oleh galur tipe A, dan adapula yang disebabkan oleh galur tipe C. Yang paling sering diisolasi sebagai bakteri patogen adalah Clostridium perfringens yang mempunyai 5 tipe, yaitu A-E. Semua tipe tersebut menghasilkan toksin-α dan dapat diperlihatkan keberadaannya dengan menggunakan tes Nagler. Toksin-toksin tersebut memegang peranan penting pada patologi suatu penyakit. Toksin-α bersifat letal dan menimbulkan nekrosi, sedangkan toksin-β bertanggung jawab pada hemolisis intravaskuler.\n\nClostridium perfringens dapat ditemukan di dalam tanah, debu, makanan (terutama daging dan unggas mentah) dan merupakan floral normal usus dan saluran kelamin manusia. Clostridium perfringens adalah penyebab paling umum gas gangren yang terdeteksi pada 60-90% dari kasus klostridial mionekrosis. Pada tahun 2011 angka kejadian keracunan makanan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini adalah sekitar 160.000 kasus per tahun di Belanda dan penyebab gas gangren pada lebih dari 3000 orang setiap tahunnya, dengan angka kematian dari 25% di Amerika Serikat. Dalam 50 tahun terakhir dan seiring dengan berkembangnya teknik kultur bakteriologi anaerob genus Klostridium dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada aliran darah. Clostridium perfringens adalah mikroorganisme tersering diidentifikasi dalam darah, yaitu 20-50% dari isolat.\n\nHabitat utama bakteri Clostridium perfringens adalah tanah dan usus manusia serta usus hewan. Hanya galur tipe A yang dijumpai di tanah dan traktus gastrointestinal. Karena dijumpai di tanah sebagai sel vegetatif, galur ini secara aktif dapat bereplikasi dan tanah merupakan habitatnya. Sebaliknya tipe B-E yang terdapat di tanah akan secara lambat tereliminasi karena ketidakmampuannya bersaing dengan galur tipe A yang habitatnya di tanah. Hampir setiap sampel tanah yang pernah diperiksa (kecuali tanah pasir Gurun Sahara) terbukti mengandung Clostridium perfringens.\n\nOrganisme ini juga ditemukan pada spesimen feses dari hampir semua vertebrata yang diperiksa, termasuk anjing, ternak sapi, ayam, burung pipit, bebek, rusa, kucing, singa, harimau, babi, kuda, dan manusia. Penelitian flora oleh Finegold dkk. menunjukkan bahwa Clostridium perfringens didapatkan pada 28 di antara 40 subjek dengan kadar rata-rata sekitar 10⁹/g. Clostridium perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja. Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C. Clostridium perfringens dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian Clostridium perfringens dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia.\n\nClostridium perfringens adalah bakteri non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa, berkapsul, batang gemuk, berbentuk lurus, sisinya sejajar, ujung-ujungnya membulat/bercabang & berukuran 4 – 6 µ x 1 µ, sendiri-sendiri / tersusun bentuk rantai. Bersifat pleomorfik, sering tampak bentuk-bentuk involusi dan filamen. Bersimpai dan tidak bergerak. Sporanya sentral / subterminal. Bakteri ini menghasilkan spora subterminal dan positif Gram dengan ukuran panjang 0,8-1,5 mikrometer (um), dapat muncul tunggal dan kadang membentuk filamen. Setelah 24 jam inkubasi pada agar darah, koloni yang pada awalnya berdiameter 1–3 mm dapat mencapai diameter 4–15 mm.\n\nClostridium perfringens merupakan isolat klostridium yang sering menimbulkan masalah klinis. Clostridium perfringens akan membentuk spora yang sangat tahan terhadap tekanan lingkungan seperti radiasi, pengeringan, dan panas ketika sedang dalam keadaan yang tidak menguntungkan. Ketahanan ini memungkinkan Clostridium perfringens bertahan hidup pada makanan yang tidak dimasak sempurna yang kemudian dapat menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Clostridium perfringens ini cenderung berkembang biak pada daging atau unggas yang telah dipanggang, direbus, salad, sup, atau daging dengan saus.\n\nClostridium perfringens tidak bisa menggunakan oksigen bebas sebagai akseptor elektron dalam pembentukan energi, bakteri ini menggunakan molekul kecil seperti piruvat sebagai akseptor elektronnya. Oksigen bersifat toksik terhadap bakteri ini karena bakteri ini tidak memiliki enzim-enzim redoks yang diperlukan untuk mereduksi oksigen seperti katalase, peroksidase, dan superoksida dismutase. Clostridium perfringens tumbuh pada suhu 20-50oC optimal pada suhu 43-47oC dan Ph 7,4, dapat tumbuh pada medium yang diperkaya serum dan darah.\n\nSecara teknik, spora yang dihasilkan bakteri disebut endospora yaitu suatu badan berdinding tebal yang terbentuk dalam sel bakteri. Endospora merupakan mekanisme pertahanan bakteri. Spora yang dihasilkan bakteri ini dapat bertahan bertahun-tahun di lingkungan tertentu, dan jika dalam keadaan yang menguntungkan maka spora ini akan mengalami germinasi dan sel vegetatif akan tumbuh. Endospora dari Clostridium perfringens ini tahan terhadap sinar matahari, pendidihan selama 20 menit dan resisten terhadap berbagai disinfektan.\n\nKategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1937\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah spesies bakteri gram-positif yang dapat membentuk spora dan menyebabkan keracunan makanan.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is a species of gram-positive bacteria that can form spores and cause food poisoning.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":121,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida, dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa.","translated_text":"Some characteristics of these bacteria are non-motile (non-motile), mostly have polysaccharide capsules, and can produce acid from lactose.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":160,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"C. perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja.","translated_text":"C. perfringens can be found in raw food, especially meat and chicken due to soil or fecal contamination.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C.","translated_text":"These bacteria can live at 15-55 °C, with an optimum temperature between 43-47 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian C. perfringens dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens can grow at pH 5-8.3 and has an optimum pH range of 6-7.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":92,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":196,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spesies bakteri ini dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan eksotoksin yang dihasilkan, yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E. Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena C. perfringens disebabkan oleh galur tipe A, dan ada pula yang disebbkan oleh galur tipe C.","translated_text":"These bacterial species are divided into 5 types based on the resulting exotoxins, namely A, B, C, D, and E. Most cases of food poisoning due to C. perfringens are caused by type A strains, and some are also caused by type C strains.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":106,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3 }}Page.32-36</ref>","char_index":244,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens juga dikenal sebagai Clostridium welchii.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is also known as Clostridium welchii.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens ditemukan pada tahun 1892 oleh dua orang ilmuwan George Nuttall dan William Welch pada luka gangren yang awalnya dikenal sebagai Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens was discovered in 1892 by two scientists George Nuttall and William Welch on gangrene wounds originally known as Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"George Nuttall adalah seorang bakteriologi Amerika-Inggris tetapi memberikan kontribusi banyak untuk bidang ilmu.","translated_text":"George Nuttall was an American-British bacteriologist but made many contributions to the field of science.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nuttall mendirikan Institut Biologi dan Parasitologi Molteno di Cambridge University dan dia bertugas di sana hingga tahun 1921.","translated_text":"Nuttall founded the Molteno Institute of Biology and Parasitology at Cambridge University and he served there until 1921.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nuttall juga mendirikan Journal of Hygiene pada 1901 dan Journal of Parasitologi pada tahun 1908.","translated_text":"Nuttall also founded the Journal of Hygiene in 1901 and the Journal of Parasitology in 1908.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"William Welch memulai studinya di AS patologi dan mereka tinggal di Jerman.","translated_text":"William Welch started his pathology studies in the US and they lived in Germany.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia kemudian kembali ke Amerika Serikat di mana ia membuka laboratorium patologi pertama di Bellevue Hospital Medical College di Kota New York pada tahun 1879.","translated_text":"He then returned to the United States where he opened the first pathology laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City in 1879.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia pergi dari laboratorium patologi dan pada tahun 1893 diarahkan Johns Hopkins University dan mulai pertama jurusan patologi di AS.","translated_text":"He left the pathology lab and in 1893 was directed at Johns Hopkins University and started the first pathology major in the US.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kedua pria ini telah membuat penemuan besar dan tayangan yang kekal dalam biologi.","translated_text":"These two men have made great discoveries and lasting impressions in biology.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":82,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125},{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":82,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembagian","translated_text":"Divisions","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Strain Clostridium Perfringens dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan eksotoksin yang dihasilkan yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E berdasarkan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan empat racun utama Alpha (α) beta (β) epsilon (ε) dan iota (ι).","translated_text":"The Clostridium Perfringens strain is divided into 5 types based on the resulting exotoxins A, B, C, D, and E based on its ability to produce the four main toxins Alpha (α) beta (β) epsilon (ε) and iota (ι).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Yoo et al., 1997</ref>","char_index":222,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Schlegel et al., 2012</ref>","char_index":222,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena Clostridium perfringens disebabkan oleh galur tipe A, dan adapula yang disebabkan oleh galur tipe C.","translated_text":"Most cases of food poisoning due to Clostridium perfringens are caused by strains of type A, and some are caused by strains of type C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang paling sering diisolasi sebagai bakteri patogen adalah Clostridium perfringens yang mempunyai 5 tipe, yaitu A-E. Semua tipe tersebut menghasilkan toksin-α dan dapat diperlihatkan keberadaannya dengan menggunakan tes Nagler.","translated_text":"The most commonly isolated pathogenic bacteria is Clostridium perfringens which has 5 types, namely A-E. All of these types produce α-toxins and can be shown to be present using the Nagler test.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Toksin-toksin tersebut memegang peranan penting pada patologi suatu penyakit.","translated_text":"These toxins play an important role in the pathology of a disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Toksin-α bersifat letal dan menimbulkan nekrosi, sedangkan toksin-β bertanggung jawab pada hemolisis intravaskuler.","translated_text":"Toxin-α is lethal and causes necrosis, while toxin-β is responsible for intravascular hemolysis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Epidemiologi","translated_text":"Epidemiology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens dapat ditemukan di dalam tanah, debu, makanan (terutama daging dan unggas mentah) dan merupakan floral normal usus dan saluran kelamin manusia.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens can be found in soil, dust, food (especially raw meat and poultry) and is a normal flora of the human gut and genital tract.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah penyebab paling umum gas gangren yang terdeteksi pada 60-90% dari kasus klostridial mionekrosis.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is the most common cause of gangrene gas detected in 60-90% of cases of clostridial myonecrosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2011 angka kejadian keracunan makanan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini adalah sekitar 160.000 kasus per tahun di Belanda dan penyebab gas gangren pada lebih dari 3000 orang setiap tahunnya, dengan angka kematian dari 25% di Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"In 2011 the number of cases of food poisoning caused by these bacteria was about 160,000 cases per year in the Netherlands and causing gangrene gas to more than 3,000 people each year, with a mortality rate of 25% in the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam 50 tahun terakhir dan seiring dengan berkembangnya teknik kultur bakteriologi anaerob genus Klostridium dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada aliran darah.","translated_text":"In the last 50 years and with the development of bacteriological culture techniques anaerobic genus Klostridium can cause infections in the bloodstream.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah mikroorganisme tersering diidentifikasi dalam darah, yaitu 20-50% dari isolat.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is the most commonly identified microorganism in the blood, accounting for 20-50% of isolates.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Habitat","translated_text":"Habitat","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Habitat utama bakteri Clostridium perfringens adalah tanah dan usus manusia serta usus hewan.","translated_text":"The primary habitat of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens is the soil and intestines of humans and animals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hanya galur tipe A yang dijumpai di tanah dan traktus gastrointestinal.","translated_text":"Only type A galls were found in the soil and gastrointestinal tract.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena dijumpai di tanah sebagai sel vegetatif, galur ini secara aktif dapat bereplikasi dan tanah merupakan habitatnya.","translated_text":"Because they are found in the soil as vegetative cells, they can actively reproduce and the soil is their habitat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebaliknya tipe B-E yang terdapat di tanah akan secara lambat tereliminasi karena ketidakmampuannya bersaing dengan galur tipe A yang habitatnya di tanah.","translated_text":"On the other hand, soil-based B-E types will be slowly eliminated due to their inability to compete with soil-based A-type strains.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hampir setiap sampel tanah yang pernah diperiksa (kecuali tanah pasir Gurun Sahara) terbukti mengandung Clostridium perfringens.","translated_text":"Almost every soil sample ever examined (except the sandy soil of the Sahara Desert) has been shown to contain Clostridium perfringens.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Muliawan|first=S.Y|date=2007|url=https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=HdpLPGyFZx8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Muliawan,+S.Y,+(2007).+Bakteri+Anaerob+yang+Erat+Kaitannya+dengan+Problem+di+Klinik+:+Diagnosis+dan+Penatalaksanaan.+Jakarta+:+Buku+Kedokteran+EGC.&ots=CFRA6DQBAZ&sig=AF8bVR9r1HA2D1JlyH-bekwXU_0|title=Bakteri Anaerob yang Erat Kaitannya dengan Problem di Klinik : Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan|location=jakarta|publisher=Buku Kedokteran EGC|url-status=live}}</ref>","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":"https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=HdpLPGyFZx8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Muliawan,+S.Y,+(2007).+Bakteri+Anaerob+yang+Erat+Kaitannya+dengan+Problem+di+Klinik+:+Diagnosis+dan+Penatalaksanaan.+Jakarta+:+Buku+Kedokteran+EGC.&ots=CFRA6DQBAZ&sig=AF8bVR9r1HA2D1JlyH-bekwXU_0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28501,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:33.807664-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (28 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Organisme ini juga ditemukan pada spesimen feses dari hampir semua vertebrata yang diperiksa, termasuk anjing, ternak sapi, ayam, burung pipit, bebek, rusa, kucing, singa, harimau, babi, kuda, dan manusia.","translated_text":"The organism was also found in fecal specimens of almost all vertebrates examined, including dogs, cattle, chickens, turkeys, ducks, deer, cats, lions, tigers, pigs, horses, and humans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penelitian flora oleh Finegold dkk. menunjukkan bahwa Clostridium perfringens didapatkan pada 28 di antara 40 subjek dengan kadar rata-rata sekitar 10⁹/g.","translated_text":"Flora studies by Finegold et al. showed that Clostridium perfringens was found in 28 out of 40 subjects with an average concentration of about 109/g.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens can be found in raw food, especially meat and chicken due to soil or fecal contamination.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C.","translated_text":"These bacteria can live at 15-55 °C, with an optimum temperature between 43-47 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian Clostridium perfringens dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens can grow at pH 5-8.3 and have an optimum pH range of 6-7.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Morfologi","translated_text":"Morphology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah bakteri non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa, berkapsul, batang gemuk, berbentuk lurus, sisinya sejajar, ujung-ujungnya membulat/bercabang & berukuran 4 – 6 µ x 1 µ, sendiri-sendiri / tersusun bentuk rantai.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is a non-motile (non-moving) bacterium, mostly polysaccharide capsules and can produce acid from lactose, capsules, fatty stems, straight shapes, parallel sides, round/branching ends & 4  ⁇  6 μ x 1 μ, self-contained/chain-shaped.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersifat pleomorfik, sering tampak bentuk-bentuk involusi dan filamen.","translated_text":"Pleomorphic in nature, involuntary and filamentary shapes often appear.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersimpai dan tidak bergerak.","translated_text":"Hold on and don't move.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sporanya sentral / subterminal.","translated_text":"The spore is central/subterminal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bakteri ini menghasilkan spora subterminal dan positif Gram dengan ukuran panjang 0,8-1,5 mikrometer (um), dapat muncul tunggal dan kadang membentuk filamen.","translated_text":"These bacteria produce subterminal and Gram-positive spores measuring 0.8-1.5 micrometers (mm) in length, can appear singly and sometimes form filaments.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah 24 jam inkubasi pada agar darah, koloni yang pada awalnya berdiameter 1–3 mm dapat mencapai diameter 4–15 mm.","translated_text":"After 24 hours of incubation in agar blood, colonies initially 1 ⁇ 3 mm in diameter can reach 4 ⁇ 15 mm in diameter.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":117,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Fisiologi","translated_text":"Physiology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens merupakan isolat klostridium yang sering menimbulkan masalah klinis.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is a clostridium isolate that often causes clinical problems.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens akan membentuk spora yang sangat tahan terhadap tekanan lingkungan seperti radiasi, pengeringan, dan panas ketika sedang dalam keadaan yang tidak menguntungkan.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens will form spores that are highly resistant to environmental pressures such as radiation, drying, and heat when under adverse conditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketahanan ini memungkinkan Clostridium perfringens bertahan hidup pada makanan yang tidak dimasak sempurna yang kemudian dapat menyebabkan keracunan makanan.","translated_text":"This resistance allows Clostridium perfringens to survive on imperfectly cooked foods that can then lead to food poisoning.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens ini cenderung berkembang biak pada daging atau unggas yang telah dipanggang, direbus, salad, sup, atau daging dengan saus.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens tends to breed on meat or poultry that has been roasted, boiled, in salads, soups, or meat with sauce.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":146,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biokimia","translated_text":"Biochemistry","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens tidak bisa menggunakan oksigen bebas sebagai akseptor elektron dalam pembentukan energi, bakteri ini menggunakan molekul kecil seperti piruvat sebagai akseptor elektronnya.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens cannot use free oxygen as an electron acceptor in energy formation, this bacterium uses small molecules such as pyruvate as its electron acceptor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":196,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oksigen bersifat toksik terhadap bakteri ini karena bakteri ini tidak memiliki enzim-enzim redoks yang diperlukan untuk mereduksi oksigen seperti katalase, peroksidase, dan superoksida dismutase.","translated_text":"Oxygen is toxic to these bacteria because these bacteria lack the redox enzymes needed to reduce oxygen such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens tumbuh pada suhu 20-50oC optimal pada suhu 43-47oC dan Ph 7,4, dapat tumbuh pada medium yang diperkaya serum dan darah.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens grows at 20-50oC optimally at 43-47oC and Ph 7.4, can grow on serum and blood-enriched mediums.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Endospora","translated_text":"Endosphere","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara teknik, spora yang dihasilkan bakteri disebut endospora yaitu suatu badan berdinding tebal yang terbentuk dalam sel bakteri.","translated_text":"Technically, a spore produced by bacteria is called an endospora which is a thick-walled body that forms within a bacterial cell.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Endospora merupakan mekanisme pertahanan bakteri.","translated_text":"The endospora is a bacterial defense mechanism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spora yang dihasilkan bakteri ini dapat bertahan bertahun-tahun di lingkungan tertentu, dan jika dalam keadaan yang menguntungkan maka spora ini akan mengalami germinasi dan sel vegetatif akan tumbuh.","translated_text":"The spores produced by these bacteria can survive for years in certain environments, and if in favorable conditions then these spores will germinate and vegetative cells will grow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Endospora dari Clostridium perfringens ini tahan terhadap sinar matahari, pendidihan selama 20 menit dan resisten terhadap berbagai disinfektan.","translated_text":"The endospora of Clostridium perfringens is resistant to sunlight, dizzying for 20 minutes and resistant to various disinfectants.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":144,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bakteri Kategori:Bakteri yang dideskripsikan tahun 1937","translated_text":"Category:Bacteria Category:Bacteria described in 1937","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah spesies bakteri gram-positif yang dapat membentuk spora dan menyebabkan keracunan makanan.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is a species of gram-positive bacteria that can form spores and cause food poisoning.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":121,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah spesies bakteri gram-positif yang dapat membentuk spora dan menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida, dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is a species of gram-positive bacteria that can form spores and cause food poisoning. Some characteristics of these bacteria are non-motile (non-motile), mostly have polysaccharide capsules, and can produce acid from lactose.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":282,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens adalah spesies bakteri gram-positif yang dapat membentuk spora dan menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida, dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa. C. perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens is a species of gram-positive bacteria that can form spores and cause food poisoning. Some characteristics of these bacteria are non-motile (non-motile), mostly have polysaccharide capsules, and can produce acid from lactose. C. perfringens can be found in raw food, especially meat and chicken due to soil or fecal contamination.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":396,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa karakteristik dari bakteri ini adalah non-motil (tidak bergerak), sebagian besar memiliki kapsul polisakarida, dan dapat memproduksi asam dari laktosa. C. perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja. Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C.","translated_text":"Some characteristics of these bacteria are non-motile (non-motile), mostly have polysaccharide capsules, and can produce acid from lactose. C. perfringens can be found in raw food, especially meat and chicken due to soil or fecal contamination. These bacteria can live at 15-55 °C, with an optimum temperature between 43-47 °C.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":355,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"C. perfringens dapat ditemukan pada makanan mentah, terutama daging dan ayam karena kontaminasi tanah atau tinja. Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C. Clostridium perfringens dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian C. perfringens dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia.","translated_text":"C. perfringens can be found in raw food, especially meat and chicken due to soil or fecal contamination. These bacteria can live at 15-55 °C, with an optimum temperature between 43-47 °C. Clostridium perfringens can grow at pH 5-8.3 and has an optimum pH range of 6-7.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":287,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":391,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bakteri ini dapat hidup pada suhu 15-55 °C, dengan suhu optimum antara 43-47 °C. Clostridium perfringens dapat tumbuh pada pH 5-8,3 dan memiliki pH optimum pada kisaran 6-7. Sebagian C. perfringens dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin pada saat terjadi sporulasi dalam usus manusia. Spesies bakteri ini dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan eksotoksin yang dihasilkan, yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E. Sebagian besar kasus keracunan makanan karena C. perfringens disebabkan oleh galur tipe A, dan ada pula yang disebbkan oleh galur tipe C.","translated_text":"These bacteria can live at 15-55 °C, with an optimum temperature between 43-47 °C. Clostridium perfringens can grow at pH 5-8.3 and has an optimum pH range of 6-7. These bacterial species are divided into 5 types based on the resulting exotoxins, namely A, B, C, D, and E. Most cases of food poisoning due to C. perfringens are caused by type A strains, and some are also caused by type C strains.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"c\">{{cite book|last= Lucia Clontz|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Microbial Limit and Bioburden Tests: Validation Approaches and Global Requirements|year= 2008|publisher= CRC Press|location=|id= ISBN 978-1-4200-5348-7}}Page.30</ref>","char_index":384,"name":"c","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Richard Lawley, Laurie Curtis, Judy Davis|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= The food safety hazard guidebook|year= 2008|publisher= Royal Society of Chemistry|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-85404-460-3 }}Page.32-36</ref>","char_index":522,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia kemudian kembali ke Amerika Serikat di mana ia membuka laboratorium patologi pertama di Bellevue Hospital Medical College di Kota New York pada tahun 1879. Ia pergi dari laboratorium patologi dan pada tahun 1893 diarahkan Johns Hopkins University dan mulai pertama jurusan patologi di AS. Kedua pria ini telah membuat penemuan besar dan tayangan yang kekal dalam biologi.","translated_text":"He then returned to the United States where he opened the first pathology laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City in 1879. He left the pathology lab and in 1893 was directed at Johns Hopkins University and started the first pathology major in the US. These two men have made great discoveries and lasting impressions in biology.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":374,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125},{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":374,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}]},{"text":"Strain Clostridium Perfringens dibagi menjadi 5 tipe berdasarkan eksotoksin yang dihasilkan yaitu A, B, C, D, dan E berdasarkan kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan empat racun utama Alpha (α) beta (β) epsilon (ε) dan iota (ι).","translated_text":"The Clostridium Perfringens strain is divided into 5 types based on the resulting exotoxins A, B, C, D, and E based on its ability to produce the four main toxins Alpha (α) beta (β) epsilon (ε) and iota (ι).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Yoo et al., 1997</ref>","char_index":222,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Schlegel et al., 2012</ref>","char_index":222,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Karena dijumpai di tanah sebagai sel vegetatif, galur ini secara aktif dapat bereplikasi dan tanah merupakan habitatnya. Sebaliknya tipe B-E yang terdapat di tanah akan secara lambat tereliminasi karena ketidakmampuannya bersaing dengan galur tipe A yang habitatnya di tanah. Hampir setiap sampel tanah yang pernah diperiksa (kecuali tanah pasir Gurun Sahara) terbukti mengandung Clostridium perfringens.","translated_text":"Because they are found in the soil as vegetative cells, they can actively reproduce and the soil is their habitat. On the other hand, soil-based B-E types will be slowly eliminated due to their inability to compete with soil-based A-type strains. Almost every soil sample ever examined (except the sandy soil of the Sahara Desert) has been shown to contain Clostridium perfringens.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Muliawan|first=S.Y|date=2007|url=https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=HdpLPGyFZx8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Muliawan,+S.Y,+(2007).+Bakteri+Anaerob+yang+Erat+Kaitannya+dengan+Problem+di+Klinik+:+Diagnosis+dan+Penatalaksanaan.+Jakarta+:+Buku+Kedokteran+EGC.&ots=CFRA6DQBAZ&sig=AF8bVR9r1HA2D1JlyH-bekwXU_0|title=Bakteri Anaerob yang Erat Kaitannya dengan Problem di Klinik : Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan|location=jakarta|publisher=Buku Kedokteran EGC|url-status=live}}</ref>","char_index":404,"name":null,"url":"https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=HdpLPGyFZx8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Muliawan,+S.Y,+(2007).+Bakteri+Anaerob+yang+Erat+Kaitannya+dengan+Problem+di+Klinik+:+Diagnosis+dan+Penatalaksanaan.+Jakarta+:+Buku+Kedokteran+EGC.&ots=CFRA6DQBAZ&sig=AF8bVR9r1HA2D1JlyH-bekwXU_0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28501,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:33.807664-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (28 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sporanya sentral / subterminal. Bakteri ini menghasilkan spora subterminal dan positif Gram dengan ukuran panjang 0,8-1,5 mikrometer (um), dapat muncul tunggal dan kadang membentuk filamen. Setelah 24 jam inkubasi pada agar darah, koloni yang pada awalnya berdiameter 1–3 mm dapat mencapai diameter 4–15 mm.","translated_text":"The spore is central/subterminal. These bacteria produce subterminal and Gram-positive spores measuring 0.8-1.5 micrometers (mm) in length, can appear singly and sometimes form filaments. After 24 hours of incubation in agar blood, colonies initially 1 ⁇ 3 mm in diameter can reach 4 ⁇ 15 mm in diameter.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":307,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens akan membentuk spora yang sangat tahan terhadap tekanan lingkungan seperti radiasi, pengeringan, dan panas ketika sedang dalam keadaan yang tidak menguntungkan. Ketahanan ini memungkinkan Clostridium perfringens bertahan hidup pada makanan yang tidak dimasak sempurna yang kemudian dapat menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Clostridium perfringens ini cenderung berkembang biak pada daging atau unggas yang telah dipanggang, direbus, salad, sup, atau daging dengan saus.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens will form spores that are highly resistant to environmental pressures such as radiation, drying, and heat when under adverse conditions. This resistance allows Clostridium perfringens to survive on imperfectly cooked foods that can then lead to food poisoning. Clostridium perfringens tends to breed on meat or poultry that has been roasted, boiled, in salads, soups, or meat with sauce.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":489,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}]},{"text":"Clostridium perfringens tidak bisa menggunakan oksigen bebas sebagai akseptor elektron dalam pembentukan energi, bakteri ini menggunakan molekul kecil seperti piruvat sebagai akseptor elektronnya.","translated_text":"Clostridium perfringens cannot use free oxygen as an electron acceptor in energy formation, this bacterium uses small molecules such as pyruvate as its electron acceptor.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":196,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}]},{"text":"Endospora merupakan mekanisme pertahanan bakteri. Spora yang dihasilkan bakteri ini dapat bertahan bertahun-tahun di lingkungan tertentu, dan jika dalam keadaan yang menguntungkan maka spora ini akan mengalami germinasi dan sel vegetatif akan tumbuh. Endospora dari Clostridium perfringens ini tahan terhadap sinar matahari, pendidihan selama 20 menit dan resisten terhadap berbagai disinfektan.","translated_text":"The endospora is a bacterial defense mechanism. The spores produced by these bacteria can survive for years in certain environments, and if in favorable conditions then these spores will germinate and vegetative cells will grow. The endospora of Clostridium perfringens is resistant to sunlight, dizzying for 20 minutes and resistant to various disinfectants.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\":0\">{{Cite journal|last=Anggraini|first=Debie|date=2016|title=Aspek Klinis Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Clostridium perfringens Tipe A|url=https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|journal=Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah|volume=2|issue=1|pages=60|issn=2407 - 358X|access-date=2021-06-30|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181648/https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf#page=60|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":395,"name":":0","url":"https://fk.unbrah.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/JKB.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.979556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09893798828125}]}]}
+{"title":"Wayang Bangsawan","wikicode":"[[Berkas:KITLV - 106227 - Lambert & Co., G.R. - Singapore - Bangsawan, Malay opera Penang - circa 1895.tif|jmpl|Wayang Bangsawan di Teater Malay, Penang]]\n'''Wayang Bangsawan''' atau '''Teater Bangsawan''' ([[Jawi]]: '''بڠساون''') adalah [[teater]] rakyat tradisional yang hidup di [[Kepulauan Riau]] dan [[Kepulauan Lingga]], [[Indonesia]], serta berkembang pula di kawasan [[Malaysia]] dan [[Brunei Darussalam]]. Teater ini dapat dimainkan semua lapisan masyarakat, dari nelayan hingga guru.\n\nTeater ini adalah pertunjukan [[stambul]] atau [[komedi]] yang menggabungkan [[musik]], [[drama]] dan [[tari]] serta mengangkat kisah-kisah di lingkungan [[istana]]. Cerita-cerita yang sering diangkat adalah kisah tentang ''Hang Tuah Lima Bersaudara'', ''Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang'' dan ''Laksamana Bintan''.\n\nMenurut [[sejarah]], teater ini dikembangkan oleh masyarakat [[Persia]] atau [[Parsi]] yang pindah ke India karena pertentangan ''ideologi'' di tanah airnya. Teater ini lalu berkembang di [[Pulau Pinang]], Malaysia, dan menyebar pula ke Indonesia, termasuk [[Riau]], [[Bengkulu]], [[Sumatera Selatan]], dan [[Kalimantan Selatan]], tetapi teater ini lebih lekat dengan kebudayaan Kepulauan Riau.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n* Hang Kafrawi, [http://www.sagangonline.com/index.php?sg=full&id=439&kat=52 \"Akulturasi Teater Bangsawan\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135721/http://www.sagangonline.com/index.php?sg=full&id=439&kat=52 |date=2018-09-22 }}, ''Sagang Online'', 3 Mei 2010\n* Agus Setiyanto, [http://bangkahoeloe.wordpress.com/tag/panggung-bangsawan-bengkulu/ ''Panggung Bangsawan Bengkulu''], 12 Januari 2009\n\n[[Kategori:Seni tradisional]]\n[[Kategori:Teater Indonesia]]","hash":"f213a5f51c9d07be2c5fda04b24b30f77932cfa8ad77d6c05b766e9087ed1c2f","last_revision":"2023-09-29T06:55:03Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T12:30:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.416677","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Bangsawan","fa":"بانگساوان","ms":"Wayang bangsawan","ru":"Бангсаван"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Wayang Bangsawan atau Teater Bangsawan (Jawi: بڠساون) adalah teater rakyat tradisional yang hidup di Kepulauan Riau dan Kepulauan Lingga, Indonesia, serta berkembang pula di kawasan Malaysia dan Brunei Darussalam. Teater ini dapat dimainkan semua lapisan masyarakat, dari nelayan hingga guru.\n\nTeater ini adalah pertunjukan stambul atau komedi yang menggabungkan musik, drama dan tari serta mengangkat kisah-kisah di lingkungan istana. Cerita-cerita yang sering diangkat adalah kisah tentang Hang Tuah Lima Bersaudara, Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang dan Laksamana Bintan.\n\nMenurut sejarah, teater ini dikembangkan oleh masyarakat Persia atau Parsi yang pindah ke India karena pertentangan ideologi di tanah airnya. Teater ini lalu berkembang di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, dan menyebar pula ke Indonesia, termasuk Riau, Bengkulu, Sumatera Selatan, dan Kalimantan Selatan, tetapi teater ini lebih lekat dengan kebudayaan Kepulauan Riau.\n\nHang Kafrawi, \"Akulturasi Teater Bangsawan\" , Sagang Online, 3 Mei 2010 Agus Setiyanto, Panggung Bangsawan Bengkulu, 12 Januari 2009\n\nKategori:Seni tradisional Kategori:Teater Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wayang Bangsawan atau Teater Bangsawan (Jawi: بڠساون) adalah teater rakyat tradisional yang hidup di Kepulauan Riau dan Kepulauan Lingga, Indonesia, serta berkembang pula di kawasan Malaysia dan Brunei Darussalam.","translated_text":"Wayang Bangsawan or Teater Bangsawan (Jawi: بڠساون) is a traditional folk theatre that lived in the Riau Islands and Lingga Islands, Indonesia, as well as developing in Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teater ini dapat dimainkan semua lapisan masyarakat, dari nelayan hingga guru.","translated_text":"This theater can be played by all walks of life, from fishermen to teachers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Teater ini adalah pertunjukan stambul atau komedi yang menggabungkan musik, drama dan tari serta mengangkat kisah-kisah di lingkungan istana.","translated_text":"The theatre is a stambulance or comedy show that combines music, drama and dance as well as raising stories in the palace environment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cerita-cerita yang sering diangkat adalah kisah tentang Hang Tuah Lima Bersaudara, Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang dan Laksamana Bintan.","translated_text":"Stories that are often raised are the stories of Hang Tuah Five Brothers, Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang and Admiral Bintan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut sejarah, teater ini dikembangkan oleh masyarakat Persia atau Parsi yang pindah ke India karena pertentangan ideologi di tanah airnya.","translated_text":"According to history, the theatre was developed by Persian or Persian people who moved to India due to ideological contradictions in their homeland.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teater ini lalu berkembang di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, dan menyebar pula ke Indonesia, termasuk Riau, Bengkulu, Sumatera Selatan, dan Kalimantan Selatan, tetapi teater ini lebih lekat dengan kebudayaan Kepulauan Riau.","translated_text":"The theater then developed in Penang, Malaysia, and spread to Indonesia, including Riau, Bengkulu, South Sumatra, and South Kalimantan, but the theater was more closely tied to the culture of the Riau Islands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hang Kafrawi, \"Akulturasi Teater Bangsawan\" , Sagang Online, 3 Mei 2010 Agus Setiyanto, Panggung Bangsawan Bengkulu, 12 Januari 2009","translated_text":"Hang Kafrawi, \"Akulturation of the Theatre of the Nobles\" , Sagang Online, 3 May 2010 Agus Setiyanto, Bengkulu Theatre of the Nobles, 12 January 2009","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135721/http://www.sagangonline.com/index.php?sg=full&id=439&kat=52 |date=2018-09-22 }}","char_index":44,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135721/http://www.sagangonline.com/index.php?sg=full&id=439&kat=52","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:34.188132-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Seni tradisional Kategori:Teater Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian theatre","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Hang Kafrawi, \"Akulturasi Teater Bangsawan\" , Sagang Online, 3 Mei 2010 Agus Setiyanto, Panggung Bangsawan Bengkulu, 12 Januari 2009","translated_text":"Hang Kafrawi, \"Akulturation of the Theatre of the Nobles\" , Sagang Online, 3 May 2010 Agus Setiyanto, Bengkulu Theatre of the Nobles, 12 January 2009","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135721/http://www.sagangonline.com/index.php?sg=full&id=439&kat=52 |date=2018-09-22 }}","char_index":44,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135721/http://www.sagangonline.com/index.php?sg=full&id=439&kat=52","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:34.188132-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Yerobeam bin Yoas","wikicode":"{{Otherpeople|Yerobeam}}\n[[Berkas:Jeroboam II.jpg|jmpl|200px|Jeroboam II from \"Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum \"]]\n\n'''Yerobeam bin Yoas''' ({{lang-he|ירבעם השני or יָרָבְעָם}}; {{lang-el|Ιεροβοάμ}}; {{lang-la|Jeroboam}}; oleh para sejarawan disebut '''Yeroboam II''') adalah raja [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)]] yang ke-14 (793-753 SM) dan raja ke-4 dari dinasti [[Yehu (raja Israel)|Yehu]] ({{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 14:23-29}}). Ayahnya adalah [[Yoas (raja Israel)]].<ref>[[2 Raja-raja 13:13]]</ref> Ia adalah seorang pemimpin yang cakap. Keruntuhan [[Damsyik]] dan [[Asyur]] digunakannya untuk mencari kesempatan menciptakan kembali luasnya [[kerajaan Utara]] seperti pada zaman [[Daud]]. Kericuhan kerajaan yang terjadi waktu itu dapatlah diselidiki dari ungkapan nabi [[Amos]] dan [[Hosea]].\n\n== Pemerintahan ==\nMenurut catatan [[Kitab 2 Raja-raja]] Yerobeam melakukan apa yang jahat di mata TUHAN. Ia tidak menjauh dari segala dosa [[Yerobeam bin Nebat]], yang mengakibatkan orang Israel berdosa pula. Ia mengembalikan daerah Israel, dari jalan masuk ke Hamat sampai ke Laut Araba sesuai dengan firman TUHAN, Allah Israel, yang telah diucapkan-Nya dengan perantaraan hamba-Nya, nabi [[Yunus]] bin Amitai dari Gat-Hefer. Sebab TUHAN telah melihat betapa pahitnya kesengsaraan orang Israel itu: sudah habis lenyap baik yang tinggi maupun yang rendah kedudukannya, dan tidak ada penolong bagi orang Israel. Tetapi TUHAN tidak mengatakan bahwa Ia akan menghapuskan nama Israel dari kolong langit; jadi Ia menolong mereka dengan perantaraan Yerobeam bin Yoas. Selebihnya dari riwayat Yerobeam dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kepahlawanannya, bagaimana ia berperang, dan bagaimana ia mengembalikan Damsyik dan Hamat -Yehuda ke dalam Israel, semuanya itu tertulis dalam kitab sejarah raja-raja Israel.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 14:24-28}}</ref>\n\n== Kematian ==\nYerobeam mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya, raja-raja Israel. Maka Zakharia, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.<ref>[[2 Raja-raja 14:29]], [[2 Raja-raja 15:8]]</ref>\n\n== Perhitungan waktu ==\n* Dalam tahun ke-15 zaman [[Amazia]] bin Yoas, raja Yehuda, Yerobeam bin Yoas menjadi [[Kerajaan Israel Utara|\"raja bersama\" Israel]] dengan ayahnya di Samaria pada bulan April [[793 SM]], kemudian menjadi raja sendirian (setelah ayahnya mati) mulai antara September 782 SM dan April 781 SM (\"[[782 SM]]\").{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc= no. 39}} Total dua periode itu ia memerintah 41 tahun lamanya ([[2 Raja-raja 14:23]]) sampai mati sesaat sebelum [[Tisyri]] ([[September]]) [[753 SM]].{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc= no. 39}}\n* Dalam tahun ke-38 zaman [[Uzia|Azarya, raja Yehuda]], Zakharia, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel di Samaria. Ia memerintah enam bulan lamanya.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 15:8}}</ref> Menurut McFall, Yerobeam kemungkinan meninggal antara bulan [[Elul]] (bulan ke-6; Augustus/September) dan bulan [[Tisyri]] (bulan ke-7; September/Oktober) 753 SM, dan putranya, [[Zakharia (raja Israel)|Zakharia]], segera naik tahta menggantikannya, yaitu masih pada tahun ke-38 pemerintahan [[Uzia|Azarya]], [[Kerajaan Yehuda|raja Yehuda]] yang berlangsung sampai akhir bulan Tishri 753 SM.{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 40}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Amazia]]\n* [[Yoas (raja Israel)]]\n* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[2 Raja-raja 13]][[2 Raja-raja 14|, 14]][[2 Raja-raja 15|, 15]]; [[Amos 1]][[Amos 7|, 7]]\n{{s-start}}\n{{s-hou|[[Yehu|Keturunan Yehu]]||||753 SM|<!--[[Suku Efraim]]-->?<br /><small>''memerintah sejaman dengan [[Kerajaan Yehuda|Raja Yehuda]]:''</small> [[Amazia]], [[Uzia|Azarya (=Uzia)]]||||}}\n{{s-reg|}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[Yoas (raja Israel)|Yoas]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=[[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)|Raja Israel]]|years=793-782 SM (bersama)<br>782-753 SM (sendirian)}}\n{{s-aft|after=[[Zakharia (raja Israel)|Zakharia]] }}\n{{end}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pustaka ==\n* {{citation | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | first = Leslie | last = McFall | title = Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles |journal = Bibliotheca Sacra |volume= 148 |year = 1991| page = 3-45 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rKrw27MI?url=http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | archivedate = 2010-07-19 | deadurl = yes | df =  }}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://alkitab.sabda.org/dictionary.php?word=Yerobeam Kamus Alkitab]\n\n{{Raja Israel}}\n\n[[Kategori:Raja Israel]]\n[[Kategori:Kitab 2 Raja-raja]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 753 SM]]","hash":"cdb262114258f9217c98dea34069e716e90922230e457722b4cec16d4683e95a","last_revision":"2022-11-13T17:01:21Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T12:47:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.474996","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"يربعام الثاني","arz":"يربعام التانى","br":"Yarovam II","ca":"Jeroboam II","cs":"Jarobeám II.","de":"Jerobeam II.","el":"Ιεροβοάμ Β΄","en":"Jeroboam II","es":"Jeroboam II","fi":"Jerobeam II","fr":"Jéroboam II","fy":"Jerobeäm II fan Israel","hak":"Yâ-lò-pô-ôn ngi-sṳ","he":"ירבעם השני","hu":"II. Jeroboám","it":"Geroboamo II","ja":"ヤロブアム2世","ko":"여로보암 2세","mg":"Jerôbôama II","nl":"Jerobeam II","nb":"Jeroboam II av Israel","pl":"Jeroboam II","pt":"Jeroboão II","ru":"Иеровоам II","sh":"Jeroboam II","sv":"Jerobeam II","sw":"Yeroboamu II","tl":"Jeroboam II","tr":"II. Yarovam","uk":"Єровоам II","zh":"耶羅波安二世","zh-yue":"耶羅波安二世"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Yerobeam bin Yoas (; ; ; oleh para sejarawan disebut Yeroboam II) adalah raja Kerajaan Israel (Samaria) yang ke-14 (793-753 SM) dan raja ke-4 dari dinasti Yehu (). Ayahnya adalah Yoas (raja Israel). Ia adalah seorang pemimpin yang cakap. Keruntuhan Damsyik dan Asyur digunakannya untuk mencari kesempatan menciptakan kembali luasnya kerajaan Utara seperti pada zaman Daud. Kericuhan kerajaan yang terjadi waktu itu dapatlah diselidiki dari ungkapan nabi Amos dan Hosea.\n\nMenurut catatan Kitab 2 Raja-raja Yerobeam melakukan apa yang jahat di mata TUHAN. Ia tidak menjauh dari segala dosa Yerobeam bin Nebat, yang mengakibatkan orang Israel berdosa pula. Ia mengembalikan daerah Israel, dari jalan masuk ke Hamat sampai ke Laut Araba sesuai dengan firman TUHAN, Allah Israel, yang telah diucapkan-Nya dengan perantaraan hamba-Nya, nabi Yunus bin Amitai dari Gat-Hefer. Sebab TUHAN telah melihat betapa pahitnya kesengsaraan orang Israel itu: sudah habis lenyap baik yang tinggi maupun yang rendah kedudukannya, dan tidak ada penolong bagi orang Israel. Tetapi TUHAN tidak mengatakan bahwa Ia akan menghapuskan nama Israel dari kolong langit; jadi Ia menolong mereka dengan perantaraan Yerobeam bin Yoas. Selebihnya dari riwayat Yerobeam dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kepahlawanannya, bagaimana ia berperang, dan bagaimana ia mengembalikan Damsyik dan Hamat -Yehuda ke dalam Israel, semuanya itu tertulis dalam kitab sejarah raja-raja Israel.\n\nYerobeam mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya, raja-raja Israel. Maka Zakharia, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.\n\nDalam tahun ke-15 zaman Amazia bin Yoas, raja Yehuda, Yerobeam bin Yoas menjadi \"raja bersama\" Israel dengan ayahnya di Samaria pada bulan April 793 SM, kemudian menjadi raja sendirian (setelah ayahnya mati) mulai antara September 782 SM dan April 781 SM (\"782 SM\"). Total dua periode itu ia memerintah 41 tahun lamanya (2 Raja-raja 14:23) sampai mati sesaat sebelum Tisyri (September) 753 SM. Dalam tahun ke-38 zaman Azarya, raja Yehuda, Zakharia, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel di Samaria. Ia memerintah enam bulan lamanya. Menurut McFall, Yerobeam kemungkinan meninggal antara bulan Elul (bulan ke-6; Augustus/September) dan bulan Tisyri (bulan ke-7; September/Oktober) 753 SM, dan putranya, Zakharia, segera naik tahta menggantikannya, yaitu masih pada tahun ke-38 pemerintahan Azarya, raja Yehuda yang berlangsung sampai akhir bulan Tishri 753 SM.\n\nAmazia Yoas (raja Israel) Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: 2 Raja-raja 13, 14, 15; Amos 1, 7\n\nKamus Alkitab\n\nKategori:Raja Israel Kategori:Kitab 2 Raja-raja Kategori:Kematian 753 SM\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yerobeam bin Yoas (; ; ; oleh para sejarawan disebut Yeroboam II) adalah raja Kerajaan Israel (Samaria) yang ke-14 (793-753 SM) dan raja ke-4 dari dinasti Yehu ().","translated_text":"Jeroboam the son of Joash (; ; referred to by historians as Jeroboam II) was the 14th king of the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) (793-753 BC) and the 4th king of the dynasty of Jehu ().","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayahnya adalah Yoas (raja Israel).","translated_text":"His father was Jehoash (king of Israel).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[[2 Raja-raja 13:13]]</ref>","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah seorang pemimpin yang cakap.","translated_text":"He's a good leader.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keruntuhan Damsyik dan Asyur digunakannya untuk mencari kesempatan menciptakan kembali luasnya kerajaan Utara seperti pada zaman Daud.","translated_text":"He used the collapse of Damascus and Assyria to look for opportunities to recreate the vastness of the northern kingdom as it did in David's day.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kericuhan kerajaan yang terjadi waktu itu dapatlah diselidiki dari ungkapan nabi Amos dan Hosea.","translated_text":"The decline of the kingdom at that time can be examined in the words of the prophets Amos and Hosea.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemerintahan","translated_text":"Governance","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut catatan Kitab 2 Raja-raja Yerobeam melakukan apa yang jahat di mata TUHAN.","translated_text":"And Jeroboam did evil in the sight of Jehovah, according to the account of the second book of the kings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tidak menjauh dari segala dosa Yerobeam bin Nebat, yang mengakibatkan orang Israel berdosa pula.","translated_text":"And he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which caused Israel to sin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengembalikan daerah Israel, dari jalan masuk ke Hamat sampai ke Laut Araba sesuai dengan firman TUHAN, Allah Israel, yang telah diucapkan-Nya dengan perantaraan hamba-Nya, nabi Yunus bin Amitai dari Gat-Hefer.","translated_text":"And he restored the border of Israel from the entrance of Hamath to the sea of the plain, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel, which he spoke by his servant Jonah the prophet, the son of Amitai, of Gath-hepher.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebab TUHAN telah melihat betapa pahitnya kesengsaraan orang Israel itu: sudah habis lenyap baik yang tinggi maupun yang rendah kedudukannya, dan tidak ada penolong bagi orang Israel.","translated_text":"For Jehovah hath seen the affliction of Israel, that it is bitter; and there is none to help Israel, neither high nor low.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi TUHAN tidak mengatakan bahwa Ia akan menghapuskan nama Israel dari kolong langit; jadi Ia menolong mereka dengan perantaraan Yerobeam bin Yoas.","translated_text":"But Jehovah had not said that he would blot out the name of Israel from the firmament of the heavens; and he helped them by the hand of Jeroboam the son of Joash.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selebihnya dari riwayat Yerobeam dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kepahlawanannya, bagaimana ia berperang, dan bagaimana ia mengembalikan Damsyik dan Hamat -Yehuda ke dalam Israel, semuanya itu tertulis dalam kitab sejarah raja-raja Israel.","translated_text":"And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, and how he fought, and how he restored Damascus and Hamath to Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 14:24-28}}</ref>","char_index":240,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kematian","translated_text":"The Death","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yerobeam mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya, raja-raja Israel.","translated_text":"And Jeroboam dwelt with the kings of Israel, his fathers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka Zakharia, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.","translated_text":"And his son Zechariah reigned in his stead.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[[2 Raja-raja 14:29]], [[2 Raja-raja 15:8]]</ref>","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perhitungan waktu","translated_text":"Calculation of time","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam tahun ke-15 zaman Amazia bin Yoas, raja Yehuda, Yerobeam bin Yoas menjadi \"raja bersama\" Israel dengan ayahnya di Samaria pada bulan April 793 SM, kemudian menjadi raja sendirian (setelah ayahnya mati) mulai antara September 782 SM dan April 781 SM (\"782 SM\").","translated_text":"In the 15th year of the reign of Amaziah the son of Jehoash, king of Judah, Jeroboam the son of Jehoash became \"joint king\" of Israel with his father in Samaria in April 793 B.C.E., then became king alone (after his father's death) beginning between September 782 B.C.E. and April 781 B.C.E. (\"782 B.C\".).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Total dua periode itu ia memerintah 41 tahun lamanya (2 Raja-raja 14:23) sampai mati sesaat sebelum Tisyri (September) 753 SM.","translated_text":"In total, he ruled for 41 years (2 Kings 14:23) until his death shortly before Tishri (September) 753 B.C.E.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam tahun ke-38 zaman Azarya, raja Yehuda, Zakharia, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel di Samaria.","translated_text":"In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah, Zechariah the son of Jeroboam began to reign over Israel in Samaria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia memerintah enam bulan lamanya.","translated_text":"He ruled for six months.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 15:8}}</ref>","char_index":33,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut McFall, Yerobeam kemungkinan meninggal antara bulan Elul (bulan ke-6; Augustus/September) dan bulan Tisyri (bulan ke-7; September/Oktober) 753 SM, dan putranya, Zakharia, segera naik tahta menggantikannya, yaitu masih pada tahun ke-38 pemerintahan Azarya, raja Yehuda yang berlangsung sampai akhir bulan Tishri 753 SM.","translated_text":"According to McFall, Jeroboam likely died between the months of Elul (6th month; August/September) and Tishri (7th month; September/October) 753 B.C.E., and his son, Zechariah, soon ascended the throne in his place, that is, still in the 38th year of the reign of Azariah, king of Judah which lasted until the end of Tishri 753 B.C.E.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Amazia Yoas (raja Israel) Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: 2 Raja-raja 13, 14, 15;","translated_text":"Amaziah Jehoash (king of Israel) Related parts of the Bible: 2 Kings 13, 14, 15;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Amos 1, 7","translated_text":"Amos 1, 7","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pustaka","translated_text":"The library","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kamus Alkitab","translated_text":"A dictionary of the Bible","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Raja Israel Kategori:Kitab 2 Raja-raja Kategori:Kematian 753 SM","translated_text":"Category:Kings of Israel Category:Book 2 of the Kings Category:Death in 753 BC","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Yerobeam bin Yoas (; ; ; oleh para sejarawan disebut Yeroboam II) adalah raja Kerajaan Israel (Samaria) yang ke-14 (793-753 SM) dan raja ke-4 dari dinasti Yehu (). Ayahnya adalah Yoas (raja Israel).","translated_text":"Jeroboam the son of Joash (; ; referred to by historians as Jeroboam II) was the 14th king of the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) (793-753 BC) and the 4th king of the dynasty of Jehu (). His father was Jehoash (king of Israel).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[[2 Raja-raja 13:13]]</ref>","char_index":198,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebab TUHAN telah melihat betapa pahitnya kesengsaraan orang Israel itu: sudah habis lenyap baik yang tinggi maupun yang rendah kedudukannya, dan tidak ada penolong bagi orang Israel. Tetapi TUHAN tidak mengatakan bahwa Ia akan menghapuskan nama Israel dari kolong langit; jadi Ia menolong mereka dengan perantaraan Yerobeam bin Yoas. Selebihnya dari riwayat Yerobeam dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kepahlawanannya, bagaimana ia berperang, dan bagaimana ia mengembalikan Damsyik dan Hamat -Yehuda ke dalam Israel, semuanya itu tertulis dalam kitab sejarah raja-raja Israel.","translated_text":"For Jehovah hath seen the affliction of Israel, that it is bitter; and there is none to help Israel, neither high nor low. But Jehovah had not said that he would blot out the name of Israel from the firmament of the heavens; and he helped them by the hand of Jeroboam the son of Joash. And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, and how he fought, and how he restored Damascus and Hamath to Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 14:24-28}}</ref>","char_index":575,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yerobeam mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya, raja-raja Israel. Maka Zakharia, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.","translated_text":"And Jeroboam dwelt with the kings of Israel, his fathers. And his son Zechariah reigned in his stead.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[[2 Raja-raja 14:29]], [[2 Raja-raja 15:8]]</ref>","char_index":138,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Total dua periode itu ia memerintah 41 tahun lamanya (2 Raja-raja 14:23) sampai mati sesaat sebelum Tisyri (September) 753 SM. Dalam tahun ke-38 zaman Azarya, raja Yehuda, Zakharia, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel di Samaria. Ia memerintah enam bulan lamanya.","translated_text":"In total, he ruled for 41 years (2 Kings 14:23) until his death shortly before Tishri (September) 753 B.C.E. In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah, Zechariah the son of Jeroboam began to reign over Israel in Samaria. He ruled for six months.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 15:8}}</ref>","char_index":267,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Yosafat","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Monegro-Josapfat-Ezechias.jpg|jmpl|Patung Yosafat dan Hizkia pada biara El Escorial.]]\n'''Yosafat''' (juga dieja '''Yehosafat'''; {{Hebrew Name|יְהוֹשָׁפָט|Yehoshafat|Yəhôšāp̄āṭ|\" [[Yahweh]] adalah hakim\"}}; {{lang-el|Ιωσαφατ}}; {{lang-la|Josaphat}}; {{lang-en|Jehoshaphat}}, ''Jehosaphat'', ''Josaphat'', ''Yehoshafat'') adalah putra raja [[Asa (raja Yehuda)|Asa]]<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:24}}</ref> dan merupakan [[Kerajaan Yehuda|raja Yehuda]] yang ke-4 (873-848 SM) setelah [[Kerajaan Israel Bersatu|Kerajaan Israel]] terpecah. Menurut catatan [[Alkitab]], Yosafat berumur 35 tahun pada waktu ia menjadi raja dan 25 tahun lamanya ia memerintah di Yerusalem. Nama ibunya ialah Azuba, anak Silhi ({{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:41-51}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1-20:37}}).\n\n== Catatan Alkitab ==\n=== Diberkati TUHAN ===\nPemerintahan Yosafat umumnya berlangsung dengan baik. [[Kitab Tawarikh]] mencatat bahwa TUHAN menyertai Yosafat, karena ia hidup mengikuti jejak yang dahulu dari Daud, bapa leluhurnya, dan tidak mencari Baal-baal, melainkan mencari Allah ayahnya. Ia hidup menurut perintah-perintah-Nya dan tidak berbuat seperti Israel (Utara). Oleh sebab itu TUHAN mengokohkan kerajaan yang ada di bawah kekuasaannya. Seluruh Yehuda memberikan persembahan kepada Yosafat, sehingga ia menjadi kaya dan sangat terhormat. Dengan tabah hati ia hidup menurut jalan yang ditunjukkan TUHAN. Pula ia menjauhkan dari Yehuda segala bukit pengorbanan dan tiang berhala,<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:3-6}}</ref> meskipun masih ada orang-orang yang mempersembahkan dan membakar korban di bukit-bukit pengorbanan itu.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:44}}</ref> Namun, sisa pelacuran bakti yang masih tinggal dalam zaman Asa, ayahnya, dihapuskannya dari negeri itu.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:47}}</ref> Yosafat mengadakan kunjungan pula ke daerah-daerah, dari Bersyeba sampai ke pegunungan Efraim, sambil menyuruh rakyat berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:4}}</ref>\n\n=== Pengokohan Kerajaan ===\nDi awal pemerintahannya, ia memperkuat kerajaannya dengan menempatkan tentara di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda dan pasukan-pasukan pendudukan di tanah Yehuda serta di kota-kota Efraim yang direbut oleh Asa, ayahnya.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1-2}}</ref>\n* Pada tahun ketiga pemerintahannya ia mengutus beberapa pembesarnya, yakni Benhail, Obaja, Zakharia, Netaneel dan Mikha untuk mengajar di kota-kota Yehuda. Bersama-sama mereka turut juga beberapa orang Lewi, yakni Semaya, Netanya, Zebaja, Asael, Semiramot, Yonatan, Adonia, Tobia dan Tob-Adonia disertai imam-imam Elisama dan Yoram. Mereka memberikan pelajaran di Yehuda dengan membawa kitab Taurat TUHAN. Mereka mengelilingi semua kota di Yehuda sambil mengajar rakyat.<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9}}</ref>\n* Ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa semua kerajaan di negeri-negeri sekeliling Yehuda, sehingga mereka tidak berani berperang melawan Yosafat. Dari antara orang-orang [[Filistin]] ada yang membawa kepada Yosafat persembahan, dan perak sebagai upeti. Juga orang-orang [[Arab]] membawa kepadanya kambing domba, domba jantan 7.700 ekor dan kambing jantan 7.700 ekor.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:10-11}}</ref>\n* Di Yehuda ia membangun benteng-benteng dan banyak kota-kota perbekalan.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:12-13}}</ref>\n* Tentaranya tercatat sebagai berikut:\n** Dari suku Yehuda, panglima Adna: 300.000 tentara, panglima Yohanan: 280.000 tentara, Amasia bin Zikhri (yang dengan sukarela telah menyerahkan dirinya kepada TUHAN): 200.000 tentara.\n** Dari suku Benyamin, Elyada: 200.000 orang yang bersenjatakan busur dan perisai, Yozabad: 180.000 orang yang bersenjata untuk berperang.\nMereka ditempatkan di Yerusalem dan di kota-kota yang berkubu di seluruh Yehuda.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:13-19}}</ref>\n* Yosafat mengangkat juga hakim-hakim di seluruh negeri, yakni di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda, di tiap-tiap kota. Kepada mereka ia berpesan agar memutuskan hukum, bukan untuk manusia, melainkan untuk TUHAN, dengan rasa takut kepada TUHAN, untuk bertindak dengan saksama, tidak berlaku curang, memihak ataupun menerima suap. Di Yerusalem Yosafat mengangkat beberapa orang dari antara orang Lewi, dari antara para imam dan dari antara para kepala puak Israel untuk memberi keputusan dalam hal hukum TUHAN dan dalam hal perselisihan. Mereka berkedudukan di Yerusalem. Imam kepala Amarya diangkat sebagai ketua dalam segala perkara ketuhanan dan Zebaja bin Ismael, pemuka kaum Yehuda, dalam segala perkara kerajaan, sedang orang Lewi akan melayani sebagai pengatur.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:5-11}}</ref>\n* Dengan perkawinan puteranya yang bernama [[Yoram (raja Yehuda)|Yoram]] dengan puteri [[Kerajaan Utara|raja Israel]], anak [[Ahab]]<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3}}</ref> yang bernama [[Atalya]],<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:2}}</ref> maka Yosafat meneguhkan perdamaian dan persahabatan antara kedua kerajaan.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 18:1}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:45}}</ref>\n\n=== Perang dengan Aram ===\n* Setelah 3 tahun masa damai antara [[Kerajaan Israel Utara]] dan [[Aram]], pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahannya, Yosafat ikut-serta ambil-bagian dalam perang yang dilakukan [[Ahab]] melawan orang-orang [[Aram]] untuk merebut Ramot-Gilead. Mereka berangkat dari [[Samaria]], ibu kota [[Kerajaan Israel Utara]]. Sebelum perang, Yosafat ingin minta petunjuk TUHAN ([[YHWH]]). Ahab mengumpulkan 400 orang nabi yang semuanya menyatakan bahwa Allah akan memberikan kemenangan. Satu di antara mereka, Zedekia bin Kenaana, secara demonstratif membuat tanduk-tanduk besi, lalu berkata: \"Beginilah firman TUHAN: Dengan ini engkau akan menanduk Aram sampai engkau menghabiskan mereka.\" Tetapi Yosafat masih ingin mendengar petunjuk dari nabi [[YHWH]]. Ahab enggan memanggil orang ini, Mikha bin Yimla, karena Ahab membencinya, sebab nabi itu tidak pernah menubuatkan yang baik tentang Ahab, melainkan selalu malapetaka. Nabi Mikha bin Yimla memberi [[nubuat]] bahwa Ahab akan mati dalam pertempuran itu. Zedekia bin Kenaana menampar pipi Mikha, tetapi Mikha memberi nubuat bahwa suatu hari Zedekia bin Kenaana akan lari dari satu kamar ke kamar yang lain untuk menyembunyikan diri. Raja Ahab menjadi marah dan memerintahkan Mikha dimasukkan penjara di bawah penjagaan Amon, penguasa kota, dan Yoas, anak raja, sambil diberi makan roti dan minum air serba sedikit sampai raja Ahab pulang dengan selamat. Dengan peringatan itu, Ahab masuk pertempuran dengan menyamar sebagai prajurit, sedangkan Yosafat maju dengan pakaian kebesarannya. Raja Aram telah memesan tentaranya untuk berperang hanya dengan raja Israel (Ahab) saja, bukan dengan Yosafat. Jadi ketika dalam perang itu tentara Aram sempat mengepung Yosafat dan melihat bahwa ia bukan Ahab, mereka undur daripadanya. Tetapi seseorang menarik panahnya dan menembak dengan sembarangan saja, dan mengenai raja Israel di antara sambungan baju zirahnya. Kemudian Ahab berkata kepada pengemudi keretanya: \"Putar! Bawa aku keluar dari pertempuran, sebab aku sudah luka.\" Tetapi pertempuran itu bertambah seru pada hari itu, dan raja tetap ditopang berdiri di dalam kereta berhadapan dengan orang Aram itu, sampai ia mati pada waktu matahari terbenam.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 18:2-34}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:1-40}}</ref> Dengan itu semua orang pulang ke rumahnya dan perang berakhir tanpa membawa hasil. Karena persahabatan dengan raja Ahab yang fasik itu, TUHAN menegur Yosafat melalui nabi Yehu bin Hanani.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:1-3}}</ref>\n\n=== Perang dengan Moab dan Amon ===\nSetelah itu, mungkin karena mendengar berita kekalahan perang dari Aram, bani Moab dan bani Amon datang berperang melawan Yosafat bersama-sama sepasukan orang Meunim. Mereka menyerang dari seberang Laut Asin, dari Edom, dan berkumpul di Hazezon-Tamar, yakni En-Gedi. Yosafat menjadi takut, lalu mengambil keputusan untuk mencari pertolongan TUHAN. Ia menyerukan kepada seluruh Yehuda supaya berpuasa. Yahaziel bin Zakharia bin Benaya bin Matanya, seorang Lewi dari bani Asaf, dihinggapi Roh TUHAN di tengah-tengah jemaah, mengatakan: \"Janganlah kamu takut dan terkejut karena laskar yang besar ini, sebab '''bukan kamu yang akan berperang melainkan Allah'''.\" Tentara Yehuda disuruh turun menyerang saat tentara musuh mendaki pendakian Zis, yaitu di ujung lembah, di muka padang gurun Yeruel, tetapi tidak usah bertempur. Malahan Yosafat mengangkat orang-orang yang akan menyanyi nyanyian untuk TUHAN dan memuji TUHAN dalam pakaian kudus yang semarak pada waktu mereka keluar di muka orang-orang bersenjata. Ketika pasukan Yehuda mulai bersorak-sorai dan menyanyikan nyanyian pujian, orang-orang Moab dan Amon malah membinasakan penduduk Seir (Edom), dan kemudian mereka saling bunuh-membunuh. Ketika tentara Yehuda tiba di tempat peninjauan di padang gurun, mereka menengok ke tempat laskar itu. Tampaklah semua telah menjadi bangkai berhantaran di tanah, tidak ada yang terluput. Lalu Yosafat dan orang-orangnya turun untuk menjarah barang-barang mereka. Mereka menemukan banyak ternak, harta milik, pakaian dan barang-barang berharga. Yang mereka rampas itu lebih banyak daripada yang dapat dibawa. Tiga hari lamanya mereka menjarah barang-barang itu, karena begitu banyaknya. Pada hari keempat mereka berkumpul memuji TUHAN di tempat yang kemudian dinamakan Lembah Pujian, karena peristiwa tersebut.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:1-30}}</ref>\n\n=== Pembuatan Kapal Dagang ===\nYosafat melakukan usaha yang gagal untuk membuka kembali pelayaran Salomo dalam mengadakan perdagangan dengan Ofir. Yosafat membuat kapal-kapal Tarsis untuk pergi ke Ofir mengambil emas, tetapi kapal-kapal itu tidak jadi pergi ke sana, sebab kapal-kapal itu pecah di Ezion-Geber, tempat pembuatannya. Kegagalan ini dianggap karena raja Yosafat bersepakat untuk bekerjasama dengan raja [[Ahazia (raja Israel)|Ahazia]] anak Ahab, yang fasik, meskipun kemudian Yosafat menolaknya.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:48-49}}</ref> Hal ini sesuai dengan [[nubuat]] Eliezer bin Dodawa dari Maresa.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:35-37}}</ref>\n\n=== Perang menyerang Moab ===\n[[Berkas:Louvre 042010 01.jpg|jmpl|Prasasti ''Mesha Stele'' dari Moab (840 SM) yang mencatat pemberontakan Moab atas Israel dan mengandung nama YHWH]]\n[[Mesa]], raja [[Moab]], adalah seorang peternak domba; sebagai upeti ia membayar kepada raja Israel seratus ribu anak domba dan bulu dari seratus ribu domba jantan. Sesudah Ahab mati, memberontaklah Mesa terhadap raja Israel. Ahazia hanya memerintah dalam waktu pendek, maka Yoram, saudara-laki-lakinya yang menggantikan menjadi raja, mengambil tindakan untuk memerangi Moab. Ia mengajak Yosafat untuk membantu dan Yosafat bersedia. Dengan dibantu raja Edom, mereka berbaris menuju Moab, tetapi di padang gurun mereka tidak mempunyai air. Melalui nabi [[Elisa]], TUHAN berkenan mendatangkan air dari Edom, karena raja Yosafat ada bersama mereka. Pasukan itu berhasil memukul kalah orang-orang Moab, meruntuhkan kota-kota dan menutupi setiap ladang yang baik dengan batu, karena setiap orang melemparkan batu ke atasnya. Mereka menutup segala mata air dan menumbangkan segala pohon yang baik, sampai hanya Kir-Hareset saja yang ditinggalkan, tetapi kota ini ditembaki oleh orang-orang pengumban dari segala penjuru. Ketika raja Moab melihat, bahwa peperangan itu terlalu berat baginya, diambilnyalah tujuh ratus orang pemegang pedang bersama-sama dia untuk menerobos ke jurusan raja Edom, tetapi tidak berhasil. Kemudian ia mengambil anaknya yang sulung yang akan menjadi raja menggantikan dia, lalu mempersembahkannya sebagai korban bakaran di atas pagar tembok. Tetapi kegusaran (atau ketakutan) besar menimpa orang Israel, sehingga mereka berangkat meninggalkan dia dan pulang ke negeri mereka.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 3:4-27}}</ref> Beberapa tahun kemudian, setelah Yosafat mati, Mesa berhasil melepaskan diri dari Israel dan menuliskan kemenangannya pada \"[[Prasasti Mesa]]\".<ref>http://theosophical.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/biblical-archaeology-4-the-moabite-stone-a-k-a-mesha-stele/</ref>\n\n=== Keturunan ===\nDengan matinya Ahab dan Ahazia dari Kerajaan Israel Utara, dan bertahtanya raja Yoram yang merupakan saudara laki-laki, Atalya, menantu perempuannya, raja Yosafat secara ''de facto'' disebut '''raja Israel'''. Anak-anak Yosafat adalah Yoram, Azarya, Yehiel, Zakharia, Azariahu, Mikhael dan Sefaca. Yosafat memberikan kepada mereka banyak pemberian, berupa emas dan perak dan barang-barang berharga, juga kota-kota berkubu di Yehuda, tetapi kedudukan raja diberikannya kepada Yoram, karena dialah anak sulungnya.<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3\"/>\n\n== Perhitungan waktu ==\n[[William F. Albright]] menulis masa pemerintahannya 873-849 SM, sementara menurut kronologi [[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele]] adalah 873-848 SM, dimana sampai tahun 870 SM ia menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan [[Asa (raja Yehuda)|Asa]], ayahnya, yang selama itu menderita sakit parah di bagian kakinya.<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 17, 19}}\n\nMenurut kronologi Thiele, Yosafat diangkat menjadi raja bersama dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM dan ketika ayahnya mati, ia menjadi raja sendirian pada tahun ke-4 pemerintahan raja [[Ahab]] ([[1 Raja-raja 22:41]]) pada tahun 870 SM dan mati pada tahun 848 SM setelah menjadi raja 25 tahun lamanya (sejak menjadi \"raja bersama\").{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 17, 19}} Pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahan tunggalnya ([[853 SM]]), raja Ahab dari [[Kerajaan Israel Utara]] mati, digantikan oleh [[Ahazia (raja Israel)|Ahazia]]. Pada saat yang hampir bersamaan, Yosafat mulai mengangkat anaknya, [[Yoram (raja Yehuda)|Yoram]], menjadi raja bersama-sama dengan dia sebagai persiapan pergantian tahta.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 1:17}}</ref> Hampir 2 tahun kemudian, Ahazia, raja Israel, meninggal tanpa meninggalkan putra, sehingga digantikan oleh saudara laki-lakinya yang juga bernama [[Yoram (raja Israel)|Yoram]] ([[852 SM]]). Yosafat mati 4 tahun kemudian dan [[Yoram (raja Yehuda)|Yoram]], anak sulungnya, menjadi raja sendirian atas [[Kerajaan Yehuda]].\n\n=== Menurut tahun Kerajaan Yehuda ===\nMenurut perhitungan waktu pemerintahan raja [[Asa (raja Yehuda)|Asa]], maka tahun-tahun kehidupan Yosafat dapat dihitung sejak berdirinya Kerajaan Yehuda (mulai dari pecahnya Kerajaan Israel pada tahun [[931 SM]]).\n* Tahun ke-24 (tahun ke-3 Asa): Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa.<ref name=\"1Raj22_42\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-49 (tahun ke-28 Asa, Yosafat 25 tahun): [[Yoram (raja Yehuda)|Yoram]], putra sulung Yosafat, dilahirkan.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:17}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:3,5}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-59 (tahun ke-38 Asa, tahun ke-1 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahab): Yosafat (35 tahun) menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan Asa, ayahnya. (873 SM).{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 17}}\n* Tahun ke-62 (tahun ke-41 Asa, tahun ke-3 Yosafat, tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan Yosafat menggantikannya menjadi raja.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:13}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1}}</ref> (September 870 SM - April 869 SM)<ref name=thiele/>{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 18, 19}}\n** Yosafat memerintahkan pengajaran Taurat Tuhan bagi rakyat di [[kerajaan Yehuda]].<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9\"/>\n* Tahun ke-67 (tahun ke-8 Yosafat, Yoram 18 tahun): [[Ahazia (raja Yehuda)|Ahazia]], putra bungsu Yoram bin Yosafat dilahirkan<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:25}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:1}}</ref> oleh [[Atalya]], putri [[Ahab]] bin [[Omri]], bagi Yoram.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:26}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:2}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-76 (tahun ke-17 Yosafat, tahun ke-21 Ahab): Ahab mati dan [[Ahazia (raja Israel)|Ahazia]] putranya menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:52}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-77 (tahun ke-18 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahazia raja Israel): Ahazia raja Israel mati dan saudara laki-lakinya, [[Yoram (raja Israel)|Yoram]], anak Ahab, menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 3:1}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-82 (tahun ke-23 Yosafat, tahun ke-5 Yoram raja Israel): Yoram anak Yosafat menjadi raja bersama ayahnya atas Kerajaan Yehuda.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:16}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-84 (tahun ke-25 Yosafat, tahun ke-7 Yoram raja Israel, tahun ke-3 Yoram raja Yehuda): Yosafat mati dalam usia 60 tahun, pada saat Yoram putranya sudah menjabat sebagai raja Yehuda.<ref name=\"1Raj22_42\"/> (April - September 848 SM)<ref name=thiele/>\n\n{{s-start}}\n{{s-hou|[[Keturunan Daud]]||||848 SM|[[Suku Yehuda]]<br /><small>''memerintah sejaman dengan [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)|Raja Israel]]:''</small>[[Ahab]], [[Ahazia (raja Israel)|Ahazia]], [[Yoram (raja Israel)|Yoram]] ||||}}\n{{s-reg|}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[Asa (raja Yehuda)|Asa]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=[[Kerajaan Yehuda#Raja Yehuda|Raja Yehuda]]|years=873-848 SM}}\n{{s-aft|after=[[Yoram (raja Yehuda)|Yoram]]}}\n{{end}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Asa (raja Yehuda)|Asa]]\n* [[Ahab]]\n* [[Ahazia (raja Israel)]]\n* [[Kerajaan Yehuda]]\n* [[Yoram (raja Israel)]]\n* [[Yoram (raja Yehuda)]]\n* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[1 Raja-raja 15]][[1 Raja-raja 22|, 22]], [[2 Raja-raja 3]][[2 Raja-raja 8|, 8]], [[2 Tawarikh 16]][[2 Tawarikh 17|, 17]][[2 Tawarikh 18|, 18]][[2 Tawarikh 19|, 19]][[2 Tawarikh 20|, 20]][[2 Tawarikh 21|, 21]].\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n== Pustaka ==\n* {{citation | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | first = Leslie | last = McFall | title = Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles |journal = Bibliotheca Sacra |volume= 148 |year = 1991| page = 3-45 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rKrw27MI?url=http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | archivedate = 2010-07-19 | deadurl = yes | df =  }}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://alkitab.sabda.org/dictionary.php?word=Yosafat Kamus Alkitab]\n\n{{Daud hingga Yesus}}\n{{Raja Israel}}\n\n[[Kategori:Raja Yehuda]]\n[[Kategori:Kitab 1 Raja-raja]]\n[[Kategori:Kitab 2 Raja-raja]]\n[[Kategori:Kitab 2 Tawarikh]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 848 SM]]","hash":"3d4743177f9fe7f618d6a0e47368b35836ca2c509beb6aa142b16261e326ec9f","last_revision":"2020-07-20T08:54:27Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T12:57:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.529799","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Josafat","ar":"يهوشافاط","arz":"يهوشافاط","azb":"یهوشافاط","be":"Іасафат (цар іўдзейскі)","br":"Yehoshafat","ca":"Josafat","cs":"Jóšafat","de":"Joschafat (Juda)","el":"Ιωσαφάτ","en":"Jehoshaphat","eo":"Jehoŝafat","es":"Josafat de Judá","eu":"Josafat Judakoa","fa":"یهوشافاط","fi":"Josafat","fr":"Josaphat (Juda)","fy":"Josjafat fan Juda","hak":"Yok-sâ-fap-vòng","he":"יהושפט","hu":"Jósafát júdai király","it":"Giosafat","ja":"ヨシャファト","ko":"여호사밧","mg":"Jôsafata","nl":"Josafat","nb":"Josjafat av Juda","pl":"Jozafat (król Judy)","pt":"Jeosafá","ro":"Iosafat","ru":"Иосафат","sco":"Jehoshaphat","sh":"Jozafat","sr":"Јосафат","sv":"Josafat","sw":"Yehoshafati","th":"เยโฮชาฟัท","tl":"Josafat","tr":"Yehoşafat","uk":"Йосафат (цар Юдеї)","ur":"یہوسفط","war":"Josafat","yi":"יהושפט","zh":"約沙法","zh-yue":"約沙法"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Yosafat (juga dieja Yehosafat; ; ; ; , Jehosaphat, Josaphat, Yehoshafat) adalah putra raja Asa dan merupakan raja Yehuda yang ke-4 (873-848 SM) setelah Kerajaan Israel terpecah. Menurut catatan Alkitab, Yosafat berumur 35 tahun pada waktu ia menjadi raja dan 25 tahun lamanya ia memerintah di Yerusalem. Nama ibunya ialah Azuba, anak Silhi (; ).\n\nPemerintahan Yosafat umumnya berlangsung dengan baik. Kitab Tawarikh mencatat bahwa TUHAN menyertai Yosafat, karena ia hidup mengikuti jejak yang dahulu dari Daud, bapa leluhurnya, dan tidak mencari Baal-baal, melainkan mencari Allah ayahnya. Ia hidup menurut perintah-perintah-Nya dan tidak berbuat seperti Israel (Utara). Oleh sebab itu TUHAN mengokohkan kerajaan yang ada di bawah kekuasaannya. Seluruh Yehuda memberikan persembahan kepada Yosafat, sehingga ia menjadi kaya dan sangat terhormat. Dengan tabah hati ia hidup menurut jalan yang ditunjukkan TUHAN. Pula ia menjauhkan dari Yehuda segala bukit pengorbanan dan tiang berhala, meskipun masih ada orang-orang yang mempersembahkan dan membakar korban di bukit-bukit pengorbanan itu. Namun, sisa pelacuran bakti yang masih tinggal dalam zaman Asa, ayahnya, dihapuskannya dari negeri itu. Yosafat mengadakan kunjungan pula ke daerah-daerah, dari Bersyeba sampai ke pegunungan Efraim, sambil menyuruh rakyat berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka.\n\nDi awal pemerintahannya, ia memperkuat kerajaannya dengan menempatkan tentara di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda dan pasukan-pasukan pendudukan di tanah Yehuda serta di kota-kota Efraim yang direbut oleh Asa, ayahnya. Pada tahun ketiga pemerintahannya ia mengutus beberapa pembesarnya, yakni Benhail, Obaja, Zakharia, Netaneel dan Mikha untuk mengajar di kota-kota Yehuda. Bersama-sama mereka turut juga beberapa orang Lewi, yakni Semaya, Netanya, Zebaja, Asael, Semiramot, Yonatan, Adonia, Tobia dan Tob-Adonia disertai imam-imam Elisama dan Yoram. Mereka memberikan pelajaran di Yehuda dengan membawa kitab Taurat TUHAN. Mereka mengelilingi semua kota di Yehuda sambil mengajar rakyat. Ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa semua kerajaan di negeri-negeri sekeliling Yehuda, sehingga mereka tidak berani berperang melawan Yosafat. Dari antara orang-orang Filistin ada yang membawa kepada Yosafat persembahan, dan perak sebagai upeti. Juga orang-orang Arab membawa kepadanya kambing domba, domba jantan 7.700 ekor dan kambing jantan 7.700 ekor. Di Yehuda ia membangun benteng-benteng dan banyak kota-kota perbekalan. Tentaranya tercatat sebagai berikut: Dari suku Yehuda, panglima Adna: 300.000 tentara, panglima Yohanan: 280.000 tentara, Amasia bin Zikhri (yang dengan sukarela telah menyerahkan dirinya kepada TUHAN): 200.000 tentara. Dari suku Benyamin, Elyada: 200.000 orang yang bersenjatakan busur dan perisai, Yozabad: 180.000 orang yang bersenjata untuk berperang. Mereka ditempatkan di Yerusalem dan di kota-kota yang berkubu di seluruh Yehuda. Yosafat mengangkat juga hakim-hakim di seluruh negeri, yakni di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda, di tiap-tiap kota. Kepada mereka ia berpesan agar memutuskan hukum, bukan untuk manusia, melainkan untuk TUHAN, dengan rasa takut kepada TUHAN, untuk bertindak dengan saksama, tidak berlaku curang, memihak ataupun menerima suap. Di Yerusalem Yosafat mengangkat beberapa orang dari antara orang Lewi, dari antara para imam dan dari antara para kepala puak Israel untuk memberi keputusan dalam hal hukum TUHAN dan dalam hal perselisihan. Mereka berkedudukan di Yerusalem. Imam kepala Amarya diangkat sebagai ketua dalam segala perkara ketuhanan dan Zebaja bin Ismael, pemuka kaum Yehuda, dalam segala perkara kerajaan, sedang orang Lewi akan melayani sebagai pengatur. Dengan perkawinan puteranya yang bernama Yoram dengan puteri raja Israel, anak Ahab yang bernama Atalya, maka Yosafat meneguhkan perdamaian dan persahabatan antara kedua kerajaan.\n\nSetelah 3 tahun masa damai antara Kerajaan Israel Utara dan Aram, pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahannya, Yosafat ikut-serta ambil-bagian dalam perang yang dilakukan Ahab melawan orang-orang Aram untuk merebut Ramot-Gilead. Mereka berangkat dari Samaria, ibu kota Kerajaan Israel Utara. Sebelum perang, Yosafat ingin minta petunjuk TUHAN (YHWH). Ahab mengumpulkan 400 orang nabi yang semuanya menyatakan bahwa Allah akan memberikan kemenangan. Satu di antara mereka, Zedekia bin Kenaana, secara demonstratif membuat tanduk-tanduk besi, lalu berkata: \"Beginilah firman TUHAN: Dengan ini engkau akan menanduk Aram sampai engkau menghabiskan mereka.\" Tetapi Yosafat masih ingin mendengar petunjuk dari nabi YHWH. Ahab enggan memanggil orang ini, Mikha bin Yimla, karena Ahab membencinya, sebab nabi itu tidak pernah menubuatkan yang baik tentang Ahab, melainkan selalu malapetaka. Nabi Mikha bin Yimla memberi nubuat bahwa Ahab akan mati dalam pertempuran itu. Zedekia bin Kenaana menampar pipi Mikha, tetapi Mikha memberi nubuat bahwa suatu hari Zedekia bin Kenaana akan lari dari satu kamar ke kamar yang lain untuk menyembunyikan diri. Raja Ahab menjadi marah dan memerintahkan Mikha dimasukkan penjara di bawah penjagaan Amon, penguasa kota, dan Yoas, anak raja, sambil diberi makan roti dan minum air serba sedikit sampai raja Ahab pulang dengan selamat. Dengan peringatan itu, Ahab masuk pertempuran dengan menyamar sebagai prajurit, sedangkan Yosafat maju dengan pakaian kebesarannya. Raja Aram telah memesan tentaranya untuk berperang hanya dengan raja Israel (Ahab) saja, bukan dengan Yosafat. Jadi ketika dalam perang itu tentara Aram sempat mengepung Yosafat dan melihat bahwa ia bukan Ahab, mereka undur daripadanya. Tetapi seseorang menarik panahnya dan menembak dengan sembarangan saja, dan mengenai raja Israel di antara sambungan baju zirahnya. Kemudian Ahab berkata kepada pengemudi keretanya: \"Putar! Bawa aku keluar dari pertempuran, sebab aku sudah luka.\" Tetapi pertempuran itu bertambah seru pada hari itu, dan raja tetap ditopang berdiri di dalam kereta berhadapan dengan orang Aram itu, sampai ia mati pada waktu matahari terbenam. Dengan itu semua orang pulang ke rumahnya dan perang berakhir tanpa membawa hasil. Karena persahabatan dengan raja Ahab yang fasik itu, TUHAN menegur Yosafat melalui nabi Yehu bin Hanani.\n\nSetelah itu, mungkin karena mendengar berita kekalahan perang dari Aram, bani Moab dan bani Amon datang berperang melawan Yosafat bersama-sama sepasukan orang Meunim. Mereka menyerang dari seberang Laut Asin, dari Edom, dan berkumpul di Hazezon-Tamar, yakni En-Gedi. Yosafat menjadi takut, lalu mengambil keputusan untuk mencari pertolongan TUHAN. Ia menyerukan kepada seluruh Yehuda supaya berpuasa. Yahaziel bin Zakharia bin Benaya bin Matanya, seorang Lewi dari bani Asaf, dihinggapi Roh TUHAN di tengah-tengah jemaah, mengatakan: \"Janganlah kamu takut dan terkejut karena laskar yang besar ini, sebab bukan kamu yang akan berperang melainkan Allah.\" Tentara Yehuda disuruh turun menyerang saat tentara musuh mendaki pendakian Zis, yaitu di ujung lembah, di muka padang gurun Yeruel, tetapi tidak usah bertempur. Malahan Yosafat mengangkat orang-orang yang akan menyanyi nyanyian untuk TUHAN dan memuji TUHAN dalam pakaian kudus yang semarak pada waktu mereka keluar di muka orang-orang bersenjata. Ketika pasukan Yehuda mulai bersorak-sorai dan menyanyikan nyanyian pujian, orang-orang Moab dan Amon malah membinasakan penduduk Seir (Edom), dan kemudian mereka saling bunuh-membunuh. Ketika tentara Yehuda tiba di tempat peninjauan di padang gurun, mereka menengok ke tempat laskar itu. Tampaklah semua telah menjadi bangkai berhantaran di tanah, tidak ada yang terluput. Lalu Yosafat dan orang-orangnya turun untuk menjarah barang-barang mereka. Mereka menemukan banyak ternak, harta milik, pakaian dan barang-barang berharga. Yang mereka rampas itu lebih banyak daripada yang dapat dibawa. Tiga hari lamanya mereka menjarah barang-barang itu, karena begitu banyaknya. Pada hari keempat mereka berkumpul memuji TUHAN di tempat yang kemudian dinamakan Lembah Pujian, karena peristiwa tersebut.\n\nYosafat melakukan usaha yang gagal untuk membuka kembali pelayaran Salomo dalam mengadakan perdagangan dengan Ofir. Yosafat membuat kapal-kapal Tarsis untuk pergi ke Ofir mengambil emas, tetapi kapal-kapal itu tidak jadi pergi ke sana, sebab kapal-kapal itu pecah di Ezion-Geber, tempat pembuatannya. Kegagalan ini dianggap karena raja Yosafat bersepakat untuk bekerjasama dengan raja Ahazia anak Ahab, yang fasik, meskipun kemudian Yosafat menolaknya. Hal ini sesuai dengan nubuat Eliezer bin Dodawa dari Maresa.\n\nMesa, raja Moab, adalah seorang peternak domba; sebagai upeti ia membayar kepada raja Israel seratus ribu anak domba dan bulu dari seratus ribu domba jantan. Sesudah Ahab mati, memberontaklah Mesa terhadap raja Israel. Ahazia hanya memerintah dalam waktu pendek, maka Yoram, saudara-laki-lakinya yang menggantikan menjadi raja, mengambil tindakan untuk memerangi Moab. Ia mengajak Yosafat untuk membantu dan Yosafat bersedia. Dengan dibantu raja Edom, mereka berbaris menuju Moab, tetapi di padang gurun mereka tidak mempunyai air. Melalui nabi Elisa, TUHAN berkenan mendatangkan air dari Edom, karena raja Yosafat ada bersama mereka. Pasukan itu berhasil memukul kalah orang-orang Moab, meruntuhkan kota-kota dan menutupi setiap ladang yang baik dengan batu, karena setiap orang melemparkan batu ke atasnya. Mereka menutup segala mata air dan menumbangkan segala pohon yang baik, sampai hanya Kir-Hareset saja yang ditinggalkan, tetapi kota ini ditembaki oleh orang-orang pengumban dari segala penjuru. Ketika raja Moab melihat, bahwa peperangan itu terlalu berat baginya, diambilnyalah tujuh ratus orang pemegang pedang bersama-sama dia untuk menerobos ke jurusan raja Edom, tetapi tidak berhasil. Kemudian ia mengambil anaknya yang sulung yang akan menjadi raja menggantikan dia, lalu mempersembahkannya sebagai korban bakaran di atas pagar tembok. Tetapi kegusaran (atau ketakutan) besar menimpa orang Israel, sehingga mereka berangkat meninggalkan dia dan pulang ke negeri mereka. Beberapa tahun kemudian, setelah Yosafat mati, Mesa berhasil melepaskan diri dari Israel dan menuliskan kemenangannya pada \"Prasasti Mesa\".\n\nDengan matinya Ahab dan Ahazia dari Kerajaan Israel Utara, dan bertahtanya raja Yoram yang merupakan saudara laki-laki, Atalya, menantu perempuannya, raja Yosafat secara de facto disebut raja Israel. Anak-anak Yosafat adalah Yoram, Azarya, Yehiel, Zakharia, Azariahu, Mikhael dan Sefaca. Yosafat memberikan kepada mereka banyak pemberian, berupa emas dan perak dan barang-barang berharga, juga kota-kota berkubu di Yehuda, tetapi kedudukan raja diberikannya kepada Yoram, karena dialah anak sulungnya.\n\nWilliam F. Albright menulis masa pemerintahannya 873-849 SM, sementara menurut kronologi Thiele adalah 873-848 SM, dimana sampai tahun 870 SM ia menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan Asa, ayahnya, yang selama itu menderita sakit parah di bagian kakinya.\n\nMenurut kronologi Thiele, Yosafat diangkat menjadi raja bersama dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM dan ketika ayahnya mati, ia menjadi raja sendirian pada tahun ke-4 pemerintahan raja Ahab (1 Raja-raja 22:41) pada tahun 870 SM dan mati pada tahun 848 SM setelah menjadi raja 25 tahun lamanya (sejak menjadi \"raja bersama\"). Pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahan tunggalnya (853 SM), raja Ahab dari Kerajaan Israel Utara mati, digantikan oleh Ahazia. Pada saat yang hampir bersamaan, Yosafat mulai mengangkat anaknya, Yoram, menjadi raja bersama-sama dengan dia sebagai persiapan pergantian tahta. Hampir 2 tahun kemudian, Ahazia, raja Israel, meninggal tanpa meninggalkan putra, sehingga digantikan oleh saudara laki-lakinya yang juga bernama Yoram (852 SM). Yosafat mati 4 tahun kemudian dan Yoram, anak sulungnya, menjadi raja sendirian atas Kerajaan Yehuda.\n\nMenurut perhitungan waktu pemerintahan raja Asa, maka tahun-tahun kehidupan Yosafat dapat dihitung sejak berdirinya Kerajaan Yehuda (mulai dari pecahnya Kerajaan Israel pada tahun 931 SM). Tahun ke-24 (tahun ke-3 Asa): Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa. Tahun ke-49 (tahun ke-28 Asa, Yosafat 25 tahun): Yoram, putra sulung Yosafat, dilahirkan. Tahun ke-59 (tahun ke-38 Asa, tahun ke-1 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahab): Yosafat (35 tahun) menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan Asa, ayahnya. (873 SM). Tahun ke-62 (tahun ke-41 Asa, tahun ke-3 Yosafat, tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan Yosafat menggantikannya menjadi raja. (September 870 SM - April 869 SM) Yosafat memerintahkan pengajaran Taurat Tuhan bagi rakyat di kerajaan Yehuda. Tahun ke-67 (tahun ke-8 Yosafat, Yoram 18 tahun): Ahazia, putra bungsu Yoram bin Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Atalya, putri Ahab bin Omri, bagi Yoram. Tahun ke-76 (tahun ke-17 Yosafat, tahun ke-21 Ahab): Ahab mati dan Ahazia putranya menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel. Tahun ke-77 (tahun ke-18 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahazia raja Israel): Ahazia raja Israel mati dan saudara laki-lakinya, Yoram, anak Ahab, menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel. Tahun ke-82 (tahun ke-23 Yosafat, tahun ke-5 Yoram raja Israel): Yoram anak Yosafat menjadi raja bersama ayahnya atas Kerajaan Yehuda. Tahun ke-84 (tahun ke-25 Yosafat, tahun ke-7 Yoram raja Israel, tahun ke-3 Yoram raja Yehuda): Yosafat mati dalam usia 60 tahun, pada saat Yoram putranya sudah menjabat sebagai raja Yehuda. (April - September 848 SM)\n\nAsa Ahab Ahazia (raja Israel) Kerajaan Yehuda Yoram (raja Israel) Yoram (raja Yehuda) Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: 1 Raja-raja 15, 22, 2 Raja-raja 3, 8, 2 Tawarikh 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.\n\nKamus Alkitab\n\nKategori:Raja Yehuda Kategori:Kitab 1 Raja-raja Kategori:Kitab 2 Raja-raja Kategori:Kitab 2 Tawarikh Kategori:Kematian 848 SM\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yosafat (juga dieja Yehosafat; ; ; ; , Jehosaphat, Josaphat, Yehoshafat) adalah putra raja Asa dan merupakan raja Yehuda yang ke-4 (873-848 SM) setelah Kerajaan Israel terpecah.","translated_text":"Jehoshaphat (also spelled Jehoshaphat; ; , Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat) was the son of King Asa and was the fourth king of Judah (873-848 B.C.E.) after the division of the Kingdom of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:24}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut catatan Alkitab, Yosafat berumur 35 tahun pada waktu ia menjadi raja dan 25 tahun lamanya ia memerintah di Yerusalem.","translated_text":"According to the Bible record, Jehoshaphat was 35 years old when he became king and ruled in Jerusalem for 25 years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama ibunya ialah Azuba, anak Silhi (; ).","translated_text":"His mother's name was Azuba, a daughter of Silhi (;).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan Alkitab","translated_text":"Bible Records","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Diberkati TUHAN","translated_text":"Blessed by God","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemerintahan Yosafat umumnya berlangsung dengan baik.","translated_text":"Jehoshaphat's reign generally went well.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kitab Tawarikh mencatat bahwa TUHAN menyertai Yosafat, karena ia hidup mengikuti jejak yang dahulu dari Daud, bapa leluhurnya, dan tidak mencari Baal-baal, melainkan mencari Allah ayahnya.","translated_text":"And the book of the chronicles records that Jehovah was with Jehoshaphat, because he walked in the first steps of David his father, and did not seek the Baals, but the God of his father.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia hidup menurut perintah-perintah-Nya dan tidak berbuat seperti Israel (Utara).","translated_text":"He lives by his commands and does not act like Israel (North).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh sebab itu TUHAN mengokohkan kerajaan yang ada di bawah kekuasaannya.","translated_text":"Therefore Jehovah established a kingdom in his hand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seluruh Yehuda memberikan persembahan kepada Yosafat, sehingga ia menjadi kaya dan sangat terhormat.","translated_text":"And all Judah brought sacrifices to Jehoshaphat, and he became rich and highly esteemed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan tabah hati ia hidup menurut jalan yang ditunjukkan TUHAN.","translated_text":"And he walked in the way of Jehovah, and his heart was firm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pula ia menjauhkan dari Yehuda segala bukit pengorbanan dan tiang berhala, meskipun masih ada orang-orang yang mempersembahkan dan membakar korban di bukit-bukit pengorbanan itu.","translated_text":"And he removed from Judah all the high places, and all the pillars, though there were still men that sacrificed and burned on the high places.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:3-6}}</ref>","char_index":74,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:44}}</ref>","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, sisa pelacuran bakti yang masih tinggal dalam zaman Asa, ayahnya, dihapuskannya dari negeri itu.","translated_text":"However, he removed from the land the remnant of devout prostitution that remained in the time of Asa, his father.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:47}}</ref>","char_index":103,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat mengadakan kunjungan pula ke daerah-daerah, dari Bersyeba sampai ke pegunungan Efraim, sambil menyuruh rakyat berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat went from Beer-sheba to the hill country of Ephraim, and told the people to return to Jehovah the God of their fathers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:4}}</ref>","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengokohan Kerajaan","translated_text":"Kingdom Support","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di awal pemerintahannya, ia memperkuat kerajaannya dengan menempatkan tentara di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda dan pasukan-pasukan pendudukan di tanah Yehuda serta di kota-kota Efraim yang direbut oleh Asa, ayahnya.","translated_text":"At the beginning of his reign he strengthened his kingdom by placing armies in all the fortified cities of Judah and the occupying forces in the land of Judah and in the cities of Ephraim that Asa his father had captured.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1-2}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun ketiga pemerintahannya ia mengutus beberapa pembesarnya, yakni Benhail, Obaja, Zakharia, Netaneel dan Mikha untuk mengajar di kota-kota Yehuda.","translated_text":"And in the third year of his reign he sent to teach in the cities of Judah Ben-hail, and Obadiah, and Zechariah, and Nethaneel, and Micah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama","translated_text":"Together","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-sama mereka turut juga beberapa orang Lewi, yakni Semaya, Netanya, Zebaja, Asael, Semiramot, Yonatan, Adonia, Tobia dan Tob-Adonia disertai imam-imam Elisama dan Yoram.","translated_text":"And with them were Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and Zebaiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jonathan, and Adonijah, and Tobiah, and Tobiah, and the priests Elishama and Joram.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka memberikan pelajaran di Yehuda dengan membawa kitab Taurat TUHAN.","translated_text":"And they taught in Judah, bringing the book of the law of Jehovah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mengelilingi semua kota di Yehuda sambil mengajar rakyat.","translated_text":"And they went around all the cities of Judah, and taught the people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9}}</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa semua kerajaan di negeri-negeri sekeliling Yehuda, sehingga mereka tidak berani berperang melawan Yosafat.","translated_text":"And the fear of Jehovah came upon all the kingdoms of the countries that were round about Judah, and they feared not to go up against Jehoshaphat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari antara orang-orang Filistin ada yang membawa kepada Yosafat persembahan, dan perak sebagai upeti.","translated_text":"And of the Philistines they brought unto Jehoshaphat a heave-offering, and silver as a tribute.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juga orang-orang Arab membawa kepadanya kambing domba, domba jantan 7.700 ekor dan kambing jantan 7.700 ekor.","translated_text":"And the Arabs brought to him seven thousand seven hundred rams and seven thousand seven hundred goats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:10-11}}</ref>","char_index":109,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Yehuda ia membangun benteng-benteng dan banyak kota-kota perbekalan.","translated_text":"And he built strongholds in Judah, and many cities of war.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:12-13}}</ref>","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tentaranya tercatat sebagai berikut: Dari suku Yehuda, panglima Adna: 300.000 tentara, panglima Yohanan: 280.000 tentara, Amasia bin Zikhri (yang dengan sukarela telah menyerahkan dirinya kepada TUHAN): 200.000 tentara.","translated_text":"And of the tribe of Judah, the captain of Adna, three hundred thousand; and of the captain of Johanan, two hundred and eighty thousand; and of Amaziah the son of Zichri, who willingly committed himself to Jehovah, two hundred thousand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari suku Benyamin, Elyada: 200.000 orang yang bersenjatakan busur dan perisai, Yozabad: 180.000 orang yang bersenjata untuk berperang.","translated_text":"Of the tribe of Benjamin, Eliadah, two hundred thousand armed with bows and shields; Jozabad, one hundred and eighty thousand armed for war.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka ditempatkan di Yerusalem dan di kota-kota yang berkubu di seluruh Yehuda.","translated_text":"And they set them in Jerusalem, and in all the fortified cities of Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:13-19}}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat mengangkat juga hakim-hakim di seluruh negeri, yakni di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda, di tiap-tiap kota.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat appointed judges in all the cities of Judah, in every city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kepada mereka ia berpesan agar memutuskan hukum, bukan untuk manusia, melainkan untuk TUHAN, dengan rasa takut kepada TUHAN, untuk bertindak dengan saksama, tidak berlaku curang, memihak ataupun menerima suap.","translated_text":"And he commanded them to judge, not for man, but for Jehovah, and to fear Jehovah, and to do righteously, and to do not deceive, and to take no covetousness, and to accept no bribe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Yerusalem Yosafat mengangkat beberapa orang dari antara orang Lewi, dari antara para imam dan dari antara para kepala puak Israel untuk memberi keputusan dalam hal hukum TUHAN dan dalam hal perselisihan.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat appointed in Jerusalem men of the Levites, and of the priests, and of the princes of Israel, to judge in the law of Jehovah, and in the disputes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka berkedudukan di Yerusalem.","translated_text":"They were stationed in Jerusalem.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Imam kepala Amarya diangkat sebagai ketua dalam segala perkara ketuhanan dan Zebaja bin Ismael, pemuka kaum Yehuda, dalam segala perkara kerajaan, sedang orang Lewi akan melayani sebagai pengatur.","translated_text":"And Amariah the high priest was over all the things of God; and Zebaiah the son of Ishmael, the prince of the children of Judah, over all the things of the kingdom; and the Levites were over them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:5-11}}</ref>","char_index":196,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan perkawinan puteranya yang bernama Yoram dengan puteri raja Israel, anak Ahab yang bernama Atalya, maka Yosafat meneguhkan perdamaian dan persahabatan antara kedua kerajaan.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat made peace and friendship between the two kingdoms, by marrying Jehoram his son with Athaliah the daughter of Ahab the king of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3}}</ref>","char_index":83,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:2}}</ref>","char_index":104,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 18:1}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:45}}</ref>","char_index":179,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perang dengan Aram","translated_text":"War with Aram","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah 3 tahun masa damai antara Kerajaan Israel Utara dan Aram, pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahannya, Yosafat ikut-serta ambil-bagian dalam perang yang dilakukan Ahab melawan orang-orang Aram untuk merebut Ramot-Gilead.","translated_text":"After three years of peace between the northern kingdom of Israel and Syria, in the 17th year of his reign, Jehoshaphat joined Ahab in his war against the Syrians to capture Ramoth-gilead.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka berangkat dari Samaria, ibu kota Kerajaan Israel Utara.","translated_text":"They set out from Samaria, the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum perang, Yosafat ingin minta petunjuk TUHAN (YHWH).","translated_text":"Before the battle, Jehoshaphat sought the direction of Jehovah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahab mengumpulkan 400 orang nabi yang semuanya menyatakan bahwa Allah akan memberikan kemenangan.","translated_text":"Ahab gathered 400 prophets who all declared God's victory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Satu di antara mereka, Zedekia bin Kenaana, secara demonstratif membuat tanduk-tanduk besi, lalu berkata: \"Beginilah firman TUHAN: Dengan ini engkau akan menanduk Aram sampai engkau menghabiskan mereka.\"","translated_text":"And one of them, Zedekiah the son of Kenaanah, made horns of iron, and said, Thus saith Jehovah: Thus shalt thou horn the Syrians, until thou have consumed them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi Yosafat masih ingin mendengar petunjuk dari nabi YHWH.","translated_text":"But Jehoshaphat still wanted to hear guidance from YHWH's prophet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahab enggan memanggil orang ini, Mikha bin Yimla, karena Ahab membencinya, sebab nabi itu tidak pernah menubuatkan yang baik tentang Ahab, melainkan selalu malapetaka.","translated_text":"And Ahab refused to call this man, Micah the son of Yimlah, because Ahab hated him; for he prophesied no good against Ahab, but only evil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nabi Mikha bin Yimla memberi nubuat bahwa Ahab akan mati dalam pertempuran itu.","translated_text":"The prophet Micah the son of Yimla prophesied that Ahab would die in the battle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Zedekia bin Kenaana menampar pipi Mikha, tetapi Mikha memberi nubuat bahwa suatu hari Zedekia bin Kenaana akan lari dari satu kamar ke kamar yang lain untuk menyembunyikan diri.","translated_text":"Zedekiah the son of Kenaana slapped Micah's cheek, but Micah prophesied that one day Zedekiah the son of Kenaana would run from room to room to hide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Raja Ahab menjadi marah dan memerintahkan Mikha dimasukkan penjara di bawah penjagaan Amon, penguasa kota, dan Yoas, anak raja, sambil diberi makan roti dan minum air serba sedikit sampai raja Ahab pulang dengan selamat.","translated_text":"King Ahab became angry and ordered that Micah be put in prison under the care of Amon, the ruler of the city, and Jehoash, the king's son, and fed with a little bread and a little water until King Ahab returned home safely.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan peringatan itu, Ahab masuk pertempuran dengan menyamar sebagai prajurit, sedangkan Yosafat maju dengan pakaian kebesarannya.","translated_text":"With that warning, Ahab went into battle disguised as a warrior, while Jehoshaphat advanced in his robes of majesty.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Raja Aram telah memesan tentaranya untuk berperang hanya dengan raja Israel (Ahab) saja, bukan dengan Yosafat.","translated_text":"The king of Syria had ordered his army to fight only against King Ahab of Israel, not against Jehoshaphat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jadi ketika dalam perang itu tentara Aram sempat mengepung Yosafat dan melihat bahwa ia bukan Ahab, mereka undur daripadanya.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when the Syrians besieged Jehoshaphat, and they saw that he was not Ahab, that they withdrew from him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi seseorang menarik panahnya dan menembak dengan sembarangan saja, dan mengenai raja Israel di antara sambungan baju zirahnya.","translated_text":"But a man drew his arrows, and shot with a spear, and struck the king of Israel in the breech of his garment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian Ahab berkata kepada pengemudi keretanya: \"Putar!","translated_text":"Then Ahab said to the driver of his chariot: \"Turn!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bawa aku keluar dari pertempuran, sebab aku sudah luka.\"","translated_text":"Bring me out of the battle, for I am wounded\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi pertempuran itu bertambah seru pada hari itu, dan raja tetap ditopang berdiri di dalam kereta berhadapan dengan orang Aram itu, sampai ia mati pada waktu matahari terbenam.","translated_text":"And the battle was fierce that day; and the king stood in the chariot against the Syrian, until he was dead by the going down of the sun.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 18:2-34}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:1-40}}</ref>","char_index":179,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan itu semua orang pulang ke rumahnya dan perang berakhir tanpa membawa hasil.","translated_text":"So everyone goes home and the war ends in vain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena persahabatan dengan raja Ahab yang fasik itu, TUHAN menegur Yosafat melalui nabi Yehu bin Hanani.","translated_text":"And Jehovah rebuked Jehoshaphat because of the wickedness of his friendship with Ahab; and Jehu the son of Hanani the prophet spoke to him.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:1-3}}</ref>","char_index":104,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perang dengan Moab dan Amon","translated_text":"War with Moab and Ammon","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah itu, mungkin karena mendengar berita kekalahan perang dari Aram, bani Moab dan bani Amon datang berperang melawan Yosafat bersama-sama sepasukan orang Meunim.","translated_text":"And it came to pass after this, that the children of Moab and the children of Ammon, having heard of the defeat of the Syrians, came to battle against Jehoshaphat with the hosts of the Meunites.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menyerang dari seberang Laut Asin, dari Edom, dan berkumpul di Hazezon-Tamar, yakni En-Gedi.","translated_text":"And they came from beyond the Salt Sea, from Edom, and gathered themselves together at Hazezon-Tamar, which is En-gedi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat menjadi takut, lalu mengambil keputusan untuk mencari pertolongan TUHAN.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat was afraid, and he sought the help of Jehovah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menyerukan kepada seluruh Yehuda supaya berpuasa.","translated_text":"He urged all of Judah to fast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yahaziel bin Zakharia bin Benaya bin Matanya, seorang Lewi dari bani Asaf, dihinggapi Roh TUHAN di tengah-tengah jemaah, mengatakan: \"Janganlah kamu takut dan terkejut karena laskar yang besar ini, sebab bukan kamu yang akan berperang melainkan Allah.\"","translated_text":"And the Spirit of Jehovah came upon Jahaziel the son of Zechariah the son of Benaiah the son of Mataniah, a Levite of the children of Asaph, in the midst of the congregation, and said, Fear not, neither be dismayed at this great multitude; for it is not you who fight, but God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tentara Yehuda disuruh turun menyerang saat tentara musuh mendaki pendakian Zis, yaitu di ujung lembah, di muka padang gurun Yeruel, tetapi tidak usah bertempur.","translated_text":"And the army of Judah was sent down against them as they went up the hill of Zis, which is at the end of the valley, before the wilderness of Jeruel; but they did not fight.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Malahan Yosafat mengangkat orang-orang yang akan menyanyi nyanyian untuk TUHAN dan memuji TUHAN dalam pakaian kudus yang semarak pada waktu mereka keluar di muka orang-orang bersenjata.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat raised up men to sing psalms to Jehovah, and to praise Jehovah in the holy garments, when they went out before the armed men.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika pasukan Yehuda mulai bersorak-sorai dan menyanyikan nyanyian pujian, orang-orang Moab dan Amon malah membinasakan penduduk Seir (Edom), dan kemudian mereka saling bunuh-membunuh.","translated_text":"When Judah's army began to shout and sing praises, the Moabites and the Ammonites destroyed the inhabitants of Seir (Edom), and then they killed one another.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika tentara Yehuda tiba di tempat peninjauan di padang gurun, mereka menengok ke tempat laskar itu.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when the men of Judah came to the camp in the wilderness, that they looked upon the camp.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tampaklah semua telah menjadi bangkai berhantaran di tanah, tidak ada yang terluput.","translated_text":"It looked as if they had all been dumped on the ground, not a single one escaped.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lalu Yosafat dan orang-orangnya turun untuk menjarah barang-barang mereka.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat and his men went down to plunder them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menemukan banyak ternak, harta milik, pakaian dan barang-barang berharga.","translated_text":"They found many livestock, possessions, clothing, and valuables.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang mereka rampas itu lebih banyak daripada yang dapat dibawa.","translated_text":"What they plundered was more than they could carry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga hari lamanya mereka menjarah barang-barang itu, karena begitu banyaknya.","translated_text":"For three days they plundered them, for they were so great.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada hari keempat mereka berkumpul memuji TUHAN di tempat yang kemudian dinamakan Lembah Pujian, karena peristiwa tersebut.","translated_text":"And on the fourth day they assembled themselves together to praise Jehovah in the place that was called the valley of praise, because of the thing that was done.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:1-30}}</ref>","char_index":123,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembuatan Kapal Dagang","translated_text":"Construction of Merchant Ships","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yosafat melakukan usaha yang gagal untuk membuka kembali pelayaran Salomo dalam mengadakan perdagangan dengan Ofir.","translated_text":"Jehoshaphat made an unsuccessful attempt to reopen Solomon's ships in trade with Ophir.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat membuat kapal-kapal Tarsis untuk pergi ke Ofir mengambil emas, tetapi kapal-kapal itu tidak jadi pergi ke sana, sebab kapal-kapal itu pecah di Ezion-Geber, tempat pembuatannya.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they could not go there; for they were broken at Ezion-geber, where he had made them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kegagalan ini dianggap karena raja Yosafat bersepakat untuk bekerjasama dengan raja Ahazia anak Ahab, yang fasik, meskipun kemudian Yosafat menolaknya.","translated_text":"This failure was attributed to King Jehoshaphat's agreement to cooperate with the wicked king Ahaziah, Ahab's son, although Jehoshaphat later rejected it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:48-49}}</ref>","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini sesuai dengan nubuat Eliezer bin Dodawa dari Maresa.","translated_text":"This is according to the prophecy of Eliezer the son of Dodawah of Maresa.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:35-37}}</ref>","char_index":60,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perang menyerang Moab","translated_text":"War on Moab","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mesa, raja Moab, adalah seorang peternak domba; sebagai upeti ia membayar kepada raja Israel seratus ribu anak domba dan bulu dari seratus ribu domba jantan.","translated_text":"And Mesha king of Moab was a shepherd; and he gave to the king of Israel a hundred thousand rams and a hundred thousand he-goats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sesudah Ahab mati, memberontaklah Mesa terhadap raja Israel.","translated_text":"And it came to pass after the death of Ahab, that Mesa rebelled against the king of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahazia hanya memerintah dalam waktu pendek, maka Yoram, saudara-laki-lakinya yang menggantikan menjadi raja, mengambil tindakan untuk memerangi Moab.","translated_text":"Ahaziah's reign was short-lived, and Jehoram, his brother who succeeded him as king, took action against Moab.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengajak Yosafat untuk membantu dan Yosafat bersedia.","translated_text":"He invited Jehoshaphat to help, and Jehoshaphat was willing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan dibantu raja Edom, mereka berbaris menuju Moab, tetapi di padang gurun mereka tidak mempunyai air.","translated_text":"And with the help of the king of Edom they arrayed themselves against Moab; but there was no water for them in the wilderness.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Melalui nabi Elisa, TUHAN berkenan mendatangkan air dari Edom, karena raja Yosafat ada bersama mereka.","translated_text":"And it came to pass by the hand of Elisha the prophet, that it was good in the sight of Jehovah to bring water from Edom; for king Jehoshaphat was with them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pasukan itu berhasil memukul kalah orang-orang Moab, meruntuhkan kota-kota dan menutupi setiap ladang yang baik dengan batu, karena setiap orang melemparkan batu ke atasnya.","translated_text":"And they smote the Moabites, and smote their cities, and covered every good field with stones; for every man threw stones upon it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menutup segala mata air dan menumbangkan segala pohon yang baik, sampai hanya Kir-Hareset saja yang ditinggalkan, tetapi kota ini ditembaki oleh orang-orang pengumban dari segala penjuru.","translated_text":"And they shut up all the springs of water, and cut down all the good trees; but Kir-harsheth was left; and the shepherds from every side burned the city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika raja Moab melihat, bahwa peperangan itu terlalu berat baginya, diambilnyalah tujuh ratus orang pemegang pedang bersama-sama dia untuk menerobos ke jurusan raja Edom, tetapi tidak berhasil.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too great for him, that he took seven hundred men with him that bore the sword, to go up against the king of Edom; but they did not succeed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian ia mengambil anaknya yang sulung yang akan menjadi raja menggantikan dia, lalu mempersembahkannya sebagai korban bakaran di atas pagar tembok.","translated_text":"And he took his son, his firstborn, who was to reign in his stead, and offered him up as a burnt-offering upon the wall.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi kegusaran (atau ketakutan) besar menimpa orang Israel, sehingga mereka berangkat meninggalkan dia dan pulang ke negeri mereka.","translated_text":"But the Israelites were greatly distressed, so they left him and returned to their homeland.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 3:4-27}}</ref>","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa tahun kemudian, setelah Yosafat mati, Mesa berhasil melepaskan diri dari Israel dan menuliskan kemenangannya pada \"Prasasti Mesa\".","translated_text":"Some years later, after Jehoshaphat's death, Mesa managed to escape Israel and wrote down his victory in the \"Prastic of Mesa\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>http://theosophical.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/biblical-archaeology-4-the-moabite-stone-a-k-a-mesha-stele/</ref>","char_index":139,"name":null,"url":"http://theosophical.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/biblical-archaeology-4-the-moabite-stone-a-k-a-mesha-stele/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99521,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:35.320073-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keturunan","translated_text":"Descendants","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan matinya Ahab dan Ahazia dari Kerajaan Israel Utara, dan bertahtanya raja Yoram yang merupakan saudara laki-laki, Atalya, menantu perempuannya, raja Yosafat secara de facto disebut raja Israel.","translated_text":"With the death of Ahab and Ahaziah of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, and the coronation of King Jehoram who was his brother-in-law, Athaliah, his daughter-in-law, King Jehoshaphat was de facto called king of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak","translated_text":"The child","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-anak Yosafat adalah Yoram, Azarya, Yehiel, Zakharia, Azariahu, Mikhael dan Sefaca.","translated_text":"And the sons of Jehoshaphat were Joram, and Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Micael, and Shephaca.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat memberikan kepada mereka banyak pemberian, berupa emas dan perak dan barang-barang berharga, juga kota-kota berkubu di Yehuda, tetapi kedudukan raja diberikannya kepada Yoram, karena dialah anak sulungnya.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat gave them many gifts, gold and silver, and precious things, and fortified cities in Judah; but he gave the king's place to Joram, because he was his firstborn.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3}}</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perhitungan waktu","translated_text":"Calculation of time","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"William F. Albright menulis masa pemerintahannya 873-849 SM, sementara menurut kronologi Thiele adalah 873-848 SM, dimana sampai tahun 870 SM ia menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan Asa, ayahnya, yang selama itu menderita sakit parah di bagian kakinya.","translated_text":"William F. Albright wrote of his reign 873-849 B.C., while according to Thiele's chronology it was 873-848 B.C., whereby until 870 B.C. he became \"co-king\" with Asa, his father, who during that time suffered severe pain in his leg.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":245,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut kronologi Thiele, Yosafat diangkat menjadi raja bersama dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM dan ketika ayahnya mati, ia menjadi raja sendirian pada tahun ke-4 pemerintahan raja Ahab (1 Raja-raja 22:41) pada tahun 870 SM dan mati pada tahun 848 SM setelah menjadi raja 25 tahun lamanya (sejak menjadi \"raja bersama\").","translated_text":"According to Thiele's chronology, Jehoshaphat was crowned king along with his father since September 873 B.C.E. and when his father died, he became king alone in the 4th year of king Ahab's reign (1 Kings 22:41) in 870 B.C.E. and died in 848 B.C.E. after being king for 25 years (since becoming \"co-king\").","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahan tunggalnya (853 SM), raja Ahab dari Kerajaan Israel Utara mati, digantikan oleh Ahazia.","translated_text":"In the 17th year of his sole reign (853 B.C.E.), King Ahab of the Northern Kingdom of Israel died and was succeeded by Ahaziah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat yang hampir bersamaan, Yosafat mulai mengangkat anaknya, Yoram, menjadi raja bersama-sama dengan dia sebagai persiapan pergantian tahta.","translated_text":"At about the same time, Jehoshaphat began to appoint his son, Jehoram, to be king with him in preparation for his succession.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 1:17}}</ref>","char_index":146,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hampir 2 tahun kemudian, Ahazia, raja Israel, meninggal tanpa meninggalkan putra, sehingga digantikan oleh saudara laki-lakinya yang juga bernama Yoram (852 SM).","translated_text":"Nearly 2 years later, Ahaziah, king of Israel, died without a son, and was succeeded by his brother Jehoram (852 B.C.E.).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat mati 4 tahun kemudian dan Yoram, anak sulungnya, menjadi raja sendirian atas Kerajaan Yehuda.","translated_text":"Jehoshaphat died four years later and his eldest son Jehoram became king alone of the kingdom of Judah.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Menurut tahun Kerajaan Yehuda","translated_text":"According to the year of the Kingdom of Judah","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut perhitungan waktu pemerintahan raja Asa, maka tahun-tahun kehidupan Yosafat dapat dihitung sejak berdirinya Kerajaan Yehuda (mulai dari pecahnya Kerajaan Israel pada tahun 931 SM).","translated_text":"According to the reign of King Asa, the years of Jehoshaphat's life can be counted from the founding of the Kingdom of Judah (starting with the breakup of the Kingdom of Israel in 931 B.C.E.).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-24 (tahun ke-3 Asa): Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa.","translated_text":"The twenty-fourth year (the third year of Asa): Jehoshaphat was born to Azuba the son of Shilhi, Asa's son.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj22_42\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>","char_index":80,"name":"1Raj22_42","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-49 (tahun ke-28 Asa, Yosafat 25 tahun):","translated_text":"In the forty-ninth year (the twenty-eighth year of Asa, Jehoshaphat twenty-five years):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yoram, putra sulung Yosafat, dilahirkan.","translated_text":"And Jehoram the firstborn of Jehoshaphat was born.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:17}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:3,5}}</ref>","char_index":40,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-59 (tahun ke-38 Asa, tahun ke-1 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahab): Yosafat (35 tahun) menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan Asa, ayahnya.","translated_text":"59th year (38th year of Asa, 1st year of Jehoshaphat, 2nd year of Ahab): Jehoshaphat (35 years old) becomes \"king with\" his father, Asa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(873 SM).","translated_text":"(873 B.C.)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-62 (tahun ke-41 Asa, tahun ke-3 Yosafat, tahun ke-4 Ahab):","translated_text":"in the sixty-second year (the forty-first year of Asa, the third year of Jehoshaphat, the fourth year of Ahab):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa mati dan Yosafat menggantikannya menjadi raja.","translated_text":"Asa died, and Jehoshaphat succeeded him as king.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:13}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1}}</ref>","char_index":50,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(September 870 SM - April 869 SM) Yosafat memerintahkan pengajaran Taurat Tuhan bagi rakyat di kerajaan Yehuda.","translated_text":"(September 870 B.C.E. - April 869 B.C.E.) Jehoshaphat commanded the teaching of God's Law to the people of the kingdom of Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":33,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9}}</ref>","char_index":111,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-67 (tahun ke-8 Yosafat, Yoram 18 tahun):","translated_text":"In the sixty-seventh year (the eighth year of Jehoshaphat, and Joram was eighteen years old):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahazia, putra bungsu Yoram bin Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Atalya, putri Ahab bin Omri, bagi Yoram.","translated_text":"And Ahaziah the youngest son of Joram the son of Jehoshaphat, was born to Joram by Athaliah the daughter of Ahab the son of Omri.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:25}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:1}}</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:26}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:2}}</ref>","char_index":95,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-76 (tahun ke-17 Yosafat, tahun ke-21 Ahab):","translated_text":"in the seventy-sixth year (the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat, the twenty-first year of Ahab):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahab mati dan Ahazia putranya menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel.","translated_text":"And Ahab died, and Ahaziah his son reigned in Samaria in his stead.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:52}}</ref>","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-77 (tahun ke-18 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahazia raja Israel):","translated_text":"In the seventy-seventh year (the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat, the second year of Ahaziah king of Israel):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahazia raja Israel mati dan saudara laki-lakinya, Yoram, anak Ahab, menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel.","translated_text":"And Ahaziah king of Israel died; and Jehoram the son of Ahab his brother reigned in Samaria in his stead.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 3:1}}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-82 (tahun ke-23 Yosafat, tahun ke-5 Yoram raja Israel):","translated_text":"in the eighty-second year, the twenty-third year of Jehoshaphat, the fifth year of Joram king of Israel:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yoram anak Yosafat menjadi raja bersama ayahnya atas Kerajaan Yehuda.","translated_text":"And Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat reigned with his father in the kingdom of Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:16}}</ref>","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-84 (tahun ke-25 Yosafat, tahun ke-7 Yoram raja Israel, tahun ke-3 Yoram raja Yehuda):","translated_text":"in the eighty-fourth year, in the twenty-fifth year of Jehoshaphat, in the seventh year of Joram king of Israel, in the third year of Joram king of Judah:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yosafat mati dalam usia 60 tahun, pada saat Yoram putranya sudah menjabat sebagai raja Yehuda.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat died at the age of sixty years; and Jehoram his son reigned in Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj22_42\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"1Raj22_42","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(April - September 848 SM)","translated_text":"(April to September 848 B.C.E.)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":26,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asa Ahab Ahazia (raja Israel) Kerajaan Yehuda Yoram (raja Israel) Yoram (raja Yehuda) Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: 1 Raja-raja 15, 22, 2 Raja-raja 3, 8, 2 Tawarikh 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.","translated_text":"Asa Ahab Ahaziah (king of Israel) Kingdom of Judah Jehoram (king of Israel) Jehoram (king of Judah) Related parts of the Bible: 1 Kings 15, 22, 2 Kings 3, 8, 2 Chronicles 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pustaka","translated_text":"The library","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kamus Alkitab","translated_text":"A dictionary of the Bible","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Raja Yehuda Kategori:Kitab 1 Raja-raja Kategori:Kitab 2 Raja-raja Kategori:Kitab 2 Tawarikh Kategori:Kematian 848 SM","translated_text":"Categories:Kings of Judah Categories:Kings of Judah Categories:Kings of Judah Categories:Kings of Judah","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Yosafat (juga dieja Yehosafat; ; ; ; , Jehosaphat, Josaphat, Yehoshafat) adalah putra raja Asa dan merupakan raja Yehuda yang ke-4 (873-848 SM) setelah Kerajaan Israel terpecah.","translated_text":"Jehoshaphat (also spelled Jehoshaphat; ; , Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat) was the son of King Asa and was the fourth king of Judah (873-848 B.C.E.) after the division of the Kingdom of Israel.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:24}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seluruh Yehuda memberikan persembahan kepada Yosafat, sehingga ia menjadi kaya dan sangat terhormat. Dengan tabah hati ia hidup menurut jalan yang ditunjukkan TUHAN. Pula ia menjauhkan dari Yehuda segala bukit pengorbanan dan tiang berhala, meskipun masih ada orang-orang yang mempersembahkan dan membakar korban di bukit-bukit pengorbanan itu.","translated_text":"And all Judah brought sacrifices to Jehoshaphat, and he became rich and highly esteemed. And he walked in the way of Jehovah, and his heart was firm. And he removed from Judah all the high places, and all the pillars, though there were still men that sacrificed and burned on the high places.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:3-6}}</ref>","char_index":240,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:44}}</ref>","char_index":344,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan tabah hati ia hidup menurut jalan yang ditunjukkan TUHAN. Pula ia menjauhkan dari Yehuda segala bukit pengorbanan dan tiang berhala, meskipun masih ada orang-orang yang mempersembahkan dan membakar korban di bukit-bukit pengorbanan itu. Namun, sisa pelacuran bakti yang masih tinggal dalam zaman Asa, ayahnya, dihapuskannya dari negeri itu.","translated_text":"And he walked in the way of Jehovah, and his heart was firm. And he removed from Judah all the high places, and all the pillars, though there were still men that sacrificed and burned on the high places. However, he removed from the land the remnant of devout prostitution that remained in the time of Asa, his father.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:47}}</ref>","char_index":347,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pula ia menjauhkan dari Yehuda segala bukit pengorbanan dan tiang berhala, meskipun masih ada orang-orang yang mempersembahkan dan membakar korban di bukit-bukit pengorbanan itu. Namun, sisa pelacuran bakti yang masih tinggal dalam zaman Asa, ayahnya, dihapuskannya dari negeri itu. Yosafat mengadakan kunjungan pula ke daerah-daerah, dari Bersyeba sampai ke pegunungan Efraim, sambil menyuruh rakyat berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka.","translated_text":"And he removed from Judah all the high places, and all the pillars, though there were still men that sacrificed and burned on the high places. However, he removed from the land the remnant of devout prostitution that remained in the time of Asa, his father. And Jehoshaphat went from Beer-sheba to the hill country of Ephraim, and told the people to return to Jehovah the God of their fathers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:4}}</ref>","char_index":450,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di awal pemerintahannya, ia memperkuat kerajaannya dengan menempatkan tentara di semua kota yang berkubu di Yehuda dan pasukan-pasukan pendudukan di tanah Yehuda serta di kota-kota Efraim yang direbut oleh Asa, ayahnya.","translated_text":"At the beginning of his reign he strengthened his kingdom by placing armies in all the fortified cities of Judah and the occupying forces in the land of Judah and in the cities of Ephraim that Asa his father had captured.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1-2}}</ref>","char_index":219,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-sama mereka turut juga beberapa orang Lewi, yakni Semaya, Netanya, Zebaja, Asael, Semiramot, Yonatan, Adonia, Tobia dan Tob-Adonia disertai imam-imam Elisama dan Yoram. Mereka memberikan pelajaran di Yehuda dengan membawa kitab Taurat TUHAN. Mereka mengelilingi semua kota di Yehuda sambil mengajar rakyat.","translated_text":"And with them were Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and Zebaiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jonathan, and Adonijah, and Tobiah, and Tobiah, and the priests Elishama and Joram. And they taught in Judah, bringing the book of the law of Jehovah. And they went around all the cities of Judah, and taught the people.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9}}</ref>","char_index":307,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa semua kerajaan di negeri-negeri sekeliling Yehuda, sehingga mereka tidak berani berperang melawan Yosafat. Dari antara orang-orang Filistin ada yang membawa kepada Yosafat persembahan, dan perak sebagai upeti. Juga orang-orang Arab membawa kepadanya kambing domba, domba jantan 7.700 ekor dan kambing jantan 7.700 ekor.","translated_text":"And the fear of Jehovah came upon all the kingdoms of the countries that were round about Judah, and they feared not to go up against Jehoshaphat. And of the Philistines they brought unto Jehoshaphat a heave-offering, and silver as a tribute. And the Arabs brought to him seven thousand seven hundred rams and seven thousand seven hundred goats.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:10-11}}</ref>","char_index":353,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari antara orang-orang Filistin ada yang membawa kepada Yosafat persembahan, dan perak sebagai upeti. Juga orang-orang Arab membawa kepadanya kambing domba, domba jantan 7.700 ekor dan kambing jantan 7.700 ekor. Di Yehuda ia membangun benteng-benteng dan banyak kota-kota perbekalan.","translated_text":"And of the Philistines they brought unto Jehoshaphat a heave-offering, and silver as a tribute. And the Arabs brought to him seven thousand seven hundred rams and seven thousand seven hundred goats. And he built strongholds in Judah, and many cities of war.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:12-13}}</ref>","char_index":284,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tentaranya tercatat sebagai berikut: Dari suku Yehuda, panglima Adna: 300.000 tentara, panglima Yohanan: 280.000 tentara, Amasia bin Zikhri (yang dengan sukarela telah menyerahkan dirinya kepada TUHAN): 200.000 tentara. Dari suku Benyamin, Elyada: 200.000 orang yang bersenjatakan busur dan perisai, Yozabad: 180.000 orang yang bersenjata untuk berperang. Mereka ditempatkan di Yerusalem dan di kota-kota yang berkubu di seluruh Yehuda.","translated_text":"And of the tribe of Judah, the captain of Adna, three hundred thousand; and of the captain of Johanan, two hundred and eighty thousand; and of Amaziah the son of Zichri, who willingly committed himself to Jehovah, two hundred thousand. Of the tribe of Benjamin, Eliadah, two hundred thousand armed with bows and shields; Jozabad, one hundred and eighty thousand armed for war. And they set them in Jerusalem, and in all the fortified cities of Judah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:13-19}}</ref>","char_index":436,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di Yerusalem Yosafat mengangkat beberapa orang dari antara orang Lewi, dari antara para imam dan dari antara para kepala puak Israel untuk memberi keputusan dalam hal hukum TUHAN dan dalam hal perselisihan. Mereka berkedudukan di Yerusalem. Imam kepala Amarya diangkat sebagai ketua dalam segala perkara ketuhanan dan Zebaja bin Ismael, pemuka kaum Yehuda, dalam segala perkara kerajaan, sedang orang Lewi akan melayani sebagai pengatur.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat appointed in Jerusalem men of the Levites, and of the priests, and of the princes of Israel, to judge in the law of Jehovah, and in the disputes. They were stationed in Jerusalem. And Amariah the high priest was over all the things of God; and Zebaiah the son of Ishmael, the prince of the children of Judah, over all the things of the kingdom; and the Levites were over them.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:5-11}}</ref>","char_index":437,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mereka berkedudukan di Yerusalem. Imam kepala Amarya diangkat sebagai ketua dalam segala perkara ketuhanan dan Zebaja bin Ismael, pemuka kaum Yehuda, dalam segala perkara kerajaan, sedang orang Lewi akan melayani sebagai pengatur. Dengan perkawinan puteranya yang bernama Yoram dengan puteri raja Israel, anak Ahab yang bernama Atalya, maka Yosafat meneguhkan perdamaian dan persahabatan antara kedua kerajaan.","translated_text":"They were stationed in Jerusalem. And Amariah the high priest was over all the things of God; and Zebaiah the son of Ishmael, the prince of the children of Judah, over all the things of the kingdom; and the Levites were over them. And Jehoshaphat made peace and friendship between the two kingdoms, by marrying Jehoram his son with Athaliah the daughter of Ahab the king of Israel.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3}}</ref>","char_index":314,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:2}}</ref>","char_index":335,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 18:1}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:45}}</ref>","char_index":410,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemudian Ahab berkata kepada pengemudi keretanya: \"Putar! Bawa aku keluar dari pertempuran, sebab aku sudah luka.\" Tetapi pertempuran itu bertambah seru pada hari itu, dan raja tetap ditopang berdiri di dalam kereta berhadapan dengan orang Aram itu, sampai ia mati pada waktu matahari terbenam.","translated_text":"Then Ahab said to the driver of his chariot: \"Turn! Bring me out of the battle, for I am wounded\". And the battle was fierce that day; and the king stood in the chariot against the Syrian, until he was dead by the going down of the sun.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 18:2-34}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:1-40}}</ref>","char_index":294,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tetapi pertempuran itu bertambah seru pada hari itu, dan raja tetap ditopang berdiri di dalam kereta berhadapan dengan orang Aram itu, sampai ia mati pada waktu matahari terbenam. Dengan itu semua orang pulang ke rumahnya dan perang berakhir tanpa membawa hasil. Karena persahabatan dengan raja Ahab yang fasik itu, TUHAN menegur Yosafat melalui nabi Yehu bin Hanani.","translated_text":"And the battle was fierce that day; and the king stood in the chariot against the Syrian, until he was dead by the going down of the sun. So everyone goes home and the war ends in vain. And Jehovah rebuked Jehoshaphat because of the wickedness of his friendship with Ahab; and Jehu the son of Hanani the prophet spoke to him.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 19:1-3}}</ref>","char_index":367,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yang mereka rampas itu lebih banyak daripada yang dapat dibawa. Tiga hari lamanya mereka menjarah barang-barang itu, karena begitu banyaknya. Pada hari keempat mereka berkumpul memuji TUHAN di tempat yang kemudian dinamakan Lembah Pujian, karena peristiwa tersebut.","translated_text":"What they plundered was more than they could carry. For three days they plundered them, for they were so great. And on the fourth day they assembled themselves together to praise Jehovah in the place that was called the valley of praise, because of the thing that was done.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:1-30}}</ref>","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yosafat melakukan usaha yang gagal untuk membuka kembali pelayaran Salomo dalam mengadakan perdagangan dengan Ofir. Yosafat membuat kapal-kapal Tarsis untuk pergi ke Ofir mengambil emas, tetapi kapal-kapal itu tidak jadi pergi ke sana, sebab kapal-kapal itu pecah di Ezion-Geber, tempat pembuatannya. Kegagalan ini dianggap karena raja Yosafat bersepakat untuk bekerjasama dengan raja Ahazia anak Ahab, yang fasik, meskipun kemudian Yosafat menolaknya.","translated_text":"Jehoshaphat made an unsuccessful attempt to reopen Solomon's ships in trade with Ophir. And Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they could not go there; for they were broken at Ezion-geber, where he had made them. This failure was attributed to King Jehoshaphat's agreement to cooperate with the wicked king Ahaziah, Ahab's son, although Jehoshaphat later rejected it.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:48-49}}</ref>","char_index":452,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yosafat membuat kapal-kapal Tarsis untuk pergi ke Ofir mengambil emas, tetapi kapal-kapal itu tidak jadi pergi ke sana, sebab kapal-kapal itu pecah di Ezion-Geber, tempat pembuatannya. Kegagalan ini dianggap karena raja Yosafat bersepakat untuk bekerjasama dengan raja Ahazia anak Ahab, yang fasik, meskipun kemudian Yosafat menolaknya. Hal ini sesuai dengan nubuat Eliezer bin Dodawa dari Maresa.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold; but they could not go there; for they were broken at Ezion-geber, where he had made them. This failure was attributed to King Jehoshaphat's agreement to cooperate with the wicked king Ahaziah, Ahab's son, although Jehoshaphat later rejected it. This is according to the prophecy of Eliezer the son of Dodawah of Maresa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:35-37}}</ref>","char_index":397,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika raja Moab melihat, bahwa peperangan itu terlalu berat baginya, diambilnyalah tujuh ratus orang pemegang pedang bersama-sama dia untuk menerobos ke jurusan raja Edom, tetapi tidak berhasil. Kemudian ia mengambil anaknya yang sulung yang akan menjadi raja menggantikan dia, lalu mempersembahkannya sebagai korban bakaran di atas pagar tembok. Tetapi kegusaran (atau ketakutan) besar menimpa orang Israel, sehingga mereka berangkat meninggalkan dia dan pulang ke negeri mereka.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too great for him, that he took seven hundred men with him that bore the sword, to go up against the king of Edom; but they did not succeed. And he took his son, his firstborn, who was to reign in his stead, and offered him up as a burnt-offering upon the wall. But the Israelites were greatly distressed, so they left him and returned to their homeland.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 3:4-27}}</ref>","char_index":481,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemudian ia mengambil anaknya yang sulung yang akan menjadi raja menggantikan dia, lalu mempersembahkannya sebagai korban bakaran di atas pagar tembok. Tetapi kegusaran (atau ketakutan) besar menimpa orang Israel, sehingga mereka berangkat meninggalkan dia dan pulang ke negeri mereka. Beberapa tahun kemudian, setelah Yosafat mati, Mesa berhasil melepaskan diri dari Israel dan menuliskan kemenangannya pada \"Prasasti Mesa\".","translated_text":"And he took his son, his firstborn, who was to reign in his stead, and offered him up as a burnt-offering upon the wall. But the Israelites were greatly distressed, so they left him and returned to their homeland. Some years later, after Jehoshaphat's death, Mesa managed to escape Israel and wrote down his victory in the \"Prastic of Mesa\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref>http://theosophical.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/biblical-archaeology-4-the-moabite-stone-a-k-a-mesha-stele/</ref>","char_index":425,"name":null,"url":"http://theosophical.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/biblical-archaeology-4-the-moabite-stone-a-k-a-mesha-stele/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":99521,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:35.320073-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80078125}]},{"text":"Anak -anak Yosafat adalah Yoram, Azarya, Yehiel, Zakharia, Azariahu, Mikhael dan Sefaca. Yosafat memberikan kepada mereka banyak pemberian, berupa emas dan perak dan barang-barang berharga, juga kota-kota berkubu di Yehuda, tetapi kedudukan raja diberikannya kepada Yoram, karena dialah anak sulungnya.","translated_text":"The child And the sons of Jehoshaphat were Joram, and Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Micael, and Shephaca. And Jehoshaphat gave them many gifts, gold and silver, and precious things, and fortified cities in Judah; but he gave the king's place to Joram, because he was his firstborn.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3}}</ref>","char_index":302,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:1-3","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"William F. Albright menulis masa pemerintahannya 873-849 SM, sementara menurut kronologi Thiele adalah 873-848 SM, dimana sampai tahun 870 SM ia menjadi \"raja bersama\" dengan Asa, ayahnya, yang selama itu menderita sakit parah di bagian kakinya.","translated_text":"William F. Albright wrote of his reign 873-849 B.C., while according to Thiele's chronology it was 873-848 B.C., whereby until 870 B.C. he became \"co-king\" with Asa, his father, who during that time suffered severe pain in his leg.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":245,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut kronologi Thiele, Yosafat diangkat menjadi raja bersama dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM dan ketika ayahnya mati, ia menjadi raja sendirian pada tahun ke-4 pemerintahan raja Ahab (1 Raja-raja 22:41) pada tahun 870 SM dan mati pada tahun 848 SM setelah menjadi raja 25 tahun lamanya (sejak menjadi \"raja bersama\"). Pada tahun ke-17 pemerintahan tunggalnya (853 SM), raja Ahab dari Kerajaan Israel Utara mati, digantikan oleh Ahazia. Pada saat yang hampir bersamaan, Yosafat mulai mengangkat anaknya, Yoram, menjadi raja bersama-sama dengan dia sebagai persiapan pergantian tahta.","translated_text":"According to Thiele's chronology, Jehoshaphat was crowned king along with his father since September 873 B.C.E. and when his father died, he became king alone in the 4th year of king Ahab's reign (1 Kings 22:41) in 870 B.C.E. and died in 848 B.C.E. after being king for 25 years (since becoming \"co-king\"). In the 17th year of his sole reign (853 B.C.E.), King Ahab of the Northern Kingdom of Israel died and was succeeded by Ahaziah. At about the same time, Jehoshaphat began to appoint his son, Jehoram, to be king with him in preparation for his succession.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 1:17}}</ref>","char_index":591,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut perhitungan waktu pemerintahan raja Asa, maka tahun-tahun kehidupan Yosafat dapat dihitung sejak berdirinya Kerajaan Yehuda (mulai dari pecahnya Kerajaan Israel pada tahun 931 SM). Tahun ke-24 (tahun ke-3 Asa): Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa.","translated_text":"According to the reign of King Asa, the years of Jehoshaphat's life can be counted from the founding of the Kingdom of Judah (starting with the breakup of the Kingdom of Israel in 931 B.C.E.). The twenty-fourth year (the third year of Asa): Jehoshaphat was born to Azuba the son of Shilhi, Asa's son.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj22_42\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>","char_index":269,"name":"1Raj22_42","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun ke-24 (tahun ke-3 Asa): Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa. Tahun ke-49 (tahun ke-28 Asa, Yosafat 25 tahun): Yoram, putra sulung Yosafat, dilahirkan.","translated_text":"The twenty-fourth year (the third year of Asa): Jehoshaphat was born to Azuba the son of Shilhi, Asa's son. In the forty-ninth year (the twenty-eighth year of Asa, Jehoshaphat twenty-five years): And Jehoram the firstborn of Jehoshaphat was born.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:17}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 21:3,5}}</ref>","char_index":170,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(873 SM). Tahun ke-62 (tahun ke-41 Asa, tahun ke-3 Yosafat, tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan Yosafat menggantikannya menjadi raja.","translated_text":"(873 B.C.) in the sixty-second year (the forty-first year of Asa, the third year of Jehoshaphat, the fourth year of Ahab): Asa died, and Jehoshaphat succeeded him as king.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:13}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:1}}</ref>","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun ke-62 (tahun ke-41 Asa, tahun ke-3 Yosafat, tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan Yosafat menggantikannya menjadi raja. (September 870 SM - April 869 SM) Yosafat memerintahkan pengajaran Taurat Tuhan bagi rakyat di kerajaan Yehuda.","translated_text":"in the sixty-second year (the forty-first year of Asa, the third year of Jehoshaphat, the fourth year of Ahab): Asa died, and Jehoshaphat succeeded him as king. (September 870 B.C.E. - April 869 B.C.E.) Jehoshaphat commanded the teaching of God's Law to the people of the kingdom of Judah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":152,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 17:7-9","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(September 870 SM - April 869 SM) Yosafat memerintahkan pengajaran Taurat Tuhan bagi rakyat di kerajaan Yehuda. Tahun ke-67 (tahun ke-8 Yosafat, Yoram 18 tahun): Ahazia, putra bungsu Yoram bin Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Atalya, putri Ahab bin Omri, bagi Yoram.","translated_text":"(September 870 B.C.E. - April 869 B.C.E.) Jehoshaphat commanded the teaching of God's Law to the people of the kingdom of Judah. In the sixty-seventh year (the eighth year of Jehoshaphat, and Joram was eighteen years old): And Ahaziah the youngest son of Joram the son of Jehoshaphat, was born to Joram by Athaliah the daughter of Ahab the son of Omri.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:25}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:1}}</ref>","char_index":211,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:26}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 22:2}}</ref>","char_index":257,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ahazia, putra bungsu Yoram bin Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Atalya, putri Ahab bin Omri, bagi Yoram. Tahun ke-76 (tahun ke-17 Yosafat, tahun ke-21 Ahab): Ahab mati dan Ahazia putranya menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel.","translated_text":"And Ahaziah the youngest son of Joram the son of Jehoshaphat, was born to Joram by Athaliah the daughter of Ahab the son of Omri. in the seventy-sixth year (the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat, the twenty-first year of Ahab): And Ahab died, and Ahaziah his son reigned in Samaria in his stead.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:52}}</ref>","char_index":231,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ahab mati dan Ahazia putranya menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel. Tahun ke-77 (tahun ke-18 Yosafat, tahun ke-2 Ahazia raja Israel): Ahazia raja Israel mati dan saudara laki-lakinya, Yoram, anak Ahab, menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel.","translated_text":"And Ahab died, and Ahaziah his son reigned in Samaria in his stead. In the seventy-seventh year (the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat, the second year of Ahaziah king of Israel): And Ahaziah king of Israel died; and Jehoram the son of Ahab his brother reigned in Samaria in his stead.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 3:1}}</ref>","char_index":269,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ahazia raja Israel mati dan saudara laki-lakinya, Yoram, anak Ahab, menggantikannya menjadi raja di Samaria atas Israel. Tahun ke-82 (tahun ke-23 Yosafat, tahun ke-5 Yoram raja Israel): Yoram anak Yosafat menjadi raja bersama ayahnya atas Kerajaan Yehuda.","translated_text":"And Ahaziah king of Israel died; and Jehoram the son of Ahab his brother reigned in Samaria in his stead. in the eighty-second year, the twenty-third year of Jehoshaphat, the fifth year of Joram king of Israel: And Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat reigned with his father in the kingdom of Judah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 8:16}}</ref>","char_index":255,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yoram anak Yosafat menjadi raja bersama ayahnya atas Kerajaan Yehuda. Tahun ke-84 (tahun ke-25 Yosafat, tahun ke-7 Yoram raja Israel, tahun ke-3 Yoram raja Yehuda): Yosafat mati dalam usia 60 tahun, pada saat Yoram putranya sudah menjabat sebagai raja Yehuda.","translated_text":"And Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat reigned with his father in the kingdom of Judah. in the eighty-fourth year, in the twenty-fifth year of Jehoshaphat, in the seventh year of Joram king of Israel, in the third year of Joram king of Judah: And Jehoshaphat died at the age of sixty years; and Jehoram his son reigned in Judah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj22_42\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"1Raj22_42","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun ke-84 (tahun ke-25 Yosafat, tahun ke-7 Yoram raja Israel, tahun ke-3 Yoram raja Yehuda): Yosafat mati dalam usia 60 tahun, pada saat Yoram putranya sudah menjabat sebagai raja Yehuda. (April - September 848 SM)","translated_text":"in the eighty-fourth year, in the twenty-fifth year of Jehoshaphat, in the seventh year of Joram king of Israel, in the third year of Joram king of Judah: And Jehoshaphat died at the age of sixty years; and Jehoram his son reigned in Judah. (April to September 848 B.C.E.)","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":216,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Bahasa Okinawa","wikicode":"{{About|bahasa asli yang dituturkan oleh Suku Ryukyu|bahasa Jepang yang dituturkan secara umum di Prefektur Okinawa|Bahasa Jepang Okinawa}}\n{{Infobox Language\n | name              = Okinawa\n | altname           = Okinawa Selatan\n | nativename        = {{lang|ryu|沖縄口}}, ''{{lang|ryu-Latn|Uchinaaguchi}}''\n | pronunciation     = {{IPA-all|ʔut͡ɕinaːɡut͡ɕi}}\n | familycolor       = Altaic <!-- hanya warna kotak info, tetapi bukan bagian dari Altaik yang sangat diperdebatkan -->\n | states            = [[Jepang]]\n | region            = [[Pulau Okinawa]], [[Prefektur Okinawa]]\n | speakers          = 950.000<ref name=\"okinawan-endangered\">[https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5354 Okinawan], ''[[Endangered Languages Project]]''. Akses: 22 Agustus 2023.</ref>\n | date              = 2011 \n | ref               = e18\n | fam1              = [[Rumpun bahasa Japonik|Japonik]]\n | fam2              = [[Rumpun bahasa Japonik Kepulauan|Japonik Kepulauan]]\n | fam3              = [[Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu|Ryukyu]]\n | fam4              = [[Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu Utara|Ryukyu Utara]]\n | fam5              = \n | ancestor          = [[Bahasa Proto-Japonik|Proto-Japonik]]\n | ancestor2         = Proto-Japonik Kepulauan\n | ancestor3         = [[Bahasa Proto-Ryukyu|Proto-Ryukyu]] \n | ancestor4         = [[Bahasa Okinawa Kuno|Okinawa Kuno]]\n | ancestor5         = [[Bahasa Okinawa Pertengahan|Okinawa Pertengahan]]\n | ancestor6         = \n | glotto            = cent2126\n | glottorefname     = Central Okinawan\n | iso3              = ryu\n | lingua            = 45-CAC-ai<br />45-CAC-aj<br />45-CAC-ak{{sfn|Mimizun.com|2005|loc=Comment #658 – '''45-CAC-ai''' comprises most of Central Okinawa, including [[Shuri, Okinawa|Shuri]] ([[Naha, Okinawa|Naha]]), [[Ginowan, Okinawa|Ginowan]] and [[Nishihara, Okinawa|Nishihara]]; '''45-CAC-aj''' comprises the southern tip of Okinawa Island, including [[Itoman, Okinawa|Itoman]], Mabuni and Takamine; '''45-CAC-ak''' encompasses the region west of Okinawa Island, including the [[Kerama Islands]], [[Kumejima, Okinawa|Kumejima]] and [[Aguni, Okinawa|Aguni]]}}\n | script            = [[Sistem penulisan Okinawa]], [[Sistem penulisan bahasa Jepang]] ([[Kanji]] dan [[Kana]])\n | map               = [[Berkas:Boundaries of the Okinawan Languages.svg|pus|250px|tepi]]\n{{legend|#0000FF|Bahasa Okinawa Utara ([[Bahasa Kunigami|Kunigami]])}}\n{{legend|#FF0000|[[Bahasa Okinawa|Bahasa Okinawa Selatan]] (Shuri-Naha)}}\n | notice            = IPA\n}}\n\n'''Bahasa Okinawa''' (ウチナーグチ, 沖縄口 ''uchinaguchi'', {{IPA-all|ʔutɕinaːɡutɕi|}}) adalah suatu [[Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu Utara|bahasa Ryukyu Utara]] yang dituturkan di tengah dan selatan [[Pulau Okinawa]], [[Jepang]], serta pulau-pulau di sekelilingnya seperti [[Kepulauan Kerama]], [[Pulau Kumejima]], [[Tonaki, Okinawa|Tonaki]], [[Aguni, Okinawa|Aguni]], [[Hamahigajima]], [[Henzajima]], [[Miyagijima]], dan [[Ikeijima]].\n\nBahasa ini memiliki dua dialek utama: dialek tengah (disebut juga dialek baku atau dialek [[Shuri, Okinawa|Shuri]]-[[Naha]]) dan dialek selatan. Dialek Shuri telah dibakukan sejak [[abad ke-15]] semasa [[Kerajaan Ryukyu]] berada di bawah pemerintahan Raja [[Shō Shin]] (1477-1526). Dialek Shuri waktu itu dipakai sebagai [[bahasa resmi]] dan [[bahasa sastra]] Kerajaan Ryukyu.<ref name=kaplan>{{cite book|title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters,|last=Kaplan|first=Robert B.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2008|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref> Semua lagu-lagu dan puisi yang berasal dari zaman Kerajaan Ryukyu ditulis dalam dialek Shuri.\n\nBahasa ini juga disebut '''Okinawa Selatan''' untuk membedakan dengan [[bahasa Kunigami]] yang juga disebut Okinawa Utara, tetapi biasanya dianggap sebagai bahasa yang terpisah dari bahasa Okinawa Selatan. [[Bahasa Jepang Okinawa|Bahasa Jepang dialek Okinawa]] mengacu kepada ''Uchinā Yamatoguchi'' (ウチナーヤマトグチ) yang juga sangat berbeda dari bahasa Okinawa.\n\n== Sejarah ==\nSetelah Kerajaan Ryukyu dibubarkan dan dijadikan [[Prefektur Okinawa]] pada tahun [[1897]], Pemerintah Jepang mewajibkan penggunaan \"bahasa Jepang baku\" terhadap orang-orang Okinawa.<ref name=kaplan /> Bahasa Jepang dijadikan [[bahasa pengantar]] di sekolah dan bahasa Okinawa dilarang dipakai. Di sekolah-sekolah umum, murid dilarang bercakap-cakap memakai bahasa Okinawa. Murid yang bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Okinawa menerima hukuman berupa papan kayu kecil (''hōgen fuda'') yang harus digantung di leher.<ref name=nakasone>{{cite book|title=Okinawan diaspora|last=Nakasone|first=Ronald Y.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2002|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=KirIeYfhZukC|isbn=0-8248-2530-6|page=ix|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref> Papan tersebut baru dapat dilepas bila ada murid lain yang menerima hukuman yang sama.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language and society in Japan: Contemporary Japanese society|last=Gottlieb|first=Nanette|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NJ3uIXixGqQC|isbn=0-5215-3284-1|page=25|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>\n\nDialek Shuri yang dulunya adalah ''lingua franca'' di Pulau Okinawa akhirnya semakin terkikis dan jumlah penutur asli dialek lokal terus berkurang di seluruh wilayah Ryukyu, terutama di pulau utama Okinawa. Meskipun demikian, berbagai dialek Ryukyu lainnya tetap mempertahankan sebagian besar ciri khas [[fonologi]], [[sintaksis]], dan [[leksikal]] [[bahasa Jepang Klasik]].<ref name=shibatani />\n\n== Fonologi ==\n=== Vokal ===\nBahasa Okinawa mengenal tiga vokal pendek, {{IPA|/a i u/}}, dan lima vokal panjang, {{IPA|/aː eː iː oː uː/}}. Perhatikan perbedaan dengan [[bahasa Jepang]], {{IPA|/u/}} dalam bahasa Okinawa diucapkan dengan bentuk bibir bulat.\n\n=== Konsonan ===\n{|border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\"margin: auto; border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf; font-size: x-small; vertical-align: top;\"\n!\n! [[Konsonan dwibibir|Dwibibir]]\n! colspan=\"2\" |[[Konsonan alveolar|Alveolar]]\n! [[Konsonan alveolo-palatal|Alveolo-palatal]]\n! [[Konsonan langit-langit|Langit-langit]]\n! [[Konsonan langit-langit belakang|Langit-langit belakang]]\n! [[Konsonan uvular|Uvular]]\n! [[Konsonan glotal|Glotal]]\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan sengau|Sengau]]\n| {{IPA|m}}\n| colspan=\"2\" |{{IPA|n}}\n|\n|\n|\n| {{IPA|ɴ}}\n|\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan letup|Letup]]\n| {{IPA|p b}}\n| {{IPA|t}}\n|rowspan=\"2\" |{{IPA|d}}/{{IPA|ɾ}}\n| {{IPA|t͡ɕ d͡ʑ}}\n|\n| {{IPA|k ɡ}}\n|\n| {{IPA|ʔ}}\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan sentuhan|Sentuhan]]\n|\n| \n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan frikatif|Frikatif]]\n| ({{IPA|ɸ}})\n| colspan=\"2\" |{{IPA|s}}\n| ({{IPA|ɕ}})\n| ({{IPA|ç}})\n|\n|\n| {{IPA|h}}\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan malaran tak bergeser|Malaran tak bergeser]]\n|\n|colspan=\"2\" |\n|\n| {{IPA|j}}\n| {{IPA|w}}\n|\n|\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan malaran tak bergeser|Malaran tak bergeser]] [[laringal]] <!--this description doesn't make sense.  It looks more like a glottal stop+semivowel cluster-->\n|\n|colspan=\"2\" |\n|\n| {{IPA|ʔj}}\n| {{IPA|ʔw}}\n|\n|\n|}\n\n=== Silabogram ===\n(Secara teknis, daftar berikut ini bukan daftar [[suku kata]] melainkan daftar [[mora (linguistik)|mora]])\n\n{| border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" class=\"IPA\" style=\"margin: auto; border: 1px solid #88a; text-align: center;\"\n|-\n| 'i || 'e || 'a || 'o || 'u || 'ya || 'yo || 'yu ||  ―  || 'wa || 'n\n|- style=\"vertical-align: top;\"\n| {{IPA|[ʔi]}} || {{IPA|[ʔe]}} || {{IPA|[ʔa]}} || {{IPA|[ʔo]}} || {{IPA|[ʔu]}} || {{IPA|[ʔja]}} || {{IPA|[ʔjo]}} || {{IPA|[ʔju]}} ||    || {{IPA|[ʔwa]}} || {{IPA|[ʔn]}}<br />{{IPA|[ʔm]}}\n|-\n| i || e || a || o || u || ya || yo || yu || we || wa || n\n|- style=\"vertical-align: top;\"\n| {{IPA|[i]}}<br />{{IPA|[ji]}} || {{IPA|[e]}}<br />{{IPA|[je]}} || {{IPA|[a]}} || {{IPA|[o]}}<br />{{IPA|[wo]}} || {{IPA|[u]}}<br />{{IPA|[wu]}} || {{IPA|[ja]}} || {{IPA|[jo]}} || {{IPA|[ju]}} || {{IPA|[we]}} || {{IPA|[wa] }} || {{IPA|[n]}}<br />{{IPA|[m]}}<br />{{IPA|[ŋ]}}<br />{{IPA|[ɴ]}}\n|-\n| hi || he || ha || ho || fu || hya || hyo || hyu ||  ―  || fa ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[çi]}} || {{IPA|[çe]}} || {{IPA|[ha]}} || {{IPA|[ho]}} || {{IPA|[ɸu]}} || {{IPA|[ça]}} || {{IPA|[ço]}} || {{IPA|[çu]}} ||   ―  || {{IPA|[ɸa]}}\n|-\n| gi || ge || ga || go || gu || gya ||  ―  ||  ―  || gwe || gwa ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɡi]}} || {{IPA|[ɡe]}} || {{IPA|[ɡa]}} || {{IPA|[ɡo]}} || {{IPA|[ɡu]}} || {{IPA|[ɡja]}} ||   ―  ||   ―  || {{IPA|[ɡʷe]}} || {{IPA|[ɡʷa]}} ||\n|-\n| ki || ke || ka || ko || ku || kya ||  ―  ||  ―  || kwe || kwa ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ki]}} || {{IPA|[ke]}} || {{IPA|[ka]}} || {{IPA|[ko]}} || {{IPA|[ku]}} || {{IPA|[kja]}} ||   ―  ||   ―  || {{IPA|[kʷe]}} || {{IPA|[kʷa]}} ||\n|-\n| chi || che || cha || cho || chu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕe]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕa]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕo]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕu]}} ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| ji || je || ja || jo || ju ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[d͡ʑi]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑe]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑa]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑo]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑu]}} ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| shi || she || sa || so || su || sha ||  ―  || shu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɕi]}} || {{IPA|[ɕe]}} || {{IPA|[sa]}} || {{IPA|[so]}} || {{IPA|[su]}} || {{IPA|[ɕa]}} ||   ―  || {{IPA|[ɕu]}} ||   ―  ||   ―  ||\n|-\n| di || de || da || do || du\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| ri || re || ra || ro || ru\n|-\n| {{IPA|[di]}} || {{IPA|[de]}} || {{IPA|[da]}} || {{IPA|[do]}} || {{IPA|[du]}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɾi]}} || {{IPA|[ɾe]}} || {{IPA|[ɾa]}} || {{IPA|[ɾo]}} || {{IPA|[ɾu]}}\n|-\n| ti || te || ta || to || tu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ti]}} || {{IPA|[te]}} || {{IPA|[ta]}} || {{IPA|[to]}} || {{IPA|[tu]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|-\n| mi || me || ma || mo || mu || mya || myo ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[mi]}} || {{IPA|[me]}} || {{IPA|[ma]}} || {{IPA|[mo]}} || {{IPA|[mu]}} || {{IPA|[mja]}} || {{IPA|[mjo]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|-\n| bi || be || ba || bo || bu || bya || byo || byu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[bi]}} || {{IPA|[be]}} || {{IPA|[ba]}} || {{IPA|[bo]}} || {{IPA|[bu]}} || {{IPA|[bja]}} || {{IPA|[bjo]}} || {{IPA|[bju]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|-\n| pi || pe || pa || po || pu || pya ||  ―  || pyu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[pi]}} || {{IPA|[pe]}} || {{IPA|[pa]}} || {{IPA|[po]}} || {{IPA|[pu]}} || {{IPA|[pja]}} ||   ―   || {{IPA|[pju]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|}\nTabel di atas adalah modifikasi dari sistem alih aksara asli seperti yang dipakai dalam ''Okinawago jiten'' (Kamus Bahasa Okinawa, terbit pertama kali tahun 1963) mengikuti [[alih aksara Hepburn]] yang sekarang ini lebih populer. Perbedaannya dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini:\n{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\" border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 650px;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! IPA\n! Okinawago jiten\n! Hepburn\n! Catatan\n|-\n| {{IPA|[j]}} \n| j\n| y\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɸu]}} \n| hu\n| fu\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɸa]}} \n| hwa\n| fa\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ʔ]}} \n| ʔ\n| \n| style=\"text-align: left;\"| Dalam bahasa Jepang baku tidak ada alih aksara standar untuk [[hamzah]]. Sebagian pengarang memilih untuk menghilangkan tanda hamzah, sementara pengarang lain mungkin menggunakan apostrof (').\n|-\n| {{IPA|[d͡ʑ~ʑ]}} \n| z\n| j\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕ]}} \n| c\n| ch\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɕ]}} \n| s, sj\n| sh\n|\n|-\n| [[Mora (linguistik)|Mora]] {{IPA|/ɴ/}}\n| ɴ\n| n\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ː]}} \n| style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\" | e\n| ¯\n| style=\"text-align: left;\"| Sebagian pengarang mungkin menggunakan vokal rangkap dan bukan tanda [[makron]] di atas huruf vokal, misalnya: ''mii'', dan bukan ''mī'' atau ''mi<font style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">e</font>''.\n|-\n| [[Geminasi]] \n| style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\" | q\n| Konsonan rangkap\n|\n|}\n\n=== Perbandingan dengan bahasa Jepang ===\n{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\"margin: auto; border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! Bahasa Jepang\n! Bahasa Okinawa\n! Catatan\n|-\n| {{IPA|/e/}}\n| {{IPA|/i/}}\n| {{IPA|[ti]}} bukan {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/o/}}\n| {{IPA|/u/}}\n| {{IPA|[tu]}} bukan {{IPA|[tsu]}}, {{IPA|[du]}} bukan {{IPA|[dzu]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ai/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{IPA|/eː/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ae/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/au/}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | {{IPA|/oː/}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ao/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/aja/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/k/}}\n| {{IPA|/k/}}\n| {{IPA|/ɡ/}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ka/}}\n| {{IPA|/ka/}}\n| {{IPA|/ha/}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ki/}}\n| {{IPA|/t͡ɕi/}}\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ku/}}\n| {{IPA|/ku/}}\n| {{IPA|/hu/}}, {{IPA|[ɸu]}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/si/}}\n| {{IPA|/si/}}\n| {{IPA|/hi/}}, {{IPA|[çi]}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/su/}}\n| {{IPA|/si/}}\n| {{IPA|[ɕi]}}; dulunya dibedakan sebagai [si]<br />dan kadang-kadang /hi/ [çi] \n|-\n| {{IPA|/tu/}}\n| {{IPA|/t͡ɕi/}}\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}}; dulunya dibedakan sebagai {{IPA|[tsi]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/da/}}\n| {{IPA|/ra/}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | {{IPA|[d]}} dan {{IPA|[ɾ]}} sudah disatukan\n|-\n| {{IPA|/de/}}\n| {{IPA|/ri/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/do/}}\n| {{IPA|/ru/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ni/}}\n| {{IPA|/ni/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Mora {{IPA|/ɴ/}} (kadang-kadang)\n|-\n| {{IPA|/nu/}}\n| {{IPA|/nu/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ha/}}\n| {{IPA|/hwa/}}\n| {{IPA|/pa/}} kadang-kadang, tetapi jarang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/hi/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{IPA|/pi/}} ~ {{IPA|/hi/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|/he/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/mi/}}\n| {{IPA|/mi/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Mora {{IPA|/ɴ/}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/mu/}}\n| {{IPA|/mu/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ri/}}\n| {{IPA|/i/}}\n| {{IPA|/iri/}} tak terpengaruh\n|-\n| {{IPA|/wa/}}\n| {{IPA|/wa/}}\n| Cenderung diucapkan sebagai {{IPA|/a/}}\n|}\n\n== Tata bahasa ==\nBahasa Okinawa mempertahankan sejumlah ciri khas tata bahasa [[bahasa Jepang Klasik]], di antaranya pembedaan antara bentuk konklusif (''shūshikei'', {{lang|ja|終止形}}) dan bentuk atributif (''rentaikei'', {{lang|ja|連体形}}), ''ga'' ({{lang|ja|が}}) untuk menunjukkan fungsi genitif/kemilikan (hilang dalam dialek Shuri<ref name=shibatani />), ''nu'' {{lang|ja|ぬ}} (bahasa Jepang: {{lang|ja|の}} ''no'') untuk fungsi nominatif.<!--as well as honorific/plain distribution of ''ga'' and ''nu'' in nominative use.-->\n\n{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\"margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; float: right; border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! colspan=\"5\" | {{lang|ja|書く}} ''kaku''<br />''menulis''<ref name=shibatani>{{cite book|title=The Languages of Japan|last=Shibatani|first=Masayoshi|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=|isbn=0-5213-6918-5|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=sD-MFTUiPYgC|page=195}}</ref>\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |\n! colspan=\"2\" | Jepang klasik\n! Shuri\n|-\n! Irealis\n! {{lang|ja|未然形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書か}}\n| kaka-\n| kaka-\n|-\n! Kontinuatif\n! {{lang|ja|連用形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書き}}\n| kaki-\n| kachi-\n|-\n! Konklusif\n! {{lang|ja|終止形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書く}}\n| kaku\n| kachun\n|-\n! Atributif\n! {{lang|ja|連体形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書く}}\n| kaku\n| kachuru\n|-\n! Realis\n! {{lang|ja|已然形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書け}}\n| kake-\n| kaki-\n|-\n! Imperatif\n! {{lang|ja|命令形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書け}}\n| kake\n| kaki\n|}\nSalah satu asal usul akhiran ''-un'' and ''-uru'' adalah bentuk kontinuatif yang berakhiran dengan kata ''uri'' (bahasa Jepang Klasik: {{lang|ja|居り}} ''wori'', ''ada''); ''-un'' berasal dari bentuk konklusif ''uri''; ''-uru'' berasal dari bentuk atributif ''uru'', misalnya:\n* ''kachuru'' berasal dari kata ''kachi-uru'';\n* ''kachun'' berasal dari kata ''kachi-uri''; dan\n* ''yumun'' (bahasa Jepang: {{lang|ja|読む}} ''yomu'', ''membaca'') berasal dari kata ''yumi'' + ''uri''.\n\nEtimologi yang sama juga berlaku untuk verba konklusif ''-san'' dan verba atributif ''-saru'') di belakang kata sifat. Kata dasar yang diakhiri dengan ''-sa'' {{lang|ja|さ}} berubah menjadi kata benda; asalnya dari akhiran ''ari'' ({{lang|ja|有り}}, ''ada'') dalam bahasa Jepang Klasik, misalnya:\n* ''takasan'' (bahasa Jepang: {{lang|ja|高い}} ''takai'', ''tinggi'') berasal dari kata ''taka-sa-ari'';\n* ''achisan'' (bahasa Jepang: {{lang|ja|暑い}} ''atsui'', ''panasnya musim panas'') berasal dari kata ''atsu-sa-ari''; dan\n* ''yutasaru'' (''nyaman; senang'') berasal dari kata ''yuta-sa-aru''.\n\n== Partikel ==\n=== bikee/biken ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | びけーん\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Arti: ''hanya, cuma, semata-mata''<br /> Untuk kata kerja digunakan partikel ''uppi''\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''rōmaji bikeen''' nu shumuchi''\n'''ローマ字びけーん'''ぬ書物。\n| Buku yang hanya bertuliskan huruf Latin.\n|-\n| Verba (sengaja)\n| '''''Ninjibusharu uppi''' nindin sumabiin.''\n'''寝んじ欲しゃるうっぴ'''寝んでぃん済まびいん。\n| Kamu dapat tidur '''selama yang kamu ingini'''\n|}\n\n=== wutooti/wuti ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | をぅてぃ・をぅとーてぃ\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Partikel yang menunjukkan tempat (lokasi) seperti halnya partikel ''de'' (で) dalam bahasa Jepang<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina: tempat\n|  '''''Kuma wutooti''' yukwibushan.''\n'''くまをぅとーてぃ'''憩ぃ欲しゃん。''\n| Aku mau beristirahat '''di sini'''.\n|}\n\n=== nkai ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | んかい\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai kata depan untuk menandai arah atau tujuan: ''ke'' atau ''di''<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina: [[Kasus ilatif|arah/tujuan]]\n| '''''Uchinaa nkai''' mensooree!''\n'''沖縄んかい'''めんそーれー!\n| Selamat datang di '''Okinawa'''!\n|}\n\n=== atai ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | あたい\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''sebanyak itu''\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina: untuk nomina digunakan '''''yaka''''':\n| '''''Ari yaka''' nihongo nu jouuji ya aran.''\n'''彼やか'''日本語ぬ上手やあらん。\n| Bahasa Jepang saya tidak '''sebagus dia.'''\n|-\n| Kata sifat<sup>*</sup>\n| '''''Hayai hodo''' ii.''\n'''早いほど'''いい。\n| '''Makin cepat''', makin baik\n|-\n| Verba\n| ''Unu tatimunoo '''umuyuru atai''' takakooneeyabiran''\nうぬ建物ー'''思ゆるあたい'''高こーねーやびらん。\n| Gedung itu tidak '''setinggi yang kau bayangkan'''.\n|-\n|}\n\n=== saani/saai/sshi ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | さーに・さーい・っし\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Dipakai untuk menunjukkan cara melaksanakan sesuatu. Serupa dengan ''de'' で dalam bahasa Jepang. Ketiga partikel ini (''saani/saai/sshi'') dapat saling dipertukarkan.<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''basusshi''' ichabira.''\n'''バスっし'''行ちゃびら。\n| Mari pergi '''dengan bus'''.\n|-\n| Nomina: tempat\n| '''''Uchinaaguchisaani''' tigami kachan.''\n'''うちなあぐちさーに'''手紙書ちゃん。\n| Saya menulis surat '''dalam''' bahasa Okinawa.\n|}\n\n=== kuru/guru ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | くる・ぐる (頃)\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''sekitar, kira-kira''.<br />''Kuru'' berfungsi sebagai kata benda dan dapat diikuti dengan ''nu''.\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''San-ji guru''' nkai ichabira.''\n'''三時ぐる'''んかい行ち会びら。\n| Mari bertemu '''sekitar jam 3'''.\n|}\n\n=== kuree/guree ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | くれー・ぐれー (位)\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''sekitar, kira-kira''.<br />''Kuree'' berfungsi sebagai kata benda, dan dapat diikuti oleh [[ぬ]] (''nu'')\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''Juppun kuree''' kakayun''\n'''十分くれー'''かかゆん。\n| Itu perlu '''kira-kira 10 menit'''.\n|}\n\n==== yatin ====\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | やてぃん\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''atau, bahkan, tetapi, namun, juga di\"<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina, partikel: ''bahkan''\n| '''''Uchuu kara yatin''' manri-no-Choojoo nu miiyun.''\n'''宇宙からやてぃん'''万里ぬ長城ぬ見ーゆん。 \n| '''Bahkan dari luar angkasa''' Anda dapat melihat Tembok Cina.\n|-\n| Nomina: \"juga di\"\n| '''''Nihon yatin''' inchirii-n guchi binchoosun''\n'''日本やてぃん'''いんちりーん口を勉強すん。\n| '''Juga di Jepang''', kami belajar bahasa Inggris.\n|-\n| Awal frasa untuk menunjukkan: ''namun, meskipun demikian, walaupun\". Dalam hal ini, kata ''yashiga'' lebih lazim digunakan\n| '''''yashiga''', wannee an umuran''\n'''やしが'''、我んねーあん思らん。\n| '''Tapi''' aku tidak sependapat.\n|}\n\n=== madi ===\n{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | までぃ (迄)\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: \"hingga, sampai\"<br /> Menunjukkan waktu atau tempat sebagai batasan.\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina (khususnya tempat atau waktu)\n| ''Kunu densha-a, '''Shu-i madi''' ichabiin.''\nくぬ電車あ、'''首里までぃ'''行ちゃびーん。\n| Kereta ini pergi '''hingga sampai Shuri'''.\n|-\n| Verba\n| '''''Keeru madi''' machooibiin.''\n'''帰るまでぃ'''待ちょーいびーん。\n| Aku akan menunggu '''sampai kamu pulang ke rumah'''.\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Incubator|code= ryu/Main Page}}\n{{WikisourceWiki|うちなーぐち}}\n* [http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/outline.html Kamus Dialek Shuri-Naha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831072105/http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/outline.html |date=2018-08-31 }}\n* {{en}} [http://japanfocus.org/-Fija-Bairon/2586 “Wanne Uchinanchu – I am Okinawan.” Japan, the US and Okinawa’s Endangered Languages]\n* {{en}} [http://www.okinawabbtv.com/international/uchinaguchi/index.html Video belajar bahasa Okinawa]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* {{ja}} [http://www4.vc-net.ne.jp/~yukikun/okinawa/language.html Belajar bahasa Okinawa]\n\n{{Rumpun bahasa Japonik}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Okinawa, bahasa}}\n[[Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu]]\n[[Kategori:Bahasa terancam punah]]","hash":"2986afaeadc56ca9e9554f5ba5b191f2e9a158ae0d09a77343f6af658d99aca5","last_revision":"2023-08-22T14:46:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:01:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.585630","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"لغة أوكيناوا","ast":"Idioma okinawense","bar":"Okinawa Sproch","bo":"ཨོ་ཀི་ན་ལྦའི་སྐད།","br":"Okinaweg","ca":"Llengua d'Okinawa","cdo":"Chṳ̆ng-sìng-ngṳ̄","cs":"Okinawština","en":"Okinawan language","eo":"Okinava lingvo","es":"Idioma okinawense","et":"Kesk-Okinawa keel","fa":"زبان اوکیناوایی","fi":"Okinawan kieli","fr":"Okinawaïen","gd":"Uidsianàguidsidh","gl":"Lingua okinawana","gn":"Okinaguañe'ẽ","haw":"ʻŌlelo Okinawa","hr":"Okinavski jezik","hu":"Okinavai nyelv","ia":"Lingua okinawan","iba":"Jaku Okinawa","it":"Lingua di Okinawa","ja":"沖縄語","kge":"Bahasa Okinawa","ko":"오키나와어","lt":"Okinavų kalba","mg":"Fiteny ôkinaoaiana","ms":"Bahasa Okinawa","nl":"Okinawaans","nb":"Okinawa (språk)","oc":"Oquinavan","pl":"Język okinawski","pms":"Lenga okinawan, sentral","pt":"Língua oquinauana","ru":"Окинавский язык","sc":"Limba de Okinawa","si":"ඔකිනවා භාෂාව","simple":"Okinawan language","sr":"Окинавски језик","sv":"Okinawianska","th":"ภาษาโอกินาวะ","tr":"Okinawaca","uk":"Окінавська мова","vi":"Tiếng Okinawa","zh":"沖繩語","zh-classical":"沖繩語","zh-min-nan":"Okinawa-gí","zh-yue":"沖繩話"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Bahasa Okinawa (ウチナーグチ, 沖縄口 uchinaguchi, ) adalah suatu bahasa Ryukyu Utara yang dituturkan di tengah dan selatan Pulau Okinawa, Jepang, serta pulau-pulau di sekelilingnya seperti Kepulauan Kerama, Pulau Kumejima, Tonaki, Aguni, Hamahigajima, Henzajima, Miyagijima, dan Ikeijima.\n\nBahasa ini memiliki dua dialek utama: dialek tengah (disebut juga dialek baku atau dialek Shuri-Naha) dan dialek selatan. Dialek Shuri telah dibakukan sejak abad ke-15 semasa Kerajaan Ryukyu berada di bawah pemerintahan Raja Shō Shin (1477-1526). Dialek Shuri waktu itu dipakai sebagai bahasa resmi dan bahasa sastra Kerajaan Ryukyu. Semua lagu-lagu dan puisi yang berasal dari zaman Kerajaan Ryukyu ditulis dalam dialek Shuri.\n\nBahasa ini juga disebut Okinawa Selatan untuk membedakan dengan bahasa Kunigami yang juga disebut Okinawa Utara, tetapi biasanya dianggap sebagai bahasa yang terpisah dari bahasa Okinawa Selatan. Bahasa Jepang dialek Okinawa mengacu kepada Uchinā Yamatoguchi (ウチナーヤマトグチ) yang juga sangat berbeda dari bahasa Okinawa.\n\nSetelah Kerajaan Ryukyu dibubarkan dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa pada tahun 1897, Pemerintah Jepang mewajibkan penggunaan \"bahasa Jepang baku\" terhadap orang-orang Okinawa. Bahasa Jepang dijadikan bahasa pengantar di sekolah dan bahasa Okinawa dilarang dipakai. Di sekolah-sekolah umum, murid dilarang bercakap-cakap memakai bahasa Okinawa. Murid yang bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Okinawa menerima hukuman berupa papan kayu kecil (hōgen fuda) yang harus digantung di leher. Papan tersebut baru dapat dilepas bila ada murid lain yang menerima hukuman yang sama.\n\nDialek Shuri yang dulunya adalah lingua franca di Pulau Okinawa akhirnya semakin terkikis dan jumlah penutur asli dialek lokal terus berkurang di seluruh wilayah Ryukyu, terutama di pulau utama Okinawa. Meskipun demikian, berbagai dialek Ryukyu lainnya tetap mempertahankan sebagian besar ciri khas fonologi, sintaksis, dan leksikal bahasa Jepang Klasik.\n\nBahasa Okinawa mengenal tiga vokal pendek, , dan lima vokal panjang, . Perhatikan perbedaan dengan bahasa Jepang, dalam bahasa Okinawa diucapkan dengan bentuk bibir bulat.\n\n(Secara teknis, daftar berikut ini bukan daftar suku kata melainkan daftar mora)\n\nTabel di atas adalah modifikasi dari sistem alih aksara asli seperti yang dipakai dalam Okinawago jiten (Kamus Bahasa Okinawa, terbit pertama kali tahun 1963) mengikuti alih aksara Hepburn yang sekarang ini lebih populer. Perbedaannya dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini:\n\nBahasa Okinawa mempertahankan sejumlah ciri khas tata bahasa bahasa Jepang Klasik, di antaranya pembedaan antara bentuk konklusif (shūshikei, ) dan bentuk atributif (rentaikei, ), ga () untuk menunjukkan fungsi genitif/kemilikan (hilang dalam dialek Shuri), nu (bahasa Jepang: no) untuk fungsi nominatif.\n\nSalah satu asal usul akhiran -un and -uru adalah bentuk kontinuatif yang berakhiran dengan kata uri (bahasa Jepang Klasik: wori, ada); -un berasal dari bentuk konklusif uri; -uru berasal dari bentuk atributif uru, misalnya: kachuru berasal dari kata kachi-uru; kachun berasal dari kata kachi-uri; dan yumun (bahasa Jepang: yomu, membaca) berasal dari kata yumi + uri.\n\nEtimologi yang sama juga berlaku untuk verba konklusif -san dan verba atributif -saru) di belakang kata sifat. Kata dasar yang diakhiri dengan -sa berubah menjadi kata benda; asalnya dari akhiran ari (, ada) dalam bahasa Jepang Klasik, misalnya: takasan (bahasa Jepang: takai, tinggi) berasal dari kata taka-sa-ari; achisan (bahasa Jepang: atsui, panasnya musim panas) berasal dari kata atsu-sa-ari; dan yutasaru (nyaman; senang) berasal dari kata yuta-sa-aru.\n\nKamus Dialek Shuri-Naha \"Wanne Uchinanchu – I am Okinawan.\" Japan, the US and Okinawa's Endangered Languages Video belajar bahasa Okinawa Belajar bahasa Okinawa\n\nKategori:Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu Kategori:Bahasa terancam punah\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Language\n | name              = Okinawa\n | altname           = Okinawa Selatan\n | nativename        = {{lang|ryu|沖縄口}}, ''{{lang|ryu-Latn|Uchinaaguchi}}''\n | pronunciation     = {{IPA-all|ʔut͡ɕinaːɡut͡ɕi}}\n | familycolor       = Altaic <!-- hanya warna kotak info, tetapi bukan bagian dari Altaik yang sangat diperdebatkan -->\n | states            = [[Jepang]]\n | region            = [[Pulau Okinawa]], [[Prefektur Okinawa]]\n | speakers          = 950.000<ref name=\"okinawan-endangered\">[https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5354 Okinawan], ''[[Endangered Languages Project]]''. Akses: 22 Agustus 2023.</ref>\n | date              = 2011 \n | ref               = e18\n | fam1              = [[Rumpun bahasa Japonik|Japonik]]\n | fam2              = [[Rumpun bahasa Japonik Kepulauan|Japonik Kepulauan]]\n | fam3              = [[Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu|Ryukyu]]\n | fam4              = [[Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu Utara|Ryukyu Utara]]\n | fam5              = \n | ancestor          = [[Bahasa Proto-Japonik|Proto-Japonik]]\n | ancestor2         = Proto-Japonik Kepulauan\n | ancestor3         = [[Bahasa Proto-Ryukyu|Proto-Ryukyu]] \n | ancestor4         = [[Bahasa Okinawa Kuno|Okinawa Kuno]]\n | ancestor5         = [[Bahasa Okinawa Pertengahan|Okinawa Pertengahan]]\n | ancestor6         = \n | glotto            = cent2126\n | glottorefname     = Central Okinawan\n | iso3              = ryu\n | lingua            = 45-CAC-ai<br />45-CAC-aj<br />45-CAC-ak{{sfn|Mimizun.com|2005|loc=Comment #658 – '''45-CAC-ai''' comprises most of Central Okinawa, including [[Shuri, Okinawa|Shuri]] ([[Naha, Okinawa|Naha]]), [[Ginowan, Okinawa|Ginowan]] and [[Nishihara, Okinawa|Nishihara]]; '''45-CAC-aj''' comprises the southern tip of Okinawa Island, including [[Itoman, Okinawa|Itoman]], Mabuni and Takamine; '''45-CAC-ak''' encompasses the region west of Okinawa Island, including the [[Kerama Islands]], [[Kumejima, Okinawa|Kumejima]] and [[Aguni, Okinawa|Aguni]]}}\n | script            = [[Sistem penulisan Okinawa]], [[Sistem penulisan bahasa Jepang]] ([[Kanji]] dan [[Kana]])\n | map               = [[Berkas:Boundaries of the Okinawan Languages.svg|pus|250px|tepi]]\n{{legend|#0000FF|Bahasa Okinawa Utara ([[Bahasa Kunigami|Kunigami]])}}\n{{legend|#FF0000|[[Bahasa Okinawa|Bahasa Okinawa Selatan]] (Shuri-Naha)}}\n | notice            = IPA\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa Okinawa (ウチナーグチ, 沖縄口 uchinaguchi, ) adalah suatu bahasa Ryukyu Utara yang dituturkan di tengah dan selatan Pulau Okinawa, Jepang, serta pulau-pulau di sekelilingnya seperti Kepulauan Kerama, Pulau Kumejima, Tonaki, Aguni, Hamahigajima, Henzajima, Miyagijima, dan Ikeijima.","translated_text":"The Okinawa language (ウチナーグチ, 沖縄口 uchinaguchi, ) is a Northern Ryukyu language spoken in central and southern Okinawa Island, Japan, as well as surrounding islands such as the Kerama Islands, Kumejima Island, Tonaki, Aguni, Hamahigajima, Henzajima, Miyagijima, and Ikeijima.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa ini memiliki dua dialek utama: dialek tengah (disebut juga dialek baku atau dialek Shuri-Naha) dan dialek selatan.","translated_text":"It has two main dialects: the central dialect (also called the baku dialect or Shuri-Naha dialect) and the southern dialect.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dialek Shuri telah dibakukan sejak abad ke-15 semasa Kerajaan Ryukyu berada di bawah pemerintahan Raja Shō Shin (1477-1526).","translated_text":"The Shuri dialect has been coined since the 15th century when the Ryukyu Kingdom was under the reign of King Shō Shin (1477-1526).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dialek Shuri waktu itu dipakai sebagai bahasa resmi dan bahasa sastra Kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"The Shuri dialect was then used as the official language and literary language of the Ryukyu Kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=kaplan>{{cite book|title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters,|last=Kaplan|first=Robert B.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2008|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"kaplan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua lagu-lagu dan puisi yang berasal dari zaman Kerajaan Ryukyu ditulis dalam dialek Shuri.","translated_text":"All songs and poems dating back to the Ryukyu Kingdom were written in the Shuri dialect.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa ini juga disebut Okinawa Selatan untuk membedakan dengan bahasa Kunigami yang juga disebut Okinawa Utara, tetapi biasanya dianggap sebagai bahasa yang terpisah dari bahasa Okinawa Selatan.","translated_text":"It is also called South Okinawa to distinguish it from Kunigami which is also called North Okinawa, but is usually considered a separate language from South Okinawa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Jepang dialek Okinawa mengacu kepada Uchinā Yamatoguchi (ウチナーヤマトグチ) yang juga sangat berbeda dari bahasa Okinawa.","translated_text":"The Japanese Okinawa dialect refers to Uchinā Yamatoguchi (ウチナーヤマトグチ) which is also very different from the Okinawa language.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah Kerajaan Ryukyu dibubarkan dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa pada tahun 1897, Pemerintah Jepang mewajibkan penggunaan \"bahasa Jepang baku\" terhadap orang-orang Okinawa.","translated_text":"After the Ryukyu Kingdom was dissolved and made Okinawa Prefecture in 1897, the Japanese Government mandated the use of the \"standard Japanese language\" against the Okinawans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=kaplan>{{cite book|title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters,|last=Kaplan|first=Robert B.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2008|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"kaplan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Jepang dijadikan bahasa pengantar di sekolah dan bahasa Okinawa dilarang dipakai.","translated_text":"Japanese is used as an introductory language in schools and Okinawa is prohibited.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sekolah-sekolah umum, murid dilarang bercakap-cakap memakai bahasa Okinawa.","translated_text":"In public schools, students are prohibited from speaking the Okinawa language.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Murid yang bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Okinawa menerima hukuman berupa papan kayu kecil (hōgen fuda) yang harus digantung di leher.","translated_text":"A student who spoke Okinawa received a penalty in the form of a small wooden board (hōgen fuda) that had to be hung around his neck.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=nakasone>{{cite book|title=Okinawan diaspora|last=Nakasone|first=Ronald Y.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2002|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=KirIeYfhZukC|isbn=0-8248-2530-6|page=ix|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":131,"name":"nakasone","url":"http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=KirIeYfhZukC","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=Shift_JIS","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":59303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:35.486684-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.51220703125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Papan tersebut baru dapat dilepas bila ada murid lain yang menerima hukuman yang sama.","translated_text":"The board can only be dismissed if another student receives the same punishment.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|title=Language and society in Japan: Contemporary Japanese society|last=Gottlieb|first=Nanette|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NJ3uIXixGqQC|isbn=0-5215-3284-1|page=25|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NJ3uIXixGqQC","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=Shift_JIS","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":54409,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:35.778274-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.53759765625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialek Shuri yang dulunya adalah lingua franca di Pulau Okinawa akhirnya semakin terkikis dan jumlah penutur asli dialek lokal terus berkurang di seluruh wilayah Ryukyu, terutama di pulau utama Okinawa.","translated_text":"The Shuri dialect that was once the lingua franca of Okinawa Island was eventually eroded and the number of native speakers of the local dialect continued to decline throughout the Ryukyu region, especially on the main island of Okinawa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun demikian, berbagai dialek Ryukyu lainnya tetap mempertahankan sebagian besar ciri khas fonologi, sintaksis, dan leksikal bahasa Jepang Klasik.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, various other Ryukyu dialects retain most of the phonological, syntactic, and lexical characteristics of Classical Japanese.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=shibatani />","char_index":151,"name":"shibatani","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Fonologi","translated_text":"The phonology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Vokal","translated_text":"The vowel","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa Okinawa mengenal tiga vokal pendek, , dan lima vokal panjang, .","translated_text":"Okinawa has three short vowels, , and five long vowels, .","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perhatikan perbedaan dengan bahasa Jepang, dalam bahasa Okinawa diucapkan dengan bentuk bibir bulat.","translated_text":"Notice the difference with Japanese, which in Okinawa is spoken with a rounded lip.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Konsonan","translated_text":"Consonants","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\"margin: auto; border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf; font-size: x-small; vertical-align: top;\"\n!\n! [[Konsonan dwibibir|Dwibibir]]\n! colspan=\"2\" |[[Konsonan alveolar|Alveolar]]\n! [[Konsonan alveolo-palatal|Alveolo-palatal]]\n! [[Konsonan langit-langit|Langit-langit]]\n! [[Konsonan langit-langit belakang|Langit-langit belakang]]\n! [[Konsonan uvular|Uvular]]\n! [[Konsonan glotal|Glotal]]\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan sengau|Sengau]]\n| {{IPA|m}}\n| colspan=\"2\" |{{IPA|n}}\n|\n|\n|\n| {{IPA|ɴ}}\n|\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan letup|Letup]]\n| {{IPA|p b}}\n| {{IPA|t}}\n|rowspan=\"2\" |{{IPA|d}}/{{IPA|ɾ}}\n| {{IPA|t͡ɕ d͡ʑ}}\n|\n| {{IPA|k ɡ}}\n|\n| {{IPA|ʔ}}\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan sentuhan|Sentuhan]]\n|\n| \n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan frikatif|Frikatif]]\n| ({{IPA|ɸ}})\n| colspan=\"2\" |{{IPA|s}}\n| ({{IPA|ɕ}})\n| ({{IPA|ç}})\n|\n|\n| {{IPA|h}}\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan malaran tak bergeser|Malaran tak bergeser]]\n|\n|colspan=\"2\" |\n|\n| {{IPA|j}}\n| {{IPA|w}}\n|\n|\n|-\n! style=\"font-size: x-small; background: #ccf; text-align: right;\" | [[Konsonan malaran tak bergeser|Malaran tak bergeser]] [[laringal]] <!--this description doesn't make sense.  It looks more like a glottal stop+semivowel cluster-->\n|\n|colspan=\"2\" |\n|\n| {{IPA|ʔj}}\n| {{IPA|ʔw}}\n|\n|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Silabogram","translated_text":"The syllabogram","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"(Secara teknis, daftar berikut ini bukan daftar suku kata melainkan daftar mora)","translated_text":"(Technically, the following list is not a list of syllables but a list of moras)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" class=\"IPA\" style=\"margin: auto; border: 1px solid #88a; text-align: center;\"\n|-\n| 'i || 'e || 'a || 'o || 'u || 'ya || 'yo || 'yu ||  ―  || 'wa || 'n\n|- style=\"vertical-align: top;\"\n| {{IPA|[ʔi]}} || {{IPA|[ʔe]}} || {{IPA|[ʔa]}} || {{IPA|[ʔo]}} || {{IPA|[ʔu]}} || {{IPA|[ʔja]}} || {{IPA|[ʔjo]}} || {{IPA|[ʔju]}} ||    || {{IPA|[ʔwa]}} || {{IPA|[ʔn]}}<br />{{IPA|[ʔm]}}\n|-\n| i || e || a || o || u || ya || yo || yu || we || wa || n\n|- style=\"vertical-align: top;\"\n| {{IPA|[i]}}<br />{{IPA|[ji]}} || {{IPA|[e]}}<br />{{IPA|[je]}} || {{IPA|[a]}} || {{IPA|[o]}}<br />{{IPA|[wo]}} || {{IPA|[u]}}<br />{{IPA|[wu]}} || {{IPA|[ja]}} || {{IPA|[jo]}} || {{IPA|[ju]}} || {{IPA|[we]}} || {{IPA|[wa] }} || {{IPA|[n]}}<br />{{IPA|[m]}}<br />{{IPA|[ŋ]}}<br />{{IPA|[ɴ]}}\n|-\n| hi || he || ha || ho || fu || hya || hyo || hyu ||  ―  || fa ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[çi]}} || {{IPA|[çe]}} || {{IPA|[ha]}} || {{IPA|[ho]}} || {{IPA|[ɸu]}} || {{IPA|[ça]}} || {{IPA|[ço]}} || {{IPA|[çu]}} ||   ―  || {{IPA|[ɸa]}}\n|-\n| gi || ge || ga || go || gu || gya ||  ―  ||  ―  || gwe || gwa ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɡi]}} || {{IPA|[ɡe]}} || {{IPA|[ɡa]}} || {{IPA|[ɡo]}} || {{IPA|[ɡu]}} || {{IPA|[ɡja]}} ||   ―  ||   ―  || {{IPA|[ɡʷe]}} || {{IPA|[ɡʷa]}} ||\n|-\n| ki || ke || ka || ko || ku || kya ||  ―  ||  ―  || kwe || kwa ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ki]}} || {{IPA|[ke]}} || {{IPA|[ka]}} || {{IPA|[ko]}} || {{IPA|[ku]}} || {{IPA|[kja]}} ||   ―  ||   ―  || {{IPA|[kʷe]}} || {{IPA|[kʷa]}} ||\n|-\n| chi || che || cha || cho || chu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕe]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕa]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕo]}} || {{IPA|[t͡ɕu]}} ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| ji || je || ja || jo || ju ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[d͡ʑi]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑe]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑa]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑo]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʑu]}} ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| shi || she || sa || so || su || sha ||  ―  || shu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɕi]}} || {{IPA|[ɕe]}} || {{IPA|[sa]}} || {{IPA|[so]}} || {{IPA|[su]}} || {{IPA|[ɕa]}} ||   ―  || {{IPA|[ɕu]}} ||   ―  ||   ―  ||\n|-\n| di || de || da || do || du\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| ri || re || ra || ro || ru\n|-\n| {{IPA|[di]}} || {{IPA|[de]}} || {{IPA|[da]}} || {{IPA|[do]}} || {{IPA|[du]}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |  ―\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɾi]}} || {{IPA|[ɾe]}} || {{IPA|[ɾa]}} || {{IPA|[ɾo]}} || {{IPA|[ɾu]}}\n|-\n| ti || te || ta || to || tu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ti]}} || {{IPA|[te]}} || {{IPA|[ta]}} || {{IPA|[to]}} || {{IPA|[tu]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|-\n| mi || me || ma || mo || mu || mya || myo ||  ―  ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[mi]}} || {{IPA|[me]}} || {{IPA|[ma]}} || {{IPA|[mo]}} || {{IPA|[mu]}} || {{IPA|[mja]}} || {{IPA|[mjo]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|-\n| bi || be || ba || bo || bu || bya || byo || byu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[bi]}} || {{IPA|[be]}} || {{IPA|[ba]}} || {{IPA|[bo]}} || {{IPA|[bu]}} || {{IPA|[bja]}} || {{IPA|[bjo]}} || {{IPA|[bju]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|-\n| pi || pe || pa || po || pu || pya ||  ―  || pyu ||  ―  ||  ―  ||\n|-\n| {{IPA|[pi]}} || {{IPA|[pe]}} || {{IPA|[pa]}} || {{IPA|[po]}} || {{IPA|[pu]}} || {{IPA|[pja]}} ||   ―   || {{IPA|[pju]}} ||   ―   ||   ―   ||\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tabel di atas adalah modifikasi dari sistem alih aksara asli seperti yang dipakai dalam Okinawago jiten (Kamus Bahasa Okinawa, terbit pertama kali tahun 1963) mengikuti alih aksara Hepburn yang sekarang ini lebih populer.","translated_text":"The table above is a modification of the original typeface system as used in Okinawago jiten (Okinawa Language Dictionary, first published in 1963) following the now more popular Hepburn typeface.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perbedaannya dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini:","translated_text":"The difference can be seen in the following table:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\" border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 650px;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! IPA\n! Okinawago jiten\n! Hepburn\n! Catatan\n|-\n| {{IPA|[j]}} \n| j\n| y\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɸu]}} \n| hu\n| fu\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɸa]}} \n| hwa\n| fa\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ʔ]}} \n| ʔ\n| \n| style=\"text-align: left;\"| Dalam bahasa Jepang baku tidak ada alih aksara standar untuk [[hamzah]]. Sebagian pengarang memilih untuk menghilangkan tanda hamzah, sementara pengarang lain mungkin menggunakan apostrof (').\n|-\n| {{IPA|[d͡ʑ~ʑ]}} \n| z\n| j\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕ]}} \n| c\n| ch\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ɕ]}} \n| s, sj\n| sh\n|\n|-\n| [[Mora (linguistik)|Mora]] {{IPA|/ɴ/}}\n| ɴ\n| n\n|\n|-\n| {{IPA|[ː]}} \n| style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\" | e\n| ¯\n| style=\"text-align: left;\"| Sebagian pengarang mungkin menggunakan vokal rangkap dan bukan tanda [[makron]] di atas huruf vokal, misalnya: ''mii'', dan bukan ''mī'' atau ''mi<font style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">e</font>''.\n|-\n| [[Geminasi]] \n| style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\" | q\n| Konsonan rangkap\n|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Perbandingan dengan bahasa Jepang","translated_text":"Comparison with Japanese","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\"margin: auto; border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! Bahasa Jepang\n! Bahasa Okinawa\n! Catatan\n|-\n| {{IPA|/e/}}\n| {{IPA|/i/}}\n| {{IPA|[ti]}} bukan {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/o/}}\n| {{IPA|/u/}}\n| {{IPA|[tu]}} bukan {{IPA|[tsu]}}, {{IPA|[du]}} bukan {{IPA|[dzu]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ai/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{IPA|/eː/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ae/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/au/}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | {{IPA|/oː/}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ao/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/aja/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/k/}}\n| {{IPA|/k/}}\n| {{IPA|/ɡ/}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ka/}}\n| {{IPA|/ka/}}\n| {{IPA|/ha/}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ki/}}\n| {{IPA|/t͡ɕi/}}\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ku/}}\n| {{IPA|/ku/}}\n| {{IPA|/hu/}}, {{IPA|[ɸu]}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/si/}}\n| {{IPA|/si/}}\n| {{IPA|/hi/}}, {{IPA|[çi]}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/su/}}\n| {{IPA|/si/}}\n| {{IPA|[ɕi]}}; dulunya dibedakan sebagai [si]<br />dan kadang-kadang /hi/ [çi] \n|-\n| {{IPA|/tu/}}\n| {{IPA|/t͡ɕi/}}\n| {{IPA|[t͡ɕi]}}; dulunya dibedakan sebagai {{IPA|[tsi]}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/da/}}\n| {{IPA|/ra/}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | {{IPA|[d]}} dan {{IPA|[ɾ]}} sudah disatukan\n|-\n| {{IPA|/de/}}\n| {{IPA|/ri/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/do/}}\n| {{IPA|/ru/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ni/}}\n| {{IPA|/ni/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Mora {{IPA|/ɴ/}} (kadang-kadang)\n|-\n| {{IPA|/nu/}}\n| {{IPA|/nu/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ha/}}\n| {{IPA|/hwa/}}\n| {{IPA|/pa/}} kadang-kadang, tetapi jarang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/hi/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{IPA|/pi/}} ~ {{IPA|/hi/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" |\n|-\n| {{IPA|/he/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/mi/}}\n| {{IPA|/mi/}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | Mora {{IPA|/ɴ/}} kadang-kadang\n|-\n| {{IPA|/mu/}}\n| {{IPA|/mu/}}\n|-\n| {{IPA|/ri/}}\n| {{IPA|/i/}}\n| {{IPA|/iri/}} tak terpengaruh\n|-\n| {{IPA|/wa/}}\n| {{IPA|/wa/}}\n| Cenderung diucapkan sebagai {{IPA|/a/}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Tata bahasa","translated_text":"The grammar","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa Okinawa mempertahankan sejumlah ciri khas tata bahasa bahasa Jepang Klasik, di antaranya pembedaan antara bentuk konklusif (shūshikei, ) dan bentuk atributif (rentaikei, ), ga () untuk menunjukkan fungsi genitif/kemilikan (hilang dalam dialek Shuri), nu (bahasa Jepang: no) untuk fungsi nominatif.","translated_text":"Okinawa retains a number of characteristics of Classical Japanese grammar, among them the distinction between the conclusive form (shūshikei, ) and the attributive form (rentaikei, ), ga () to indicate the genitive/possessive function (missing in the Shuri dialect), nu (Japanese: no) to the nominative function.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=shibatani />","char_index":255,"name":"shibatani","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\" style=\"margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; float: right; border: 1px solid #88a; border-collapse: collapse;\"\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! colspan=\"5\" | {{lang|ja|書く}} ''kaku''<br />''menulis''<ref name=shibatani>{{cite book|title=The Languages of Japan|last=Shibatani|first=Masayoshi|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=|isbn=0-5213-6918-5|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=sD-MFTUiPYgC|page=195}}</ref>\n|- style=\"background: #ccf;\"\n! colspan=\"2\" |\n! colspan=\"2\" | Jepang klasik\n! Shuri\n|-\n! Irealis\n! {{lang|ja|未然形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書か}}\n| kaka-\n| kaka-\n|-\n! Kontinuatif\n! {{lang|ja|連用形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書き}}\n| kaki-\n| kachi-\n|-\n! Konklusif\n! {{lang|ja|終止形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書く}}\n| kaku\n| kachun\n|-\n! Atributif\n! {{lang|ja|連体形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書く}}\n| kaku\n| kachuru\n|-\n! Realis\n! {{lang|ja|已然形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書け}}\n| kake-\n| kaki-\n|-\n! Imperatif\n! {{lang|ja|命令形}}\n| {{lang|ja|書け}}\n| kake\n| kaki\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salah satu asal usul akhiran -un and -uru adalah bentuk kontinuatif yang berakhiran dengan kata uri (bahasa Jepang Klasik: wori, ada); -un berasal dari bentuk konklusif uri; -uru berasal dari bentuk atributif uru, misalnya: kachuru berasal dari kata kachi-uru; kachun berasal dari kata kachi-uri; dan yumun (bahasa Jepang: yomu, membaca) berasal dari kata yumi + uri.","translated_text":"One origin of the ending -un and -uru is the continuative form ending in uri (Classical Japanese: wori, there); -un comes from the conclusive form uri; -uru comes from the attributive form uru, for example: kachuru comes from the word kachi-uru; kachun comes from the word kachi-uri; and yumun (Japanese: yomu, reading) comes from yumi + uri.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Etimologi yang sama juga berlaku untuk verba konklusif -san dan verba atributif -saru) di belakang kata sifat.","translated_text":"The same etymology also applies to the conclusive verb -san and the attributive verb -saru) behind the adjective.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kata dasar yang diakhiri dengan -sa berubah menjadi kata benda; asalnya dari akhiran ari (, ada) dalam bahasa Jepang Klasik, misalnya: takasan (bahasa Jepang: takai, tinggi) berasal dari kata taka-sa-ari; achisan (bahasa Jepang: atsui, panasnya musim panas) berasal dari kata atsu-sa-ari; dan yutasaru (nyaman; senang) berasal dari kata yuta-sa-aru.","translated_text":"The basic word ending in -sa becomes a noun; the origin of the ending ari (, is) in Classical Japanese, for example: takasan (Japanese: takai, high) comes from taka-sa-ari; achisan (Japanese: atsui, the heat of summer) comes from atsu-sa-ari; and yutasaru (comfortable; happy) comes from yuta-sa-aru.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Partikel","translated_text":"Particles","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"bikee/biken","translated_text":"Bicycling","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | びけーん\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Arti: ''hanya, cuma, semata-mata''<br /> Untuk kata kerja digunakan partikel ''uppi''\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''rōmaji bikeen''' nu shumuchi''\n'''ローマ字びけーん'''ぬ書物。\n| Buku yang hanya bertuliskan huruf Latin.\n|-\n| Verba (sengaja)\n| '''''Ninjibusharu uppi''' nindin sumabiin.''\n'''寝んじ欲しゃるうっぴ'''寝んでぃん済まびいん。\n| Kamu dapat tidur '''selama yang kamu ingini'''\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"wutooti/wuti","translated_text":"What's the matter?","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | をぅてぃ・をぅとーてぃ\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Partikel yang menunjukkan tempat (lokasi) seperti halnya partikel ''de'' (で) dalam bahasa Jepang<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina: tempat\n|  '''''Kuma wutooti''' yukwibushan.''\n'''くまをぅとーてぃ'''憩ぃ欲しゃん。''\n| Aku mau beristirahat '''di sini'''.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"nkai","translated_text":"I'm not.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | んかい\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai kata depan untuk menandai arah atau tujuan: ''ke'' atau ''di''<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina: [[Kasus ilatif|arah/tujuan]]\n| '''''Uchinaa nkai''' mensooree!''\n'''沖縄んかい'''めんそーれー!\n| Selamat datang di '''Okinawa'''!\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"atai","translated_text":"or so.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | あたい\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''sebanyak itu''\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina: untuk nomina digunakan '''''yaka''''':\n| '''''Ari yaka''' nihongo nu jouuji ya aran.''\n'''彼やか'''日本語ぬ上手やあらん。\n| Bahasa Jepang saya tidak '''sebagus dia.'''\n|-\n| Kata sifat<sup>*</sup>\n| '''''Hayai hodo''' ii.''\n'''早いほど'''いい。\n| '''Makin cepat''', makin baik\n|-\n| Verba\n| ''Unu tatimunoo '''umuyuru atai''' takakooneeyabiran''\nうぬ建物ー'''思ゆるあたい'''高こーねーやびらん。\n| Gedung itu tidak '''setinggi yang kau bayangkan'''.\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"saani/saai/sshi","translated_text":"What's the matter with you?","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | さーに・さーい・っし\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Dipakai untuk menunjukkan cara melaksanakan sesuatu. Serupa dengan ''de'' で dalam bahasa Jepang. Ketiga partikel ini (''saani/saai/sshi'') dapat saling dipertukarkan.<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''basusshi''' ichabira.''\n'''バスっし'''行ちゃびら。\n| Mari pergi '''dengan bus'''.\n|-\n| Nomina: tempat\n| '''''Uchinaaguchisaani''' tigami kachan.''\n'''うちなあぐちさーに'''手紙書ちゃん。\n| Saya menulis surat '''dalam''' bahasa Okinawa.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"kuru/guru","translated_text":"curry/teacher","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | くる・ぐる (頃)\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''sekitar, kira-kira''.<br />''Kuru'' berfungsi sebagai kata benda dan dapat diikuti dengan ''nu''.\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''San-ji guru''' nkai ichabira.''\n'''三時ぐる'''んかい行ち会びら。\n| Mari bertemu '''sekitar jam 3'''.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"kuree/guree","translated_text":"Curry or curry","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | くれー・ぐれー (位)\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''sekitar, kira-kira''.<br />''Kuree'' berfungsi sebagai kata benda, dan dapat diikuti oleh [[ぬ]] (''nu'')\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina\n| '''''Juppun kuree''' kakayun''\n'''十分くれー'''かかゆん。\n| Itu perlu '''kira-kira 10 menit'''.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"yatin","translated_text":"orphans","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | やてぃん\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: ''atau, bahkan, tetapi, namun, juga di\"<br />\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina, partikel: ''bahkan''\n| '''''Uchuu kara yatin''' manri-no-Choojoo nu miiyun.''\n'''宇宙からやてぃん'''万里ぬ長城ぬ見ーゆん。 \n| '''Bahkan dari luar angkasa''' Anda dapat melihat Tembok Cina.\n|-\n| Nomina: \"juga di\"\n| '''''Nihon yatin''' inchirii-n guchi binchoosun''\n'''日本やてぃん'''いんちりーん口を勉強すん。\n| '''Juga di Jepang''', kami belajar bahasa Inggris.\n|-\n| Awal frasa untuk menunjukkan: ''namun, meskipun demikian, walaupun\". Dalam hal ini, kata ''yashiga'' lebih lazim digunakan\n| '''''yashiga''', wannee an umuran''\n'''やしが'''、我んねーあん思らん。\n| '''Tapi''' aku tidak sependapat.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"madi","translated_text":"mad","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n! align=\"left\" | までぃ (迄)\n! colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\" | Diterjemahkan sebagai: \"hingga, sampai\"<br /> Menunjukkan waktu atau tempat sebagai batasan.\n|-\n! colspan=\"3\" |\n|-\n! width=\"30%\" align=\"center\" | Dipakai setelah\n! width=\"37%\" align=\"center\" | Contoh kalimat\n! width=\"38%\" align=\"center\" | Bahasa Indonesia\n|-\n| Nomina (khususnya tempat atau waktu)\n| ''Kunu densha-a, '''Shu-i madi''' ichabiin.''\nくぬ電車あ、'''首里までぃ'''行ちゃびーん。\n| Kereta ini pergi '''hingga sampai Shuri'''.\n|-\n| Verba\n| '''''Keeru madi''' machooibiin.''\n'''帰るまでぃ'''待ちょーいびーん。\n| Aku akan menunggu '''sampai kamu pulang ke rumah'''.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kamus Dialek Shuri-Naha \"Wanne Uchinanchu – I am Okinawan.\"","translated_text":"Shuri-Naha dictionary \"Wanne Uchinanchu  ⁇  I am Okinawan\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831072105/http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/outline.html |date=2018-08-31 }}","char_index":24,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180831072105/http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/outline.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:36.101755-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Japan, the US and Okinawa's Endangered Languages Video belajar bahasa Okinawa Belajar bahasa Okinawa","translated_text":"Japan, the U.S. and Okinawa's Endangered Languages Video learning Okinawa Learn Okinawa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu Kategori:Bahasa terancam punah","translated_text":"Category:Ryukyu languages Category:Endangered languages","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bahasa ini memiliki dua dialek utama: dialek tengah (disebut juga dialek baku atau dialek Shuri-Naha) dan dialek selatan. Dialek Shuri telah dibakukan sejak abad ke-15 semasa Kerajaan Ryukyu berada di bawah pemerintahan Raja Shō Shin (1477-1526). Dialek Shuri waktu itu dipakai sebagai bahasa resmi dan bahasa sastra Kerajaan Ryukyu.","translated_text":"It has two main dialects: the central dialect (also called the baku dialect or Shuri-Naha dialect) and the southern dialect. The Shuri dialect has been coined since the 15th century when the Ryukyu Kingdom was under the reign of King Shō Shin (1477-1526). The Shuri dialect was then used as the official language and literary language of the Ryukyu Kingdom.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=kaplan>{{cite book|title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters,|last=Kaplan|first=Robert B.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2008|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":333,"name":"kaplan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah Kerajaan Ryukyu dibubarkan dan dijadikan Prefektur Okinawa pada tahun 1897, Pemerintah Jepang mewajibkan penggunaan \"bahasa Jepang baku\" terhadap orang-orang Okinawa.","translated_text":"After the Ryukyu Kingdom was dissolved and made Okinawa Prefecture in 1897, the Japanese Government mandated the use of the \"standard Japanese language\" against the Okinawans.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=kaplan>{{cite book|title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters,|last=Kaplan|first=Robert B.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2008|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":174,"name":"kaplan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bahasa Jepang dijadikan bahasa pengantar di sekolah dan bahasa Okinawa dilarang dipakai. Di sekolah-sekolah umum, murid dilarang bercakap-cakap memakai bahasa Okinawa. Murid yang bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Okinawa menerima hukuman berupa papan kayu kecil (hōgen fuda) yang harus digantung di leher.","translated_text":"Japanese is used as an introductory language in schools and Okinawa is prohibited. In public schools, students are prohibited from speaking the Okinawa language. A student who spoke Okinawa received a penalty in the form of a small wooden board (hōgen fuda) that had to be hung around his neck.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=nakasone>{{cite book|title=Okinawan diaspora|last=Nakasone|first=Ronald Y.|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2002|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=KirIeYfhZukC|isbn=0-8248-2530-6|page=ix|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":299,"name":"nakasone","url":"http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=KirIeYfhZukC","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=Shift_JIS","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":59303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:35.486684-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.51220703125}]},{"text":"Di sekolah-sekolah umum, murid dilarang bercakap-cakap memakai bahasa Okinawa. Murid yang bercakap-cakap dalam bahasa Okinawa menerima hukuman berupa papan kayu kecil (hōgen fuda) yang harus digantung di leher. Papan tersebut baru dapat dilepas bila ada murid lain yang menerima hukuman yang sama.","translated_text":"In public schools, students are prohibited from speaking the Okinawa language. A student who spoke Okinawa received a penalty in the form of a small wooden board (hōgen fuda) that had to be hung around his neck. The board can only be dismissed if another student receives the same punishment.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|title=Language and society in Japan: Contemporary Japanese society|last=Gottlieb|first=Nanette|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NJ3uIXixGqQC|isbn=0-5215-3284-1|page=25|pages=2010-06-14}}</ref>","char_index":297,"name":null,"url":"http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=NJ3uIXixGqQC","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=Shift_JIS","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":54409,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:35.778274-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.53759765625}]},{"text":"Dialek Shuri yang dulunya adalah lingua franca di Pulau Okinawa akhirnya semakin terkikis dan jumlah penutur asli dialek lokal terus berkurang di seluruh wilayah Ryukyu, terutama di pulau utama Okinawa. Meskipun demikian, berbagai dialek Ryukyu lainnya tetap mempertahankan sebagian besar ciri khas fonologi, sintaksis, dan leksikal bahasa Jepang Klasik.","translated_text":"The Shuri dialect that was once the lingua franca of Okinawa Island was eventually eroded and the number of native speakers of the local dialect continued to decline throughout the Ryukyu region, especially on the main island of Okinawa. Nevertheless, various other Ryukyu dialects retain most of the phonological, syntactic, and lexical characteristics of Classical Japanese.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=shibatani />","char_index":354,"name":"shibatani","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bahasa Okinawa mempertahankan sejumlah ciri khas tata bahasa bahasa Jepang Klasik, di antaranya pembedaan antara bentuk konklusif (shūshikei, ) dan bentuk atributif (rentaikei, ), ga () untuk menunjukkan fungsi genitif/kemilikan (hilang dalam dialek Shuri), nu (bahasa Jepang: no) untuk fungsi nominatif.","translated_text":"Okinawa retains a number of characteristics of Classical Japanese grammar, among them the distinction between the conclusive form (shūshikei, ) and the attributive form (rentaikei, ), ga () to indicate the genitive/possessive function (missing in the Shuri dialect), nu (Japanese: no) to the nominative function.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=shibatani />","char_index":255,"name":"shibatani","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kamus Dialek Shuri-Naha \"Wanne Uchinanchu – I am Okinawan.\"","translated_text":"Shuri-Naha dictionary \"Wanne Uchinanchu  ⁇  I am Okinawan\".","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831072105/http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/outline.html |date=2018-08-31 }}","char_index":24,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180831072105/http://ryukyu-lang.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/srnh/outline.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:36.101755-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Streptokinase","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Sk surface 3.png|jmpl|200px|ka|Struktur permukaan streptokinase.]]\n\n'''Streptokinase''' adalah [[protein]] ekstraseluler [[bakteri]] yang diproduksi oleh beberapa [[galur]] ''[[Streptococcus haemolyticus]]'' grup C. Kemampuan [[protein]] ini untuk memecah [[gumpalan darah]] dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1993.<ref name=\"bb\" /> [[Protein]] ini hanya terdiri dari satu rantai [[molekul]] dengan [[massa]] 48 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]].<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref> Cara kerja streptokinase dalam mengatasi [[penggumpalan darah]] adalah dengan berfungsi sebagai [[aktivator]] [[plasminogen]] dan protease serin.<ref name=\"a\"/> [[Plasminogen]] merupakan suatu [[zimogen]] (calon enzim) yang akan menjadi enzim aktif (disebut [[plasmin]]) apabila diaktifkan oleh suatu molekul aktivator tertentu. Cara mengaktifkan plasminogen menjadi plasmin adalah dengan memotong ikatan peptida pada plasminogen.<ref name=\"a\"/> Apabila plasmin telah aktif maka enzim plasmin tersebut dengan mendegradasi (menghancurkan [[protein]] pembeku atau penggumpal darah.<ref name=\"a\"/> Streptokinase telah digunakan sebagai [[obat]] untuk mengatasi [[penyakit]] akibat pembekuan atau penggumpalan darah dalam tubuh, seperti [[infark miokardium]].<ref name=\"bb\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Gary Walsh|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Biopharmaceuticals: biochemistry and biotechnology|url= https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0|year= 2003|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-84327-7}}Page.385</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim|Kinase Strepto]]\n[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Fibrinolitik]]\n[[Kategori:Protein]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"9ad0ff547a93aa688736d82c09c385f0da79c401e74a41ad16bcc38bcf801608","last_revision":"2024-03-13T07:10:22Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:05:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.646326","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ستربتوكاينيز","cs":"Streptokináza","de":"Streptokinase","en":"Streptokinase","es":"Estreptoquinasa","fa":"استرپتوکیناز","fi":"Streptokinaasi","fr":"Streptokinase","hy":"Ստրեպտոկինազ","it":"Streptochinasi","ja":"ストレプトキナーゼ","mk":"Стрептокиназа","nb":"Streptokinase","or":"ସ୍ଟ୍ରେପ୍ଟୋକାଇନେଜ","pl":"Streptokinaza","pt":"Estreptoquinase","ro":"Streptokinază","ru":"Стрептокиназа","sh":"Streptokinaza","simple":"Streptokinase","sr":"Streptokinaza","tr":"Streptokinaz","vi":"Streptokinase","zh":"链激酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Streptokinase adalah protein ekstraseluler bakteri yang diproduksi oleh beberapa galur Streptococcus haemolyticus grup C. Kemampuan protein ini untuk memecah gumpalan darah dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1993. Protein ini hanya terdiri dari satu rantai molekul dengan massa 48 kDa. Cara kerja streptokinase dalam mengatasi penggumpalan darah adalah dengan berfungsi sebagai aktivator plasminogen dan protease serin. Plasminogen merupakan suatu zimogen (calon enzim) yang akan menjadi enzim aktif (disebut plasmin) apabila diaktifkan oleh suatu molekul aktivator tertentu. Cara mengaktifkan plasminogen menjadi plasmin adalah dengan memotong ikatan peptida pada plasminogen. Apabila plasmin telah aktif maka enzim plasmin tersebut dengan mendegradasi (menghancurkan protein pembeku atau penggumpal darah. Streptokinase telah digunakan sebagai obat untuk mengatasi penyakit akibat pembekuan atau penggumpalan darah dalam tubuh, seperti infark miokardium.\n\nKinase Strepto Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia Kategori:Fibrinolitik Kategori:Protein\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Streptokinase adalah protein ekstraseluler bakteri yang diproduksi oleh beberapa galur Streptococcus haemolyticus grup C. Kemampuan protein ini untuk memecah gumpalan darah dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1993.","translated_text":"Streptokinase is a bacterial extracellular protein produced by several strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus group C. The ability of this protein to break down blood clots was first reported in 1993.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bb\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Gary Walsh|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Biopharmaceuticals: biochemistry and biotechnology|url= https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0|year= 2003|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-84327-7}}Page.385</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"bb","url":"https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212002,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.118257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Protein ini hanya terdiri dari satu rantai molekul dengan massa 48 kDa.","translated_text":"This protein consists of only one molecular chain with a mass of 48 kDa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":71,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cara kerja streptokinase dalam mengatasi penggumpalan darah adalah dengan berfungsi sebagai aktivator plasminogen dan protease serin.","translated_text":"The way streptokinase works in dealing with blood clots is by acting as a plasminogen activator and serine protease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":133,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Plasminogen merupakan suatu zimogen (calon enzim) yang akan menjadi enzim aktif (disebut plasmin) apabila diaktifkan oleh suatu molekul aktivator tertentu.","translated_text":"A plasminogen is a zimogen (an enzyme callon) that will become an active enzyme (called plasmin) when activated by a specific activator molecule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cara mengaktifkan plasminogen menjadi plasmin adalah dengan memotong ikatan peptida pada plasminogen.","translated_text":"The way to activate plasminogens into plasmin is by cutting the peptide bonds to plasminogens.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":101,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apabila plasmin telah aktif maka enzim plasmin tersebut dengan mendegradasi (menghancurkan protein pembeku atau penggumpal darah.","translated_text":"Once the plasma has been activated, the enzyme degrades the plasma by destroying the freezing or clotting proteins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":129,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Streptokinase telah digunakan sebagai obat untuk mengatasi penyakit akibat pembekuan atau penggumpalan darah dalam tubuh, seperti infark miokardium.","translated_text":"Streptokinase has been used as a medicine to treat diseases resulting from freezing or clotting of blood in the body, such as myocardial infarction.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bb\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Gary Walsh|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Biopharmaceuticals: biochemistry and biotechnology|url= https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0|year= 2003|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-84327-7}}Page.385</ref>","char_index":148,"name":"bb","url":"https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212002,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.118257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kinase Strepto Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia Kategori:Fibrinolitik Kategori:Protein","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian national essential medicines Category:Fibrinolitics Category:Protein","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Streptokinase adalah protein ekstraseluler bakteri yang diproduksi oleh beberapa galur Streptococcus haemolyticus grup C. Kemampuan protein ini untuk memecah gumpalan darah dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1993.","translated_text":"Streptokinase is a bacterial extracellular protein produced by several strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus group C. The ability of this protein to break down blood clots was first reported in 1993.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bb\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Gary Walsh|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Biopharmaceuticals: biochemistry and biotechnology|url= https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0|year= 2003|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-84327-7}}Page.385</ref>","char_index":213,"name":"bb","url":"https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212002,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.118257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Streptokinase adalah protein ekstraseluler bakteri yang diproduksi oleh beberapa galur Streptococcus haemolyticus grup C. Kemampuan protein ini untuk memecah gumpalan darah dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1993. Protein ini hanya terdiri dari satu rantai molekul dengan massa 48 kDa.","translated_text":"Streptokinase is a bacterial extracellular protein produced by several strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus group C. The ability of this protein to break down blood clots was first reported in 1993. This protein consists of only one molecular chain with a mass of 48 kDa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":285,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Streptokinase adalah protein ekstraseluler bakteri yang diproduksi oleh beberapa galur Streptococcus haemolyticus grup C. Kemampuan protein ini untuk memecah gumpalan darah dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1993. Protein ini hanya terdiri dari satu rantai molekul dengan massa 48 kDa. Cara kerja streptokinase dalam mengatasi penggumpalan darah adalah dengan berfungsi sebagai aktivator plasminogen dan protease serin.","translated_text":"Streptokinase is a bacterial extracellular protein produced by several strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus group C. The ability of this protein to break down blood clots was first reported in 1993. This protein consists of only one molecular chain with a mass of 48 kDa. The way streptokinase works in dealing with blood clots is by acting as a plasminogen activator and serine protease.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":419,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cara kerja streptokinase dalam mengatasi penggumpalan darah adalah dengan berfungsi sebagai aktivator plasminogen dan protease serin. Plasminogen merupakan suatu zimogen (calon enzim) yang akan menjadi enzim aktif (disebut plasmin) apabila diaktifkan oleh suatu molekul aktivator tertentu. Cara mengaktifkan plasminogen menjadi plasmin adalah dengan memotong ikatan peptida pada plasminogen.","translated_text":"The way streptokinase works in dealing with blood clots is by acting as a plasminogen activator and serine protease. A plasminogen is a zimogen (an enzyme callon) that will become an active enzyme (called plasmin) when activated by a specific activator molecule. The way to activate plasminogens into plasmin is by cutting the peptide bonds to plasminogens.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":391,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Plasminogen merupakan suatu zimogen (calon enzim) yang akan menjadi enzim aktif (disebut plasmin) apabila diaktifkan oleh suatu molekul aktivator tertentu. Cara mengaktifkan plasminogen menjadi plasmin adalah dengan memotong ikatan peptida pada plasminogen. Apabila plasmin telah aktif maka enzim plasmin tersebut dengan mendegradasi (menghancurkan protein pembeku atau penggumpal darah.","translated_text":"A plasminogen is a zimogen (an enzyme callon) that will become an active enzyme (called plasmin) when activated by a specific activator molecule. The way to activate plasminogens into plasmin is by cutting the peptide bonds to plasminogens. Once the plasma has been activated, the enzyme degrades the plasma by destroying the freezing or clotting proteins.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"a\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Robert W. Hobson, Samuel E. Wilson, Frank J. Veith|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Vascular surgery: principles and practice|year= 2003|publisher= Informa Healthcare|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-8247-0819-1}}Page.298</ref>","char_index":387,"name":"a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cara mengaktifkan plasminogen menjadi plasmin adalah dengan memotong ikatan peptida pada plasminogen. Apabila plasmin telah aktif maka enzim plasmin tersebut dengan mendegradasi (menghancurkan protein pembeku atau penggumpal darah. Streptokinase telah digunakan sebagai obat untuk mengatasi penyakit akibat pembekuan atau penggumpalan darah dalam tubuh, seperti infark miokardium.","translated_text":"The way to activate plasminogens into plasmin is by cutting the peptide bonds to plasminogens. Once the plasma has been activated, the enzyme degrades the plasma by destroying the freezing or clotting proteins. Streptokinase has been used as a medicine to treat diseases resulting from freezing or clotting of blood in the body, such as myocardial infarction.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"bb\">{{en}} {{cite book|last= Gary Walsh|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title= Biopharmaceuticals: biochemistry and biotechnology|url= https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0|year= 2003|publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|location=|id= ISBN 978-0-470-84327-7}}Page.385</ref>","char_index":380,"name":"bb","url":"https://archive.org/details/biopharmaceutica0000wals_y8x0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212002,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.118257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]}]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Ryukyu","wikicode":"{{Artikel utama}}{{Commonscat|Ryukyuan languages}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryukyu}}\n[[Kategori:Kepulauan Ryukyu]]\n[[Kategori:Prefektur Okinawa]]\n[[Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Japonik]]","hash":"16118fc432f5baf75fca6e57c9dfafd2fa4885fbc8f0b7d8da7d1a0fa525d1e7","last_revision":"2022-06-01T12:52:16Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:05:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.704281","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:لغات جزر ريوكيو","br":"Rummad:Yezhoù ryoukyouek","cs":"Kategorie:Rjúkjúské jazyky","en":"Category:Ryukyuan languages","es":"Categoría:Idiomas ryukyuanos","et":"Kategooria:Ryūkyū keeled","eu":"Kategoria:Ryukyuar hizkuntzak","fa":"رده:زبان‌های ریوکیویی","fr":"Catégorie:Langue ryūkyū","gl":"Categoría:Linguas ryukyuanas","haw":"Māhele:ʻŌlelo Liu Kiu","hr":"Kategorija:Rjukjuanski jezici","it":"Categoria:Lingue ryukyuane","ja":"Category:琉球諸語","ko":"분류:류큐어파","lt":"Kategorija:Riukiu kalbos","ms":"Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa Ryukyu","pt":"Categoria:Línguas ryukyuanas","sh":"Kategorija:Rjukjuanski jezici","simple":"Category:Ryukyuan languages","tr":"Kategori:Ryukyu dilleri","uk":"Категорія:Рюкюські мови","vi":"Thể loại:Nhóm ngôn ngữ Lưu Cầu","zh":"Category:琉球語","zh-min-nan":"Lūi-pia̍t:Liû-kiû-gí"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Kategori:Kepulauan Ryukyu Kategori:Prefektur Okinawa Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Japonik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kepulauan Ryukyu Kategori:Prefektur Okinawa Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Japonik","translated_text":"The Ryukyu Islands Category:Okinawa Prefecture Category:Language of the Japanese","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Asa (raja Yehuda)","wikicode":"{{Untuk|kegunaan lain dari kata asa|harapan}}\n{{Infobox orang}}\n'''Asa''' ({{Hebrew Name|אָסָא|Asa|ʾĀsâ}}- Allah telah menyatakan; {{lang-el|Ασα}}; {{lang-la|Asa}}) merupakan raja ketiga dari [[Kerajaan Yehuda]] menurut catatan [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] ({{Alkitab|1Raj 15:9-24; 2Taw 14:1-16:14}}). Ayahnya adalah raja [[Abia (raja Yehuda)|Abia]] bin [[Rehabeam]] bin [[Salomo]] bin [[Daud]]. Nama neneknya yang perempuan ialah Maakha, anak [[Absalom|Abisalom]].<ref name=\"1Raj15_10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:10}}</ref>\nAsa merupakan seorang raja baik yang pemerintahannya ditandai oleh kesetiaan kepada Allah. Akan tetapi, ia gagal mempercayai Allah sepenuhnya pada tahun-tahun terakhir (lihat {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-14}}). Masa pemerintahannya itu penting karena ia menuntun bangsa itu meninggalkan semua kebiasaan fasik dan berbalik dari semua perbuatan jahat orang Kanaan. Kebangkitan rohani yang sejati senantiasa mencakup hal meninggalkan perbuatan yang tidak menyenangkan hati Allah dan melanggar firman-Nya ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:1-16:14}} untuk keterangan selanjutnya mengenai masa pemerintahan Asa).<ref name=fulllife/> [[Kitab Raja-raja]] memuji intervensinya melawan pelacuran ''kenisah'' dan melawan pemujaan berhala.\n\nAsa menggerakkan raja [[Aram]] [[Benhadad|Ben-Hadad]], untuk menyerang [[Baesa]], [[Kerajaan Israel Utara|raja Israel]], yang menyudutkan dirinya. Menurut Tawarikh ia membangun benteng-benteng dan sebuah pasukan yang tetap. Ia menang melawan bangsa Kush ([[Ethiopia]]) dan mengadakan pembaharuan perjanjian secara meriah. Menurut [[Kitab 1 Raja-raja]] seluruh riwayat Asa dan segala kepahlawanannya dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kota-kota yang diperkuatnya tertulis dalam \"Kitab sejarah raja-raja Yehuda\", yang saat ini belum ditemukan salinannya.<ref name=\"1Raj15_23\"/>\n\n== Ketaatan pada Tuhan ==\nMenurut [[Alkitab]] Asa melakukan apa yang benar di mata TUHAN seperti Daud, bapa leluhurnya. Ia menyingkirkan pelacuran bakti dari negeri itu dan menjauhkan segala berhala yang dibuat oleh nenek moyangnya. Ia menjauhkan mezbah-mezbah asing dan bukit-bukit pengorbanan, memecahkan tugu-tugu berhala, dan menghancurkan tiang-tiang berhala. Bahkan ia memecat Maakha, neneknya, dari pangkat ibu suri, karena neneknya itu membuat patung Asyera yang keji. Asa merobohkan patung yang keji itu dan membakarnya di lembah Kidron. Ia memerintahkan orang Yehuda supaya mereka mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dan mematuhi hukum dan perintah. Ia menjauhkan bukit-bukit pengorbanan dan pedupaan-pedupaan dari segala kota di Yehuda. Dan kerajaanpun aman di bawah pemerintahannya. Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak seluruhnya dijauhkan, namun Asa berpaut kepada TUHAN dengan segenap hatinya sepanjang umurnya. Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah TUHAN, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:11-15}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:3-5}}</ref>\n\n== Pembangunan kota-kota benteng ==\nKarena negeri itu aman dan tidak ada yang memeranginya pada tahun-tahun awal pemerintahan Asa, ia dapat membangun kota-kota benteng di Yehuda; TUHAN telah mengaruniakan keamanan kepadanya. Katanya kepada orang Yehuda: \"Marilah kita memperkuat kota-kota ini dan mengelilinginya dengan tembok beserta menara-menaranya, pintu-pintunya dan palang-palangnya. Negeri ini masih dalam tangan kita, karena kita mencari TUHAN Allah kita dan Ia mencari kita serta mengaruniakan keamanan kepada kita di segala penjuru.\" Maka mereka melaksanakan pembangunan itu dengan berhasil. Pasukan-pasukan Asa yang dari Yehuda jumlahnya 300.000 orang yang membawa perisai besar dan tombak, dan yang dari Benyamin jumlahnya 280.000 orang yang membawa perisai kecil, sebagai pemanah. Mereka semua pahlawan-pahlawan yang gagah perkasa.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:6-8}}</ref>\n\n== Kemenangan atas Zerah, orang Etiopia ==\n\n{{utama|Pertempuran Zefata}}\nSetelah Asa memerintah dengan damai selama [[sepuluh]] [[tahun]],<ref>[[2 Tawarikh 14:1]]</ref> [[Zerah]], orang [[Etiopia]] itu, maju berperang melawan Asa dengan tentara sebanyak sejuta orang dan tiga ratus kereta. Ia sampai ke [[Maresa]]. Lalu Asa maju menghadapinya. Mereka mengatur barisan perangnya di lembah Zefata dekat Maresa. Kemudian Asa berseru kepada TUHAN, Allahnya: \"Ya TUHAN, selain daripada Engkau, tidak ada yang dapat menolong yang lemah terhadap yang kuat. Tolonglah kami ya TUHAN, Allah kami, karena kepada-Mulah kami bersandar dan dengan nama-Mu kami maju melawan pasukan yang besar jumlahnya ini. Ya TUHAN, Engkau Allah kami, jangan biarkan seorang manusia mempunyai kekuatan untuk melawan Engkau!\" Dan TUHAN memukul kalah orang-orang Etiopia itu di hadapan Asa dan Yehuda. Orang-orang Etiopia itu lari, lalu dikejar oleh Asa dan laskarnya sampai ke [[Gerar]]. Dari orang-orang Etiopia itu amat banyak yang tewas, sehingga tidak ada yang tinggal hidup, karena mereka hancur di hadapan TUHAN dan tentaranya. Orang-orang Yehuda memperoleh jarahan yang sangat besar. Mereka mengalahkan semua kota di sekeliling [[Gerar]], karena ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa penduduknya. Mereka menjarahi semua kota itu, karena jarahan yang besar terdapat di situ. Tenda-tenda pemilik ternakpun direbut mereka, dan banyak kambing domba dan unta diangkutnya sebagai jarahan, lalu mereka kembali ke Yerusalem.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:9-15}}</ref>\n\n== Pembaharuan ==\nNabi Azarya bin Oded dihinggapi Roh Allah. Ia pergi menemui Asa dan berkata kepadanya: \"Dengarlah kepadaku, Asa dan seluruh Yehuda dan Benyamin! TUHAN beserta dengan kamu bilamana kamu beserta dengan Dia. Bilamana kamu mencari-Nya, Ia berkenan ditemui olehmu, tetapi bilamana kamu meninggalkan-Nya, kamu akan ditinggalkan-Nya. Lama sekali Israel tanpa Allah yang benar, tanpa ajaran daripada imam dan tanpa hukum. Tetapi dalam kesesakan mereka berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah orang Israel. Mereka mencari-Nya, dan Ia berkenan ditemui oleh mereka. Pada zaman itu tidak dapat orang pergi dan pulang dengan selamat, karena terdapat kekacauan yang besar di antara segenap penduduk daerah-daerah. Bangsa menghancurkan bangsa, kota menghancurkan kota, karena Allah mengacaukan mereka dengan berbagai-bagai kesesakan. Tetapi kamu ini, kuatkanlah hatimu, jangan lemah semangatmu, karena ada upah bagi usahamu!\"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:1-7}}</ref>\n\nKetika Asa mendengar perkataan nubuat yang diucapkan oleh nabi Azarya bin Oded itu, ia menguatkan hatinya dan menyingkirkan dewa-dewa kejijikan dari seluruh tanah Yehuda dan Benyamin dan dari kota-kota yang direbutnya di pegunungan Efraim. Ia membaharui mezbah TUHAN yang ada di depan balai Bait Suci TUHAN. Ia mengumpulkan seluruh Yehuda dan Benyamin dan orang-orang Efraim, Manasye dan Simeon yang tinggal di antara mereka sebagai orang asing. Sebab dari Israel banyak yang menyeberang memihak kepadanya ketika mereka melihat bahwa TUHAN, Allahnya, beserta dengan dia. Mereka berkumpul di Yerusalem pada bulan ketiga tahun kelima belas dari pemerintahan Asa. Pada hari itu mereka mempersembahkan kepada TUHAN tujuh ratus lembu sapi dan tujuh ribu kambing domba dari jarahan yang mereka bawa pulang. Mereka mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa. Setiap orang, baik anak-anak atau orang dewasa, baik laki-laki atau perempuan, yang tidak mencari TUHAN, Allah Israel, harus dihukum mati. Mereka bersumpah setia kepada TUHAN dengan suara yang nyaring, dengan sorak-sorai dan dengan tiupan nafiri dan sangkakala. Seluruh Yehuda bersukaria atas sumpah itu, karena dengan segenap hati mereka bersumpah setia dan dengan kehendak yang bulat mereka mencari TUHAN. TUHAN berkenan ditemui oleh mereka dan mengaruniakan keamanan kepada mereka di segala penjuru.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:8-15}}</ref> Bahkan raja Asa memecat Maakha, neneknya, dari pangkat ibu suri, karena neneknya itu membuat patung Asyera yang keji. Asa merobohkan patung yang keji itu, menumbuknya sampai halus dan membakarnya di lembah Kidron. Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak dijauhkan dari Israel, namun hati Asa tulus ikhlas sepanjang umurnya. Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah Allah, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain. Tidak ada perang sampai pada tahun ketiga puluh lima pemerintahan Asa.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:16-19}}</ref>\n\n== Peperangan dengan Kerajaan Israel ==\nAda perang antara Asa dan [[Baesa]], raja Israel, sepanjang umur mereka. Pada tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda (tahun ke-17 pemerintahan Asa), Baesa, raja Israel, maju berperang melawan Yehuda, dan ia memperkuat Rama, dengan maksud mencegah lalu lintas kepada Asa, raja Yehuda. Tetapi Asa mengambil segala emas dan perak yang masih tinggal dalam perbendaharaan rumah TUHAN dan dalam perbendaharaan rumah raja dan menyerahkannya kepada pegawainya. Kemudian raja Asa mengutus mereka kepada Benhadad bin Tabrimon bin Hezion, raja Aram yang diam di Damsyik, dengan membawa pesan: \"Ada perjanjian antara aku dan engkau, antara ayahku dan ayahmu. Di sini kukirim kepadamu suatu bingkisan, yakni emas dan perak. Marilah, batalkanlah perjanjianmu dengan Baesa, raja Israel, supaya ia undur daripadaku.\" Lalu Benhadad mendengarkan permintaan raja Asa; ia menyuruh panglima-panglimanya menyerang kota-kota Israel dan ia mengalahkan Iyon, Dan, Abel-Bet-Maakha, Abel-Maim dan seluruh Kinerot serta seluruh tanah Naftali. Segera sesudah Baesa mendengar hal itu, ia berhenti memperkuat Rama dan ia menetap di Tirza. Tetapi raja Asa mengerahkan segenap orang Yehuda, seorangpun tiada yang terkecuali; mereka harus mengangkat batu dan kayu yang dipergunakan Baesa untuk memperkuat Rama. Raja Asa mempergunakannya untuk memperkuat Geba-Benyamin dan Mizpa.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:16-11}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:32}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-6}}</ref>\n\n== Kemunduran rohani ==\nPada waktu itu datanglah Hanani, pelihat itu, kepada Asa, raja Yehuda, katanya kepadanya: \"Karena engkau bersandar kepada raja Aram dan tidak bersandar kepada TUHAN Allahmu, oleh karena itu terluputlah tentara raja Aram dari tanganmu. Bukankah tentara orang Etiopia dan Libia besar jumlahnya, kereta dan orang berkudanya sangat banyak? Namun TUHAN telah menyerahkan mereka ke dalam tanganmu, karena engkau bersandar kepada-Nya. Karena mata TUHAN menjelajah seluruh bumi untuk melimpahkan kekuatan-Nya kepada mereka yang bersungguh hati terhadap Dia. Dalam hal ini engkau telah berlaku bodoh, oleh sebab itu mulai sekarang ini engkau akan mengalami peperangan.\" Maka sakit hatilah Asa karena perkataan pelihat itu, sehingga ia memasukkannya ke dalam penjara, sebab memang ia sangat marah terhadap dia karena perkara itu. Pada waktu itu Asa menganiaya juga beberapa orang dari rakyat.<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:7-10}}</ref>\n\n== Masa tua dan kematian ==\nPada masa tuanya, yaitu pada tahun ke-39 pemerintahannya, Asa menderita sakit pada kedua kakinya<ref name=\"1Raj15_23\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:23}}</ref> yang kemudian menjadi semakin parah. Namun dalam kesakitannya itu ia tidak mencari pertolongan TUHAN, tetapi pertolongan tabib-tabib.<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12}}</ref> Asa gagal untuk terus bertekun dalam mencari Allah ketika usianya sudah lebih tua. Ialah contoh bagi semua orang percaya bahwa memang mungkin untuk jatuh dari kesetiaan kepada Allah sekalipun telah ikut ambil bagian di dalam pembaharuan rohani yang besar. Tiga bukti kemerosotan rohaninya diberikan dalam pasal ini.\n# Ia berhenti bersandar kepada Allah dan malahan mempercayai sumber daya manusia ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:7-9}}).\n# Ia menolak dan menganiaya nabi Allah ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:10}}). Suatu tanda kemerosotan rohani yang tidak dapat disangkal ialah penolakan nabi-nabi Allah yang membawa firman teguran dan pembetulan dari-Nya ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:7-10}}; lihat {{Alkitab|Lukas 6:23}}).\n# Ketika menderita secara jasmaniah, daripada mencari Allah dahulu untuk pengertian dan penyembuhan, dia hanya meminta bantuan para dokter yang mungkin menggunakan berbagai mantra dan obat-obat dari kekuatan gaib ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12}}).<ref name=fulllife/>\n\nKemudian Asa mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya. Ia mati pada tahun [[ke-41]] pemerintahannya, dan dikuburkan di kuburan yang telah digali baginya, di samping nenek moyangnya di [[kota Daud]], bapa leluhurnya. Orang-orang membaringkannya di atas petiduran yang penuh dengan rempah-rempah dan segala macam rempah-rempah campuran yang dicampur menurut cara pencampur rempah-rempah, lalu menyalakan api yang sangat besar untuk menghormatinya. Maka [[Yosafat]], anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:24}}</ref><ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:13-14}}</ref>\n\n== Perhitungan waktu ==\nAsa mulai menjadi raja atas Yehuda dalam tahun [[kedua puluh]] zaman Yerobeam, raja Israel ([[1 Raja-raja 15:9]]). Ia memerintah di Yerusalem 41 tahun lamanya<ref name=\"1Raj15_10\"/>\n\nMenurut perhitungan [[kronologi]] [[Edwin R. Thiele]], Asa mulai memerintah sekitar September 911 SM - April 910 SM (\"911 SM\") sampai meninggalnya sekitar September 870 SM - April 869 SM (\"870 SM\").<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc= no. 5}}\n* Tahun ke-1: bertepatan dengan tahun ke-21 pecahnya kerajaan Israel, sekaligus permulaan Kerajaan Yehuda dan tahun ke-20 pemerintahan [[Yerobeam I|Yerobeam]] (menurut \"[[metode tahun naik tahta]]\"). (\"911 SM\"){{sfn|McFall|1991|loc= no. 5}}\n* Tahun ke-2 (tahun ke-22 Kerajaan Yehuda): [[Nadab (raja Israel)|Nadab]], anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel ([[1 Raja-raja 15:25]]; \"910 SM\")<ref>September 910 SM - April 909 SM. Dari McFall 1991, no. 6.</ref>\n* Tahun ke-3 (tahun ke-23 Kerajaan Yehuda): [[Baesa]] bin Ahia menjadi raja atas seluruh Israel di Tirza.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:33}}</ref> (\"909 SM\")<ref>September 909 SM - April 908 SM. Dari McFall 1991, no. 7</ref>\n** [[Yosafat]] dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa. (\"906 SM\")<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>\n* Tahun ke-10 (tahun ke-30 Kerajaan Yehuda): Negeri itu aman selama sepuluh tahun pertama pemerintahan Asa ([[2 Tawarikh 14:1]]). (tahun 910 SM sampai 900 SM){{sfn|McFall|1991|loc= no. 10}}\n* Tahun ke-15 (tahun ke-35 Kerajaan Yehuda) bulan ke-3: Asa dan orang-orang Israel mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa ([[2 Tawarikh 15:10]]). (\"895 SM\")<ref>September 896 sampai September 895 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 9</ref>\n* Tahun ke-16 (tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda): majulah [[Baesa]], raja Israel, hendak berperang melawan Yehuda ([[2 Tawarikh 16:1]]). Asa mengikat perjanjian dengan Ben-Hadad, raja Aram, yang kemudian menyerang Israel, sehingga Baesa tidak jadi menyerang.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:1-6}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-6}}</ref> (\"894 SM\")<ref>September 895 sampai September 894 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 11</ref>\n* Tahun ke-26 (tahun ke-46 Kerajaan Yehuda): [[Ela (raja Israel)|Ela]], anak Baesa, menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza ([[1 Raja-raja 16:8]]; \"886 SM\")<ref>September 886 SM - April 885 SM, menurut McFall 1991, no. 12</ref>\n* Tahun ke-27 (tahun ke-47 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela dibunuh dan [[Zimri]] menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.<ref name=\"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10}}</ref> Hanya memerintah 7 hari, Zimri bunuh diri.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:18}}</ref> Tibni dan Omri bersaing menjadi raja Israel.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:21}}</ref> (\"885 SM\")<ref>September 885 SM - April 884 SM, menurut McFall 1991, no. 13,14</ref>\n* Tahun ke-31 (tahun ke-51 Kerajaan Yehuda): Setelah [[Tibni]] mati, [[Omri]] menjadi raja atas Israel di [[Tirza]].<ref name=\"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10\"/><ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:23}}</ref> (880 SM)<ref>April - September 880 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 15</ref>\n* Tahun ke-38 (tahun ke-58 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun naik tahta (ke-0) Ahab): [[Ahab]] bin Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:29}}</ref> (\"874 SM\")<ref>September 874 SM - April 873 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 16</ref>\n* Tahun ke-39 (\"[[metode tahun naik tahta]]\"; tahun ke-60 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-2 Ahab): Asa mengalami penyakit di kedua kakinya ([[2 Tawarikh 16:12]]; \"872 SM\")<ref>September 872 SM - April 871 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 17</ref> Sebelumnya, [[Yosafat]] bin Asa sudah dijadikan \"raja bersama\" dengan ayahnya sejak September [[873 SM]].{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc= no. 17}}\n* Tahun ke-41 (\"[[metode tahun naik tahta]]\"; tahun ke-62 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan [[Yosafat]], putranya, sejak itu menjadi raja sendirian ([[2 Tawarikh 16:13]]; \"870 SM\")<ref>September 870 SM - April 869 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 5, 18</ref>\n\n{{s-start}}\n{{s-hou|[[Keturunan Daud]]||||870 SM|[[Suku Yehuda]]<br /><small>''memerintah sejaman dengan [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)|Raja Israel]]:''</small><br>[[Yerobeam|Yerobeam I]], [[Nadab (raja Israel)|Nadab]], [[Baesa]], [[Ela (raja Israel)|Ela]], [[Zimri]], [[Tibni]], [[Omri]], [[Ahab]]||||}}\n{{s-reg|}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[Abia (raja Yehuda)|Abia]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=[[Kerajaan Yehuda#Raja Yehuda|Raja Yehuda]]|years=911 - 870 SM}}\n{{s-aft|after=[[Yosafat]]}}\n{{end}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Abia (raja Yehuda)|Abia]]\n* [[Absalom]]\n* [[Yosafat]]\n* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[1 Raja-raja 15]][[1 Raja-raja 16|-16]], [[2 Tawarikh 13]][[2 Tawarikh 16|-16]].\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|2|refs=\n\n<ref name=fulllife>The Full Life Study Bible. Life Publishers International. 1992. Teks Penuntun edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Penerbit Gandum Mas. 1993, 1994.</ref>\n\n}}\n\n== Pustaka ==\n* {{citation | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | first = Leslie | last = McFall | title = Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles |journal = Bibliotheca Sacra |volume= 148 |year = 1991| page = 3-45 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rKrw27MI?url=http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | archivedate = 2010-07-19 | deadurl = yes | df =  }}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://alkitab.sabda.org/dictionary.php?word=Asa Kamus Alkitab - Asa]\n\n{{Daud hingga Yesus}}\n{{Raja Israel}}\n\n[[Kategori:Raja Yehuda]]","hash":"53ea2f99117bb95f87393f1b9bc3be3d14a78f49d7c13de68f8f9855efddcff3","last_revision":"2023-01-22T07:25:30Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:07:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.764316","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Asa","ar":"آسا ملك يهوذا","arz":"اسا","azb":"آسا","be":"Аса (цар іўдзейскі)","bn":"যিহূদার আসা","br":"Asa (roue Yehouda)","ca":"Asà","cs":"Ása","de":"Asa (König)","el":"Ασά","en":"Asa of Judah","eo":"Asa","es":"Asa de Judá","eu":"Asa Judakoa","fa":"آسا","fi":"Asa (kuningas)","fr":"Asa (Juda)","fy":"Asa fan Juda","hak":"Â-sat-vòng","he":"אסא","hu":"Ásza júdai király","it":"Asa di Giuda","ja":"アサ (ユダ王)","ka":"ასა","ko":"아사 (유다 왕국)","mg":"Asa (mpanjakan' i Jodà)","nl":"Asa van Juda","nb":"Asa av Juda","pl":"Asa (król Judy)","pt":"Asa de Judá","ro":"Asa (rege)","ru":"Аса","sh":"Asa od Jude","sr":"Аса од Јуде","sv":"Asa av Juda","th":"อาสา","tl":"Asa ng Juda","tr":"Asa","uk":"Аса (цар Юдеї)","ur":"آسا","uz":"Asa","war":"Asa han Juda","wo":"Asaf","yi":"אסא","zh":"亞撒","zh-yue":"亞撒"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Asa (- Allah telah menyatakan; ; ) merupakan raja ketiga dari Kerajaan Yehuda menurut catatan Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen (). Ayahnya adalah raja Abia bin Rehabeam bin Salomo bin Daud. Nama neneknya yang perempuan ialah Maakha, anak Abisalom. Asa merupakan seorang raja baik yang pemerintahannya ditandai oleh kesetiaan kepada Allah. Akan tetapi, ia gagal mempercayai Allah sepenuhnya pada tahun-tahun terakhir (lihat ). Masa pemerintahannya itu penting karena ia menuntun bangsa itu meninggalkan semua kebiasaan fasik dan berbalik dari semua perbuatan jahat orang Kanaan. Kebangkitan rohani yang sejati senantiasa mencakup hal meninggalkan perbuatan yang tidak menyenangkan hati Allah dan melanggar firman-Nya ( untuk keterangan selanjutnya mengenai masa pemerintahan Asa). Kitab Raja-raja memuji intervensinya melawan pelacuran kenisah dan melawan pemujaan berhala.\n\nAsa menggerakkan raja Aram Ben-Hadad, untuk menyerang Baesa, raja Israel, yang menyudutkan dirinya. Menurut Tawarikh ia membangun benteng-benteng dan sebuah pasukan yang tetap. Ia menang melawan bangsa Kush (Ethiopia) dan mengadakan pembaharuan perjanjian secara meriah. Menurut Kitab 1 Raja-raja seluruh riwayat Asa dan segala kepahlawanannya dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kota-kota yang diperkuatnya tertulis dalam \"Kitab sejarah raja-raja Yehuda\", yang saat ini belum ditemukan salinannya.\n\nMenurut Alkitab Asa melakukan apa yang benar di mata TUHAN seperti Daud, bapa leluhurnya. Ia menyingkirkan pelacuran bakti dari negeri itu dan menjauhkan segala berhala yang dibuat oleh nenek moyangnya. Ia menjauhkan mezbah-mezbah asing dan bukit-bukit pengorbanan, memecahkan tugu-tugu berhala, dan menghancurkan tiang-tiang berhala. Bahkan ia memecat Maakha, neneknya, dari pangkat ibu suri, karena neneknya itu membuat patung Asyera yang keji. Asa merobohkan patung yang keji itu dan membakarnya di lembah Kidron. Ia memerintahkan orang Yehuda supaya mereka mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dan mematuhi hukum dan perintah. Ia menjauhkan bukit-bukit pengorbanan dan pedupaan-pedupaan dari segala kota di Yehuda. Dan kerajaanpun aman di bawah pemerintahannya. Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak seluruhnya dijauhkan, namun Asa berpaut kepada TUHAN dengan segenap hatinya sepanjang umurnya. Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah TUHAN, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain.\n\nKarena negeri itu aman dan tidak ada yang memeranginya pada tahun-tahun awal pemerintahan Asa, ia dapat membangun kota-kota benteng di Yehuda; TUHAN telah mengaruniakan keamanan kepadanya. Katanya kepada orang Yehuda: \"Marilah kita memperkuat kota-kota ini dan mengelilinginya dengan tembok beserta menara-menaranya, pintu-pintunya dan palang-palangnya. Negeri ini masih dalam tangan kita, karena kita mencari TUHAN Allah kita dan Ia mencari kita serta mengaruniakan keamanan kepada kita di segala penjuru.\" Maka mereka melaksanakan pembangunan itu dengan berhasil. Pasukan-pasukan Asa yang dari Yehuda jumlahnya 300.000 orang yang membawa perisai besar dan tombak, dan yang dari Benyamin jumlahnya 280.000 orang yang membawa perisai kecil, sebagai pemanah. Mereka semua pahlawan-pahlawan yang gagah perkasa.\n\nSetelah Asa memerintah dengan damai selama sepuluh tahun, Zerah, orang Etiopia itu, maju berperang melawan Asa dengan tentara sebanyak sejuta orang dan tiga ratus kereta. Ia sampai ke Maresa. Lalu Asa maju menghadapinya. Mereka mengatur barisan perangnya di lembah Zefata dekat Maresa. Kemudian Asa berseru kepada TUHAN, Allahnya: \"Ya TUHAN, selain daripada Engkau, tidak ada yang dapat menolong yang lemah terhadap yang kuat. Tolonglah kami ya TUHAN, Allah kami, karena kepada-Mulah kami bersandar dan dengan nama-Mu kami maju melawan pasukan yang besar jumlahnya ini. Ya TUHAN, Engkau Allah kami, jangan biarkan seorang manusia mempunyai kekuatan untuk melawan Engkau!\" Dan TUHAN memukul kalah orang-orang Etiopia itu di hadapan Asa dan Yehuda. Orang-orang Etiopia itu lari, lalu dikejar oleh Asa dan laskarnya sampai ke Gerar. Dari orang-orang Etiopia itu amat banyak yang tewas, sehingga tidak ada yang tinggal hidup, karena mereka hancur di hadapan TUHAN dan tentaranya. Orang-orang Yehuda memperoleh jarahan yang sangat besar. Mereka mengalahkan semua kota di sekeliling Gerar, karena ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa penduduknya. Mereka menjarahi semua kota itu, karena jarahan yang besar terdapat di situ. Tenda-tenda pemilik ternakpun direbut mereka, dan banyak kambing domba dan unta diangkutnya sebagai jarahan, lalu mereka kembali ke Yerusalem.\n\nNabi Azarya bin Oded dihinggapi Roh Allah. Ia pergi menemui Asa dan berkata kepadanya: \"Dengarlah kepadaku, Asa dan seluruh Yehuda dan Benyamin! TUHAN beserta dengan kamu bilamana kamu beserta dengan Dia. Bilamana kamu mencari-Nya, Ia berkenan ditemui olehmu, tetapi bilamana kamu meninggalkan-Nya, kamu akan ditinggalkan-Nya. Lama sekali Israel tanpa Allah yang benar, tanpa ajaran daripada imam dan tanpa hukum. Tetapi dalam kesesakan mereka berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah orang Israel. Mereka mencari-Nya, dan Ia berkenan ditemui oleh mereka. Pada zaman itu tidak dapat orang pergi dan pulang dengan selamat, karena terdapat kekacauan yang besar di antara segenap penduduk daerah-daerah. Bangsa menghancurkan bangsa, kota menghancurkan kota, karena Allah mengacaukan mereka dengan berbagai-bagai kesesakan. Tetapi kamu ini, kuatkanlah hatimu, jangan lemah semangatmu, karena ada upah bagi usahamu!\"\n\nKetika Asa mendengar perkataan nubuat yang diucapkan oleh nabi Azarya bin Oded itu, ia menguatkan hatinya dan menyingkirkan dewa-dewa kejijikan dari seluruh tanah Yehuda dan Benyamin dan dari kota-kota yang direbutnya di pegunungan Efraim. Ia membaharui mezbah TUHAN yang ada di depan balai Bait Suci TUHAN. Ia mengumpulkan seluruh Yehuda dan Benyamin dan orang-orang Efraim, Manasye dan Simeon yang tinggal di antara mereka sebagai orang asing. Sebab dari Israel banyak yang menyeberang memihak kepadanya ketika mereka melihat bahwa TUHAN, Allahnya, beserta dengan dia. Mereka berkumpul di Yerusalem pada bulan ketiga tahun kelima belas dari pemerintahan Asa. Pada hari itu mereka mempersembahkan kepada TUHAN tujuh ratus lembu sapi dan tujuh ribu kambing domba dari jarahan yang mereka bawa pulang. Mereka mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa. Setiap orang, baik anak-anak atau orang dewasa, baik laki-laki atau perempuan, yang tidak mencari TUHAN, Allah Israel, harus dihukum mati. Mereka bersumpah setia kepada TUHAN dengan suara yang nyaring, dengan sorak-sorai dan dengan tiupan nafiri dan sangkakala. Seluruh Yehuda bersukaria atas sumpah itu, karena dengan segenap hati mereka bersumpah setia dan dengan kehendak yang bulat mereka mencari TUHAN. TUHAN berkenan ditemui oleh mereka dan mengaruniakan keamanan kepada mereka di segala penjuru. Bahkan raja Asa memecat Maakha, neneknya, dari pangkat ibu suri, karena neneknya itu membuat patung Asyera yang keji. Asa merobohkan patung yang keji itu, menumbuknya sampai halus dan membakarnya di lembah Kidron. Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak dijauhkan dari Israel, namun hati Asa tulus ikhlas sepanjang umurnya. Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah Allah, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain. Tidak ada perang sampai pada tahun ketiga puluh lima pemerintahan Asa.\n\nAda perang antara Asa dan Baesa, raja Israel, sepanjang umur mereka. Pada tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda (tahun ke-17 pemerintahan Asa), Baesa, raja Israel, maju berperang melawan Yehuda, dan ia memperkuat Rama, dengan maksud mencegah lalu lintas kepada Asa, raja Yehuda. Tetapi Asa mengambil segala emas dan perak yang masih tinggal dalam perbendaharaan rumah TUHAN dan dalam perbendaharaan rumah raja dan menyerahkannya kepada pegawainya. Kemudian raja Asa mengutus mereka kepada Benhadad bin Tabrimon bin Hezion, raja Aram yang diam di Damsyik, dengan membawa pesan: \"Ada perjanjian antara aku dan engkau, antara ayahku dan ayahmu. Di sini kukirim kepadamu suatu bingkisan, yakni emas dan perak. Marilah, batalkanlah perjanjianmu dengan Baesa, raja Israel, supaya ia undur daripadaku.\" Lalu Benhadad mendengarkan permintaan raja Asa; ia menyuruh panglima-panglimanya menyerang kota-kota Israel dan ia mengalahkan Iyon, Dan, Abel-Bet-Maakha, Abel-Maim dan seluruh Kinerot serta seluruh tanah Naftali. Segera sesudah Baesa mendengar hal itu, ia berhenti memperkuat Rama dan ia menetap di Tirza. Tetapi raja Asa mengerahkan segenap orang Yehuda, seorangpun tiada yang terkecuali; mereka harus mengangkat batu dan kayu yang dipergunakan Baesa untuk memperkuat Rama. Raja Asa mempergunakannya untuk memperkuat Geba-Benyamin dan Mizpa.\n\nPada waktu itu datanglah Hanani, pelihat itu, kepada Asa, raja Yehuda, katanya kepadanya: \"Karena engkau bersandar kepada raja Aram dan tidak bersandar kepada TUHAN Allahmu, oleh karena itu terluputlah tentara raja Aram dari tanganmu. Bukankah tentara orang Etiopia dan Libia besar jumlahnya, kereta dan orang berkudanya sangat banyak? Namun TUHAN telah menyerahkan mereka ke dalam tanganmu, karena engkau bersandar kepada-Nya. Karena mata TUHAN menjelajah seluruh bumi untuk melimpahkan kekuatan-Nya kepada mereka yang bersungguh hati terhadap Dia. Dalam hal ini engkau telah berlaku bodoh, oleh sebab itu mulai sekarang ini engkau akan mengalami peperangan.\" Maka sakit hatilah Asa karena perkataan pelihat itu, sehingga ia memasukkannya ke dalam penjara, sebab memang ia sangat marah terhadap dia karena perkara itu. Pada waktu itu Asa menganiaya juga beberapa orang dari rakyat.\n\nPada masa tuanya, yaitu pada tahun ke-39 pemerintahannya, Asa menderita sakit pada kedua kakinya yang kemudian menjadi semakin parah. Namun dalam kesakitannya itu ia tidak mencari pertolongan TUHAN, tetapi pertolongan tabib-tabib. Asa gagal untuk terus bertekun dalam mencari Allah ketika usianya sudah lebih tua. Ialah contoh bagi semua orang percaya bahwa memang mungkin untuk jatuh dari kesetiaan kepada Allah sekalipun telah ikut ambil bagian di dalam pembaharuan rohani yang besar. Tiga bukti kemerosotan rohaninya diberikan dalam pasal ini. Ia berhenti bersandar kepada Allah dan malahan mempercayai sumber daya manusia (). Ia menolak dan menganiaya nabi Allah (). Suatu tanda kemerosotan rohani yang tidak dapat disangkal ialah penolakan nabi-nabi Allah yang membawa firman teguran dan pembetulan dari-Nya (; lihat ). Ketika menderita secara jasmaniah, daripada mencari Allah dahulu untuk pengertian dan penyembuhan, dia hanya meminta bantuan para dokter yang mungkin menggunakan berbagai mantra dan obat-obat dari kekuatan gaib ().\n\nKemudian Asa mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya. Ia mati pada tahun ke-41 pemerintahannya, dan dikuburkan di kuburan yang telah digali baginya, di samping nenek moyangnya di kota Daud, bapa leluhurnya. Orang-orang membaringkannya di atas petiduran yang penuh dengan rempah-rempah dan segala macam rempah-rempah campuran yang dicampur menurut cara pencampur rempah-rempah, lalu menyalakan api yang sangat besar untuk menghormatinya. Maka Yosafat, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.\n\nAsa mulai menjadi raja atas Yehuda dalam tahun kedua puluh zaman Yerobeam, raja Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:9). Ia memerintah di Yerusalem 41 tahun lamanya\n\nMenurut perhitungan kronologi Edwin R. Thiele, Asa mulai memerintah sekitar September 911 SM - April 910 SM (\"911 SM\") sampai meninggalnya sekitar September 870 SM - April 869 SM (\"870 SM\"). Tahun ke-1: bertepatan dengan tahun ke-21 pecahnya kerajaan Israel, sekaligus permulaan Kerajaan Yehuda dan tahun ke-20 pemerintahan Yerobeam (menurut \"metode tahun naik tahta\"). (\"911 SM\") Tahun ke-2 (tahun ke-22 Kerajaan Yehuda): Nadab, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:25; \"910 SM\") Tahun ke-3 (tahun ke-23 Kerajaan Yehuda): Baesa bin Ahia menjadi raja atas seluruh Israel di Tirza. (\"909 SM\") Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa. (\"906 SM\") Tahun ke-10 (tahun ke-30 Kerajaan Yehuda): Negeri itu aman selama sepuluh tahun pertama pemerintahan Asa (2 Tawarikh 14:1). (tahun 910 SM sampai 900 SM) Tahun ke-15 (tahun ke-35 Kerajaan Yehuda) bulan ke-3: Asa dan orang-orang Israel mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa (2 Tawarikh 15:10). (\"895 SM\") Tahun ke-16 (tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda): majulah Baesa, raja Israel, hendak berperang melawan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 16:1). Asa mengikat perjanjian dengan Ben-Hadad, raja Aram, yang kemudian menyerang Israel, sehingga Baesa tidak jadi menyerang. (\"894 SM\") Tahun ke-26 (tahun ke-46 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela, anak Baesa, menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza (1 Raja-raja 16:8; \"886 SM\") Tahun ke-27 (tahun ke-47 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela dibunuh dan Zimri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. Hanya memerintah 7 hari, Zimri bunuh diri. Tibni dan Omri bersaing menjadi raja Israel. (\"885 SM\") Tahun ke-31 (tahun ke-51 Kerajaan Yehuda): Setelah Tibni mati, Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. (880 SM) Tahun ke-38 (tahun ke-58 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun naik tahta (ke-0) Ahab): Ahab bin Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. (\"874 SM\") Tahun ke-39 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-60 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-2 Ahab): Asa mengalami penyakit di kedua kakinya (2 Tawarikh 16:12; \"872 SM\") Sebelumnya, Yosafat bin Asa sudah dijadikan \"raja bersama\" dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM. Tahun ke-41 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-62 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan Yosafat, putranya, sejak itu menjadi raja sendirian (2 Tawarikh 16:13; \"870 SM\")\n\nAbia Absalom Yosafat Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: 1 Raja-raja 15-16, 2 Tawarikh 13-16.\n\nKamus Alkitab - Asa\n\nKategori:Raja Yehuda\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox orang}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asa (- Allah telah menyatakan; ; ) merupakan raja ketiga dari Kerajaan Yehuda menurut catatan Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen ().","translated_text":"Asa (- God has declared; ) was the third king of the Kingdom of Judah according to the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament accounts of the Christian Bible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayahnya adalah raja Abia bin Rehabeam bin Salomo bin Daud.","translated_text":"His father was king Abijah the son of Rehoboam the son of Solomon the son of David.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama neneknya yang perempuan ialah Maakha, anak Abisalom.","translated_text":"And the name of his grandmother was Maacah, the daughter of Absalom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:10}}</ref>","char_index":57,"name":"1Raj15_10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa merupakan seorang raja baik yang pemerintahannya ditandai oleh kesetiaan kepada Allah.","translated_text":"Asa was a good king whose rule was marked by loyalty to God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, ia gagal mempercayai Allah sepenuhnya pada tahun-tahun terakhir (lihat ).","translated_text":"In his later years, however, he failed to have complete faith in God. (See.)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa pemerintahannya itu penting karena ia menuntun bangsa itu meninggalkan semua kebiasaan fasik dan berbalik dari semua perbuatan jahat orang Kanaan.","translated_text":"His reign was significant because he led the nation away from all its wicked practices and from all the bad practices of the Canaanites.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kebangkitan rohani yang sejati senantiasa mencakup hal meninggalkan perbuatan yang tidak menyenangkan hati Allah dan melanggar firman-Nya ( untuk keterangan selanjutnya mengenai masa pemerintahan Asa).","translated_text":"A true spiritual resurrection always involves abandoning an act that displeases God and breaking his word (for further information on Asa's reign).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=fulllife/>","char_index":201,"name":"fulllife","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kitab Raja-raja memuji intervensinya melawan pelacuran kenisah dan melawan pemujaan berhala.","translated_text":"The Book of Kings praises his intervention against solitary prostitution and idolatry.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asa menggerakkan raja Aram Ben-Hadad, untuk menyerang Baesa, raja Israel, yang menyudutkan dirinya.","translated_text":"And Asa stirred up Ben-hadad king of Syria against Baasha king of Israel, and he smote himself.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut Tawarikh ia membangun benteng-benteng dan sebuah pasukan yang tetap.","translated_text":"According to the Chronicles, he built forts and a standing army.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menang melawan bangsa Kush (Ethiopia) dan mengadakan pembaharuan perjanjian secara meriah.","translated_text":"He defeated the Cushites (Ethiopians) and vigorously renewed the covenant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut Kitab 1 Raja-raja seluruh riwayat Asa dan segala kepahlawanannya dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kota-kota yang diperkuatnya tertulis dalam \"Kitab sejarah raja-raja Yehuda\", yang saat ini belum ditemukan salinannya.","translated_text":"And the rest of the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that he did, and the cities which he fortified, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_23\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:23}}</ref>","char_index":224,"name":"1Raj15_23","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ketaatan pada Tuhan","translated_text":"Obedience to God","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Alkitab Asa melakukan apa yang benar di mata TUHAN seperti Daud, bapa leluhurnya.","translated_text":"According to the Bible, Asa did what was right in Jehovah's eyes, just as his ancestor David did.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menyingkirkan pelacuran bakti dari negeri itu dan menjauhkan segala berhala yang dibuat oleh nenek moyangnya.","translated_text":"And he removed the prostitution of the land, and all the idols that his fathers had made.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjauhkan mezbah-mezbah asing dan bukit-bukit pengorbanan, memecahkan tugu-tugu berhala, dan menghancurkan tiang-tiang berhala.","translated_text":"He removed foreign altars and sacrificial hills, broke down the pillars of idols, and destroyed the pillars of idols.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahkan ia memecat Maakha, neneknya, dari pangkat ibu suri, karena neneknya itu membuat patung Asyera yang keji.","translated_text":"And he dismissed Maacah his grandmother from her stewardship, because she had made the Asherah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa merobohkan patung yang keji itu dan membakarnya di lembah Kidron.","translated_text":"And Asa broke down the abominable statue, and burned it in the valley of Kidron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia memerintahkan orang Yehuda supaya mereka mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dan mematuhi hukum dan perintah.","translated_text":"And he commanded Judah to seek Jehovah the God of their fathers, and to keep his statutes and his ordinances.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjauhkan bukit-bukit pengorbanan dan pedupaan-pedupaan dari segala kota di Yehuda.","translated_text":"And he removed from all the cities of Judah the hills of sacrifice and the high places.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan kerajaanpun aman di bawah pemerintahannya.","translated_text":"And his kingdom is safe under his rule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak seluruhnya dijauhkan, namun Asa berpaut kepada TUHAN dengan segenap hatinya sepanjang umurnya.","translated_text":"And the hills were not entirely removed; but Asa was devoted to Jehovah with all his heart all the days of his life.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah TUHAN, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain.","translated_text":"And he brought the holy things of his father, and his own holy things, gold and silver, and vessels, into the house of Jehovah.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:11-15}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:3-5}}</ref>","char_index":156,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembangunan kota-kota benteng","translated_text":"Construction of fortified cities","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena negeri itu aman dan tidak ada yang memeranginya pada tahun-tahun awal pemerintahan Asa, ia dapat membangun kota-kota benteng di Yehuda; TUHAN telah mengaruniakan keamanan kepadanya.","translated_text":"And the land was secure, and there was no man to fight against it in the first years of Asa's reign; and he built fortified cities in Judah; and Jehovah gave him peace.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Katanya kepada orang Yehuda: \"Marilah kita memperkuat kota-kota ini dan mengelilinginya dengan tembok beserta menara-menaranya, pintu-pintunya dan palang-palangnya.","translated_text":"And he said to the men of Judah, Come, let us strengthen these cities, and surround them with walls, and with towers, and with gates, and with bars.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Negeri ini masih dalam tangan kita, karena kita mencari TUHAN Allah kita dan Ia mencari kita serta mengaruniakan keamanan kepada kita di segala penjuru.\"","translated_text":"And the land is in our hand, because we have sought Jehovah our God, and he has sought us, and has given us peace on every side.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka mereka melaksanakan pembangunan itu dengan berhasil.","translated_text":"So they built it successfully.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pasukan","translated_text":"The troops","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-pasukan Asa yang dari Yehuda jumlahnya 300.000 orang yang membawa perisai besar dan tombak, dan yang dari Benyamin jumlahnya 280.000 orang yang membawa perisai kecil, sebagai pemanah.","translated_text":"And of the band of Asa, of Judah, three hundred thousand shield-bearers and spears; and of Benjamin, two hundred and eighty thousand shield-bearers and archers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka semua pahlawan-pahlawan yang gagah perkasa.","translated_text":"They're all mighty heroes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:6-8}}</ref>","char_index":50,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kemenangan atas Zerah, orang Etiopia","translated_text":"Victory over Zerah the Ethiopian","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah Asa memerintah dengan damai selama sepuluh tahun, Zerah, orang Etiopia itu, maju berperang melawan Asa dengan tentara sebanyak sejuta orang dan tiga ratus kereta.","translated_text":"And it came to pass after Asa had reigned ten years in peace, that Zerah the Ethiopian came up against him with a thousand men and three hundred chariots.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[[2 Tawarikh 14:1]]</ref>","char_index":57,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia sampai ke Maresa.","translated_text":"He got to Maresa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lalu Asa maju menghadapinya.","translated_text":"And Asa went forth to meet him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mengatur barisan perangnya di lembah Zefata dekat Maresa.","translated_text":"They organized their ranks in the valley of Zephthah near Maresa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian Asa berseru kepada TUHAN, Allahnya: \"Ya TUHAN, selain daripada Engkau, tidak ada yang dapat menolong yang lemah terhadap yang kuat.","translated_text":"And Asa cried to Jehovah his God, and said, Jehovah, there is none besides thee to help the weak against the strong.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tolonglah kami ya TUHAN, Allah kami, karena kepada-Mulah kami bersandar dan dengan nama-Mu kami maju melawan pasukan yang besar jumlahnya ini.","translated_text":"Help us, Jehovah our God; for in thee we rely, and in thy name we go up against this great multitude.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ya TUHAN, Engkau Allah kami, jangan biarkan seorang manusia mempunyai kekuatan untuk melawan Engkau!\"","translated_text":"Jehovah, thou art our God; let no man be strong against thee.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan TUHAN memukul kalah orang-orang Etiopia itu di hadapan Asa dan Yehuda.","translated_text":"And Jehovah smote the Ethiopians before Asa and before Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang","translated_text":"People.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-orang Etiopia itu lari, lalu dikejar oleh Asa dan laskarnya sampai ke Gerar.","translated_text":"And the Ethiopian fled, and Asa and his army pursued after him, even to Gerar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari orang-orang Etiopia itu amat banyak yang tewas, sehingga tidak ada yang tinggal hidup, karena mereka hancur di hadapan TUHAN dan tentaranya.","translated_text":"And the Ethiopians were slain exceedingly, so that there was none remaining; for they were destroyed before Jehovah and before his host.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang","translated_text":"People.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-orang Yehuda memperoleh jarahan yang sangat besar.","translated_text":"-the people of Judah gained a very great spoil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mengalahkan semua kota di sekeliling Gerar, karena ketakutan yang dari TUHAN menimpa penduduknya.","translated_text":"And they smote all the cities that were round about Gerar, because the fear of Jehovah was upon the inhabitants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menjarahi semua kota itu, karena jarahan yang besar terdapat di situ.","translated_text":"And they marched against all the cities, because there was a great spoil there.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tenda","translated_text":"The tent","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-tenda pemilik ternakpun direbut mereka, dan banyak kambing domba dan unta diangkutnya sebagai jarahan, lalu mereka kembali ke Yerusalem.","translated_text":"And they took the tents of the owner of the cattle, and carried many sheep and camels as spoil; and they returned to Jerusalem.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:9-15}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembaharuan","translated_text":"Refurbished","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nabi Azarya bin Oded dihinggapi Roh Allah.","translated_text":"And the prophet Azariah the son of Oded was filled with the Spirit of God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia pergi menemui Asa dan berkata kepadanya: \"Dengarlah kepadaku, Asa dan seluruh Yehuda dan Benyamin!","translated_text":"And he went to Asa, and said to him, Hear me, Asa, and all Judah and Benjamin:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"TUHAN beserta dengan kamu bilamana kamu beserta dengan Dia.","translated_text":"Jehovah is with you as you are with him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bilamana kamu mencari-Nya, Ia berkenan ditemui olehmu, tetapi bilamana kamu meninggalkan-Nya, kamu akan ditinggalkan-Nya.","translated_text":"If ye seek him, he will be found of you; but if ye forsake him, he will forsake you.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lama sekali Israel tanpa Allah yang benar, tanpa ajaran daripada imam dan tanpa hukum.","translated_text":"For a long time Israel was without a true God, without teaching or priesthood, and without law.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi dalam kesesakan mereka berbalik kepada TUHAN, Allah orang Israel.","translated_text":"But in their transgression they returned to Jehovah the God of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mencari-Nya, dan Ia berkenan ditemui oleh mereka.","translated_text":"They sought him, and he was pleased to be found by them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada zaman itu tidak dapat orang pergi dan pulang dengan selamat, karena terdapat kekacauan yang besar di antara segenap penduduk daerah-daerah.","translated_text":"And it came to pass in those days that no man could go home safe; for there was great confusion among all the inhabitants of the regions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bangsa menghancurkan bangsa, kota menghancurkan kota, karena Allah mengacaukan mereka dengan berbagai-bagai kesesakan.","translated_text":"Nation shall destroy nation, and city shall destroy city; for God hath confused them with all manner of calamities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi kamu ini, kuatkanlah hatimu, jangan lemah semangatmu, karena ada upah bagi usahamu!\"","translated_text":"But you, be courageous and do not be discouraged, for there is a reward for your efforts\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:1-7}}</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketika Asa mendengar perkataan nubuat yang diucapkan oleh nabi Azarya bin Oded itu, ia menguatkan hatinya dan menyingkirkan dewa-dewa kejijikan dari seluruh tanah Yehuda dan Benyamin dan dari kota-kota yang direbutnya di pegunungan Efraim.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when Asa heard the words of Azariah the son of Oded the prophet, that he strengthened his heart, and removed the abominations from all Judah and Benjamin, and from the cities which he had taken in the hill country of Ephraim.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia membaharui mezbah TUHAN yang ada di depan balai Bait Suci TUHAN.","translated_text":"And he repaired the altar of Jehovah which was before the court of the house of Jehovah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengumpulkan seluruh Yehuda dan Benyamin dan orang-orang Efraim, Manasye dan Simeon yang tinggal di antara mereka sebagai orang asing.","translated_text":"And he gathered together all Judah and Benjamin, and Ephraim, and Manasseh, and Simeon, who sojourned among them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebab dari Israel banyak yang menyeberang memihak kepadanya ketika mereka melihat bahwa TUHAN, Allahnya, beserta dengan dia.","translated_text":"For many of the children of Israel went over to him, seeing that Jehovah his God was with him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka berkumpul di Yerusalem pada bulan ketiga tahun kelima belas dari pemerintahan Asa.","translated_text":"And they assembled themselves together at Jerusalem in the third month of the fifteenth year of Asa's reign.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada hari itu mereka mempersembahkan kepada TUHAN tujuh ratus lembu sapi dan tujuh ribu kambing domba dari jarahan yang mereka bawa pulang.","translated_text":"And they sacrificed to Jehovah in that day seven hundred oxen and seven thousand rams from the spoil that they had taken.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa.","translated_text":"And they made a covenant to seek Jehovah the God of their fathers with all their heart and with all their soul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap orang, baik anak-anak atau orang dewasa, baik laki-laki atau perempuan, yang tidak mencari TUHAN, Allah Israel, harus dihukum mati.","translated_text":"And every one that would not seek Jehovah the God of Israel, whether he be a child, or a man, or a woman, shall be put to death.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka bersumpah setia kepada TUHAN dengan suara yang nyaring, dengan sorak-sorai dan dengan tiupan nafiri dan sangkakala.","translated_text":"And they swore allegiance to Jehovah with a loud voice, and with shouting, and with the blowing of the trumpet, and with the sounding of the trumpet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seluruh Yehuda bersukaria atas sumpah itu, karena dengan segenap hati mereka bersumpah setia dan dengan kehendak yang bulat mereka mencari TUHAN.","translated_text":"And all Judah rejoiced at the oath; for they had sworn with all their heart, and had sought Jehovah with all their heart.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"TUHAN berkenan ditemui oleh mereka dan mengaruniakan keamanan kepada mereka di segala penjuru.","translated_text":"And Jehovah found favour with them, and gave them peace on every side.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:8-15}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahkan raja Asa memecat Maakha, neneknya, dari pangkat ibu suri, karena neneknya itu membuat patung Asyera yang keji.","translated_text":"And king Asa dismissed Maachah his mother-in-law, because she had made the Asherah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa merobohkan patung yang keji itu, menumbuknya sampai halus dan membakarnya di lembah Kidron.","translated_text":"And Asa broke down the abominable statue, and smote it to pieces, and burned it in the valley of Kidron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak dijauhkan dari Israel, namun hati Asa tulus ikhlas sepanjang umurnya.","translated_text":"Though the hills of sacrifice were not removed from Israel, Asa's heart was pure and upright all his days.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah Allah, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain.","translated_text":"And he brought his father's holy things, and his own holy things, gold, and silver, and vessels, into the house of God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak ada perang sampai pada tahun ketiga puluh lima pemerintahan Asa.","translated_text":"And there was no war until the thirty-fifth year of Asa's reign.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:16-19}}</ref>","char_index":70,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peperangan dengan Kerajaan Israel","translated_text":"War with the Kingdom of Israel","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ada perang antara Asa dan Baesa, raja Israel, sepanjang umur mereka.","translated_text":"And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all the days of their lives.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda (tahun ke-17 pemerintahan Asa), Baesa, raja Israel, maju berperang melawan Yehuda, dan ia memperkuat Rama, dengan maksud mencegah lalu lintas kepada Asa, raja Yehuda.","translated_text":"In the 36th year of the reign of Judah (the 17th year of Asa's reign), Baasha, king of Israel, went to war against Judah, and he fortified Ramah, intending to prevent traffic to Asa, king of Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi Asa mengambil segala emas dan perak yang masih tinggal dalam perbendaharaan rumah TUHAN dan dalam perbendaharaan rumah raja dan menyerahkannya kepada pegawainya.","translated_text":"And Asa took all the gold and silver that were left in the treasures of the house of Jehovah, and in the treasures of the king's house, and gave them to his servants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian raja Asa mengutus mereka kepada Benhadad bin Tabrimon bin Hezion, raja Aram yang diam di Damsyik, dengan membawa pesan: \"Ada perjanjian antara aku dan engkau, antara ayahku dan ayahmu.","translated_text":"And king Asa sent them to Ben-hadad the son of Tabrimon the son of Hezion, king of Syria, who dwelt at Damascus, saying, There is a covenant between me and thee, between my father and thy father.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sini kukirim kepadamu suatu bingkisan, yakni emas dan perak.","translated_text":"Behold, I send thee a present, gold and silver.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Marilah, batalkanlah perjanjianmu dengan Baesa, raja Israel, supaya ia undur daripadaku.\"","translated_text":"Come, break thy covenant with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lalu Benhadad mendengarkan permintaan raja Asa; ia menyuruh panglima-panglimanya menyerang kota-kota Israel dan ia mengalahkan Iyon, Dan, Abel-Bet-Maakha, Abel-Maim dan seluruh Kinerot serta seluruh tanah Naftali.","translated_text":"And Ben-Hadad heard the word of king Asa; and he sent his captains against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-bet-Maachah, and Abel-Maim, and all Kineroth, and all the land of Naphtali.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Segera sesudah Baesa mendengar hal itu, ia berhenti memperkuat Rama dan ia menetap di Tirza.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when Baasha heard of it, that he ceased to fortify Ramah, and dwelt at Tirzah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi raja Asa mengerahkan segenap orang Yehuda, seorangpun tiada yang terkecuali; mereka harus mengangkat batu dan kayu yang dipergunakan Baesa untuk memperkuat Rama.","translated_text":"And king Asa sent all the men of Judah, not one except one; and they took up the stones and the timber with which Baasha had fortified Ramah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Raja Asa mempergunakannya untuk memperkuat Geba-Benyamin dan Mizpa.","translated_text":"King Asa used it to strengthen Geba-Benjamin and Mizpah.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:16-11}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:32}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-6}}</ref>","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kemunduran rohani","translated_text":"Spiritual Decline","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada waktu itu datanglah Hanani, pelihat itu, kepada Asa, raja Yehuda, katanya kepadanya: \"Karena engkau bersandar kepada raja Aram dan tidak bersandar kepada TUHAN Allahmu, oleh karena itu terluputlah tentara raja Aram dari tanganmu.","translated_text":"At that time came Hananiah the seer to Asa king of Judah, and said to him, Because thou hast trusted in the king of Syria, and hast not trusted in Jehovah thy God, the army of the king of Syria is escaped out of thy hand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bukankah tentara orang Etiopia dan Libia besar jumlahnya, kereta dan orang berkudanya sangat banyak?","translated_text":"Were not the army of the Ethiopians and the Libyans great in number, and their chariots and their horsemen exceeding great?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun TUHAN telah menyerahkan mereka ke dalam tanganmu, karena engkau bersandar kepada-Nya.","translated_text":"And Jehovah delivered them into thy hand, because thou trustedst in him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena mata TUHAN menjelajah seluruh bumi untuk melimpahkan kekuatan-Nya kepada mereka yang bersungguh hati terhadap Dia.","translated_text":"For the eyes of Jehovah go about through all the earth, to show his strength unto them that are perfect in heart unto him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam hal ini engkau telah berlaku bodoh, oleh sebab itu mulai sekarang ini engkau akan mengalami peperangan.\"","translated_text":"In this you have acted foolishly, and from now on you will have wars\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka sakit hatilah Asa karena perkataan pelihat itu, sehingga ia memasukkannya ke dalam penjara, sebab memang ia sangat marah terhadap dia karena perkara itu.","translated_text":"And Asa was grieved at the words of the scribe, and put him in prison; for he was very angry with him for this matter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada waktu itu Asa menganiaya juga beberapa orang dari rakyat.","translated_text":"And Asa oppressed some of the people at that time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:7-10}}</ref>","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Masa tua dan kematian","translated_text":"Aging and Death","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada masa tuanya, yaitu pada tahun ke-39 pemerintahannya, Asa menderita sakit pada kedua kakinya yang kemudian menjadi semakin parah.","translated_text":"And it came to pass in his old age, in the 39th year of his reign, that Asa suffered a disease in both his feet, which became worse.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_23\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:23}}</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"1Raj15_23","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun dalam kesakitannya itu ia tidak mencari pertolongan TUHAN, tetapi pertolongan tabib-tabib.","translated_text":"And in his sickness he sought not the help of Jehovah, but the help of physicians.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12}}</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa gagal untuk terus bertekun dalam mencari Allah ketika usianya sudah lebih tua.","translated_text":"In his old age, Asa failed to keep on seeking God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ialah contoh bagi semua orang percaya bahwa memang mungkin untuk jatuh dari kesetiaan kepada Allah sekalipun telah ikut ambil bagian di dalam pembaharuan rohani yang besar.","translated_text":"He set an example for all who believe that it is possible to fall from loyalty to God even after taking part in a great spiritual renewal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga bukti kemerosotan rohaninya diberikan dalam pasal ini.","translated_text":"Three proofs of his spiritual decline are given in this chapter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia berhenti bersandar kepada Allah dan malahan mempercayai sumber daya manusia ().","translated_text":"He stopped relying on God and even relied on human resources.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menolak dan menganiaya nabi Allah ().","translated_text":"He rejected and persecuted God's prophet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suatu tanda kemerosotan rohani yang tidak dapat disangkal ialah penolakan nabi-nabi Allah yang membawa firman teguran dan pembetulan dari-Nya (; lihat ).","translated_text":"An undeniable sign of spiritual decline was the rejection of God's prophets who brought word of rebuke and correction from Him (see).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika menderita secara jasmaniah, daripada mencari Allah dahulu untuk pengertian dan penyembuhan, dia hanya meminta bantuan para dokter yang mungkin menggunakan berbagai mantra dan obat-obat dari kekuatan gaib ().","translated_text":"When suffering physically, instead of seeking God first for understanding and healing, he merely sought the help of doctors who may have used various spells and remedies of magical powers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=fulllife/>","char_index":214,"name":"fulllife","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kemudian Asa mendapat perhentian bersama-sama dengan nenek moyangnya.","translated_text":"And Asa rested with his fathers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mati pada tahun ke-41 pemerintahannya, dan dikuburkan di kuburan yang telah digali baginya, di samping nenek moyangnya di kota Daud, bapa leluhurnya.","translated_text":"And he died in the forty-first year of his reign, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang","translated_text":"People.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-orang membaringkannya di atas petiduran yang penuh dengan rempah-rempah dan segala macam rempah-rempah campuran yang dicampur menurut cara pencampur rempah-rempah, lalu menyalakan api yang sangat besar untuk menghormatinya.","translated_text":"They lay it on a bed full of spices and all kinds of mixed spices, mixed according to the way of the spices; and they kindled a great fire to honour it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka Yosafat, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.","translated_text":"And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:24}}</ref>","char_index":53,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:13-14}}</ref>","char_index":53,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perhitungan waktu","translated_text":"Calculation of time","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asa mulai menjadi raja atas Yehuda dalam tahun kedua puluh zaman Yerobeam, raja Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:9).","translated_text":"Asa became king of Judah in the twentieth year of Jeroboam, king of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia memerintah di Yerusalem 41 tahun lamanya","translated_text":"He reigned in Jerusalem for 41 years","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:10}}</ref>","char_index":43,"name":"1Raj15_10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut perhitungan kronologi Edwin R. Thiele, Asa mulai memerintah sekitar September 911 SM - April 910 SM (\"911 SM\") sampai meninggalnya sekitar September 870 SM - April 869 SM (\"870 SM\").","translated_text":"According to the chronological calculations of Edwin R. Thiele, Asa reigned from about September 911 B.C. - April 910 B.C. (\"911 B.C.\") until his death around September 870 B.C. - April 869 B.C. (\"870 B.C\".).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-1: bertepatan dengan tahun ke-21 pecahnya kerajaan Israel, sekaligus permulaan Kerajaan Yehuda dan tahun ke-20 pemerintahan Yerobeam (menurut \"metode tahun naik tahta\").","translated_text":"Year 1: coincides with the 21st year of the breakup of the kingdom of Israel, as well as the beginning of the Kingdom of Judah and the 20th year of Jeroboam's reign (according to \"the method of years of ascending the throne\").","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"911 SM\") Tahun ke-2 (tahun ke-22 Kerajaan Yehuda): Nadab, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:25; \"910 SM\") Tahun ke-3 (tahun ke-23 Kerajaan Yehuda):","translated_text":"(\"911 B.C.E\".) 2nd year (22nd year of the Kingdom of Judah): Nadab, son of Jeroboam, becomes king of Israel (1 Kings 15:25; \"910 B.C.E.) 3rd year (23rd year of the Kingdom of Judah):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 910 SM - April 909 SM. Dari McFall 1991, no. 6.</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Baesa bin Ahia menjadi raja atas seluruh Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"And Baasha the son of Ahijah reigned over all Israel at Tirzah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:33}}</ref>","char_index":57,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"909 SM\") Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa.","translated_text":"(909 B.C.E.) Jehoshaphat was born to Azuba the son of Shilhi to Asa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 909 SM - April 908 SM. Dari McFall 1991, no. 7</ref>","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"906 SM\") Tahun ke-10 (tahun ke-30 Kerajaan Yehuda):","translated_text":"(906 B.C.) Year 10 (the 30th year of the Kingdom of Judah):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Negeri itu aman selama sepuluh tahun pertama pemerintahan Asa (2 Tawarikh 14:1).","translated_text":"The land was secure for the first ten years of Asa's reign.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(tahun 910 SM sampai 900 SM) Tahun ke-15 (tahun ke-35 Kerajaan Yehuda) bulan ke-3: Asa dan orang-orang Israel mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa (2 Tawarikh 15:10).","translated_text":"(year 910 B.C.E. to 900 B.C.E.) 15th year (35th year of the Kingdom of Judah) 3rd month: Asa and the Israelites make a covenant to seek Jehovah, the God of their forefathers, with all their heart and soul. - 2 Chronicles 15:10.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"895 SM\") Tahun ke-16 (tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda): majulah Baesa, raja Israel, hendak berperang melawan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 16:1).","translated_text":"(895 B.C.E.) 16th year (36th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Baasha, king of Israel, comes to war against Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 896 sampai September 895 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 9</ref>","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa mengikat perjanjian dengan Ben-Hadad, raja Aram, yang kemudian menyerang Israel, sehingga Baesa tidak jadi menyerang.","translated_text":"And Asa made a covenant with Ben-hadad king of Syria, who came against Israel; and Baasha was not able to attack.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:1-6}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-6}}</ref>","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"894 SM\") Tahun ke-26 (tahun ke-46 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela, anak Baesa, menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza (1 Raja-raja 16:8; \"886 SM\") Tahun ke-27 (tahun ke-47 Kerajaan Yehuda):","translated_text":"(\"894 B.C\".) 26th year (46th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Ela the son of Baasha becomes king over Israel at Tirzah (1 Kings 16:8; \"886 B.C\".) 27th year (47th year of the Kingdom of Judah):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 895 sampai September 894 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 11</ref>","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>September 886 SM - April 885 SM, menurut McFall 1991, no. 12</ref>","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ela dibunuh dan Zimri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"And Ela was slain, and Zimri reigned over Israel at Tirzah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10}}</ref>","char_index":56,"name":"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hanya memerintah 7 hari, Zimri bunuh diri.","translated_text":"Only ruled for seven days, Zimri committed suicide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:18}}</ref>","char_index":42,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tibni dan Omri bersaing menjadi raja Israel.","translated_text":"Tibni and Omri compete to become kings of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:21}}</ref>","char_index":44,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"885 SM\") Tahun ke-31 (tahun ke-51 Kerajaan Yehuda): Setelah Tibni mati, Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"(\"885 B.C.E\".) 31st year (51st year of the Kingdom of Judah): After the death of Tibni, Omri becomes king over Israel at Tirzah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 885 SM - April 884 SM, menurut McFall 1991, no. 13,14</ref>","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10}}</ref>","char_index":113,"name":"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:23}}</ref>","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(880 SM) Tahun ke-38 (tahun ke-58 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun naik tahta (ke-0) Ahab):","translated_text":"(880 B.C.E.) The thirty-eighth year (58th year of the Kingdom of Judah; year of Ahab's ascension (to 0):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>April - September 880 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 15</ref>","char_index":8,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ahab bin Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"And Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel at Tirzah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:29}}</ref>","char_index":48,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(\"874 SM\") Tahun ke-39 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-60 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-2 Ahab):","translated_text":"(\"874 B.C\".) The 39th year (\"method of year ascending the throne\"; the 60th year of the Kingdom of Judah; the 2nd year of Ahab):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 874 SM - April 873 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 16</ref>","char_index":10,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa mengalami penyakit di kedua kakinya (2 Tawarikh 16:12; \"872 SM\") Sebelumnya, Yosafat bin Asa sudah dijadikan \"raja bersama\" dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM.","translated_text":"(2 Chronicles 16:12; \"872 B.C.E\".) Earlier, Asa's son Jehoshaphat had been \"king with\" his father since September 873 B.C.E.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 872 SM - April 871 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 17</ref>","char_index":68,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun ke-41 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-62 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-4 Ahab):","translated_text":"41st year (\"method of years of ascending the throne\"; 62nd year of the Kingdom of Judah; 4th year of Ahab):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asa mati dan Yosafat, putranya, sejak itu menjadi raja sendirian (2 Tawarikh 16:13; \"870 SM\")","translated_text":"(2 Chronicles 16:13; \"870 B.C.E\".)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 870 SM - April 869 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 5, 18</ref>","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abia Absalom Yosafat Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: 1 Raja-raja 15-16, 2 Tawarikh 13-16.","translated_text":"Abiah Absalom Jehoshaphat Related parts of the Bible: 1 Kings 15-16, 2 Chronicles 13-16.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pustaka","translated_text":"The library","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kamus Alkitab - Asa","translated_text":"The Bible dictionary - Asa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Raja Yehuda","translated_text":"Category:King of Judah","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Asa (- Allah telah menyatakan; ; ) merupakan raja ketiga dari Kerajaan Yehuda menurut catatan Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen (). Ayahnya adalah raja Abia bin Rehabeam bin Salomo bin Daud. Nama neneknya yang perempuan ialah Maakha, anak Abisalom.","translated_text":"Asa (- God has declared; ) was the third king of the Kingdom of Judah according to the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament accounts of the Christian Bible. His father was king Abijah the son of Rehoboam the son of Solomon the son of David. And the name of his grandmother was Maacah, the daughter of Absalom.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:10}}</ref>","char_index":268,"name":"1Raj15_10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, ia gagal mempercayai Allah sepenuhnya pada tahun-tahun terakhir (lihat ). Masa pemerintahannya itu penting karena ia menuntun bangsa itu meninggalkan semua kebiasaan fasik dan berbalik dari semua perbuatan jahat orang Kanaan. Kebangkitan rohani yang sejati senantiasa mencakup hal meninggalkan perbuatan yang tidak menyenangkan hati Allah dan melanggar firman-Nya ( untuk keterangan selanjutnya mengenai masa pemerintahan Asa).","translated_text":"In his later years, however, he failed to have complete faith in God. (See.) His reign was significant because he led the nation away from all its wicked practices and from all the bad practices of the Canaanites. A true spiritual resurrection always involves abandoning an act that displeases God and breaking his word (for further information on Asa's reign).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=fulllife/>","char_index":440,"name":"fulllife","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut Tawarikh ia membangun benteng-benteng dan sebuah pasukan yang tetap. Ia menang melawan bangsa Kush (Ethiopia) dan mengadakan pembaharuan perjanjian secara meriah. Menurut Kitab 1 Raja-raja seluruh riwayat Asa dan segala kepahlawanannya dan segala yang dilakukannya dan kota-kota yang diperkuatnya tertulis dalam \"Kitab sejarah raja-raja Yehuda\", yang saat ini belum ditemukan salinannya.","translated_text":"According to the Chronicles, he built forts and a standing army. He defeated the Cushites (Ethiopians) and vigorously renewed the covenant. And the rest of the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that he did, and the cities which he fortified, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_23\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:23}}</ref>","char_index":395,"name":"1Raj15_23","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dan kerajaanpun aman di bawah pemerintahannya. Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak seluruhnya dijauhkan, namun Asa berpaut kepada TUHAN dengan segenap hatinya sepanjang umurnya. Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah TUHAN, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain.","translated_text":"And his kingdom is safe under his rule. And the hills were not entirely removed; but Asa was devoted to Jehovah with all his heart all the days of his life. And he brought the holy things of his father, and his own holy things, gold and silver, and vessels, into the house of Jehovah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:11-15}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:3-5}}</ref>","char_index":338,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pasukan -pasukan Asa yang dari Yehuda jumlahnya 300.000 orang yang membawa perisai besar dan tombak, dan yang dari Benyamin jumlahnya 280.000 orang yang membawa perisai kecil, sebagai pemanah. Mereka semua pahlawan-pahlawan yang gagah perkasa.","translated_text":"The troops And of the band of Asa, of Judah, three hundred thousand shield-bearers and spears; and of Benjamin, two hundred and eighty thousand shield-bearers and archers. They're all mighty heroes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:6-8}}</ref>","char_index":243,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah Asa memerintah dengan damai selama sepuluh tahun, Zerah, orang Etiopia itu, maju berperang melawan Asa dengan tentara sebanyak sejuta orang dan tiga ratus kereta.","translated_text":"And it came to pass after Asa had reigned ten years in peace, that Zerah the Ethiopian came up against him with a thousand men and three hundred chariots.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>[[2 Tawarikh 14:1]]</ref>","char_index":57,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mereka menjarahi semua kota itu, karena jarahan yang besar terdapat di situ. Tenda -tenda pemilik ternakpun direbut mereka, dan banyak kambing domba dan unta diangkutnya sebagai jarahan, lalu mereka kembali ke Yerusalem.","translated_text":"And they marched against all the cities, because there was a great spoil there. The tent And they took the tents of the owner of the cattle, and carried many sheep and camels as spoil; and they returned to Jerusalem.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 14:9-15}}</ref>","char_index":220,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada zaman itu tidak dapat orang pergi dan pulang dengan selamat, karena terdapat kekacauan yang besar di antara segenap penduduk daerah-daerah. Bangsa menghancurkan bangsa, kota menghancurkan kota, karena Allah mengacaukan mereka dengan berbagai-bagai kesesakan. Tetapi kamu ini, kuatkanlah hatimu, jangan lemah semangatmu, karena ada upah bagi usahamu!\"","translated_text":"And it came to pass in those days that no man could go home safe; for there was great confusion among all the inhabitants of the regions. Nation shall destroy nation, and city shall destroy city; for God hath confused them with all manner of calamities. But you, be courageous and do not be discouraged, for there is a reward for your efforts\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:1-7}}</ref>","char_index":355,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mereka bersumpah setia kepada TUHAN dengan suara yang nyaring, dengan sorak-sorai dan dengan tiupan nafiri dan sangkakala. Seluruh Yehuda bersukaria atas sumpah itu, karena dengan segenap hati mereka bersumpah setia dan dengan kehendak yang bulat mereka mencari TUHAN. TUHAN berkenan ditemui oleh mereka dan mengaruniakan keamanan kepada mereka di segala penjuru.","translated_text":"And they swore allegiance to Jehovah with a loud voice, and with shouting, and with the blowing of the trumpet, and with the sounding of the trumpet. And all Judah rejoiced at the oath; for they had sworn with all their heart, and had sought Jehovah with all their heart. And Jehovah found favour with them, and gave them peace on every side.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:8-15}}</ref>","char_index":363,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sekalipun bukit-bukit pengorbanan tidak dijauhkan dari Israel, namun hati Asa tulus ikhlas sepanjang umurnya. Ia membawa persembahan-persembahan kudus ayahnya dan persembahan-persembahan kudusnya sendiri ke rumah Allah, yakni emas dan perak serta barang-barang lain. Tidak ada perang sampai pada tahun ketiga puluh lima pemerintahan Asa.","translated_text":"Though the hills of sacrifice were not removed from Israel, Asa's heart was pure and upright all his days. And he brought his father's holy things, and his own holy things, gold, and silver, and vessels, into the house of God. And there was no war until the thirty-fifth year of Asa's reign.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 15:16-19}}</ref>","char_index":337,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Segera sesudah Baesa mendengar hal itu, ia berhenti memperkuat Rama dan ia menetap di Tirza. Tetapi raja Asa mengerahkan segenap orang Yehuda, seorangpun tiada yang terkecuali; mereka harus mengangkat batu dan kayu yang dipergunakan Baesa untuk memperkuat Rama. Raja Asa mempergunakannya untuk memperkuat Geba-Benyamin dan Mizpa.","translated_text":"And it came to pass when Baasha heard of it, that he ceased to fortify Ramah, and dwelt at Tirzah. And king Asa sent all the men of Judah, not one except one; and they took up the stones and the timber with which Baasha had fortified Ramah. King Asa used it to strengthen Geba-Benjamin and Mizpah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:16-11}}; {{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:32}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-6}}</ref>","char_index":329,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam hal ini engkau telah berlaku bodoh, oleh sebab itu mulai sekarang ini engkau akan mengalami peperangan.\" Maka sakit hatilah Asa karena perkataan pelihat itu, sehingga ia memasukkannya ke dalam penjara, sebab memang ia sangat marah terhadap dia karena perkara itu. Pada waktu itu Asa menganiaya juga beberapa orang dari rakyat.","translated_text":"In this you have acted foolishly, and from now on you will have wars\". And Asa was grieved at the words of the scribe, and put him in prison; for he was very angry with him for this matter. And Asa oppressed some of the people at that time.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:7-10}}</ref>","char_index":332,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada masa tuanya, yaitu pada tahun ke-39 pemerintahannya, Asa menderita sakit pada kedua kakinya yang kemudian menjadi semakin parah.","translated_text":"And it came to pass in his old age, in the 39th year of his reign, that Asa suffered a disease in both his feet, which became worse.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_23\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:23}}</ref>","char_index":96,"name":"1Raj15_23","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada masa tuanya, yaitu pada tahun ke-39 pemerintahannya, Asa menderita sakit pada kedua kakinya yang kemudian menjadi semakin parah. Namun dalam kesakitannya itu ia tidak mencari pertolongan TUHAN, tetapi pertolongan tabib-tabib.","translated_text":"And it came to pass in his old age, in the 39th year of his reign, that Asa suffered a disease in both his feet, which became worse. And in his sickness he sought not the help of Jehovah, but the help of physicians.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12\">{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":"Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:12","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia menolak dan menganiaya nabi Allah (). Suatu tanda kemerosotan rohani yang tidak dapat disangkal ialah penolakan nabi-nabi Allah yang membawa firman teguran dan pembetulan dari-Nya (; lihat ). Ketika menderita secara jasmaniah, daripada mencari Allah dahulu untuk pengertian dan penyembuhan, dia hanya meminta bantuan para dokter yang mungkin menggunakan berbagai mantra dan obat-obat dari kekuatan gaib ().","translated_text":"He rejected and persecuted God's prophet. An undeniable sign of spiritual decline was the rejection of God's prophets who brought word of rebuke and correction from Him (see). When suffering physically, instead of seeking God first for understanding and healing, he merely sought the help of doctors who may have used various spells and remedies of magical powers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=fulllife/>","char_index":409,"name":"fulllife","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Orang -orang membaringkannya di atas petiduran yang penuh dengan rempah-rempah dan segala macam rempah-rempah campuran yang dicampur menurut cara pencampur rempah-rempah, lalu menyalakan api yang sangat besar untuk menghormatinya. Maka Yosafat, anaknya, menjadi raja menggantikan dia.","translated_text":"People. They lay it on a bed full of spices and all kinds of mixed spices, mixed according to the way of the spices; and they kindled a great fire to honour it. And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:24}}</ref>","char_index":284,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:13-14}}</ref>","char_index":284,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asa mulai menjadi raja atas Yehuda dalam tahun kedua puluh zaman Yerobeam, raja Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:9). Ia memerintah di Yerusalem 41 tahun lamanya","translated_text":"Asa became king of Judah in the twentieth year of Jeroboam, king of Israel. He reigned in Jerusalem for 41 years","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"1Raj15_10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:10}}</ref>","char_index":150,"name":"1Raj15_10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut perhitungan kronologi Edwin R. Thiele, Asa mulai memerintah sekitar September 911 SM - April 910 SM (\"911 SM\") sampai meninggalnya sekitar September 870 SM - April 869 SM (\"870 SM\").","translated_text":"According to the chronological calculations of Edwin R. Thiele, Asa reigned from about September 911 B.C. - April 910 B.C. (\"911 B.C.\") until his death around September 870 B.C. - April 869 B.C. (\"870 B.C\".).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=thiele>[[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele, Edwin R.]], ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). ISBN 0-8254-3825-X, 9780825438257</ref>","char_index":190,"name":"thiele","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut perhitungan kronologi Edwin R. Thiele, Asa mulai memerintah sekitar September 911 SM - April 910 SM (\"911 SM\") sampai meninggalnya sekitar September 870 SM - April 869 SM (\"870 SM\"). Tahun ke-1: bertepatan dengan tahun ke-21 pecahnya kerajaan Israel, sekaligus permulaan Kerajaan Yehuda dan tahun ke-20 pemerintahan Yerobeam (menurut \"metode tahun naik tahta\"). (\"911 SM\") Tahun ke-2 (tahun ke-22 Kerajaan Yehuda): Nadab, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:25; \"910 SM\") Tahun ke-3 (tahun ke-23 Kerajaan Yehuda):","translated_text":"According to the chronological calculations of Edwin R. Thiele, Asa reigned from about September 911 B.C. - April 910 B.C. (\"911 B.C.\") until his death around September 870 B.C. - April 869 B.C. (\"870 B.C\".). Year 1: coincides with the 21st year of the breakup of the kingdom of Israel, as well as the beginning of the Kingdom of Judah and the 20th year of Jeroboam's reign (according to \"the method of years of ascending the throne\"). (\"911 B.C.E\".) 2nd year (22nd year of the Kingdom of Judah): Nadab, son of Jeroboam, becomes king of Israel (1 Kings 15:25; \"910 B.C.E.) 3rd year (23rd year of the Kingdom of Judah):","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 910 SM - April 909 SM. Dari McFall 1991, no. 6.</ref>","char_index":499,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun ke-1: bertepatan dengan tahun ke-21 pecahnya kerajaan Israel, sekaligus permulaan Kerajaan Yehuda dan tahun ke-20 pemerintahan Yerobeam (menurut \"metode tahun naik tahta\"). (\"911 SM\") Tahun ke-2 (tahun ke-22 Kerajaan Yehuda): Nadab, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:25; \"910 SM\") Tahun ke-3 (tahun ke-23 Kerajaan Yehuda): Baesa bin Ahia menjadi raja atas seluruh Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"Year 1: coincides with the 21st year of the breakup of the kingdom of Israel, as well as the beginning of the Kingdom of Judah and the 20th year of Jeroboam's reign (according to \"the method of years of ascending the throne\"). (\"911 B.C.E\".) 2nd year (22nd year of the Kingdom of Judah): Nadab, son of Jeroboam, becomes king of Israel (1 Kings 15:25; \"910 B.C.E.) 3rd year (23rd year of the Kingdom of Judah): And Baasha the son of Ahijah reigned over all Israel at Tirzah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 15:33}}</ref>","char_index":408,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(\"911 SM\") Tahun ke-2 (tahun ke-22 Kerajaan Yehuda): Nadab, anak Yerobeam, menjadi raja atas Israel (1 Raja-raja 15:25; \"910 SM\") Tahun ke-3 (tahun ke-23 Kerajaan Yehuda): Baesa bin Ahia menjadi raja atas seluruh Israel di Tirza. (\"909 SM\") Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa.","translated_text":"(\"911 B.C.E\".) 2nd year (22nd year of the Kingdom of Judah): Nadab, son of Jeroboam, becomes king of Israel (1 Kings 15:25; \"910 B.C.E.) 3rd year (23rd year of the Kingdom of Judah): And Baasha the son of Ahijah reigned over all Israel at Tirzah. (909 B.C.E.) Jehoshaphat was born to Azuba the son of Shilhi to Asa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 909 SM - April 908 SM. Dari McFall 1991, no. 7</ref>","char_index":240,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Baesa bin Ahia menjadi raja atas seluruh Israel di Tirza. (\"909 SM\") Yosafat dilahirkan oleh Azuba anak Silhi bagi Asa. (\"906 SM\") Tahun ke-10 (tahun ke-30 Kerajaan Yehuda):","translated_text":"And Baasha the son of Ahijah reigned over all Israel at Tirzah. (909 B.C.E.) Jehoshaphat was born to Azuba the son of Shilhi to Asa. (906 B.C.) Year 10 (the 30th year of the Kingdom of Judah):","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 22:42}}</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Negeri itu aman selama sepuluh tahun pertama pemerintahan Asa (2 Tawarikh 14:1). (tahun 910 SM sampai 900 SM) Tahun ke-15 (tahun ke-35 Kerajaan Yehuda) bulan ke-3: Asa dan orang-orang Israel mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa (2 Tawarikh 15:10). (\"895 SM\") Tahun ke-16 (tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda): majulah Baesa, raja Israel, hendak berperang melawan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 16:1).","translated_text":"The land was secure for the first ten years of Asa's reign. (year 910 B.C.E. to 900 B.C.E.) 15th year (35th year of the Kingdom of Judah) 3rd month: Asa and the Israelites make a covenant to seek Jehovah, the God of their forefathers, with all their heart and soul. - 2 Chronicles 15:10. (895 B.C.E.) 16th year (36th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Baasha, king of Israel, comes to war against Judah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 896 sampai September 895 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 9</ref>","char_index":320,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(tahun 910 SM sampai 900 SM) Tahun ke-15 (tahun ke-35 Kerajaan Yehuda) bulan ke-3: Asa dan orang-orang Israel mengadakan perjanjian untuk mencari TUHAN, Allah nenek moyang mereka, dengan segenap hati dan jiwa (2 Tawarikh 15:10). (\"895 SM\") Tahun ke-16 (tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda): majulah Baesa, raja Israel, hendak berperang melawan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 16:1). Asa mengikat perjanjian dengan Ben-Hadad, raja Aram, yang kemudian menyerang Israel, sehingga Baesa tidak jadi menyerang.","translated_text":"(year 910 B.C.E. to 900 B.C.E.) 15th year (35th year of the Kingdom of Judah) 3rd month: Asa and the Israelites make a covenant to seek Jehovah, the God of their forefathers, with all their heart and soul. - 2 Chronicles 15:10. (895 B.C.E.) 16th year (36th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Baasha, king of Israel, comes to war against Judah. And Asa made a covenant with Ben-hadad king of Syria, who came against Israel; and Baasha was not able to attack.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:1-6}}; {{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 16:1-6}}</ref>","char_index":483,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(\"895 SM\") Tahun ke-16 (tahun ke-36 Kerajaan Yehuda): majulah Baesa, raja Israel, hendak berperang melawan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 16:1). Asa mengikat perjanjian dengan Ben-Hadad, raja Aram, yang kemudian menyerang Israel, sehingga Baesa tidak jadi menyerang. (\"894 SM\") Tahun ke-26 (tahun ke-46 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela, anak Baesa, menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza (1 Raja-raja 16:8; \"886 SM\") Tahun ke-27 (tahun ke-47 Kerajaan Yehuda):","translated_text":"(895 B.C.E.) 16th year (36th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Baasha, king of Israel, comes to war against Judah. And Asa made a covenant with Ben-hadad king of Syria, who came against Israel; and Baasha was not able to attack. (\"894 B.C\".) 26th year (46th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Ela the son of Baasha becomes king over Israel at Tirzah (1 Kings 16:8; \"886 B.C\".) 27th year (47th year of the Kingdom of Judah):","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 895 sampai September 894 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 11</ref>","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>September 886 SM - April 885 SM, menurut McFall 1991, no. 12</ref>","char_index":388,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asa mengikat perjanjian dengan Ben-Hadad, raja Aram, yang kemudian menyerang Israel, sehingga Baesa tidak jadi menyerang. (\"894 SM\") Tahun ke-26 (tahun ke-46 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela, anak Baesa, menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza (1 Raja-raja 16:8; \"886 SM\") Tahun ke-27 (tahun ke-47 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela dibunuh dan Zimri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"And Asa made a covenant with Ben-hadad king of Syria, who came against Israel; and Baasha was not able to attack. (\"894 B.C\".) 26th year (46th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Ela the son of Baasha becomes king over Israel at Tirzah (1 Kings 16:8; \"886 B.C\".) 27th year (47th year of the Kingdom of Judah): And Ela was slain, and Zimri reigned over Israel at Tirzah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10}}</ref>","char_index":355,"name":"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(\"894 SM\") Tahun ke-26 (tahun ke-46 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela, anak Baesa, menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza (1 Raja-raja 16:8; \"886 SM\") Tahun ke-27 (tahun ke-47 Kerajaan Yehuda): Ela dibunuh dan Zimri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. Hanya memerintah 7 hari, Zimri bunuh diri.","translated_text":"(\"894 B.C\".) 26th year (46th year of the Kingdom of Judah): Ela the son of Baasha becomes king over Israel at Tirzah (1 Kings 16:8; \"886 B.C\".) 27th year (47th year of the Kingdom of Judah): And Ela was slain, and Zimri reigned over Israel at Tirzah. Only ruled for seven days, Zimri committed suicide.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:18}}</ref>","char_index":276,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ela dibunuh dan Zimri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. Hanya memerintah 7 hari, Zimri bunuh diri. Tibni dan Omri bersaing menjadi raja Israel.","translated_text":"And Ela was slain, and Zimri reigned over Israel at Tirzah. Only ruled for seven days, Zimri committed suicide. Tibni and Omri compete to become kings of Israel.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:21}}</ref>","char_index":144,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hanya memerintah 7 hari, Zimri bunuh diri. Tibni dan Omri bersaing menjadi raja Israel. (\"885 SM\") Tahun ke-31 (tahun ke-51 Kerajaan Yehuda): Setelah Tibni mati, Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"Only ruled for seven days, Zimri committed suicide. Tibni and Omri compete to become kings of Israel. (\"885 B.C.E\".) 31st year (51st year of the Kingdom of Judah): After the death of Tibni, Omri becomes king over Israel at Tirzah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 885 SM - April 884 SM, menurut McFall 1991, no. 13,14</ref>","char_index":98,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10\">{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10}}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":"Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:10","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:23}}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tibni dan Omri bersaing menjadi raja Israel. (\"885 SM\") Tahun ke-31 (tahun ke-51 Kerajaan Yehuda): Setelah Tibni mati, Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. (880 SM) Tahun ke-38 (tahun ke-58 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun naik tahta (ke-0) Ahab):","translated_text":"Tibni and Omri compete to become kings of Israel. (\"885 B.C.E\".) 31st year (51st year of the Kingdom of Judah): After the death of Tibni, Omri becomes king over Israel at Tirzah. (880 B.C.E.) The thirty-eighth year (58th year of the Kingdom of Judah; year of Ahab's ascension (to 0):","citations":[{"content":"<ref>April - September 880 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 15</ref>","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(\"885 SM\") Tahun ke-31 (tahun ke-51 Kerajaan Yehuda): Setelah Tibni mati, Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. (880 SM) Tahun ke-38 (tahun ke-58 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun naik tahta (ke-0) Ahab): Ahab bin Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza.","translated_text":"(\"885 B.C.E\".) 31st year (51st year of the Kingdom of Judah): After the death of Tibni, Omri becomes king over Israel at Tirzah. (880 B.C.E.) The thirty-eighth year (58th year of the Kingdom of Judah; year of Ahab's ascension (to 0): And Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel at Tirzah.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 16:29}}</ref>","char_index":244,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"(880 SM) Tahun ke-38 (tahun ke-58 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun naik tahta (ke-0) Ahab): Ahab bin Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. (\"874 SM\") Tahun ke-39 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-60 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-2 Ahab):","translated_text":"(880 B.C.E.) The thirty-eighth year (58th year of the Kingdom of Judah; year of Ahab's ascension (to 0): And Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel at Tirzah. (\"874 B.C\".) The 39th year (\"method of year ascending the throne\"; the 60th year of the Kingdom of Judah; the 2nd year of Ahab):","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 874 SM - April 873 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 16</ref>","char_index":141,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ahab bin Omri menjadi raja atas Israel di Tirza. (\"874 SM\") Tahun ke-39 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-60 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-2 Ahab): Asa mengalami penyakit di kedua kakinya (2 Tawarikh 16:12; \"872 SM\") Sebelumnya, Yosafat bin Asa sudah dijadikan \"raja bersama\" dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM.","translated_text":"And Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel at Tirzah. (\"874 B.C\".) The 39th year (\"method of year ascending the throne\"; the 60th year of the Kingdom of Judah; the 2nd year of Ahab): (2 Chronicles 16:12; \"872 B.C.E\".) Earlier, Asa's son Jehoshaphat had been \"king with\" his father since September 873 B.C.E.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 872 SM - April 871 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 17</ref>","char_index":215,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Asa mengalami penyakit di kedua kakinya (2 Tawarikh 16:12; \"872 SM\") Sebelumnya, Yosafat bin Asa sudah dijadikan \"raja bersama\" dengan ayahnya sejak September 873 SM. Tahun ke-41 (\"metode tahun naik tahta\"; tahun ke-62 Kerajaan Yehuda; tahun ke-4 Ahab): Asa mati dan Yosafat, putranya, sejak itu menjadi raja sendirian (2 Tawarikh 16:13; \"870 SM\")","translated_text":"(2 Chronicles 16:12; \"872 B.C.E\".) Earlier, Asa's son Jehoshaphat had been \"king with\" his father since September 873 B.C.E. 41st year (\"method of years of ascending the throne\"; 62nd year of the Kingdom of Judah; 4th year of Ahab): (2 Chronicles 16:13; \"870 B.C.E\".)","citations":[{"content":"<ref>September 870 SM - April 869 SM, menurut McFall 1991 no. 5, 18</ref>","char_index":347,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kromodinamika kuantum","wikicode":"{{Model standar fisika partikel}}\nDalam [[fisika teori]], '''kromodinamika kuantum''' atau '''quantum chromodynamics (QCD)''' adalah teori [[Gaya nuklir kuat|interaksi kuat]] antar [[kuark]] dengan perantaraan [[gluon]]s. Kuark adalah [[partikel elementer|partikel-partikel elementer]] yang menyusun [[hadron]] komposit seperti [[proton]], [[neutron]] and [[Pion (fisika)|pion]]. QCD merupakan sebuah tipe [[teori medan kuantum]] yang disebut dengan [[Teori ukuran (fisika)|teori ukuran non abelian]] dengan grup simetri SU(3). Konsep muatan listrik pada QCD adalah sifat yang disebut ''warna'' (''color)''. Dalam teori ini, gluons adalah [[pembawa gaya]], sama seperti foton adalah pembawa gaya untuk gaya elektromagnetik pada [[elektrodinamika kuantum]]. QCD adalah salah satu bagian penting di [[Model Standar]] pada [[fisika partikel]]. Bukti-bukti eksperimen untuk QCD banyak telah dikumpulkan.\n{{Cabang-fisika}}\n\n[[Kategori:Fisika partikel]]\n[[Kategori:Teori]]\n[[Kategori:Kromodinamika kuantum| ]]\n\n\n{{fisika-stub}}","hash":"38a49ba98a370f4acaf7e812a017724e48e26d43ff5ff512bf08cdd2b7307fa1","last_revision":"2022-12-15T17:17:23Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:10:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.818384","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Kwantumchromodinamika","als":"Quantenchromodynamik","ar":"ديناميكا لونية كمية","ast":"Cromodinámica cuántica","be":"Квантавая хромадынаміка","bg":"Квантова хромодинамика","bn":"কোয়ান্টাম ক্রোমোডাইনামিক্স","bs":"Kvantna hromodinamika","ca":"Cromodinàmica quàntica","cs":"Kvantová chromodynamika","da":"Kvantekromodynamik","de":"Quantenchromodynamik","el":"Κβαντική χρωμοδυναμική","en":"Quantum chromodynamics","eo":"Kvantuma kolordinamiko","es":"Cromodinámica cuántica","et":"Kvantkromodünaamika","eu":"Kromodinamika kuantiko","fa":"کرومودینامیک کوانتومی","fi":"Kvanttiväridynamiikka","fr":"Chromodynamique quantique","ga":"Crómaidinimic chandamach","gl":"Cromodinámica cuántica","he":"כרומודינמיקה קוונטית","hr":"Kvantna kromodinamika","hu":"Kvantum-színdinamika","it":"Cromodinamica quantistica","ja":"量子色力学","kk":"Кванттық хромодинамика","ko":"양자 색역학","la":"Chromodynamice Quantica","lt":"Kvantinė chromodinamika","ms":"Kromodinamik kuantum","nl":"Kwantumchromodynamica","nn":"Kvantekromodynamikk","oc":"Cromodinamica quantica","pa":"ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਕ੍ਰੋਮੋਡਾਇਨਾਮਿਕਸ","pl":"Chromodynamika kwantowa","pt":"Cromodinâmica quântica","ro":"Cromodinamică cuantică","ru":"Квантовая хромодинамика","simple":"Quantum chromodynamics","sk":"Kvantová chromodynamika","sr":"Kvantna hromodinamika","sv":"Kvantkromodynamik","tr":"Kuantum renk dinamiği","uk":"Квантова хромодинаміка","ur":"مقداریہ لونی حرکیات","uz":"Kvant xromodinamikasi (KXD)","vi":"Thuyết sắc động lực học lượng tử","zh":"量子色動力學"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Dalam fisika teori, kromodinamika kuantum atau quantum chromodynamics (QCD) adalah teori interaksi kuat antar kuark dengan perantaraan gluons. Kuark adalah partikel-partikel elementer yang menyusun hadron komposit seperti proton, neutron and pion. QCD merupakan sebuah tipe teori medan kuantum yang disebut dengan teori ukuran non abelian dengan grup simetri SU(3). Konsep muatan listrik pada QCD adalah sifat yang disebut warna (color). Dalam teori ini, gluons adalah pembawa gaya, sama seperti foton adalah pembawa gaya untuk gaya elektromagnetik pada elektrodinamika kuantum. QCD adalah salah satu bagian penting di Model Standar pada fisika partikel. Bukti-bukti eksperimen untuk QCD banyak telah dikumpulkan.\n\nKategori:Fisika partikel Kategori:Teori Kategori:Kromodinamika kuantum\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam fisika teori, kromodinamika kuantum atau quantum chromodynamics (QCD) adalah teori interaksi kuat antar kuark dengan perantaraan gluons.","translated_text":"In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics or quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions between quarks and gluons.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kuark adalah partikel-partikel elementer yang menyusun hadron komposit seperti proton, neutron and pion.","translated_text":"Quarks are elementary particles that compose composite hadrons such as protons, neutrons and pions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"QCD merupakan sebuah tipe teori medan kuantum yang disebut dengan teori ukuran non abelian dengan grup simetri SU(3).","translated_text":"QCD is a type of quantum field theory called non-Abelian size theory with symmetry group SU(3).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konsep muatan listrik pada QCD adalah sifat yang disebut warna (color).","translated_text":"The concept of electric charge on a QCD is a property called color.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam teori ini, gluons adalah pembawa gaya, sama seperti foton adalah pembawa gaya untuk gaya elektromagnetik pada elektrodinamika kuantum.","translated_text":"In this theory, gluons are force carriers, just as photons are force carriers for electromagnetic forces in quantum electrodynamics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"QCD adalah salah satu bagian penting di Model Standar pada fisika partikel.","translated_text":"QCD is one of the important parts of the Standard Model in particle physics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bukti","translated_text":"The proof","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-bukti eksperimen untuk QCD banyak telah dikumpulkan.","translated_text":"- Experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Fisika partikel Kategori:Teori Kategori:Kromodinamika kuantum","translated_text":"Particle physics and quantum mechanics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Quantum chromodynamics","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kromodinamika kuantum]]","hash":"f73410233d9c708dc47175972454c9a7f3af99439ee757d01ce7b994ea19bbaa","last_revision":"2010-06-14T13:11:28Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:11:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.871948","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kromodinamika kuantum\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kromodinamika kuantum","translated_text":"What is quantum chromodynamics?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Brooke White","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Brooke White.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Brooke White]]\n'''Brooke White''' ({{lahirmati|[[Mesa]], [[Arizona]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|2|6|1983}}) adalah seorang [[aktris]] dan [[penyanyi]] asal [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]].<ref name=\"Biografi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Biografi Brooke White'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Semasa kecil, ia hidup di Arizona dan dibesarkan bersama tiga orang adiknya.<ref name=\"Biografi\"/> Namanya mulai dikenal luas setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis [[American idol musim ketujuh]].<ref name=\"Biografi\"/><ref name=\"Brooke\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/stars/brooke-white/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDYQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Brooke White'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Kariernya di bidang [[menyanyi]] dimulai sejak ia berusia 15 tahun saat ia bermain dalam sebuah [[drama musikal]] berjudul ''Meet me in St.Louis'' dan mendapat [[peran utama]].<ref name=\"Biografi\"/> Selain itu, ia sempat menjadi pengasuh sebelum memasuki ajang American idol.<ref name=\"Biografi\"/> Ia tersisih dari panggung American idol pada posisi lima besar.<ref name=\"Brooke\"/> Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk terus mengejar karierenya dalam bidang [[musik]].<ref name=\"Biografi\"/> Ia telah dilirik oleh ''[[Hollywood Records]]'' untuk merilis empat buah [[album]] rekaman.<ref name=\"Biografi\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:White, Brooke}}\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]\n[[Kategori:American idol]]\n\n\n{{penyanyi-stub}}","hash":"530848748cf4bcb303b46ab00c9dd66bf0bda73ff9924f43b3ec15f63783e634","last_revision":"2022-11-28T05:33:15Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:20:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.928972","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بروك وايت","arz":"بروكى وايتى","azb":"بروک وایت","en":"Brooke White","es":"Brooke White","fa":"بروک وایت","it":"Brooke White","pt":"Brooke White","ru":"Уайт, Брук","simple":"Brooke White","sv":"Brooke White","vi":"Brooke White"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Brooke White () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi asal Amerika. Semasa kecil, ia hidup di Arizona dan dibesarkan bersama tiga orang adiknya. Namanya mulai dikenal luas setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim ketujuh. Kariernya di bidang menyanyi dimulai sejak ia berusia 15 tahun saat ia bermain dalam sebuah drama musikal berjudul Meet me in St.Louis dan mendapat peran utama. Selain itu, ia sempat menjadi pengasuh sebelum memasuki ajang American idol. Ia tersisih dari panggung American idol pada posisi lima besar. Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk terus mengejar karierenya dalam bidang musik. Ia telah dilirik oleh Hollywood Records untuk merilis empat buah album rekaman.\n\nKategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Brooke White () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi asal Amerika.","translated_text":"Brooke White () is an American actress and singer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Biografi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Biografi Brooke White'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"Biografi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.967917-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09912109375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semasa kecil, ia hidup di Arizona dan dibesarkan bersama tiga orang adiknya.","translated_text":"As a child, he lived in Arizona and grew up with his three siblings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Biografi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Biografi Brooke White'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":76,"name":"Biografi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.967917-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09912109375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namanya mulai dikenal luas setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim ketujuh.","translated_text":"Her name became widely known after she managed to become one of the finalists of the seventh season of American idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Biografi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Biografi Brooke White'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":102,"name":"Biografi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.967917-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09912109375},{"content":"<ref name=\"Brooke\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/stars/brooke-white/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDYQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Brooke White'']. 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Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":79,"name":"Biografi","url":"http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":3384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.967917-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09912109375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol","translated_text":"Categories:Singer and singer Category:American idol","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Brooke White () adalah seorang aktris dan penyanyi asal Amerika.","translated_text":"Brooke White () is an American actress and singer.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Biografi\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2924523/&ei=VykWTIz-Lc2FrAei9Z2dCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDAQ7gEwAzgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DBrooke%2BWhite%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Dvlni ''Biografi Brooke White'']. 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+{"title":"Djawa Baroe","wikicode":"{{Dead end|date=Desember 2023}}\n\n{{Orphan|date=Oktober 2016}}\n\n'''''Djawa Baroe''''' adalah majalah bikinan pemerintah pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia semasa Perang Dunia II sebagai instrumen propagandanya ke tengah masyarakat Indonesia untuk mendukung Jepang dalam perang di Asia-Pasifik.<ref>''Djawa Baroe: Kumpulkanlah Biji Jarak'', Jurnal Nasional, 11 Juni 2007</ref>\n\nBerbagai rubrik di majalah itu mencerminkan propagandanya. Propaganda peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat Jawa didukung dengan rubrik khusus \"Djamoe Djawa\". Rubrik itu mengulas pemanfaatkan jamu-jamu tradisional Jawa yang bisa diusahakan secara swadaya oleh rakyat.\n\nUntuk membangun watak masyarakat, ''Djawa Baroe'' membuat rubrik khusus bernama \"Nasihat Jang Bermanfaat\". Rubrik ini adalah cerita bergaya realis yang pendek dan berkisah tentang tabiat-tabiat masyarakat Jawa. Lewat cerita dalam rubrik ini, nasihat-nasihat Jepang diberikan kepada masyarakat Indonesia agar berhemat, menabung, jujur, optimistis dan rajin bekerja.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Surat kabar nasional Indonesia]]\n\n\n{{Jurnalisme-stub}}","hash":"2ce6e3c7acd5cd43c04ce62cb3eb4170964bb649d3e5489652b08405ae729319","last_revision":"2024-01-22T02:05:42Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:23:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:55.984714","cross_lingual_links":{"jv":"Djawa Baroe"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Djawa Baroe adalah majalah bikinan pemerintah pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia semasa Perang Dunia II sebagai instrumen propagandanya ke tengah masyarakat Indonesia untuk mendukung Jepang dalam perang di Asia-Pasifik.\n\nBerbagai rubrik di majalah itu mencerminkan propagandanya. Propaganda peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat Jawa didukung dengan rubrik khusus \"Djamoe Djawa\". Rubrik itu mengulas pemanfaatkan jamu-jamu tradisional Jawa yang bisa diusahakan secara swadaya oleh rakyat.\n\nUntuk membangun watak masyarakat, Djawa Baroe membuat rubrik khusus bernama \"Nasihat Jang Bermanfaat\". Rubrik ini adalah cerita bergaya realis yang pendek dan berkisah tentang tabiat-tabiat masyarakat Jawa. Lewat cerita dalam rubrik ini, nasihat-nasihat Jepang diberikan kepada masyarakat Indonesia agar berhemat, menabung, jujur, optimistis dan rajin bekerja.\n\nKategori:Surat kabar nasional Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Djawa Baroe adalah majalah bikinan pemerintah pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia semasa Perang Dunia II sebagai instrumen propagandanya ke tengah masyarakat Indonesia untuk mendukung Jepang dalam perang di Asia-Pasifik.","translated_text":"Djawa Baroe was a magazine that portrayed the Japanese occupation government in Indonesia during World War II as an instrument of propaganda to Indonesian society to support Japan in the war in the Asia-Pacific.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>''Djawa Baroe: Kumpulkanlah Biji Jarak'', Jurnal Nasional, 11 Juni 2007</ref>","char_index":215,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berbagai rubrik di majalah itu mencerminkan propagandanya.","translated_text":"The magazine's various headlines reflected its propaganda.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Propaganda peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat Jawa didukung dengan rubrik khusus \"Djamoe Djawa\".","translated_text":"Propaganda of improving the health of the Javanese people is supported by the special rubric \"Djamoe Djawa\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik itu mengulas pemanfaatkan jamu-jamu tradisional Jawa yang bisa diusahakan secara swadaya oleh rakyat.","translated_text":"The rubric reviews the utilization of traditional Javanese herbs that can be freely cultivated by the people.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk membangun watak masyarakat, Djawa Baroe membuat rubrik khusus bernama \"Nasihat Jang Bermanfaat\".","translated_text":"To build the character of the society, Djawa Baroe created a special rubric called \"Useful Jang Advisor\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik ini adalah cerita bergaya realis yang pendek dan berkisah tentang tabiat-tabiat masyarakat Jawa.","translated_text":"This rubric is a short, realistic story about the habits of the Javanese people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lewat cerita dalam rubrik ini, nasihat-nasihat Jepang diberikan kepada masyarakat Indonesia agar berhemat, menabung, jujur, optimistis dan rajin bekerja.","translated_text":"Through the stories in this section, Japanese advice is given to Indonesian people to be savvy, savvy, honest, optimistic, and hardworking.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Surat kabar nasional Indonesia","translated_text":"Indonesian national newspaper:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Djawa Baroe adalah majalah bikinan pemerintah pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia semasa Perang Dunia II sebagai instrumen propagandanya ke tengah masyarakat Indonesia untuk mendukung Jepang dalam perang di Asia-Pasifik.","translated_text":"Djawa Baroe was a magazine that portrayed the Japanese occupation government in Indonesia during World War II as an instrument of propaganda to Indonesian society to support Japan in the war in the Asia-Pacific.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>''Djawa Baroe: Kumpulkanlah Biji Jarak'', Jurnal Nasional, 11 Juni 2007</ref>","char_index":215,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Thomas Müller","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|name=Thomas Müller\n|image=Thomas Müller 2022 (cropped).jpg\n|caption=Müller bersama [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] pada 2022\n|fullname=Thomas Müller<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of Players: Germany |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611000407/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=11 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA |page=12}}</ref>\n|birth_date={{birth date and age|1989|9|13|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas Müller: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller |access-date=27 June 2020 |work=ESPN}}</ref>\n|birth_place=[[Weilheim in Oberbayern]], Jerman Barat\n|height=1.85 cm<ref name=\"FCBprofile\">{{Cite web |title=Thomas Müller |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/teams/professionals/thomas-mueller |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=FC Bayern Munich}}</ref>\n|position=[[Gelandang serang]], [[Penyerang (sepak bola)#Penyerang tengah|penyerang tengah]]\n|currentclub=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]\n|clubnumber=25\n|youthyears1=1993–2000\n|youthclubs1=TSV Pähl\n|youthyears2=2000–2005\n|youthclubs2=[[FC Bayern Munich Junior Team|Bayern Munich]]\n|years1=2006-2007\n|clubs1=[[FC Bayern Munich II|Bayern Munich II]]\n|caps1=35\n|goals1=16\n|years2=2008–\n|clubs2=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]\n|caps2=423<!--DOMESTIC LEAGUE APPS ONLY -->|goals2=139<!--DOMESTIC LEAGUE GOALS ONLY -->\n|nationalyears1=2004–2005\n|nationalteam1=[[Germany national youth football team|Jerman U16]]\n|nationalcaps1=6\n|nationalgoals1=0\n|nationalyears2=2007\n|nationalteam2=[[Germany national youth football team|Jerman U19]]\n|nationalcaps2=3\n|nationalgoals2=0\n|nationalyears3=2008\n|nationalteam3=[[Germany national youth football team|Jerman U20]]\n|nationalcaps3=1\n|nationalgoals3=1\n|nationalyears4=2009\n|nationalteam4=[[Germany national under-21 football team|Jerman U21]]\n|nationalcaps4=6\n|nationalgoals4=1\n|nationalyears5=2010–<!--Do not add the end year until the player OFFICIALLY announces their national team retirement-->\n|nationalteam5=[[Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|Jerman]]\n|nationalcaps5=120\n|nationalgoals5=44\n|club-update=20:19, 30 September 2022 (UTC)\n|nationalteam-update=20:55, 27 November 2022 (UTC)\n|medaltemplates={{MedalSport|[[Sepakbola]]}}\n{{MedalCountry|{{fb|GER}}}}\n{{MedalCompetition|[[Piala Dunia FIFA]]}}\n{{Medal|W|[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|Brasil 2014]]|}}\n{{Medal|3rd|[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|Afrika Selatan 2010]]|}}\n{{MedalCompetition|[[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA]]}}\n{{Medal|3rd|[[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|Polandia & Ukraina 2012]]|}}\n}}\n\n'''Thomas Müller''' ({{IPA-de|ˈtoːmas ˈmʏlɐ}}) ({{lahirmati|[[Weilheim in Oberbayern|Weilheim]], [[Jerman Barat]]|13|9|1989}}) adalah pemain sepak bola asal [[Jerman]] yang bermain dan menjadi wakil kapten untuk [[FC Bayern München|Bayern München]] dan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|tim nasional Jerman]].<ref name=profi /><ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Sebagai pemain yang bisa ditempatkan dimana saja, Müller bermain sebagai [[Gelandang (sepak bola)|gelandang]] atau [[Penyerang (sepak bola)|penyerang]], dan telah bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang – [[Gelandang (sepak bola)#Gelandang serang|gelandang serang]], [[Penyerang (sepak bola)#Penyerang bayangan|penyerang bayangan]], [[Penyerang (sepak bola)#Penyerang tengah|penyerang tengah]], serta [[Gelandang (sepak bola)#Gelandang sayap|pemain sayap]]. Dia dipuji karena pengaturan posisi, kerja tim dan stamina, tingkat produktivitas, serta konsistensi dalam mencetak dan menciptakan asis.<ref name=\"DFB\"/>\n\nSebagai lulusan akademi usia muda, dia memulai musim pertamanya secara penuh pada musim 2009–2010 setelah [[Louis van Gaal]] ditunjuk sebagai pelatih utama; dia bermain di hampir seluruh pertandingan hingga klub memenangkan gelar ''double'' di [[Bundesliga]] dan [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]], serta mencapai [[Final Liga Champions UEFA 2010]]. Müller mencetak 23 gol pada musim 2012–2013 saat Bayern memenangkan ''treble'' historis; gelar di Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, dan [[Final Liga Champions UEFA 2013|Liga Champions]].\n\nMüller masuk ke dalam tim nasional Jerman pada tahun 2006. Pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|Piala Dunia 2010]] dia mencetak lima gol dalam enam pertandingan saat Jerman meraih [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Perebutan tempat ketiga|peringkat ketiga]]. Dia menjadi [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Penghargaan|Pemain Muda Terbaik]] dalam turnamen dan memenangkan [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Penghargaan|''Golden Boot'']] sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak, dengan lima gol dan tiga [[Umpan Gol (sepak bola)|''assist'']]. Pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|Piala Dunia 2014]] dia berperan penting dalam membantu tim memenangkan trofi, mencetak lima gol dan menerima ''Silver Ball'' sebagai pemain terbaik kedua setelah [[Lionel Messi]] dan ''Silver Boot'' sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kedua, serta masuk ke dalam World Cup All Star XI dan 2014 FIFA World Cup Dream Team.\n\nPada tahun 2014, Müller menempati peringkat kelima dalam daftar pemain sepak bola terbaik di dunia menurut ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2014/dec/21/the-top-100-footballers-2014-interactive|title=The top 100 footballers 2014 – interactive|date=21 Desember 2014|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date = 18 Oktober 2015 | language = en}}</ref>\n\n== Karier klub ==\n=== Awal karier ===\nLahir di [[Weilheim in Oberbayern|Weilheim]], Müller bermain sebagai pemain tim usia muda untuk TSV Pähl, dan pada umur 10 tahun dia melakukan perjalanan sejauh {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} untuk bergabung ke dalam tim Bayern München pada tahun 2000.<ref name=profi/><ref name=\"Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer\">{{cite news|last=Lynch|first=David|title=Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/muller-claims-turned-down-astronomical-7642557|accessdate=20 Agustus 2014|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=20 Agustus 2014|language=en}}</ref> Dia berkembang melalui sistem tim usia muda dan menjadi bagian dari tim yang memperoleh ''runner-up'' di Bundesliga U-19 pada tahun 2007.<ref name=\"DFB\"/> Dia memulai debut di tim cadangan pada Maret 2008 saat dia menggantikan [[Stephan Fürstner]] dalam pertandingan [[Fußball-Regionalliga|Regionalliga]] melawan SpVgg Unterhaching.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2008/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2007/2008| language = de |accessdate=28 Januari 2010|trans-title=Penampilan oleh Thomas Müller pada musim 2007–2008}}</ref> Pada pertandingan tersebut dia mencetak gol. Dia bermain dalam dua pertandingan Regionalliga lainnya pada musim 2007–2008,<ref name=\"2007–2008 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2007-08/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref> saat tetap bermain untuk tim U-19. Pada musim berikutnya, tim kedua Bayern lolos ke [[3. Fußball-Liga|3. Liga]] yang baru dibentuk, dan Müller menjadikan dirinya sebagai pemain kunci – bermain dalam 32 dari 38 pertandingan<ref name=\"fussballdaten0809\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2009/|publisher=fussballdaten.de|title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2008/2009|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Penampilan oleh Thomas Müller pada musim 2008–2009}}</ref> dan mencetak 15 gol,<ref name=\"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2008-09/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref> menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kelima dalam liga tersebut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dritteliga/2009/statistik/#Tore|title=Torjäger der 3. Liga 2008/2009|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Pencetak gol terbanyak di 3. Liga 2008–2009}}</ref> Dia juga terlibat dalam tim utama di bawah pelatih saat itu [[Jürgen Klinsmann]]; saat dia tampil dalam pertandingan persahabatan pra-musim,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php |title=Polished Bayern send out signal to rivals |date=31 Juli 2008 |publisher=FC Bayern München |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023228/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php |archivedate=19 Maret 2009 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php|title=Below-strength FCB undone by wily Italians| publisher=FC Bayern München|date= 5 Agustus 2008|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=en|archivedate=19 Maret 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023242/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php}}</ref> dan memulai debut penuhnya pada 15 Agustus 2008, saat dia menjadi pemain pengganti untuk [[Miroslav Klose]] pada sepuluh menit terakhir dari pertandingan [[Bundesliga]] melawan [[Hamburger SV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2008-09/1/863397/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_hamburger-sv-12.html|title=Trochowski belohnt Hamburger Moral| work = kicker |date= 15 Agustus 2008|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=de|trans-title=Trochowski menyemangati tim Hamburg}}</ref> Meski Müller merasa bahwa penampilannya tidak berlangsung baik,<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> dia kembali tampil dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga pada musim tersebut<ref name=\"fussballdaten0809\" /> dan memulai debut di [[Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions]] pada 10 Maret 2009 saat menjadi pemain yang menggantikan [[Bastian Schweinsteiger]] pada menit ke-72 dalam kemenangan 7–1 atas [[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting CP]]. Dia mencetak gol terakhir saat mereka menang dengan skor agregat 12–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/mar/10/championsleague-bayernmunich?INTCMP=SRCH|title=Bayern's deadly dozen piles on humiliation for Sporting Lisbon| website = The Guardian |date= 10 Maret 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref>\n\n=== Bayern München ===\nPada Februari 2009, Müller menandatangani kontrak pertamanya untuk tim senior dengan kesepakatan selama dua tahun efektif dari musim 2009–2010 bersama dengan rekannya [[Holger Badstuber]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php|title=Badstuber und Müller unterschreiben|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=16 Februari 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Badstuber dan Müller menandatangani kontrak|archivedate=21 Februari 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221083626/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2009–2010 ====\nMüller pernah hampir dipinjamkan atau bahkan ditransfer untuk mencari pengalaman dalam bermain sepak bola di tim utama,<ref name=\"champions1210\"/> tetapi saat [[Louis van Gaal]] ditunjuk sebagai manajer, Müller dan Badstuber menjadi pemain tetap dalam tim utama Bayern sejak awal musim.<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2009/2010 |accessdate=31 Januari 2010}}</ref> Dalam beberapa pertandingan pertama, Müller merupakan pemain pengganti tetap, dan pada 12 September 2009, dia dimainkan dalam pertandingan melawan [[Borussia Dortmund]] dan mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2009-10/5/938068/spielanalyse_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=Ribery dankt es van Gaal|work=kicker|date=23 Juni 2011|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Ribery bersyukur atas Van Gaal}}</ref> Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak dua gol lainnya dalam kemenangan 3–0 pada pertandingan [[Liga Champions UEFA 2009–2010|Liga Champions]] atas [[Maccabi Haifa F.C.|Maccabi Haifa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/sep/16/champions-league-round-up-juventus-milan-bayern|title=Filippo Inzaghi double gives Milan the edge over Marseille| work = The Guardian |date=15 September 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref> Dia menjadi ''Bundesliga Player of the Month'' untuk bulan September<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/artikel/307466/|title=Ein kleiner Trost: Mit dem 3. Titel ans Kap|publisher=kicker|accessdate=7 September 2011|date=27 Mei 2010|language=de}}</ref> dan memperoleh pujian dari [[Gerd Müller]], mantan penyerang legendaris Bayern dan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|Jerman]] dengan nama marga yang sama.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1109280/index.html|title=Muller slams Germany forwards|publisher=FIFA|date=29 September 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=en|archivedate=26 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726033813/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1109280/index.html}}</ref> Setelah pertandingan melawan Haifa, Müller dimasukkan ke dalam lini utama di hampir setiap pertandingan,<ref name=\"soccernet\">{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739|title=Thomas Müller|accessdate=7 September 2011|publisher=[[ESPN]]|language=en|archive-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011091917/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan hanya melewatkan satu pertandingan, yakni pertandingan Liga Champions melawan [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]], yang pada saat itu dia terkena akumulasi kartu,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2009-10/4/988041/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_girondins-bordeaux-974.html|title=Gourcuff bringt die Bayern an den Abgrund|work=kicker|date=3 November 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=de|trans-title=Gourcuff membawa Bayern menuju ambang kekalahan}}</ref> karena dia dikeluarkan dalam pertandingan awal melawan tim yang sama.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2009-10/3/988036/spielanalyse_girondins-bordeaux-974_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=Bayern unterliegen im Kuriositätenkabinett|language=de|work=kicker|date=21 Oktober 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|trans-title=Bayern kalah dalam pertandingan penentu}}</ref>\n\nPada Februari 2010, Müller menandatangani kontrak bersama Bayern München hingga tahun 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1445430.html|title=Van Buyten commits future to Bayern|publisher=UEFA|date=5 Februari 2010|accessdate=11 Februari 2010|language=en}}</ref> Selama paruh kedua musim, Müller kembali masuk ke dalam lini utama tetap,<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\"/> dan biasanya bermain di posisi penyerang tengah karena ketersediaan [[Gelandang (sepak bola)#Gelandang sayap|pemain sayap]] yang diisi oleh [[Franck Ribéry]] dan [[Arjen Robben]]. Pada April 2010, dia mencetak gol kedua dalam kemenangan 2–1 atas rival [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/apr/05/bayern-munich-schalke|title=Self-congratulatory Bayern Munich reclaim top spot| work = The Guardian | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | date=3 April 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011 | language = en}}</ref> dan dalam pertandingan pamungkas liga pada musim yang sama, dia mencetak ''[[Hattrick|hat-trick]]'' pertama dalam kariernya,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php|title=Müller to keep on dreaming|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=2 Mei 2010|accessdate=4 Mei 2010|language=en|archivedate=7 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507095818/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php}}</ref> dalam kemenangan 3–1 atas [[VfL Bochum]] sekaligus mengamankan gelar juara Jerman bagi Bayern.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/03/schalke-bundesliga-runners-up|title=Schalke find something beautiful in being second best| work = The Guardian | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | date=1 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref> Gelar tersebut dipastikan sepekan kemudian melalui kemenangan 3–1 atas [[Hertha BSC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/10/bundesliga-finale-bayern-munich|title=Two-day parties, tears, fights and farewells mark Bundesliga finale| work = The Guardian | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein |date=10 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref><ref name=\"champions\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php|title=Champions Munich finish with a flourish|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=8 Mei 2010|accessdate=8 Mei 2010|language=en|archivedate=13 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513170629/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php}}</ref> Pada pertandingan tersebut Müller bermain sebagai pemain lini utama.\n\nDi sepanjang musim, dia bermain dalam ke-34 pertandingan Bundesliga,<ref name=\"2009–2010 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2009-10/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref> bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam 29 pertandingan, serta menorehkan 13 gol dan 11 ''assist''.<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\"/> Bayern and Müller kembali ke [[Berlin]] pada pekan berikutnya, untuk menghadapi [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] dalam pertandingan final [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]]. Müller bermain di lini utama dan Bayern memenangkan pertandingan 4–0 sekaligus melengkapi gelar ''double'' dalam kompetisi domestik.<ref name=\"2010cupfinal\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2009-10/6/1000000/spielanalyse_werder-bremen-4_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=Erneute Bayern-Party in Berlin|work=kicker|date=15 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=de|trans-title=Perayaan Bayern yang berikutnya di Berlin}}</ref> Müller mencetak empat gol dan memberikan dua ''assist'' selama kompetisi, yang menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak sepanjang musim ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2010/statistik/#Tore|title=Torjäger des DFB-Pokals 2009/2010|publisher=fussballdaten.de|language=de|date=15 Mei 2010|accessdate=15 Mei 2010|trans-title=Pencetak gol terbanyak DFB-Pokal musim 2009–2010}}</ref> Musim ini diakhiri dengan perburuan ''treble'' pertama, melalui pertandingan [[Final Liga Champions UEFA 2010|Final Liga Champions 2010]] melawan [[Inter Milan]] di [[Stadion Santiago Bernabéu]] di Madrid. Sayangnya, hal tersebut tidak terwujud setelah kalah 2–0 berkat kedua gol dari [[Diego Milito]]. Müller masuk ke dalam lini utama dan memperoleh peluang kunci setelah babak pertama, saat tertinggal 1–0, tetapi tendangannya diselamatkan oleh [[Júlio César Soares Espíndola|Júlio César]].<ref name=\"CLfinal2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/22/inter-champions-league-final-bayern|title=Inter win Champions League final as Diego Milito downs Bayern Munich| work = The Guardian |date=22 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref> Müller merasa sangat kecewa karena kekalahan ini,<ref name=\"champions1210\"/> tetapi dia mengakhiri musim pertamanya sebagai pemain tim utama dengan 52 pertandingan dan 19 gol di semua kompetisi.<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\"/>\n\nDalam suatu jajak pendapat yang dibuat oleh majalah olahraga ''kicker'', dia dipilih oleh rekan sesama pemain profesional sebagai pendatang baru terbaik untuk musim 2009–2010<ref name=\"newcomer\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2010/23660.php|title=Müller ist 'Aufsteiger der Saison'|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=31 Mei 2010|accessdate=1 Juni 2010|language=de|trans-title=Müller adalah 'pendatang baru terbaik musim ini'|archivedate=28 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728042704/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2010/23660.php}}</ref> dan masuk ke dalam daftar pemain tim pilihan Bundesliga musim ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24064.php|title=Bayern men dominate 2009–2010 players’ awards|date=13 Juli 2010|accessdate=16 Juli 2010|publisher=FC Bayern München|language=en|archivedate=19 Juli 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719005204/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24064.php}}</ref> Müller berterima kasih kepada Van Gaal karena telah menjadi bagian dari kesuksesan awalnya – pelatih yang datang dengan reputasinya karena mempromosikan pemain dari tim usia muda, terutama di [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]], dan konsisten memberi Müller kesempatan bermain dalam tim utama, seperti yang dikatakan Van Gaal, \"''Müller spielt bei mir immer''\" (\"bersama saya, Müller akan selalu bermain\").<ref name=\"immer\">{{cite web|url=http://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.fc-bayern-mueller-spielt-immer-nimmer.36bf05b5-9f65-4592-a123-8f1090078a85.html|title=\"Müller spielt immer\"? Nimmer!|trans-title=\"Müller selalu bermain?\" Tidak pernah!|publisher=Abendzeitung München|date=7 November 2010|accessdate=24 Agustus 2011|language=de}}</ref> Sebagai balasannya, Müller menyebut Van Gaal sebagai \"teknisi jenius\" yang membuat para pemainnya \"berkembang setiap saat.\"<ref name=\"champions1210\"/>\n\n==== Musim 2010–2011 ====\n[[Berkas:Thomas_Müller_in_Saint-Peterburg,_18_May_2011.png|jmpl|lurus|ka|Müller bersama Bayern München di Sankt-Peterburg, Rusia, Mei 2011]]\n\nMüller kembali dari rehat pasca-[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|Piala Dunia]] untuk kembali menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak, kali ini dia bertahan di Bayern hingga tahun 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Müller extends stay at Bayern until 2015|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=6 Agustus 2010|accessdate=7 Agustus 2010|language=en|archivedate=28 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728042649/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php}}</ref> Bersama semua pemain Bayern yang berpartisipasi di Piala Dunia, dia melewatkan banyak pertandingan pra-musim,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24471.php|title=First pre-season session for World Cup stars|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=2 Agustus 2010|accessdate=7 Agustus 2010|language=en|archivedate=5 Agustus 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805125115/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24471.php}}</ref> dan pertandingan pertama yang dia ikuti adalah pertandingan [[Piala Super DFL|DFL-Supercup]] melawan Schalke 04 pada tanggal 7 Agustus.<ref name=\"WM-Helden Müller und Klose treffen\">{{cite news|title=WM-Helden Müller und Klose treffen|url=http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2010/1/1003714/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-schalke-04-2.html|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=7 Agustus 2010|language=de}}</ref> Dia masuk ke dalam lini utama, dan mencetak gol pembuka dalam kemenangan 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php|title=Bayern holen den ersten Titel |publisher=[[Bundesliga]]|language=de|date=7 Agustus 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|trans-title=Bayern merebut gelar pertama|archivedate=21 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121115321/http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php}}</ref> Dua pekan kemudian dia mencetak gol pembuka musim untuk Bayern dalam kemenangan kandang 2–1 atas [[VfL Wolfsburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/1/1013222/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html|title=Schweinsteiger der Matchwinner zum Auftakt|work=kicker|language=de|date=20 Agustus 2010|accessdate=20 Agustus 2010|trans-title=Schweinsteiger menjadi penentu kemenangan di awal musim}}</ref> Müller bermain di setiap pertandingan di paruh awal musim dan biasanya bermain sebagai pemain lini utama,<ref name=\"fussballdaten1011\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2010/2011 |accessdate= 1 November 2014}}</ref> tetapi saat tim berjuang untuk memeroleh hasil yang terbaik, Müller tidak mampu mencapai perolehan gol pada musim sebelumnya,<ref name=\"fussballdaten1011\"/> dicadangkan,<ref name=\"immer\"/> dan bahkan menerima cacian dari Louis van Gaal setelah kehilangan peluang mudah dalam kekalahan 2–0 dari [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] pada bulan Agustus.<ref name=\"champions1210\"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/2/1013255/spielanalyse_1-fc-kaiserslautern-37_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=1. FC Kaiserslautern – Bayern München 2:0, 1. Bundesliga, Saison 2010/11, 2.Spieltag – Spielanalyse|language=de|date=27 Agustus 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|work=kicker|trans-title=1. FC Kaiserslautern 2–0 Bayern München, Bundesliga musim 2010–2011, ''Spieltag'' 2 – laporan pertandingan}}</ref> Namun, dia tetap filosofis mengenai keadaannya,<ref name=\"2010review\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=28 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|title=Müller’s marvellous year|language=en|archivedate=2 Januari 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102075422/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php}}</ref> dan setelah delapan pertandingan liga tanpa gol, dia mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] pada 27 November;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/14/1013356/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_eintracht-frankfurt-32.html|title=Müller nutzt Nikolovs Patzer|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|date=27 November 2010|work=kicker|language=de|trans-title=Müller memanfaatkan blunder Nikolov}}</ref> Dia melanjutkannya dengan mencetak gol dalam pertandingan Bundesliga dan DFB-Pokal melawan [[VfB Stuttgart]] tiga pekan kemudian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/17/1013386/spielanalyse_vfb-stuttgart-11_bayern-muenchen-14.html|work=kicker|title=Gomez und Müller als kongeniales Duo|date=19 Desember 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|language=de|trans-title=Gomez dan Müller – pasangan yang cocok}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2010-11/3/1123293/spielanalyse_vfb-stuttgart-11_bayern-muenchen-14.html|work=kicker|title=Rasse, Klasse und erneut Tore satt in Stuttgart|date=22 Desember 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|language=de|trans-title=Laju, kelas dan lebih banyak gol dalam satu pertandingan di Stuttgart}}</ref> Gol tersebut menambah jumlah gol yang dicetaknya menjadi delapan gol di semua kompetisi,<ref name=\"fussballdaten1011\"/> termasuk gol spektakuler yang memulai penambahan skor pada kemenangan dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan [[A.S. Roma]] pada 15 September.<ref name=\"champions1210\"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php|title=Van Gaal thrilled by Müller’s textbook strike|publisher=FC Bayern München|accessdate=19 Desember 2010|date=16 September 2010|language=en|archivedate=19 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919150755/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php}}</ref>\n\nSaat tim sedang menikmati jeda musim dingin, Müller merenungkan hal yang dia bayangkan sebagai \"tahun pertama yang hampir luar biasa sebagai seorang pemain profesional.\"<ref name=\"2010review\"/> Müller memulai paruh kedua musim dengan baik, tetapi terlibat pertengkaran dengan rekan setim [[Arjen Robben]], yang kesal saat Müller memperlihatkan ketidakpuasannya pada tendangan bebas yang dimanfaatkan Robben dengan buruk saat pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan 3–1 atas Werder Bremen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739|title=Robben hits out at Muller|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=30 Januari 2011|accessdate=31 Januari 2011|language=en|archive-date=2011-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202231626/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Müller kembali bermain di setiap pertandingan di sepanjang musim<ref name=\"2010–2011 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2010-11/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref> dan mencetak 19 gol (12 di antaranya pada liga domestik),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.espnfc.com/player/123465/thomas-muller?season | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = ESPN FC | accessdate = 20 Juni 2014 | language = en}}</ref> tetapi musim ini berakhir dengan kurang sukses bagi Bayern, yang mengakhiri musim di posisi ketiga,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/spieltag.html|title=1. Bundesliga: Spielpaarungen, Tabelle und Ergebnisse der Saison 2010/11 am 34. Spieltag|work=kicker|date=14 Mei 2011|accessdate=18 Mei 2011|language=de|trans-title=Bundesliga: jadwal, klasemen dan hasil pertandingan musim 2010–2011 pada ''Spieltag'' ke-34}}</ref> tersingkir di babak semi-final [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]] oleh Schalke 04,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2010-11/5/1129750/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-schalke-04-2.html|title=Raul trifft einmal, Neuer hält alles – Bayern k.o.|work=kicker|language=de|date=2 Maret 2011|accessdate=18 Mei 2011|trans-title=Satu gol dari Raul, dan Neuer tak tertandingi: Bayern tersingkir}}</ref> serta dalam pertandingan [[Liga Champions UEFA 2010–2011#Babak 16 besar|babak 16 besar]] [[Liga Champions UEFA]] melawan Inter Milan; Bayern menang 1–0 di [[San Siro]], dan Müller mencetak gol di ''leg'' kedua untuk memperlebar skor agregat 3–1, tetapi Inter mengimbangkan skor menjadi 3–3 pada menit ke-88 sehingga lolos berkat [[peraturan gol tandang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/15/bayern-munich-internazionale-champions-league|title=Goran Pandev strikes late as Inter leave Bayern Munich devastated again|accessdate=18 Mei 2011|date=15 Maret 2011| work = The Guardian |author=Nesha Starcevic |language=en}}</ref> Louis van Gaal semakin dikritik karena kekakuannya dalam kebijakan taktis, transfer, dan pemilihan pemain;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html|title=Van Gaal's failings were many | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein |date=14 April 2011|accessdate=28 Agustus 2011|publisher=Sports Illustrated|language=en|archivedate=18 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418110244/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html}}</ref> sehingga dia kehilangan pekerjaannya dan digantikan oleh [[Jupp Heynckes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/10/louis-van-gaal-bayern-munich|title=Louis van Gaal sacked by Bayern Munich| work = The Guardian |accessdate=18 Mei 2011|date=10 April 2011|language=en}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2011–2012 ====\nPada pertandingan pertama di DFB-Pokal Müller terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik setelah dua tendangan penalti dikonversi menjadi gol oleh [[Mario Gómez]] dan Bastian Schweinsteiger, Müller kemudian menambahkan gol ketiga di babak pamungkas untuk mengamankan kemenangan 3–0 atas [[Eintracht Braunschweig]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/1/1140230/spielbericht_eintracht-braunschweig-41_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Müller bestraft Braunschweiger Ungeschicktheit | language = de | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 1 Agustus 2011}}</ref> Perlu lima pertandingan bagi Müller untuk mencetak gol pertama di Bundesliga musim ini; ke gawang Schalke 04 dalam kemenangan 2–0 bagi Bayern. Müller kemudian mencetak gol dalam pertandingan kandang berikutnya sepanjang babak pertama pertandingan, yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0. Pada 26 November 2011, Müller mencetak gol pembuka di paruh awal pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan Bayern 6–0 atas FC Ingolstadt, memberikannya gol kedua dalam DFB-Pokal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/2/1260356/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-ingolstadt-04-7659.html | title = Pechvogel Pisot öffnet den Bayern das Tor | language = de | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 26 November 2011}}</ref> Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan [[FIFA Ballon d'Or]] [[FIFA Ballon d'Or 2011|tahun ini]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html | title = Men’s shortlists for FIFA Ballon d’Or Gala 2011 revealed | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 1 November 2011 | language = en | archivedate = 3 November 2011 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111103190930/https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html}}</ref>\n\nPada 10 dan 15 Januari 2012, dalam pertandingan persahabatan yang dilakoni oleh Bayern, Müller mencetak tiga gol dalam dua pertandingan, dua di antaranya dalam pertandingan melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola India|tim nasional India]] (yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 bagi Bayern)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33006.php?fcb_sid=5212e2fd9b807008ab856a15fe2d41b9 | title = Brace for Müller as FCB ease past India | publisher = FC Bayern München | accessdate =16 Januari 2012 | date = 10 Januari 2012 | language = en | archivedate = 25 Juli 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130725132655/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33006.php?fcb_sid=5212e2fd9b807008ab856a15fe2d41b9}}</ref> dan satu gol dalam kemenangan berikutnya dengan skor 4–0 atas Rot-Weiß Erfurt.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33051.php | title = FCB ease past Erfurt in perfect final warm-up | publisher = FC Bayern München | accessdate =16 Januari 2012 | date = 15 Januari 2012 | language = en | archivedate = 19 Januari 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120119005920/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33051.php}}</ref> Müller memberikan dua ''assist'' dalam kemenangan Bayern atas VfB Stuttgart dalam DFB-Pokal. Pada 11 Februari, Bayern menghadapi 1. FC Kaiserslautern dan Müller mengakhiri masa tanpa gol yang berlangsung sejak 24 September 2011 melalui sundulan kepala dalam kemenangan 2–0.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.merkur-online.de/sport/fc-bayern/spassvogel-mueller-war-selbst-ueberrascht-1597961.html | title = Müller: Erst Torschütze, dann Spaßvogel | publisher = merkur-online.de | accessdate =17 Februari 2012 | date = 12 Februari 2012 | language = de}}</ref> Pada 31 Maret, Müller memainkan pertandingan keseratusnya di Bundesliga saat menghadapi [[1. FC Nürnberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php | title = Lahm und Müller jubilieren | trans-title = Lahm dan Müller merayakan kemenangan | language = de |date=31 Maret 2012 |publisher=FC Bayern München | accessdate=31 Maret 2012 | archivedate = 3 April 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403041811/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php}}</ref> Pada 19 Mei, Müller mencetak gol pembuka dalam pertandingan final Liga Champions melawan [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] melalui sundulan kuat. Dia digantikan beberapa saat setelahnya. Akan tetapi, Bayern München kalah dalam pertandingan final melalui adu penalti. Müller menyatakan ketidakpuasannya atas waktu yang terbuang saat duduk di bangku cadangan.<ref name=Muellerdissatisfied>{{cite news|title=Teams alerted as Muller reveals Bayern anger|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html|accessdate=9 Juni 2012|newspaper=ESPN (UK)|date=8 Juni 2012|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824064426/http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Müller berkata bahwa meski dia tidak puas dia ingin bertahan di Bayern.<ref name=Muellerdissatisfied/> Di sepanjang musim, Müller mencetak tujuh gol dalam 34 pertandingan liga, dua gol dalam lima pertandingan Piala Jerman, dan dua gol dalam 14 pertandingan Liga Champions.<ref name=\"2011–2012 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2011-12/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2012–2013 ====\nGol pertama yang dicetak oleh Müller dalam Bundesliga musim ini terjadi saat menghadapi juara 2. Bundesliga musim lalu [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]] yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0 untuk Bayern pada 27 Agustus 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php |title=Bayern can 'only get better' |publisher=Bundesliga |date=27 Agustus 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005927/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php |archivedate=7 Juni 2014 |language=en}}</ref> Pada 2 September, dia mencetak dua gol saat mengalahkan VfB Stuttgart dengan skor akhir 6–1 di hadapan 71.000 penonton di [[Allianz Arena]] yang baru saja diperluas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/ |title=Bayern München 6 – 1 Stuttgart – Heynckes’ Team Again Dominant |publisher=Bundesliga Fanatic |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Gerry |last=Wittmann |language=en |archive-date=2013-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117155251/http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php |title=Bayern hit Stuttgart for six |publisher=Bundesliga |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Christopher |last=Mayer-Lodge |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005810/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php |archivedate=7 Juni 2014 |language=en}}</ref> Müller membantu Bayern memecahkan rekor di awal musim, saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] pada tanggal 20 Oktober dalam kemenangan 5–0, menorehkan delapan kemenangan beruntun bagi Bayern.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=346334&cc=5901 |title=Bayern continue perfect start |publisher=ESPN FC |date=20 Oktober 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak gol pertama di [[Liga Champions UEFA 2012–2013|Liga Champions]] musim ini dari titik penalti saat Bayern mengalahkan [[Lille OSC|Lille]] 1–0 di [[Stadion Pierre-Mauroy|Grand Stade Lille Métropole]] yang baru saja dibangun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html#bayern+overcome+losc |title=Müller spot kick secures victory for Bayern |publisher=UEFA |date=23 Oktober 2012 | accessdate = 19 Desember 2012 | first = Chris | last = Burke | language = en | archivedate = 26 Oktober 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026154817/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>\n\nPada 13 Desember, setelah menjalani paruh awal musim Bundesliga dengan baik, Müller menjanjikan kesetiaannya dengan menyatakan bahwa dia merasa München bagaikan tempat tinggalnya dan bahwa, \"Tidak ada klub yang berkembang jika Anda meninggalkan FC Bayern... hampir tidak ada klub yang lebih baik.\"<ref name=\"Pinnacle\">{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1261967/thomas-muller:-bayern-munich-the-pinnacle?cc=5901 |title=Muller: Bayern the pinnacle |publisher=ESPN FC |date=13 Desember 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Stephan |last=Uersfeld |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Enam hari kemudian, dia menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak dua tahun, yang membuatnya bertahan di Allianz Arena hingga 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1270008/thomas-muller-inks-new-deal-at-bayern-munich?cc=5901 |title=Muller inks new deal at Bayern |publisher=ESPN FC |date=19 Desember 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Stephan |last=Uersfeld |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pada jeda musim dingin Bundesliga, dia telah mencetak sembilan gol dan memberikan tujuh ''assist'' dalam 16 penampilan di liga dan tiga gol tambahan di Liga Champions;<ref name=\"Pinnacle\"/> hal ini memberikannya total 13 gol pada sepanjang paruh awal musim, termasuk gol yang dia ciptakan saat melawan Borussia Dortmund dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang berakhir kemenangan bagi Bayern. Müller kembali mencetak gol setelah jeda musim dingin saat menghadapi VfB Stuttgart dengan kemenangan tandang 2–0. Müller mencetak gol kelimanya di Liga Champions pada 2 April 2013, melengkapi kekalahan [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] di ''leg'' pertama dengan skor 2–0 sekaligus mengakhiri rekor tak terkalahkan oleh klub Italia setelah 18 pertandingan di Eropa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html |title=Bayern take command against Juventus |publisher=UEFA |date=2 April 2013 | accessdate=2 April 2013 | first = Andy | last = James |language=en|archivedate=5 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405002334/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref> Pada 23 April, Müller mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu ''assist'' dalam kemenangan 4–0 atas [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] pada pertandingan semi-final Liga Champions di Allianz Arena.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2313719/Bayern-Munich-4-Barcelona-0--Match-report-Thomas-Muller-Mario-Gomez-Arjen-Robben-Bundesliga-advantage.html|title= Bayern Munich 4 Barcelona 0: Muller brace seals comfortable win as Messi and Co face uphill task to make Wembley final|date=23 April 2013|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=24 April 2013|language=en}}</ref> Pada pertandingan selanjutnya, Müller mencetak gol melalui sundulan kepala saat Bayern menang dengan skor 3–0 dan memberikan kekalahan terbesar bagi Barcelona di Liga Champions dengan skor agregat 7–0.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html | title = Clinical Bayern complete Barcelona conquest | publisher = UEFA.com | date = 1 Mei 2013 | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | first = Graham | last = Hunter | language = en | archivedate = 5 Mei 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130505054730/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref> Müller kemudian memainkan peran penting dalam kemenangan Bayern 2–1 atas Borussia Dortmund pada [[Final Liga Champions UEFA 2013|pertandingan final]]. Pada 1 Juni, Müller mencetak gol melalui tendangan penalti pada pertandingan final DFB-Pokal 2012–2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/match/106533/fc-bayern-m%C3%BCnchen-vs-vfb-stuttgart/report?ICID=OP | title = Bayern Munich 3–2 Stuttgart: Gomez at the double as Bavarians survive Schwaben fightback to complete treble | publisher = goal.com | date = 1 Juni 2013 | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | first = Enis | last = Koylu | language = en}}</ref> Bayern memenangkan DFB-Pokal dengan skor akhir 3–2 sekaligus melengkapi ''treble'' historis. Müller mencetak 23 gol di sepanjang musim (termasuk semua kompetisi), 13 di antaranya pada pertandingan Bundesliga,<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref> satu gol pada DFB-Pokal,<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\"/> dan delapan gol impresif di Liga Champions,<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\"/> dia juga menambahkan satu pada pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang memberi kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = goal.com | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | language = en | archivedate = 2013-09-10 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130910104530/http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP | dead-url = no }}</ref> Musim ini menjadi musim dengan gol terbanyak yang dicetak oleh Müller pada saat itu.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://espnfc.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-m%C3%BCller?cc=5739# | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = ESPN FC | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | language = en}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2013–2014 ====\n[[Berkas:Thomas Müller 2013.jpg|jmpl|ka|lurus|Müller bermain untuk Bayern pada 2013]]\n\nMüller memulai musim 2013–2014 dengan mencetak beberapa gol dalam tujuh dari 12 pertandingan pra-musim yang dilakoni oleh Bayern. Pertandingan kompetitif pertamanya adalah pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund di DFL-Supercup.<ref name=\"Reus eröffnet und beendet den Torreigen\">{{cite news|title=Reus eröffnet und beendet den Torreigen|url=http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2013/1/1887827/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=27 Juli 2013|language=de}}</ref> Pada 5 Agustus 2013, Müller mencetak ''hat-trick'' saat Bayern menang 5–0 dalam pertandingan babak pertama DFB-Pokal 2013–2014 melawan Schwarz-Weiß Rehden. Pada pertandingan pembuka musim Bundesliga 2013–2014, Müller menyia-nyiakan tendangan penalti untuk pertama kali. Beberapa saat kemudian, penyelamatan bola dari tendangan penalti mengibaskan tangan [[Álvaro Domínguez Soto|Álvaro Domínguez]] yang mengakibatkan tendangan penalti berikutnya yang berhasil dimanfaatkan [[David Alaba]]. Setelah pertandingan, Müller berkata, \"Saya masih senang melakukan tendangan penalti, tetapi saya pikir David Alaba adalah pemain terbaik dalam memanfaatkan tendangan titik untuk saat ini.\" Dia bermain dalam [[Piala Super UEFA 2013|UEFA Super Cup]].<ref name=\"Neuer hält den Supercup fest\">{{cite news|title=Neuer hält den Supercup fest|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/uefa-supercup/2013/1/1887586/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-chelsea-505.html|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=30 Agustus 2013|language=de}}</ref> Pada 25 September saat menghadapi [[Hannover 96]] di babak kedua DFB-Pokal, Müller menambahkan dua gol ke dalam jumlah gol yang dicetaknya hanya dalam dua pertandingan. Pada 28 September, Müller mencetak satu-satunya gol dalam kemenangan 1–0 atas VfL Wolfsburg, memberikannya gol pertama pada musim Bundesliga 2013–2014. Müller mencetak gol pertamanya di [[Liga Champions UEFA 2013–2014]] dan Bayern mengalahkan [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] 3–1 di [[City of Manchester Stadium]] pada 2 Oktober. Dia bermain dalam suatu pertandingan di [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2013|Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA]].<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\">{{cite web|title=Thomas Müller » Club matches|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/thomas-mueller/2/|publisher=World Football|accessdate=25 November 2015|language=en}}</ref>\n\nPada 17 Mei 2014, Müller mencetak gol kedua bagi Bayern dalam pertandingan Final DFB-Pokal 2014 melawan Borussia Dortmund dengan skor akhir 2–0 setelah perpanjangan waktu, memberikan ''die Roten'' gelar ''double'' kesepuluh di liga dan piala domestik dalam sejarah klub.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2014/05/17/bayern-beats-dortmund-2-0-in-german-cup-final/9221529/|title=Bayern beats Dortmund 2–0 in German Cup final|date=17 Mei 2014|accessdate=18 Mei 2014|work=USA Today|language=en}}</ref> Müller menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak dalam turnamen dengan delapan gol dalam lima penampilan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html|title=Die Statistiken zum DFB-Pokalfinale 2014|date=18 Mei 2014|accessdate=18 Mei 2014|language=de|work=Deutscher Fußball-Bund|archivedate=26 Mei 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526182855/https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html}}</ref> Dia menuntaskan musim dengan mencetak 13 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, delapan gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan lima gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions.<ref name=\"2013–2014 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2013-14/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate= 17 Mei 2014|language=de}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2014–2015 ====\nSetelah musim 2013–2014, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2019<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich: Philipp Lahm and Thomas Muller sign new deals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27793926|accessdate=11 Juni 2014|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=11 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref> dan menolak tawaran kontrak dari [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref name=\"Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer\"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Mueller: I rejected more money at United|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html|accessdate=20 Agustus 2014|publisher=ESPN (UK)|date=20 Agustus 2014|language=en|archive-date=2014-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821053252/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Müller bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2014,<ref name=\"2014supercup\">{{cite news|title=Aubameyang köpft BVB zum Supercup-Sieg|url=http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2014/1/2396815/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=13 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=13 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref> yang merupakan pertandingan pertama bagi Bayern pada musim 2014–2015. Akan tetapi, Bayern kalah dengan skor 2–0.<ref name=\"2014supercup\"/> Gol pertamanya untuk musim ini adalah gol yang dihasilkan pada pertandingan melawan Preußen Münster dalam DFB-Pokal pada tanggal 17 Agustus 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Götze, Müller, Alaba und Pizarro – FCB auf Kurs|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2014-15/1/2397917/spielbericht_preussen-muenster-104_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=17 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=17 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref> Kemudian di laga pembuka Bundesliga,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunbar|first1=Ross|title=Bayern to open season against Wolfsburg as Bundesliga fixtures confirmed|url=http://www.dw.de/bayern-to-open-season-against-wolfsburg-as-bundesliga-fixtures-confirmed/a-17733107|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=24 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref> pada 22 Agustus,<ref name=\"Robben macht's besser als Malanda\">{{cite news|title=Robben macht's besser als Malanda|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2014-15/1/2407218/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=22 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref> Müller mencetak gol pembuka Bundesliga musim ini saat menghadapi VfL Wolfsburg.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern mühen sich zum Erfolg gegen Wolfsburg|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/bundesliga/fc-bayern-muenchen/article131507396/Bayern-muehen-sich-zum-Erfolg-gegen-Wolfsburg.html|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|publisher=Die Welt|date=22 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref> Bayern memenangkan pertandingan dengan skor 2–1.<ref name=\"Robben macht's besser als Malanda\"/>\n\nPada 11 Maret 2015, Müller mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]] dengan kemenangan 7–0 sekaligus mengimbangi mantan rekan setim Mario Gómez sebagai pemain Jerman yang mencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Champions UEFA.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com.au/bayern-munich/story/2343584/bayern-munichs-thomas-muller----you-wish-for-a-match-like-that|title=Bayern Munich's Thomas Muller: You wish for a match like that|accessdate=13 Maret 2015|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Dia kemudian memimpin perolehan gol sebagai pemain Jerman saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 6–1 atas Porto pada 21 April.<ref>{{cite news|last=Starcevic|first=Nesha|title=Bayern routs Porto reach Champions semis|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2015/04/21/bayern-routs-porto-reach-champions-semis.html|accessdate=22 April 2015|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=21 April 2015|language=en}}</ref> Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan 13 gol dalam 32 pertandingan liga, satu gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan tujuh gol dalam sepuluh pertandingan Liga Champions.<ref name=\"2014–2015 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2014-15/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html | publisher = kicker | accessdate = 16 Mei 2015 | language = de}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2015–2016 ====\nMüller memulai musim ini dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan VfL Wolfsburg.<ref name=\"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 1 Agustus 2015 | access-date = 1 Agustus 2015}}</ref> Dia memulai musim liga dengan mencetak dua gol ke gawang Hamburger SV,<ref>{{cite news|title=Doppelpack: Es müllert zum Auftakt|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/1/2854915/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_hamburger-sv-12.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=14 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref> satu gol ke gawang [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|1899 Hoffenheim]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Lewandowski erweitert seine Serie gegen Baumann|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/2/2854949/spielanalyse_1899-hoffenheim-3209_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=22 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref> dua gol ke gawang [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]],<ref name=\"Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen\">{{cite news|title=Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/3/2854951/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_bayer-leverkusen-9.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=29 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref> dan satu gol ke gawang [[FC Augsburg]]<ref name=\"Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool\">{{cite news|title=Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/4/2854960/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-augsburg-91.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=12 September 2015|language=de}}</ref> dalam empat ''matchday'' pertama. Dia mencetak gol dari titik penalti saat melawan Bayer Leverkusen<ref name=\"Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen\"/> dan Augsburg.<ref name=\"Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool\"/> Akan tetapi, dia gagal mencetak gol dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga berikutnya yang dilakoninya.<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref> Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti menjadi gol saat menghadapi [[1. FSV Mainz 05|Mainz 05]] di ''matchday'' tujuh.<ref name=\"FCB siegt dank Lewandowski im Schongang\">{{cite news|title=FCB siegt dank Lewandowski im Schongang|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/7/2854995/spielanalyse_1-fsv-mainz-05-30_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=28 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=26 September 2015|language=de}}</ref> Gol berikutnya di Bundesliga tercipta saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Borussia Dortmund di ''matchday'' delapan.<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/> Salah satu golnya diciptakan dari titik penalti.<ref name=\"Erst Müller eiskalt, später Lewandowski konsequent\">{{cite news|title=Erst Müller eiskalt, später Lewandowski konsequent|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/8/2854996/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_borussia-dortmund-17.html|accessdate=28 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=4 Oktober 2015|language=de}}</ref> Kemampuannya mencetak gol berlanjut di kompetisi yang lain. Dia mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Wolfsburg di babak kedua DFB-Pokal;<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern wirft den Titelverteidiger raus – dank Müller und Costa|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2015-16/2/3243148/spielanalyse_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=27 Oktober 2015|language=de}}</ref> dan di Liga Champions, dua gol melawan [[Olympiacos F.C.|Olympiacos]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Doppelter Müller bringt den FC Bayern auf Kurs|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2015-16/1/3254880/spielanalyse_olympiakos-piraeus_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=16 September 2015|language=de}}</ref> dua gol ke gawang [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Magowan|first1=Alistair|title=Bayern Munich 5–1 Arsenal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34675853|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=4 November 2015|language=en}}</ref> dan satu gol pada ''leg'' kedua melawan Olympiacos.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Matar|first1=Daniella|title=Barcelona, Bayern Munich advance in Champions League|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2015/11/24/barcelona-bayern-munich-advance-in-champions-league.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=24 November 2015|language=en}}</ref> Saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan kandang melawan Olympiacos, Müller menjadi pemain termuda yang memenangkan 50 pertandingan Liga Champions UEFA, memecahkan rekor [[Lionel Messi]] setelah bertahan selama 14 bulan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2310014.html|title=This season's Champions League record-breakers|date=12 Desember 2015|work=UEFA|language=en}}</ref>\n\nPada 9 Desember 2015, Müller menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Franck Ribéry pada menit ke-46 dalam kemenangan 2–0 atas [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Doppelschlag Lewandowski: Fünfter Bayern-Sieg|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2015-16/6/3254883/spielanalyse_dinamo-zagreb_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=10 Desember 2015|publisher=kicker|date=9 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref> Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti pada pertandingan tersebut<ref>{{cite news|title=Robert Lewandowski helps Bayern Munich ease past Dinamo Zagreb|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/09/dinamo-zagreb-bayern-munich-champions-league-match-report|accessdate=10 Desember 2015|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Guardian|date=9 Desember 2015|language=en}}</ref> dan mengakhiri babak grup dengan lima gol dalam enam penampilan.<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/> Pada 18 Desember, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru bersama Bayern, yang mempertahankannya dalam klub hingga 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Der FC Bayern verlängert mit vier Superstars|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article150112292/Der-FC-Bayern-verlaengert-mit-vier-Superstars.html|accessdate=21 Desember 2015|publisher=Die Welt|date=18 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref> Pada 19 Desember,<ref name=\"Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter\">{{cite news|title=Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/17/2855083/spielbericht_hannover-96-58_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=21 Desember 2015|publisher=kicker|date=19 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref> Bayern mengalahkan Hannover 96 dengan skor 1–0<ref name=\"Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter\"/> berkat gol dari titik penalti oleh Müller.<ref name=\"Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation\">{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/19/hannover-bayern-munich-bundesliga-match-report|accessdate=22 Desember 2015|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Guardian|date=19 Desember 2015|language=en}}</ref> Bayern memulai jeda musim dingin setelah pertandingan.<ref name=\"Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation\"/> Müller mengakhiri paruh awal musim liga dengan 14 gol dari 17 penampilan,<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/> termasuk lima gol dari titik penalti dalam enam peluang.<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/> Dia telah mencetak 21 gol dalam 25 penampilan di semua kompetisi hingga jeda musim dingin.<ref name=\"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle\"/><ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/>\n\nPada 12 Maret 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–0 atas Werder Bremen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/mar/12/bayern-munich-werder-bremen-bundesliga-match-report|title=Bayern Munich hit Werder Bremen for five as Thomas Müller bags brace |date=12 Maret 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=17 Maret 2016}}</ref> Empat hari kemudian, saat Bayern tertinggal 1–2 di ''leg'' kedua dari [[Liga Champions UEFA 2015–2016|babak 16 besar Liga Champions]], dia mencetak gol penyeimbang pada menit ke-91 sebelum Bayern memenangkan pertandingan melalui perpanjangan waktu dengan skor akhir 4–2 (agregat 6–4).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35814918|title=Bayern Munich 4–2 Juventus|date=16 Maret 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|last =Lewis|first =Aimee|accessdate=17 Maret 2016|language=en}}</ref>\n\nPada 19 April 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol saat Bayern mengalahkan Werder Bremen di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal dengan skor 2–0. Gol pertamanya dalam pertandingan ini merupakan gol ke-150 yang dia persembahkan bagi klub di semua kompetisi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-pokal/2016/04/dfb-pokal-fc-bayern-muenchen-gegen-werder-bremen-in-der-datenanalyse|title=Daten: Müller zieht an Hoeneß vorbei|language=de|date=20 April 2016|work=Sport1 | access-date = 22 April 2016}}</ref>\n\nPada 3 Mei, tendangan penalti Müller diselamatkan oleh [[Jan Oblak]] dalam ''leg'' kedua semi-final Liga Champions saat menjamu [[Atlético Madrid]]. Pertandingan berakhir dengan kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern tetapi tersingkir karena [[peraturan gol tandang]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/05/03/bayern-munich-2-atletico-madrid-1-pep-guardiola-pays-heavy-penal/|title=Bayern 2 Atletico 1: Guardiola pays heavy penalty for Muller miss as Atleti reach final on away goals|date=3 Mei 2016|work=The Telegraph | access-date = 4 Mei 2016 | language = en}}</ref>\n\nDia mengakhiri musim dengan mencetak 20 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, empat gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions.<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/> Namun, dia tidak mencetak gol dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup.<ref name=\"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle\"/>\n\n==== Musim 2016–2017 ====\nMüller memulai musim dengan mencetak gol dan memenangkan pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2016 melawan Borussia Dortmund pada 14 Agustus 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich 2–0 Borussia Dortmund: Carlo Ancelotti wins first German trophy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37079772|accessdate=14 Agustus 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 Agustus 2016|language=en}}</ref> Pada pertandingan liga, Müller tidak mencetak gol selama 999 menit hingga dia berhasil mencetak gol selama pertandingan kandang melawan [[VfL Wolfsburg]] pada menit ke-76.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272 | title = Bayern Munich 5 Wolfsburg 0: Muller breaks duck as hosts go top | website = FourFourTwo | date = 10 Desember 2016 | access-date = 10 Desember 2016 | language = en | archivedate = 21 Desember 2016 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111112/http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272}}</ref> Dia mengakhiri musim 2016–2017 dengan mencetak lima gol dalam 29 penampilannya di Bundesliga, tidak ada gol dalam tiga penampilan di DFB-Pokal, dan tiga gol dalam sembilan penampilan di [[Liga Champions UEFA 2016–2017|Liga Champions]].<ref name=\"2016–2017 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2016-17/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 20 Mei 2017}}</ref> Müller menambah rekor dalam kariernya dengan 12 ''assist'' di Bundesliga.\n\nBeberapa pakar sepak bola Jerman seperti [[Lothar Matthäus]] menyalahkan manajer [[Carlo Ancelotti]] karena perjuangan Müller di depan gawang. Ancelotti lebih sering menggunakan [[Thiago Alcântara]] sebagai pemain di belakang penyerang, posisi utama Müller. Müller sering dicadangkan pada beberapa pertandingan penting di Eropa dan Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2017/8/29/16217850/lothar-matthaus-carlo-ancelotti-thomas-muller | title = Lothar Matthäus believes Carlo Ancelotti is at fault for Thomas Müller’s drop off | website = bavarianfootballworks.com | date = 29 Agustus 2017 | access-date = 4 Maret 2018 | first = Tom | last = Adams | language = en}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2017–2018 ====\nMüller memulai musim 2017–2018 dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2017.<ref name=\"2017 German Super Cup\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2017/1/3813700/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Bayerns erster Titel dank Flippertor und Ulreich | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 5 Agustus 2017 | access-date = 5 Agustus 2017}}</ref> Dia bermain selama 67 pertama sebelum digantikan oleh [[Kingsley Coman]].<ref name=\"2017 German Super Cup\"/> Gol pertamanya pada musim ini dicetak pada pertandingan melawan Mainz di ''matchday'' empat dari Bundesliga.<ref name=\"2017–2018 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2017-18/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 20 Februari 2018}}</ref> Pada 21 Januari 2018, dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Werder Bremen pada pertandingan Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web|title=4:2! Bremen erweist sich als große Hürde|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2017-18/19/3827750/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_werder-bremen-4.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=20 Februari 2018|language=de}}</ref> Pada 20 Februari, Müller mencetak dua gol ke gawang [[Beşiktaş JK|Beşiktaş]] di [[Liga Champions UEFA 2017–2018|Liga Champions]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Müller spielt den Türöffner bei Bayerns Gala|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2017-18/7/4200860/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_besiktas-istanbul.html|accessdate=20 Februari 2018|publisher=kicker|language=de}}</ref>\n\nMüller memimpin Bundesliga dengan 14 ''assist''. Dia juga mencetak 8 gol dalam 29 pertandingan.<ref name=Bundesliga1718>{{cite web | url = https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/lewandowski-thomas-muller-2017-18-most-goals-most-assists-top-stats-481046.jsp | title = Robert Lewandowski, Thomas Müller and the Bundesliga's 2017/18 chart-toppers | publisher = Bundesliga | accessdate = 2 Juli 2018 | language = en}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2018–2019 ====\nMüller memulai musim 2018–2019 dengan bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2018.<ref name=\"2018 German Super Cup\">{{cite web |title=FCB gewinnt Supercup – Lewandowski macht den Unterschied |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2018/1/4213948/spielanalyse_eintracht-frankfurt-32_bayern-muenchen-14.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=19 Agustus 2018 |language=de}}</ref> Dia digantikan oleh [[Leon Goretzka]] pada menit ke-64.<ref name=\"2018 German Super Cup\"/> Müller mencetak gol dalam dua pertandingan pertama Bundesliga musim ini.<ref name=\"2018–2019 season\">{{cite web |title=Thomas Müller |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2018-19/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=28 November 2018 |language=de}}</ref> Dia mencetak gol dalam pertandingan babak kedua DFB-Pokal melawan SV Rödinghausen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wagner schießt pomadige Bayern ins Achtelfinale |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2018-19/2/4546346/spielanalyse_sv-roedinghausen-20930_bayern-muenchen-14.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=28 November 2018 |language=de}}</ref> Dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] dalam pertandingan Bundesliga pada 24 November 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=90.+3! Lukebakio schockt die Bayern mit Tor drei |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2018-19/12/4243364/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fortuna-duesseldorf-13.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=28 November 2018 |language=de}}</ref> Pada 12 Desember, Müller bermain dalam pertandingan Liga Champions yang ke-105 dalam kariernya, yakni dalam pertandingan [[Liga Champions UEFA 2018–2019|Liga Champions]] melawan [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]], sekaligus mengimbangi legenda klub [[Philipp Lahm]] sebagai pemegang rekor penampilan terbanyak di Liga Champions bersama Bayern.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.dw.com/en/bayern-munich-and-ajax-deliver-six-goal-thriller-on-memorable-european-night/a-46705178 | title = Bayern Munich and Ajax deliver six-goal thriller on memorable European night | website = dw.com | date = 12 Desember 2018 | access-date = 2 Januari 2019 | language = en}}</ref> Pada pertandingan yang sama, Müller dikeluarkan dari lapangan untuk pertama kalinya setelah diganjar kartu merah langsung.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thomas Muller sent off as Robert Lewandowski double sees Bayern claim top spot in Group E |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=526414 |accessdate=12 Desember 2018 |agency=Reuters |publisher=ESPN |date=12 Desember 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ajax 3–3 Bayern |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46543556 |publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=2 Januari 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Akibat dari pelanggaran tersebut, dia mendapat hukuman berupa larangan bermain selama dua pertandingan di Liga Champions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Zwei Spiele Sperre für Müller - Bayern legt Berufung ein |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/thomas-mueller-liverpool-sperre-1.4283938 |accessdate=11 Januari 2019 |publisher=Süddeutsche Zeitung |date=11 Januari 2019 |language=de}}</ref> Pada 15 Desember, Müller membuat penampilannya yang ke-300 di Bundesliga untuk Bayern dalam pertandingan melawan Hannover 96.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/hannover-bayern-munich-live-line-ups-stats-james-rodriguez-robben-lewandowski-fantasy-518926.jsp | title = Hannover vs Bayern match report | publisher = bundesliga.com | accessdate = 15 Desember 2018 | language=en}}</ref>\n\n==== Musim 2019–2020 ====\n\nPada 2 November 2019, Müller membuat penampilan kompetitifnya yang ke-500 untuk Bayern, menjadi pemain Bayern ke-10 yang mencapai angka ini sejak promosi klub ke Bundesliga pada tahun 1965. Bulan berikutnya, ia menjadi pemain pertama yang mencatatkan 11 assist di paruh pertama musim Bundesliga, mencapai rekor baru dalam kemenangan 2-0 timnya atas [[VfL Wolfsburg|Wolfsburg]]. Pada 7 April 2020, Müller menetapkan perpanjangan kontrak yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2023.  Dia mencatatkan assist ke-20 musim Bundesliga dalam pertandingan tandang melawan [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] pada matchday 30, memecahkan rekor assist terbanyak dalam satu musim, yang sebelumnya dipegang oleh [[Kevin De Bruyne]] dan [[Emil Forsberg]].  Dia memberikan assist lain dalam pertandingan tandang melawan Wolfsburg pada Matchday 34, untuk menyelesaikan musim dengan rekor 21 assist.\n\nPada 14 Agustus, Müller mencetak dua gol dan memberikan assist dalam pertandingan perempat final [[Liga Champions UEFA 2019–2020]] melawan [[FC Barcelona]], ​​yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 8–2. Kemudian, Bayern menang 1-0 atas [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]] di final, yang menandai gelar Liga Champions keenam klub dan gelar Liga Champions kedua Müller. Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan mencetak 8 gol dalam 33 pertandingan liga, dua gol dalam enam pertandingan Piala Jerman, dan 4 gol dalam 10 pertandingan Liga Champions.\n\n==== Musim 2020–2021 ====\n\nPada 18 September 2020, Müller mencetak gol pertamanya musim ini, dan memberikan satu assist, dalam kemenangan 8-0 atas [[FC Schalke 04]]. Dia kemudian berhasil memenangkan [[Piala Super UEFA]] dan [[Piala Super DFL]] menjadi trofi ke-27 dalam karir klubnya;  karenanya, ia menjadi pemain paling berprestasi dalam sejarah Jerman, memecahkan rekor sebelumnya yaitu 26 trofi yang dimenangkan oleh mantan rekan setimnya di Bayern [[Bastian Schweinsteiger]]. Pada 11 Februari 2021, dia dinyatakan positif COVID-19 dan menjalani karantina;  karenanya, tidak dapat bermain di [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA|Final Piala Dunia Klub FIFA 2020]]. Namun, Bayern memenangkan final 1-0 melawan tim Meksiko [[Tigres de la UANL]].\n\nMüller memenangkan gelar Bundesliga kesembilan berturut-turut saat Bayern menyelesaikan liga di tempat pertama dengan 78 poin, unggul 13 poin dari posisi kedua [[Borussia Dortmund]].  Itu adalah gelar Bundesliga ke-10 Müller.  Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan mencetak 15 gol dalam 46 pertandingan di semua Kompetisi.\n\n==== Musim 2021–2022 ====\n\nPada 17 Agustus 2021, Müller mencetak gol pertamanya musim ini, dan memberikan satu assist, dalam kemenangan tandang 3-1 melawan Borussia Dortmund di [[DFL-Supercup 2021]]. Pada 19 November, Müller tampil ke-600 untuk Bayern dalam kekalahan 2-1 dari [[FC Augsburg]], menjadi penampil keempat secara keseluruhan di belakang [[Sepp Maier]], [[Gerd Müller]] dan [[Oliver Kahn]].  Pada 8 Desember, Müller mencetak gol ke-50 di [[Liga Champions UEFA]] melawan Barcelona dalam kemenangan 3-0, menjadi pemain ke-8 dalam sejarah kompetisi yang melakukannya.  Müller memainkan pertandingannya yang ke-400 di Bundesliga pada 17 Desember, mencetak satu gol dan memberikan assist dalam kemenangan 4-0 atas Wolfsburg.\n\nPada tanggal 23 April, setelah menang 3-1 melawan Dortmund di Der Klassiker, Bayern memenangkan gelar Bundesliga ke-10 berturut-turut, dalam prosesnya, menjadikan Müller pemain dengan gelar Bundesliga terbanyak dalam sejarah dengan 11. Pada tanggal 3 Mei, Müller memperpanjang masa jabatannya.  kontrak dengan Bayern, mempertahankannya di klub hingga akhir musim 2023–2024.\n\n== Karier Internasional ==\n[[Berkas:Thomas Müller, Germany national football team (03).jpg|jmpl|lurus|ka|Thomas Müller mengenakan nomor 13 untuk Jerman, nomor yang pernah dikenakan oleh legenda Jerman [[Gerd Müller]] yang berkata mengenai pemain semarganya; \"dia akan menjadi pemain yang hebat.\"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://m.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=gerd-muller-thomas-will-break-records-2375765.html | title = Gerd Muller: Thomas will break records | publisher = FIFA.com | date = 18 Juni 2014 | accessdate = 20 Juni 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2020-08-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200824064452/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/gerd-muller-thomas-will-break-records-2375765// | dead-url = yes }}</ref>]]\n[[Berkas:Thomas Müller, Germany national football team (05).jpg|jmpl|lurus|ka|Müller bermain untuk Jerman pada 2011]]\n[[Berkas:Thomas Müller, Germany national football team (07).jpg|jmpl|ka|Müller dalam pertandingan [[Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2012]] melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Austria|Austria]].]]\n\nMüller mewakili Jerman di berbagai tingkatan usia muda, dimulai dengan U-16 pada 2004.<ref name=\"DFB\"/> Pada Agustus 2009, dia dipanggil ke dalam [[Tim nasional sepak bola U-21 Jerman|tim U-21]] untuk memulai debutnya pada [[pertandingan persahabatan]] yang berakhir kekalahan 3–1 dari Turki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/u-21-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2009/1/946103/spielbericht_deutschland-3096_tuerkei-u-21.html|title=Türkei vermiest Adrions Debüt|work=kicker|date=11 Agustus 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Turki merusak debut Adrion}}</ref> Dia memperoleh enam penampilan untuk tim U-21 dan mencetak satu gol,<ref name=\"DFB\"/> yakni gol kedelapan dalam pertandingan dengan kemenangan akbar 11–0 atas San Marino.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland|title=San Marino – Germany 0:11 (0:5)|publisher=DFB|date=17 November 2009|accessdate=25 Desember 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Agustus 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829085033/https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland}}</ref>\n\nPada bulan Oktober pada tahun yang sama, penampilan tetap Müller untuk tim utama Bayern menyebabkan manajer tim nasional Jerman [[Joachim Löw]] mempertimbangkan pemanggilannya,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/515765/artikel_Loew-bleibt---wenn-alle-bleiben.html|title=Löw bleibt – wenn alle bleiben|trans-title=Löw bertahan – jika semua bertahan|work=kicker|language=de|date=12 Oktober 2009|accessdate=20 Oktober 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/516070/artikel_DFB-Team-trifft-auf-Drogba-26-Co.html|title=DFB-Team trifft auf Drogba & Co.|trans-title=Tim DFB menghadapi Drogba dkk|work=kicker|language=de|date=20 Oktober 2009|accessdate=20 Oktober 2009}}</ref> meski mendapat penolakan awal dari pengurus Bayern München;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bild.de/sport/fussball/wm/karl-heinz-rummenigge-empfiehlt-langen-urlaub-11685094.bild.html|title=Rummenigge empfiehlt langen Urlaub|trans-title=Rummenigge merekomendasikan liburang panjang|publisher=Bild|language=de|date=3 Maret 2010|accessdate=23 Agustus 2011}}</ref> pada bulan berikutnya, Müller masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Pantai Gading|Pantai Gading]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/nov/06/aaron-hunt-germany-call-up|title=Aaron Hunt wins Germany call-up after turning back on England| work = The Guardian |date=6 November 2009|accessdate=6 November 2009|language=en}}</ref> Akan tetapi, pertandingan ini beriringan dengan wafatnya [[Penjaga gawang (sepak bola)|kiper]] tim nasional [[Robert Enke]], yang menyebabkan pembatalan pertandingan melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Chili|Chili]] di pekan yang sama.<ref name=\"callup\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php|title=Müller proud after call to Germany set-up|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=27 Januari 2010|accessdate=1 Februari 2010|language=en|archivedate=30 Januari 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130182143/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php}}</ref> Dengan kurangnya kesempatan memainkan pemain baru, bersamaan dengan tim U-21 yang menghadapi kualifikasi [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Eropa U-21 UEFA|Kejuaraan Eropa U-21]] 2011, Löw dan manajer tim U-21 Rainer Adrion sepakat bahwa Müller masih dibutuhkan untuk tim U-21, dan Müller dipanggil kembali ke tim U-21.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/517194/artikel_Mueller-hat-Verstaendnis-fuer-Loew.html|title=Müller hat Verständnis für Löw|work=kicker|date=17 November 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Müller memahami Löw}}</ref>\n\nDia kembali ke dalam skuat tim senior pada pertemuan berikutnya, yakni pada sesi latihan di [[Sindelfingen]] pada Januari 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/519918/artikel_Robert-Huth-ist-wieder-da.html|title=Robert Huth ist wieder da|work=kicker|language=de|date=21 Januari 2010|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|trans-title=Robert Huth kembali}}</ref> dan masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan berikutnya, yakni pertandingan persahabatan melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Argentina|Argentina]] pada bulan Maret.<ref name=\"Argentina-callup\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/521561/artikel_DFB-Team-mit-Mueller-und-Kroos.html|title=DFB-Team mit Müller und Kroos|work=kicker|accessdate=26 Februari 2010|date=26 Februari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Tim nasional Jerman dengan Müller dan Kroos}}</ref> Dia memulai debutnya dalam pertandingan ini sebagai pemain lini utama di Allianz Arena, stadion klubnya. Dia digantikan pada menit ke-66 dengan sesama debutan [[Toni Kroos]] saat Jerman kalah 1–0.<ref name=\"internationaldebut\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/fussball-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2010/1/993390/spielanalyse_deutschland_argentinien.html|title=Löw-Elf misslingt der Härtetest|date=4 Maret 2010|accessdate=3 Agustus 2011|work=kicker|language=de|trans-title=Tim Löw gagal dalam laga uji coba}}</ref>\n\n=== Piala Dunia 2010 ===\nMüller masuk ke dalam [[Skuat Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Jerman|skuat]] sementara yang berisi 27 pemain bersama tujuh pemain Bayern München lainnya.<ref name=\"wcprovisional\">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/06/germany-world-cup-squad|title=Hans-Jörg Butt called up to Germany's preliminary World Cup squad| work = The Guardian |date=6 Mei 2010|accessdate=3 Agustus 2011|language=en}}</ref> Meski merasa kesakitan saat terjatuh dari sepeda di fasilitas pelatihan tim di [[Provinsi Bolzano-Bozen|Alto Adige]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23630.php|title=Painful start for Müller, Ribéry’s role open|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=26 Mei 2010|accessdate=1 Juni 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529162518/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23630.php}}</ref> Müller hanya menderita cedera ringan dan ikut serta dalam turnamen saat skuat dikurangi menjadi 23 pemain.<ref name=\"WCsquad\">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8664938.stm|publisher=BBC|title=World Cup 2010: Germany omit Andreas Beck from squad|date=1 Juni 2010|accessdate=1 Juni 2010|language=en}}</ref> Dia diberikan nomor 13,<ref name=\"number13\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/525895/artikel_Mueller-erhaelt-Ballacks-Nummer.html|title=Müller erhält Ballacks Nummer|work=kicker|date=1 Juni 2010|accessdate=1 Juni 2010|language=de|trans-title=Müller mengambil nomor Ballack}}</ref> yang biasa dikenakan oleh [[Kapten (sepak bola)|kapten]] [[Michael Ballack]] yang sedang cedera pada saat itu,<ref name=\"number13\"/> dan yang pernah dikenakan oleh eponim Müller, [[Gerd Müller|Gerd]].<ref name=\"number13\"/> Dia memperoleh penampilan internasional kedua pada pertandingan uji coba terakhir sebelum Piala Dunia saat menjadi pemain pengganti bagi [[Piotr Trochowski]] pada pergantian babak dalam kemenangan 3–1 atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Bosnia dan Herzegovina|Bosnia dan Herzegovina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/fussball-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2010/4/995257/spielbericht_deutschland_bosnien-herzegowina.html|title=Deutschland – Bosnien-Herzegowina 3:1|language=de|work=kicker|date=3 Juni 2010|accessdate=4 Juni 2010|trans-title=Jerman 3–1 Bosnia-Herzegovina}}</ref> Dia memulai pertandingan pertama pada perhelatan Piala Dunia bagi Jerman dan mencetak gol ketiga – gol pertamanya dalam karier internasional – dalam [[Grup D Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Jerman v Australia|kemenangan 4–0]] atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Australia|Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300111116/report.html|title=Germany – Australia|publisher=FIFA|date=13 Juni 2010|accessdate=14 Juni 2010|language=en|archive-date=2011-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722150403/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300111116/report.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> sekaligus memenangkan gol terbaik bulan ini oleh pemain Jerman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportschau.de/sp/tor_des_monats/html/popup.php5?show=details&id=480&cb=chronik|title=ARD Sportschau – Tor des Monats – Tor des Monats Juni 2010|trans-title=ARD Sports show – Goal of the Month Juni 2010|publisher=ARD|date=Juni 2010|accessdate=28 Agustus 2011|language=de}}</ref> Dia bermain di semua pertandingan babak grup, hingga Jerman finis di puncak klasemen [[Grup D Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|Grup D]]; dia mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu ''assist'' dalam [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Jerman vs Inggris|kemenangan 4–1]] atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris|Inggris]] di babak 16 besar.<ref name=\"england\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061501/report.html|title=Germany – England 4:1|publisher=FIFA|date=27 Juni 2010|accessdate=27 Juni 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307144519/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249717/match%3D300061501/report.html|archivedate=7 Maret 2011|language=en}}</ref> Pada menit ketiga dari pertandingan [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Argentina vs Jerman|perempat-final]] yang berakhir kemenangan 4–0 bagi Jerman, dia membuka daftar skor dengan mencetak gol keempatnya dalam turnamen ini.<ref name=\"autogenerated1\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html|title=Argentina – Germany|publisher=FIFA|date=3 Juli 2010|accessdate=3 Juli 2010|language=en|archivedate=11 Desember 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211170402/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html}}</ref> Akan tetapi, dia diganjar kartu kuning kedua dalam turnamen di babak pertama karena [[Pelanggaran dan tindakan menyimpang (sepak bola)|''handball'']]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/wm/spielplan/weltmeisterschaft/2010/5/833353/spielschema_argentinien_deutschland.html|title=Argentina – Germany 0:4|work=kicker|date=3 Juli 2010|accessdate=3 Juli 2010|language=de|trans-title=Argentina 0–4 Jerman}}</ref> dan dilarang bermain pada [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Jerman vs Spanyol|pertandingan semi-final]] yang berakhir kekalahan dari [[Tim nasional sepak bola Spanyol|Spanyol]]. Müller berkata bahwa dia merasa jauh lebih gelisah selama pertandingan melawan Spanyol ketimbang pertandingan yang dapat dia mainkan.<ref name=\"champions1210\"/> Dia kembali ke tim untuk pertandingan [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Perebutan tempat ketiga|perebutan peringkat ketiga]] melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Uruguay|Uruguay]] dan mencetak gol pertama, atau gol kelimanya di sepanjang turnamen, sehingga Jerman menang dengan skor 3–2 sekaligus meraih medali perunggu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/report.html|title=Uruguay – Germany|publisher=FIFA|date=20 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307110107/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/report.html|archivedate=7 Maret 2011|language=en}}</ref> Kesuksesan tim merupakan puncak dari rangkaian perubahan yang dibuat setelah kegagalan tim nasional pada [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2000|Euro 2000]]. Para pemain Jerman mempertegas gaya permainan yang lebih terbuka dan berorientasi pada penyerangan yang tidak dikaitkan sebelumnya dengan Jerman, serta memasukkan pemain muda produktif, yakni Müller, [[Sami Khedira]], dan [[Mesut Özil]].<ref name=\"rafaSI\">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html|title=How Germany reinvented itself|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=2 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Agustus 2011 | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | language = en | archivedate = 5 Juli 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705120851/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html}}</ref>\n\nDengan lima gol, Müller menempati posisi [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Pencetak gol|pencetak gol terbanyak]] bersama. Dia meraih [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Penghargaan|Golden Boot]] dengan gol tersebut beserta tiga ''assist''.<ref name=\"goldenboot2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|title=Golden Boot|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=11 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317212405/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|archivedate=17 Maret 2012|language=en}}</ref> Dia juga memenangkan [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Penghargaan|Penghargaan Pemain Muda Terbaik]] setelah mengalahkan kandidat [[André Ayew]] dari [[Tim nasional sepak bola Ghana|Ghana]] dan [[Giovani dos Santos]] dari [[Tim nasional sepak bola Meksiko|Meksiko]].<ref name=\"youngplayer2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html|title= Muller claims two coveted crowns|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Desember 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229065802/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html}}</ref> Dia berhasil memenangkan kedua penghargaan sekaligus setelah masing-masing dimenangkan oleh rekan setimnya [[Miroslav Klose]] dan [[Lukas Podolski]] dari tahun [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2006|2006]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/wm/startseite/527485/artikel_Mueller_Torschuetzenkoenig-und-Bester-Junger-Spieler.html|title=Müller: Torschützenkönig und \"Bester Junger Spieler\"|language=de|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=12 Juli 2010|work=kicker|trans-title=Müller: pencetak gol terbanyak dan pemain muda terbaik}}</ref>\n\nPada Oktober 2010, dia ke dalam [[FIFA Ballon d'Or 2010|daftar kandidat]] peraih penghargaan [[FIFA Ballon d'Or]] bersama empat rekan senegaranya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html|title=Shortlists for first FIFA Ballon d’Or gala revealed|publisher=FIFA|date=26 Oktober 2010|accessdate=28 Oktober 2010|language=en|archivedate=31 Oktober 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031001056/https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html}}</ref> Mengenai kesuksesannya di Piala Dunia, Müller berkata, \"Saya sebenarnya sedang beruntung, saya bermain dengan baik pada saat yang tepat.\"<ref name=\"2010review\"/>\n\n=== Euro 2012 ===\nMüller bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam kesepuluh pertandingan [[Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|kualifikasi]] [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|Euro 2012]], saat Jerman lolos ke turnamen final dengan rekor kemenangan 100%. Müller memberikan ''assist'' untuk tujuh gol,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2010/2011| language = de |accessdate=12 Oktober 2010}}</ref> tiga di antaranya tercipta dalam pertandingan melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Austria|Austria]] pada September 2011 yang beralkir kemenangan 6–2 sekaligus mengamankan kualifikasi Jerman ke turnamen final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/9/999641/spielschema_deutschland_oesterreich.html|title=Deutschland – Österreich 6:2, EM-Qualifikation, Saison 2010/11, 9.Spieltag – Spielanalyse, Aufstellung, Torschützen und alle Infos zur Spielpaarung|trans-title=Jerman 6–2 Austria, kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa, musim 2010–2011, ''Spieltag'' 9 – Analisis pertandingan, susunan pemain, dan semua informasi dalam pertandingan|language=de|publisher=kicker|date=2 September 2011|accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref> Dia mencetak tiga gol di sepanjang kualifikasi, dua di antaranya pada kemenangan 4–0 atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] pada Maret 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/5/999631/spielbericht_deutschland_kasachstan.html|title=Deutschland – Kasachstan 4:0, EM-Qualifikation, Saison 2010/11, 5.Spieltag|work=kicker|date=26 Maret 2011|accessdate=26 Maret 2011|language=de|trans-title=Jerman 4–0 Kazakhstan, kualifikasi Euro 2012, ''Spieltag'' 5}}</ref> sementara gol ketiga pada kemenangan 3–1 atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Turki|Turki]] pada bulan Oktober.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/11/999651/spielbericht_tuerkei_deutschland.html|title=Gomez bringt Deutschlands Rekordjäger auf Kurs|trans-title=Gomez mempertahankan rekor kemenangan Jerman pada jalurnya|publisher=kicker|language=de|date= 7 Oktober 2011|accessdate=8 Oktober 2011}}</ref>\n\nMüller masuk ke dalam skuat Joachim Löw untuk [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|Euro 2012]]. Jerman tersingkir di babak semi-final setelah kalah dari [[Tim nasional sepak bola Italia|Italia]].\n\n=== Piala Dunia 2014 ===\n[[Berkas:Germany players celebrate winning the 2014 FIFA World Cup.jpg|jmpl|ka|Müller (#13) merayakan kemenangan bersama tim nasional Jerman setelah menjuarai [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]].]]\n\nMüller mencetak beberapa gol pertama pada [[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 (UEFA)|kualifikasi Piala Dunia]] pada 22 Maret 2013, yakni berupa gol pembuka dan gol terakhir dalam kemenangan tandang 3–0 atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/us/en/report/334694/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=5901 |title= Kazakhstan 0–3 Germany |publisher=ESPN FC |date=22 Maret 2013 | accessdate = 2 April 2013|language=en}}</ref> Dia juga mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 3–0 atas Austria dan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Kepulauan Faroe|Kepulauan Faroe]], memberikannya empat gol selama kualifikasi.\n\nPada 16 Juni 2014, pada laga pembuka Jerman di [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|Piala Dunia 2014]],<ref name=\"World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal\">{{cite news|last1=Starcevic|first1=Nesha|title=World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2014/06/16/world_cup_thomas_mueller_scores_hat_trick_as_germany_routs_portugal.html|accessdate=16 Juni 2014|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=16 Juni 2014|location=Salvador, Brazil|language=en}}</ref> Müller mencetak ''hat-trick'' pertama selama turnamen dan terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik dalam pertandingan yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 atas [[Tim nasional sepak bola Portugal|Portugal]].<ref name=\"Germany 4-0 Portugal\">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285106|title=Germany 4–0 Portugal|date=16 Juni 2014|accessdate=16 Juni 2014|work=BBC | first = David | last = Ornstein | language = en}}</ref> Selain itu, dia juga menjadi sasaran tandukan [[Képler Laveran Lima Ferreira|Pepe]] pada menit ke-37, yang mengakibatkan bek Portugal dikeluarkan dari lapangan.<ref name=\"World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal\"/><ref name=\"Germany 4-0 Portugal\"/> Dia membantah telah \"melebih-lebihkan\" situasi yang berujung kartu merah.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Uersfeld|first1=Stephan|title=Muller: I didn't influence Pepe red|url=http://www.espnfc.us/germany/story/1886389/germanys-thomas-muller-denies-seeking-to-get-portugal-defender-pepe-dismissed|accessdate=17 Juni 2014|publisher=ESPN FC|date=16 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref> Pada 26 Juni, Müller mencetak satu-satunya gol pada pertandingan babak grup terakhir melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Amerika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]] dan membantu Jerman menjuarai [[Grup G Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|Grup G]], serta menghalau kekhawatiran akan kolusi antara pelatih Jerman Joachim Löw dan pelatih Amerika Serikat Jürgen Klinsmann untuk bermain imbang seperti yang telah terjadi pada tahun 1982.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html | title = Mueller goal wins it but USA make history | publisher = ESPN | date = 26 Juni 2014 | accessdate = 26 Juni 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-07-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213756/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n\nPada 8 Juli, dia mencetak gol pembuka bagi Jerman pada pertandingan [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014#Semi final|semi-final]] yang berakhir [[Mineirazo|kekalahan telak bagi Brasil]] dengan skor 7–1.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Knight|first1=Ben|title=Germany demolish Brazil in surreal World Cup semifinal|url=http://www.dw.de/germany-demolish-brazil-in-surreal-world-cup-semifinal/a-17768416|accessdate=9 Juli 2014|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=8 Juli 2014|language=en}}</ref> Gol ini menjadi gol ke-2.000 tim nasional Jerman dalam sejarahnya. Müller telah mencetak masing-masing minimal lima gol dalam kedua Piala Dunia pertamanya, menjadikannya pemain ketiga yang melakukannya (setelah [[Teófilo Cubillas]] dan rekan setimnya Miroslav Klose).<ref name=\"Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened\">{{cite news|last1=Tyers|first1=Alan|title=Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10951334/Brazil-vs-Germany-World-Cup-2014-as-it-happened.html|accessdate=9 Juli 2014|publisher=The Telegraph|date=9 Juli 2014|language=en}}</ref> Dengan gol tersebut, dia telah mengimbangi [[Helmut Rahn]] dengan perolehan 10 gol di Piala Dunia.<ref name=\"Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened\"/>\n\nPada 11 Juli, Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan [[Penghargaan Piala Dunia FIFA#Bola Emas|Golden Ball]] yang diberikan kepada pemain terbaik.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011|title=World Cup 2014: Fifa announces Golden Ball shortlist|date=11 Juli 2014|accessdate=12 Juli 2014|work=BBC|language=en}}</ref> Karena telah banyak berperan bagi tim di sepanjang perhelatan Piala Dunia, Müller menerima [[Penghargaan Piala Dunia FIFA#Sepatu Emas|Silver Boot]] sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kedua dengan lima gol,<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | title = Thomas Muller receives his World Cup awards | website = FIFA.com | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | language = en | quote = Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach. | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | archive-date = 2018-06-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180601223840/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | title = Muller receives World Cup honours | website = FIFA.com | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | language = en | quote = Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. [...] With five goals and three assists, he also secured the adidas Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer at the 2014 World Cup, having previously won the Golden Boot in South Africa four years earlier. | archive-date = 2018-02-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025138/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> serta masuk ke dalam [[Penghargaan Piala Dunia FIFA#Tim All-Star|World Cup All Star XI]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html | title = adidas Golden Boot | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 16 Juli 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141231163656/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n\n=== Euro 2016 ===\nMüller tampil dalam sembilan dari sepuluh pertandingan selama perhelatan [[Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016|kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2016]], mencetak sembilan gol hingga Jerman memimpin grup kualifikasi dan lolos ke [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016|Euro 2016]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/european-championship-qualifying/story/2658450/germany-and-poland-qualify-for-euro-2016-ireland-to-playoff|title=Germany, Poland seal Euro 2016 qualification; Ireland to playoff|date=11 Oktober 2015|work=ESPN|accessdate=20 Oktober 2015|language=en}}</ref>\n\nMüller tampil sebagai pemain lini utama dalam keenam pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman selama turnamen final Euro 2016. Pada pertandingan perempat-final melawan Italia,<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\">{{cite news|last1=McNulty|first1=Phil|title=Germany 1 1 Italy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245|accessdate=2 Juli 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 Juli 2016|language=en}}</ref> Tendangan Müller menjadi tendangan pertama yang ditangkap oleh kiper lawan pada [[adu penalti]] di sepanjang turnamen.<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\"/> Ini merupakan kegagalan mencetak gol di adu penalti yang dialami Jerman untuk pertama kali setelah [[Uli Stielike]] menyia-nyiakannya pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 1982|Piala Dunia 1982]].<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\"/> Walau demikian, Jerman mengakhiri pertandingan dengan kemenangan adu penalti 6–5.<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\"/> Penampilan Müller yang buruk di sepanjang turnamen merusak peluang Jerman. Pada akhirnya, Müller mengakhiri turnamen tanpa mencetak satu gol pun di semua perhelatan kejuaraan sepak bola Eropa.\n\n=== Piala Dunia 2018 ===\nMüller terpilih dalam skuat 23 pemain Jerman oleh Joachim Löw untuk [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-announce-final-world-cup-squad-with-manuel-neuer-without-leroy-san%C3%A9/a-44064011|title=Germany announce final World Cup squad, with Manuel Neuer, without Leroy Sané|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=4 Juni 2018|language=en}}</ref> Müller bermain dalam ketiga pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman, yakni melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Meksiko|Meksiko]], [[Tim nasional sepak bola Swedia|Swedia]], dan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Korea Selatan|Korea Selatan]]. Müller bermain di lini utama pada pertandingan melawan Meksiko dan Swedia, tetapi tampil sebagai pemain pengganti saat melawan Korea Selatan. Müller tidak berhasil mencetak satu pun gol hingga Jerman tersingkir di babak grup.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/ | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 13 Juli 2018 | language = en | archive-date = 2018-11-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181104220607/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n\n'''Pengecualian dari tim nasional'''\n\nPada 5 Maret 2019, pelatih tim nasional [[Joachim Löw]] mengonfirmasi bahwa ia akan merencanakan tanpa Müller di masa mendatang, bersama dengan rekan setim klubnya [[Jérôme Boateng]] dan [[Mats Hummels]].[216]  Müller mengatakan setelah keputusan tersebut bahwa dia \"marah dan terkejut\" mengapa Löw memutuskan untuk mencoret dia dan rekan setimnya di Bayern.[217]  Namun, setelah Löw kemudian mengakui pada Maret 2021 bahwa dia sedang mempertimbangkan untuk membatalkan keputusannya dan mengizinkan pemain yang sebelumnya dilarang untuk ambil bagian dalam UEFA Euro 2020 mendatang, Müller menegaskan dia \"pasti siap\" untuk kembali ke tugas internasional, menyatakan keinginannya untuk menang, gelar lainnya bersama Jerman.[218]\n\n'''Kembali ke tim dan Euro 2020'''\n\nPada 19 Mei 2021, Müller, bersama dengan Hummels, dimasukkan ke dalam skuad 26 pemain terakhir Jerman untuk UEFA Euro 2020, mengakhiri periode lebih dari dua tahun dikeluarkan dari tim nasional.[219]  Di babak 16 besar Euro 2020, Müller melewatkan peluang satu lawan satu melawan Inggris ketika skor 1-0 untuk yang terakhir;  namun, Inggris akhirnya mengalahkan Jerman 2-0.[220]  Oleh karena itu, Müller memainkan 15 pertandingan di Kejuaraan Eropa tanpa mencetak gol apapun.\n\n== Gaya bermain ==\nPosisi Müller dapat digambarkan sebagai pemain yang bergerak di wilayah penyerangan,<ref name=\"rafaSI\"/> yaitu pemain yang mampu bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang. Karena melalui sistem tim usia muda, dia semula dimainkan sebagai [[Gelandang (sepak bola)|gelandang]],<ref name=\"champions1210\"/> tetapi sejak masuk ke dalam tim utama dia lebih sering digunakan dalam posisi penyerang. Baik Bayern München maupun tim nasional Jerman biasanya menggunakan formasi [[Formasi (sepak bola)#4-2-3-1|4–2–3–1]], dan Müller paling sering digunakan dalam posisi gelandang serang di belakang [[Penyerang (sepak bola)#Penyerang tunggal|penyerang tunggal]]. Dia dapat bermain di berbagai posisi gelandang serang, tetapi biasanya dia bermain di posisi tengah saat bermain untuk Bayern,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/548672/artikel_stimmungsschwankungen-bei-den-bayern.html|title=Stimmungsschwankungen bei den Bayern|trans-title=Perubahan suasana hati di Bayern|language=de|date=15 Februari 2011|accessdate=13 September 2011|publisher=kicker}}</ref> dan di posisi kanan saat bermain untuk Jerman.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/klose-impressed-by-new-generation-2018688.html|title=Klose impressed by new generation|date=5 Juli 2010|accessdate=7 September 2011|publisher=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}</ref> Dia pernah dimainkan sebagai ''out-and-out striker''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/16/1013374/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-st-pauli-18.html|title=Bayern München – FC St. Pauli 3:0, 1. Bundesliga, Saison 2010/11, 16.Spieltag – Spielanalyse|work=kicker|date=11 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|language=de|trans-title=Bayern München 3–0 FC St. Pauli, Bundesliga, musim 2010–2011, ''Spieltag'' 16}}</ref>\n\nMeski memiliki kekurangan dalam hal kekuatan fisik,<ref name=\"Ancelotti on Muller's role\">{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/bayern-munich/story/3040455/carlo-ancelotti-on-thomas-mullers-bayern-munich-role-im-not-stupid|title=Carlo Ancelotti on Thomas Muller's Bayern Munich role: I'm not stupid|publisher=ESPN FC|date=18 Januari 2017|accessdate=20 September 2017|language=en}}</ref> Müller telah dipuji karena kedewasaan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23893.php|title=Thomas following in Gerd’s footsteps|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=27 Juni 2010|accessdate=30 Juni 2010|language=en|archivedate=15 Juli 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715071127/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23893.php}}</ref> kecepatan, teknik,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23785.php|title=Rooney joins in chorus of praise for Müller|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=16 Juni 2010|accessdate=30 Juni 2010|language=en|archivedate=21 Juni 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621133222/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23785.php}}</ref> kesadaran, kecerdasan taktis, dan pengaturan posisi.<ref name=\"2010review\"/><ref name=\"Ancelotti on Muller's role\"/> Dia telah dikenal karena ketenangannya; manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata bahwa dia \"tahan terhadap tekanan\"<ref name=\"champions1210\"/> dan mantan pelatih Louis van Gaal berkata bahwa dia memiliki kekuatan mental yang sangat tinggi.<ref name=\"2010review\"/> Sebagai pencetak dan pencipta gol yang konsisten,<ref name=\"fussballdaten\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/|title=Thomas Müller|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=24 April 2010|language=de}}</ref> dia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai pemain yang dapat mencari celah di dalam daerah [[Bek (sepak bola)|pertahanan]] lawan tetapi tidak begitu bagus dalam hal menggiring bola ataupun duel satu-lawan-satu.<ref name=\"champions1210\"/> Müller menggambarkan posisinya sebagai ''Raumdeuter'',<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/thomas-mueller-im-gespraech-ich-bin-ein-raumdeuter-1.1043798 | title = Thomas Müller im Gespräch | language = de | publisher = Süddeutsche Zeitung | date = 9 Januari 2011 | accessdate = 4 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/james-rodriguez-lewandowski-muller-german-soccer-positions-explained-465557.jsp|title=James Rodriguez as 'Zehner'? Thomas Müller the 'Raumdeuter'? German soccer positions explained...|publisher=Bundesliga|date=12 Desember 2017|accessdate=29 Oktober 2018|language=en}}</ref> suatu istilah yang diterjemahkan sebagai \"penafsir ruang\" (bandingkan ''Traumdeuter'', \"penafsir mimpi\"). Selama Piala Dunia 2014, manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata, \"Müller adalah pemain yang sangat tidak lazim dan Anda benar-benar tidak dapat memprediksi arah berlarinya, tetapi dia memiliki satu tujuan dan itu adalah 'bagaimana saya dapat mencetak gol?'.\"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285228|title=2014 Worldcup Germany-Ghana match preview|publisher=BBC|date=21 Juni 2014|accessdate=21 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref>\n\n== Kehidupan pribadi ==\nMüller lahir di [[Weilheim in Oberbayern|Weilheim]], Oberbayern, dan dibesarkan di [[Pähl]], yang menjadi pusat perhatian media selama perhelatan Piala Dunia 2010.<ref name=\"sdz\">{{cite web|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/sport/nationalmannschaft-thomas-mueller-paehl-feiert-seinen-wm-helden-1.959572|title=Thomas Müller – Pähl feiert seinen WM-Helden|publisher=Süddeutsche Zeitung|language=de|date=15 Juli 2010|accessdate=4 Agustus 2011|trans-title=Thomas Müller – Pähl merayakan pahlawan Piala Dunia}}</ref> Ayahnya bernama Gerhard dan ibunya bernama Klaudia. Dia memiliki seorang adik, Simon, yang berjarak dua setengah tahun lebih muda.<ref name=\"sdz\" /> Dia menikahi kekasih lamanya yang bernama Lisa Trede, seorang atlet berkuda semi-profesional yang bekerja di suatu peternakan,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/thomas-muellers-ehefrau-lisa-pferde-statt-prada-1.1389655 | title = Pferde statt Prada | language = de | publisher = sueddeutsche.de | date = 22 Juni 2012 | accessdate = 15 Juli 2014 | first = Stefan | last = Galler}}</ref> pada Desember 2009 setelah bertunangan selama dua tahun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/21594.php|title=Thomas Müller unter der Haube|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=2 Desember 2009|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|language=de|trans-title=Thomas Müller menjalin hubungan|archivedate=19 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719094238/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/21594.php}}</ref> Pada Juli 2011, dia menjadi duta untuk ''YoungWings'', suatu lembaga amal yang membantu anak-anak yang mengalami kedukaan atau trauma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2011/29858.php|title=Müller takes up role as YoungWings ambassador|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=20 Juni 2011|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=en|archivedate=25 Juni 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625044833/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2011/29858.php}}</ref> Dia adalah seorang penganut [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-team/2016/11/thomas-mueller-spricht-vor-papst-besuch-ueber-religion | title = Müller: \"Religion gehört dazu\" | language = de | website = Sport1 | date = 8 November 2016 | access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>\n\n== Statistik karier ==\n=== Klub ===\n{{updated|27 Januari 2019}}\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\" Style=\"text-align: center\"\n|-\n!rowspan=\"2\"|Klub!!rowspan=\"2\"|Musim!!colspan=\"3\"|Liga!!colspan=\"2\"|Piala{{efn|group=club|Penampilan pada [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]].}}!!colspan=\"2\"|Kontinental{{efn|group=club|Penampilan pada [[Liga Champions UEFA]].}}!!colspan=\"2\"|Lainnya!!colspan=\"2\"|Total!!rowspan=\"2\"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n!Liga!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|[[FC Bayern München|Bayern München II]]||2007–2008||Regionalliga Süd||3||1||rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"6\"|—||3||1||<ref name=\"2007–2008 season\"/>\n|-\n|2008–2009||[[3. Liga]]||32||15||32||15||<ref name=\"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n!colspan=\"2\"|Total!!35!!16!!colspan=\"6\"|—!!35!!16!!—\n|-\n|rowspan=\"12\"|[[FC Bayern München|Bayern München]]||2008–2009||rowspan=\"11\"|[[Bundesliga]]||4||0||0||0||1||1||rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"2\"|—||5||1||<ref name=\"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n|2009–2010||34||13||6||4||12||2||52||19||<ref name=\"2009–2010 season\"/>\n|-\n|2010–2011||34||12||5||3||8||3||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup|Penampilan pada [[Piala Super DFL|DFL-Supercup]].}}||1||48||19||<ref name=\"2010–2011 season\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n|2011–2012||34||7||5||2||14||2||colspan=\"2\"|—||53||11||<ref name=\"2011–2012 season\"/>\n|-\n|2012–2013||28||13||5||1||13||8||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||1||47||23||<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n|2013–2014||31||13||5||8||12||5||3{{efn|group=club|Penampilan pada [[Piala Super DFL|DFL-Supercup]], [[Piala Super UEFA]], dan [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA]].}}||0||51||26||<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/><ref name=\"2013–2014 season\"/>\n|-\n|2014–2015||32||13||5||1||10||7||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||48||21||<ref name=\"2014–2015 season\"/>\n|-\n|2015–2016||31||20||5||4||12||8||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||49||32||<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/><ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/>\n|-\n|2016–2017||29||5||3||0||9||3||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||1||42||9||<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/><ref name=\"2016–2017 season\"/>\n|-\n|2017–2018||29||8||5||4||10||3||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||45||15||<ref name=\"2017 German Super Cup\"/><ref name=\"2017–2018 season\"/>\n|-\n|2018–2019||18||4||2||1||6||0||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||27||5||<ref name=\"2018 German Super Cup\"/><ref name=\"2018–2019 season\"/>\n|-\n!colspan=\"2\"|Total!!304!!108!!46!!28!!107!!42!!10!!3!!467!!181!!—\n|-\n!colspan=\"3\"|Total karier!!339!!124!!46!!28!!107!!42!!10!!3!!502!!197!!—\n|}\n\n{{notelist|group=club}}\n\n=== Tim nasional ===\n==== Statistik ====\n{{updated|19 November 2018}}<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/39317/nationalspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 8 Juni 2018}}</ref>\n\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"text-align:center\"\n|-\n!colspan=3|[[Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|Jerman]]\n|-\n!Tahun!!Tampil!!Gol\n|-\n|2010||12||5\n|-\n|2011||13||5\n|-\n|2012||13||0\n|-\n|2013||9||6\n|-\n|2014||15||10\n|-\n|2015||6||5\n|-\n|2016||15||5\n|-\n|2017||6||1\n|-\n|2018||11||1\n|-\n!Total!!100!!38\n|}\n\n==== Daftar gol ====\n:''Skor dan hasil berikut mencantumkan hitungan gol untuk Jerman lebih dulu.''<ref name=\"rsssf\">{{cite web|url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/thmueller-intlg.html|title=Thomas Müller – Goals in International Matches|publisher = RSSSF | date =  | access-date = 5 Oktober 2017 | language = en}}</ref><ref name=\"NFT\">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36374/Thomas_Mueller.html|title=Müller, Thomas|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=26 Maret 2018|language=en}}</ref>\n\n{|class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n|-\n! # !! Tanggal !! Tempat !! Lawan !! Skor !! Hasil !! Kompetisi\n|-\n| 1. || 13 Juni 2010 || [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Durban]], Afrika Selatan || {{fb|AUS}} || align=center| '''3'''–0 ||align=center| 4–0 || rowspan=5|[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n|-\n| 2. || rowspan=2 | 27 Juni 2010 || rowspan=2 | [[Free State Stadium]], [[Bloemfontein]], Afrika Selatan || rowspan=2 | {{fb|ENG}} ||align=center| '''3'''–1 || rowspan=2 align=center| 4–1\n|-\n| 3. || align=center| '''4'''–1\n|-\n| 4. || 3 Juli 2010 || [[Cape Town Stadium]], [[Cape Town]], Afrika Selatan || {{fb|ARG}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 4–0\n|-\n| 5. || 10 Juli 2010 || [[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]], [[Port Elizabeth]], Afrika Selatan || {{fb|URU}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–2\n|-\n| 6. || rowspan=2 | 26 Maret 2011 || rowspan=2 | [[Fritz-Walter-Stadion]], [[Kaiserslautern]], Jerman || rowspan=2 | {{fb|KAZ}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 4–0 || rowspan=3 | [[Grup A Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|Kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2012]]\n|-\n| 7. || align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 8. || 7 Oktober 2011 || [[Türk Telekom Arena]], [[Istanbul]], Turki || {{fb|TUR}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 ||align=center| 3–1\n|-\n| 9. || 11 November 2011 || [[Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraina || {{fb|UKR}} ||align=center| '''3'''–3 ||align=center| 3–3 || rowspan=3|[[Pertandingan persahabatan|Persahabatan]]\n|-\n| 10. || 15 November 2011 || [[Volksparkstadion]], [[Hamburg]], Jerman || {{fb|NED}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 ||align=center| 3–0\n|-\n| 11. || 6 Februari 2013 || [[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], Prancis || {{fb|FRA}} ||align=center| '''1'''–1 ||align=center| 2–1\n|-\n| 12. || rowspan=2 | 22 Maret 2013 || rowspan=2 | [[Astana Arena]], [[Astana]], Kazakhstan || rowspan=2 | {{fb|KAZ}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=2 | [[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 – Grup C Zona Eropa|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n|-\n| 13. || align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 14. || 14 Agustus 2013 || Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, Jerman || {{fb|PAR}} ||align=center| '''2'''–2 || align=center| 3–3 || Persahabatan\n|-\n| 15. || 6 September 2013 || [[Allianz Arena]], [[München]], Jerman || {{fb|AUT}} ||align=center| '''3'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=2|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014\n|-\n| 16. || 10 September 2013 || [[Tórsvøllur]], [[Tórshavn]], [[Kepulauan Faroe]] || {{fb|FAR}} || align=center| '''3'''–0 ||align=center| 3–0\n|-\n| 17. || 1 Juni 2014 || [[Borussia-Park]], [[Mönchengladbach]], Jerman || {{fb|CMR}} || align=center| '''1'''–1 ||align=center| 2–2 || Persahabatan\n|-\n| 18. || rowspan=3 | 16 Juni 2014 || rowspan=3 | [[Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova]],  [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brasil || rowspan=3 |{{fb|POR}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 4–0 || rowspan=5 | [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n|-\n| 19. || align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 20. || align=center| '''4'''–0\n|-\n| 21. || 26 Juni 2014 || [[Itaipava Arena Pernambuco]], [[Recife]], Brasil || {{fb|USA}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–0\n|-\n| 22. || 8 Juli 2014 || [[Mineirão]], [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil || {{fb|BRA}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 7–1\n|-\n| 23. || rowspan=2 | 7 September 2014 || rowspan=2 | [[Westfalenstadion]], [[Dortmund]], Jerman || rowspan=2 |{{fb|SCO}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 2–1 || rowspan=9 | [[Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016|Kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2016]]\n|-\n| 24. ||align=center| '''2'''–1\n|-\n| 25. || rowspan=2 | 14 November 2014 || rowspan=2 | [[Max-Morlock-Stadion|Stadion Nürnberg]], [[Nürnberg]], Jerman || rowspan=2 |{{fb|GIB}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 4–0\n|-\n| 26. ||align=center| '''2'''–0\n|-\n| 27. || 29 Maret 2015 || [[Stadion Boris Paichadze|Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena]], [[Tbilisi]], Georgia || {{fb|GEO}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 || align=center| 2–0\n|-\n| 28. || 4 September 2015 || [[Stadion am Bornheimer Hang]], [[Frankfurt]], Jerman || {{fb|POL}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–1\n|-\n| 29. || rowspan=2 | 7 September 2015 || rowspan=2 | [[Hampden Park]], [[Glasgow]], Skotlandia || rowspan=2 |{{fb|SCO}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 3–2\n|-\n| 30. ||align=center| '''2'''–1\n|-\n| 31. || 11 Oktober 2015 || [[Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)|Red Bull Arena]], [[Leipzig]], Jerman || {{fb|GEO}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–1\n|-\n| 32. || 4 Juni 2016 || [[Arena AufSchalke]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], Jerman || {{fb|HUN}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 || align=center| 2–0 || Persahabatan\n|-\n| 33. || rowspan=2 | 4 September 2016 || rowspan=2 | [[Ullevaal Stadion]], [[Oslo]], Norwegia || rowspan=2 |{{fb|NOR}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 3–0 || rowspan=5 | [[Grup C Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 – Zona Eropa|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n|-\n| 34. ||align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 35. || rowspan=2 | 8 Oktober 2016 || rowspan=2 | Volksparkstadion, Hamburg, Jerman || rowspan=2 |{{fb|CZE}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 3–0\n|-\n| 36. ||align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 37. || 26 Maret 2017 || [[Stadion Tofiq Bahramov|Tofiq Bahramov Republican Stadium]], [[Baku]], Azerbaijan || {{fb|AZE}} || align=center| '''2'''–1 || style=\"text-align:center;\"| 4–1\n|-\n| 38. || 23 Maret 2018 || [[Esprit Arena]], [[Düsseldorf]], Jerman || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center| '''1'''–1 || style=\"text-align:center;\"| 1–1 || Persahabatan\n|}\n\n== Prestasi ==\n; Bayern München<ref name=\"Soccerway\">{{cite web | url = https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/ | title = T. Müller | publisher = Soccerway | accessdate = 17 Agustus 2014 | language = en}}</ref>\n* [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]]: [[Bundesliga 2009–2010|2009–10]], [[Bundesliga 2012–2013|2012–13]], [[Bundesliga 2013–2014|2013–14]], [[Bundesliga 2014–2015|2014–15]], [[Bundesliga 2015–2016|2015–16]], [[Bundesliga 2016–2017|2016–17]], [[Bundesliga 2017–2018|2017–18]], [[Bundesliga 2018–2019|2018–19]], [[Bundesliga 2019–2020|2019–20]], [[Bundesliga 2020–2021|2020–21]], [[Bundesliga 2021–2022|2021–22]], [[Bundesliga 2022–2023|2022–23]]\n* [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]]: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2019–20\n* [[Piala Super DFL]]: 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022\n* [[Liga Champions UEFA]]: [[Liga Champions UEFA 2012–2013|2012–13]], [[Liga Champions UEFA 2019–2020|2019–20]]\n* [[Piala Super UEFA]]: [[Piala Super UEFA 2013|2013]], [[Piala Super UEFA 2020|2020]]\n* [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA]]: [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2013|2013]], [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA 2020|2020]]\n\n; Jerman\n* [[Piala Dunia FIFA]]: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|2014]];<ref name=\"Soccerway\"/> Peringkat ketiga: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/07/10/world.cup.uruguay.germany/index.html | title = Khedira's late winner gives Germany third place at World Cup | website = CNN | access-date = 22 September 2018 | language = en}}</ref>\n\n; Individual\n* Pencetak gol terbanyak di [[DFB-Pokal]]: 2009–2010, 2013–2014\n* FIFA World Cup 2010 Man of the Match: [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Jerman vs Inggris|vs. Inggris]], [[Babak gugur Piala Dunia FIFA 2010#Perebutan tempat ketiga|vs. Uruguay]]\n* FIFA World Cup 2014 Man of the Match: [[Babak penyisihan grup Piala Dunia FIFA 2014#Grup G|vs. Portugal]], [[Babak penyisihan grup Piala Dunia FIFA 2014#Grup G|vs. Amerika Serikat]]\n* FIFA World Cup Golden Boot: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]<ref name=\"goldenboot2010\"/>\n* FIFA World Cup Silver Boot: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|2014]]<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB/><ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2/>\n* FIFA World Cup Best Young Player: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|2010]]<ref name=\"youngplayer2010\"/>\n* [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|FIFA World Cup 2010]] Most assists (bersama [[Mesut Özil]], [[Bastian Schweinsteiger]], [[Kaká]], dan [[Dirk Kuyt]])\n*Bayerischer Sportpreis: 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportpreis.bayern.de/infos_content_preistraeger.htm|title=Alle Preisträger|language=de|publisher=Bayerischer Sportpreis|accessdate=19 Desember 2010|trans-title=Semua pemenang penghargaan|archivedate=2011-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718201658/http://www.sportpreis.bayern.de/infos_content_preistraeger.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n* Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rp-online.de/sport/fussball/nationalelf/wm/dfb/DFB-Elf-erhaelt-Silbernes-Lorbeerblatt_bid_59101.html|title=DFB-Elf erhält Silbernes Lorbeerblatt|accessdate=19 Desember 2010|language=de|publisher=Rheinische Post|archivedate=2010-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008062112/http://www.rp-online.de/sport/fussball/nationalelf/wm/dfb/DFB-Elf-erhaelt-Silbernes-Lorbeerblatt_bid_59101.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.t-online.de/sport/fussball/id_71733490/gauck-zeichnet-nationalmannschaft-mit-dem-silbernen-lorbeerblatt-aus.html|title=Gauck zeichnet vorbildliche Weltmeister aus| date = 10 November 2014|language=de|publisher = T-Online | accessdate = 29 November 2014}}</ref>\n* World Soccer Young Player of the Year: 2010<ref name=\"WS2010\">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/news/xavi-voted-world-soccer-player-of-the-year|title=Xavi voted World Soccer Player of the Year|publisher=[[World Soccer]]|date=16 Desember 2010|accessdate=17 Desember 2010|language=en|archive-date=2014-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113092647/http://www.worldsoccer.com/news/xavi-voted-world-soccer-player-of-the-year|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n* [[Penghargaan Bravo|Bravo Award]]: 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/bravo-awards.html|title=The Bravo Award|publisher=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=13 Februari 2010|language=en}}</ref>\n* [[FIFA Ballon d'Or]]: [[FIFA Ballon d'Or 2010|2010 (peringkat ke-15)]], [[FIFA Ballon d'Or 2011|2011 (peringkat ke-13)]], [[FIFA Ballon d'Or 2013|2013 (peringkat ke-17)]], 2014 (peringkat ke-5),<ref>{{cite web | title = FIFA Ballon d'Or 2014 – voting results | url = http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/general/02/50/58/59/fboaward_rankingpresslist2014_neutral.pdf | work = FIFA.com | format = PDF | date = 12 Januari 2015 | accessdate = 12 Januari 2015 | language = en | archive-date = 2015-01-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150112225935/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/general/02/50/58/59/fboaward_rankingpresslist2014_neutral.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> 2015 (peringkat ke-6)<ref>{{cite web | title = FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015 – voting results | url = http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/playeroftheyear-men/02/75/50/67/fboaward_rankingpresslist2015_neutral.pdf | work = FIFA.com | format = PDF | date = 12 Januari 2015 | accessdate = 12 Januari 2015 | language = en | archive-date = 2017-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170628214150/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/ballon-dor/playeroftheyear-men/02/75/50/67/fboaward_rankingpresslist2015_neutral.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n* ESM Team of the Year: 2012–2013<ref name=\"kicker.de_2013\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/startseite/543774/artikel_European-Sports-Magazines-Top-11.html | title = ESM-Top-11: Nur Torres und Ivanovic durchbrechen Bundesliga-Phalanx | language = de | publisher = kicker.de | date = 12 Juni 2013 | accessdate = 17 Agustus 2014}}</ref>\n* UEFA Best Player in Europe Award: 2013 (peringkat ke-6), 2014 (peringkat ke-4), 2016 (peringkat ke-10)\n* UEFA Champions League Team of the Group Stage: [[Liga Champions UEFA 2015–2016|2015]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2317348.html#champions+league+team+group+stage|title= Champions League team of the group stage|publisher=UEFA|date=15 Desember 2015|language=en}}</ref>\n* FIFA World Cup Silver Ball: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|2014]]<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB/><ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2/>\n* FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|2014]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics/castrol-index/top11.html | title = Castrol Index Top 11 | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 17 Agustus 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-12-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141219115801/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics/castrol-index/top11.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n* FIFA World Cup Dream Team: [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|2014]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/games/dream-team/index.html | title = The Dream Team | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 17 Agustus 2014 | language = en | archivedate = 2014-08-17 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140817115603/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/games/dream-team/index.html | dead-url = no }}</ref>\n* [[FIFPro|FIFPro World XI]] 3rd team: 2014, 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-world-xi-the-reserve-teams/en/ |title=FIFA FIFPro World XI: the reserve teams – FIFPro World Players' Union |publisher=FIFPro |date=15 Januari 2015 |access-date=1 Oktober 2017 |language=en |archive-date=2019-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414193942/https://fifpro.org/news/fifa-fifpro-world-xi-the-reserve-teams/en/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/2015-world-xi-the-reserve-teams-2/en/ |title=2015 World XI: the Reserve Teams – FIFPro World Players' Union |publisher=FIFPro |date=11 Januari 2016 |access-date=1 Oktober 2017 |language=en |archive-date=2019-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409090125/https://fifpro.org/news/2015-world-xi-the-reserve-teams-2/en/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n* [[FIFPro|FIFPro World XI]] 5th team: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifpro.org/news/2016-world-11-the-reserve-teams/en/ |title=2016 World 11: the reserve teams – FIFPro World Players' Union |publisher=FIFPro |date=9 Januari 2017 |access-date=1 Oktober 2017 |language=en |archive-date=2019-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409090134/https://fifpro.org/news/2016-world-11-the-reserve-teams/en/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n* Pemberi ''assist'' terbanyak di [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]]: 2015–2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/german-dfb-pokal/2061/statistics/assists?season=2015 |title= German DFB Pokal Statistics – ESPN FC |publisher=ESPN FC |access-date=12 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref>\n* Partisipasi dalam edisi [[Piala Dunia FIFA]] terbanyak dengan sekurang-kurangnya lima gol (2010–2014); rekor bersama [[Teófilo Cubillas]] (1970, 1978) & [[Miroslav Klose]] (2002–2006)\n* Pemberi ''assist'' terbanyak di [[Bundesliga]]: 2017–2018<ref name=Bundesliga1718/>\n* [[Bundesliga]] Team of the Season: 2017–2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/fifa-18-ultimate-team-of-the-season-james-rodriguez-reus-lewandowski-pulisic-479371.jsp|title=CONFIRMED 2017/18 Bundesliga FIFA 18 Team of the Season|publisher=Bundesliga|accessdate=5 Juni 2018|language=en}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commons category}}\n*{{de}} {{en}} {{zh}} {{Official website|http://www.esmuellert.de}} \n*{{de}} [https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler Profil di tim nasional Jerman]\n*{{fussballdaten}}\n*{{Soccerway}}\n*{{NFT player}}\n*{{FIFA player}}\n*{{UEFA player}}\n*{{ESPN Soccernet}}\n\n{{lifetime|1989||Müller, Thomas}}\n{{Navboxes berwarna\n|title= Prestasi dan penghargaan\n|bg= gold\n|list1=\n{{Pencetak gol terbanyak Piala Dunia FIFA}}\n{{Pemain muda terbaik Piala Dunia FIFA}}\n{{Tim terbaik Piala Dunia 2014}}\n{{Pemenang Penghargaan Bravo}}\n}}\n{{Navboxes colour\n|title= Skuat tim nasional\n|bg= white\n|fg= black\n|bordercolor=black\n|list1=\n{{Skuat PD2010 Jerman}}\n{{Skuat Piala Eropa 2012 Jerman}}\n{{Skuat PD2014 Jerman}}\n{{Skuat Piala Eropa 2016 Jerman}}\n{{Skuat PD2018 Jerman}}\n{{Skuat Piala Eropa 2020 Jerman}}\n}}\n{{Skuat Bayern Munich}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Jerman]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain FC Bayern München]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2020]]","hash":"8930f76a139eebc91d6857b26053754c3e893594901ee3a0ac2d1e8b824b7816","last_revision":"2024-05-01T10:42:57Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:29:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.162545","cross_lingual_links":{"als":"Thomas Müller","an":"Thomas Müller","ar":"توماس مولر","arz":"توماس مولر (لاعب كورة قدم)","ast":"Thomas Müller","az":"Tomas Müller","azb":"توماس مولر","ban":"Thomas Müller","bar":"Thomas Müller","be":"Томас Мюлер","be-x-old":"Томас Мюлер","bg":"Томас Мюлер","bn":"থমাস মুলার","br":"Thomas Müller","bs":"Thomas Müller (nogometaš)","ca":"Thomas Müller","ckb":"تۆماس میولەر","cs":"Thomas Müller (fotbalista)","cy":"Thomas Müller","da":"Thomas Müller","de":"Thomas Müller","el":"Τόμας Μύλερ","en":"Thomas Müller","eo":"Thomas Müller","es":"Thomas Müller","et":"Thomas Müller","eu":"Thomas Müller","fa":"توماس مولر","fi":"Thomas Müller (jalkapalloilija)","fr":"Thomas Müller (football)","ga":"Thomas Müller","gl":"Thomas Müller","ha":"Thomas Müller","he":"תומאס מילר","hr":"Thomas Müller","hu":"Thomas Müller (labdarúgó)","hy":"Թոմաս Մյուլեր","ie":"Thomas Müller (football)","is":"Thomas Müller","it":"Thomas Müller (calciatore)","ja":"トーマス・ミュラー","jv":"Thomas Müller","ka":"თომას მიულერი","kk":"Томас Мюллер","ko":"토마스 뮐러","ku":"Thomas Müller","lt":"Thomas Müller","lv":"Tomass Millers","mai":"थोमस मुलर","mg":"Thomas Müller","mk":"Томас Милер","mn":"Томас Мюллер","mr":"थोमास म्युलर","ms":"Thomas Müller","mzn":"توماس مولر","ne":"थोमस मुलर","nl":"Thomas Müller (voetballer)","nn":"Thomas Müller","nb":"Thomas Müller (fotballspiller)","pa":"ਥੋਮਸ ਮੂਲਰ","pl":"Thomas Müller (piłkarz)","pt":"Thomas Müller","qu":"Thomas Müller","ro":"Thomas Müller","ru":"Мюллер, Томас","sco":"Thomas Müller","sh":"Thomas Müller","simple":"Thomas Müller","sk":"Thomas Müller (futbalista)","sl":"Thomas Müller","sq":"Thomas Müller","sr":"Томас Милер","sv":"Thomas Müller","sw":"Thomas Müller","szl":"Thomas Müller","ta":"தோமா முல்லர்","th":"โทมัส มึลเลอร์","tr":"Thomas Müller","tt":"Tomas Müller","uk":"Томас Мюллер","uz":"Thomas Müller","vi":"Thomas Müller","vo":"Thomas Müller (futaglöpädan)","war":"Thomas Müller","wuu":"托马斯·穆勒","zh":"托马斯·穆勒","zh-yue":"湯馬士·梅拿"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Thomas Müller () () adalah pemain sepak bola asal Jerman yang bermain dan menjadi wakil kapten untuk Bayern München dan tim nasional Jerman. Sebagai pemain yang bisa ditempatkan dimana saja, Müller bermain sebagai gelandang atau penyerang, dan telah bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang – gelandang serang, penyerang bayangan, penyerang tengah, serta pemain sayap. Dia dipuji karena pengaturan posisi, kerja tim dan stamina, tingkat produktivitas, serta konsistensi dalam mencetak dan menciptakan asis.\n\nSebagai lulusan akademi usia muda, dia memulai musim pertamanya secara penuh pada musim 2009–2010 setelah Louis van Gaal ditunjuk sebagai pelatih utama; dia bermain di hampir seluruh pertandingan hingga klub memenangkan gelar double di Bundesliga dan DFB-Pokal, serta mencapai Final Liga Champions UEFA 2010. Müller mencetak 23 gol pada musim 2012–2013 saat Bayern memenangkan treble historis; gelar di Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, dan Liga Champions.\n\nMüller masuk ke dalam tim nasional Jerman pada tahun 2006. Pada Piala Dunia 2010 dia mencetak lima gol dalam enam pertandingan saat Jerman meraih peringkat ketiga. Dia menjadi Pemain Muda Terbaik dalam turnamen dan memenangkan Golden Boot sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak, dengan lima gol dan tiga assist. Pada Piala Dunia 2014 dia berperan penting dalam membantu tim memenangkan trofi, mencetak lima gol dan menerima Silver Ball sebagai pemain terbaik kedua setelah Lionel Messi dan Silver Boot sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kedua, serta masuk ke dalam World Cup All Star XI dan 2014 FIFA World Cup Dream Team.\n\nPada tahun 2014, Müller menempati peringkat kelima dalam daftar pemain sepak bola terbaik di dunia menurut The Guardian.\n\nLahir di Weilheim, Müller bermain sebagai pemain tim usia muda untuk TSV Pähl, dan pada umur 10 tahun dia melakukan perjalanan sejauh untuk bergabung ke dalam tim Bayern München pada tahun 2000. Dia berkembang melalui sistem tim usia muda dan menjadi bagian dari tim yang memperoleh runner-up di Bundesliga U-19 pada tahun 2007. Dia memulai debut di tim cadangan pada Maret 2008 saat dia menggantikan Stephan Fürstner dalam pertandingan Regionalliga melawan SpVgg Unterhaching. Pada pertandingan tersebut dia mencetak gol. Dia bermain dalam dua pertandingan Regionalliga lainnya pada musim 2007–2008, saat tetap bermain untuk tim U-19. Pada musim berikutnya, tim kedua Bayern lolos ke 3. Liga yang baru dibentuk, dan Müller menjadikan dirinya sebagai pemain kunci – bermain dalam 32 dari 38 pertandingan dan mencetak 15 gol, menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kelima dalam liga tersebut. Dia juga terlibat dalam tim utama di bawah pelatih saat itu Jürgen Klinsmann; saat dia tampil dalam pertandingan persahabatan pra-musim, dan memulai debut penuhnya pada 15 Agustus 2008, saat dia menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Miroslav Klose pada sepuluh menit terakhir dari pertandingan Bundesliga melawan Hamburger SV. Meski Müller merasa bahwa penampilannya tidak berlangsung baik, dia kembali tampil dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga pada musim tersebut dan memulai debut di Liga Champions pada 10 Maret 2009 saat menjadi pemain yang menggantikan Bastian Schweinsteiger pada menit ke-72 dalam kemenangan 7–1 atas Sporting CP. Dia mencetak gol terakhir saat mereka menang dengan skor agregat 12–1.\n\nPada Februari 2009, Müller menandatangani kontrak pertamanya untuk tim senior dengan kesepakatan selama dua tahun efektif dari musim 2009–2010 bersama dengan rekannya Holger Badstuber.\n\nMüller pernah hampir dipinjamkan atau bahkan ditransfer untuk mencari pengalaman dalam bermain sepak bola di tim utama, tetapi saat Louis van Gaal ditunjuk sebagai manajer, Müller dan Badstuber menjadi pemain tetap dalam tim utama Bayern sejak awal musim. Dalam beberapa pertandingan pertama, Müller merupakan pemain pengganti tetap, dan pada 12 September 2009, dia dimainkan dalam pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund dan mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–1. Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak dua gol lainnya dalam kemenangan 3–0 pada pertandingan Liga Champions atas Maccabi Haifa. Dia menjadi Bundesliga Player of the Month untuk bulan September dan memperoleh pujian dari Gerd Müller, mantan penyerang legendaris Bayern dan Jerman dengan nama marga yang sama. Setelah pertandingan melawan Haifa, Müller dimasukkan ke dalam lini utama di hampir setiap pertandingan, dan hanya melewatkan satu pertandingan, yakni pertandingan Liga Champions melawan Bordeaux, yang pada saat itu dia terkena akumulasi kartu, karena dia dikeluarkan dalam pertandingan awal melawan tim yang sama.\n\nPada Februari 2010, Müller menandatangani kontrak bersama Bayern München hingga tahun 2013. Selama paruh kedua musim, Müller kembali masuk ke dalam lini utama tetap, dan biasanya bermain di posisi penyerang tengah karena ketersediaan pemain sayap yang diisi oleh Franck Ribéry dan Arjen Robben. Pada April 2010, dia mencetak gol kedua dalam kemenangan 2–1 atas rival Schalke 04, dan dalam pertandingan pamungkas liga pada musim yang sama, dia mencetak hat-trick pertama dalam kariernya, dalam kemenangan 3–1 atas VfL Bochum sekaligus mengamankan gelar juara Jerman bagi Bayern. Gelar tersebut dipastikan sepekan kemudian melalui kemenangan 3–1 atas Hertha BSC. Pada pertandingan tersebut Müller bermain sebagai pemain lini utama.\n\nDi sepanjang musim, dia bermain dalam ke-34 pertandingan Bundesliga, bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam 29 pertandingan, serta menorehkan 13 gol dan 11 assist. Bayern and Müller kembali ke Berlin pada pekan berikutnya, untuk menghadapi Werder Bremen dalam pertandingan final DFB-Pokal. Müller bermain di lini utama dan Bayern memenangkan pertandingan 4–0 sekaligus melengkapi gelar double dalam kompetisi domestik. Müller mencetak empat gol dan memberikan dua assist selama kompetisi, yang menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak sepanjang musim ini. Musim ini diakhiri dengan perburuan treble pertama, melalui pertandingan Final Liga Champions 2010 melawan Inter Milan di Stadion Santiago Bernabéu di Madrid. Sayangnya, hal tersebut tidak terwujud setelah kalah 2–0 berkat kedua gol dari Diego Milito. Müller masuk ke dalam lini utama dan memperoleh peluang kunci setelah babak pertama, saat tertinggal 1–0, tetapi tendangannya diselamatkan oleh Júlio César. Müller merasa sangat kecewa karena kekalahan ini, tetapi dia mengakhiri musim pertamanya sebagai pemain tim utama dengan 52 pertandingan dan 19 gol di semua kompetisi.\n\nDalam suatu jajak pendapat yang dibuat oleh majalah olahraga kicker, dia dipilih oleh rekan sesama pemain profesional sebagai pendatang baru terbaik untuk musim 2009–2010 dan masuk ke dalam daftar pemain tim pilihan Bundesliga musim ini. Müller berterima kasih kepada Van Gaal karena telah menjadi bagian dari kesuksesan awalnya – pelatih yang datang dengan reputasinya karena mempromosikan pemain dari tim usia muda, terutama di Ajax, dan konsisten memberi Müller kesempatan bermain dalam tim utama, seperti yang dikatakan Van Gaal, \"Müller spielt bei mir immer\" (\"bersama saya, Müller akan selalu bermain\"). Sebagai balasannya, Müller menyebut Van Gaal sebagai \"teknisi jenius\" yang membuat para pemainnya \"berkembang setiap saat.\"\n\nMüller kembali dari rehat pasca-Piala Dunia untuk kembali menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak, kali ini dia bertahan di Bayern hingga tahun 2015. Bersama semua pemain Bayern yang berpartisipasi di Piala Dunia, dia melewatkan banyak pertandingan pra-musim, dan pertandingan pertama yang dia ikuti adalah pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan Schalke 04 pada tanggal 7 Agustus. Dia masuk ke dalam lini utama, dan mencetak gol pembuka dalam kemenangan 2–0. Dua pekan kemudian dia mencetak gol pembuka musim untuk Bayern dalam kemenangan kandang 2–1 atas VfL Wolfsburg. Müller bermain di setiap pertandingan di paruh awal musim dan biasanya bermain sebagai pemain lini utama, tetapi saat tim berjuang untuk memeroleh hasil yang terbaik, Müller tidak mampu mencapai perolehan gol pada musim sebelumnya, dicadangkan, dan bahkan menerima cacian dari Louis van Gaal setelah kehilangan peluang mudah dalam kekalahan 2–0 dari 1. FC Kaiserslautern pada bulan Agustus. Namun, dia tetap filosofis mengenai keadaannya, dan setelah delapan pertandingan liga tanpa gol, dia mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Eintracht Frankfurt pada 27 November; Dia melanjutkannya dengan mencetak gol dalam pertandingan Bundesliga dan DFB-Pokal melawan VfB Stuttgart tiga pekan kemudian. Gol tersebut menambah jumlah gol yang dicetaknya menjadi delapan gol di semua kompetisi, termasuk gol spektakuler yang memulai penambahan skor pada kemenangan dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan A.S. Roma pada 15 September.\n\nSaat tim sedang menikmati jeda musim dingin, Müller merenungkan hal yang dia bayangkan sebagai \"tahun pertama yang hampir luar biasa sebagai seorang pemain profesional.\" Müller memulai paruh kedua musim dengan baik, tetapi terlibat pertengkaran dengan rekan setim Arjen Robben, yang kesal saat Müller memperlihatkan ketidakpuasannya pada tendangan bebas yang dimanfaatkan Robben dengan buruk saat pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan 3–1 atas Werder Bremen. Müller kembali bermain di setiap pertandingan di sepanjang musim dan mencetak 19 gol (12 di antaranya pada liga domestik), tetapi musim ini berakhir dengan kurang sukses bagi Bayern, yang mengakhiri musim di posisi ketiga, tersingkir di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal oleh Schalke 04, serta dalam pertandingan babak 16 besar Liga Champions UEFA melawan Inter Milan; Bayern menang 1–0 di San Siro, dan Müller mencetak gol di leg kedua untuk memperlebar skor agregat 3–1, tetapi Inter mengimbangkan skor menjadi 3–3 pada menit ke-88 sehingga lolos berkat peraturan gol tandang. Louis van Gaal semakin dikritik karena kekakuannya dalam kebijakan taktis, transfer, dan pemilihan pemain; sehingga dia kehilangan pekerjaannya dan digantikan oleh Jupp Heynckes.\n\nPada pertandingan pertama di DFB-Pokal Müller terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik setelah dua tendangan penalti dikonversi menjadi gol oleh Mario Gómez dan Bastian Schweinsteiger, Müller kemudian menambahkan gol ketiga di babak pamungkas untuk mengamankan kemenangan 3–0 atas Eintracht Braunschweig. Perlu lima pertandingan bagi Müller untuk mencetak gol pertama di Bundesliga musim ini; ke gawang Schalke 04 dalam kemenangan 2–0 bagi Bayern. Müller kemudian mencetak gol dalam pertandingan kandang berikutnya sepanjang babak pertama pertandingan, yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0. Pada 26 November 2011, Müller mencetak gol pembuka di paruh awal pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan Bayern 6–0 atas FC Ingolstadt, memberikannya gol kedua dalam DFB-Pokal. Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan FIFA Ballon d'Or tahun ini.\n\nPada 10 dan 15 Januari 2012, dalam pertandingan persahabatan yang dilakoni oleh Bayern, Müller mencetak tiga gol dalam dua pertandingan, dua di antaranya dalam pertandingan melawan tim nasional India (yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 bagi Bayern) dan satu gol dalam kemenangan berikutnya dengan skor 4–0 atas Rot-Weiß Erfurt. Müller memberikan dua assist dalam kemenangan Bayern atas VfB Stuttgart dalam DFB-Pokal. Pada 11 Februari, Bayern menghadapi 1. FC Kaiserslautern dan Müller mengakhiri masa tanpa gol yang berlangsung sejak 24 September 2011 melalui sundulan kepala dalam kemenangan 2–0. Pada 31 Maret, Müller memainkan pertandingan keseratusnya di Bundesliga saat menghadapi 1. FC Nürnberg. Pada 19 Mei, Müller mencetak gol pembuka dalam pertandingan final Liga Champions melawan Chelsea melalui sundulan kuat. Dia digantikan beberapa saat setelahnya. Akan tetapi, Bayern München kalah dalam pertandingan final melalui adu penalti. Müller menyatakan ketidakpuasannya atas waktu yang terbuang saat duduk di bangku cadangan. Müller berkata bahwa meski dia tidak puas dia ingin bertahan di Bayern. Di sepanjang musim, Müller mencetak tujuh gol dalam 34 pertandingan liga, dua gol dalam lima pertandingan Piala Jerman, dan dua gol dalam 14 pertandingan Liga Champions.\n\nGol pertama yang dicetak oleh Müller dalam Bundesliga musim ini terjadi saat menghadapi juara 2. Bundesliga musim lalu SpVgg Greuther Fürth yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0 untuk Bayern pada 27 Agustus 2012. Pada 2 September, dia mencetak dua gol saat mengalahkan VfB Stuttgart dengan skor akhir 6–1 di hadapan 71.000 penonton di Allianz Arena yang baru saja diperluas. Müller membantu Bayern memecahkan rekor di awal musim, saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf pada tanggal 20 Oktober dalam kemenangan 5–0, menorehkan delapan kemenangan beruntun bagi Bayern. Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak gol pertama di Liga Champions musim ini dari titik penalti saat Bayern mengalahkan Lille 1–0 di Grand Stade Lille Métropole yang baru saja dibangun.\n\nPada 13 Desember, setelah menjalani paruh awal musim Bundesliga dengan baik, Müller menjanjikan kesetiaannya dengan menyatakan bahwa dia merasa München bagaikan tempat tinggalnya dan bahwa, \"Tidak ada klub yang berkembang jika Anda meninggalkan FC Bayern... hampir tidak ada klub yang lebih baik.\" Enam hari kemudian, dia menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak dua tahun, yang membuatnya bertahan di Allianz Arena hingga 2017. Pada jeda musim dingin Bundesliga, dia telah mencetak sembilan gol dan memberikan tujuh assist dalam 16 penampilan di liga dan tiga gol tambahan di Liga Champions; hal ini memberikannya total 13 gol pada sepanjang paruh awal musim, termasuk gol yang dia ciptakan saat melawan Borussia Dortmund dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang berakhir kemenangan bagi Bayern. Müller kembali mencetak gol setelah jeda musim dingin saat menghadapi VfB Stuttgart dengan kemenangan tandang 2–0. Müller mencetak gol kelimanya di Liga Champions pada 2 April 2013, melengkapi kekalahan Juventus di leg pertama dengan skor 2–0 sekaligus mengakhiri rekor tak terkalahkan oleh klub Italia setelah 18 pertandingan di Eropa. Pada 23 April, Müller mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu assist dalam kemenangan 4–0 atas Barcelona pada pertandingan semi-final Liga Champions di Allianz Arena. Pada pertandingan selanjutnya, Müller mencetak gol melalui sundulan kepala saat Bayern menang dengan skor 3–0 dan memberikan kekalahan terbesar bagi Barcelona di Liga Champions dengan skor agregat 7–0. Müller kemudian memainkan peran penting dalam kemenangan Bayern 2–1 atas Borussia Dortmund pada pertandingan final. Pada 1 Juni, Müller mencetak gol melalui tendangan penalti pada pertandingan final DFB-Pokal 2012–2013. Bayern memenangkan DFB-Pokal dengan skor akhir 3–2 sekaligus melengkapi treble historis. Müller mencetak 23 gol di sepanjang musim (termasuk semua kompetisi), 13 di antaranya pada pertandingan Bundesliga, satu gol pada DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol impresif di Liga Champions, dia juga menambahkan satu pada pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang memberi kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern. Musim ini menjadi musim dengan gol terbanyak yang dicetak oleh Müller pada saat itu.\n\nMüller memulai musim 2013–2014 dengan mencetak beberapa gol dalam tujuh dari 12 pertandingan pra-musim yang dilakoni oleh Bayern. Pertandingan kompetitif pertamanya adalah pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund di DFL-Supercup. Pada 5 Agustus 2013, Müller mencetak hat-trick saat Bayern menang 5–0 dalam pertandingan babak pertama DFB-Pokal 2013–2014 melawan Schwarz-Weiß Rehden. Pada pertandingan pembuka musim Bundesliga 2013–2014, Müller menyia-nyiakan tendangan penalti untuk pertama kali. Beberapa saat kemudian, penyelamatan bola dari tendangan penalti mengibaskan tangan Álvaro Domínguez yang mengakibatkan tendangan penalti berikutnya yang berhasil dimanfaatkan David Alaba. Setelah pertandingan, Müller berkata, \"Saya masih senang melakukan tendangan penalti, tetapi saya pikir David Alaba adalah pemain terbaik dalam memanfaatkan tendangan titik untuk saat ini.\" Dia bermain dalam UEFA Super Cup. Pada 25 September saat menghadapi Hannover 96 di babak kedua DFB-Pokal, Müller menambahkan dua gol ke dalam jumlah gol yang dicetaknya hanya dalam dua pertandingan. Pada 28 September, Müller mencetak satu-satunya gol dalam kemenangan 1–0 atas VfL Wolfsburg, memberikannya gol pertama pada musim Bundesliga 2013–2014. Müller mencetak gol pertamanya di Liga Champions UEFA 2013–2014 dan Bayern mengalahkan Manchester City 3–1 di City of Manchester Stadium pada 2 Oktober. Dia bermain dalam suatu pertandingan di Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA.\n\nPada 17 Mei 2014, Müller mencetak gol kedua bagi Bayern dalam pertandingan Final DFB-Pokal 2014 melawan Borussia Dortmund dengan skor akhir 2–0 setelah perpanjangan waktu, memberikan die Roten gelar double kesepuluh di liga dan piala domestik dalam sejarah klub. Müller menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak dalam turnamen dengan delapan gol dalam lima penampilan. Dia menuntaskan musim dengan mencetak 13 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, delapan gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan lima gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions.\n\nSetelah musim 2013–2014, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2019 dan menolak tawaran kontrak dari Manchester United. Müller bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2014, yang merupakan pertandingan pertama bagi Bayern pada musim 2014–2015. Akan tetapi, Bayern kalah dengan skor 2–0. Gol pertamanya untuk musim ini adalah gol yang dihasilkan pada pertandingan melawan Preußen Münster dalam DFB-Pokal pada tanggal 17 Agustus 2014. Kemudian di laga pembuka Bundesliga, pada 22 Agustus, Müller mencetak gol pembuka Bundesliga musim ini saat menghadapi VfL Wolfsburg. Bayern memenangkan pertandingan dengan skor 2–1.\n\nPada 11 Maret 2015, Müller mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Shakhtar Donetsk dengan kemenangan 7–0 sekaligus mengimbangi mantan rekan setim Mario Gómez sebagai pemain Jerman yang mencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Champions UEFA. Dia kemudian memimpin perolehan gol sebagai pemain Jerman saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 6–1 atas Porto pada 21 April. Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan 13 gol dalam 32 pertandingan liga, satu gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan tujuh gol dalam sepuluh pertandingan Liga Champions.\n\nMüller memulai musim ini dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan VfL Wolfsburg. Dia memulai musim liga dengan mencetak dua gol ke gawang Hamburger SV, satu gol ke gawang 1899 Hoffenheim, dua gol ke gawang Bayer Leverkusen, dan satu gol ke gawang FC Augsburg dalam empat matchday pertama. Dia mencetak gol dari titik penalti saat melawan Bayer Leverkusen dan Augsburg. Akan tetapi, dia gagal mencetak gol dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga berikutnya yang dilakoninya. Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti menjadi gol saat menghadapi Mainz 05 di matchday tujuh. Gol berikutnya di Bundesliga tercipta saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Borussia Dortmund di matchday delapan. Salah satu golnya diciptakan dari titik penalti. Kemampuannya mencetak gol berlanjut di kompetisi yang lain. Dia mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Wolfsburg di babak kedua DFB-Pokal; dan di Liga Champions, dua gol melawan Olympiacos, dua gol ke gawang Arsenal, dan satu gol pada leg kedua melawan Olympiacos. Saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan kandang melawan Olympiacos, Müller menjadi pemain termuda yang memenangkan 50 pertandingan Liga Champions UEFA, memecahkan rekor Lionel Messi setelah bertahan selama 14 bulan.\n\nPada 9 Desember 2015, Müller menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Franck Ribéry pada menit ke-46 dalam kemenangan 2–0 atas Dinamo Zagreb. Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti pada pertandingan tersebut dan mengakhiri babak grup dengan lima gol dalam enam penampilan. Pada 18 Desember, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru bersama Bayern, yang mempertahankannya dalam klub hingga 2021. Pada 19 Desember, Bayern mengalahkan Hannover 96 dengan skor 1–0 berkat gol dari titik penalti oleh Müller. Bayern memulai jeda musim dingin setelah pertandingan. Müller mengakhiri paruh awal musim liga dengan 14 gol dari 17 penampilan, termasuk lima gol dari titik penalti dalam enam peluang. Dia telah mencetak 21 gol dalam 25 penampilan di semua kompetisi hingga jeda musim dingin.\n\nPada 12 Maret 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–0 atas Werder Bremen. Empat hari kemudian, saat Bayern tertinggal 1–2 di leg kedua dari babak 16 besar Liga Champions, dia mencetak gol penyeimbang pada menit ke-91 sebelum Bayern memenangkan pertandingan melalui perpanjangan waktu dengan skor akhir 4–2 (agregat 6–4).\n\nPada 19 April 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol saat Bayern mengalahkan Werder Bremen di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal dengan skor 2–0. Gol pertamanya dalam pertandingan ini merupakan gol ke-150 yang dia persembahkan bagi klub di semua kompetisi.\n\nPada 3 Mei, tendangan penalti Müller diselamatkan oleh Jan Oblak dalam leg kedua semi-final Liga Champions saat menjamu Atlético Madrid. Pertandingan berakhir dengan kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern tetapi tersingkir karena peraturan gol tandang.\n\nDia mengakhiri musim dengan mencetak 20 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, empat gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions. Namun, dia tidak mencetak gol dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup.\n\nMüller memulai musim dengan mencetak gol dan memenangkan pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2016 melawan Borussia Dortmund pada 14 Agustus 2016. Pada pertandingan liga, Müller tidak mencetak gol selama 999 menit hingga dia berhasil mencetak gol selama pertandingan kandang melawan VfL Wolfsburg pada menit ke-76. Dia mengakhiri musim 2016–2017 dengan mencetak lima gol dalam 29 penampilannya di Bundesliga, tidak ada gol dalam tiga penampilan di DFB-Pokal, dan tiga gol dalam sembilan penampilan di Liga Champions. Müller menambah rekor dalam kariernya dengan 12 assist di Bundesliga.\n\nBeberapa pakar sepak bola Jerman seperti Lothar Matthäus menyalahkan manajer Carlo Ancelotti karena perjuangan Müller di depan gawang. Ancelotti lebih sering menggunakan Thiago Alcântara sebagai pemain di belakang penyerang, posisi utama Müller. Müller sering dicadangkan pada beberapa pertandingan penting di Eropa dan Bundesliga.\n\nMüller memulai musim 2017–2018 dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2017. Dia bermain selama 67 pertama sebelum digantikan oleh Kingsley Coman. Gol pertamanya pada musim ini dicetak pada pertandingan melawan Mainz di matchday empat dari Bundesliga. Pada 21 Januari 2018, dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Werder Bremen pada pertandingan Bundesliga. Pada 20 Februari, Müller mencetak dua gol ke gawang Beşiktaş di Liga Champions.\n\nMüller memimpin Bundesliga dengan 14 assist. Dia juga mencetak 8 gol dalam 29 pertandingan.\n\nMüller memulai musim 2018–2019 dengan bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2018. Dia digantikan oleh Leon Goretzka pada menit ke-64. Müller mencetak gol dalam dua pertandingan pertama Bundesliga musim ini. Dia mencetak gol dalam pertandingan babak kedua DFB-Pokal melawan SV Rödinghausen. Dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf dalam pertandingan Bundesliga pada 24 November 2018. Pada 12 Desember, Müller bermain dalam pertandingan Liga Champions yang ke-105 dalam kariernya, yakni dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan Ajax, sekaligus mengimbangi legenda klub Philipp Lahm sebagai pemegang rekor penampilan terbanyak di Liga Champions bersama Bayern. Pada pertandingan yang sama, Müller dikeluarkan dari lapangan untuk pertama kalinya setelah diganjar kartu merah langsung. Akibat dari pelanggaran tersebut, dia mendapat hukuman berupa larangan bermain selama dua pertandingan di Liga Champions. Pada 15 Desember, Müller membuat penampilannya yang ke-300 di Bundesliga untuk Bayern dalam pertandingan melawan Hannover 96.\n\nPada 2 November 2019, Müller membuat penampilan kompetitifnya yang ke-500 untuk Bayern, menjadi pemain Bayern ke-10 yang mencapai angka ini sejak promosi klub ke Bundesliga pada tahun 1965. Bulan berikutnya, ia menjadi pemain pertama yang mencatatkan 11 assist di paruh pertama musim Bundesliga, mencapai rekor baru dalam kemenangan 2-0 timnya atas Wolfsburg. Pada 7 April 2020, Müller menetapkan perpanjangan kontrak yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2023. Dia mencatatkan assist ke-20 musim Bundesliga dalam pertandingan tandang melawan Bayer 04 Leverkusen pada matchday 30, memecahkan rekor assist terbanyak dalam satu musim, yang sebelumnya dipegang oleh Kevin De Bruyne dan Emil Forsberg. Dia memberikan assist lain dalam pertandingan tandang melawan Wolfsburg pada Matchday 34, untuk menyelesaikan musim dengan rekor 21 assist.\n\nPada 14 Agustus, Müller mencetak dua gol dan memberikan assist dalam pertandingan perempat final Liga Champions UEFA 2019–2020 melawan FC Barcelona, ​​yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 8–2. Kemudian, Bayern menang 1-0 atas Paris Saint-Germain F.C. di final, yang menandai gelar Liga Champions keenam klub dan gelar Liga Champions kedua Müller. Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan mencetak 8 gol dalam 33 pertandingan liga, dua gol dalam enam pertandingan Piala Jerman, dan 4 gol dalam 10 pertandingan Liga Champions.\n\nPada 18 September 2020, Müller mencetak gol pertamanya musim ini, dan memberikan satu assist, dalam kemenangan 8-0 atas FC Schalke 04. Dia kemudian berhasil memenangkan Piala Super UEFA dan Piala Super DFL menjadi trofi ke-27 dalam karir klubnya; karenanya, ia menjadi pemain paling berprestasi dalam sejarah Jerman, memecahkan rekor sebelumnya yaitu 26 trofi yang dimenangkan oleh mantan rekan setimnya di Bayern Bastian Schweinsteiger. Pada 11 Februari 2021, dia dinyatakan positif COVID-19 dan menjalani karantina; karenanya, tidak dapat bermain di Final Piala Dunia Klub FIFA 2020. Namun, Bayern memenangkan final 1-0 melawan tim Meksiko Tigres de la UANL.\n\nMüller memenangkan gelar Bundesliga kesembilan berturut-turut saat Bayern menyelesaikan liga di tempat pertama dengan 78 poin, unggul 13 poin dari posisi kedua Borussia Dortmund. Itu adalah gelar Bundesliga ke-10 Müller. Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan mencetak 15 gol dalam 46 pertandingan di semua Kompetisi.\n\nPada 17 Agustus 2021, Müller mencetak gol pertamanya musim ini, dan memberikan satu assist, dalam kemenangan tandang 3-1 melawan Borussia Dortmund di DFL-Supercup 2021. Pada 19 November, Müller tampil ke-600 untuk Bayern dalam kekalahan 2-1 dari FC Augsburg, menjadi penampil keempat secara keseluruhan di belakang Sepp Maier, Gerd Müller dan Oliver Kahn. Pada 8 Desember, Müller mencetak gol ke-50 di Liga Champions UEFA melawan Barcelona dalam kemenangan 3-0, menjadi pemain ke-8 dalam sejarah kompetisi yang melakukannya. Müller memainkan pertandingannya yang ke-400 di Bundesliga pada 17 Desember, mencetak satu gol dan memberikan assist dalam kemenangan 4-0 atas Wolfsburg.\n\nPada tanggal 23 April, setelah menang 3-1 melawan Dortmund di Der Klassiker, Bayern memenangkan gelar Bundesliga ke-10 berturut-turut, dalam prosesnya, menjadikan Müller pemain dengan gelar Bundesliga terbanyak dalam sejarah dengan 11. Pada tanggal 3 Mei, Müller memperpanjang masa jabatannya. kontrak dengan Bayern, mempertahankannya di klub hingga akhir musim 2023–2024.\n\nMüller mewakili Jerman di berbagai tingkatan usia muda, dimulai dengan U-16 pada 2004. Pada Agustus 2009, dia dipanggil ke dalam tim U-21 untuk memulai debutnya pada pertandingan persahabatan yang berakhir kekalahan 3–1 dari Turki. Dia memperoleh enam penampilan untuk tim U-21 dan mencetak satu gol, yakni gol kedelapan dalam pertandingan dengan kemenangan akbar 11–0 atas San Marino.\n\nPada bulan Oktober pada tahun yang sama, penampilan tetap Müller untuk tim utama Bayern menyebabkan manajer tim nasional Jerman Joachim Löw mempertimbangkan pemanggilannya, meski mendapat penolakan awal dari pengurus Bayern München; pada bulan berikutnya, Müller masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan melawan Pantai Gading. Akan tetapi, pertandingan ini beriringan dengan wafatnya kiper tim nasional Robert Enke, yang menyebabkan pembatalan pertandingan melawan Chili di pekan yang sama. Dengan kurangnya kesempatan memainkan pemain baru, bersamaan dengan tim U-21 yang menghadapi kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa U-21 2011, Löw dan manajer tim U-21 Rainer Adrion sepakat bahwa Müller masih dibutuhkan untuk tim U-21, dan Müller dipanggil kembali ke tim U-21.\n\nDia kembali ke dalam skuat tim senior pada pertemuan berikutnya, yakni pada sesi latihan di Sindelfingen pada Januari 2010, dan masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan berikutnya, yakni pertandingan persahabatan melawan Argentina pada bulan Maret. Dia memulai debutnya dalam pertandingan ini sebagai pemain lini utama di Allianz Arena, stadion klubnya. Dia digantikan pada menit ke-66 dengan sesama debutan Toni Kroos saat Jerman kalah 1–0.\n\nMüller masuk ke dalam skuat sementara yang berisi 27 pemain bersama tujuh pemain Bayern München lainnya. Meski merasa kesakitan saat terjatuh dari sepeda di fasilitas pelatihan tim di Alto Adige, Müller hanya menderita cedera ringan dan ikut serta dalam turnamen saat skuat dikurangi menjadi 23 pemain. Dia diberikan nomor 13, yang biasa dikenakan oleh kapten Michael Ballack yang sedang cedera pada saat itu, dan yang pernah dikenakan oleh eponim Müller, Gerd. Dia memperoleh penampilan internasional kedua pada pertandingan uji coba terakhir sebelum Piala Dunia saat menjadi pemain pengganti bagi Piotr Trochowski pada pergantian babak dalam kemenangan 3–1 atas Bosnia dan Herzegovina. Dia memulai pertandingan pertama pada perhelatan Piala Dunia bagi Jerman dan mencetak gol ketiga – gol pertamanya dalam karier internasional – dalam kemenangan 4–0 atas Australia, sekaligus memenangkan gol terbaik bulan ini oleh pemain Jerman. Dia bermain di semua pertandingan babak grup, hingga Jerman finis di puncak klasemen Grup D; dia mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu assist dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Inggris di babak 16 besar. Pada menit ketiga dari pertandingan perempat-final yang berakhir kemenangan 4–0 bagi Jerman, dia membuka daftar skor dengan mencetak gol keempatnya dalam turnamen ini. Akan tetapi, dia diganjar kartu kuning kedua dalam turnamen di babak pertama karena handball dan dilarang bermain pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan dari Spanyol. Müller berkata bahwa dia merasa jauh lebih gelisah selama pertandingan melawan Spanyol ketimbang pertandingan yang dapat dia mainkan. Dia kembali ke tim untuk pertandingan perebutan peringkat ketiga melawan Uruguay dan mencetak gol pertama, atau gol kelimanya di sepanjang turnamen, sehingga Jerman menang dengan skor 3–2 sekaligus meraih medali perunggu. Kesuksesan tim merupakan puncak dari rangkaian perubahan yang dibuat setelah kegagalan tim nasional pada Euro 2000. Para pemain Jerman mempertegas gaya permainan yang lebih terbuka dan berorientasi pada penyerangan yang tidak dikaitkan sebelumnya dengan Jerman, serta memasukkan pemain muda produktif, yakni Müller, Sami Khedira, dan Mesut Özil.\n\nDengan lima gol, Müller menempati posisi pencetak gol terbanyak bersama. Dia meraih Golden Boot dengan gol tersebut beserta tiga assist. Dia juga memenangkan Penghargaan Pemain Muda Terbaik setelah mengalahkan kandidat André Ayew dari Ghana dan Giovani dos Santos dari Meksiko. Dia berhasil memenangkan kedua penghargaan sekaligus setelah masing-masing dimenangkan oleh rekan setimnya Miroslav Klose dan Lukas Podolski dari tahun 2006.\n\nPada Oktober 2010, dia ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan FIFA Ballon d'Or bersama empat rekan senegaranya. Mengenai kesuksesannya di Piala Dunia, Müller berkata, \"Saya sebenarnya sedang beruntung, saya bermain dengan baik pada saat yang tepat.\"\n\nMüller bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam kesepuluh pertandingan kualifikasi Euro 2012, saat Jerman lolos ke turnamen final dengan rekor kemenangan 100%. Müller memberikan assist untuk tujuh gol, tiga di antaranya tercipta dalam pertandingan melawan Austria pada September 2011 yang beralkir kemenangan 6–2 sekaligus mengamankan kualifikasi Jerman ke turnamen final. Dia mencetak tiga gol di sepanjang kualifikasi, dua di antaranya pada kemenangan 4–0 atas Kazakhstan pada Maret 2011, sementara gol ketiga pada kemenangan 3–1 atas Turki pada bulan Oktober.\n\nMüller masuk ke dalam skuat Joachim Löw untuk Euro 2012. Jerman tersingkir di babak semi-final setelah kalah dari Italia.\n\nMüller mencetak beberapa gol pertama pada kualifikasi Piala Dunia pada 22 Maret 2013, yakni berupa gol pembuka dan gol terakhir dalam kemenangan tandang 3–0 atas Kazakhstan. Dia juga mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 3–0 atas Austria dan Kepulauan Faroe, memberikannya empat gol selama kualifikasi.\n\nPada 16 Juni 2014, pada laga pembuka Jerman di Piala Dunia 2014, Müller mencetak hat-trick pertama selama turnamen dan terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik dalam pertandingan yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 atas Portugal. Selain itu, dia juga menjadi sasaran tandukan Pepe pada menit ke-37, yang mengakibatkan bek Portugal dikeluarkan dari lapangan. Dia membantah telah \"melebih-lebihkan\" situasi yang berujung kartu merah. Pada 26 Juni, Müller mencetak satu-satunya gol pada pertandingan babak grup terakhir melawan Amerika Serikat dan membantu Jerman menjuarai Grup G, serta menghalau kekhawatiran akan kolusi antara pelatih Jerman Joachim Löw dan pelatih Amerika Serikat Jürgen Klinsmann untuk bermain imbang seperti yang telah terjadi pada tahun 1982.\n\nPada 8 Juli, dia mencetak gol pembuka bagi Jerman pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan telak bagi Brasil dengan skor 7–1. Gol ini menjadi gol ke-2.000 tim nasional Jerman dalam sejarahnya. Müller telah mencetak masing-masing minimal lima gol dalam kedua Piala Dunia pertamanya, menjadikannya pemain ketiga yang melakukannya (setelah Teófilo Cubillas dan rekan setimnya Miroslav Klose). Dengan gol tersebut, dia telah mengimbangi Helmut Rahn dengan perolehan 10 gol di Piala Dunia.\n\nPada 11 Juli, Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan Golden Ball yang diberikan kepada pemain terbaik. Karena telah banyak berperan bagi tim di sepanjang perhelatan Piala Dunia, Müller menerima Silver Boot sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kedua dengan lima gol, serta masuk ke dalam World Cup All Star XI.\n\nMüller tampil dalam sembilan dari sepuluh pertandingan selama perhelatan kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2016, mencetak sembilan gol hingga Jerman memimpin grup kualifikasi dan lolos ke Euro 2016.\n\nMüller tampil sebagai pemain lini utama dalam keenam pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman selama turnamen final Euro 2016. Pada pertandingan perempat-final melawan Italia, Tendangan Müller menjadi tendangan pertama yang ditangkap oleh kiper lawan pada adu penalti di sepanjang turnamen. Ini merupakan kegagalan mencetak gol di adu penalti yang dialami Jerman untuk pertama kali setelah Uli Stielike menyia-nyiakannya pada Piala Dunia 1982. Walau demikian, Jerman mengakhiri pertandingan dengan kemenangan adu penalti 6–5. Penampilan Müller yang buruk di sepanjang turnamen merusak peluang Jerman. Pada akhirnya, Müller mengakhiri turnamen tanpa mencetak satu gol pun di semua perhelatan kejuaraan sepak bola Eropa.\n\nMüller terpilih dalam skuat 23 pemain Jerman oleh Joachim Löw untuk Piala Dunia FIFA 2018. Müller bermain dalam ketiga pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman, yakni melawan Meksiko, Swedia, dan Korea Selatan. Müller bermain di lini utama pada pertandingan melawan Meksiko dan Swedia, tetapi tampil sebagai pemain pengganti saat melawan Korea Selatan. Müller tidak berhasil mencetak satu pun gol hingga Jerman tersingkir di babak grup.\n\nPengecualian dari tim nasional\n\nPada 5 Maret 2019, pelatih tim nasional Joachim Löw mengonfirmasi bahwa ia akan merencanakan tanpa Müller di masa mendatang, bersama dengan rekan setim klubnya Jérôme Boateng dan Mats Hummels.[216] Müller mengatakan setelah keputusan tersebut bahwa dia \"marah dan terkejut\" mengapa Löw memutuskan untuk mencoret dia dan rekan setimnya di Bayern.[217] Namun, setelah Löw kemudian mengakui pada Maret 2021 bahwa dia sedang mempertimbangkan untuk membatalkan keputusannya dan mengizinkan pemain yang sebelumnya dilarang untuk ambil bagian dalam UEFA Euro 2020 mendatang, Müller menegaskan dia \"pasti siap\" untuk kembali ke tugas internasional, menyatakan keinginannya untuk menang, gelar lainnya bersama Jerman.[218]\n\nKembali ke tim dan Euro 2020\n\nPada 19 Mei 2021, Müller, bersama dengan Hummels, dimasukkan ke dalam skuad 26 pemain terakhir Jerman untuk UEFA Euro 2020, mengakhiri periode lebih dari dua tahun dikeluarkan dari tim nasional.[219] Di babak 16 besar Euro 2020, Müller melewatkan peluang satu lawan satu melawan Inggris ketika skor 1-0 untuk yang terakhir; namun, Inggris akhirnya mengalahkan Jerman 2-0.[220] Oleh karena itu, Müller memainkan 15 pertandingan di Kejuaraan Eropa tanpa mencetak gol apapun.\n\nPosisi Müller dapat digambarkan sebagai pemain yang bergerak di wilayah penyerangan, yaitu pemain yang mampu bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang. Karena melalui sistem tim usia muda, dia semula dimainkan sebagai gelandang, tetapi sejak masuk ke dalam tim utama dia lebih sering digunakan dalam posisi penyerang. Baik Bayern München maupun tim nasional Jerman biasanya menggunakan formasi 4–2–3–1, dan Müller paling sering digunakan dalam posisi gelandang serang di belakang penyerang tunggal. Dia dapat bermain di berbagai posisi gelandang serang, tetapi biasanya dia bermain di posisi tengah saat bermain untuk Bayern, dan di posisi kanan saat bermain untuk Jerman. Dia pernah dimainkan sebagai out-and-out striker.\n\nMeski memiliki kekurangan dalam hal kekuatan fisik, Müller telah dipuji karena kedewasaan, kecepatan, teknik, kesadaran, kecerdasan taktis, dan pengaturan posisi. Dia telah dikenal karena ketenangannya; manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata bahwa dia \"tahan terhadap tekanan\" dan mantan pelatih Louis van Gaal berkata bahwa dia memiliki kekuatan mental yang sangat tinggi. Sebagai pencetak dan pencipta gol yang konsisten, dia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai pemain yang dapat mencari celah di dalam daerah pertahanan lawan tetapi tidak begitu bagus dalam hal menggiring bola ataupun duel satu-lawan-satu. Müller menggambarkan posisinya sebagai Raumdeuter, suatu istilah yang diterjemahkan sebagai \"penafsir ruang\" (bandingkan Traumdeuter, \"penafsir mimpi\"). Selama Piala Dunia 2014, manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata, \"Müller adalah pemain yang sangat tidak lazim dan Anda benar-benar tidak dapat memprediksi arah berlarinya, tetapi dia memiliki satu tujuan dan itu adalah 'bagaimana saya dapat mencetak gol?'.\"\n\nMüller lahir di Weilheim, Oberbayern, dan dibesarkan di Pähl, yang menjadi pusat perhatian media selama perhelatan Piala Dunia 2010. Ayahnya bernama Gerhard dan ibunya bernama Klaudia. Dia memiliki seorang adik, Simon, yang berjarak dua setengah tahun lebih muda. Dia menikahi kekasih lamanya yang bernama Lisa Trede, seorang atlet berkuda semi-profesional yang bekerja di suatu peternakan, pada Desember 2009 setelah bertunangan selama dua tahun. Pada Juli 2011, dia menjadi duta untuk YoungWings, suatu lembaga amal yang membantu anak-anak yang mengalami kedukaan atau trauma. Dia adalah seorang penganut Katolik Roma.\n\nSkor dan hasil berikut mencantumkan hitungan gol untuk Jerman lebih dulu.\n\nBayern München Bundesliga: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 DFB-Pokal: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2019–20 Piala Super DFL: 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 Liga Champions UEFA: 2012–13, 2019–20 Piala Super UEFA: 2013, 2020 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA: 2013, 2020\n\nJerman Piala Dunia FIFA: 2014; Peringkat ketiga: 2010\n\nIndividual Pencetak gol terbanyak di DFB-Pokal: 2009–2010, 2013–2014 FIFA World Cup 2010 Man of the Match: vs. Inggris, vs. Uruguay FIFA World Cup 2014 Man of the Match: vs. Portugal, vs. Amerika Serikat FIFA World Cup Golden Boot: 2010 FIFA World Cup Silver Boot: 2014 FIFA World Cup Best Young Player: 2010 FIFA World Cup 2010 Most assists (bersama Mesut Özil, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Kaká, dan Dirk Kuyt) Bayerischer Sportpreis: 2010 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2010, 2014 World Soccer Young Player of the Year: 2010 Bravo Award: 2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or: 2010 (peringkat ke-15), 2011 (peringkat ke-13), 2013 (peringkat ke-17), 2014 (peringkat ke-5), 2015 (peringkat ke-6) ESM Team of the Year: 2012–2013 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award: 2013 (peringkat ke-6), 2014 (peringkat ke-4), 2016 (peringkat ke-10) UEFA Champions League Team of the Group Stage: 2015 FIFA World Cup Silver Ball: 2014 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2014 FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2014 FIFPro World XI 3rd team: 2014, 2015 FIFPro World XI 5th team: 2016 Pemberi assist terbanyak di DFB-Pokal: 2015–2016 Partisipasi dalam edisi Piala Dunia FIFA terbanyak dengan sekurang-kurangnya lima gol (2010–2014); rekor bersama Teófilo Cubillas (1970, 1978) & Miroslav Klose (2002–2006) Pemberi assist terbanyak di Bundesliga: 2017–2018 Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2017–2018\n\nProfil di tim nasional Jerman\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Jerman Kategori:Pemain FC Bayern München Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2020\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|name=Thomas Müller\n|image=Thomas Müller 2022 (cropped).jpg\n|caption=Müller bersama [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] pada 2022\n|fullname=Thomas Müller<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of Players: Germany |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611000407/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=11 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA |page=12}}</ref>\n|birth_date={{birth date and age|1989|9|13|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas Müller: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller |access-date=27 June 2020 |work=ESPN}}</ref>\n|birth_place=[[Weilheim in Oberbayern]], Jerman Barat\n|height=1.85 cm<ref name=\"FCBprofile\">{{Cite web |title=Thomas Müller |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/teams/professionals/thomas-mueller |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=FC Bayern Munich}}</ref>\n|position=[[Gelandang serang]], [[Penyerang (sepak bola)#Penyerang tengah|penyerang tengah]]\n|currentclub=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]\n|clubnumber=25\n|youthyears1=1993–2000\n|youthclubs1=TSV Pähl\n|youthyears2=2000–2005\n|youthclubs2=[[FC Bayern Munich Junior Team|Bayern Munich]]\n|years1=2006-2007\n|clubs1=[[FC Bayern Munich II|Bayern Munich II]]\n|caps1=35\n|goals1=16\n|years2=2008–\n|clubs2=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]\n|caps2=423<!--DOMESTIC LEAGUE APPS ONLY -->|goals2=139<!--DOMESTIC LEAGUE GOALS ONLY -->\n|nationalyears1=2004–2005\n|nationalteam1=[[Germany national youth football team|Jerman U16]]\n|nationalcaps1=6\n|nationalgoals1=0\n|nationalyears2=2007\n|nationalteam2=[[Germany national youth football team|Jerman U19]]\n|nationalcaps2=3\n|nationalgoals2=0\n|nationalyears3=2008\n|nationalteam3=[[Germany national youth football team|Jerman U20]]\n|nationalcaps3=1\n|nationalgoals3=1\n|nationalyears4=2009\n|nationalteam4=[[Germany national under-21 football team|Jerman U21]]\n|nationalcaps4=6\n|nationalgoals4=1\n|nationalyears5=2010–<!--Do not add the end year until the player OFFICIALLY announces their national team retirement-->\n|nationalteam5=[[Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|Jerman]]\n|nationalcaps5=120\n|nationalgoals5=44\n|club-update=20:19, 30 September 2022 (UTC)\n|nationalteam-update=20:55, 27 November 2022 (UTC)\n|medaltemplates={{MedalSport|[[Sepakbola]]}}\n{{MedalCountry|{{fb|GER}}}}\n{{MedalCompetition|[[Piala Dunia FIFA]]}}\n{{Medal|W|[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014|Brasil 2014]]|}}\n{{Medal|3rd|[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010|Afrika Selatan 2010]]|}}\n{{MedalCompetition|[[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA]]}}\n{{Medal|3rd|[[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|Polandia & Ukraina 2012]]|}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Thomas Müller () () adalah pemain sepak bola asal Jerman yang bermain dan menjadi wakil kapten untuk Bayern München dan tim nasional Jerman.","translated_text":"Thomas Müller () is a German footballer who plays for and is vice-captain of Bayern Munich and the Germany national team.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=profi />","char_index":140,"name":"profi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>","char_index":140,"name":"DFB","url":"https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":259331,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:48.341407-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai pemain yang bisa ditempatkan dimana saja, Müller bermain sebagai gelandang atau penyerang, dan telah bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang – gelandang serang, penyerang bayangan, penyerang tengah, serta pemain sayap.","translated_text":"As a player who can be deployed anywhere, Müller plays as a midfielder or forward, and has played in a variety of attacking positions  ⁇  attacking midfielder, shadow forward, midfielder, and winger.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia dipuji karena pengaturan posisi, kerja tim dan stamina, tingkat produktivitas, serta konsistensi dalam mencetak dan menciptakan asis.","translated_text":"He was praised for positioning, teamwork and stamina, productivity levels, and consistency in scoring and creating acids.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":"DFB","url":"https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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gelar di Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, dan Liga Champions.","translated_text":"Müller scored 23 goals in the 2012-2013 season as Bayern won the historic treble; titles in the Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, and Champions League.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Müller masuk ke dalam tim nasional Jerman pada tahun 2006.","translated_text":"Müller joined the German national team in 2006.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada Piala Dunia 2010 dia mencetak lima gol dalam enam pertandingan saat Jerman meraih peringkat ketiga.","translated_text":"At the 2010 World Cup he scored five goals in six games as Germany finished third.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia menjadi Pemain Muda Terbaik dalam turnamen dan memenangkan Golden Boot sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak, dengan lima gol dan tiga assist.","translated_text":"He became the tournament's Young Player of the Year and won the Golden Boot as the top scorer, with five goals and three assists.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada Piala Dunia 2014 dia berperan penting dalam membantu tim memenangkan trofi, mencetak lima gol dan menerima Silver Ball sebagai pemain terbaik kedua setelah Lionel Messi dan Silver Boot sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kedua, serta masuk ke dalam World Cup All Star XI dan 2014 FIFA World Cup Dream Team.","translated_text":"At the 2014 World Cup he was instrumental in helping the team win the trophy, scoring five goals and receiving the Silver Ball as the second best player after Lionel Messi and the Silver Boot as the second highest scorer, as well as being included in the World Cup All Star XI and the 2014 FIFA World Cup Dream Team.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2014, Müller menempati peringkat kelima dalam daftar pemain sepak bola terbaik di dunia menurut The Guardian.","translated_text":"In 2014, Müller was ranked fifth in the list of the best footballers in the world according to The Guardian.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2014/dec/21/the-top-100-footballers-2014-interactive|title=The top 100 footballers 2014 – interactive|date=21 Desember 2014|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date = 18 Oktober 2015 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2014/dec/21/the-top-100-footballers-2014-interactive","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia mencatatkan assist ke-20 musim Bundesliga dalam pertandingan tandang melawan Bayer 04 Leverkusen pada matchday 30, memecahkan rekor assist terbanyak dalam satu musim, yang sebelumnya dipegang oleh Kevin De Bruyne dan Emil Forsberg.","translated_text":"He recorded his 20th Bundesliga season assist in an away game against Bayer 04 Leverkusen on matchday 30, breaking the record for most assists in a season, previously held by Kevin De Bruyne and Emil Forsberg.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia memberikan assist lain dalam pertandingan tandang melawan Wolfsburg pada Matchday 34, untuk menyelesaikan musim dengan rekor 21 assist.","translated_text":"He gave another assist in the away game against Wolfsburg on Matchday 34, to finish the season with a record 21 assists.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 14 Agustus, 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 8 Desember, Müller mencetak gol ke-50 di Liga Champions UEFA melawan Barcelona dalam kemenangan 3-0, menjadi pemain ke-8 dalam sejarah kompetisi yang melakukannya.","translated_text":"On 8 December, Müller scored his 50th UEFA Champions League goal against Barcelona in a 3-0 win, becoming the eighth player in the competition's history to do so.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Müller memainkan pertandingannya yang ke-400 di Bundesliga pada 17 Desember, mencetak satu gol dan memberikan assist dalam kemenangan 4-0 atas Wolfsburg.","translated_text":"Müller played his 400th Bundesliga match on 17 December, scoring one goal and providing an assist in a 4-0 win over Wolfsburg.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tanggal 23 April, setelah menang 3-1 melawan Dortmund di Der Klassiker, Bayern memenangkan gelar Bundesliga 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","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\">{{cite news|last1=McNulty|first1=Phil|title=Germany 1 1 Italy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245|accessdate=2 Juli 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 Juli 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":152,"name":"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320574,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.974161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83154296875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walau demikian, Jerman mengakhiri pertandingan dengan kemenangan adu penalti 6–5.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, Germany ended the match with a penalty shootout victory of 6 ⁇ 5.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 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kejuaraan sepak bola Eropa.","translated_text":"In the end, Müller ended the tournament without scoring a single goal in all European football championship rounds.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Piala Dunia 2018","translated_text":"The 2018 World Cup","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Müller terpilih dalam skuat 23 pemain Jerman oleh Joachim Löw untuk Piala Dunia FIFA 2018.","translated_text":"Müller was selected in the German 23-man squad by Joachim Löw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-announce-final-world-cup-squad-with-manuel-neuer-without-leroy-san%C3%A9/a-44064011|title=Germany announce final World Cup squad, with Manuel Neuer, without Leroy Sané|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=4 Juni 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in March 2021 that he was considering overturning his decision and allowing a previously banned player to take part in the upcoming UEFA Euro 2020, Müller insisted he was \"definitely ready\" to return to international duty, expressing his desire to win, another title with Germany.[218]","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kembali ke tim dan Euro 2020","translated_text":"Back to the team and Euro 2020","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 19 Mei 2021, Müller, bersama dengan Hummels, dimasukkan ke dalam skuad 26 pemain terakhir Jerman untuk UEFA Euro 2020, mengakhiri periode lebih dari dua tahun dikeluarkan dari tim nasional.[219] Di babak 16 besar Euro 2020, Müller melewatkan peluang satu lawan satu melawan Inggris ketika skor 1-0 untuk yang terakhir; namun, Inggris akhirnya mengalahkan Jerman 2-0.[220]","translated_text":"On 19 May 2021, Müller, together with Hummels, was included in Germany's 26-man final squad for UEFA Euro 2020, ending a period of more than two years of exclusion from the national team.[219] In the round of 16 of Euro 2020, Müller missed out on a one-on-one opportunity against England when the score was 1-0 for the latter; however, England eventually beat Germany 2-0.[220]","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, Müller memainkan 15 pertandingan di Kejuaraan Eropa tanpa mencetak gol apapun.","translated_text":"Therefore, Müller played 15 matches in the European Championship without scoring any goals.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gaya bermain","translated_text":"Playing style","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Posisi Müller dapat digambarkan sebagai pemain yang bergerak di wilayah penyerangan, yaitu pemain yang mampu bermain dalam 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single striker.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia dapat bermain di berbagai posisi gelandang serang, tetapi biasanya dia bermain di posisi tengah saat bermain untuk Bayern, dan di posisi kanan saat bermain untuk Jerman.","translated_text":"He can play in a variety of attacking midfielder positions, but usually he plays in the centre position when playing for Bayern, and in the right position when playing for Germany.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/548672/artikel_stimmungsschwankungen-bei-den-bayern.html|title=Stimmungsschwankungen bei den Bayern|trans-title=Perubahan suasana hati di Bayern|language=de|date=15 Februari 2011|accessdate=13 September 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:45.032606-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2011/29858.php|title=Müller takes up role as YoungWings ambassador|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=20 Juni 2011|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=en|archivedate=25 Juni 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625044833/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2011/29858.php}}</ref>","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110625044833/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2011/29858.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:45.228787-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia adalah seorang penganut Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"He was a Roman Catholic.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-team/2016/11/thomas-mueller-spricht-vor-papst-besuch-ueber-religion | title = Müller: \"Religion gehört dazu\" | language = de | website = Sport1 | date = 8 November 2016 | access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>","char_index":41,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-team/2016/11/thomas-mueller-spricht-vor-papst-besuch-ueber-religion","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":390956,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:45.304104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93115234375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik karier","translated_text":"Career statistics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Klub","translated_text":"The club","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" Style=\"text-align: center\"\n|-\n!rowspan=\"2\"|Klub!!rowspan=\"2\"|Musim!!colspan=\"3\"|Liga!!colspan=\"2\"|Piala{{efn|group=club|Penampilan pada [[Piala DFB|DFB-Pokal]].}}!!colspan=\"2\"|Kontinental{{efn|group=club|Penampilan pada [[Liga Champions UEFA]].}}!!colspan=\"2\"|Lainnya!!colspan=\"2\"|Total!!rowspan=\"2\"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n!Liga!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol!!Main!!Gol\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|[[FC Bayern München|Bayern München II]]||2007–2008||Regionalliga Süd||3||1||rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"6\"|—||3||1||<ref name=\"2007–2008 season\"/>\n|-\n|2008–2009||[[3. Liga]]||32||15||32||15||<ref name=\"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n!colspan=\"2\"|Total!!35!!16!!colspan=\"6\"|—!!35!!16!!—\n|-\n|rowspan=\"12\"|[[FC Bayern München|Bayern München]]||2008–2009||rowspan=\"11\"|[[Bundesliga]]||4||0||0||0||1||1||rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"2\"|—||5||1||<ref name=\"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n|2009–2010||34||13||6||4||12||2||52||19||<ref name=\"2009–2010 season\"/>\n|-\n|2010–2011||34||12||5||3||8||3||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup|Penampilan pada [[Piala Super DFL|DFL-Supercup]].}}||1||48||19||<ref name=\"2010–2011 season\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n|2011–2012||34||7||5||2||14||2||colspan=\"2\"|—||53||11||<ref name=\"2011–2012 season\"/>\n|-\n|2012–2013||28||13||5||1||13||8||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||1||47||23||<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\"/><ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/>\n|-\n|2013–2014||31||13||5||8||12||5||3{{efn|group=club|Penampilan pada [[Piala Super DFL|DFL-Supercup]], [[Piala Super UEFA]], dan [[Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA]].}}||0||51||26||<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/><ref name=\"2013–2014 season\"/>\n|-\n|2014–2015||32||13||5||1||10||7||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||48||21||<ref name=\"2014–2015 season\"/>\n|-\n|2015–2016||31||20||5||4||12||8||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||49||32||<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/><ref name=\"2015–2016 season\"/>\n|-\n|2016–2017||29||5||3||0||9||3||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||1||42||9||<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\"/><ref name=\"2016–2017 season\"/>\n|-\n|2017–2018||29||8||5||4||10||3||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||45||15||<ref name=\"2017 German Super Cup\"/><ref name=\"2017–2018 season\"/>\n|-\n|2018–2019||18||4||2||1||6||0||1{{efn|group=club|name=DFL-Supercup}}||0||27||5||<ref name=\"2018 German Super Cup\"/><ref name=\"2018–2019 season\"/>\n|-\n!colspan=\"2\"|Total!!304!!108!!46!!28!!107!!42!!10!!3!!467!!181!!—\n|-\n!colspan=\"3\"|Total karier!!339!!124!!46!!28!!107!!42!!10!!3!!502!!197!!—\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Tim nasional","translated_text":"National team","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik","translated_text":"The statistics","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"text-align:center\"\n|-\n!colspan=3|[[Tim nasional sepak bola Jerman|Jerman]]\n|-\n!Tahun!!Tampil!!Gol\n|-\n|2010||12||5\n|-\n|2011||13||5\n|-\n|2012||13||0\n|-\n|2013||9||6\n|-\n|2014||15||10\n|-\n|2015||6||5\n|-\n|2016||15||5\n|-\n|2017||6||1\n|-\n|2018||11||1\n|-\n!Total!!100!!38\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar gol","translated_text":"List of goals","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Skor dan hasil berikut mencantumkan hitungan gol untuk Jerman lebih dulu.","translated_text":"The following score and results list the number of goals for Germany first.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"rsssf\">{{cite web|url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/thmueller-intlg.html|title=Thomas Müller – Goals in International Matches|publisher = RSSSF | date = | access-date = 5 Oktober 2017 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"rsssf","url":"http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/thmueller-intlg.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9231,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:51.281367-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.794921875},{"content":"<ref name=\"NFT\">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36374/Thomas_Mueller.html|title=Müller, Thomas|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=26 Maret 2018|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"NFT","url":"http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36374/Thomas_Mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":509357,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:52.115016-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.67724609375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n|-\n! # !! Tanggal !! Tempat !! Lawan !! Skor !! Hasil !! Kompetisi\n|-\n| 1. || 13 Juni 2010 || [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]], [[Durban]], Afrika Selatan || {{fb|AUS}} || align=center| '''3'''–0 ||align=center| 4–0 || rowspan=5|[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n|-\n| 2. || rowspan=2 | 27 Juni 2010 || rowspan=2 | [[Free State Stadium]], [[Bloemfontein]], Afrika Selatan || rowspan=2 | {{fb|ENG}} ||align=center| '''3'''–1 || rowspan=2 align=center| 4–1\n|-\n| 3. || align=center| '''4'''–1\n|-\n| 4. || 3 Juli 2010 || [[Cape Town Stadium]], [[Cape Town]], Afrika Selatan || {{fb|ARG}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 4–0\n|-\n| 5. || 10 Juli 2010 || [[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]], [[Port Elizabeth]], Afrika Selatan || {{fb|URU}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–2\n|-\n| 6. || rowspan=2 | 26 Maret 2011 || rowspan=2 | [[Fritz-Walter-Stadion]], [[Kaiserslautern]], Jerman || rowspan=2 | {{fb|KAZ}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 4–0 || rowspan=3 | [[Grup A Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012|Kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2012]]\n|-\n| 7. || align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 8. || 7 Oktober 2011 || [[Türk Telekom Arena]], [[Istanbul]], Turki || {{fb|TUR}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 ||align=center| 3–1\n|-\n| 9. || 11 November 2011 || [[Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraina || {{fb|UKR}} ||align=center| '''3'''–3 ||align=center| 3–3 || rowspan=3|[[Pertandingan persahabatan|Persahabatan]]\n|-\n| 10. || 15 November 2011 || [[Volksparkstadion]], [[Hamburg]], Jerman || {{fb|NED}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 ||align=center| 3–0\n|-\n| 11. || 6 Februari 2013 || [[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], Prancis || {{fb|FRA}} ||align=center| '''1'''–1 ||align=center| 2–1\n|-\n| 12. || rowspan=2 | 22 Maret 2013 || rowspan=2 | [[Astana Arena]], [[Astana]], Kazakhstan || rowspan=2 | {{fb|KAZ}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=2 | [[Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 – Grup C Zona Eropa|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n|-\n| 13. || align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 14. || 14 Agustus 2013 || Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, Jerman || {{fb|PAR}} ||align=center| '''2'''–2 || align=center| 3–3 || Persahabatan\n|-\n| 15. || 6 September 2013 || [[Allianz Arena]], [[München]], Jerman || {{fb|AUT}} ||align=center| '''3'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=2|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2014\n|-\n| 16. || 10 September 2013 || [[Tórsvøllur]], [[Tórshavn]], [[Kepulauan Faroe]] || {{fb|FAR}} || align=center| '''3'''–0 ||align=center| 3–0\n|-\n| 17. || 1 Juni 2014 || [[Borussia-Park]], [[Mönchengladbach]], Jerman || {{fb|CMR}} || align=center| '''1'''–1 ||align=center| 2–2 || Persahabatan\n|-\n| 18. || rowspan=3 | 16 Juni 2014 || rowspan=3 | [[Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova]],  [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brasil || rowspan=3 |{{fb|POR}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 4–0 || rowspan=5 | [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n|-\n| 19. || align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 20. || align=center| '''4'''–0\n|-\n| 21. || 26 Juni 2014 || [[Itaipava Arena Pernambuco]], [[Recife]], Brasil || {{fb|USA}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–0\n|-\n| 22. || 8 Juli 2014 || [[Mineirão]], [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil || {{fb|BRA}} ||align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 7–1\n|-\n| 23. || rowspan=2 | 7 September 2014 || rowspan=2 | [[Westfalenstadion]], [[Dortmund]], Jerman || rowspan=2 |{{fb|SCO}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 2–1 || rowspan=9 | [[Kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016|Kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2016]]\n|-\n| 24. ||align=center| '''2'''–1\n|-\n| 25. || rowspan=2 | 14 November 2014 || rowspan=2 | [[Max-Morlock-Stadion|Stadion Nürnberg]], [[Nürnberg]], Jerman || rowspan=2 |{{fb|GIB}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 4–0\n|-\n| 26. ||align=center| '''2'''–0\n|-\n| 27. || 29 Maret 2015 || [[Stadion Boris Paichadze|Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena]], [[Tbilisi]], Georgia || {{fb|GEO}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 || align=center| 2–0\n|-\n| 28. || 4 September 2015 || [[Stadion am Bornheimer Hang]], [[Frankfurt]], Jerman || {{fb|POL}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–1\n|-\n| 29. || rowspan=2 | 7 September 2015 || rowspan=2 | [[Hampden Park]], [[Glasgow]], Skotlandia || rowspan=2 |{{fb|SCO}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 3–2\n|-\n| 30. ||align=center| '''2'''–1\n|-\n| 31. || 11 Oktober 2015 || [[Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)|Red Bull Arena]], [[Leipzig]], Jerman || {{fb|GEO}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–1\n|-\n| 32. || 4 Juni 2016 || [[Arena AufSchalke]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], Jerman || {{fb|HUN}} || align=center| '''2'''–0 || align=center| 2–0 || Persahabatan\n|-\n| 33. || rowspan=2 | 4 September 2016 || rowspan=2 | [[Ullevaal Stadion]], [[Oslo]], Norwegia || rowspan=2 |{{fb|NOR}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 3–0 || rowspan=5 | [[Grup C Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 – Zona Eropa|Kualifikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n|-\n| 34. ||align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 35. || rowspan=2 | 8 Oktober 2016 || rowspan=2 | Volksparkstadion, Hamburg, Jerman || rowspan=2 |{{fb|CZE}} || align=center| '''1'''–0 || rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:center;\"| 3–0\n|-\n| 36. ||align=center| '''3'''–0\n|-\n| 37. || 26 Maret 2017 || [[Stadion Tofiq Bahramov|Tofiq Bahramov Republican Stadium]], [[Baku]], Azerbaijan || {{fb|AZE}} || align=center| '''2'''–1 || style=\"text-align:center;\"| 4–1\n|-\n| 38. || 23 Maret 2018 || [[Esprit Arena]], [[Düsseldorf]], Jerman || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center| '''1'''–1 || style=\"text-align:center;\"| 1–1 || Persahabatan\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Prestasi","translated_text":"Achievements","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bayern München Bundesliga: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013��14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 DFB-Pokal: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2019–20 Piala Super DFL: 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 Liga Champions UEFA: 2012–13, 2019–20 Piala Super UEFA: 2013, 2020 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA: 2013, 2020","translated_text":"Bayern Munich Bundesliga: 2009 ⁇ 10, 2012 ⁇ 13, 2013 ⁇ 14, 2014 ⁇ 15, 2015 ⁇ 16, 2016 ⁇ 17, 2017 ⁇ 18, 2018 ⁇ 19, 2019 ⁇ 20, 2020 ⁇ 21, 2021 ⁇ 22, 2022 ⁇ 23 DFB-Pokal: 2009 ⁇ 10, 2012 ⁇ 13, 2013 ⁇ 14, 2015 ⁇ 16, 2019 ⁇ 20 Super Cup DFL: 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 UEFA Champions League: 2012 ⁇ 13, 2019 ⁇ 20 Super Cup UEFA: 2013, 2020 FIFA World Cup Antarclubs: 2013, 2020","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Soccerway\">{{cite web | url = https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/ | title = T. Müller | publisher = Soccerway | accessdate = 17 Agustus 2014 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":14,"name":"Soccerway","url":"https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":413,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:53.742563-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jerman Piala Dunia FIFA: 2014;","translated_text":"Germany at the FIFA World Cup: 2014;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Soccerway\">{{cite web | url = https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/ | title = T. 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rekor bersama Teófilo Cubillas (1970, 1978) & Miroslav Klose (2002–2006) Pemberi assist terbanyak di Bundesliga: 2017–2018 Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2017–2018","translated_text":"Man of the Match: vs. Portugal, vs. United States FIFA World Cup Golden Boot: 2010 FIFA World Cup Silver Boot: 2014 FIFA World Cup Best Young Player: 2010 FIFA World Cup 2010 Most assists (together with Mesut Özil, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Kaká, and Dirk Kuyt) Bayerischer Sportpreis: 2010 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2010, 2014 World Soccer Young Player of the Year: 2010 Bravo Award: 2010 FIFA World Cup Ballon d'Or: 2010 (ranked 15th), 2011 (ranked 13th), 2013 (ranked 17th), 2014 (ranked 5th), 2015 (ranked 6th) ESM Team of the Year: 20122013 UEFA Team of the Year Award: 2013 (ranked 6th), 2014 (ranked 4th), 2016 (ranked 10th) UEFA Champions League Team of the Year: 2015 FIFA World Cup Silver Pro Cup: 2014 FIFA World Cup: 2014 (ranked 13th), 2014 (ranked 17th), 2014 (ranked 5th), 2015 (ranked 6th), 2015 (ranked 6th), 2014 (ranked 6th), 2014 (ranked 4), 2016 (ranked 4th","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"goldenboot2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|title=Golden Boot|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=11 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317212405/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|archivedate=17 Maret 2012|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":84,"name":"goldenboot2010","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.449969-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | title = Thomas Muller receives his World Cup awards | website = FIFA.com | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | language = en | quote = Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach. | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | archive-date = 2018-06-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180601223840/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":117,"name":"FIFAWCSB&SB","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.741432-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":"Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | title = Muller receives World Cup honours | website = FIFA.com | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | language = en | quote = Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. 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team","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Jerman Kategori:Pemain FC Bayern München Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010 Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2016 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2020","translated_text":":German footballers Category:Fc Bayern Munich Players Category:FIFA World Cup Players 2010 Category:FIFA World Cup Players 2012 Category:FIFA World Cup Players 2014 Category:FIFA World Cup Players 2016 Category:FIFA World Cup Players 2018 Category:FIFA World Cup Players 2020","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Thomas Müller () () adalah pemain sepak bola asal Jerman yang bermain dan menjadi wakil kapten untuk Bayern München dan tim nasional Jerman.","translated_text":"Thomas Müller () is a German footballer who plays for and is vice-captain of Bayern Munich and the Germany national team.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=profi />","char_index":140,"name":"profi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 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Sebagai pemain yang bisa ditempatkan dimana saja, Müller bermain sebagai gelandang atau penyerang, dan telah bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang – gelandang serang, penyerang bayangan, penyerang tengah, serta pemain sayap. Dia dipuji karena pengaturan posisi, kerja tim dan stamina, tingkat produktivitas, serta konsistensi dalam mencetak dan menciptakan asis.","translated_text":"Thomas Müller () is a German footballer who plays for and is vice-captain of Bayern Munich and the Germany national team. As a player who can be deployed anywhere, Müller plays as a midfielder or forward, and has played in a variety of attacking positions  ⁇  attacking midfielder, shadow forward, midfielder, and winger. He was praised for positioning, teamwork and stamina, productivity levels, and consistency in scoring and creating acids.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>","char_index":505,"name":"DFB","url":"https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":259331,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:48.341407-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2014, Müller menempati peringkat kelima dalam daftar pemain sepak bola terbaik di dunia menurut The Guardian.","translated_text":"In 2014, Müller was ranked fifth in the list of the best footballers in the world according to The Guardian.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2014/dec/21/the-top-100-footballers-2014-interactive|title=The top 100 footballers 2014 – interactive|date=21 Desember 2014|work=[[The Guardian]] | access-date = 18 Oktober 2015 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2014/dec/21/the-top-100-footballers-2014-interactive","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":746671,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:50.392201-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81103515625}]},{"text":"Lahir di Weilheim, Müller bermain sebagai pemain tim usia muda untuk TSV Pähl, dan pada umur 10 tahun dia melakukan perjalanan sejauh untuk bergabung ke dalam tim Bayern München pada tahun 2000.","translated_text":"Born in Weilheim, Müller played as a youth team player for TSV Pähl, and at the age of 10 he travelled as far as to join Bayern Munich in 2000.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=profi />","char_index":194,"name":"profi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer\">{{cite news|last=Lynch|first=David|title=Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/muller-claims-turned-down-astronomical-7642557|accessdate=20 Agustus 2014|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=20 Agustus 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":194,"name":"Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer","url":"http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/muller-claims-turned-down-astronomical-7642557","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":971660,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:50.598806-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80859375}]},{"text":"Lahir di Weilheim, Müller bermain sebagai pemain tim usia muda untuk TSV Pähl, dan pada umur 10 tahun dia melakukan perjalanan sejauh untuk bergabung ke dalam tim Bayern München pada tahun 2000. Dia berkembang melalui sistem tim usia muda dan menjadi bagian dari tim yang memperoleh runner-up di Bundesliga U-19 pada tahun 2007.","translated_text":"Born in Weilheim, Müller played as a youth team player for TSV Pähl, and at the age of 10 he travelled as far as to join Bayern Munich in 2000. He progressed through the youth team system and was part of the team that earned runners-up in the Bundesliga U-19 in 2007.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>","char_index":328,"name":"DFB","url":"https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":259331,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:48.341407-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}]},{"text":"Lahir di Weilheim, Müller bermain sebagai pemain tim usia muda untuk TSV Pähl, dan pada umur 10 tahun dia melakukan perjalanan sejauh untuk bergabung ke dalam tim Bayern München pada tahun 2000. Dia berkembang melalui sistem tim usia muda dan menjadi bagian dari tim yang memperoleh runner-up di Bundesliga U-19 pada tahun 2007. Dia memulai debut di tim cadangan pada Maret 2008 saat dia menggantikan Stephan Fürstner dalam pertandingan Regionalliga melawan SpVgg Unterhaching.","translated_text":"Born in Weilheim, Müller played as a youth team player for TSV Pähl, and at the age of 10 he travelled as far as to join Bayern Munich in 2000. He progressed through the youth team system and was part of the team that earned runners-up in the Bundesliga U-19 in 2007. He made his debut in the reserve team in March 2008 when he replaced Stephan Fürstner in a Regionalliga match against SpVgg Unterhaching.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2008/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2007/2008| language = de |accessdate=28 Januari 2010|trans-title=Penampilan oleh Thomas Müller pada musim 2007–2008}}</ref>","char_index":477,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2008/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":157600,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:51.414646-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia memulai debut di tim cadangan pada Maret 2008 saat dia menggantikan Stephan Fürstner dalam pertandingan Regionalliga melawan SpVgg Unterhaching. Pada pertandingan tersebut dia mencetak gol. Dia bermain dalam dua pertandingan Regionalliga lainnya pada musim 2007–2008, saat tetap bermain untuk tim U-19.","translated_text":"He made his debut in the reserve team in March 2008 when he replaced Stephan Fürstner in a Regionalliga match against SpVgg Unterhaching. In that game he scored a goal. He played in two other Regionalliga games in the 2007-2008 season, while still playing for the Under-19 team.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2007–2008 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2007-08/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":271,"name":"2007–2008 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2007-08/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:52.801136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Pada pertandingan tersebut dia mencetak gol. Dia bermain dalam dua pertandingan Regionalliga lainnya pada musim 2007–2008, saat tetap bermain untuk tim U-19. Pada musim berikutnya, tim kedua Bayern lolos ke 3. Liga yang baru dibentuk, dan Müller menjadikan dirinya sebagai pemain kunci – bermain dalam 32 dari 38 pertandingan dan mencetak 15 gol, menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kelima dalam liga tersebut.","translated_text":"In that game he scored a goal. He played in two other Regionalliga games in the 2007-2008 season, while still playing for the Under-19 team. The following season, Bayern's second team qualified for the newly formed 3. liga, and Müller established himself as a key player  ⁇  playing in 32 of the 38 matches and scoring 15 goals, making him the fifth highest scorer in the league.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten0809\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2009/|publisher=fussballdaten.de|title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2008/2009|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Penampilan oleh Thomas Müller pada musim 2008–2009}}</ref>","char_index":325,"name":"fussballdaten0809","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2009/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151736,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:56.240330-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2008-09/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":346,"name":"Spieler-Statistik 2008/09","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2008-09/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:57.578439-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dritteliga/2009/statistik/#Tore|title=Torjäger der 3. Liga 2008/2009|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Pencetak gol terbanyak di 3. Liga 2008–2009}}</ref>","char_index":419,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/dritteliga/2009/statistik/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31906,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:58.078666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (40 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia bermain dalam dua pertandingan Regionalliga lainnya pada musim 2007–2008, saat tetap bermain untuk tim U-19. Pada musim berikutnya, tim kedua Bayern lolos ke 3. Liga yang baru dibentuk, dan Müller menjadikan dirinya sebagai pemain kunci – bermain dalam 32 dari 38 pertandingan dan mencetak 15 gol, menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kelima dalam liga tersebut. Dia juga terlibat dalam tim utama di bawah pelatih saat itu Jürgen Klinsmann; saat dia tampil dalam pertandingan persahabatan pra-musim, dan memulai debut penuhnya pada 15 Agustus 2008, saat dia menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Miroslav Klose pada sepuluh menit terakhir dari pertandingan Bundesliga melawan Hamburger SV.","translated_text":"He played in two other Regionalliga games in the 2007-2008 season, while still playing for the Under-19 team. The following season, Bayern's second team qualified for the newly formed 3. liga, and Müller established himself as a key player  ⁇  playing in 32 of the 38 matches and scoring 15 goals, making him the fifth highest scorer in the league. He was also involved in the first team under then-coach Jürgen Klinsmann; when he appeared in a pre-season friendly match, and made his full debut on 15 August 2008, when he became a substitute for Miroslav Klose in the final ten minutes of the Bundesliga match against Hamburger SV.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php |title=Polished Bayern send out signal to rivals |date=31 Juli 2008 |publisher=FC Bayern München |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023228/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php |archivedate=19 Maret 2009 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":511,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:58.600702-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php |title=Polished Bayern send out signal to rivals |date=31 Juli 2008 |publisher=FC Bayern München |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023228/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php |archivedate=19 Maret 2009 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":511,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023228/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17116.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:58.805243-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php|title=Below-strength FCB undone by wily Italians| publisher=FC Bayern München|date= 5 Agustus 2008|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=en|archivedate=19 Maret 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023242/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php}}</ref>","char_index":511,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:58.873981-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php|title=Below-strength FCB undone by wily Italians| publisher=FC Bayern München|date= 5 Agustus 2008|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=en|archivedate=19 Maret 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023242/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php}}</ref>","char_index":511,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090319023242/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2008/17167.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:59.077115-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2008-09/1/863397/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_hamburger-sv-12.html|title=Trochowski belohnt Hamburger Moral| work = kicker |date= 15 Agustus 2008|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=de|trans-title=Trochowski menyemangati tim Hamburg}}</ref>","char_index":694,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2008-09/1/863397/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_hamburger-sv-12.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":236683,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:09.088318-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.888671875}]},{"text":"Pada musim berikutnya, tim kedua Bayern lolos ke 3. Liga yang baru dibentuk, dan Müller menjadikan dirinya sebagai pemain kunci – bermain dalam 32 dari 38 pertandingan dan mencetak 15 gol, menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kelima dalam liga tersebut. Dia juga terlibat dalam tim utama di bawah pelatih saat itu Jürgen Klinsmann; saat dia tampil dalam pertandingan persahabatan pra-musim, dan memulai debut penuhnya pada 15 Agustus 2008, saat dia menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Miroslav Klose pada sepuluh menit terakhir dari pertandingan Bundesliga melawan Hamburger SV. Meski Müller merasa bahwa penampilannya tidak berlangsung baik, dia kembali tampil dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga pada musim tersebut dan memulai debut di Liga Champions pada 10 Maret 2009 saat menjadi pemain yang menggantikan Bastian Schweinsteiger pada menit ke-72 dalam kemenangan 7–1 atas Sporting CP.","translated_text":"The following season, Bayern's second team qualified for the newly formed 3. liga, and Müller established himself as a key player  ⁇  playing in 32 of the 38 matches and scoring 15 goals, making him the fifth highest scorer in the league. He was also involved in the first team under then-coach Jürgen Klinsmann; when he appeared in a pre-season friendly match, and made his full debut on 15 August 2008, when he became a substitute for Miroslav Klose in the final ten minutes of the Bundesliga match against Hamburger SV. Although Müller felt that his performance did not go well, he returned in three Bundesliga games that season and made his Champions League debut on 10 March 2009 when he replaced Bastian Schweinsteiger in the 72nd minute in a 7 ⁇ 1 win over Sporting CP.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":645,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten0809\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2009/|publisher=fussballdaten.de|title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2008/2009|accessdate=28 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Penampilan oleh Thomas Müller pada musim 2008–2009}}</ref>","char_index":719,"name":"fussballdaten0809","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2009/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151736,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:56.240330-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia juga terlibat dalam tim utama di bawah pelatih saat itu Jürgen Klinsmann; saat dia tampil dalam pertandingan persahabatan pra-musim, dan memulai debut penuhnya pada 15 Agustus 2008, saat dia menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Miroslav Klose pada sepuluh menit terakhir dari pertandingan Bundesliga melawan Hamburger SV. Meski Müller merasa bahwa penampilannya tidak berlangsung baik, dia kembali tampil dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga pada musim tersebut dan memulai debut di Liga Champions pada 10 Maret 2009 saat menjadi pemain yang menggantikan Bastian Schweinsteiger pada menit ke-72 dalam kemenangan 7–1 atas Sporting CP. Dia mencetak gol terakhir saat mereka menang dengan skor agregat 12–1.","translated_text":"He was also involved in the first team under then-coach Jürgen Klinsmann; when he appeared in a pre-season friendly match, and made his full debut on 15 August 2008, when he became a substitute for Miroslav Klose in the final ten minutes of the Bundesliga match against Hamburger SV. Although Müller felt that his performance did not go well, he returned in three Bundesliga games that season and made his Champions League debut on 10 March 2009 when he replaced Bastian Schweinsteiger in the 72nd minute in a 7 ⁇ 1 win over Sporting CP. He scored the final goal when they won by an aggregate score of 12 ⁇ 1.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/mar/10/championsleague-bayernmunich?INTCMP=SRCH|title=Bayern's deadly dozen piles on humiliation for Sporting Lisbon| website = The Guardian |date= 10 Maret 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":700,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/mar/10/championsleague-bayernmunich?INTCMP=SRCH","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":271221,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:10.774043-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93310546875}]},{"text":"Pada Februari 2009, Müller menandatangani kontrak pertamanya untuk tim senior dengan kesepakatan selama dua tahun efektif dari musim 2009–2010 bersama dengan rekannya Holger Badstuber.","translated_text":"In February 2009, Müller signed his first contract for the senior team with a two-year deal effective from the 2009-2010 season together with his teammate Holger Badstuber.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php|title=Badstuber und Müller unterschreiben|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=16 Februari 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Badstuber dan Müller menandatangani kontrak|archivedate=21 Februari 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221083626/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php}}</ref>","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:11.004835-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php|title=Badstuber und Müller unterschreiben|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=16 Februari 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Badstuber dan Müller menandatangani kontrak|archivedate=21 Februari 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221083626/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php}}</ref>","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090221083626/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2009/18613.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:11.215278-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller pernah hampir dipinjamkan atau bahkan ditransfer untuk mencari pengalaman dalam bermain sepak bola di tim utama, tetapi saat Louis van Gaal ditunjuk sebagai manajer, Müller dan Badstuber menjadi pemain tetap dalam tim utama Bayern sejak awal musim.","translated_text":"Müller was once almost loaned or even transferred to seek experience playing football in the first team, but when Louis van Gaal was appointed as manager, Müller and Badstuber became regulars in Bayern's first team from the start of the season.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":119,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2009/2010 |accessdate=31 Januari 2010}}</ref>","char_index":255,"name":"fussballdaten0910","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":157600,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:12.308445-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller pernah hampir dipinjamkan atau bahkan ditransfer untuk mencari pengalaman dalam bermain sepak bola di tim utama, tetapi saat Louis van Gaal ditunjuk sebagai manajer, Müller dan Badstuber menjadi pemain tetap dalam tim utama Bayern sejak awal musim. Dalam beberapa pertandingan pertama, Müller merupakan pemain pengganti tetap, dan pada 12 September 2009, dia dimainkan dalam pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund dan mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–1.","translated_text":"Müller was once almost loaned or even transferred to seek experience playing football in the first team, but when Louis van Gaal was appointed as manager, Müller and Badstuber became regulars in Bayern's first team from the start of the season. In the first few matches, Müller was a regular substitute, and on 12 September 2009, he played in a match against Borussia Dortmund and scored two goals in a 5 ⁇ 1 win.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2009-10/5/938068/spielanalyse_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=Ribery dankt es van Gaal|work=kicker|date=23 Juni 2011|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Ribery bersyukur atas Van Gaal}}</ref>","char_index":463,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2009-10/5/938068/spielanalyse_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":231306,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:13.423291-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Müller pernah hampir dipinjamkan atau bahkan ditransfer untuk mencari pengalaman dalam bermain sepak bola di tim utama, tetapi saat Louis van Gaal ditunjuk sebagai manajer, Müller dan Badstuber menjadi pemain tetap dalam tim utama Bayern sejak awal musim. Dalam beberapa pertandingan pertama, Müller merupakan pemain pengganti tetap, dan pada 12 September 2009, dia dimainkan dalam pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund dan mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–1. Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak dua gol lainnya dalam kemenangan 3–0 pada pertandingan Liga Champions atas Maccabi Haifa.","translated_text":"Müller was once almost loaned or even transferred to seek experience playing football in the first team, but when Louis van Gaal was appointed as manager, Müller and Badstuber became regulars in Bayern's first team from the start of the season. In the first few matches, Müller was a regular substitute, and on 12 September 2009, he played in a match against Borussia Dortmund and scored two goals in a 5 ⁇ 1 win. Three days later, he scored two more goals in a 3-0 victory in the Champions League match over Maccabi Haifa.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/sep/16/champions-league-round-up-juventus-milan-bayern|title=Filippo Inzaghi double gives Milan the edge over Marseille| work = The Guardian |date=15 September 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":586,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/sep/16/champions-league-round-up-juventus-milan-bayern","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":353753,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:15.377305-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93310546875}]},{"text":"Dalam beberapa pertandingan pertama, Müller merupakan pemain pengganti tetap, dan pada 12 September 2009, dia dimainkan dalam pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund dan mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–1. Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak dua gol lainnya dalam kemenangan 3–0 pada pertandingan Liga Champions atas Maccabi Haifa. Dia menjadi Bundesliga Player of the Month untuk bulan September dan memperoleh pujian dari Gerd Müller, mantan penyerang legendaris Bayern dan Jerman dengan nama marga yang sama.","translated_text":"In the first few matches, Müller was a regular substitute, and on 12 September 2009, he played in a match against Borussia Dortmund and scored two goals in a 5 ⁇ 1 win. Three days later, he scored two more goals in a 3-0 victory in the Champions League match over Maccabi Haifa. He was the Bundesliga Player of the Month for September and earned praise from Gerd Müller, the legendary former Bayern and German forward of the same name.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/artikel/307466/|title=Ein kleiner Trost: Mit dem 3. 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Dia menjadi Bundesliga Player of the Month untuk bulan September dan memperoleh pujian dari Gerd Müller, mantan penyerang legendaris Bayern dan Jerman dengan nama marga yang sama. Setelah pertandingan melawan Haifa, Müller dimasukkan ke dalam lini utama di hampir setiap pertandingan, dan hanya melewatkan satu pertandingan, yakni pertandingan Liga Champions melawan Bordeaux, yang pada saat itu dia terkena akumulasi kartu, karena dia dikeluarkan dalam pertandingan awal melawan tim yang sama.","translated_text":"Three days later, he scored two more goals in a 3-0 victory in the Champions League match over Maccabi Haifa. He was the Bundesliga Player of the Month for September and earned praise from Gerd Müller, the legendary former Bayern and German forward of the same name. After the match against Haifa, Müller was placed in the starting line-up in almost every match, and only missed one match, namely the Champions League match against Bordeaux, at which point he suffered card accumulation, as he was eliminated in the opening match against the same team.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"soccernet\">{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739|title=Thomas Müller|accessdate=7 September 2011|publisher=[[ESPN]]|language=en|archive-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011091917/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":407,"name":"soccernet","url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:27.084493-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"soccernet\">{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739|title=Thomas Müller|accessdate=7 September 2011|publisher=[[ESPN]]|language=en|archive-date=2011-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011091917/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":407,"name":"soccernet","url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-muller?cc=5739","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:27.084493-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2009-10/4/988041/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_girondins-bordeaux-974.html|title=Gourcuff bringt die Bayern an den Abgrund|work=kicker|date=3 November 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|language=de|trans-title=Gourcuff membawa Bayern menuju ambang kekalahan}}</ref>","char_index":547,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2009-10/4/988041/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_girondins-bordeaux-974.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222678,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:27.133167-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90087890625},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2009-10/3/988036/spielanalyse_girondins-bordeaux-974_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=Bayern unterliegen im Kuriositätenkabinett|language=de|work=kicker|date=21 Oktober 2009|accessdate=23 Juni 2011|trans-title=Bayern kalah dalam pertandingan penentu}}</ref>","char_index":617,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2009-10/3/988036/spielanalyse_girondins-bordeaux-974_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":231218,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:30.452704-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89013671875}]},{"text":"Pada Februari 2010, Müller menandatangani kontrak bersama Bayern München hingga tahun 2013.","translated_text":"In February 2010, Müller signed a contract with Bayern Munich until 2013.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1445430.html|title=Van Buyten commits future to Bayern|publisher=UEFA|date=5 Februari 2010|accessdate=11 Februari 2010|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=1445430.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:33.761705-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Februari 2010, Müller menandatangani kontrak bersama Bayern München hingga tahun 2013. Selama paruh kedua musim, Müller kembali masuk ke dalam lini utama tetap, dan biasanya bermain di posisi penyerang tengah karena ketersediaan pemain sayap yang diisi oleh Franck Ribéry dan Arjen Robben.","translated_text":"In February 2010, Müller signed a contract with Bayern Munich until 2013. During the second half of the season, Müller returned to the regular main line, and usually played in the centre-forward position due to the availability of wingers filled by Franck Ribéry and Arjen Robben.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2009/2010 |accessdate=31 Januari 2010}}</ref>","char_index":165,"name":"fussballdaten0910","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":157600,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:12.308445-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Februari 2010, Müller menandatangani kontrak bersama Bayern München hingga tahun 2013. Selama paruh kedua musim, Müller kembali masuk ke dalam lini utama tetap, dan biasanya bermain di posisi penyerang tengah karena ketersediaan pemain sayap yang diisi oleh Franck Ribéry dan Arjen Robben. Pada April 2010, dia mencetak gol kedua dalam kemenangan 2–1 atas rival Schalke 04, dan dalam pertandingan pamungkas liga pada musim yang sama, dia mencetak hat-trick pertama dalam kariernya, dalam kemenangan 3–1 atas VfL Bochum sekaligus mengamankan gelar juara Jerman bagi Bayern.","translated_text":"In February 2010, Müller signed a contract with Bayern Munich until 2013. During the second half of the season, Müller returned to the regular main line, and usually played in the centre-forward position due to the availability of wingers filled by Franck Ribéry and Arjen Robben. In April 2010, he scored his second goal in a 2 ⁇ 1 win over rival Schalke 04, and in the final league game of the same season, he scored his first career hat-trick, in a 3 ⁇ 1 win over VfL Bochum while securing the German championship for Bayern.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/apr/05/bayern-munich-schalke|title=Self-congratulatory Bayern Munich reclaim top spot| work = The Guardian | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | date=3 April 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":378,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/apr/05/bayern-munich-schalke","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":281625,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:33.841871-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php|title=Müller to keep on dreaming|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=2 Mei 2010|accessdate=4 Mei 2010|language=en|archivedate=7 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507095818/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php}}</ref>","char_index":486,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.150160-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php|title=Müller to keep on dreaming|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=2 Mei 2010|accessdate=4 Mei 2010|language=en|archivedate=7 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507095818/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php}}</ref>","char_index":486,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100507095818/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/23303.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.379022-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/03/schalke-bundesliga-runners-up|title=Schalke find something beautiful in being second best| work = The Guardian | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | date=1 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":577,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/03/schalke-bundesliga-runners-up","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":283652,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.450196-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9443359375}]},{"text":"Selama paruh kedua musim, Müller kembali masuk ke dalam lini utama tetap, dan biasanya bermain di posisi penyerang tengah karena ketersediaan pemain sayap yang diisi oleh Franck Ribéry dan Arjen Robben. Pada April 2010, dia mencetak gol kedua dalam kemenangan 2–1 atas rival Schalke 04, dan dalam pertandingan pamungkas liga pada musim yang sama, dia mencetak hat-trick pertama dalam kariernya, dalam kemenangan 3–1 atas VfL Bochum sekaligus mengamankan gelar juara Jerman bagi Bayern. Gelar tersebut dipastikan sepekan kemudian melalui kemenangan 3–1 atas Hertha BSC.","translated_text":"During the second half of the season, Müller returned to the regular main line, and usually played in the centre-forward position due to the availability of wingers filled by Franck Ribéry and Arjen Robben. In April 2010, he scored his second goal in a 2 ⁇ 1 win over rival Schalke 04, and in the final league game of the same season, he scored his first career hat-trick, in a 3 ⁇ 1 win over VfL Bochum while securing the German championship for Bayern. The title was confirmed a week later in a 3 ⁇ 1 victory over Hertha BSC.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/10/bundesliga-finale-bayern-munich|title=Two-day parties, tears, fights and farewells mark Bundesliga finale| work = The Guardian | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein |date=10 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":568,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/may/10/bundesliga-finale-bayern-munich","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":283072,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.709507-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92431640625},{"content":"<ref name=\"champions\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php|title=Champions Munich finish with a flourish|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=8 Mei 2010|accessdate=8 Mei 2010|language=en|archivedate=13 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513170629/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php}}</ref>","char_index":568,"name":"champions","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.958273-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"champions\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php|title=Champions Munich finish with a flourish|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=8 Mei 2010|accessdate=8 Mei 2010|language=en|archivedate=13 Mei 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513170629/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php}}</ref>","char_index":568,"name":"champions","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/matchreport/2010/23368.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.958273-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di sepanjang musim, dia bermain dalam ke-34 pertandingan Bundesliga, bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam 29 pertandingan, serta menorehkan 13 gol dan 11 assist.","translated_text":"Throughout the season, he played in 34 Bundesliga matches, playing as a midfielder in 29 matches, as well as scoring 13 goals and 11 assists.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2009–2010 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2009-10/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":68,"name":"2009–2010 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2009-10/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:35.161223-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2009/2010 |accessdate=31 Januari 2010}}</ref>","char_index":164,"name":"fussballdaten0910","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":157600,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:12.308445-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di sepanjang musim, dia bermain dalam ke-34 pertandingan Bundesliga, bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam 29 pertandingan, serta menorehkan 13 gol dan 11 assist. Bayern and Müller kembali ke Berlin pada pekan berikutnya, untuk menghadapi Werder Bremen dalam pertandingan final DFB-Pokal. Müller bermain di lini utama dan Bayern memenangkan pertandingan 4–0 sekaligus melengkapi gelar double dalam kompetisi domestik.","translated_text":"Throughout the season, he played in 34 Bundesliga matches, playing as a midfielder in 29 matches, as well as scoring 13 goals and 11 assists. Bayern and Müller returned to Berlin the following week, to face Werder Bremen in the final match of the DFB-Pokal. Müller played in the main line and Bayern won the match 4 ⁇ 0 whilst completing the double title in domestic competition.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2010cupfinal\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2009-10/6/1000000/spielanalyse_werder-bremen-4_bayern-muenchen-14.html|title=Erneute Bayern-Party in Berlin|work=kicker|date=15 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=de|trans-title=Perayaan Bayern yang berikutnya di Berlin}}</ref>","char_index":419,"name":"2010cupfinal","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2009-10/6/1000000/spielanalyse_werder-bremen-4_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:35.563912-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (69 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bayern and Müller kembali ke Berlin pada pekan berikutnya, untuk menghadapi Werder Bremen dalam pertandingan final DFB-Pokal. Müller bermain di lini utama dan Bayern memenangkan pertandingan 4–0 sekaligus melengkapi gelar double dalam kompetisi domestik. Müller mencetak empat gol dan memberikan dua assist selama kompetisi, yang menjadikannya sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak sepanjang musim ini.","translated_text":"Bayern and Müller returned to Berlin the following week, to face Werder Bremen in the final match of the DFB-Pokal. Müller played in the main line and Bayern won the match 4 ⁇ 0 whilst completing the double title in domestic competition. Müller scored four goals and provided two assists during the competition, making him the top scorer of the season.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2010/statistik/#Tore|title=Torjäger des DFB-Pokals 2009/2010|publisher=fussballdaten.de|language=de|date=15 Mei 2010|accessdate=15 Mei 2010|trans-title=Pencetak gol terbanyak DFB-Pokal musim 2009–2010}}</ref>","char_index":395,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/dfb/2010/statistik/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31885,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.664125-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (40 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Musim ini diakhiri dengan perburuan treble pertama, melalui pertandingan Final Liga Champions 2010 melawan Inter Milan di Stadion Santiago Bernabéu di Madrid. Sayangnya, hal tersebut tidak terwujud setelah kalah 2–0 berkat kedua gol dari Diego Milito. Müller masuk ke dalam lini utama dan memperoleh peluang kunci setelah babak pertama, saat tertinggal 1–0, tetapi tendangannya diselamatkan oleh Júlio César.","translated_text":"The season ended with the first treble hunt, via the 2010 Champions League Final match against Inter Milan at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. Unfortunately, that didn't happen after a 2-0 loss thanks to both goals from Diego Milito. Müller entered the main line and gained a key opportunity after the first half, when he was left behind 1 ⁇ 0, but his kick was saved by Júlio César.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"CLfinal2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/22/inter-champions-league-final-bayern|title=Inter win Champions League final as Diego Milito downs Bayern Munich| work = The Guardian |date=22 Mei 2010|accessdate=24 Juni 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":408,"name":"CLfinal2010","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/22/inter-champions-league-final-bayern","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":346361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:38.232075-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.921875}]},{"text":"Sayangnya, hal tersebut tidak terwujud setelah kalah 2–0 berkat kedua gol dari Diego Milito. Müller masuk ke dalam lini utama dan memperoleh peluang kunci setelah babak pertama, saat tertinggal 1–0, tetapi tendangannya diselamatkan oleh Júlio César. Müller merasa sangat kecewa karena kekalahan ini, tetapi dia mengakhiri musim pertamanya sebagai pemain tim utama dengan 52 pertandingan dan 19 gol di semua kompetisi.","translated_text":"Unfortunately, that didn't happen after a 2-0 loss thanks to both goals from Diego Milito. Müller entered the main line and gained a key opportunity after the first half, when he was left behind 1 ⁇ 0, but his kick was saved by Júlio César. Müller felt very disappointed by this defeat, but he ended his first season as a first team player with 52 games and 19 goals in all competitions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":299,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten0910\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2009/2010 |accessdate=31 Januari 2010}}</ref>","char_index":417,"name":"fussballdaten0910","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2010/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Müller berterima kasih kepada Van Gaal karena telah menjadi bagian dari kesuksesan awalnya – pelatih yang datang dengan reputasinya karena mempromosikan pemain dari tim usia muda, terutama di Ajax, dan konsisten memberi Müller kesempatan bermain dalam tim utama, seperti yang dikatakan Van Gaal, \"Müller spielt bei mir immer\" (\"bersama saya, Müller akan selalu bermain\").","translated_text":"In a poll made by kicker sports magazine, he was voted by fellow professional players as the best newcomer for the 2009-2010 season and made the Bundesliga team selection list this season. Müller thanked Van Gaal for having been a part of his initial success  ⁇  a coach who came up with his reputation for promoting players from youth teams, especially at Ajax, and consistently gave Müller the chance to play in the first team, as Van Gaal put it, \"Müller spielt bei mir immer\" (\"with me, Müller will always play\").","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"immer\">{{cite web|url=http://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.fc-bayern-mueller-spielt-immer-nimmer.36bf05b5-9f65-4592-a123-8f1090078a85.html|title=\"Müller spielt immer\"? Nimmer!|trans-title=\"Müller selalu bermain?\" Tidak pernah!|publisher=Abendzeitung München|date=7 November 2010|accessdate=24 Agustus 2011|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":609,"name":"immer","url":"http://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.fc-bayern-mueller-spielt-immer-nimmer.36bf05b5-9f65-4592-a123-8f1090078a85.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":242384,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:48.987917-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Dalam suatu jajak pendapat yang dibuat oleh majalah olahraga kicker, dia dipilih oleh rekan sesama pemain profesional sebagai pendatang baru terbaik untuk musim 2009–2010 dan masuk ke dalam daftar pemain tim pilihan Bundesliga musim ini. Müller berterima kasih kepada Van Gaal karena telah menjadi bagian dari kesuksesan awalnya – pelatih yang datang dengan reputasinya karena mempromosikan pemain dari tim usia muda, terutama di Ajax, dan konsisten memberi Müller kesempatan bermain dalam tim utama, seperti yang dikatakan Van Gaal, \"Müller spielt bei mir immer\" (\"bersama saya, Müller akan selalu bermain\"). Sebagai balasannya, Müller menyebut Van Gaal sebagai \"teknisi jenius\" yang membuat para pemainnya \"berkembang setiap saat.\"","translated_text":"In a poll made by kicker sports magazine, he was voted by fellow professional players as the best newcomer for the 2009-2010 season and made the Bundesliga team selection list this season. Müller thanked Van Gaal for having been a part of his initial success  ⁇  a coach who came up with his reputation for promoting players from youth teams, especially at Ajax, and consistently gave Müller the chance to play in the first team, as Van Gaal put it, \"Müller spielt bei mir immer\" (\"with me, Müller will always play\"). In response, Müller called Van Gaal a \"genius technician\" who made his players \"develop all the time\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":733,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller kembali dari rehat pasca-Piala Dunia untuk kembali menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak, kali ini dia bertahan di Bayern hingga tahun 2015.","translated_text":"Müller returned from a post-World Cup break to re-sign a contract extension, this time he stayed at Bayern until 2015.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=Müller extends stay at Bayern until 2015|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=6 Agustus 2010|accessdate=7 Agustus 2010|language=en|archivedate=28 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728042649/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php}}</ref>","char_index":145,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:50.128749-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=Müller extends stay at Bayern until 2015|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=6 Agustus 2010|accessdate=7 Agustus 2010|language=en|archivedate=28 Juli 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728042649/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php}}</ref>","char_index":145,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110728042649/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/24549.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:50.342129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller kembali dari rehat pasca-Piala Dunia untuk kembali menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak, kali ini dia bertahan di Bayern hingga tahun 2015. Bersama semua pemain Bayern yang berpartisipasi di Piala Dunia, dia melewatkan banyak pertandingan pra-musim, dan pertandingan pertama yang dia ikuti adalah pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan Schalke 04 pada tanggal 7 Agustus.","translated_text":"Müller returned from a post-World Cup break to re-sign a contract extension, this time he stayed at Bayern until 2015. 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Bersama semua pemain Bayern yang berpartisipasi di Piala Dunia, dia melewatkan banyak pertandingan pra-musim, dan pertandingan pertama yang dia ikuti adalah pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan Schalke 04 pada tanggal 7 Agustus. Dia masuk ke dalam lini utama, dan mencetak gol pembuka dalam kemenangan 2–0.","translated_text":"Müller returned from a post-World Cup break to re-sign a contract extension, this time he stayed at Bayern until 2015. With all Bayern players participating in the World Cup, he missed many pre-season matches, and the first match he attended was the DFL-Supercup match against Schalke 04 on 7 August. He entered the starting lineup, and scored the opening goal in a 2-0 win.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php|title=Bayern holen den ersten Titel |publisher=[[Bundesliga]]|language=de|date=7 Agustus 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|trans-title=Bayern merebut gelar pertama|archivedate=21 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121115321/http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php}}</ref>","char_index":449,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:05.100676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php|title=Bayern holen den ersten Titel |publisher=[[Bundesliga]]|language=de|date=7 Agustus 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|trans-title=Bayern merebut gelar pertama|archivedate=21 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121115321/http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php}}</ref>","char_index":449,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101121115321/http://www.bundesliga.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000159886.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:05.195129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bersama semua pemain Bayern yang berpartisipasi di Piala Dunia, dia melewatkan banyak pertandingan pra-musim, dan pertandingan pertama yang dia ikuti adalah pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan Schalke 04 pada tanggal 7 Agustus. Dia masuk ke dalam lini utama, dan mencetak gol pembuka dalam kemenangan 2–0. Dua pekan kemudian dia mencetak gol pembuka musim untuk Bayern dalam kemenangan kandang 2–1 atas VfL Wolfsburg.","translated_text":"With all Bayern players participating in the World Cup, he missed many pre-season matches, and the first match he attended was the DFL-Supercup match against Schalke 04 on 7 August. He entered the starting lineup, and scored the opening goal in a 2-0 win. Two weeks later he scored the opening goal for Bayern in a 2 ⁇ 1 home win over VfL Wolfsburg.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/1/1013222/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html|title=Schweinsteiger der Matchwinner zum Auftakt|work=kicker|language=de|date=20 Agustus 2010|accessdate=20 Agustus 2010|trans-title=Schweinsteiger menjadi penentu kemenangan di awal musim}}</ref>","char_index":415,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/1/1013222/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":235398,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:05.264730-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89306640625}]},{"text":"Dia masuk ke dalam lini utama, dan mencetak gol pembuka dalam kemenangan 2–0. Dua pekan kemudian dia mencetak gol pembuka musim untuk Bayern dalam kemenangan kandang 2–1 atas VfL Wolfsburg. Müller bermain di setiap pertandingan di paruh awal musim dan biasanya bermain sebagai pemain lini utama, tetapi saat tim berjuang untuk memeroleh hasil yang terbaik, Müller tidak mampu mencapai perolehan gol pada musim sebelumnya, dicadangkan, dan bahkan menerima cacian dari Louis van Gaal setelah kehilangan peluang mudah dalam kekalahan 2–0 dari 1. FC Kaiserslautern pada bulan Agustus.","translated_text":"He entered the starting lineup, and scored the opening goal in a 2-0 win. Two weeks later he scored the opening goal for Bayern in a 2 ⁇ 1 home win over VfL Wolfsburg. Müller played in every game in the first half of the season and usually played as a first-row forward, but as the team struggled to get the best results, Müller was unable to reach the goalscoring record in the previous season, being booked, and even receiving a nod from Louis van Gaal after losing an easy opportunity in a 2 ⁇ 0 defeat to 1.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten1011\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2010/2011 |accessdate= 1 November 2014}}</ref>","char_index":295,"name":"fussballdaten1011","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151736,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:10.148118-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten1011\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2010/2011 |accessdate= 1 November 2014}}</ref>","char_index":421,"name":"fussballdaten1011","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151736,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:10.148118-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"immer\">{{cite web|url=http://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.fc-bayern-mueller-spielt-immer-nimmer.36bf05b5-9f65-4592-a123-8f1090078a85.html|title=\"Müller spielt immer\"? 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Müller bermain di setiap pertandingan di paruh awal musim dan biasanya bermain sebagai pemain lini utama, tetapi saat tim berjuang untuk memeroleh hasil yang terbaik, Müller tidak mampu mencapai perolehan gol pada musim sebelumnya, dicadangkan, dan bahkan menerima cacian dari Louis van Gaal setelah kehilangan peluang mudah dalam kekalahan 2–0 dari 1. FC Kaiserslautern pada bulan Agustus. Namun, dia tetap filosofis mengenai keadaannya, dan setelah delapan pertandingan liga tanpa gol, dia mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Eintracht Frankfurt pada 27 November;","translated_text":"Two weeks later he scored the opening goal for Bayern in a 2 ⁇ 1 home win over VfL Wolfsburg. Müller played in every game in the first half of the season and usually played as a first-row forward, but as the team struggled to get the best results, Müller was unable to reach the goalscoring record in the previous season, being booked, and even receiving a nod from Louis van Gaal after losing an easy opportunity in a 2 ⁇ 0 defeat to 1. However, he remained philosophical about his situation, and after eight league games without a goal, he scored in a 4 ⁇ 1 win over Eintracht Frankfurt on 27 November;","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2010review\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=28 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|title=Müller’s marvellous year|language=en|archivedate=2 Januari 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102075422/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php}}</ref>","char_index":550,"name":"2010review","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:13.526011-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"2010review\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=28 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|title=Müller’s marvellous year|language=en|archivedate=2 Januari 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102075422/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php}}</ref>","char_index":550,"name":"2010review","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:13.526011-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/14/1013356/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_eintracht-frankfurt-32.html|title=Müller nutzt Nikolovs Patzer|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|date=27 November 2010|work=kicker|language=de|trans-title=Müller memanfaatkan blunder Nikolov}}</ref>","char_index":680,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/14/1013356/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_eintracht-frankfurt-32.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":232224,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:13.736047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90283203125}]},{"text":"Müller bermain di setiap pertandingan di paruh awal musim dan biasanya bermain sebagai pemain lini utama, tetapi saat tim berjuang untuk memeroleh hasil yang terbaik, Müller tidak mampu mencapai perolehan gol pada musim sebelumnya, dicadangkan, dan bahkan menerima cacian dari Louis van Gaal setelah kehilangan peluang mudah dalam kekalahan 2–0 dari 1. FC Kaiserslautern pada bulan Agustus. Namun, dia tetap filosofis mengenai keadaannya, dan setelah delapan pertandingan liga tanpa gol, dia mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Eintracht Frankfurt pada 27 November; Dia melanjutkannya dengan mencetak gol dalam pertandingan Bundesliga dan DFB-Pokal melawan VfB Stuttgart tiga pekan kemudian.","translated_text":"Müller played in every game in the first half of the season and usually played as a first-row forward, but as the team struggled to get the best results, Müller was unable to reach the goalscoring record in the previous season, being booked, and even receiving a nod from Louis van Gaal after losing an easy opportunity in a 2 ⁇ 0 defeat to 1. However, he remained philosophical about his situation, and after eight league games without a goal, he scored in a 4 ⁇ 1 win over Eintracht Frankfurt on 27 November; He followed that up by scoring in the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal matches against VfB Stuttgart three weeks later.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/17/1013386/spielanalyse_vfb-stuttgart-11_bayern-muenchen-14.html|work=kicker|title=Gomez und Müller als kongeniales Duo|date=19 Desember 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|language=de|trans-title=Gomez dan Müller – pasangan yang cocok}}</ref>","char_index":694,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/17/1013386/spielanalyse_vfb-stuttgart-11_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":240503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.973453-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9033203125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2010-11/3/1123293/spielanalyse_vfb-stuttgart-11_bayern-muenchen-14.html|work=kicker|title=Rasse, Klasse und erneut Tore satt in Stuttgart|date=22 Desember 2010|accessdate=29 Juli 2011|language=de|trans-title=Laju, kelas dan lebih banyak gol dalam satu pertandingan di Stuttgart}}</ref>","char_index":694,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2010-11/3/1123293/spielanalyse_vfb-stuttgart-11_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":237428,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:20.004730-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9013671875}]},{"text":"Namun, dia tetap filosofis mengenai keadaannya, dan setelah delapan pertandingan liga tanpa gol, dia mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Eintracht Frankfurt pada 27 November; Dia melanjutkannya dengan mencetak gol dalam pertandingan Bundesliga dan DFB-Pokal melawan VfB Stuttgart tiga pekan kemudian. Gol tersebut menambah jumlah gol yang dicetaknya menjadi delapan gol di semua kompetisi, termasuk gol spektakuler yang memulai penambahan skor pada kemenangan dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan A.S. Roma pada 15 September.","translated_text":"However, he remained philosophical about his situation, and after eight league games without a goal, he scored in a 4 ⁇ 1 win over Eintracht Frankfurt on 27 November; He followed that up by scoring in the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal matches against VfB Stuttgart three weeks later. The goal added to his total of eight goals in all competitions, including the spectacular goal that started the scoring on victory in the Champions League match against U.S. Roma on 15 September.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten1011\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de | language = de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2010/2011 |accessdate= 1 November 2014}}</ref>","char_index":392,"name":"fussballdaten1011","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151736,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:10.148118-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":533,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php|title=Van Gaal thrilled by Müller’s textbook strike|publisher=FC Bayern München|accessdate=19 Desember 2010|date=16 September 2010|language=en|archivedate=19 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919150755/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php}}</ref>","char_index":533,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.497581-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php|title=Van Gaal thrilled by Müller’s textbook strike|publisher=FC Bayern München|accessdate=19 Desember 2010|date=16 September 2010|language=en|archivedate=19 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919150755/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php}}</ref>","char_index":533,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100919150755/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/25411.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.703631-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat tim sedang menikmati jeda musim dingin, Müller merenungkan hal yang dia bayangkan sebagai \"tahun pertama yang hampir luar biasa sebagai seorang pemain profesional.\"","translated_text":"While the team was enjoying a winter break, Müller reflected on what he envisioned as \"an almost extraordinary first year as a professional player\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2010review\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=28 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|title=Müller’s marvellous year|language=en|archivedate=2 Januari 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102075422/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php}}</ref>","char_index":169,"name":"2010review","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:13.526011-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat tim sedang menikmati jeda musim dingin, Müller merenungkan hal yang dia bayangkan sebagai \"tahun pertama yang hampir luar biasa sebagai seorang pemain profesional.\" Müller memulai paruh kedua musim dengan baik, tetapi terlibat pertengkaran dengan rekan setim Arjen Robben, yang kesal saat Müller memperlihatkan ketidakpuasannya pada tendangan bebas yang dimanfaatkan Robben dengan buruk saat pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan 3–1 atas Werder Bremen.","translated_text":"While the team was enjoying a winter break, Müller reflected on what he envisioned as \"an almost extraordinary first year as a professional player\". Müller started the second half of the season well, but was involved in a quarrel with teammate Arjen Robben, who was upset when Müller showed his dissatisfaction with the free kick that Robben exploited poorly during the match that ended in a 3 ⁇ 1 win over Werder Bremen.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739|title=Robben hits out at Muller|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=30 Januari 2011|accessdate=31 Januari 2011|language=en|archive-date=2011-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202231626/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":458,"name":null,"url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.773127-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739|title=Robben hits out at Muller|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=30 Januari 2011|accessdate=31 Januari 2011|language=en|archive-date=2011-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202231626/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":458,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110202231626/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/873168/arjen-robben-hits-out-at-thomas-muller-following-bayern-row?cc=5739","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.793738-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat tim sedang menikmati jeda musim dingin, Müller merenungkan hal yang dia bayangkan sebagai \"tahun pertama yang hampir luar biasa sebagai seorang pemain profesional.\" Müller memulai paruh kedua musim dengan baik, tetapi terlibat pertengkaran dengan rekan setim Arjen Robben, yang kesal saat Müller memperlihatkan ketidakpuasannya pada tendangan bebas yang dimanfaatkan Robben dengan buruk saat pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan 3–1 atas Werder Bremen. Müller kembali bermain di setiap pertandingan di sepanjang musim dan mencetak 19 gol (12 di antaranya pada liga domestik), tetapi musim ini berakhir dengan kurang sukses bagi Bayern, yang mengakhiri musim di posisi ketiga, tersingkir di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal oleh Schalke 04, serta dalam pertandingan babak 16 besar Liga Champions UEFA melawan Inter Milan;","translated_text":"While the team was enjoying a winter break, Müller reflected on what he envisioned as \"an almost extraordinary first year as a professional player\". Müller started the second half of the season well, but was involved in a quarrel with teammate Arjen Robben, who was upset when Müller showed his dissatisfaction with the free kick that Robben exploited poorly during the match that ended in a 3 ⁇ 1 win over Werder Bremen. Müller returned to play in every game throughout the season and scored 19 goals (12 of them in the domestic league), but the season ended less successful for Bayern, who finished the season in third place, being eliminated in the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal by Schalke 04, as well as in the UEFA Champions League round of 16 against Inter Milan;","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2010–2011 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2010-11/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":523,"name":"2010–2011 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2010-11/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.863069-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.espnfc.com/player/123465/thomas-muller?season | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = ESPN FC | accessdate = 20 Juni 2014 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":581,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espnfc.com/player/123465/thomas-muller?season","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:25.657354-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/spieltag.html|title=1. Bundesliga: Spielpaarungen, Tabelle und Ergebnisse der Saison 2010/11 am 34. Spieltag|work=kicker|date=14 Mei 2011|accessdate=18 Mei 2011|language=de|trans-title=Bundesliga: jadwal, klasemen dan hasil pertandingan musim 2010–2011 pada ''Spieltag'' ke-34}}</ref>","char_index":681,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/spieltag.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":284108,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:25.797691-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0977783203125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2010-11/5/1129750/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-schalke-04-2.html|title=Raul trifft einmal, Neuer hält alles – Bayern k.o.|work=kicker|language=de|date=2 Maret 2011|accessdate=18 Mei 2011|trans-title=Satu gol dari Raul, dan Neuer tak tertandingi: Bayern tersingkir}}</ref>","char_index":739,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2010-11/5/1129750/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-schalke-04-2.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198416,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:27.162538-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90185546875}]},{"text":"Müller memulai paruh kedua musim dengan baik, tetapi terlibat pertengkaran dengan rekan setim Arjen Robben, yang kesal saat Müller memperlihatkan ketidakpuasannya pada tendangan bebas yang dimanfaatkan Robben dengan buruk saat pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan 3–1 atas Werder Bremen. Müller kembali bermain di setiap pertandingan di sepanjang musim dan mencetak 19 gol (12 di antaranya pada liga domestik), tetapi musim ini berakhir dengan kurang sukses bagi Bayern, yang mengakhiri musim di posisi ketiga, tersingkir di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal oleh Schalke 04, serta dalam pertandingan babak 16 besar Liga Champions UEFA melawan Inter Milan; Bayern menang 1–0 di San Siro, dan Müller mencetak gol di leg kedua untuk memperlebar skor agregat 3–1, tetapi Inter mengimbangkan skor menjadi 3–3 pada menit ke-88 sehingga lolos berkat peraturan gol tandang.","translated_text":"Müller started the second half of the season well, but was involved in a quarrel with teammate Arjen Robben, who was upset when Müller showed his dissatisfaction with the free kick that Robben exploited poorly during the match that ended in a 3 ⁇ 1 win over Werder Bremen. Müller returned to play in every game throughout the season and scored 19 goals (12 of them in the domestic league), but the season ended less successful for Bayern, who finished the season in third place, being eliminated in the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal by Schalke 04, as well as in the UEFA Champions League round of 16 against Inter Milan; Bayern won 1 ⁇ 0 at the San Siro, and Müller scored in the second leg to extend the aggregate score to 3 ⁇ 1, but Inter balanced the score to 3 ⁇ 3 in the 88th minute and qualified thanks to the away goals rule.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/15/bayern-munich-internazionale-champions-league|title=Goran Pandev strikes late as Inter leave Bayern Munich devastated again|accessdate=18 Mei 2011|date=15 Maret 2011| work = The Guardian |author=Nesha Starcevic |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":860,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/mar/15/bayern-munich-internazionale-champions-league","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":278558,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:30.411381-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9296875}]},{"text":"Müller kembali bermain di setiap pertandingan di sepanjang musim dan mencetak 19 gol (12 di antaranya pada liga domestik), tetapi musim ini berakhir dengan kurang sukses bagi Bayern, yang mengakhiri musim di posisi ketiga, tersingkir di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal oleh Schalke 04, serta dalam pertandingan babak 16 besar Liga Champions UEFA melawan Inter Milan; Bayern menang 1–0 di San Siro, dan Müller mencetak gol di leg kedua untuk memperlebar skor agregat 3–1, tetapi Inter mengimbangkan skor menjadi 3–3 pada menit ke-88 sehingga lolos berkat peraturan gol tandang. Louis van Gaal semakin dikritik karena kekakuannya dalam kebijakan taktis, transfer, dan pemilihan pemain; sehingga dia kehilangan pekerjaannya dan digantikan oleh Jupp Heynckes.","translated_text":"Müller returned to play in every game throughout the season and scored 19 goals (12 of them in the domestic league), but the season ended less successful for Bayern, who finished the season in third place, being eliminated in the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal by Schalke 04, as well as in the UEFA Champions League round of 16 against Inter Milan; Bayern won 1 ⁇ 0 at the San Siro, and Müller scored in the second leg to extend the aggregate score to 3 ⁇ 1, but Inter balanced the score to 3 ⁇ 3 in the 88th minute and qualified thanks to the away goals rule. Louis van Gaal was increasingly criticized for his power in tactical policy, transfers, and player selection; so he lost his job and was replaced by Jupp Heynckes.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html|title=Van Gaal's failings were many | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein |date=14 April 2011|accessdate=28 Agustus 2011|publisher=Sports Illustrated|language=en|archivedate=18 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418110244/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":678,"name":null,"url":"http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:30.650911-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html|title=Van Gaal's failings were many | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein |date=14 April 2011|accessdate=28 Agustus 2011|publisher=Sports Illustrated|language=en|archivedate=18 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418110244/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":678,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110418110244/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/raphael_honigstein/04/14/vangaal.bayern/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:30.658904-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/10/louis-van-gaal-bayern-munich|title=Louis van Gaal sacked by Bayern Munich| work = The Guardian |accessdate=18 Mei 2011|date=10 April 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":750,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/apr/10/louis-van-gaal-bayern-munich","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":264260,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:30.727225-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.94091796875}]},{"text":"Pada pertandingan pertama di DFB-Pokal Müller terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik setelah dua tendangan penalti dikonversi menjadi gol oleh Mario Gómez dan Bastian Schweinsteiger, Müller kemudian menambahkan gol ketiga di babak pamungkas untuk mengamankan kemenangan 3–0 atas Eintracht Braunschweig.","translated_text":"In the first match in the DFB-Pokal Müller was voted the best player after two penalty kicks were converted into goals by Mario Gómez and Bastian Schweinsteiger, Müller then added a third goal in the final round to secure a 3 ⁇ 0 win over Eintracht Braunschweig.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/1/1140230/spielbericht_eintracht-braunschweig-41_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Müller bestraft Braunschweiger Ungeschicktheit | language = de | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 1 Agustus 2011}}</ref>","char_index":295,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/1/1140230/spielbericht_eintracht-braunschweig-41_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":191658,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:30.942019-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91015625}]},{"text":"Perlu lima pertandingan bagi Müller untuk mencetak gol pertama di Bundesliga musim ini; ke gawang Schalke 04 dalam kemenangan 2–0 bagi Bayern. Müller kemudian mencetak gol dalam pertandingan kandang berikutnya sepanjang babak pertama pertandingan, yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0. Pada 26 November 2011, Müller mencetak gol pembuka di paruh awal pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan Bayern 6–0 atas FC Ingolstadt, memberikannya gol kedua dalam DFB-Pokal.","translated_text":"It took five games for Müller to score his first goal in the Bundesliga this season; to Schalke's 04 in a 2 ⁇ 0 win for Bayern. Müller then scored in the next home match throughout the first half of the match, which ended in a 3 ⁇ 0 victory. On 26 November 2011, Müller scored the opening goal in the opening half of the match that ended in Bayern's 6 ⁇ 0 victory over FC Ingolstadt, giving him his second goal in the DFB-Pokal.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/2/1260356/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-ingolstadt-04-7659.html | title = Pechvogel Pisot öffnet den Bayern das Tor | language = de | publisher = kicker.de | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 26 November 2011}}</ref>","char_index":459,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2011-12/2/1260356/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-ingolstadt-04-7659.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":194039,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:33.456849-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90087890625}]},{"text":"Müller kemudian mencetak gol dalam pertandingan kandang berikutnya sepanjang babak pertama pertandingan, yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0. Pada 26 November 2011, Müller mencetak gol pembuka di paruh awal pertandingan yang berakhir kemenangan Bayern 6–0 atas FC Ingolstadt, memberikannya gol kedua dalam DFB-Pokal. Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan FIFA Ballon d'Or tahun ini.","translated_text":"Müller then scored in the next home match throughout the first half of the match, which ended in a 3 ⁇ 0 victory. On 26 November 2011, Müller scored the opening goal in the opening half of the match that ended in Bayern's 6 ⁇ 0 victory over FC Ingolstadt, giving him his second goal in the DFB-Pokal. Müller has been shortlisted for this year's FIFA Ballon d'Or.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html | title = Men’s shortlists for FIFA Ballon d’Or Gala 2011 revealed | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 1 November 2011 | language = en | archivedate = 3 November 2011 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111103190930/https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":401,"name":null,"url":"https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:35.955399-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html | title = Men’s shortlists for FIFA Ballon d’Or Gala 2011 revealed | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate =4 Januari 2012 | date = 1 November 2011 | language = en | archivedate = 3 November 2011 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111103190930/https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":401,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111103190930/https://www.fifa.com/ballondor/media/newsid=1535258/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:35.995493-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 10 dan 15 Januari 2012, dalam pertandingan persahabatan yang dilakoni oleh Bayern, Müller mencetak tiga gol dalam dua pertandingan, dua di antaranya dalam pertandingan melawan tim nasional India (yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 bagi Bayern) dan satu gol dalam kemenangan berikutnya dengan skor 4–0 atas Rot-Weiß Erfurt.","translated_text":"On 10 and 15 January 2012, in a friendly match hosted by Bayern, Müller scored three goals in two matches, two of them in a match against the Indian national team (which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory for Bayern) and one goal in the subsequent victory with a score of 4 ⁇ 0 over Rot-Weiß Erfurt.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33006.php?fcb_sid=5212e2fd9b807008ab856a15fe2d41b9 | title = Brace for Müller as FCB ease past India | publisher = FC Bayern München | accessdate =16 Januari 2012 | date = 10 Januari 2012 | language = en | archivedate = 25 Juli 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130725132655/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33006.php?fcb_sid=5212e2fd9b807008ab856a15fe2d41b9}}</ref>","char_index":249,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33006.php?fcb_sid=5212e2fd9b807008ab856a15fe2d41b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:36.341294-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33051.php | title = FCB ease past Erfurt in perfect final warm-up | publisher = FC Bayern München | accessdate =16 Januari 2012 | date = 15 Januari 2012 | language = en | archivedate = 19 Januari 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120119005920/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33051.php}}</ref>","char_index":328,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120119005920/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/matchreport/2012/33051.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:36.536699-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 10 dan 15 Januari 2012, dalam pertandingan persahabatan yang dilakoni oleh Bayern, Müller mencetak tiga gol dalam dua pertandingan, dua di antaranya dalam pertandingan melawan tim nasional India (yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 bagi Bayern) dan satu gol dalam kemenangan berikutnya dengan skor 4–0 atas Rot-Weiß Erfurt. Müller memberikan dua assist dalam kemenangan Bayern atas VfB Stuttgart dalam DFB-Pokal. Pada 11 Februari, Bayern menghadapi 1. FC Kaiserslautern dan Müller mengakhiri masa tanpa gol yang berlangsung sejak 24 September 2011 melalui sundulan kepala dalam kemenangan 2–0.","translated_text":"On 10 and 15 January 2012, in a friendly match hosted by Bayern, Müller scored three goals in two matches, two of them in a match against the Indian national team (which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory for Bayern) and one goal in the subsequent victory with a score of 4 ⁇ 0 over Rot-Weiß Erfurt. Müller provided two assists in Bayern's victory over VfB Stuttgart in the DFB-Pokal. On 11 February, Bayern faced 1st FC Kaiserslautern and Müller ended a goalless period that lasted from 24 September 2011 through a head-to-head draw in a 2-0 victory.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.merkur-online.de/sport/fc-bayern/spassvogel-mueller-war-selbst-ueberrascht-1597961.html | title = Müller: Erst Torschütze, dann Spaßvogel | publisher = merkur-online.de | accessdate =17 Februari 2012 | date = 12 Februari 2012 | language = de}}</ref>","char_index":598,"name":null,"url":"http://www.merkur-online.de/sport/fc-bayern/spassvogel-mueller-war-selbst-ueberrascht-1597961.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153213,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:36.605624-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9150390625}]},{"text":"Müller memberikan dua assist dalam kemenangan Bayern atas VfB Stuttgart dalam DFB-Pokal. Pada 11 Februari, Bayern menghadapi 1. FC Kaiserslautern dan Müller mengakhiri masa tanpa gol yang berlangsung sejak 24 September 2011 melalui sundulan kepala dalam kemenangan 2–0. Pada 31 Maret, Müller memainkan pertandingan keseratusnya di Bundesliga saat menghadapi 1. FC Nürnberg.","translated_text":"Müller provided two assists in Bayern's victory over VfB Stuttgart in the DFB-Pokal. On 11 February, Bayern faced 1st FC Kaiserslautern and Müller ended a goalless period that lasted from 24 September 2011 through a head-to-head draw in a 2-0 victory. On 31 March, Müller played his 100th Bundesliga match against 1. FC Nürnberg.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php | title = Lahm und Müller jubilieren | trans-title = Lahm dan Müller merayakan kemenangan | language = de |date=31 Maret 2012 |publisher=FC Bayern München | accessdate=31 Maret 2012 | archivedate = 3 April 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403041811/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php}}</ref>","char_index":373,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:37.863622-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php | title = Lahm und Müller jubilieren | trans-title = Lahm dan Müller merayakan kemenangan | language = de |date=31 Maret 2012 |publisher=FC Bayern München | accessdate=31 Maret 2012 | archivedate = 3 April 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403041811/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php}}</ref>","char_index":373,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120403041811/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/de/aktuell/news/2012/34226.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.071710-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia digantikan beberapa saat setelahnya. Akan tetapi, Bayern München kalah dalam pertandingan final melalui adu penalti. Müller menyatakan ketidakpuasannya atas waktu yang terbuang saat duduk di bangku cadangan.","translated_text":"He was replaced a moment later. However, Bayern Munich lost the final match on penalties. Müller expressed his dissatisfaction with the time spent sitting on the bench.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Muellerdissatisfied>{{cite news|title=Teams alerted as Muller reveals Bayern anger|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html|accessdate=9 Juni 2012|newspaper=ESPN (UK)|date=8 Juni 2012|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824064426/http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"Muellerdissatisfied","url":"http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.140906-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=Muellerdissatisfied>{{cite news|title=Teams alerted as Muller reveals Bayern anger|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html|accessdate=9 Juni 2012|newspaper=ESPN (UK)|date=8 Juni 2012|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824064426/http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"Muellerdissatisfied","url":"http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.140906-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, Bayern München kalah dalam pertandingan final melalui adu penalti. Müller menyatakan ketidakpuasannya atas waktu yang terbuang saat duduk di bangku cadangan. Müller berkata bahwa meski dia tidak puas dia ingin bertahan di Bayern.","translated_text":"However, Bayern Munich lost the final match on penalties. Müller expressed his dissatisfaction with the time spent sitting on the bench. Müller said that although he was dissatisfied he wanted to stay at Bayern.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Muellerdissatisfied>{{cite news|title=Teams alerted as Muller reveals Bayern anger|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html|accessdate=9 Juni 2012|newspaper=ESPN (UK)|date=8 Juni 2012|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824064426/http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":242,"name":"Muellerdissatisfied","url":"http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/154396.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.140906-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller menyatakan ketidakpuasannya atas waktu yang terbuang saat duduk di bangku cadangan. Müller berkata bahwa meski dia tidak puas dia ingin bertahan di Bayern. Di sepanjang musim, Müller mencetak tujuh gol dalam 34 pertandingan liga, dua gol dalam lima pertandingan Piala Jerman, dan dua gol dalam 14 pertandingan Liga Champions.","translated_text":"Müller expressed his dissatisfaction with the time spent sitting on the bench. Müller said that although he was dissatisfied he wanted to stay at Bayern. Throughout the season, Müller scored seven goals in 34 league games, two goals in five German Cup games, and two goals in 14 Champions League games.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2011–2012 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2011-12/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":332,"name":"2011–2012 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2011-12/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.240887-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Gol pertama yang dicetak oleh Müller dalam Bundesliga musim ini terjadi saat menghadapi juara 2. Bundesliga musim lalu SpVgg Greuther Fürth yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0 untuk Bayern pada 27 Agustus 2012.","translated_text":"Müller's first Bundesliga goal of the season came against 2nd Bundesliga champion SpVgg Greuther Fürth last season which ended in a 3 ⁇ 0 victory for Bayern on 27 August 2012.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php |title=Bayern can 'only get better' |publisher=Bundesliga |date=27 Agustus 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005927/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php |archivedate=7 Juni 2014 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":915,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.551819-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php |title=Bayern can 'only get better' |publisher=Bundesliga |date=27 Agustus 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005927/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php |archivedate=7 Juni 2014 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005927/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000220346.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.579023-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gol pertama yang dicetak oleh Müller dalam Bundesliga musim ini terjadi saat menghadapi juara 2. Bundesliga musim lalu SpVgg Greuther Fürth yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0 untuk Bayern pada 27 Agustus 2012. Pada 2 September, dia mencetak dua gol saat mengalahkan VfB Stuttgart dengan skor akhir 6–1 di hadapan 71.000 penonton di Allianz Arena yang baru saja diperluas.","translated_text":"Müller's first Bundesliga goal of the season came against 2nd Bundesliga champion SpVgg Greuther Fürth last season which ended in a 3 ⁇ 0 victory for Bayern on 27 August 2012. On 2 September, he scored two goals in a victory over VfB Stuttgart with a final score of 6 ⁇ 1 in front of 71,000 spectators at the newly expanded Allianz Arena.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/ |title=Bayern München 6 – 1 Stuttgart – Heynckes’ Team Again Dominant |publisher=Bundesliga Fanatic |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Gerry |last=Wittmann |language=en |archive-date=2013-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117155251/http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":372,"name":null,"url":"http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":168905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:38.647880-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1334228515625},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/ |title=Bayern München 6 – 1 Stuttgart – Heynckes’ Team Again Dominant |publisher=Bundesliga Fanatic |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Gerry |last=Wittmann |language=en |archive-date=2013-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117155251/http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":372,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130117155251/http://bundesligafanatic.com/bayern-munchen-6-1-stuttgart-heynckes-team-again-dominant/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.074492-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php |title=Bayern hit Stuttgart for six |publisher=Bundesliga |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Christopher |last=Mayer-Lodge |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005810/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php |archivedate=7 Juni 2014 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":372,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":915,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.144490-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php |title=Bayern hit Stuttgart for six |publisher=Bundesliga |date=2 September 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Christopher |last=Mayer-Lodge |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005810/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php |archivedate=7 Juni 2014 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":372,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005810/http://www.bundesliga.com/en/liga/news/2012/0000221282.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.164725-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gol pertama yang dicetak oleh Müller dalam Bundesliga musim ini terjadi saat menghadapi juara 2. Bundesliga musim lalu SpVgg Greuther Fürth yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 3–0 untuk Bayern pada 27 Agustus 2012. Pada 2 September, dia mencetak dua gol saat mengalahkan VfB Stuttgart dengan skor akhir 6–1 di hadapan 71.000 penonton di Allianz Arena yang baru saja diperluas. Müller membantu Bayern memecahkan rekor di awal musim, saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf pada tanggal 20 Oktober dalam kemenangan 5–0, menorehkan delapan kemenangan beruntun bagi Bayern.","translated_text":"Müller's first Bundesliga goal of the season came against 2nd Bundesliga champion SpVgg Greuther Fürth last season which ended in a 3 ⁇ 0 victory for Bayern on 27 August 2012. On 2 September, he scored two goals in a victory over VfB Stuttgart with a final score of 6 ⁇ 1 in front of 71,000 spectators at the newly expanded Allianz Arena. Müller helped Bayern break the record at the start of the season, when he scored two goals against Fortuna Düsseldorf on 20 October in a 5-0 win, tying for eight consecutive victories for Bayern.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=346334&cc=5901 |title=Bayern continue perfect start |publisher=ESPN FC |date=20 Oktober 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":580,"name":null,"url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=346334&cc=5901","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.231939-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 2 September, dia mencetak dua gol saat mengalahkan VfB Stuttgart dengan skor akhir 6–1 di hadapan 71.000 penonton di Allianz Arena yang baru saja diperluas. Müller membantu Bayern memecahkan rekor di awal musim, saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf pada tanggal 20 Oktober dalam kemenangan 5–0, menorehkan delapan kemenangan beruntun bagi Bayern. Tiga hari kemudian, dia mencetak gol pertama di Liga Champions musim ini dari titik penalti saat Bayern mengalahkan Lille 1–0 di Grand Stade Lille Métropole yang baru saja dibangun.","translated_text":"On 2 September, he scored two goals in a victory over VfB Stuttgart with a final score of 6 ⁇ 1 in front of 71,000 spectators at the newly expanded Allianz Arena. Müller helped Bayern break the record at the start of the season, when he scored two goals against Fortuna Düsseldorf on 20 October in a 5-0 win, tying for eight consecutive victories for Bayern. Three days later, he scored his first goal in the Champions League this season from the penalty spot as Bayern defeated Lille 1 ⁇ 0 at the newly built Grand Stade Lille Métropole.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html#bayern+overcome+losc |title=Müller spot kick secures victory for Bayern |publisher=UEFA |date=23 Oktober 2012 | accessdate = 19 Desember 2012 | first = Chris | last = Burke | language = en | archivedate = 26 Oktober 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026154817/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":551,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":505,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.251349-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html#bayern+overcome+losc |title=Müller spot kick secures victory for Bayern |publisher=UEFA |date=23 Oktober 2012 | accessdate = 19 Desember 2012 | first = Chris | last = Burke | language = en | archivedate = 26 Oktober 2012 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026154817/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":551,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121026154817/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000347/match=2009531/postmatch/report/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.283913-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 13 Desember, setelah menjalani paruh awal musim Bundesliga dengan baik, Müller menjanjikan kesetiaannya dengan menyatakan bahwa dia merasa München bagaikan tempat tinggalnya dan bahwa, \"Tidak ada klub yang berkembang jika Anda meninggalkan FC Bayern... hampir tidak ada klub yang lebih baik.\"","translated_text":"On 13 December, after enjoying a good first half of the Bundesliga season, Müller pledged his loyalty by stating that he felt Munich was his home and that, \"No club thrives if you leave FC Bayern... hardly any club is better\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Pinnacle\">{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1261967/thomas-muller:-bayern-munich-the-pinnacle?cc=5901 |title=Muller: Bayern the pinnacle |publisher=ESPN FC |date=13 Desember 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Stephan |last=Uersfeld |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":297,"name":"Pinnacle","url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1261967/thomas-muller:-bayern-munich-the-pinnacle?cc=5901","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.352972-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 13 Desember, setelah menjalani paruh awal musim Bundesliga dengan baik, Müller menjanjikan kesetiaannya dengan menyatakan bahwa dia merasa München bagaikan tempat tinggalnya dan bahwa, \"Tidak ada klub yang berkembang jika Anda meninggalkan FC Bayern... hampir tidak ada klub yang lebih baik.\" Enam hari kemudian, dia menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak dua tahun, yang membuatnya bertahan di Allianz Arena hingga 2017.","translated_text":"On 13 December, after enjoying a good first half of the Bundesliga season, Müller pledged his loyalty by stating that he felt Munich was his home and that, \"No club thrives if you leave FC Bayern... hardly any club is better\". Six days later, he signed a two-year contract extension, which kept him at the Allianz Arena until 2017.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1270008/thomas-muller-inks-new-deal-at-bayern-munich?cc=5901 |title=Muller inks new deal at Bayern |publisher=ESPN FC |date=19 Desember 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Stephan |last=Uersfeld |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":423,"name":null,"url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1270008/thomas-muller-inks-new-deal-at-bayern-munich?cc=5901","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.358314-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 13 Desember, setelah menjalani paruh awal musim Bundesliga dengan baik, Müller menjanjikan kesetiaannya dengan menyatakan bahwa dia merasa München bagaikan tempat tinggalnya dan bahwa, \"Tidak ada klub yang berkembang jika Anda meninggalkan FC Bayern... hampir tidak ada klub yang lebih baik.\" Enam hari kemudian, dia menandatangani perpanjangan kontrak dua tahun, yang membuatnya bertahan di Allianz Arena hingga 2017. Pada jeda musim dingin Bundesliga, dia telah mencetak sembilan gol dan memberikan tujuh assist dalam 16 penampilan di liga dan tiga gol tambahan di Liga Champions; hal ini memberikannya total 13 gol pada sepanjang paruh awal musim, termasuk gol yang dia ciptakan saat melawan Borussia Dortmund dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang berakhir kemenangan bagi Bayern.","translated_text":"On 13 December, after enjoying a good first half of the Bundesliga season, Müller pledged his loyalty by stating that he felt Munich was his home and that, \"No club thrives if you leave FC Bayern... hardly any club is better\". Six days later, he signed a two-year contract extension, which kept him at the Allianz Arena until 2017. At the Bundesliga winter break, he had scored nine goals and provided seven assists in 16 league appearances and three extra goals in the Champions League; this gave him a total of 13 goals throughout the first half of the season, including the goal he scored against Borussia Dortmund in the 2012 DFL-Supercup match that ended in victory for Bayern.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Pinnacle\">{{cite web |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1261967/thomas-muller:-bayern-munich-the-pinnacle?cc=5901 |title=Muller: Bayern the pinnacle |publisher=ESPN FC |date=13 Desember 2012 |accessdate=19 Desember 2012 |first=Stephan |last=Uersfeld |language=en }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>","char_index":587,"name":"Pinnacle","url":"http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1261967/thomas-muller:-bayern-munich-the-pinnacle?cc=5901","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.352972-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada jeda musim dingin Bundesliga, dia telah mencetak sembilan gol dan memberikan tujuh assist dalam 16 penampilan di liga dan tiga gol tambahan di Liga Champions; hal ini memberikannya total 13 gol pada sepanjang paruh awal musim, termasuk gol yang dia ciptakan saat melawan Borussia Dortmund dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang berakhir kemenangan bagi Bayern. Müller kembali mencetak gol setelah jeda musim dingin saat menghadapi VfB Stuttgart dengan kemenangan tandang 2–0. Müller mencetak gol kelimanya di Liga Champions pada 2 April 2013, melengkapi kekalahan Juventus di leg pertama dengan skor 2–0 sekaligus mengakhiri rekor tak terkalahkan oleh klub Italia setelah 18 pertandingan di Eropa.","translated_text":"At the Bundesliga winter break, he had scored nine goals and provided seven assists in 16 league appearances and three extra goals in the Champions League; this gave him a total of 13 goals throughout the first half of the season, including the goal he scored against Borussia Dortmund in the 2012 DFL-Supercup match that ended in victory for Bayern. Müller scored again after a winter break against VfB Stuttgart in a 2-0 away win. Müller scored his fifth goal in the Champions League on 2 April 2013, completing Juventus' first leg defeat by 2 ⁇ 0 and ending an unbeaten record by the Italian club after 18 games in Europe.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html |title=Bayern take command against Juventus |publisher=UEFA |date=2 April 2013 | accessdate=2 April 2013 | first = Andy | last = James |language=en|archivedate=5 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405002334/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":705,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":505,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.367786-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html |title=Bayern take command against Juventus |publisher=UEFA |date=2 April 2013 | accessdate=2 April 2013 | first = Andy | last = James |language=en|archivedate=5 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405002334/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":705,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130405002334/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000349/match=2009603/postmatch/report/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.390101-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller kembali mencetak gol setelah jeda musim dingin saat menghadapi VfB Stuttgart dengan kemenangan tandang 2–0. Müller mencetak gol kelimanya di Liga Champions pada 2 April 2013, melengkapi kekalahan Juventus di leg pertama dengan skor 2–0 sekaligus mengakhiri rekor tak terkalahkan oleh klub Italia setelah 18 pertandingan di Eropa. Pada 23 April, Müller mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu assist dalam kemenangan 4–0 atas Barcelona pada pertandingan semi-final Liga Champions di Allianz Arena.","translated_text":"Müller scored again after a winter break against VfB Stuttgart in a 2-0 away win. Müller scored his fifth goal in the Champions League on 2 April 2013, completing Juventus' first leg defeat by 2 ⁇ 0 and ending an unbeaten record by the Italian club after 18 games in Europe. On 23 April, Müller scored two goals and provided one assist in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory over Barcelona in the Champions League semi-final at the Allianz Arena.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2313719/Bayern-Munich-4-Barcelona-0--Match-report-Thomas-Muller-Mario-Gomez-Arjen-Robben-Bundesliga-advantage.html|title= Bayern Munich 4 Barcelona 0: Muller brace seals comfortable win as Messi and Co face uphill task to make Wembley final|date=23 April 2013|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=24 April 2013|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":497,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2313719/Bayern-Munich-4-Barcelona-0--Match-report-Thomas-Muller-Mario-Gomez-Arjen-Robben-Bundesliga-advantage.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":675486,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:40.458639-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.87841796875}]},{"text":"Müller mencetak gol kelimanya di Liga Champions pada 2 April 2013, melengkapi kekalahan Juventus di leg pertama dengan skor 2–0 sekaligus mengakhiri rekor tak terkalahkan oleh klub Italia setelah 18 pertandingan di Eropa. Pada 23 April, Müller mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu assist dalam kemenangan 4–0 atas Barcelona pada pertandingan semi-final Liga Champions di Allianz Arena. Pada pertandingan selanjutnya, Müller mencetak gol melalui sundulan kepala saat Bayern menang dengan skor 3–0 dan memberikan kekalahan terbesar bagi Barcelona di Liga Champions dengan skor agregat 7–0.","translated_text":"Müller scored his fifth goal in the Champions League on 2 April 2013, completing Juventus' first leg defeat by 2 ⁇ 0 and ending an unbeaten record by the Italian club after 18 games in Europe. On 23 April, Müller scored two goals and provided one assist in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory over Barcelona in the Champions League semi-final at the Allianz Arena. In the next match, Müller scored a goal through the top of the head as Bayern won by a score of 3 ⁇ 0 and gave Barcelona their biggest defeat in the Champions League by an aggregate score of 7 ⁇ 0.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html | title = Clinical Bayern complete Barcelona conquest | publisher = UEFA.com | date = 1 Mei 2013 | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | first = Graham | last = Hunter | language = en | archivedate = 5 Mei 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130505054730/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":584,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":505,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.000066-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html | title = Clinical Bayern complete Barcelona conquest | publisher = UEFA.com | date = 1 Mei 2013 | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | first = Graham | last = Hunter | language = en | archivedate = 5 Mei 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130505054730/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":584,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130505054730/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2013/matches/round=2000350/match=2009610/postmatch/report/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.031112-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada pertandingan selanjutnya, Müller mencetak gol melalui sundulan kepala saat Bayern menang dengan skor 3–0 dan memberikan kekalahan terbesar bagi Barcelona di Liga Champions dengan skor agregat 7–0. Müller kemudian memainkan peran penting dalam kemenangan Bayern 2–1 atas Borussia Dortmund pada pertandingan final. Pada 1 Juni, Müller mencetak gol melalui tendangan penalti pada pertandingan final DFB-Pokal 2012–2013.","translated_text":"In the next match, Müller scored a goal through the top of the head as Bayern won by a score of 3 ⁇ 0 and gave Barcelona their biggest defeat in the Champions League by an aggregate score of 7 ⁇ 0. Müller then played a key role in Bayern's 2 ⁇ 1 victory over Borussia Dortmund in the final. On 1 June, Müller scored a penalty kick in the final match of the 2012-2013 DFB-Pokal.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/match/106533/fc-bayern-m%C3%BCnchen-vs-vfb-stuttgart/report?ICID=OP | title = Bayern Munich 3–2 Stuttgart: Gomez at the double as Bavarians survive Schwaben fightback to complete treble | publisher = goal.com | date = 1 Juni 2013 | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | first = Enis | last = Koylu | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":421,"name":null,"url":"http://www.goal.com/en/match/106533/fc-bayern-m%C3%BCnchen-vs-vfb-stuttgart/report?ICID=OP","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":100008,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.099645-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10101318359375}]},{"text":"Pada 1 Juni, Müller mencetak gol melalui tendangan penalti pada pertandingan final DFB-Pokal 2012–2013. Bayern memenangkan DFB-Pokal dengan skor akhir 3–2 sekaligus melengkapi treble historis. Müller mencetak 23 gol di sepanjang musim (termasuk semua kompetisi), 13 di antaranya pada pertandingan Bundesliga, satu gol pada DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol impresif di Liga Champions, dia juga menambahkan satu pada pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang memberi kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern.","translated_text":"On 1 June, Müller scored a penalty kick in the final match of the 2012-2013 DFB-Pokal. Bayern won the DFB-Pokal with a final score of 3 ⁇ 2 while completing the historic treble. Müller scored 23 goals throughout the season (including all competitions), 13 of them in Bundesliga matches, one goal in the DFB-Pokal, and eight impressive goals in the Champions League, he also added one in the 2012 DFL-Supercup match giving Bayern a 2 ⁇ 1 win.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":308,"name":"2012–2013 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.632065-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":333,"name":"2012–2013 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.632065-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref name=\"2012–2013 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":377,"name":"2012–2013 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.632065-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = goal.com | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | language = en | archivedate = 2013-09-10 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130910104530/http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP | dead-url = no }}</ref>","char_index":480,"name":null,"url":"http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":100008,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:41.943913-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10101318359375},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = goal.com | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | language = en | archivedate = 2013-09-10 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130910104530/http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP | dead-url = no }}</ref>","char_index":480,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130910104530/http://www.goal.com/en/people/germany/21854/thomas-m%C3%BCller?ICID=OP","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:42.152375-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bayern memenangkan DFB-Pokal dengan skor akhir 3–2 sekaligus melengkapi treble historis. Müller mencetak 23 gol di sepanjang musim (termasuk semua kompetisi), 13 di antaranya pada pertandingan Bundesliga, satu gol pada DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol impresif di Liga Champions, dia juga menambahkan satu pada pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2012 yang memberi kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern. Musim ini menjadi musim dengan gol terbanyak yang dicetak oleh Müller pada saat itu.","translated_text":"Bayern won the DFB-Pokal with a final score of 3 ⁇ 2 while completing the historic treble. Müller scored 23 goals throughout the season (including all competitions), 13 of them in Bundesliga matches, one goal in the DFB-Pokal, and eight impressive goals in the Champions League, he also added one in the 2012 DFL-Supercup match giving Bayern a 2 ⁇ 1 win. This season was the season with the most goals scored by Müller at the time.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://espnfc.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-m%C3%BCller?cc=5739# | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = ESPN FC | accessdate = 7 Juni 2013 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":461,"name":null,"url":"http://espnfc.com/player/_/id/123465/thomas-m%C3%BCller?cc=5739","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:42.222053-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2013–2014 dengan mencetak beberapa gol dalam tujuh dari 12 pertandingan pra-musim yang dilakoni oleh Bayern. Pertandingan kompetitif pertamanya adalah pertandingan melawan Borussia Dortmund di DFL-Supercup.","translated_text":"Müller started the 2013-2014 season by scoring in seven of the 12 pre-season games played by Bayern. His first competitive match was against Borussia Dortmund in the DFL-Supercup.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Reus eröffnet und beendet den Torreigen\">{{cite news|title=Reus eröffnet und beendet den Torreigen|url=http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2013/1/1887827/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=27 Juli 2013|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":227,"name":"Reus eröffnet und beendet den Torreigen","url":"http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2013/1/1887827/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":199891,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:42.284029-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91259765625}]},{"text":"Beberapa saat kemudian, penyelamatan bola dari tendangan penalti mengibaskan tangan Álvaro Domínguez yang mengakibatkan tendangan penalti berikutnya yang berhasil dimanfaatkan David Alaba. Setelah pertandingan, Müller berkata, \"Saya masih senang melakukan tendangan penalti, tetapi saya pikir David Alaba adalah pemain terbaik dalam memanfaatkan tendangan titik untuk saat ini.\" Dia bermain dalam UEFA Super Cup.","translated_text":"A moment later, a save from a penalty kick left Álvaro Domínguez's hand paralyzed which resulted in a subsequent penalty kick that was successfully used by David Alaba. After the game, Müller said, \"I'm still happy to do the penalty kick, but I think David Alaba is the best player to take advantage of the point kick for the moment\". He plays in the UEFA Super Cup.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Neuer hält den Supercup fest\">{{cite news|title=Neuer hält den Supercup fest|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/uefa-supercup/2013/1/1887586/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-chelsea-505.html|accessdate=21 Februari 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=30 Agustus 2013|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":412,"name":"Neuer hält den Supercup fest","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/uefa-supercup/2013/1/1887586/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-chelsea-505.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":211037,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:46.351322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9140625}]},{"text":"Pada 28 September, Müller mencetak satu-satunya gol dalam kemenangan 1–0 atas VfL Wolfsburg, memberikannya gol pertama pada musim Bundesliga 2013–2014. Müller mencetak gol pertamanya di Liga Champions UEFA 2013–2014 dan Bayern mengalahkan Manchester City 3–1 di City of Manchester Stadium pada 2 Oktober. Dia bermain dalam suatu pertandingan di Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA.","translated_text":"On 28 September, Müller scored his only goal in a 1-0 victory over VfL Wolfsburg, giving him his first goal of the 2013-2014 Bundesliga season. Müller scored his first goal in the 2013-2014 UEFA Champions League and Bayern defeated Manchester City 3 ⁇ 1 at the City of Manchester Stadium on 2 October. He played in one match at the FIFA Club World Cup.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Thomas Müller » Club matches\">{{cite web|title=Thomas Müller » Club matches|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/thomas-mueller/2/|publisher=World Football|accessdate=25 November 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":372,"name":"Thomas Müller » Club matches","url":"http://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/thomas-mueller/2/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:51.033063-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 17 Mei 2014, Müller mencetak gol kedua bagi Bayern dalam pertandingan Final DFB-Pokal 2014 melawan Borussia Dortmund dengan skor akhir 2–0 setelah perpanjangan waktu, memberikan die Roten gelar double kesepuluh di liga dan piala domestik dalam sejarah klub.","translated_text":"On 17 May 2014, Müller scored his second goal for Bayern in the 2014 DFB-Pokal Final match against Borussia Dortmund with a final score of 2 ⁇ 0 after extra time, giving die Roten the tenth league and domestic cup double in the club's history.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2014/05/17/bayern-beats-dortmund-2-0-in-german-cup-final/9221529/|title=Bayern beats Dortmund 2–0 in German Cup final|date=17 Mei 2014|accessdate=18 Mei 2014|work=USA Today|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":262,"name":null,"url":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2014/05/17/bayern-beats-dortmund-2-0-in-german-cup-final/9221529/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":167985,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:01.159909-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92333984375}]},{"text":"Pada 17 Mei 2014, Müller mencetak gol kedua bagi Bayern dalam pertandingan Final DFB-Pokal 2014 melawan Borussia Dortmund dengan skor akhir 2–0 setelah perpanjangan waktu, memberikan die Roten gelar double kesepuluh di liga dan piala domestik dalam sejarah klub. Müller menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak dalam turnamen dengan delapan gol dalam lima penampilan.","translated_text":"On 17 May 2014, Müller scored his second goal for Bayern in the 2014 DFB-Pokal Final match against Borussia Dortmund with a final score of 2 ⁇ 0 after extra time, giving die Roten the tenth league and domestic cup double in the club's history. Müller became the tournament's top scorer with eight goals in five appearances.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html|title=Die Statistiken zum DFB-Pokalfinale 2014|date=18 Mei 2014|accessdate=18 Mei 2014|language=de|work=Deutscher Fußball-Bund|archivedate=26 Mei 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526182855/https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html}}</ref>","char_index":357,"name":null,"url":"https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":11673,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:01.504019-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (47 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html|title=Die Statistiken zum DFB-Pokalfinale 2014|date=18 Mei 2014|accessdate=18 Mei 2014|language=de|work=Deutscher Fußball-Bund|archivedate=26 Mei 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526182855/https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html}}</ref>","char_index":357,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140526182855/https://www.dfb.de/news/de/d-dfb-pokal/die-statistiken-zum-dfb-pokalfinale-2014/58477.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:02.029933-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 17 Mei 2014, Müller mencetak gol kedua bagi Bayern dalam pertandingan Final DFB-Pokal 2014 melawan Borussia Dortmund dengan skor akhir 2–0 setelah perpanjangan waktu, memberikan die Roten gelar double kesepuluh di liga dan piala domestik dalam sejarah klub. Müller menjadi pencetak gol terbanyak dalam turnamen dengan delapan gol dalam lima penampilan. Dia menuntaskan musim dengan mencetak 13 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, delapan gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan lima gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions.","translated_text":"On 17 May 2014, Müller scored his second goal for Bayern in the 2014 DFB-Pokal Final match against Borussia Dortmund with a final score of 2 ⁇ 0 after extra time, giving die Roten the tenth league and domestic cup double in the club's history. Müller became the tournament's top scorer with eight goals in five appearances. He finished the season with 13 goals in 31 league games, eight goals in five DFB-Pokal games, and five goals in 12 Champions League games.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2013–2014 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2013-14/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html|publisher=kicker|accessdate= 17 Mei 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":528,"name":"2013–2014 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2013-14/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:02.099894-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Setelah musim 2013–2014, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2019 dan menolak tawaran kontrak dari Manchester United.","translated_text":"After the 2013-2014 season, Müller signed a new contract which kept him at Bayern until 2019 and declined a contract offer from Manchester United.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich: Philipp Lahm and Thomas Muller sign new deals|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27793926|accessdate=11 Juni 2014|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=11 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27793926","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":328705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:02.419430-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93408203125},{"content":"<ref name=\"Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer\">{{cite news|last=Lynch|first=David|title=Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/muller-claims-turned-down-astronomical-7642557|accessdate=20 Agustus 2014|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=20 Agustus 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":"Muller claims he turned down 'astronomical' Man United offer","url":"http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/muller-claims-turned-down-astronomical-7642557","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":971660,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:50.598806-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.80859375},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Mueller: I rejected more money at United|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html|accessdate=20 Agustus 2014|publisher=ESPN (UK)|date=20 Agustus 2014|language=en|archive-date=2014-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821053252/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:03.023996-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Mueller: I rejected more money at United|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html|accessdate=20 Agustus 2014|publisher=ESPN (UK)|date=20 Agustus 2014|language=en|archive-date=2014-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821053252/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140821053252/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/335261.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:03.054697-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah musim 2013–2014, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2019 dan menolak tawaran kontrak dari Manchester United. Müller bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2014, yang merupakan pertandingan pertama bagi Bayern pada musim 2014–2015.","translated_text":"After the 2013-2014 season, Müller signed a new contract which kept him at Bayern until 2019 and declined a contract offer from Manchester United. Müller played in the 2014 DFL-Supercup match, which was the first match for Bayern in the 2014 ⁇ 2015 season.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2014supercup\">{{cite news|title=Aubameyang köpft BVB zum Supercup-Sieg|url=http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2014/1/2396815/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=13 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=13 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":211,"name":"2014supercup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2014/1/2396815/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":205857,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:03.124489-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89306640625}]},{"text":"Setelah musim 2013–2014, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru yang membuatnya bertahan di Bayern hingga 2019 dan menolak tawaran kontrak dari Manchester United. Müller bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2014, yang merupakan pertandingan pertama bagi Bayern pada musim 2014–2015. Akan tetapi, Bayern kalah dengan skor 2–0.","translated_text":"After the 2013-2014 season, Müller signed a new contract which kept him at Bayern until 2019 and declined a contract offer from Manchester United. Müller played in the 2014 DFL-Supercup match, which was the first match for Bayern in the 2014 ⁇ 2015 season. However, Bayern lost by a score of 2 ⁇ 0.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2014supercup\">{{cite news|title=Aubameyang köpft BVB zum Supercup-Sieg|url=http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2014/1/2396815/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=13 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=13 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":324,"name":"2014supercup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2014/1/2396815/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":205857,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:03.124489-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89306640625}]},{"text":"Müller bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2014, yang merupakan pertandingan pertama bagi Bayern pada musim 2014–2015. Akan tetapi, Bayern kalah dengan skor 2–0. Gol pertamanya untuk musim ini adalah gol yang dihasilkan pada pertandingan melawan Preußen Münster dalam DFB-Pokal pada tanggal 17 Agustus 2014.","translated_text":"Müller played in the 2014 DFL-Supercup match, which was the first match for Bayern in the 2014 ⁇ 2015 season. However, Bayern lost by a score of 2 ⁇ 0. His first goal for the season was the result of a match against Preußen Münster in the DFB-Pokal on 17 August 2014.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Götze, Müller, Alaba und Pizarro – FCB auf Kurs|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2014-15/1/2397917/spielbericht_preussen-muenster-104_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=17 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=17 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":311,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2014-15/1/2397917/spielbericht_preussen-muenster-104_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":204999,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:06.334896-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8984375}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, Bayern kalah dengan skor 2–0. Gol pertamanya untuk musim ini adalah gol yang dihasilkan pada pertandingan melawan Preußen Münster dalam DFB-Pokal pada tanggal 17 Agustus 2014. Kemudian di laga pembuka Bundesliga, pada 22 Agustus, Müller mencetak gol pembuka Bundesliga musim ini saat menghadapi VfL Wolfsburg.","translated_text":"However, Bayern lost by a score of 2 ⁇ 0. His first goal for the season was the result of a match against Preußen Münster in the DFB-Pokal on 17 August 2014. Later in the Bundesliga opener, on 22 August, Müller scored the Bundesliga opener of the season against VfL Wolfsburg.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunbar|first1=Ross|title=Bayern to open season against Wolfsburg as Bundesliga fixtures confirmed|url=http://www.dw.de/bayern-to-open-season-against-wolfsburg-as-bundesliga-fixtures-confirmed/a-17733107|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=24 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":225,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dw.de/bayern-to-open-season-against-wolfsburg-as-bundesliga-fixtures-confirmed/a-17733107","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":104439,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:08.039840-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9404296875},{"content":"<ref name=\"Robben macht's besser als Malanda\">{{cite news|title=Robben macht's besser als Malanda|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2014-15/1/2407218/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=22 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":242,"name":"Robben macht's besser als Malanda","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2014-15/1/2407218/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":244131,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:09.198744-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern mühen sich zum Erfolg gegen Wolfsburg|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/bundesliga/fc-bayern-muenchen/article131507396/Bayern-muehen-sich-zum-Erfolg-gegen-Wolfsburg.html|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|publisher=Die Welt|date=22 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":322,"name":null,"url":"https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/bundesliga/fc-bayern-muenchen/article131507396/Bayern-muehen-sich-zum-Erfolg-gegen-Wolfsburg.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779948,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:12.715464-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91015625}]},{"text":"Gol pertamanya untuk musim ini adalah gol yang dihasilkan pada pertandingan melawan Preußen Münster dalam DFB-Pokal pada tanggal 17 Agustus 2014. Kemudian di laga pembuka Bundesliga, pada 22 Agustus, Müller mencetak gol pembuka Bundesliga musim ini saat menghadapi VfL Wolfsburg. Bayern memenangkan pertandingan dengan skor 2–1.","translated_text":"His first goal for the season was the result of a match against Preußen Münster in the DFB-Pokal on 17 August 2014. Later in the Bundesliga opener, on 22 August, Müller scored the Bundesliga opener of the season against VfL Wolfsburg. Bayern won the match with a score of 2 ⁇ 1.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Robben macht's besser als Malanda\">{{cite news|title=Robben macht's besser als Malanda|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2014-15/1/2407218/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html|accessdate=23 Agustus 2014|newspaper=kicker|date=22 Agustus 2014|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":328,"name":"Robben macht's besser als Malanda","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2014-15/1/2407218/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_vfl-wolfsburg-24.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":244131,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:09.198744-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125}]},{"text":"Pada 11 Maret 2015, Müller mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Shakhtar Donetsk dengan kemenangan 7–0 sekaligus mengimbangi mantan rekan setim Mario Gómez sebagai pemain Jerman yang mencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Champions UEFA.","translated_text":"On 11 March 2015, Müller scored two goals against Shakhtar Donetsk in a 7 ⁇ 0 win while equalling former teammate Mario Gómez as the highest scoring German player in UEFA Champions League history.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espnfc.com.au/bayern-munich/story/2343584/bayern-munichs-thomas-muller----you-wish-for-a-match-like-that|title=Bayern Munich's Thomas Muller: You wish for a match like that|accessdate=13 Maret 2015|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":236,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espnfc.com.au/bayern-munich/story/2343584/bayern-munichs-thomas-muller----you-wish-for-a-match-like-that","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:13.338121-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 11 Maret 2015, Müller mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Shakhtar Donetsk dengan kemenangan 7–0 sekaligus mengimbangi mantan rekan setim Mario Gómez sebagai pemain Jerman yang mencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Champions UEFA. Dia kemudian memimpin perolehan gol sebagai pemain Jerman saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 6–1 atas Porto pada 21 April.","translated_text":"On 11 March 2015, Müller scored two goals against Shakhtar Donetsk in a 7 ⁇ 0 win while equalling former teammate Mario Gómez as the highest scoring German player in UEFA Champions League history. He then led the team in goals as a German player when he scored in a 6 ⁇ 1 win over Porto on 21 April.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|last=Starcevic|first=Nesha|title=Bayern routs Porto reach Champions semis|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2015/04/21/bayern-routs-porto-reach-champions-semis.html|accessdate=22 April 2015|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=21 April 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":359,"name":null,"url":"https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2015/04/21/bayern-routs-porto-reach-champions-semis.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2365,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:13.571006-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 11 Maret 2015, Müller mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Shakhtar Donetsk dengan kemenangan 7–0 sekaligus mengimbangi mantan rekan setim Mario Gómez sebagai pemain Jerman yang mencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Champions UEFA. Dia kemudian memimpin perolehan gol sebagai pemain Jerman saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan 6–1 atas Porto pada 21 April. Dia menyelesaikan musim dengan 13 gol dalam 32 pertandingan liga, satu gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan tujuh gol dalam sepuluh pertandingan Liga Champions.","translated_text":"On 11 March 2015, Müller scored two goals against Shakhtar Donetsk in a 7 ⁇ 0 win while equalling former teammate Mario Gómez as the highest scoring German player in UEFA Champions League history. He then led the team in goals as a German player when he scored in a 6 ⁇ 1 win over Porto on 21 April. He finished the season with 13 goals in 32 league games, one goal in five DFB-Pokal games, and seven goals in ten Champions League games.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2014–2015 season\">{{cite web|title=Müller, Thomas|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2014-15/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html | publisher = kicker | accessdate = 16 Mei 2015 | language = de}}</ref>","char_index":526,"name":"2014–2015 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2014-15/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":205744,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:13.667792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim ini dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan VfL Wolfsburg.","translated_text":"Müller started the season by playing in the DFL-Supercup match against VfL Wolfsburg.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 1 Agustus 2015 | access-date = 1 Agustus 2015}}</ref>","char_index":94,"name":"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":213147,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:16.908055-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89794921875}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim ini dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan VfL Wolfsburg. Dia memulai musim liga dengan mencetak dua gol ke gawang Hamburger SV, satu gol ke gawang 1899 Hoffenheim, dua gol ke gawang Bayer Leverkusen, dan satu gol ke gawang FC Augsburg dalam empat matchday pertama.","translated_text":"Müller started the season by playing in the DFL-Supercup match against VfL Wolfsburg. He started the season by scoring two goals to Hamburger SV, one goal to 1899 Hoffenheim, two goals to Bayer Leverkusen, and one goal to FC Augsburg in the first four matchdays.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Doppelpack: Es müllert zum Auftakt|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/1/2854915/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_hamburger-sv-12.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=14 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":165,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/1/2854915/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_hamburger-sv-12.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":244847,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:21.733386-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89990234375},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Lewandowski erweitert seine Serie gegen Baumann|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/2/2854949/spielanalyse_1899-hoffenheim-3209_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=22 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":201,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/2/2854949/spielanalyse_1899-hoffenheim-3209_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":245376,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:24.516946-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.896484375},{"content":"<ref name=\"Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen\">{{cite news|title=Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/3/2854951/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_bayer-leverkusen-9.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=29 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":237,"name":"Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/3/2854951/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_bayer-leverkusen-9.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":250989,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:28.373082-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125},{"content":"<ref name=\"Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool\">{{cite news|title=Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/4/2854960/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-augsburg-91.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=12 September 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":272,"name":"Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/4/2854960/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-augsburg-91.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":238831,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:31.466141-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim ini dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup melawan VfL Wolfsburg. Dia memulai musim liga dengan mencetak dua gol ke gawang Hamburger SV, satu gol ke gawang 1899 Hoffenheim, dua gol ke gawang Bayer Leverkusen, dan satu gol ke gawang FC Augsburg dalam empat matchday pertama. Dia mencetak gol dari titik penalti saat melawan Bayer Leverkusen dan Augsburg.","translated_text":"Müller started the season by playing in the DFL-Supercup match against VfL Wolfsburg. He started the season by scoring two goals to Hamburger SV, one goal to 1899 Hoffenheim, two goals to Bayer Leverkusen, and one goal to FC Augsburg in the first four matchdays. He scored from the penalty spot against Bayer Leverkusen and Augsburg.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen\">{{cite news|title=Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/3/2854951/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_bayer-leverkusen-9.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=29 Agustus 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":368,"name":"Strahlemann Müller lässt Bayer alt aussehen","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/3/2854951/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_bayer-leverkusen-9.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":250989,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:28.373082-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125},{"content":"<ref name=\"Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool\">{{cite news|title=Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/4/2854960/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-augsburg-91.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=12 September 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":382,"name":"Müller bleibt vom Punkt cool","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/4/2854960/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-augsburg-91.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":238831,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:31.466141-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125}]},{"text":"Dia memulai musim liga dengan mencetak dua gol ke gawang Hamburger SV, satu gol ke gawang 1899 Hoffenheim, dua gol ke gawang Bayer Leverkusen, dan satu gol ke gawang FC Augsburg dalam empat matchday pertama. Dia mencetak gol dari titik penalti saat melawan Bayer Leverkusen dan Augsburg. Akan tetapi, dia gagal mencetak gol dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga berikutnya yang dilakoninya.","translated_text":"He started the season by scoring two goals to Hamburger SV, one goal to 1899 Hoffenheim, two goals to Bayer Leverkusen, and one goal to FC Augsburg in the first four matchdays. He scored from the penalty spot against Bayer Leverkusen and Augsburg. However, he failed to score in the next three Bundesliga games he played.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":387,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Dia mencetak gol dari titik penalti saat melawan Bayer Leverkusen dan Augsburg. Akan tetapi, dia gagal mencetak gol dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga berikutnya yang dilakoninya. Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti menjadi gol saat menghadapi Mainz 05 di matchday tujuh.","translated_text":"He scored from the penalty spot against Bayer Leverkusen and Augsburg. However, he failed to score in the next three Bundesliga games he played. He failed to convert a penalty kick into a goal against Mainz 05 on match day seven.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"FCB siegt dank Lewandowski im Schongang\">{{cite news|title=FCB siegt dank Lewandowski im Schongang|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/7/2854995/spielanalyse_1-fsv-mainz-05-30_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=28 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=26 September 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":275,"name":"FCB siegt dank Lewandowski im Schongang","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/7/2854995/spielanalyse_1-fsv-mainz-05-30_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":240041,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:37.800662-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90380859375}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, dia gagal mencetak gol dalam tiga pertandingan Bundesliga berikutnya yang dilakoninya. Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti menjadi gol saat menghadapi Mainz 05 di matchday tujuh. Gol berikutnya di Bundesliga tercipta saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Borussia Dortmund di matchday delapan.","translated_text":"However, he failed to score in the next three Bundesliga games he played. He failed to convert a penalty kick into a goal against Mainz 05 on match day seven. The next Bundesliga goal was scored when he scored two goals against Borussia Dortmund on match day eight.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":308,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti menjadi gol saat menghadapi Mainz 05 di matchday tujuh. Gol berikutnya di Bundesliga tercipta saat dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Borussia Dortmund di matchday delapan. Salah satu golnya diciptakan dari titik penalti.","translated_text":"He failed to convert a penalty kick into a goal against Mainz 05 on match day seven. The next Bundesliga goal was scored when he scored two goals against Borussia Dortmund on match day eight. One of his goals came from the penalty spot.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Erst Müller eiskalt, später Lewandowski konsequent\">{{cite news|title=Erst Müller eiskalt, später Lewandowski konsequent|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/8/2854996/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_borussia-dortmund-17.html|accessdate=28 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=4 Oktober 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":257,"name":"Erst Müller eiskalt, später Lewandowski konsequent","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/8/2854996/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_borussia-dortmund-17.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":245381,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:39.746648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Salah satu golnya diciptakan dari titik penalti. Kemampuannya mencetak gol berlanjut di kompetisi yang lain. Dia mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Wolfsburg di babak kedua DFB-Pokal; dan di Liga Champions, dua gol melawan Olympiacos, dua gol ke gawang Arsenal, dan satu gol pada leg kedua melawan Olympiacos.","translated_text":"One of his goals came from the penalty spot. His scoring ability continued in other competitions. He scored two goals against Wolfsburg in the second leg of the DFB-Pokal; and in the Champions League, two goals against Olympiacos, two goals against Arsenal, and one goal in the second leg against Olympiacos.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern wirft den Titelverteidiger raus – dank Müller und Costa|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2015-16/2/3243148/spielanalyse_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=27 Oktober 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2015-16/2/3243148/spielanalyse_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":237063,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:42.549501-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89794921875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Doppelter Müller bringt den FC Bayern auf Kurs|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2015-16/1/3254880/spielanalyse_olympiakos-piraeus_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|publisher=kicker|date=16 September 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":232,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2015-16/1/3254880/spielanalyse_olympiakos-piraeus_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":217172,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:45.613762-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.85546875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Magowan|first1=Alistair|title=Bayern Munich 5–1 Arsenal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34675853|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=4 November 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":259,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34675853","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":340555,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:49.491852-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9140625},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Matar|first1=Daniella|title=Barcelona, Bayern Munich advance in Champions League|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2015/11/24/barcelona-bayern-munich-advance-in-champions-league.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=24 November 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":307,"name":null,"url":"https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2015/11/24/barcelona-bayern-munich-advance-in-champions-league.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":67,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:50.236952-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemampuannya mencetak gol berlanjut di kompetisi yang lain. Dia mencetak dua gol saat menghadapi Wolfsburg di babak kedua DFB-Pokal; dan di Liga Champions, dua gol melawan Olympiacos, dua gol ke gawang Arsenal, dan satu gol pada leg kedua melawan Olympiacos. Saat mencetak gol dalam kemenangan kandang melawan Olympiacos, Müller menjadi pemain termuda yang memenangkan 50 pertandingan Liga Champions UEFA, memecahkan rekor Lionel Messi setelah bertahan selama 14 bulan.","translated_text":"His scoring ability continued in other competitions. He scored two goals against Wolfsburg in the second leg of the DFB-Pokal; and in the Champions League, two goals against Olympiacos, two goals against Arsenal, and one goal in the second leg against Olympiacos. Scoring in a home win against Olympiacos, Müller became the youngest player to win 50 UEFA Champions League games, breaking Lionel Messi's record after lasting for 14 months.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2310014.html|title=This season's Champions League record-breakers|date=12 Desember 2015|work=UEFA|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":469,"name":null,"url":"http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2310014.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:50.328119-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 9 Desember 2015, Müller menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Franck Ribéry pada menit ke-46 dalam kemenangan 2–0 atas Dinamo Zagreb.","translated_text":"On 9 December 2015, Müller became a substitute for Franck Ribéry in the 46th minute in a 2-0 win over Dinamo Zagreb.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Doppelschlag Lewandowski: Fünfter Bayern-Sieg|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2015-16/6/3254883/spielanalyse_dinamo-zagreb_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=10 Desember 2015|publisher=kicker|date=9 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":131,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2015-16/6/3254883/spielanalyse_dinamo-zagreb_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208149,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:50.362791-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625}]},{"text":"Pada 9 Desember 2015, Müller menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Franck Ribéry pada menit ke-46 dalam kemenangan 2–0 atas Dinamo Zagreb. Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti pada pertandingan tersebut dan mengakhiri babak grup dengan lima gol dalam enam penampilan.","translated_text":"On 9 December 2015, Müller became a substitute for Franck Ribéry in the 46th minute in a 2-0 win over Dinamo Zagreb. He failed to convert a penalty kick in the match and finished the group stage with five goals in six appearances.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Robert Lewandowski helps Bayern Munich ease past Dinamo Zagreb|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/09/dinamo-zagreb-bayern-munich-champions-league-match-report|accessdate=10 Desember 2015|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Guardian|date=9 Desember 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":198,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/09/dinamo-zagreb-bayern-munich-champions-league-match-report","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":284143,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:52.286863-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93115234375},{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":263,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Pada 9 Desember 2015, Müller menjadi pemain pengganti untuk Franck Ribéry pada menit ke-46 dalam kemenangan 2–0 atas Dinamo Zagreb. Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti pada pertandingan tersebut dan mengakhiri babak grup dengan lima gol dalam enam penampilan. Pada 18 Desember, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru bersama Bayern, yang mempertahankannya dalam klub hingga 2021.","translated_text":"On 9 December 2015, Müller became a substitute for Franck Ribéry in the 46th minute in a 2-0 win over Dinamo Zagreb. He failed to convert a penalty kick in the match and finished the group stage with five goals in six appearances. On 18 December, Müller signed a new contract with Bayern, which kept him at the club until 2021.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Der FC Bayern verlängert mit vier Superstars|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article150112292/Der-FC-Bayern-verlaengert-mit-vier-Superstars.html|accessdate=21 Desember 2015|publisher=Die Welt|date=18 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":379,"name":null,"url":"https://www.welt.de/sport/article150112292/Der-FC-Bayern-verlaengert-mit-vier-Superstars.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":760777,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:52.534848-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9287109375}]},{"text":"Dia gagal mengonversi tendangan penalti pada pertandingan tersebut dan mengakhiri babak grup dengan lima gol dalam enam penampilan. Pada 18 Desember, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru bersama Bayern, yang mempertahankannya dalam klub hingga 2021. Pada 19 Desember, Bayern mengalahkan Hannover 96 dengan skor 1–0 berkat gol dari titik penalti oleh Müller.","translated_text":"He failed to convert a penalty kick in the match and finished the group stage with five goals in six appearances. On 18 December, Müller signed a new contract with Bayern, which kept him at the club until 2021. On 19 December, Bayern defeated Hannover 96 by a score of 1 ⁇ 0 thanks to a goal from a penalty spot by Müller.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter\">{{cite news|title=Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/17/2855083/spielbericht_hannover-96-58_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=21 Desember 2015|publisher=kicker|date=19 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":265,"name":"Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/17/2855083/spielbericht_hannover-96-58_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":232162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:53.117371-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.880859375},{"content":"<ref name=\"Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter\">{{cite news|title=Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/17/2855083/spielbericht_hannover-96-58_bayern-muenchen-14.html|accessdate=21 Desember 2015|publisher=kicker|date=19 Desember 2015|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":312,"name":"Minimalistische Münchner siegen dank Müllers Elfmeter","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2015-16/17/2855083/spielbericht_hannover-96-58_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":232162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:53.117371-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.880859375},{"content":"<ref name=\"Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation\">{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/19/hannover-bayern-munich-bundesliga-match-report|accessdate=22 Desember 2015|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Guardian|date=19 Desember 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":355,"name":"Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/19/hannover-bayern-munich-bundesliga-match-report","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":300271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:57.476986-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93359375}]},{"text":"Pada 18 Desember, Müller menandatangani kontrak baru bersama Bayern, yang mempertahankannya dalam klub hingga 2021. Pada 19 Desember, Bayern mengalahkan Hannover 96 dengan skor 1–0 berkat gol dari titik penalti oleh Müller. Bayern memulai jeda musim dingin setelah pertandingan.","translated_text":"On 18 December, Müller signed a new contract with Bayern, which kept him at the club until 2021. On 19 December, Bayern defeated Hannover 96 by a score of 1 ⁇ 0 thanks to a goal from a penalty spot by Müller. Bayern started the winter break after the game.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation\">{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/19/hannover-bayern-munich-bundesliga-match-report|accessdate=22 Desember 2015|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Guardian|date=19 Desember 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":278,"name":"Bayern Munich’s win at Hannover overshadowed by Guardiola speculation","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/dec/19/hannover-bayern-munich-bundesliga-match-report","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":300271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:57.476986-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93359375}]},{"text":"Pada 19 Desember, Bayern mengalahkan Hannover 96 dengan skor 1–0 berkat gol dari titik penalti oleh Müller. Bayern memulai jeda musim dingin setelah pertandingan. Müller mengakhiri paruh awal musim liga dengan 14 gol dari 17 penampilan, termasuk lima gol dari titik penalti dalam enam peluang.","translated_text":"On 19 December, Bayern defeated Hannover 96 by a score of 1 ⁇ 0 thanks to a goal from a penalty spot by Müller. Bayern started the winter break after the game. Müller finished the first half of the league season with 14 goals from 17 appearances, including five goals from the penalty spot in six chances.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":236,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":293,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Bayern memulai jeda musim dingin setelah pertandingan. Müller mengakhiri paruh awal musim liga dengan 14 gol dari 17 penampilan, termasuk lima gol dari titik penalti dalam enam peluang. Dia telah mencetak 21 gol dalam 25 penampilan di semua kompetisi hingga jeda musim dingin.","translated_text":"Bayern started the winter break after the game. Müller finished the first half of the league season with 14 goals from 17 appearances, including five goals from the penalty spot in six chances. He has scored 21 goals in 25 appearances in all competitions until the winter break.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 1 Agustus 2015 | access-date = 1 Agustus 2015}}</ref>","char_index":276,"name":"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":213147,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:16.908055-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89794921875},{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":276,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Pada 12 Maret 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–0 atas Werder Bremen.","translated_text":"On 12 March 2016, Müller scored two goals in a 5 ⁇ 0 win over Werder Bremen.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/mar/12/bayern-munich-werder-bremen-bundesliga-match-report|title=Bayern Munich hit Werder Bremen for five as Thomas Müller bags brace |date=12 Maret 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=17 Maret 2016}}</ref>","char_index":84,"name":null,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/mar/12/bayern-munich-werder-bremen-bundesliga-match-report","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":301703,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:57.724291-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9296875}]},{"text":"Pada 12 Maret 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol dalam kemenangan 5–0 atas Werder Bremen. Empat hari kemudian, saat Bayern tertinggal 1–2 di leg kedua dari babak 16 besar Liga Champions, dia mencetak gol penyeimbang pada menit ke-91 sebelum Bayern memenangkan pertandingan melalui perpanjangan waktu dengan skor akhir 4–2 (agregat 6–4).","translated_text":"On 12 March 2016, Müller scored two goals in a 5 ⁇ 0 win over Werder Bremen. Four days later, as Bayern trailed 1 ⁇ 2 in the second leg of the Champions League round of 16, he scored the balancing goal in the 91st minute before Bayern won the match via extra time with a final score of 4 ⁇ 2 (aggregate 6 ⁇ 4).","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35814918|title=Bayern Munich 4–2 Juventus|date=16 Maret 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|last =Lewis|first =Aimee|accessdate=17 Maret 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":331,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35814918","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":365966,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:57.965380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90283203125}]},{"text":"Pada 19 April 2016, Müller mencetak dua gol saat Bayern mengalahkan Werder Bremen di babak semi-final DFB-Pokal dengan skor 2–0. Gol pertamanya dalam pertandingan ini merupakan gol ke-150 yang dia persembahkan bagi klub di semua kompetisi.","translated_text":"On 19 April 2016, Müller scored two goals as Bayern beat Werder Bremen in the semi-final of the DFB-Pokal with a score of 2 ⁇ 0. His first goal in the match was his 150th goal for the club in all competitions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-pokal/2016/04/dfb-pokal-fc-bayern-muenchen-gegen-werder-bremen-in-der-datenanalyse|title=Daten: Müller zieht an Hoeneß vorbei|language=de|date=20 April 2016|work=Sport1 | access-date = 22 April 2016}}</ref>","char_index":239,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-pokal/2016/04/dfb-pokal-fc-bayern-muenchen-gegen-werder-bremen-in-der-datenanalyse","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":411975,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:58.470782-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90478515625}]},{"text":"Pada 3 Mei, tendangan penalti Müller diselamatkan oleh Jan Oblak dalam leg kedua semi-final Liga Champions saat menjamu Atlético Madrid. Pertandingan berakhir dengan kemenangan 2–1 bagi Bayern tetapi tersingkir karena peraturan gol tandang.","translated_text":"On 3 May, Müller's penalty kick was saved by Jan Oblak in the second leg of the Champions League semi-final against Atlético Madrid. The match ended in a 2 ⁇ 1 victory for Bayern but was abandoned due to away goals rule.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/05/03/bayern-munich-2-atletico-madrid-1-pep-guardiola-pays-heavy-penal/|title=Bayern 2 Atletico 1: Guardiola pays heavy penalty for Muller miss as Atleti reach final on away goals|date=3 Mei 2016|work=The Telegraph | access-date = 4 Mei 2016 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":240,"name":null,"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/05/03/bayern-munich-2-atletico-madrid-1-pep-guardiola-pays-heavy-penal/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":235739,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:00.014503-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90478515625}]},{"text":"Dia mengakhiri musim dengan mencetak 20 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, empat gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions.","translated_text":"He finished the season with 20 goals in 31 league games, four goals in five DFB-Pokal games, and eight goals in 12 Champions League games.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2015–2016 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 5 Desember 2015}}</ref>","char_index":170,"name":"2015–2016 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2015-16/39317/vereinsspieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:34.434008-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]},{"text":"Dia mengakhiri musim dengan mencetak 20 gol dalam 31 pertandingan liga, empat gol dalam lima pertandingan DFB-Pokal, dan delapan gol dalam 12 pertandingan Liga Champions. Namun, dia tidak mencetak gol dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup.","translated_text":"He finished the season with 20 goals in 31 league games, four goals in five DFB-Pokal games, and eight goals in 12 Champions League games. However, he did not score in a DFL-Supercup match.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 1 Agustus 2015 | access-date = 1 Agustus 2015}}</ref>","char_index":233,"name":"Joker Bendtner ist zweimal zur Stelle","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2015/1/2841005/spielbericht_vfl-wolfsburg-24_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":213147,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:35:16.908055-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89794921875}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim dengan mencetak gol dan memenangkan pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2016 melawan Borussia Dortmund pada 14 Agustus 2016.","translated_text":"Müller started the season by scoring a goal and won the 2016 DFL-Supercup match against Borussia Dortmund on 14 August 2016.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Bayern Munich 2–0 Borussia Dortmund: Carlo Ancelotti wins first German trophy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37079772|accessdate=14 Agustus 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 Agustus 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37079772","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":305991,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:01.983873-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90966796875}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim dengan mencetak gol dan memenangkan pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2016 melawan Borussia Dortmund pada 14 Agustus 2016. Pada pertandingan liga, Müller tidak mencetak gol selama 999 menit hingga dia berhasil mencetak gol selama pertandingan kandang melawan VfL Wolfsburg pada menit ke-76.","translated_text":"Müller started the season by scoring a goal and won the 2016 DFL-Supercup match against Borussia Dortmund on 14 August 2016. In a league match, Müller did not score for 999 minutes until he managed to score during a home match against VfL Wolfsburg in the 76th minute.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272 | title = Bayern Munich 5 Wolfsburg 0: Muller breaks duck as hosts go top | website = FourFourTwo | date = 10 Desember 2016 | access-date = 10 Desember 2016 | language = en | archivedate = 21 Desember 2016 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111112/http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272}}</ref>","char_index":303,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":836813,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:02.508191-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.29345703125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272 | title = Bayern Munich 5 Wolfsburg 0: Muller breaks duck as hosts go top | website = FourFourTwo | date = 10 Desember 2016 | access-date = 10 Desember 2016 | language = en | archivedate = 21 Desember 2016 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111112/http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272}}</ref>","char_index":303,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111112/http://www.fourfourtwo.com.au/news/bayern-munich-5-wolfsburg-0-muller-breaks-duck-as-hosts-go-top-444272","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:03.291910-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim dengan mencetak gol dan memenangkan pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2016 melawan Borussia Dortmund pada 14 Agustus 2016. Pada pertandingan liga, Müller tidak mencetak gol selama 999 menit hingga dia berhasil mencetak gol selama pertandingan kandang melawan VfL Wolfsburg pada menit ke-76. Dia mengakhiri musim 2016–2017 dengan mencetak lima gol dalam 29 penampilannya di Bundesliga, tidak ada gol dalam tiga penampilan di DFB-Pokal, dan tiga gol dalam sembilan penampilan di Liga Champions.","translated_text":"Müller started the season by scoring a goal and won the 2016 DFL-Supercup match against Borussia Dortmund on 14 August 2016. In a league match, Müller did not score for 999 minutes until he managed to score during a home match against VfL Wolfsburg in the 76th minute. He finished the 2016-2017 season with five goals in 29 appearances in the Bundesliga, no goals in three appearances in the DFB-Pokal, and three goals in nine appearances in the Champions League.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2016–2017 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2016-17/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 20 Mei 2017}}</ref>","char_index":505,"name":"2016–2017 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2016-17/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":202736,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:03.361828-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.763671875}]},{"text":"Beberapa pakar sepak bola Jerman seperti Lothar Matthäus menyalahkan manajer Carlo Ancelotti karena perjuangan Müller di depan gawang. Ancelotti lebih sering menggunakan Thiago Alcântara sebagai pemain di belakang penyerang, posisi utama Müller. Müller sering dicadangkan pada beberapa pertandingan penting di Eropa dan Bundesliga.","translated_text":"Some German football pundits such as Lothar Matthäus blame manager Carlo Ancelotti for Müller's struggles in front of the goal. Ancelotti used Thiago Alcântara more often as a player behind the striker, Müller's main position. Müller is often booked for some important matches in Europe and the Bundesliga.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2017/8/29/16217850/lothar-matthaus-carlo-ancelotti-thomas-muller | title = Lothar Matthäus believes Carlo Ancelotti is at fault for Thomas Müller’s drop off | website = bavarianfootballworks.com | date = 29 Agustus 2017 | access-date = 4 Maret 2018 | first = Tom | last = Adams | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":331,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2017/8/29/16217850/lothar-matthaus-carlo-ancelotti-thomas-muller","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":131471,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:06.822673-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89501953125}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2017–2018 dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2017.","translated_text":"Müller started the 2017-2018 season by playing in the 2017 DFL-Supercup match.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2017 German Super Cup\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2017/1/3813700/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Bayerns erster Titel dank Flippertor und Ulreich | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 5 Agustus 2017 | access-date = 5 Agustus 2017}}</ref>","char_index":83,"name":"2017 German Super Cup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2017/1/3813700/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214535,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:08.403425-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89794921875}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2017–2018 dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2017. Dia bermain selama 67 pertama sebelum digantikan oleh Kingsley Coman.","translated_text":"Müller started the 2017-2018 season by playing in the 2017 DFL-Supercup match. He played his first 67 games before being replaced by Kingsley Coman.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2017 German Super Cup\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2017/1/3813700/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html | title = Bayerns erster Titel dank Flippertor und Ulreich | language = de | website = kicker.de | date = 5 Agustus 2017 | access-date = 5 Agustus 2017}}</ref>","char_index":153,"name":"2017 German Super Cup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2017/1/3813700/spielbericht_borussia-dortmund-17_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214535,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:08.403425-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89794921875}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2017–2018 dengan bermain dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2017. Dia bermain selama 67 pertama sebelum digantikan oleh Kingsley Coman. Gol pertamanya pada musim ini dicetak pada pertandingan melawan Mainz di matchday empat dari Bundesliga.","translated_text":"Müller started the 2017-2018 season by playing in the 2017 DFL-Supercup match. He played his first 67 games before being replaced by Kingsley Coman. His first goal of the season was scored in a match against Mainz in the fourth match of the Bundesliga.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2017–2018 season\">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2017-18/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html | title = Thomas Müller | language = de | website = kicker.de | access-date = 20 Februari 2018}}</ref>","char_index":258,"name":"2017–2018 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2017-18/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203509,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:12.998257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77294921875}]},{"text":"Dia bermain selama 67 pertama sebelum digantikan oleh Kingsley Coman. Gol pertamanya pada musim ini dicetak pada pertandingan melawan Mainz di matchday empat dari Bundesliga. Pada 21 Januari 2018, dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Werder Bremen pada pertandingan Bundesliga.","translated_text":"He played his first 67 games before being replaced by Kingsley Coman. His first goal of the season was scored in a match against Mainz in the fourth match of the Bundesliga. On 21 January 2018, he scored two goals against Werder Bremen in a Bundesliga match.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|title=4:2! Bremen erweist sich als große Hürde|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2017-18/19/3827750/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_werder-bremen-4.html|website=kicker.de|publisher=kicker|accessdate=20 Februari 2018|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":271,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2017-18/19/3827750/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_werder-bremen-4.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":241413,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:16.204802-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89990234375}]},{"text":"Gol pertamanya pada musim ini dicetak pada pertandingan melawan Mainz di matchday empat dari Bundesliga. Pada 21 Januari 2018, dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Werder Bremen pada pertandingan Bundesliga. Pada 20 Februari, Müller mencetak dua gol ke gawang Beşiktaş di Liga Champions.","translated_text":"His first goal of the season was scored in a match against Mainz in the fourth match of the Bundesliga. On 21 January 2018, he scored two goals against Werder Bremen in a Bundesliga match. On 20 February, Müller scored two goals against Beşiktaş in the Champions League.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Müller spielt den Türöffner bei Bayerns Gala|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2017-18/7/4200860/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_besiktas-istanbul.html|accessdate=20 Februari 2018|publisher=kicker|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":281,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/chleague/spielrunde/champions-league/2017-18/7/4200860/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_besiktas-istanbul.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":245645,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:18.924544-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8876953125}]},{"text":"Müller memimpin Bundesliga dengan 14 assist. Dia juga mencetak 8 gol dalam 29 pertandingan.","translated_text":"Müller leads the Bundesliga with 14 assists. He also scored 8 goals in 29 games.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=Bundesliga1718>{{cite web | url = https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/lewandowski-thomas-muller-2017-18-most-goals-most-assists-top-stats-481046.jsp | title = Robert Lewandowski, Thomas Müller and the Bundesliga's 2017/18 chart-toppers | publisher = Bundesliga | accessdate = 2 Juli 2018 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":91,"name":"Bundesliga1718","url":"https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/lewandowski-thomas-muller-2017-18-most-goals-most-assists-top-stats-481046.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:24.211868-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2018–2019 dengan bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2018.","translated_text":"Müller began the 2018-2019 season by playing as a first-row forward in the 2018 DFL-Supercup game.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2018 German Super Cup\">{{cite web |title=FCB gewinnt Supercup – Lewandowski macht den Unterschied |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2018/1/4213948/spielanalyse_eintracht-frankfurt-32_bayern-muenchen-14.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=19 Agustus 2018 |language=de}}</ref>","char_index":109,"name":"2018 German Super Cup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2018/1/4213948/spielanalyse_eintracht-frankfurt-32_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":201385,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:24.342601-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.884765625}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2018–2019 dengan bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2018. Dia digantikan oleh Leon Goretzka pada menit ke-64.","translated_text":"Müller began the 2018-2019 season by playing as a first-row forward in the 2018 DFL-Supercup game. He was replaced by Leon Goretzka in the 64th minute.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2018 German Super Cup\">{{cite web |title=FCB gewinnt Supercup – Lewandowski macht den Unterschied |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2018/1/4213948/spielanalyse_eintracht-frankfurt-32_bayern-muenchen-14.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=19 Agustus 2018 |language=de}}</ref>","char_index":161,"name":"2018 German Super Cup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/d-supercup-fb-1/2018/1/4213948/spielanalyse_eintracht-frankfurt-32_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":201385,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:24.342601-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.884765625}]},{"text":"Müller memulai musim 2018–2019 dengan bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam pertandingan DFL-Supercup 2018. Dia digantikan oleh Leon Goretzka pada menit ke-64. Müller mencetak gol dalam dua pertandingan pertama Bundesliga musim ini.","translated_text":"Müller began the 2018-2019 season by playing as a first-row forward in the 2018 DFL-Supercup game. He was replaced by Leon Goretzka in the 64th minute. Müller scored in the first two Bundesliga games of the season.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2018–2019 season\">{{cite web |title=Thomas Müller |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2018-19/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=28 November 2018 |language=de}}</ref>","char_index":234,"name":"2018–2019 season","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/1-bundesliga/2018-19/bayern-muenchen-14/39317/spieler_thomas-mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203500,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:26.891282-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7666015625}]},{"text":"Dia digantikan oleh Leon Goretzka pada menit ke-64. Müller mencetak gol dalam dua pertandingan pertama Bundesliga musim ini. Dia mencetak gol dalam pertandingan babak kedua DFB-Pokal melawan SV Rödinghausen.","translated_text":"He was replaced by Leon Goretzka in the 64th minute. Müller scored in the first two Bundesliga games of the season. He scored in the second leg of the DFB-Pokal against SV Rödinghausen.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |title=Wagner schießt pomadige Bayern ins Achtelfinale |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2018-19/2/4546346/spielanalyse_sv-roedinghausen-20930_bayern-muenchen-14.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=28 November 2018 |language=de}}</ref>","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/dfbpokal/spielrunde/dfb-pokal/2018-19/2/4546346/spielanalyse_sv-roedinghausen-20930_bayern-muenchen-14.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203563,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:30.219678-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74560546875}]},{"text":"Müller mencetak gol dalam dua pertandingan pertama Bundesliga musim ini. Dia mencetak gol dalam pertandingan babak kedua DFB-Pokal melawan SV Rödinghausen. Dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf dalam pertandingan Bundesliga pada 24 November 2018.","translated_text":"Müller scored in the first two Bundesliga games of the season. He scored in the second leg of the DFB-Pokal against SV Rödinghausen. He scored two goals against Fortuna Düsseldorf in a Bundesliga match on 24 November 2018.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |title=90.+3! Lukebakio schockt die Bayern mit Tor drei |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2018-19/12/4243364/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fortuna-duesseldorf-13.html |website=kicker.de |publisher=kicker |accessdate=28 November 2018 |language=de}}</ref>","char_index":258,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2018-19/12/4243364/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fortuna-duesseldorf-13.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":241886,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:33.518489-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8935546875}]},{"text":"Dia mencetak gol dalam pertandingan babak kedua DFB-Pokal melawan SV Rödinghausen. Dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf dalam pertandingan Bundesliga pada 24 November 2018. Pada 12 Desember, Müller bermain dalam pertandingan Liga Champions yang ke-105 dalam kariernya, yakni dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan Ajax, sekaligus mengimbangi legenda klub Philipp Lahm sebagai pemegang rekor penampilan terbanyak di Liga Champions bersama Bayern.","translated_text":"He scored in the second leg of the DFB-Pokal against SV Rödinghausen. He scored two goals against Fortuna Düsseldorf in a Bundesliga match on 24 November 2018. On 12 December, Müller played in the 105th Champions League match of his career, a Champions League match against Ajax, while equalling club legend Philipp Lahm as the record holder for the most appearances in the Champions League with Bayern.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.dw.com/en/bayern-munich-and-ajax-deliver-six-goal-thriller-on-memorable-european-night/a-46705178 | title = Bayern Munich and Ajax deliver six-goal thriller on memorable European night | website = dw.com | date = 12 Desember 2018 | access-date = 2 Januari 2019 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":461,"name":null,"url":"https://www.dw.com/en/bayern-munich-and-ajax-deliver-six-goal-thriller-on-memorable-european-night/a-46705178","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":139168,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:36.852944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90087890625}]},{"text":"Dia mencetak dua gol ke gawang Fortuna Düsseldorf dalam pertandingan Bundesliga pada 24 November 2018. Pada 12 Desember, Müller bermain dalam pertandingan Liga Champions yang ke-105 dalam kariernya, yakni dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan Ajax, sekaligus mengimbangi legenda klub Philipp Lahm sebagai pemegang rekor penampilan terbanyak di Liga Champions bersama Bayern. Pada pertandingan yang sama, Müller dikeluarkan dari lapangan untuk pertama kalinya setelah diganjar kartu merah langsung.","translated_text":"He scored two goals against Fortuna Düsseldorf in a Bundesliga match on 24 November 2018. On 12 December, Müller played in the 105th Champions League match of his career, a Champions League match against Ajax, while equalling club legend Philipp Lahm as the record holder for the most appearances in the Champions League with Bayern. In the same match, Müller was dismissed from the field for the first time after being rewarded with a direct red card.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |title=Thomas Muller sent off as Robert Lewandowski double sees Bayern claim top spot in Group E |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=526414 |accessdate=12 Desember 2018 |agency=Reuters |publisher=ESPN |date=12 Desember 2018 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":501,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espn.com/soccer/report?gameId=526414","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:37.482592-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |title=Ajax 3–3 Bayern |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46543556 |publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=2 Januari 2019 |language=en}}</ref>","char_index":501,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46543556","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":296857,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:37.558999-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Pada 12 Desember, Müller bermain dalam pertandingan Liga Champions yang ke-105 dalam kariernya, yakni dalam pertandingan Liga Champions melawan Ajax, sekaligus mengimbangi legenda klub Philipp Lahm sebagai pemegang rekor penampilan terbanyak di Liga Champions bersama Bayern. Pada pertandingan yang sama, Müller dikeluarkan dari lapangan untuk pertama kalinya setelah diganjar kartu merah langsung. Akibat dari pelanggaran tersebut, dia mendapat hukuman berupa larangan bermain selama dua pertandingan di Liga Champions.","translated_text":"On 12 December, Müller played in the 105th Champions League match of his career, a Champions League match against Ajax, while equalling club legend Philipp Lahm as the record holder for the most appearances in the Champions League with Bayern. In the same match, Müller was dismissed from the field for the first time after being rewarded with a direct red card. As a result of the offence, he was banned from playing for two games in the Champions League.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |title=Zwei Spiele Sperre für Müller - Bayern legt Berufung ein |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/thomas-mueller-liverpool-sperre-1.4283938 |accessdate=11 Januari 2019 |publisher=Süddeutsche Zeitung |date=11 Januari 2019 |language=de}}</ref>","char_index":520,"name":null,"url":"https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/thomas-mueller-liverpool-sperre-1.4283938","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":262166,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:38.115949-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91650390625}]},{"text":"Pada pertandingan yang sama, Müller dikeluarkan dari lapangan untuk pertama kalinya setelah diganjar kartu merah langsung. Akibat dari pelanggaran tersebut, dia mendapat hukuman berupa larangan bermain selama dua pertandingan di Liga Champions. Pada 15 Desember, Müller membuat penampilannya yang ke-300 di Bundesliga untuk Bayern dalam pertandingan melawan Hannover 96.","translated_text":"In the same match, Müller was dismissed from the field for the first time after being rewarded with a direct red card. As a result of the offence, he was banned from playing for two games in the Champions League. On 15 December, Müller made his 300th appearance in the Bundesliga for Bayern in a match against Hannover 96.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/hannover-bayern-munich-live-line-ups-stats-james-rodriguez-robben-lewandowski-fantasy-518926.jsp | title = Hannover vs Bayern match report | publisher = bundesliga.com | accessdate = 15 Desember 2018 | language=en}}</ref>","char_index":370,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/hannover-bayern-munich-live-line-ups-stats-james-rodriguez-robben-lewandowski-fantasy-518926.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:38.557253-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller mewakili Jerman di berbagai tingkatan usia muda, dimulai dengan U-16 pada 2004.","translated_text":"Müller represented Germany at various youth levels, starting with the Under-16s in 2004.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>","char_index":86,"name":"DFB","url":"https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":259331,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:38.670670-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}]},{"text":"Müller mewakili Jerman di berbagai tingkatan usia muda, dimulai dengan U-16 pada 2004. Pada Agustus 2009, dia dipanggil ke dalam tim U-21 untuk memulai debutnya pada pertandingan persahabatan yang berakhir kekalahan 3–1 dari Turki.","translated_text":"Müller represented Germany at various youth levels, starting with the Under-16s in 2004. In August 2009, he was called up to the Under-21 squad to make his debut in a friendly match that ended in a 3 ⁇ 1 defeat to Turkey.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/u-21-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2009/1/946103/spielbericht_deutschland-3096_tuerkei-u-21.html|title=Türkei vermiest Adrions Debüt|work=kicker|date=11 Agustus 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Turki merusak debut Adrion}}</ref>","char_index":231,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/intwettbewerbe/u-21-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2009/1/946103/spielbericht_deutschland-3096_tuerkei-u-21.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":194343,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:40.470698-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91455078125}]},{"text":"Müller mewakili Jerman di berbagai tingkatan usia muda, dimulai dengan U-16 pada 2004. Pada Agustus 2009, dia dipanggil ke dalam tim U-21 untuk memulai debutnya pada pertandingan persahabatan yang berakhir kekalahan 3–1 dari Turki. Dia memperoleh enam penampilan untuk tim U-21 dan mencetak satu gol, yakni gol kedelapan dalam pertandingan dengan kemenangan akbar 11–0 atas San Marino.","translated_text":"Müller represented Germany at various youth levels, starting with the Under-16s in 2004. In August 2009, he was called up to the Under-21 squad to make his debut in a friendly match that ended in a 3 ⁇ 1 defeat to Turkey. He earned six caps for the U-21 team and scored one goal, the eighth goal of the match in a 11 ⁇ 0 victory over San Marino.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"DFB\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler|title=Thomas Müller - Spielerprofil - DFB Datencenter|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Jerman|Deutscher Fußball-Bund]]|publisher=|language=de-DE|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>","char_index":300,"name":"DFB","url":"https://www.dfb.de/datencenter/personen/thomas-mueller/spieler","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":259331,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:38.670670-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland|title=San Marino – Germany 0:11 (0:5)|publisher=DFB|date=17 November 2009|accessdate=25 Desember 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Agustus 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829085033/https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland}}</ref>","char_index":385,"name":null,"url":"https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":431817,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:42.872213-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.69873046875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland|title=San Marino – Germany 0:11 (0:5)|publisher=DFB|date=17 November 2009|accessdate=25 Desember 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Agustus 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829085033/https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland}}</ref>","char_index":385,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110829085033/https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=501415&spielid=314&action=schema&teama=San%20Marino&teamb=Deutschland","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:43.366886-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada bulan Oktober pada tahun yang sama, penampilan tetap Müller untuk tim utama Bayern menyebabkan manajer tim nasional Jerman Joachim Löw mempertimbangkan pemanggilannya, meski mendapat penolakan awal dari pengurus Bayern München; pada bulan berikutnya, Müller masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan melawan Pantai Gading.","translated_text":"In October of the same year, Müller's permanent appearance for Bayern's first team led German national team manager Joachim Löw to consider his call-up, despite receiving an initial refusal from Bayern Munich's manager; the following month, Müller joined the squad for the match against Ivory Coast.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/515765/artikel_Loew-bleibt---wenn-alle-bleiben.html|title=Löw bleibt – wenn alle bleiben|trans-title=Löw bertahan – jika semua bertahan|work=kicker|language=de|date=12 Oktober 2009|accessdate=20 Oktober 2009}}</ref>","char_index":172,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/515765/artikel_Loew-bleibt---wenn-alle-bleiben.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162501,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:43.437764-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8544921875},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/516070/artikel_DFB-Team-trifft-auf-Drogba-26-Co.html|title=DFB-Team trifft auf Drogba & Co.|trans-title=Tim DFB menghadapi Drogba dkk|work=kicker|language=de|date=20 Oktober 2009|accessdate=20 Oktober 2009}}</ref>","char_index":172,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/516070/artikel_DFB-Team-trifft-auf-Drogba-26-Co.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":267228,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:45.459782-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.935546875}]},{"text":"Pada bulan Oktober pada tahun yang sama, penampilan tetap Müller untuk tim utama Bayern menyebabkan manajer tim nasional Jerman Joachim Löw mempertimbangkan pemanggilannya, meski mendapat penolakan awal dari pengurus Bayern München; pada bulan berikutnya, Müller masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan melawan Pantai Gading. Akan tetapi, pertandingan ini beriringan dengan wafatnya kiper tim nasional Robert Enke, yang menyebabkan pembatalan pertandingan melawan Chili di pekan yang sama.","translated_text":"In October of the same year, Müller's permanent appearance for Bayern's first team led German national team manager Joachim Löw to consider his call-up, despite receiving an initial refusal from Bayern Munich's manager; the following month, Müller joined the squad for the match against Ivory Coast. However, this match was accompanied by the death of national team goalkeeper Robert Enke, which led to the cancellation of the match against Chile in the same week.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"callup\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php|title=Müller proud after call to Germany set-up|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=27 Januari 2010|accessdate=1 Februari 2010|language=en|archivedate=30 Januari 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130182143/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php}}</ref>","char_index":489,"name":"callup","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:45.684257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"callup\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php|title=Müller proud after call to Germany set-up|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=27 Januari 2010|accessdate=1 Februari 2010|language=en|archivedate=30 Januari 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130182143/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php}}</ref>","char_index":489,"name":"callup","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/22136.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:45.684257-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada bulan Oktober pada tahun yang sama, penampilan tetap Müller untuk tim utama Bayern menyebabkan manajer tim nasional Jerman Joachim Löw mempertimbangkan pemanggilannya, meski mendapat penolakan awal dari pengurus Bayern München; pada bulan berikutnya, Müller masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan melawan Pantai Gading. Akan tetapi, pertandingan ini beriringan dengan wafatnya kiper tim nasional Robert Enke, yang menyebabkan pembatalan pertandingan melawan Chili di pekan yang sama. Dengan kurangnya kesempatan memainkan pemain baru, bersamaan dengan tim U-21 yang menghadapi kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa U-21 2011, Löw dan manajer tim U-21 Rainer Adrion sepakat bahwa Müller masih dibutuhkan untuk tim U-21, dan Müller dipanggil kembali ke tim U-21.","translated_text":"In October of the same year, Müller's permanent appearance for Bayern's first team led German national team manager Joachim Löw to consider his call-up, despite receiving an initial refusal from Bayern Munich's manager; the following month, Müller joined the squad for the match against Ivory Coast. However, this match was accompanied by the death of national team goalkeeper Robert Enke, which led to the cancellation of the match against Chile in the same week. With the lack of opportunities to play a new player, along with the Under-21 team facing qualification for the 2011 European Under-21 Championship, Löw and Under-21 team manager Rainer Adrion agreed that Müller was still needed for the Under-21 team, and Müller was recalled to the Under-21 team.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/517194/artikel_Mueller-hat-Verstaendnis-fuer-Loew.html|title=Müller hat Verständnis für Löw|work=kicker|date=17 November 2009|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Müller memahami Löw}}</ref>","char_index":756,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/517194/artikel_Mueller-hat-Verstaendnis-fuer-Loew.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":154028,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:45.893959-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8642578125}]},{"text":"Dia kembali ke dalam skuat tim senior pada pertemuan berikutnya, yakni pada sesi latihan di Sindelfingen pada Januari 2010, dan masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan berikutnya, yakni pertandingan persahabatan melawan Argentina pada bulan Maret.","translated_text":"He returned to the senior team squad at the next meeting, at a training session in Sindelfingen in January 2010, and joined the squad for the next match, a friendly against Argentina in March.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/519918/artikel_Robert-Huth-ist-wieder-da.html|title=Robert Huth ist wieder da|work=kicker|language=de|date=21 Januari 2010|accessdate=31 Januari 2010|trans-title=Robert Huth kembali}}</ref>","char_index":123,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/519918/artikel_Robert-Huth-ist-wieder-da.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":181667,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:46.664925-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83642578125},{"content":"<ref name=\"Argentina-callup\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/521561/artikel_DFB-Team-mit-Mueller-und-Kroos.html|title=DFB-Team mit Müller und Kroos|work=kicker|accessdate=26 Februari 2010|date=26 Februari 2010|language=de|trans-title=Tim nasional Jerman dengan Müller dan Kroos}}</ref>","char_index":247,"name":"Argentina-callup","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/521561/artikel_DFB-Team-mit-Mueller-und-Kroos.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172537,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:47.380631-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.85400390625}]},{"text":"Dia kembali ke dalam skuat tim senior pada pertemuan berikutnya, yakni pada sesi latihan di Sindelfingen pada Januari 2010, dan masuk ke dalam skuat untuk pertandingan berikutnya, yakni pertandingan persahabatan melawan Argentina pada bulan Maret. Dia memulai debutnya dalam pertandingan ini sebagai pemain lini utama di Allianz Arena, stadion klubnya. Dia digantikan pada menit ke-66 dengan sesama debutan Toni Kroos saat Jerman kalah 1–0.","translated_text":"He returned to the senior team squad at the next meeting, at a training session in Sindelfingen in January 2010, and joined the squad for the next match, a friendly against Argentina in March. He made his debut in this match as a first-row forward at Allianz Arena, his club's stadium. He was replaced in the 66th minute by fellow rookie Toni Kroos when Germany lost 1-0.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"internationaldebut\">{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/fussball-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2010/1/993390/spielanalyse_deutschland_argentinien.html|title=Löw-Elf misslingt der Härtetest|date=4 Maret 2010|accessdate=3 Agustus 2011|work=kicker|language=de|trans-title=Tim Löw gagal dalam laga uji coba}}</ref>","char_index":440,"name":"internationaldebut","url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/nationalelf/startseite/fussball-nationalteams-freundschaftsspiele/2010/1/993390/spielanalyse_deutschland_argentinien.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:47.939192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (66 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller masuk ke dalam skuat sementara yang berisi 27 pemain bersama tujuh pemain Bayern München lainnya.","translated_text":"Müller joined a temporary squad of 27 players along with seven other Bayern Munich players.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"wcprovisional\">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/06/germany-world-cup-squad|title=Hans-Jörg Butt called up to Germany's preliminary World Cup squad| work = The Guardian |date=6 Mei 2010|accessdate=3 Agustus 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":104,"name":"wcprovisional","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/may/06/germany-world-cup-squad","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":268054,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:36:50.439594-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93701171875}]},{"text":"Müller masuk ke dalam skuat sementara yang berisi 27 pemain bersama tujuh pemain Bayern München lainnya. 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He played in all group stage matches, until Germany finished top of Group D; he scored two goals and provided one assist in a 4 ⁇ 1 victory over England in the round of 16.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"england\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061501/report.html|title=Germany – England 4:1|publisher=FIFA|date=27 Juni 2010|accessdate=27 Juni 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307144519/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249717/match%3D300061501/report.html|archivedate=7 Maret 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":660,"name":"england","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061501/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1358,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:14.122966-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"england\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061501/report.html|title=Germany – England 4:1|publisher=FIFA|date=27 Juni 2010|accessdate=27 Juni 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307144519/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249717/match%3D300061501/report.html|archivedate=7 Maret 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":660,"name":"england","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061501/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1358,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:14.122966-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia memulai pertandingan pertama pada perhelatan Piala Dunia bagi Jerman dan mencetak gol ketiga – gol pertamanya dalam karier internasional – dalam kemenangan 4–0 atas Australia, sekaligus memenangkan gol terbaik bulan ini oleh pemain Jerman. Dia bermain di semua pertandingan babak grup, hingga Jerman finis di puncak klasemen Grup D; dia mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu assist dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Inggris di babak 16 besar. Pada menit ketiga dari pertandingan perempat-final yang berakhir kemenangan 4–0 bagi Jerman, dia membuka daftar skor dengan mencetak gol keempatnya dalam turnamen ini.","translated_text":"He started the first match in a World Cup qualifier for Germany and scored his third international career goal in a 4-0 win over Australia, while also winning the best goal of the month by a German player. He played in all group stage matches, until Germany finished top of Group D; he scored two goals and provided one assist in a 4 ⁇ 1 victory over England in the round of 16. In the third minute of the quarter-final match which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory for Germany, he opened the scoring list by scoring his fourth goal of the tournament.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"autogenerated1\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html|title=Argentina – Germany|publisher=FIFA|date=3 Juli 2010|accessdate=3 Juli 2010|language=en|archivedate=11 Desember 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211170402/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html}}</ref>","char_index":602,"name":"autogenerated1","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:14.159290-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"autogenerated1\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html|title=Argentina – Germany|publisher=FIFA|date=3 Juli 2010|accessdate=3 Juli 2010|language=en|archivedate=11 Desember 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211170402/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html}}</ref>","char_index":602,"name":"autogenerated1","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061505/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:14.159290-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia bermain di semua pertandingan babak grup, hingga Jerman finis di puncak klasemen Grup D; dia mencetak dua gol dan memberi satu assist dalam kemenangan 4–1 atas Inggris di babak 16 besar. Pada menit ketiga dari pertandingan perempat-final yang berakhir kemenangan 4–0 bagi Jerman, dia membuka daftar skor dengan mencetak gol keempatnya dalam turnamen ini. Akan tetapi, dia diganjar kartu kuning kedua dalam turnamen di babak pertama karena handball dan dilarang bermain pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan dari Spanyol.","translated_text":"He played in all group stage matches, until Germany finished top of Group D; he scored two goals and provided one assist in a 4 ⁇ 1 victory over England in the round of 16. In the third minute of the quarter-final match which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory for Germany, he opened the scoring list by scoring his fourth goal of the tournament. However, he was rewarded with a second yellow card in the tournament in the first half due to handball and banned from playing in a semi-final match that ended in defeat to Spain.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/wm/spielplan/weltmeisterschaft/2010/5/833353/spielschema_argentinien_deutschland.html|title=Argentina – Germany 0:4|work=kicker|date=3 Juli 2010|accessdate=3 Juli 2010|language=de|trans-title=Argentina 0–4 Jerman}}</ref>","char_index":451,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/wm/spielplan/weltmeisterschaft/2010/5/833353/spielschema_argentinien_deutschland.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":194340,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:14.190223-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0977783203125}]},{"text":"Pada menit ketiga dari pertandingan perempat-final yang berakhir kemenangan 4–0 bagi Jerman, dia membuka daftar skor dengan mencetak gol keempatnya dalam turnamen ini. Akan tetapi, dia diganjar kartu kuning kedua dalam turnamen di babak pertama karena handball dan dilarang bermain pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan dari Spanyol. Müller berkata bahwa dia merasa jauh lebih gelisah selama pertandingan melawan Spanyol ketimbang pertandingan yang dapat dia mainkan.","translated_text":"In the third minute of the quarter-final match which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory for Germany, he opened the scoring list by scoring his fourth goal of the tournament. However, he was rewarded with a second yellow card in the tournament in the first half due to handball and banned from playing in a semi-final match that ended in defeat to Spain. Müller said that he felt much more upset during the game against Spain than he could play.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":482,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, dia diganjar kartu kuning kedua dalam turnamen di babak pertama karena handball dan dilarang bermain pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan dari Spanyol. Müller berkata bahwa dia merasa jauh lebih gelisah selama pertandingan melawan Spanyol ketimbang pertandingan yang dapat dia mainkan. Dia kembali ke tim untuk pertandingan perebutan peringkat ketiga melawan Uruguay dan mencetak gol pertama, atau gol kelimanya di sepanjang turnamen, sehingga Jerman menang dengan skor 3–2 sekaligus meraih medali perunggu.","translated_text":"However, he was rewarded with a second yellow card in the tournament in the first half due to handball and banned from playing in a semi-final match that ended in defeat to Spain. Müller said that he felt much more upset during the game against Spain than he could play. He returned to the team for the third-placed match against Uruguay and scored the first goal, or his fifth goal throughout the tournament, which Germany won by 3 ⁇ 2 points while taking the bronze medal.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/report.html|title=Uruguay – Germany|publisher=FIFA|date=20 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307110107/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/report.html|archivedate=7 Maret 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":536,"name":null,"url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:16.290965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/report.html|title=Uruguay – Germany|publisher=FIFA|date=20 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307110107/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/report.html|archivedate=7 Maret 2011|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":536,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110307110107/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/report.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:16.321771-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia kembali ke tim untuk pertandingan perebutan peringkat ketiga melawan Uruguay dan mencetak gol pertama, atau gol kelimanya di sepanjang turnamen, sehingga Jerman menang dengan skor 3–2 sekaligus meraih medali perunggu. Kesuksesan tim merupakan puncak dari rangkaian perubahan yang dibuat setelah kegagalan tim nasional pada Euro 2000. Para pemain Jerman mempertegas gaya permainan yang lebih terbuka dan berorientasi pada penyerangan yang tidak dikaitkan sebelumnya dengan Jerman, serta memasukkan pemain muda produktif, yakni Müller, Sami Khedira, dan Mesut Özil.","translated_text":"He returned to the team for the third-placed match against Uruguay and scored the first goal, or his fifth goal throughout the tournament, which Germany won by 3 ⁇ 2 points while taking the bronze medal. The team's success was the culmination of a series of changes made after the failure of the national team at Euro 2000. The German players emphasized a more open and offensive-oriented style of play not previously associated with Germany, as well as including prolific young players, namely Müller, Sami Khedira, and Mesut Özil.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"rafaSI\">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html|title=How Germany reinvented itself|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=2 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Agustus 2011 | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | language = en | archivedate = 5 Juli 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705120851/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":567,"name":"rafaSI","url":"http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.428833-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"rafaSI\">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html|title=How Germany reinvented itself|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=2 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Agustus 2011 | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | language = en | archivedate = 5 Juli 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705120851/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":567,"name":"rafaSI","url":"http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.428833-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan lima gol, Müller menempati posisi pencetak gol terbanyak bersama. Dia meraih Golden Boot dengan gol tersebut beserta tiga assist.","translated_text":"With five goals, Müller is joint top scorer. He won the Golden Boot with that goal and three assists.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"goldenboot2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|title=Golden Boot|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=11 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317212405/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|archivedate=17 Maret 2012|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"goldenboot2010","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.449969-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"goldenboot2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|title=Golden Boot|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=11 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317212405/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|archivedate=17 Maret 2012|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"goldenboot2010","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.449969-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan lima gol, Müller menempati posisi pencetak gol terbanyak bersama. Dia meraih Golden Boot dengan gol tersebut beserta tiga assist. Dia juga memenangkan Penghargaan Pemain Muda Terbaik setelah mengalahkan kandidat André Ayew dari Ghana dan Giovani dos Santos dari Meksiko.","translated_text":"With five goals, Müller is joint top scorer. He won the Golden Boot with that goal and three assists. He also won the Best Young Player Award after defeating candidates André Ayew of Ghana and Giovani dos Santos of Mexico.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"youngplayer2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html|title= Muller claims two coveted crowns|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Desember 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229065802/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"youngplayer2010","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1359,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.482377-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"youngplayer2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html|title= Muller claims two coveted crowns|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Juli 2010|language=en|archivedate=29 Desember 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229065802/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"youngplayer2010","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1272513/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1359,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.482377-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia meraih Golden Boot dengan gol tersebut beserta tiga assist. Dia juga memenangkan Penghargaan Pemain Muda Terbaik setelah mengalahkan kandidat André Ayew dari Ghana dan Giovani dos Santos dari Meksiko. Dia berhasil memenangkan kedua penghargaan sekaligus setelah masing-masing dimenangkan oleh rekan setimnya Miroslav Klose dan Lukas Podolski dari tahun 2006.","translated_text":"He won the Golden Boot with that goal and three assists. He also won the Best Young Player Award after defeating candidates André Ayew of Ghana and Giovani dos Santos of Mexico. He managed to win both awards at once after each was won by his teammates Miroslav Klose and Lukas Podolski from 2006.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/wm/startseite/527485/artikel_Mueller_Torschuetzenkoenig-und-Bester-Junger-Spieler.html|title=Müller: Torschützenkönig und \"Bester Junger Spieler\"|language=de|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=12 Juli 2010|work=kicker|trans-title=Müller: pencetak gol terbanyak dan pemain muda terbaik}}</ref>","char_index":362,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/wm/startseite/527485/artikel_Mueller_Torschuetzenkoenig-und-Bester-Junger-Spieler.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":155449,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.520433-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93212890625}]},{"text":"Pada Oktober 2010, dia ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan FIFA Ballon d'Or bersama empat rekan senegaranya.","translated_text":"In October 2010, he was shortlisted for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award along with four of his fellow nationals.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html|title=Shortlists for first FIFA Ballon d’Or gala revealed|publisher=FIFA|date=26 Oktober 2010|accessdate=28 Oktober 2010|language=en|archivedate=31 Oktober 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031001056/https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html}}</ref>","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:18.308130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html|title=Shortlists for first FIFA Ballon d’Or gala revealed|publisher=FIFA|date=26 Oktober 2010|accessdate=28 Oktober 2010|language=en|archivedate=31 Oktober 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031001056/https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html}}</ref>","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101031001056/https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1323915.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:18.336138-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Oktober 2010, dia ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan FIFA Ballon d'Or bersama empat rekan senegaranya. Mengenai kesuksesannya di Piala Dunia, Müller berkata, \"Saya sebenarnya sedang beruntung, saya bermain dengan baik pada saat yang tepat.\"","translated_text":"In October 2010, he was shortlisted for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award along with four of his fellow nationals. Regarding his success at the World Cup, Müller said: \"I was actually lucky, I played well at the right time\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"2010review\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=28 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|title=Müller’s marvellous year|language=en|archivedate=2 Januari 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102075422/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php}}</ref>","char_index":254,"name":"2010review","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:18.409174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam kesepuluh pertandingan kualifikasi Euro 2012, saat Jerman lolos ke turnamen final dengan rekor kemenangan 100%. Müller memberikan assist untuk tujuh gol, tiga di antaranya tercipta dalam pertandingan melawan Austria pada September 2011 yang beralkir kemenangan 6–2 sekaligus mengamankan kualifikasi Jerman ke turnamen final.","translated_text":"Müller played as a midfielder in ten Euro 2012 qualifying matches, as Germany qualified for the final tournament with a 100% winning record. Müller provided assists for seven goals, three of which came in a match against Austria in September 2011 which resulted in a 6 ⁇ 2 win while securing Germany's qualification to the final tournament.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/ |publisher=fussballdaten.de |title=Spiele von Thomas Müller in 2010/2011| language = de |accessdate=12 Oktober 2010}}</ref>","char_index":200,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/2011/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151827,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:18.622108-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (56 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/9/999641/spielschema_deutschland_oesterreich.html|title=Deutschland – Österreich 6:2, EM-Qualifikation, Saison 2010/11, 9.Spieltag – Spielanalyse, Aufstellung, Torschützen und alle Infos zur Spielpaarung|trans-title=Jerman 6–2 Austria, kualifikasi Kejuaraan Eropa, musim 2010–2011, ''Spieltag'' 9 – Analisis pertandingan, susunan pemain, dan semua informasi dalam pertandingan|language=de|publisher=kicker|date=2 September 2011|accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref>","char_index":371,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/9/999641/spielschema_deutschland_oesterreich.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":194251,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:19.851321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0977783203125}]},{"text":"Müller bermain sebagai pemain lini utama dalam kesepuluh pertandingan kualifikasi Euro 2012, saat Jerman lolos ke turnamen final dengan rekor kemenangan 100%. Müller memberikan assist untuk tujuh gol, tiga di antaranya tercipta dalam pertandingan melawan Austria pada September 2011 yang beralkir kemenangan 6–2 sekaligus mengamankan kualifikasi Jerman ke turnamen final. Dia mencetak tiga gol di sepanjang kualifikasi, dua di antaranya pada kemenangan 4–0 atas Kazakhstan pada Maret 2011, sementara gol ketiga pada kemenangan 3–1 atas Turki pada bulan Oktober.","translated_text":"Müller played as a midfielder in ten Euro 2012 qualifying matches, as Germany qualified for the final tournament with a 100% winning record. Müller provided assists for seven goals, three of which came in a match against Austria in September 2011 which resulted in a 6 ⁇ 2 win while securing Germany's qualification to the final tournament. He scored three goals throughout the qualifiers, two of them in a 4 ⁇ 0 win over Kazakhstan in March 2011, while the third goal came in a 3 ⁇ 1 win over Turkey in October.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/5/999631/spielbericht_deutschland_kasachstan.html|title=Deutschland – Kasachstan 4:0, EM-Qualifikation, Saison 2010/11, 5.Spieltag|work=kicker|date=26 Maret 2011|accessdate=26 Maret 2011|language=de|trans-title=Jerman 4–0 Kazakhstan, kualifikasi Euro 2012, ''Spieltag'' 5}}</ref>","char_index":489,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/5/999631/spielbericht_deutschland_kasachstan.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":207535,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:22.301918-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91015625},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/11/999651/spielbericht_tuerkei_deutschland.html|title=Gomez bringt Deutschlands Rekordjäger auf Kurs|trans-title=Gomez mempertahankan rekor kemenangan Jerman pada jalurnya|publisher=kicker|language=de|date= 7 Oktober 2011|accessdate=8 Oktober 2011}}</ref>","char_index":561,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/em/qualifikation/em-qualifikation/2010-11/11/999651/spielbericht_tuerkei_deutschland.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":200538,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:27.068905-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90771484375}]},{"text":"Müller mencetak beberapa gol pertama pada kualifikasi Piala Dunia pada 22 Maret 2013, yakni berupa gol pembuka dan gol terakhir dalam kemenangan tandang 3–0 atas Kazakhstan.","translated_text":"Müller scored his first few goals in a World Cup qualifier on 22 March 2013, the opening goal and the final in a 3 ⁇ 0 away win over Kazakhstan.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espnfc.com/us/en/report/334694/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=5901 |title= Kazakhstan 0–3 Germany |publisher=ESPN FC |date=22 Maret 2013 | accessdate = 2 April 2013|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":173,"name":null,"url":"http://espnfc.com/us/en/report/334694/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=5901","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:32.375566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 16 Juni 2014, pada laga pembuka Jerman di Piala Dunia 2014, Müller mencetak hat-trick pertama selama turnamen dan terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik dalam pertandingan yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 atas Portugal.","translated_text":"On 16 June 2014, in Germany's opening match of the 2014 World Cup, Müller scored his first hat-trick during the tournament and was voted the best player in the match which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory over Portugal.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal\">{{cite news|last1=Starcevic|first1=Nesha|title=World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2014/06/16/world_cup_thomas_mueller_scores_hat_trick_as_germany_routs_portugal.html|accessdate=16 Juni 2014|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=16 Juni 2014|location=Salvador, Brazil|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":64,"name":"World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal","url":"https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2014/06/16/world_cup_thomas_mueller_scores_hat_trick_as_germany_routs_portugal.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":66,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:32.487444-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 4-0 Portugal\">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285106|title=Germany 4–0 Portugal|date=16 Juni 2014|accessdate=16 Juni 2014|work=BBC | first = David | last = Ornstein | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":220,"name":"Germany 4-0 Portugal","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285106","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":352435,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:32.576706-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82275390625}]},{"text":"Pada 16 Juni 2014, pada laga pembuka Jerman di Piala Dunia 2014, Müller mencetak hat-trick pertama selama turnamen dan terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik dalam pertandingan yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 atas Portugal. Selain itu, dia juga menjadi sasaran tandukan Pepe pada menit ke-37, yang mengakibatkan bek Portugal dikeluarkan dari lapangan.","translated_text":"On 16 June 2014, in Germany's opening match of the 2014 World Cup, Müller scored his first hat-trick during the tournament and was voted the best player in the match which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory over Portugal. In addition, he was also the target of Pepe's 37th-minute corner, which resulted in the Portuguese defender being ejected from the field.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal\">{{cite news|last1=Starcevic|first1=Nesha|title=World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2014/06/16/world_cup_thomas_mueller_scores_hat_trick_as_germany_routs_portugal.html|accessdate=16 Juni 2014|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Toronto Star|date=16 Juni 2014|location=Salvador, Brazil|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":348,"name":"World Cup: Thomas Mueller scores hat trick as Germany routs Portugal","url":"https://www.thestar.com/sports/worldcup/2014/06/16/world_cup_thomas_mueller_scores_hat_trick_as_germany_routs_portugal.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":66,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:32.487444-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 4-0 Portugal\">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285106|title=Germany 4–0 Portugal|date=16 Juni 2014|accessdate=16 Juni 2014|work=BBC | first = David | last = Ornstein | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":348,"name":"Germany 4-0 Portugal","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285106","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":352435,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:32.576706-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82275390625}]},{"text":"Pada 16 Juni 2014, pada laga pembuka Jerman di Piala Dunia 2014, Müller mencetak hat-trick pertama selama turnamen dan terpilih sebagai pemain terbaik dalam pertandingan yang berakhir dengan kemenangan 4–0 atas Portugal. Selain itu, dia juga menjadi sasaran tandukan Pepe pada menit ke-37, yang mengakibatkan bek Portugal dikeluarkan dari lapangan. Dia membantah telah \"melebih-lebihkan\" situasi yang berujung kartu merah.","translated_text":"On 16 June 2014, in Germany's opening match of the 2014 World Cup, Müller scored his first hat-trick during the tournament and was voted the best player in the match which ended in a 4 ⁇ 0 victory over Portugal. In addition, he was also the target of Pepe's 37th-minute corner, which resulted in the Portuguese defender being ejected from the field. He denied having \"exaggerated\" the situation that led to the red card.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Uersfeld|first1=Stephan|title=Muller: I didn't influence Pepe red|url=http://www.espnfc.us/germany/story/1886389/germanys-thomas-muller-denies-seeking-to-get-portugal-defender-pepe-dismissed|accessdate=17 Juni 2014|publisher=ESPN FC|date=16 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":422,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espnfc.us/germany/story/1886389/germanys-thomas-muller-denies-seeking-to-get-portugal-defender-pepe-dismissed","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:33.326450-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain itu, dia juga menjadi sasaran tandukan Pepe pada menit ke-37, yang mengakibatkan bek Portugal dikeluarkan dari lapangan. Dia membantah telah \"melebih-lebihkan\" situasi yang berujung kartu merah. Pada 26 Juni, Müller mencetak satu-satunya gol pada pertandingan babak grup terakhir melawan Amerika Serikat dan membantu Jerman menjuarai Grup G, serta menghalau kekhawatiran akan kolusi antara pelatih Jerman Joachim Löw dan pelatih Amerika Serikat Jürgen Klinsmann untuk bermain imbang seperti yang telah terjadi pada tahun 1982.","translated_text":"In addition, he was also the target of Pepe's 37th-minute corner, which resulted in the Portuguese defender being ejected from the field. He denied having \"exaggerated\" the situation that led to the red card. On 26 June, Müller scored the only goal in a group stage match against the United States and helped Germany win the Group G title, as well as warding off concerns about a collision between German coach Joachim Löw and United States coach Jürgen Klinsmann to draw as had happened in 1982.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html | title = Mueller goal wins it but USA make history | publisher = ESPN | date = 26 Juni 2014 | accessdate = 26 Juni 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-07-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213756/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":533,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:33.389066-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html | title = Mueller goal wins it but USA make history | publisher = ESPN | date = 26 Juni 2014 | accessdate = 26 Juni 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-07-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213756/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":533,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213756/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/319259.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:33.413565-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 8 Juli, dia mencetak gol pembuka bagi Jerman pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan telak bagi Brasil dengan skor 7–1.","translated_text":"On 8 July, he scored the opening goal for Germany in a semi-final match that ended in a knockout defeat to Brazil by a score of 7 ⁇ 1.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Knight|first1=Ben|title=Germany demolish Brazil in surreal World Cup semifinal|url=http://www.dw.de/germany-demolish-brazil-in-surreal-world-cup-semifinal/a-17768416|accessdate=9 Juli 2014|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=8 Juli 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dw.de/germany-demolish-brazil-in-surreal-world-cup-semifinal/a-17768416","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":133807,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:33.481516-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92138671875}]},{"text":"Pada 8 Juli, dia mencetak gol pembuka bagi Jerman pada pertandingan semi-final yang berakhir kekalahan telak bagi Brasil dengan skor 7–1. Gol ini menjadi gol ke-2.000 tim nasional Jerman dalam sejarahnya. Müller telah mencetak masing-masing minimal lima gol dalam kedua Piala Dunia pertamanya, menjadikannya pemain ketiga yang melakukannya (setelah Teófilo Cubillas dan rekan setimnya Miroslav Klose).","translated_text":"On 8 July, he scored the opening goal for Germany in a semi-final match that ended in a knockout defeat to Brazil by a score of 7 ⁇ 1. This is the 2,000th goal for the German national team in its history. Müller has scored at least five goals in each of his first two World Cups, making him the third player to do so (after Teófilo Cubillas and teammate Miroslav Klose).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened\">{{cite news|last1=Tyers|first1=Alan|title=Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10951334/Brazil-vs-Germany-World-Cup-2014-as-it-happened.html|accessdate=9 Juli 2014|publisher=The Telegraph|date=9 Juli 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":401,"name":"Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened","url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10951334/Brazil-vs-Germany-World-Cup-2014-as-it-happened.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":334432,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:34.638684-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.5869140625}]},{"text":"Gol ini menjadi gol ke-2.000 tim nasional Jerman dalam sejarahnya. Müller telah mencetak masing-masing minimal lima gol dalam kedua Piala Dunia pertamanya, menjadikannya pemain ketiga yang melakukannya (setelah Teófilo Cubillas dan rekan setimnya Miroslav Klose). Dengan gol tersebut, dia telah mengimbangi Helmut Rahn dengan perolehan 10 gol di Piala Dunia.","translated_text":"This is the 2,000th goal for the German national team in its history. Müller has scored at least five goals in each of his first two World Cups, making him the third player to do so (after Teófilo Cubillas and teammate Miroslav Klose). With that goal, he has balanced Helmut Rahn by scoring 10 goals in the World Cup.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened\">{{cite news|last1=Tyers|first1=Alan|title=Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10951334/Brazil-vs-Germany-World-Cup-2014-as-it-happened.html|accessdate=9 Juli 2014|publisher=The Telegraph|date=9 Juli 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":358,"name":"Brazil vs Germany, World Cup 2014: as it happened","url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10951334/Brazil-vs-Germany-World-Cup-2014-as-it-happened.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":334432,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:34.638684-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.5869140625}]},{"text":"Pada 11 Juli, Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan Golden Ball yang diberikan kepada pemain terbaik.","translated_text":"On July 11, Müller was included in the list of candidates for the Golden Ball award given to the best player.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011|title=World Cup 2014: Fifa announces Golden Ball shortlist|date=11 Juli 2014|accessdate=12 Juli 2014|work=BBC|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":120,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28274011","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":392812,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.637325-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.935546875}]},{"text":"Pada 11 Juli, Müller masuk ke dalam daftar kandidat peraih penghargaan Golden Ball yang diberikan kepada pemain terbaik. Karena telah banyak berperan bagi tim di sepanjang perhelatan Piala Dunia, Müller menerima Silver Boot sebagai pencetak gol terbanyak kedua dengan lima gol, serta masuk ke dalam World Cup All Star XI.","translated_text":"On July 11, Müller was included in the list of candidates for the Golden Ball award given to the best player. Having played a large part for the team throughout the World Cup qualifiers, Müller received the Silver Boot as the second highest scorer with five goals, as well as being inducted into the World Cup All Star XI.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | title = Thomas Muller receives his World Cup awards | website = FIFA.com | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | language = en | quote = Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach. | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | archive-date = 2018-06-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180601223840/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"FIFAWCSB&SB","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.741432-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":"Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | title = Thomas Muller receives his World Cup awards | website = FIFA.com | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | language = en | quote = Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach. | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | archive-date = 2018-06-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180601223840/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"FIFAWCSB&SB","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.741432-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":"Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | title = Muller receives World Cup honours | website = FIFA.com | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | language = en | quote = Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. [...] With five goals and three assists, he also secured the adidas Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer at the 2014 World Cup, having previously won the Golden Boot in South Africa four years earlier. | archive-date = 2018-02-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025138/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"FIFAWCSB&SB2","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.768076-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":"Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. [...] With five goals and three assists, he also secured the adidas Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer at the 2014 World Cup, having previously won the Golden Boot in South Africa four years earlier.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | title = Muller receives World Cup honours | website = FIFA.com | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | language = en | quote = Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. [...] With five goals and three assists, he also secured the adidas Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer at the 2014 World Cup, having previously won the Golden Boot in South Africa four years earlier. | archive-date = 2018-02-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025138/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":277,"name":"FIFAWCSB&SB2","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.768076-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":"Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. [...] With five goals and three assists, he also secured the adidas Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer at the 2014 World Cup, having previously won the Golden Boot in South Africa four years earlier.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html | title = adidas Golden Boot | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 16 Juli 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141231163656/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":321,"name":null,"url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1360,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.799744-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html | title = adidas Golden Boot | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 16 Juli 2014 | language = en | archive-date = 2014-12-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141231163656/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":321,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141231163656/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/golden-boot/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.843183-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller tampil dalam sembilan dari sepuluh pertandingan selama perhelatan kualifikasi UEFA Euro 2016, mencetak sembilan gol hingga Jerman memimpin grup kualifikasi dan lolos ke Euro 2016.","translated_text":"Müller appeared in nine of the ten matches during the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying round, scoring nine goals as Germany led the qualifying group and qualified for Euro 2016.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/european-championship-qualifying/story/2658450/germany-and-poland-qualify-for-euro-2016-ireland-to-playoff|title=Germany, Poland seal Euro 2016 qualification; Ireland to playoff|date=11 Oktober 2015|work=ESPN|accessdate=20 Oktober 2015|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"http://www.espnfc.com/european-championship-qualifying/story/2658450/germany-and-poland-qualify-for-euro-2016-ireland-to-playoff","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.913197-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Müller tampil sebagai pemain lini utama dalam keenam pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman selama turnamen final Euro 2016. Pada pertandingan perempat-final melawan Italia, Tendangan Müller menjadi tendangan pertama yang ditangkap oleh kiper lawan pada adu penalti di sepanjang turnamen.","translated_text":"Müller appeared as a central midfielder in six matches played by Germany during the Euro 2016 final tournament. In the quarter-final match against Italy, Müller's Kick became the first kick captured by an opponent's goalkeeper on penalties throughout the tournament.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\">{{cite news|last1=McNulty|first1=Phil|title=Germany 1 1 Italy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245|accessdate=2 Juli 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 Juli 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":168,"name":"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320574,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.974161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83154296875},{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\">{{cite news|last1=McNulty|first1=Phil|title=Germany 1 1 Italy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245|accessdate=2 Juli 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 Juli 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":283,"name":"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320574,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.974161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83154296875}]},{"text":"Müller tampil sebagai pemain lini utama dalam keenam pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman selama turnamen final Euro 2016. Pada pertandingan perempat-final melawan Italia, Tendangan Müller menjadi tendangan pertama yang ditangkap oleh kiper lawan pada adu penalti di sepanjang turnamen. Ini merupakan kegagalan mencetak gol di adu penalti yang dialami Jerman untuk pertama kali setelah Uli Stielike menyia-nyiakannya pada Piala Dunia 1982.","translated_text":"Müller appeared as a central midfielder in six matches played by Germany during the Euro 2016 final tournament. In the quarter-final match against Italy, Müller's Kick became the first kick captured by an opponent's goalkeeper on penalties throughout the tournament. It was Germany's first penalty shoot-out failure since Uli Stielike squandered it at the 1982 World Cup.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\">{{cite news|last1=McNulty|first1=Phil|title=Germany 1 1 Italy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245|accessdate=2 Juli 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 Juli 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":436,"name":"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320574,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.974161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83154296875}]},{"text":"Pada pertandingan perempat-final melawan Italia, Tendangan Müller menjadi tendangan pertama yang ditangkap oleh kiper lawan pada adu penalti di sepanjang turnamen. Ini merupakan kegagalan mencetak gol di adu penalti yang dialami Jerman untuk pertama kali setelah Uli Stielike menyia-nyiakannya pada Piala Dunia 1982. Walau demikian, Jerman mengakhiri pertandingan dengan kemenangan adu penalti 6–5.","translated_text":"In the quarter-final match against Italy, Müller's Kick became the first kick captured by an opponent's goalkeeper on penalties throughout the tournament. It was Germany's first penalty shoot-out failure since Uli Stielike squandered it at the 1982 World Cup. Nevertheless, Germany ended the match with a penalty shootout victory of 6 ⁇ 5.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016\">{{cite news|last1=McNulty|first1=Phil|title=Germany 1 1 Italy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245|accessdate=2 Juli 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2 Juli 2016|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":398,"name":"Germany 1–1 Italy–Euro 2016","url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36628245","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320574,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.974161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83154296875}]},{"text":"Müller terpilih dalam skuat 23 pemain Jerman oleh Joachim Löw untuk Piala Dunia FIFA 2018.","translated_text":"Müller was selected in the German 23-man squad by Joachim Löw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-announce-final-world-cup-squad-with-manuel-neuer-without-leroy-san%C3%A9/a-44064011|title=Germany announce final World Cup squad, with Manuel Neuer, without Leroy Sané|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=4 Juni 2018|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dw.com/en/germany-announce-final-world-cup-squad-with-manuel-neuer-without-leroy-san%C3%A9/a-44064011","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":110806,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:36.423841-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8818359375}]},{"text":"Müller bermain dalam ketiga pertandingan yang dilakoni Jerman, yakni melawan Meksiko, Swedia, dan Korea Selatan. Müller bermain di lini utama pada pertandingan melawan Meksiko dan Swedia, tetapi tampil sebagai pemain pengganti saat melawan Korea Selatan. Müller tidak berhasil mencetak satu pun gol hingga Jerman tersingkir di babak grup.","translated_text":"Müller played in three games against Germany, against Mexico, Sweden, and South Korea. Müller played in the starting line-up in matches against Mexico and Sweden, but appeared as a substitute against South Korea. Müller failed to score a single goal until Germany were eliminated in the group stage.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/ | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 13 Juli 2018 | language = en | archive-date = 2018-11-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181104220607/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":338,"name":null,"url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1359,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:36.720196-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/ | title = Thomas Müller | publisher = FIFA.com | accessdate = 13 Juli 2018 | language = en | archive-date = 2018-11-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181104220607/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":338,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181104220607/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player/321722/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:36.750589-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Posisi Müller dapat digambarkan sebagai pemain yang bergerak di wilayah penyerangan, yaitu pemain yang mampu bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang.","translated_text":"Müller's position can be described as a player moving in the offensive area, i.e. a player capable of playing in a variety of offensive positions.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"rafaSI\">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html|title=How Germany reinvented itself|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=2 Juli 2010|accessdate=10 Agustus 2011 | first = Raphael | last = Honigstein | language = en | archivedate = 5 Juli 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705120851/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html}}</ref>","char_index":84,"name":"rafaSI","url":"http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/soccer/world-cup-2010/writers/raphael_honigstein/07/01/germany.reinvention/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.428833-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Posisi Müller dapat digambarkan sebagai pemain yang bergerak di wilayah penyerangan, yaitu pemain yang mampu bermain dalam berbagai posisi menyerang. Karena melalui sistem tim usia muda, dia semula dimainkan sebagai gelandang, tetapi sejak masuk ke dalam tim utama dia lebih sering digunakan dalam posisi penyerang.","translated_text":"Müller's position can be described as a player moving in the offensive area, i.e. a player capable of playing in a variety of offensive positions. Because through the youth team system, he originally played as a midfielder, but since entering the first team he was more often used in the forward position.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":226,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Karena melalui sistem tim usia muda, dia semula dimainkan sebagai gelandang, tetapi sejak masuk ke dalam tim utama dia lebih sering digunakan dalam posisi penyerang. Baik Bayern München maupun tim nasional Jerman biasanya menggunakan formasi 4–2–3–1, dan Müller paling sering digunakan dalam posisi gelandang serang di belakang penyerang tunggal. Dia dapat bermain di berbagai posisi gelandang serang, tetapi biasanya dia bermain di posisi tengah saat bermain untuk Bayern, dan di posisi kanan saat bermain untuk Jerman.","translated_text":"Because through the youth team system, he originally played as a midfielder, but since entering the first team he was more often used in the forward position. Both Bayern Munich and the German national team usually use the 4 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 formation, and Müller is most often used in the position of attacking midfielder behind a single striker. He can play in a variety of attacking midfielder positions, but usually he plays in the centre position when playing for Bayern, and in the right position when playing for Germany.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/548672/artikel_stimmungsschwankungen-bei-den-bayern.html|title=Stimmungsschwankungen bei den Bayern|trans-title=Perubahan suasana hati di Bayern|language=de|date=15 Februari 2011|accessdate=13 September 2011|publisher=kicker}}</ref>","char_index":473,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/548672/artikel_stimmungsschwankungen-bei-den-bayern.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":190820,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:36.819843-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89599609375},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/klose-impressed-by-new-generation-2018688.html|title=Klose impressed by new generation|date=5 Juli 2010|accessdate=7 September 2011|publisher=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":520,"name":null,"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/klose-impressed-by-new-generation-2018688.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":434,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:37.687695-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Baik Bayern München maupun tim nasional Jerman biasanya menggunakan formasi 4–2–3–1, dan Müller paling sering digunakan dalam posisi gelandang serang di belakang penyerang tunggal. Dia dapat bermain di berbagai posisi gelandang serang, tetapi biasanya dia bermain di posisi tengah saat bermain untuk Bayern, dan di posisi kanan saat bermain untuk Jerman. Dia pernah dimainkan sebagai out-and-out striker.","translated_text":"Both Bayern Munich and the German national team usually use the 4 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 formation, and Müller is most often used in the position of attacking midfielder behind a single striker. He can play in a variety of attacking midfielder positions, but usually he plays in the centre position when playing for Bayern, and in the right position when playing for Germany. He once played as an out-and-out striker.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/16/1013374/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-st-pauli-18.html|title=Bayern München – FC St. Pauli 3:0, 1. Bundesliga, Saison 2010/11, 16.Spieltag – Spielanalyse|work=kicker|date=11 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|language=de|trans-title=Bayern München 3–0 FC St. Pauli, Bundesliga, musim 2010–2011, ''Spieltag'' 16}}</ref>","char_index":404,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/spieltag/1-bundesliga/2010-11/16/1013374/spielanalyse_bayern-muenchen-14_fc-st-pauli-18.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":228389,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:37.722680-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.904296875}]},{"text":"Meski memiliki kekurangan dalam hal kekuatan fisik, Müller telah dipuji karena kedewasaan, kecepatan, teknik, kesadaran, kecerdasan taktis, dan pengaturan posisi.","translated_text":"Despite his shortcomings in terms of physical strength, Müller has been praised for his maturity, speed, technique, awareness, tactical intelligence, and positioning.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Ancelotti on Muller's role\">{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/bayern-munich/story/3040455/carlo-ancelotti-on-thomas-mullers-bayern-munich-role-im-not-stupid|title=Carlo Ancelotti on Thomas Muller's Bayern Munich role: I'm not stupid|publisher=ESPN FC|date=18 Januari 2017|accessdate=20 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":51,"name":"Ancelotti on Muller's role","url":"http://www.espnfc.com/bayern-munich/story/3040455/carlo-ancelotti-on-thomas-mullers-bayern-munich-role-im-not-stupid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:41.258860-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23893.php|title=Thomas following in Gerd’s footsteps|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=27 Juni 2010|accessdate=30 Juni 2010|language=en|archivedate=15 Juli 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715071127/http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23893.php}}</ref>","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"http://www.fcbayern.telekom.de/en/news/news/2010/23893.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:18.409174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Ancelotti on Muller's role\">{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/bayern-munich/story/3040455/carlo-ancelotti-on-thomas-mullers-bayern-munich-role-im-not-stupid|title=Carlo Ancelotti on Thomas Muller's Bayern Munich role: I'm not stupid|publisher=ESPN FC|date=18 Januari 2017|accessdate=20 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":162,"name":"Ancelotti on Muller's role","url":"http://www.espnfc.com/bayern-munich/story/3040455/carlo-ancelotti-on-thomas-mullers-bayern-munich-role-im-not-stupid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:41.258860-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Meski memiliki kekurangan dalam hal kekuatan fisik, Müller telah dipuji karena kedewasaan, kecepatan, teknik, kesadaran, kecerdasan taktis, dan pengaturan posisi. Dia telah dikenal karena ketenangannya; manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata bahwa dia \"tahan terhadap tekanan\" dan mantan pelatih Louis van Gaal berkata bahwa dia memiliki kekuatan mental yang sangat tinggi.","translated_text":"Despite his shortcomings in terms of physical strength, Müller has been praised for his maturity, speed, technique, awareness, tactical intelligence, and positioning. He has been known for his calmness; German manager Joachim Löw says that he is \"resistant to pressure\" and former coach Louis van Gaal says that he has extremely high mental strength.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":272,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"2010review\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php|publisher=FC Bayern München|date=28 Desember 2010|accessdate=1 Januari 2011|title=Müller’s marvellous year|language=en|archivedate=2 Januari 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102075422/http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php}}</ref>","char_index":369,"name":"2010review","url":"http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2010/27350.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":124,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:18.409174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Meski memiliki kekurangan dalam hal kekuatan fisik, Müller telah dipuji karena kedewasaan, kecepatan, teknik, kesadaran, kecerdasan taktis, dan pengaturan posisi. Dia telah dikenal karena ketenangannya; manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata bahwa dia \"tahan terhadap tekanan\" dan mantan pelatih Louis van Gaal berkata bahwa dia memiliki kekuatan mental yang sangat tinggi. Sebagai pencetak dan pencipta gol yang konsisten, dia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai pemain yang dapat mencari celah di dalam daerah pertahanan lawan tetapi tidak begitu bagus dalam hal menggiring bola ataupun duel satu-lawan-satu.","translated_text":"Despite his shortcomings in terms of physical strength, Müller has been praised for his maturity, speed, technique, awareness, tactical intelligence, and positioning. He has been known for his calmness; German manager Joachim Löw says that he is \"resistant to pressure\" and former coach Louis van Gaal says that he has extremely high mental strength. As a consistent scorer and goalscorer, he describes himself as a player who can look for gaps within the opponent's defensive area but is not very good at kicking balls or one-on-one duels.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"fussballdaten\">{{cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/|title=Thomas Müller|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=24 April 2010|language=de}}</ref>","char_index":419,"name":"fussballdaten","url":"http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/muellerthomas/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151827,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:41.953578-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (56 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"champions1210\">{{cite journal|journal=Champions Magazine|date=Desember 2010|issue=44|pages=26–29|title=The Müller's tale|publisher=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":600,"name":"champions1210","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia telah dikenal karena ketenangannya; manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata bahwa dia \"tahan terhadap tekanan\" dan mantan pelatih Louis van Gaal berkata bahwa dia memiliki kekuatan mental yang sangat tinggi. Sebagai pencetak dan pencipta gol yang konsisten, dia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai pemain yang dapat mencari celah di dalam daerah pertahanan lawan tetapi tidak begitu bagus dalam hal menggiring bola ataupun duel satu-lawan-satu. Müller menggambarkan posisinya sebagai Raumdeuter, suatu istilah yang diterjemahkan sebagai \"penafsir ruang\" (bandingkan Traumdeuter, \"penafsir mimpi\").","translated_text":"He has been known for his calmness; German manager Joachim Löw says that he is \"resistant to pressure\" and former coach Louis van Gaal says that he has extremely high mental strength. As a consistent scorer and goalscorer, he describes himself as a player who can look for gaps within the opponent's defensive area but is not very good at kicking balls or one-on-one duels. Müller describes his position as Raumdeuter, a term translated as \"space interpreter\" (compare Traumdeuter, \"dream interpreter\").","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/thomas-mueller-im-gespraech-ich-bin-ein-raumdeuter-1.1043798 | title = Thomas Müller im Gespräch | language = de | publisher = Süddeutsche Zeitung | date = 9 Januari 2011 | accessdate = 4 April 2013}}</ref>","char_index":488,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/thomas-mueller-im-gespraech-ich-bin-ein-raumdeuter-1.1043798","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":294192,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:42.845789-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91845703125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/james-rodriguez-lewandowski-muller-german-soccer-positions-explained-465557.jsp|title=James Rodriguez as 'Zehner'? Thomas Müller the 'Raumdeuter'? German soccer positions explained...|publisher=Bundesliga|date=12 Desember 2017|accessdate=29 Oktober 2018|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":488,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/james-rodriguez-lewandowski-muller-german-soccer-positions-explained-465557.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:43.399050-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagai pencetak dan pencipta gol yang konsisten, dia menggambarkan dirinya sebagai pemain yang dapat mencari celah di dalam daerah pertahanan lawan tetapi tidak begitu bagus dalam hal menggiring bola ataupun duel satu-lawan-satu. Müller menggambarkan posisinya sebagai Raumdeuter, suatu istilah yang diterjemahkan sebagai \"penafsir ruang\" (bandingkan Traumdeuter, \"penafsir mimpi\"). Selama Piala Dunia 2014, manajer Jerman Joachim Löw berkata, \"Müller adalah pemain yang sangat tidak lazim dan Anda benar-benar tidak dapat memprediksi arah berlarinya, tetapi dia memiliki satu tujuan dan itu adalah 'bagaimana saya dapat mencetak gol?'.\"","translated_text":"As a consistent scorer and goalscorer, he describes himself as a player who can look for gaps within the opponent's defensive area but is not very good at kicking balls or one-on-one duels. Müller describes his position as Raumdeuter, a term translated as \"space interpreter\" (compare Traumdeuter, \"dream interpreter\"). During the 2014 World Cup, German manager Joachim Löw said, \"Müller is a very unusual player and you really can't predict the direction he's going, but he has one goal and it's 'how can I score?'\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285228|title=2014 Worldcup Germany-Ghana match preview|publisher=BBC|date=21 Juni 2014|accessdate=21 Juni 2014|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":638,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285228","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":354613,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:43.596230-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.900390625}]},{"text":"Müller lahir di Weilheim, Oberbayern, dan dibesarkan di Pähl, yang menjadi pusat perhatian media selama perhelatan Piala Dunia 2010.","translated_text":"Müller was born in Weilheim, Oberbayern, and raised in Pähl, which became the focus of media attention during the 2010 World Cup qualifiers.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"sdz\">{{cite web|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/sport/nationalmannschaft-thomas-mueller-paehl-feiert-seinen-wm-helden-1.959572|title=Thomas Müller – Pähl feiert seinen WM-Helden|publisher=Süddeutsche Zeitung|language=de|date=15 Juli 2010|accessdate=4 Agustus 2011|trans-title=Thomas Müller – Pähl merayakan pahlawan Piala Dunia}}</ref>","char_index":132,"name":"sdz","url":"http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/sport/nationalmannschaft-thomas-mueller-paehl-feiert-seinen-wm-helden-1.959572","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":268564,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:43.769353-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92919921875}]},{"text":"Müller lahir di Weilheim, Oberbayern, dan dibesarkan di Pähl, yang menjadi pusat perhatian media selama perhelatan Piala Dunia 2010. Ayahnya bernama Gerhard dan ibunya bernama Klaudia. Dia memiliki seorang adik, Simon, yang berjarak dua setengah tahun lebih muda.","translated_text":"Müller was born in Weilheim, Oberbayern, and raised in Pähl, which became the focus of media attention during the 2010 World Cup qualifiers. Her father was Gerhard and her mother was Claudia. She has a younger brother, Simon, who is two and a half years younger.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"sdz\">{{cite web|url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/sport/nationalmannschaft-thomas-mueller-paehl-feiert-seinen-wm-helden-1.959572|title=Thomas Müller – Pähl feiert seinen WM-Helden|publisher=Süddeutsche Zeitung|language=de|date=15 Juli 2010|accessdate=4 Agustus 2011|trans-title=Thomas Müller – Pähl merayakan pahlawan Piala Dunia}}</ref>","char_index":263,"name":"sdz","url":"http://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/sport/nationalmannschaft-thomas-mueller-paehl-feiert-seinen-wm-helden-1.959572","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":268564,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:43.769353-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92919921875}]},{"text":"Ayahnya bernama Gerhard dan ibunya bernama Klaudia. Dia memiliki seorang adik, Simon, yang berjarak dua setengah tahun lebih muda. Dia menikahi kekasih lamanya yang bernama Lisa Trede, seorang atlet berkuda semi-profesional yang bekerja di suatu peternakan, pada Desember 2009 setelah bertunangan selama dua tahun.","translated_text":"Her father was Gerhard and her mother was Claudia. She has a younger brother, Simon, who is two and a half years younger. 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Pada Juli 2011, dia menjadi duta untuk YoungWings, suatu lembaga amal yang membantu anak-anak yang mengalami kedukaan atau trauma. Dia adalah seorang penganut Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"He married his longtime girlfriend Lisa Trede, a semi-professional equestrian athlete who worked on a farm, in December 2009 after a two-year engagement. In July 2011, she became an ambassador for YoungWings, a charity that helps children with grief or trauma. He was a Roman Catholic.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-team/2016/11/thomas-mueller-spricht-vor-papst-besuch-ueber-religion | title = Müller: \"Religion gehört dazu\" | language = de | website = Sport1 | date = 8 November 2016 | access-date = 13 September 2017}}</ref>","char_index":356,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sport1.de/fussball/dfb-team/2016/11/thomas-mueller-spricht-vor-papst-besuch-ueber-religion","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":390956,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:45.304104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93115234375}]},{"text":"Skor dan hasil berikut mencantumkan hitungan gol untuk Jerman lebih dulu.","translated_text":"The following score and results list the number of goals for Germany first.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"rsssf\">{{cite web|url = http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/thmueller-intlg.html|title=Thomas Müller – Goals in International Matches|publisher = RSSSF | date = | access-date = 5 Oktober 2017 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"rsssf","url":"http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/thmueller-intlg.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9231,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:51.281367-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.794921875},{"content":"<ref name=\"NFT\">{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36374/Thomas_Mueller.html|title=Müller, Thomas|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=26 Maret 2018|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":73,"name":"NFT","url":"http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36374/Thomas_Mueller.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":509357,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:52.115016-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.67724609375}]},{"text":"Bayern München Bundesliga: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 DFB-Pokal: 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2019–20 Piala Super DFL: 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 Liga Champions UEFA: 2012–13, 2019–20 Piala Super UEFA: 2013, 2020 Piala Dunia Antarklub FIFA: 2013, 2020","translated_text":"Bayern Munich Bundesliga: 2009 ⁇ 10, 2012 ⁇ 13, 2013 ⁇ 14, 2014 ⁇ 15, 2015 ⁇ 16, 2016 ⁇ 17, 2017 ⁇ 18, 2018 ⁇ 19, 2019 ⁇ 20, 2020 ⁇ 21, 2021 ⁇ 22, 2022 ⁇ 23 DFB-Pokal: 2009 ⁇ 10, 2012 ⁇ 13, 2013 ⁇ 14, 2015 ⁇ 16, 2019 ⁇ 20 Super Cup DFL: 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 UEFA Champions League: 2012 ⁇ 13, 2019 ⁇ 20 Super Cup UEFA: 2013, 2020 FIFA World Cup Antarclubs: 2013, 2020","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Soccerway\">{{cite web | url = https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/ | title = T. Müller | publisher = Soccerway | accessdate = 17 Agustus 2014 | language = en}}</ref>","char_index":14,"name":"Soccerway","url":"https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":413,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:53.742563-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jerman Piala Dunia FIFA: 2014;","translated_text":"Germany at the FIFA World Cup: 2014;","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Soccerway\">{{cite web | url = https://int.soccerway.com/players/thomas-muller/38215/ | title = T. 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rekor bersama Teófilo Cubillas (1970, 1978) & Miroslav Klose (2002–2006) Pemberi assist terbanyak di Bundesliga: 2017–2018 Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2017–2018","translated_text":"Man of the Match: vs. England, vs. Uruguay FIFA World Cup 2014 Man of the Match: vs. Portugal, vs. United States FIFA World Cup Golden Boot: 2010 FIFA World Cup Silver Boot: 2014 FIFA World Cup Best Young Player: 2010 FIFA World Cup 2010 Most assists (together with Mesut Özil, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Kaká, and Dirk Kuyt) Bayerischer Sportpreis: 2010 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2010, 2014 World Soccer Young Player of the Year: 2010 Bravo Award: 2010 FIFA World Cup Ballon d'Or: 2010 (ranked 15th), 2011 (ranked 13th), 2013 (ranked 17th), 2014 (ranked 5th), 2015 (ranked 6th) ESM Team of the Year: 20122013 UEFA Team of the Year Award: 2013 (ranked 6th), 2014 (ranked 4th), 2016 (ranked 10th) UEFA Champions League Team of the Year: 2015 FIFA World Cup Silver Pro Cup: 2014 FIFA World Cup: 2014 (ranked 13th), 2014 (ranked 17th), 2014 (ranked 5th), 2015 (ranked 6th), 2015 (ranked 6th), 2014 (ranked 6th), 2014 (ranked 4), 2016 (ranked 4th","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"goldenboot2010\">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|title=Golden Boot|publisher=FIFA|date=11 Juli 2010|accessdate=11 Juli 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317212405/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html|archivedate=17 Maret 2012|language=en}}</ref>","char_index":147,"name":"goldenboot2010","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/awards/goldenboot/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:17.449969-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | title = Thomas Muller receives his World Cup awards | website = FIFA.com | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | language = en | quote = Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach. | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | archive-date = 2018-06-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180601223840/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref>","char_index":180,"name":"FIFAWCSB&SB","url":"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/photos/galleries/y=2014/m=10/gallery=thomas-muller-receives-his-world-cup-awards-2454229.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1361,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:37:35.741432-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (54 words)","source_snippet":"Thomas Mueller (C) receives the adidas silver Ball as second best player of the FIFA World Cup 2014™ and the adidas silver boot for the second best goalscorer of the World Cup from Herbert Hainer, CEO adidas group (L) and his Brother Simon Mueller (R) at the adidas headquarter in Herzogenaurach.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=FIFAWCSB&SB2>{{cite web | url = https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=10/news=muller-receives-world-cup-honours-2454235.html | title = Muller receives World Cup honours | website = FIFA.com | date = 6 Oktober 2014 | accessdate = 15 Februari 2018 | publisher = Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | language = en | quote = Muller was recognised by FIFA’s Technical Study Group (TSG) for his impressive performances at the world’s greatest football competition, receiving the adidas Silver Ball as the World Cup’s second-best player. 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+{"title":"Cacau","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n| image = Werkstattreihe gemeinsam für ein starkes Deutschland, Köln-3523.jpg\n|   playername = Cacau\n|        image =Werkstattreihe gemeinsam für ein starkes Deutschland, Köln-3523.jpg\n|     fullname = Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto\n|  dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1981|3|27|df=y}}\n|  cityofbirth = [[Santo André]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Brasil]]\n|       height = {{height|m=1,79}}\n|     position = [[Penyerang]]\n|  currentclub = [[Cerezo Osaka]]\n|   clubnumber = 18\n|  youthyears1 = 1994–1997\n|  youthclubs1 = [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=/de/index/cacau/geschichte_wie-alles-begann.htm |title = Geschichte – Wie alles begann |work = Cacau's official website |language = German |accessdate = 30 March 2011 |archive-date = 2012-03-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120308085019/http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=%2Fde%2Findex%2Fcacau%2Fgeschichte_wie-alles-begann.htm |dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n|  youthyears2 = \n|  youthclubs2 = [[Mogi das Cruzes]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=/de/index/cacau/geschichte_schwierige-phase.htm |title = Geschichte – Schwierige Phase |work = Cacau's official website |language = German |accessdate = 30 March 2011 |archive-date = 2011-07-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210642/http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=%2Fde%2Findex%2Fcacau%2Fgeschichte_schwierige-phase.htm |dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n|       years1 = 1999–2001\n|       clubs1 = Türk Gücü München\n|        caps1 = 31 \n|       goals1 = 7\n|       years2 = 2001–2002\n|       clubs2 = [[1. FC Nuremberg II]]\n|        caps2 = 18\n|       goals2 = 9\n|       years3 = 2001–2003\n|       clubs3 = [[1. FC Nuremberg]]\n|        caps3 = 44\n|       goals3 = 8\n|       years4 = 2003–2014\n|       clubs4 = [[VfB Stuttgart]]\n|        caps4 = 263\n|       goals4 = 80\n|       years4 = 2014–\n|       clubs4 = [[Cerezo Osaka]]\n|        caps4 = 1\n|       goals4 = 0\n|nationalyears = 2009–\n|nationalteam = {{timnas|Jerman}}\n|nationalcaps1 = 23\n|nationalgoals1 = 6\n|     pcupdate = 5 Agustus 2014\n|     ntupdate = 26 Mei 2012\n}}\n'''Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=/de/index/cacau/profil.htm|title=Profil|work=www.cacau.de|language=German|accessdate=31 March 2010|archive-date=2009-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519191443/http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=%2Fde%2Findex%2Fcacau%2Fprofil.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vfb.de/de/teams/spieler/2008/cacau.php?f=story|title=18 Cacau|accessdate=31 March 2010|date=31 March 2010|work=[[VfB Stuttgart]]|language=German}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/spielersteckbrief/object/27472/saison/2008-09|title=Cacau|work=[[Kicker (sports magazine)|Kicker]]|accessdate=31 March 2010|language=German}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbf.com.br/bid/book.pdf|title=Player and corresponding CBF id|accessdate=31 March 2010|work=[[Konfederasi Sepak Bola Brasil|CBF]]|archive-date=2009-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014211216/http://www.cbf.com.br/bid/book.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ({{lahirmati|[[Santo André]]|27|3|1981}}), atau dikenal dengan julukan '''Cacau''', adalah pemain sepak bola [[Jerman]] kelahiran [[Brasil]] yang bermain di posisi [[Penyerang]] dan saat ini bermain untuk klub [[Cerezo Osaka]]. Cacau mendapatkan kewarganegaraan Jerman pada Februari 2009, dia membuat debut internasional nya pada bulan Mei tahun itu dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan {{timnas|Cina}}. Dia juga menjadi bagian tim {{timnas|Jerman}} di [[Piala Dunia 2010]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=312546/profile.html|title=19 Cacau|work=[[FIFA]]|accessdate=13 June 2010|archive-date=2010-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610215419/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=312546/profile.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commons}}\n* {{Official website|http://www.cacau.de/}} {{de icon}} {{pt icon}}\n* {{FIFA player|312546}}\n* {{NFT player|33509}}\n* [http://www.fussball-gott.com/cacau.php \"Fussball-gott\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624054153/http://www.fussball-gott.com/cacau.php |date=2012-06-24 }} {{de icon}}\n* [http://picasaweb.google.com/samuel.schilling/Cacau Pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209130910/http://picasaweb.google.com/samuel.schilling/Cacau |date=2012-12-09 }}\n* [http://www.transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/1426/cacau/default/2007/leistungsdaten.html Cacau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823041848/http://transfermarkt.de/de/spieler/1426/cacau/default/2007/leistungsdaten.html |date=2009-08-23 }} at transfermarkt.de {{de icon}}\n* {{Fussballdaten|cacau|Cacau}}\n* [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=84753&cc=5739 Cacau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421071825/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=84753&cc=5739 |date=2010-04-21 }} at ESPN\n\n{{Skuat PD2010 Jerman}}\n\n{{lifetime|1981||}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Cacau}}\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Jerman]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Jerman}}","hash":"32dc313d4af86836924bcd858966fd6d9776f5fad108a11320e1749cdb4aaa85","last_revision":"2023-09-16T11:31:36Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:38:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.213907","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Claudemir Jerônimo Barreto Cacau","ar":"كاكاو (لاعب كرة قدم)","arz":"كاكاو (لاعب كورة قدم)","ast":"Claudemir Jerônimo Barreto","az":"Kakau","azb":"کاکاو","bg":"Какау","ca":"Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto","ce":"Какау","cs":"Cacau","cy":"Cacau","da":"Cacau","de":"Cacau","el":"Κακάου","en":"Cacau","eo":"Cacau","es":"Cacau","et":"Jerônimo Cacau","eu":"Cacau","fa":"کاکاو","fi":"Cacau","fr":"Cacau","fy":"Cacau","he":"קאקאו","hr":"Cacau","hu":"Cacau","hy":"Կակաու","is":"Cacau","it":"Cacau","ja":"カカウ","jv":"Cacau","ko":"카카우","la":"Hieronymus Cacau","lv":"Kakau","mg":"Cacau","mr":"कॅकौ","ms":"Cacau","nl":"Cacau","nn":"Cacau","nb":"Cacau","pl":"Cacau","pnt":"Κακάου","pt":"Cacau (futebolista)","ro":"Cacau","ru":"Какау","sh":"Cacau","simple":"Cacau","sl":"Cacau","sq":"Cacau","sr":"Какау (фудбалер)","sv":"Cacau","sw":"Cacau","tg":"Какау","th":"กาเกา","tr":"Cacau (futbolcu)","uk":"Какау","vi":"Cacau","wuu":"卡考","zh":"卡考"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto (), atau dikenal dengan julukan Cacau, adalah pemain sepak bola Jerman kelahiran Brasil yang bermain di posisi Penyerang dan saat ini bermain untuk klub Cerezo Osaka. Cacau mendapatkan kewarganegaraan Jerman pada Februari 2009, dia membuat debut internasional nya pada bulan Mei tahun itu dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan . Dia juga menjadi bagian tim di Piala Dunia 2010\n\n\"Fussball-gott\" Pictures Cacau at transfermarkt.de\n\nCacau at ESPN\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Jerman Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n| image = Werkstattreihe gemeinsam für ein starkes Deutschland, Köln-3523.jpg\n|   playername = Cacau\n|        image =Werkstattreihe gemeinsam für ein starkes Deutschland, Köln-3523.jpg\n|     fullname = Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto\n|  dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1981|3|27|df=y}}\n|  cityofbirth = [[Santo André]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Brasil]]\n|       height = {{height|m=1,79}}\n|     position = [[Penyerang]]\n|  currentclub = [[Cerezo Osaka]]\n|   clubnumber = 18\n|  youthyears1 = 1994–1997\n|  youthclubs1 = [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=/de/index/cacau/geschichte_wie-alles-begann.htm |title = Geschichte – Wie alles begann |work = Cacau's official website |language = German |accessdate = 30 March 2011 |archive-date = 2012-03-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120308085019/http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=%2Fde%2Findex%2Fcacau%2Fgeschichte_wie-alles-begann.htm |dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n|  youthyears2 = \n|  youthclubs2 = [[Mogi das Cruzes]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=/de/index/cacau/geschichte_schwierige-phase.htm |title = Geschichte – Schwierige Phase |work = Cacau's official website |language = German |accessdate = 30 March 2011 |archive-date = 2011-07-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210642/http://www.cacau.de/v2/cms/website.php?id=%2Fde%2Findex%2Fcacau%2Fgeschichte_schwierige-phase.htm |dead-url = yes }}</ref>\n|       years1 = 1999–2001\n|       clubs1 = Türk Gücü München\n|        caps1 = 31 \n|       goals1 = 7\n|       years2 = 2001–2002\n|       clubs2 = [[1. FC Nuremberg II]]\n|        caps2 = 18\n|       goals2 = 9\n|       years3 = 2001–2003\n|       clubs3 = [[1. FC Nuremberg]]\n|        caps3 = 44\n|       goals3 = 8\n|       years4 = 2003–2014\n|       clubs4 = [[VfB Stuttgart]]\n|        caps4 = 263\n|       goals4 = 80\n|       years4 = 2014–\n|       clubs4 = [[Cerezo Osaka]]\n|        caps4 = 1\n|       goals4 = 0\n|nationalyears = 2009–\n|nationalteam = {{timnas|Jerman}}\n|nationalcaps1 = 23\n|nationalgoals1 = 6\n|     pcupdate = 5 Agustus 2014\n|     ntupdate = 26 Mei 2012\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto (), atau dikenal dengan julukan Cacau, adalah pemain sepak bola Jerman kelahiran Brasil yang bermain di posisi Penyerang dan saat ini bermain untuk klub Cerezo Osaka.","translated_text":"Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto (), known by his nickname Cacau, is a Brazilian-born German footballer who plays as a Striker and currently plays for Cerezo Osaka.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite 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+{"title":"Carly Smithson","wikicode":"{{Infobox musical artist\n| name = Carly Smithson\n| image =  Carly Smithson in parade.jpg\n| caption = Smithson dalam iring-iringan mobil the American Idol Experience di [[Disney World|Walt Disney World]] tahun 2009.\n| background = penyanyi solo\n| birth_name = Carly Sarah Hennessy\n| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|9|12}}\n| birth_place = [[Dublin]], [[Irlandia]]\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| genre = [[Musik gothic|metal gotik]], pop, soul\n| occupation = \n {{ Flat list| \n* Penyanyi\n* Penulis lagu\n* Aktris\n}}\n| instrument = Vokal\n| years_active = 1990–sekarang\n| label = Independen <small>(1993–1999)</small><br />[[MCA Records]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[Universal Republic]] <small>(2009–2011)</small><ref name=\"reuters.com\">{{Cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS171127+28-Oct-2009+BW20091028 | work=Reuters | title=Universal Republic Records Signs New Rock Band We Are the Fallen | date=28-10-2009 | language=bahasa Inggris | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205044448/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/28/idUS171127+28-Oct-2009+BW20091028 | archivedate=2013-02-05 | deadurl=yes | accessdate=06-06-2016 }}</ref>\n| associated_acts = [[We Are the Fallen]]\n| website = [https://www.myspace.com/carlysmithson www.CarlySmithson.com]\n}}\n'''Carly Smithson''' ({{lahirmati||12|9|1983}} dengan nama '''Carly Sarah Hennessy'''<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|title=Carly Smithson|website=TV.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014|language=bahasa Inggris|archive-date=2008-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>) adalah seorang penyanyi soul/[[pop rock]], penulis lagu, dan aktris yang menjadi finalis posisi keenam pada kompetisi mencari bakat ''[[American Idol]]'' [[American Idol Musim Ketujuh|musim ketujuh]]. Pada tahun 2001, Smithson merilis album studionya yang pertama untuk MCA Records berjudul ''Ultimate High''. Smithson dikeluarkan dari label rekaman itu tahun 2002. Setelah diperkenalkan kepada produser rekaman Ben Moody pada awal 2009, rencana untuk album solo Smithson pasca-''Idol'' dibatalkan dan ia kini menjadi penyanyi utama band [[Musik gothic|metal gotik]], We are the Fallen.<ref name=\"Idol Tracker\">{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|title=Carly Smithson to join forces with ex-Evanescence musicians to become the Fallen|publisher=LA Times|date=18-06-2009|accessdate=18-06-2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620033134/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|archivedate=2009-06-20}}</ref>\n\n== Biografi ==\n\n=== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan ===\nSmithson lahir di [[Dublin]], Irlandia, dari pasangan Marie Murray dan Luke Hennessy.<ref name=\"online.wsj.com\">{{Cite news |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1014678641479060480.html?mod=Page+One|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Pop Singer Fails to Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent by MCA|first1=Jennifer|last1=Ordoñez|date=26-02-2002 |subscription=yes}}</ref><ref name=\"blog.mattgoyer.com\">{{Cite web |url=http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html|title=Pop Singer Fails To Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent By MCA|publisher=Blog.mattgoyer.com|date=04-11-2005|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref> Setelah tinggal di Dublin selama 6 bulan, Smithson dan orang tuanya pindah ke [[Johannesburg]], Afrika Selatan. Mereka kemudian pindah kembali ke Dublin saat ia berusia 4 tahun. Saat usia itu pula Smithson mulai bernyanyi dan memperoleh sedikit pengalaman peran. Ia tampil dalam iklan sosis [[Denny's]] selama tiga tahun sejak berusia lima tahun. Tahun 1990, Smithson memainkan peran Marianne muda dalam ''Fools of Fortune''.<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen A&M|publisher=Geffen.com|accessdate=26-07-2014|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095702/http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dua tahun kemudian, tepatnya tahun 1992, ia terpilih dalam film ''Les Misérables'' dan berperan sebagai Cosette kecil di Irlandia. Saat berusia 10 tahun, ia merilis sebuah CD independen berjudul ''Carly's Christmas Album'' di [[Britania Raya]].<ref name=\"geffen\"/> Orang tuanya bercerai saat Smithson berusia 14 tahun. Setahun kemudian, yaitu tahun 1999, ia dan ayahnya pindah ke [[Amerika Serikat]] agar ia dapat mengembangkan karier dalam musik. Dalam pendidikan, Smithson tidak menyelesaikan SMA.<ref name=\"online.wsj.com\"/><ref name=\"blog.mattgoyer.com\"/>\n\n=== Kehidupan pribadi ===\nSetelah kontrak rekamannya dengan MCA Records berakhir, Smithson memutuskan untuk beristirahat dari musik.<ref name=\"mtv\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586223/20080424/index.jhtml|title='American Idol': The Guys Have It? Carly Smithson Says Contest Is 'A Bit of a Struggle for the Ladies'|publisher=MTV|date=24-04-2008|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref> Ia bertemu dengan suaminya Todd Smithson, seorang seniman [[Rajah|tato]], di [[San Diego, California|San Diego]]. Selama beberapa tahun mereka tinggal di Marietta, [[Georgia (negara bagian)|Georgia]]. Di sana Smithson bekerja di sebuah bar Irlandia bernama Fado. Tanpa disengaja, [[Michael Johns]] (seorang finalis ''American Idol'' musim 7) tampil setiap minggu di Fado, menggunakan nama aslinya Michael Lee.<ref name=\"atlantajournal\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|title=‘Idol’ Hopeful Ousted, But Upbeat|accessdate=04-05-2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426183627/http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|archivedate=2008-04-26}}</ref> Tahun 2005, Smithson dan suaminya pindah ke San Diego, tempat tinggal mereka saat ini. Smithson memiliki seorang abang tiri bernama Nik<ref name=\"tvguide\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522|title=Carly Smithson Biography|publisher=Tvguide.com|date=28-11-2012|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref> dan adik perempuan bernama Shannon.\nSmithson juga bekerja di Nothing Sacred, sebuah toko tato di San Diego milik suaminya. Smithson memiliki sembilan tato di tubuhnya.<ref name=\"tvguide\"/> Tanggal 9 Juni 2012, Smithson mengumumkan bahwa ia sedang mengandung anak pertamanya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twitpic.com/9uqyzp|title=Ok here is my big news – IM GONNA BE A MOMMY Y'ALL !!!!!! on Twitpic|publisher=Twitpic.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref> Ia melahirkan seorang anak perempuan yang diberi nama Olivia Mabel Smithson pada 30 September 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|author=MJ|url=http://www.mjsbigblog.com/carly-smithson-has-a-baby-girl.htm|title=Carly Smithson Has a Baby Girl! |publisher=mjsbigblog.com|accessdate=10-03-2012}}</ref>\n\n== Diskografi ==\n\n=== Album ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;\"\n\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Tahun<br>\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Detail album\n! colspan=\"2\" | Posisi tertinggi\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Sertifikasi<br>\n<small>([[Sertifikasi penjualan rekaman musik|berdasarkan penjualan]])</small>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! style=\"width:40px;\" | [[Billboard 200|AS]]\n! style=\"width:40px;\" | Digital<br>\nAS\n|-\n| 1993\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | '''''Carly's Christmas Album'''''\n\n* <small> Tanggal rilis: Tidak diketahui</small>\n* <small> Label: Unknown</small>\n| —\n| —\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: Tidak diketahui<br> </small>\n|-\n| 2001\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | '''''Ultimate High'''''\n\n* <small> Tanggal rilis: 13 November 2001</small>\n* <small> Label: MCA Records</small>\n| —\n| —\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: 378</small>\n|-\n| colspan=\"5\" style=\"font-size:8pt\" | Tanda \"—\" menunjukkan album tidak masuk dalam tangga musik<br>\n|}\n\n=== Singel ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;\"\n\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Tahun<br>\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Singel\n! Puncak\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Album\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Penjualan<br>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! style=\"width:50px;\" | [[Billboard Hot 100|AS]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2001\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \"I'm Gonna Blow Your Mind\"\n| —\n| rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | ''Ultimate High''\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: Tidak tersedia<br> </small>\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \"Beautiful You\"\n| —\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: Tidak tersedia<br> </small>\n|-\n| colspan=\"5\" style=\"font-size:8pt\" | Tanda \"—\" menunjukkan lagu tidak masuk dalam tangga musik\n|}\n\n=== We Are the Fallen ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;\"\n\n! Tahun<br>\n! Detail album\n|-\n| 2010\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | '''''Tear the World Down'''''\n* Rilis: 11 Mei 2010\n* Label: Universal Republic\n* Posisi puncak pada Billboard 200 AS – No. 33\n* Penjualan AS: 40.000\n|}\n\n== Filmografi ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%;\"\n\n! colspan=\"3\" style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" | Film\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n! style=\"background:#ccc;\" | Tahun<br>\n! style=\"background:#ccc;\" | Film\n! style=\"background:#ccc;\" | Peran<br>\n|-\n| 1990\n| ''Fools of Fortune''\n| Marianne muda<br>\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.carlysmithson.com/ Situs web resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223045544/http://www.carlysmithson.com/ |date=2010-02-23 }}\n* [http://archive.americanidol.com/contestants/season_7/carly_smithson Carly Smithson]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<span> di </span>''[[American Idol]]''\n* [http://www.mcarecords.com/artistMain.asp?artistid=186 Laman artis resmi di MCA Records]\n* {{Imdb nama|0377281}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemeran perempuan Amerika Serikat]]","hash":"024b33f59ed2a30dbdb222a10ad2c0980d5f2e64887e93dcccbd8f6f8acb9d31","last_revision":"2021-09-30T12:48:36Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:40:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.276046","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"كارلى سميثسون","de":"Carly Smithson","en":"Carly Smithson","es":"Carly Smithson","fi":"Carly Smithson","fr":"Carly Smithson","it":"Carly Smithson","mk":"Карли Смитсон","pt":"Carly Smithson","ru":"Смитсон, Карли","uk":"Карлі Смітсон"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Carly Smithson ( dengan nama Carly Sarah Hennessy) adalah seorang penyanyi soul/pop rock, penulis lagu, dan aktris yang menjadi finalis posisi keenam pada kompetisi mencari bakat American Idol musim ketujuh. Pada tahun 2001, Smithson merilis album studionya yang pertama untuk MCA Records berjudul Ultimate High. Smithson dikeluarkan dari label rekaman itu tahun 2002. Setelah diperkenalkan kepada produser rekaman Ben Moody pada awal 2009, rencana untuk album solo Smithson pasca-Idol dibatalkan dan ia kini menjadi penyanyi utama band metal gotik, We are the Fallen.\n\nSmithson lahir di Dublin, Irlandia, dari pasangan Marie Murray dan Luke Hennessy. Setelah tinggal di Dublin selama 6 bulan, Smithson dan orang tuanya pindah ke Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan. Mereka kemudian pindah kembali ke Dublin saat ia berusia 4 tahun. Saat usia itu pula Smithson mulai bernyanyi dan memperoleh sedikit pengalaman peran. Ia tampil dalam iklan sosis Denny's selama tiga tahun sejak berusia lima tahun. Tahun 1990, Smithson memainkan peran Marianne muda dalam Fools of Fortune. Dua tahun kemudian, tepatnya tahun 1992, ia terpilih dalam film Les Misérables dan berperan sebagai Cosette kecil di Irlandia. Saat berusia 10 tahun, ia merilis sebuah CD independen berjudul Carly's Christmas Album di Britania Raya. Orang tuanya bercerai saat Smithson berusia 14 tahun. Setahun kemudian, yaitu tahun 1999, ia dan ayahnya pindah ke Amerika Serikat agar ia dapat mengembangkan karier dalam musik. Dalam pendidikan, Smithson tidak menyelesaikan SMA.\n\nSetelah kontrak rekamannya dengan MCA Records berakhir, Smithson memutuskan untuk beristirahat dari musik. Ia bertemu dengan suaminya Todd Smithson, seorang seniman tato, di San Diego. Selama beberapa tahun mereka tinggal di Marietta, Georgia. Di sana Smithson bekerja di sebuah bar Irlandia bernama Fado. Tanpa disengaja, Michael Johns (seorang finalis American Idol musim 7) tampil setiap minggu di Fado, menggunakan nama aslinya Michael Lee. Tahun 2005, Smithson dan suaminya pindah ke San Diego, tempat tinggal mereka saat ini. Smithson memiliki seorang abang tiri bernama Nik dan adik perempuan bernama Shannon. Smithson juga bekerja di Nothing Sacred, sebuah toko tato di San Diego milik suaminya. Smithson memiliki sembilan tato di tubuhnya. Tanggal 9 Juni 2012, Smithson mengumumkan bahwa ia sedang mengandung anak pertamanya. Ia melahirkan seorang anak perempuan yang diberi nama Olivia Mabel Smithson pada 30 September 2012.\n\nSitus web resmi Carly Smithson di American Idol Laman artis resmi di MCA Records\n\nKategori:Pemeran perempuan Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox musical artist\n| name = Carly Smithson\n| image =  Carly Smithson in parade.jpg\n| caption = Smithson dalam iring-iringan mobil the American Idol Experience di [[Disney World|Walt Disney World]] tahun 2009.\n| background = penyanyi solo\n| birth_name = Carly Sarah Hennessy\n| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|9|12}}\n| birth_place = [[Dublin]], [[Irlandia]]\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| genre = [[Musik gothic|metal gotik]], pop, soul\n| occupation = \n {{ Flat list| \n* Penyanyi\n* Penulis lagu\n* Aktris\n}}\n| instrument = Vokal\n| years_active = 1990–sekarang\n| label = Independen <small>(1993–1999)</small><br />[[MCA Records]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[Universal Republic]] <small>(2009–2011)</small><ref name=\"reuters.com\">{{Cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS171127+28-Oct-2009+BW20091028 | work=Reuters | title=Universal Republic Records Signs New Rock Band We Are the Fallen | date=28-10-2009 | language=bahasa Inggris | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205044448/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/28/idUS171127+28-Oct-2009+BW20091028 | archivedate=2013-02-05 | deadurl=yes | accessdate=06-06-2016 }}</ref>\n| associated_acts = [[We Are the Fallen]]\n| website = [https://www.myspace.com/carlysmithson www.CarlySmithson.com]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Carly Smithson ( dengan nama Carly Sarah Hennessy) adalah seorang penyanyi soul/pop rock, penulis lagu, dan aktris yang menjadi finalis posisi keenam pada kompetisi mencari bakat American Idol musim ketujuh.","translated_text":"Carly Smithson (born Carly Sarah Hennessy) is a soul/pop rock singer, songwriter, and actress who was the sixth place finalist on the seventh season of American Idol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|title=Carly Smithson|website=TV.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014|language=bahasa Inggris|archive-date=2008-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.550482-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|title=Carly Smithson|website=TV.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014|language=bahasa Inggris|archive-date=2008-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.592742-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2001, Smithson merilis album studionya yang pertama untuk MCA Records berjudul Ultimate High.","translated_text":"In 2001, Smithson released his first studio album for MCA Records entitled Ultimate High.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Smithson dikeluarkan dari label rekaman itu tahun 2002.","translated_text":"Smithson was dropped from the record label in 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah diperkenalkan kepada produser rekaman Ben Moody pada awal 2009, rencana untuk album solo Smithson pasca-Idol dibatalkan dan ia kini menjadi penyanyi utama band metal gotik, We are the Fallen.","translated_text":"After being introduced to record producer Ben Moody in early 2009, plans for Smithson's post-Idol solo album were cancelled and he is now the lead singer of the gothic metal band, We are the Fallen.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol Tracker\">{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|title=Carly Smithson to join forces with ex-Evanescence musicians to become the Fallen|publisher=LA Times|date=18-06-2009|accessdate=18-06-2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620033134/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|archivedate=2009-06-20}}</ref>","char_index":199,"name":"Idol Tracker","url":"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.661647-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol Tracker\">{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|title=Carly Smithson to join forces with ex-Evanescence musicians to become the Fallen|publisher=LA Times|date=18-06-2009|accessdate=18-06-2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620033134/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|archivedate=2009-06-20}}</ref>","char_index":199,"name":"Idol Tracker","url":"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.661647-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is 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|subscription=yes}}</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"online.wsj.com","url":"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1014678641479060480.html?mod=Page+One","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":543235,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.990759-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (45 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"blog.mattgoyer.com\">{{Cite web |url=http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html|title=Pop Singer Fails To Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent By MCA|publisher=Blog.mattgoyer.com|date=04-11-2005|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"blog.mattgoyer.com","url":"http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":7630,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.277109-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tinggal di Dublin selama 6 bulan, Smithson dan orang tuanya pindah ke Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan.","translated_text":"After living in Dublin for six months, Smithson and his parents moved to Johannesburg, South Africa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka kemudian pindah kembali ke Dublin saat ia berusia 4 tahun.","translated_text":"They then moved back to Dublin when he was 4 years old.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat usia itu pula Smithson mulai bernyanyi dan memperoleh sedikit pengalaman peran.","translated_text":"It was at this age that Smithson began singing and gained some acting experience.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tampil dalam iklan sosis Denny's selama tiga tahun sejak berusia lima tahun.","translated_text":"She appeared in a commercial for Denny's sausage for three years from the age of five.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1990, Smithson memainkan peran Marianne muda dalam Fools of Fortune.","translated_text":"In 1990, Smithson played the role of young Marianne in Fools of Fortune.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen A&M|publisher=Geffen.com|accessdate=26-07-2014|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095702/http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":74,"name":"geffen","url":"http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.435902-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen 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berjudul Carly's Christmas Album di Britania Raya.","translated_text":"At the age of 10, she released an independent CD titled Carly's Christmas Album in the United Kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen A&M|publisher=Geffen.com|accessdate=26-07-2014|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095702/http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":105,"name":"geffen","url":"http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.435902-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang tuanya bercerai saat Smithson berusia 14 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charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":402792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.642313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (47 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"atlantajournal\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|title=‘Idol’ Hopeful Ousted, But Upbeat|accessdate=04-05-2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426183627/http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|archivedate=2008-04-26}}</ref>","char_index":138,"name":"atlantajournal","url":"http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":402792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.642313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (47 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 2005, Smithson dan suaminya pindah ke San Diego, tempat tinggal mereka saat ini.","translated_text":"In 2005, Smithson and her husband moved to San Diego, where they currently reside.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Smithson memiliki seorang abang tiri bernama Nik dan adik perempuan bernama Shannon.","translated_text":"Smithson has a half-brother named Nik and a sister named Shannon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tvguide\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522|title=Carly Smithson Biography|publisher=Tvguide.com|date=28-11-2012|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":48,"name":"tvguide","url":"http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":168637,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:12.760393-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (43 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Smithson juga bekerja di Nothing Sacred, sebuah toko tato di San Diego milik suaminya.","translated_text":"Smithson also worked at Nothing Sacred, a San Diego tattoo shop owned by her husband.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Smithson memiliki sembilan tato di tubuhnya.","translated_text":"Smithson has nine tattoos on his body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tvguide\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522|title=Carly Smithson Biography|publisher=Tvguide.com|date=28-11-2012|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":44,"name":"tvguide","url":"http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":168637,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:12.760393-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (43 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tanggal 9 Juni 2012, Smithson mengumumkan bahwa ia sedang mengandung anak pertamanya.","translated_text":"On June 9, 2012, Smithson announced that she was pregnant with her first child.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twitpic.com/9uqyzp|title=Ok here is my big news – IM GONNA BE A MOMMY Y'ALL !!!!!! on Twitpic|publisher=Twitpic.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"http://twitpic.com/9uqyzp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2252,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.106368-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia melahirkan seorang anak perempuan yang diberi nama Olivia Mabel Smithson pada 30 September 2012.","translated_text":"She gave birth to a daughter named Olivia Mabel Smithson on September 30, 2012.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|author=MJ|url=http://www.mjsbigblog.com/carly-smithson-has-a-baby-girl.htm|title=Carly Smithson Has a Baby Girl! |publisher=mjsbigblog.com|accessdate=10-03-2012}}</ref>","char_index":99,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mjsbigblog.com/carly-smithson-has-a-baby-girl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.144643-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Diskografi","translated_text":"Discography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Album","translated_text":"The album","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;\"\n\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Tahun<br>\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Detail album\n! colspan=\"2\" | Posisi tertinggi\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Sertifikasi<br>\n<small>([[Sertifikasi penjualan rekaman musik|berdasarkan penjualan]])</small>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! style=\"width:40px;\" | [[Billboard 200|AS]]\n! style=\"width:40px;\" | Digital<br>\nAS\n|-\n| 1993\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | '''''Carly's Christmas Album'''''\n\n* <small> Tanggal rilis: Tidak diketahui</small>\n* <small> Label: Unknown</small>\n| —\n| —\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: Tidak diketahui<br> </small>\n|-\n| 2001\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | '''''Ultimate High'''''\n\n* <small> Tanggal rilis: 13 November 2001</small>\n* <small> Label: MCA Records</small>\n| —\n| —\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: 378</small>\n|-\n| colspan=\"5\" style=\"font-size:8pt\" | Tanda \"—\" menunjukkan album tidak masuk dalam tangga musik<br>\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Singel","translated_text":"Singles","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;\"\n\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Tahun<br>\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Singel\n! Puncak\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Album\n! rowspan=\"2\" | Penjualan<br>\n|- style=\"font-size:smaller;\"\n! style=\"width:50px;\" | [[Billboard Hot 100|AS]]\n|-\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 2001\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \"I'm Gonna Blow Your Mind\"\n| —\n| rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | ''Ultimate High''\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: Tidak tersedia<br> </small>\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \"Beautiful You\"\n| —\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | \n* <small> Penjualan: Tidak tersedia<br> </small>\n|-\n| colspan=\"5\" style=\"font-size:8pt\" | Tanda \"—\" menunjukkan lagu tidak masuk dalam tangga musik\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"We Are the Fallen","translated_text":"We Are the Fallen","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px;\"\n\n! Tahun<br>\n! Detail album\n|-\n| 2010\n| style=\"text-align:left;\" | '''''Tear the World Down'''''\n* Rilis: 11 Mei 2010\n* Label: Universal Republic\n* Posisi puncak pada Billboard 200 AS – No. 33\n* Penjualan AS: 40.000\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%;\"\n\n! colspan=\"3\" style=\"background:#B0C4DE;\" | Film\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n! style=\"background:#ccc;\" | Tahun<br>\n! style=\"background:#ccc;\" | Film\n! style=\"background:#ccc;\" | Peran<br>\n|-\n| 1990\n| ''Fools of Fortune''\n| Marianne muda<br>\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Situs web resmi Carly Smithson di American Idol Laman artis resmi di MCA Records","translated_text":"The official website of Carly Smithson on American Idol The official artist page on MCA Records","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223045544/http://www.carlysmithson.com/ |date=2010-02-23 }}","char_index":16,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100223045544/http://www.carlysmithson.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.256352-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pemeran perempuan Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"Category:Women's roles in the United States","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Carly Smithson ( dengan nama Carly Sarah Hennessy) adalah seorang penyanyi soul/pop rock, penulis lagu, dan aktris yang menjadi finalis posisi keenam pada kompetisi mencari bakat American Idol musim ketujuh.","translated_text":"Carly Smithson (born Carly Sarah Hennessy) is a soul/pop rock singer, songwriter, and actress who was the sixth place finalist on the seventh season of American Idol.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|title=Carly Smithson|website=TV.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014|language=bahasa Inggris|archive-date=2008-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.550482-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|author=|url=http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|title=Carly Smithson|website=TV.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014|language=bahasa Inggris|archive-date=2008-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020139/http://www.tv.com/carly-smithson/person/613676/summary.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.592742-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2001, Smithson merilis album studionya yang pertama untuk MCA Records berjudul Ultimate High. Smithson dikeluarkan dari label rekaman itu tahun 2002. Setelah diperkenalkan kepada produser rekaman Ben Moody pada awal 2009, rencana untuk album solo Smithson pasca-Idol dibatalkan dan ia kini menjadi penyanyi utama band metal gotik, We are the Fallen.","translated_text":"In 2001, Smithson released his first studio album for MCA Records entitled Ultimate High. Smithson was dropped from the record label in 2002. After being introduced to record producer Ben Moody in early 2009, plans for Smithson's post-Idol solo album were cancelled and he is now the lead singer of the gothic metal band, We are the Fallen.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol Tracker\">{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|title=Carly Smithson to join forces with ex-Evanescence musicians to become the Fallen|publisher=LA Times|date=18-06-2009|accessdate=18-06-2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620033134/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|archivedate=2009-06-20}}</ref>","char_index":360,"name":"Idol Tracker","url":"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.661647-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Idol Tracker\">{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|title=Carly Smithson to join forces with ex-Evanescence musicians to become the Fallen|publisher=LA Times|date=18-06-2009|accessdate=18-06-2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620033134/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html|archivedate=2009-06-20}}</ref>","char_index":360,"name":"Idol Tracker","url":"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2009/06/carly-smithson-to-join-forces-with-exevanescence-musicians-to-become-the-fallen.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/plain","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.661647-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Smithson lahir di Dublin, Irlandia, dari pasangan Marie Murray dan Luke Hennessy.","translated_text":"Smithson was born in Dublin, Ireland, to Marie Murray and Luke Hennessy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"online.wsj.com\">{{Cite news |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1014678641479060480.html?mod=Page+One|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Pop Singer Fails to Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent by MCA|first1=Jennifer|last1=Ordoñez|date=26-02-2002 |subscription=yes}}</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"online.wsj.com","url":"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1014678641479060480.html?mod=Page+One","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":543235,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.990759-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (45 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"blog.mattgoyer.com\">{{Cite web |url=http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html|title=Pop Singer Fails To Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent By MCA|publisher=Blog.mattgoyer.com|date=04-11-2005|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"blog.mattgoyer.com","url":"http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":7630,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.277109-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat usia itu pula Smithson mulai bernyanyi dan memperoleh sedikit pengalaman peran. Ia tampil dalam iklan sosis Denny's selama tiga tahun sejak berusia lima tahun. Tahun 1990, Smithson memainkan peran Marianne muda dalam Fools of Fortune.","translated_text":"It was at this age that Smithson began singing and gained some acting experience. She appeared in a commercial for Denny's sausage for three years from the age of five. In 1990, Smithson played the role of young Marianne in Fools of Fortune.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen A&M|publisher=Geffen.com|accessdate=26-07-2014|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095702/http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":239,"name":"geffen","url":"http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.435902-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen A&M|publisher=Geffen.com|accessdate=26-07-2014|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095702/http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":239,"name":"geffen","url":"http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.435902-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun 1990, Smithson memainkan peran Marianne muda dalam Fools of Fortune. Dua tahun kemudian, tepatnya tahun 1992, ia terpilih dalam film Les Misérables dan berperan sebagai Cosette kecil di Irlandia. Saat berusia 10 tahun, ia merilis sebuah CD independen berjudul Carly's Christmas Album di Britania Raya.","translated_text":"In 1990, Smithson played the role of young Marianne in Fools of Fortune. Two years later, in 1992, she was cast in the film Les Misérables and played a little Cosette in Ireland. At the age of 10, she released an independent CD titled Carly's Christmas Album in the United Kingdom.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"geffen\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|title=Intersope Geffen A&M|publisher=Geffen.com|accessdate=26-07-2014|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095702/http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy|dead-url=yes}}</ref>","char_index":307,"name":"geffen","url":"http://www.geffen.com/carlyhennessy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.435902-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Orang tuanya bercerai saat Smithson berusia 14 tahun. Setahun kemudian, yaitu tahun 1999, ia dan ayahnya pindah ke Amerika Serikat agar ia dapat mengembangkan karier dalam musik. Dalam pendidikan, Smithson tidak menyelesaikan SMA.","translated_text":"Her parents divorced when Smithson was 14. A year later, in 1999, he and his father moved to the United States to pursue a career in music. In education, Smithson did not finish high school.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"online.wsj.com\">{{Cite news |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1014678641479060480.html?mod=Page+One|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Pop Singer Fails to Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent by MCA|first1=Jennifer|last1=Ordoñez|date=26-02-2002 |subscription=yes}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":"online.wsj.com","url":"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1014678641479060480.html?mod=Page+One","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":543235,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:10.990759-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (45 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"blog.mattgoyer.com\">{{Cite web |url=http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html|title=Pop Singer Fails To Strike a Chord Despite the Millions Spent By MCA|publisher=Blog.mattgoyer.com|date=04-11-2005|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":"blog.mattgoyer.com","url":"http://blog.mattgoyer.com/stories/2002/02/21/popSingerFailsToStrikeAChordDespiteTheMillionsSpentByMCA.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":7630,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.277109-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah kontrak rekamannya dengan MCA Records berakhir, Smithson memutuskan untuk beristirahat dari musik.","translated_text":"After his recording contract with MCA Records ended, Smithson decided to take a break from music.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"mtv\">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586223/20080424/index.jhtml|title='American Idol': The Guys Have It? Carly Smithson Says Contest Is 'A Bit of a Struggle for the Ladies'|publisher=MTV|date=24-04-2008|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":106,"name":"mtv","url":"http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1586223/20080424/index.jhtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":427,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.607371-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selama beberapa tahun mereka tinggal di Marietta, Georgia. Di sana Smithson bekerja di sebuah bar Irlandia bernama Fado. Tanpa disengaja, Michael Johns (seorang finalis American Idol musim 7) tampil setiap minggu di Fado, menggunakan nama aslinya Michael Lee.","translated_text":"For several years they lived in Marietta, Georgia. There Smithson worked at an Irish bar called Fado. Unintentionally, Michael Johns (an American Idol season 7 finalist) appears weekly on Fado, using his real name Michael Lee.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"atlantajournal\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|title=‘Idol’ Hopeful Ousted, But Upbeat|accessdate=04-05-2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426183627/http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|archivedate=2008-04-26}}</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"atlantajournal","url":"http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":402792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.642313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (47 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"atlantajournal\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|title=‘Idol’ Hopeful Ousted, But Upbeat|accessdate=04-05-2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426183627/http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html|archivedate=2008-04-26}}</ref>","char_index":259,"name":"atlantajournal","url":"http://www.accessatlanta.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/accessatlanta/peachbuzz/entries/2008/04/25/a_good_sign_for.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":402792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:11.642313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (47 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tanpa disengaja, Michael Johns (seorang finalis American Idol musim 7) tampil setiap minggu di Fado, menggunakan nama aslinya Michael Lee. Tahun 2005, Smithson dan suaminya pindah ke San Diego, tempat tinggal mereka saat ini. Smithson memiliki seorang abang tiri bernama Nik dan adik perempuan bernama Shannon.","translated_text":"Unintentionally, Michael Johns (an American Idol season 7 finalist) appears weekly on Fado, using his real name Michael Lee. In 2005, Smithson and her husband moved to San Diego, where they currently reside. Smithson has a half-brother named Nik and a sister named Shannon.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tvguide\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522|title=Carly Smithson Biography|publisher=Tvguide.com|date=28-11-2012|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":274,"name":"tvguide","url":"http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":168637,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:12.760393-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (43 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Smithson memiliki seorang abang tiri bernama Nik dan adik perempuan bernama Shannon. Smithson juga bekerja di Nothing Sacred, sebuah toko tato di San Diego milik suaminya. Smithson memiliki sembilan tato di tubuhnya.","translated_text":"Smithson has a half-brother named Nik and a sister named Shannon. Smithson also worked at Nothing Sacred, a San Diego tattoo shop owned by her husband. Smithson has nine tattoos on his body.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"tvguide\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522|title=Carly Smithson Biography|publisher=Tvguide.com|date=28-11-2012|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":216,"name":"tvguide","url":"http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carly-smithson/bio/292522","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":168637,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:12.760393-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (43 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Smithson juga bekerja di Nothing Sacred, sebuah toko tato di San Diego milik suaminya. Smithson memiliki sembilan tato di tubuhnya. Tanggal 9 Juni 2012, Smithson mengumumkan bahwa ia sedang mengandung anak pertamanya.","translated_text":"Smithson also worked at Nothing Sacred, a San Diego tattoo shop owned by her husband. Smithson has nine tattoos on his body. On June 9, 2012, Smithson announced that she was pregnant with her first child.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twitpic.com/9uqyzp|title=Ok here is my big news – IM GONNA BE A MOMMY Y'ALL !!!!!! on Twitpic|publisher=Twitpic.com|date=|accessdate=26-07-2014}}</ref>","char_index":217,"name":null,"url":"http://twitpic.com/9uqyzp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2252,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.106368-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Smithson memiliki sembilan tato di tubuhnya. Tanggal 9 Juni 2012, Smithson mengumumkan bahwa ia sedang mengandung anak pertamanya. Ia melahirkan seorang anak perempuan yang diberi nama Olivia Mabel Smithson pada 30 September 2012.","translated_text":"Smithson has nine tattoos on his body. On June 9, 2012, Smithson announced that she was pregnant with her first child. She gave birth to a daughter named Olivia Mabel Smithson on September 30, 2012.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{Cite web|author=MJ|url=http://www.mjsbigblog.com/carly-smithson-has-a-baby-girl.htm|title=Carly Smithson Has a Baby Girl! |publisher=mjsbigblog.com|accessdate=10-03-2012}}</ref>","char_index":230,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mjsbigblog.com/carly-smithson-has-a-baby-girl.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.144643-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Situs web resmi Carly Smithson di American Idol Laman artis resmi di MCA Records","translated_text":"The official website of Carly Smithson on American Idol The official artist page on MCA Records","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223045544/http://www.carlysmithson.com/ |date=2010-02-23 }}","char_index":16,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100223045544/http://www.carlysmithson.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.256352-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Harmoko (pesepak bola)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Harmoko (pemain sepak bola)]]","hash":"6ab58a7c9c809238b5006238b2c2c2ad513b33667efa2d14dd15abc51b1fddd2","last_revision":"2022-09-22T12:00:16Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:40:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.330473","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Harmoko (pemain sepak bola)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Harmoko (pemain sepak bola)","translated_text":"I'm not sure I'm going to be able to do it.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Claudemir Jeronimo Barretto","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Cacau]]","hash":"e373df40115ae0e4bc25d6df3d54be85b545675fa34544778553226edfcd6958","last_revision":"2010-06-14T13:41:04Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:41:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.386811","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Cacau\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Cacau","translated_text":"It's a mess.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Gastronomi","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Cuisine}}\n\n[[Kategori:Nutrisi]]\n[[Kategori:Pariwisata]]\n[[Kategori:Budaya]]\n[[Kategori:Makanan]]\n[[Kategori:Hobi]]\n\n[[bn:বিষয়শ্রেণী:রন্ধনপ্রণালী]]\n[[bo:Category:ཟས་ཀྱི་རིག་པ།]]\n[[ja:Category:料理]]\n[[lo:ໝວດ:ອາຫານ]]","hash":"d092c8f83508f848e64a4e0df4ef4c45c1bac3995cb07f4250a91e27739ff95b","last_revision":"2013-05-14T09:40:42Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:41:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.444894","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Kategorie:Gastronomie","an":"Categoría:Gastronomía","ar":"تصنيف:فن الأكل","ast":"Categoría:Gastronomía","az":"Kateqoriya:Qastronomiya","ba":"Категория:Гастрономия","bar":"Kategorie:Gastronomie","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Гастраномія","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:রন্ধনপ্রণালী","bo":"Category:ཟས་ཀྱི་རིག་པ།","ca":"Categoria:Gastronomia","cbk-zam":"Categoría:Gastronomia","ce":"Категори:Гастрономи","ckb":"پۆل:ھونەری خواردن","cs":"Kategorie:Gastronomie","da":"Kategori:Gastronomi","de":"Kategorie:Gastronomie","diq":"Kategori:Gastronomiye","el":"Κατηγορία:Γαστρονομία","en":"Category:Gastronomy","eo":"Kategorio:Gastronomio","es":"Categoría:Gastronomía","eu":"Kategoria:Gastronomia","fa":"رده:هنر آشپزی","fr":"Catégorie:Gastronomie","fy":"Kategory:Gastronomy","gl":"Categoría:Gastronomía","he":"קטגוריה:גסטרונומיה","hr":"Kategorija:Gastronomija","hu":"Kategória:Gasztronómia","hy":"Կատեգորիա:Սննդագիտություն","ia":"Categoria:Gastronomia","ilo":"Kategoria:Gastronomia","inh":"ОагӀат:Гастрономи","io":"Kategorio:Gastronomio","is":"Flokkur:Matur","it":"Categoria:Gastronomia","ja":"Category:料理","ka":"კატეგორია:გასტრონომია","ko":"분류:요리학","krc":"Категория:Гастрономия","lb":"Kategorie:Gastronomie","lij":"Categorîa:Gastronomia","lo":"ໝວດ:ອາຫານ","mdf":"Категорие:Гастрономиясь","mk":"Категорија:Гастрономија","mwl":"Catadorie:Gastronomie","nl":"Categorie:Gastronomie","nb":"Kategori:Gastronomi","oc":"Categoria:Gastronomia","pl":"Kategoria:Gastronomia","pt":"Categoria:Gastronomia","ro":"Categorie:Gastronomie","ru":"Категория:Гастрономия","sh":"Kategorija:Gastronomija","si":"ප්‍රවර්ගය:Gastronomy","sk":"Kategória:Gastronómia","sr":"Категорија:Гастрономија","sv":"Kategori:Gastronomi","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Хӯрокшиносӣ","th":"หมวดหมู่:วิทยาการทำอาหาร","tk":"Kategoriýa:Gastronomiýa","tl":"Kategorya:Gastronomiya","tr":"Kategori:Gastronomi","tt":"Төркем:Гастрономия","uk":"Категорія:Гастрономія","ur":"زمرہ:خوش خوراکی","vi":"Thể loại:Nghệ thuật ăn uống","zh":"Category:美食学"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Kategori:Nutrisi Kategori:Pariwisata Kategori:Budaya Kategori:Makanan Kategori:Hobi\n\nbn:বিষয়শ্রেণী:রন্ধনপ্রণালী bo:Category:ཟས་ཀྱི་རིག་པ། ja:Category:料理 lo:ໝວດ:ອາຫານ\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Nutrisi Kategori:Pariwisata Kategori:Budaya Kategori:Makanan Kategori:Hobi","translated_text":"Category:Nutrition Category:Tourism Category:Culture Category:Food Category:Hobbies","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"bn:বিষয়শ্রেণী:রন্ধনপ্রণালী bo:Category:ཟས་ཀྱི་རིག་པ། ja:Category:料理 lo:ໝວດ:ອາຫານ","translated_text":"nba:this is a list of foods that have been cooked in the past.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kebocoran minyak Deepwater Horizon","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling unit on fire 2010.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Kebakaran di Deepwater Horizon]]\n\n[[Berkas:BP Oil spill Chandeleur IslandsLA.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Bocoran minyak sekitar [[Chandeleur Islands]], Louisiana]]\n'''Kebocoran minyak ''Deepwater Horizon''''' (atau '''Bocoran minyak BP''') adalah kebocoran minyak yang terjadi di [[Teluk Meksiko]] pada 20 April 2010 dan merupakan tumpahan minyak terbesar di lepas pantai dalam sejarah AS.<ref>Staff (2010-05-27). [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-05-27-oil-spill-news_N.htm?csp=34news \"Obama, in Gulf, pledges to push on stopping leak\"]. ''USA Today''.</ref> Sumber minyak adalah dari dasar laut {{convert|10000|ft|m}} di bawah permukaan. Peristiwa ini menyebabkan malapetaka lingkungan, karena memengaruhi habitat binatang laut. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat menyebut [[BP]] sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab.\n\n''[[Deepwater Horizon]]'' adalah [[anjungan lepas pantai]] yang berdiri selama 9 tahun. Anjungan ini dibangun oleh [[Hyundai Heavy Industries]]. Pada tanggal 20 April 2010, sejumlah gas keluar dari sumur dan meledak, menyebabkan 11 orang pekerja meninggal di tempat. Sebagian besar pegawai anjungan dievakuasi dengan perahu dan helikopter. Pada tanggal 22 April 2010, minyak bumi mulai keluar dari dasar laut di Deepwater Horizon.\n\nPada tanggal [[15 Juli]] [[2010]], BP mengatakan kebocoran itu telah dihentikan dengan menutup sumber semburan minyak,<ref name=\"Yahoo-20100715\">{{cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/us_gulf_oil_spill;_ylt=AihedCr1bCoiZviZRpUAx8Cs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTNoY3JtbTFxBGFzc2V0A2FwLzIwMTAwNzE1L3VzX2d1bGZfb2lsX3NwaWxsBGNjb2RlA21vc3Rwb3B1bGFyBGNwb3MDMgRwb3MDNwRwdANob21lX2Nva2UEc2VjA3luX3RvcF9zdG9yeQRzbGsDYnBub29pbGxlYWtp|title=BP: No oil leaking into Gulf from busted well|publisher=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! News]]|accessdate=2010-07-20|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> meskipun ada risiko bahwa pergeseran tekanan yang signifikan dapat menciptakan sebuah kebocoran baru di dasar laut.<ref name=\"Yahoo7-20100715\">{{cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/australian-news/7592100/bp-begins-pressure-test-on-well-cap/|title=BP begins pressure test on well cap|publisher=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! 7 News]]|accessdate=2010-07-20|date=2010-07-15|archive-date=2010-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719013511/http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/australian-news/7592100/bp-begins-pressure-test-on-well-cap/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.sitelab.nl/projects/bp/ Live Video link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614120832/http://www.sitelab.nl/projects/bp/ |date=2010-06-14 }} Live Feeds from remotely operated vehicles (Sitelab Internet Engineering)\n* [http://www.bp.com/extendedsectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=40&contentId=7061813 Gulf of Mexico response] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530063943/http://www.bp.com/extendedsectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=40&contentId=7061813 |date=2010-05-30 }} from [[BP]], including live video feed of riser\n* [http://www.deepwaterhorizonresponse.com/ Deepwater Horizon Response] from the Deepwater Horizon Unified Command (U.S. Government/BP/Transocean)\n\n[[Kategori:BP]]\n[[Kategori:Bencana dalam tahun 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Tumpahan minyak]]\n[[Kategori:Amerika Serikat dalam tahun 2010]]","hash":"54ee77c0aafea8240ac4f44f13b67965b6d31d2362244647b20f5eaf0bae25ab","last_revision":"2023-02-22T18:18:16Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:45:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.506239","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Deepwater Horizon-oliestorting","ar":"التسرب النفطي في خليج المكسيك 2010","az":"Deepwater Horizon neft sızması","bg":"Нефтен разлив в Мексиканския залив","cy":"Arllwysiad olew Deepwater Horizon","da":"Olieudslippet i den Mexicanske Golf 2010","de":"Ölpest im Golf von Mexiko 2010","el":"Πετρελαιοκηλίδα στον κόλπο του Μεξικού (2010)","en":"Deepwater Horizon oil spill","eo":"Ekokatastrofo en la Meksika Golfo (2010)","et":"2010. aasta Mehhiko lahe naftareostus","eu":"Mexikoko golkoaren marea beltza","fa":"لکه نفتی خلیج مکزیک","fi":"Meksikonlahden öljyonnettomuus 2010","fr":"Marée noire de Deepwater Horizon","fy":"Oaljeramp yn de Golf fan Meksiko (2010)","he":"דליפת הנפט במפרץ מקסיקו (2010)","hr":"Izljev nafte u Meksičkom zaljevu 2010.","it":"Disastro ambientale della piattaforma petrolifera Deepwater Horizon","ja":"2010年メキシコ湾原油流出事故","kn":"ಡೀಪ್ ವಾಟರ್ ಹೊರೈಸನ್ ತೈಲ ಸೋರಿಕೆ","ko":"딥워터 허라이즌 기름 유출 사고","lv":"2010. gada Meksikas līča naftas izplūdums","ml":"ഡീപ്‌വാട്ടർ ഹൊറൈസൻ എണ്ണച്ചോർച്ച","ms":"Tumpahan minyak Teluk Mexico 2010","my":"မက္ကဆီကို ပင်လယ်ကွေ့ ရေနံယိုဖိတ်မှု (၂၀၁၀)","nl":"Olieramp in de Golf van Mexico 2010","nb":"Deepwater Horizon-utblåsningen","pt":"Derramamento de óleo da Deepwater Horizon","ru":"Разлив нефти на Deepwater Horizon","sh":"Izljev nafte u Meksičkom zaljevu 2010.","simple":"Deepwater Horizon oil spill","sl":"Izliv nafte v Mehiški zaliv (2010)","sv":"Oljeutsläppet i Mexikanska golfen 2010","th":"การรั่วไหลของน้ำมันดิบจากแท่นขุดเจาะดีพวอเทอร์ฮอไรซัน","tr":"Deepwater Horizon petrol sızıntısı","uk":"Розлив нафти на Deepwater Horizon","vi":"Vụ tràn dầu Deepwater Horizon","zh":"2010年墨西哥灣漏油事故"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Kebocoran minyak Deepwater Horizon (atau Bocoran minyak BP) adalah kebocoran minyak yang terjadi di Teluk Meksiko pada 20 April 2010 dan merupakan tumpahan minyak terbesar di lepas pantai dalam sejarah AS. Sumber minyak adalah dari dasar laut di bawah permukaan. Peristiwa ini menyebabkan malapetaka lingkungan, karena memengaruhi habitat binatang laut. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat menyebut BP sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab.\n\nDeepwater Horizon adalah anjungan lepas pantai yang berdiri selama 9 tahun. Anjungan ini dibangun oleh Hyundai Heavy Industries. Pada tanggal 20 April 2010, sejumlah gas keluar dari sumur dan meledak, menyebabkan 11 orang pekerja meninggal di tempat. Sebagian besar pegawai anjungan dievakuasi dengan perahu dan helikopter. Pada tanggal 22 April 2010, minyak bumi mulai keluar dari dasar laut di Deepwater Horizon.\n\nPada tanggal 15 Juli 2010, BP mengatakan kebocoran itu telah dihentikan dengan menutup sumber semburan minyak, meskipun ada risiko bahwa pergeseran tekanan yang signifikan dapat menciptakan sebuah kebocoran baru di dasar laut.\n\nLive Video link Live Feeds from remotely operated vehicles (Sitelab Internet Engineering) Gulf of Mexico response from BP, including live video feed of riser Deepwater Horizon Response from the Deepwater Horizon Unified Command (U.S. Government/BP/Transocean)\n\nKategori:BP Kategori:Bencana dalam tahun 2010 Kategori:Tumpahan minyak Kategori:Amerika Serikat dalam tahun 2010\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kebocoran minyak Deepwater Horizon (atau Bocoran minyak BP) adalah kebocoran minyak yang terjadi di Teluk Meksiko pada 20 April 2010 dan merupakan tumpahan minyak terbesar di lepas pantai dalam sejarah AS.","translated_text":"The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (or BP oil spill) was an oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010 and was the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>Staff (2010-05-27). [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-05-27-oil-spill-news_N.htm?csp=34news \"Obama, in Gulf, pledges to push on stopping leak\"]. ''USA Today''.</ref>","char_index":205,"name":null,"url":"http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-05-27-oil-spill-news_N.htm?csp=34news","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":117630,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:13.327376-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09356689453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sumber minyak adalah dari dasar laut di bawah permukaan.","translated_text":"The source of oil is from the seabed below the surface.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peristiwa ini menyebabkan malapetaka lingkungan, karena memengaruhi habitat binatang laut.","translated_text":"These events led to environmental disasters, as they affected marine animal habitats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemerintah Amerika Serikat menyebut BP sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab.","translated_text":"The U.S. government calls BP responsible.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Deepwater Horizon adalah anjungan lepas pantai yang berdiri selama 9 tahun.","translated_text":"Deepwater Horizon is an offshore project that's been going on for nine years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anjungan ini dibangun oleh Hyundai Heavy Industries.","translated_text":"This target was built by Hyundai Heavy Industries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 20 April 2010, sejumlah gas keluar dari sumur dan meledak, menyebabkan 11 orang pekerja meninggal di tempat.","translated_text":"On April 20, 2010, a volume of gas leaked from the well and exploded, killing 11 workers on the spot.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar pegawai anjungan dievakuasi dengan perahu dan helikopter.","translated_text":"Most of the convoy personnel were evacuated by boat and helicopter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 22 April 2010, minyak bumi mulai keluar dari dasar laut di Deepwater Horizon.","translated_text":"On April 22, 2010, petroleum began to leak out of the seabed at the Deepwater Horizon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tanggal 15 Juli 2010, BP mengatakan kebocoran itu telah dihentikan dengan menutup sumber semburan minyak, meskipun ada risiko bahwa pergeseran tekanan yang signifikan dapat menciptakan sebuah kebocoran baru di dasar laut.","translated_text":"On 15 July 2010, BP said the leak had been stopped by closing the source of the oil spill, although there was a risk that a significant pressure shift could create a new leak at the seabed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Yahoo-20100715\">{{cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/us_gulf_oil_spill;_ylt=AihedCr1bCoiZviZRpUAx8Cs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTNoY3JtbTFxBGFzc2V0A2FwLzIwMTAwNzE1L3VzX2d1bGZfb2lsX3NwaWxsBGNjb2RlA21vc3Rwb3B1bGFyBGNwb3MDMgRwb3MDNwRwdANob21lX2Nva2UEc2VjA3luX3RvcF9zdG9yeQRzbGsDYnBub29pbGxlYWtp|title=BP: No oil leaking into Gulf from busted well|publisher=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! 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{{soccerbase|id=15624|name=Luke Young}}\n* [http://www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/Players/Postings/2005/05/PlayerProfile_Luke+Young TheFA.com profile]\n* [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=7687&cc=5739 ESPN Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118125150/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=7687 |date=2009-11-18 }}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{lifetime|1979||Young, Luke}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Inggris]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Queens Park Rangers F.C.]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Inggris}}","hash":"c23e3ec2eb8a4c974a3ac576d451967042a43fa83b131d4ea7f3543b80b30a51","last_revision":"2023-03-03T18:08:22Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:50:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.561607","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"لوك يونغ","arz":"لوك يونج","be-x-old":"Люк Янг","bg":"Люк Йънг","ca":"Luke Young","da":"Luke Young","de":"Luke Young","en":"Luke Young (footballer, born 1979)","es":"Luke Young","fa":"لوک یانگ","fi":"Luke 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+{"title":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername          = Gabriel Agbonlahor\n|image               = [[Berkas:Gabriel Agbonlahor.jpg]]\n|caption             = Agbonlahor berseragam [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]\n|fullname            = Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor<ref name=\"Summary\">{{Cite web|title = Gabriel Agbonlahor|url = http://www.soccerway.com/players/gabriel-agbonlahor/2812/|publisher = Soccerway|accessdate = 18 Juli 2011|archive-date = 2023-05-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230505035744/https://www.soccerway.com/players/gabriel-agbonlahor/2812/|dead-url = no}}</ref>\n|height              = {{height|m=1,80}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/PlayerProfiles/0,,10265~35272,00.html |title=Gabriel Agbonlahor |access-date=2011-10-05 |archive-date=2009-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731202006/http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/PlayerProfiles/0,,10265~35272,00.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> \n|dateofbirth         = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|10|13}}<ref name=lahiran>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/alansmith/2325560/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-at-home-on-big-stage.html|title=Gabriel Agbonlahor at home on big stage|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=12 November 2007|accessdate=11 Januari 2009|location=London|first=Alan|last=Smith|archive-date=2011-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805142346/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/alansmith/2325560/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-at-home-on-big-stage.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n|cityofbirth         = [[Birmingham]]\n|countryofbirth      = Inggris\n| currentclub = \n|position            = [[Penyerang]]<br />[[Gelandang#Gelandang sayap|Gelandang Sayap]]\n|youthyears1         =\n|youthyears2         = 1994–2005\n|youthclubs1         = Great Barr Falcons\n|youthclubs2         = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]\n| years1 = 2005–2018\n| clubs1 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]\n| caps1 = 341\n| goals1 = 76\n| years2 = 2005\n| clubs2 = → [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] (pinjaman)\n| caps2 = 2\n| goals2 = 0\n| years3 = 2005\n| clubs3 = → [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] (pinjaman)\n| caps3 = 8\n| goals3 = 0\n| totalcaps = 351\n| totalgoals = 76\n|nationalyears1      = 2006–2009\n|nationalyears2      = 2008–2009\n|nationalteam1       = {{timnasu|21|Inggris}}\n|nationalteam2       = {{timnas|Inggris}}\n|nationalcaps1       = 13\n|nationalgoals1      = 4\n|nationalcaps2       = 3\n|nationalgoals2      = 0\n}}\n'''Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor''' ({{lahirmati|[[Erdington]], [[Birmingham]]|13|10|1986}})<ref name=lahiran/> adalah mantan pemain [[sepak bola]] asal [[Inggris]] yang pernah bermain untuk [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] di [[Liga Primer Inggris]].\n\nAgbonlahor adalah keturunan [[Nigeria]] dan [[Skotlandia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Agbonlahor undecided on Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=8 Maret 2007 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2008 |archive-date=2007-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324071850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scots consider Agbonlahor call |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=10 Juni 2007 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2008 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829042245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref> Ia adalah pemain lulusan akademi sepak bola [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gabriel Agbonlahor commits to Aston Villa|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 November 2007|accessdate=17 Agustus 2008|location=London|first1=Patrick|last1=Nathanson|archive-date=2012-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111064248/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>\n\n== Prestasi ==\n=== Klub ===\n;Aston Villa\n* [[Piala Liga Inggris]]: Runner-up [[Piala Liga Inggris 2009–10|2009–2010]]\n* [[Piala FA]]: Runner-up [[Piala FA 2014–2015|2014–2015]]\n\n=== Internasional ===\n;Inggris U-21\n* [[Kejuaraan U-21 Eropa UEFA]]: Runner-up [[Kejuaraan U-21 Eropa UEFA 2009|2009]]\n\n=== Individu ===\n\n* Pemain Terbaik Bulanan [[Liga Utama Inggris]]: November 2007\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commons category}}\n*{{Soccerbase}}\n\n{{lifetime|1986||Agbonlahor, Gabriel}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Inggris]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Watford F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Sheffield Wednesday 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Agbonlahor","pl":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","pt":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","ro":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","ru":"Агбонлахор, Габриэль","simple":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","sv":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","th":"กาเบรียล อักบอนลาฮอร์","tr":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","uk":"Габрієль Агбонлахор","uz":"Gabriel Agbonlahor","zh":"加布里埃尔·阿邦拉霍"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor () adalah mantan pemain sepak bola asal Inggris yang pernah bermain untuk Aston Villa di Liga Primer Inggris.\n\nAgbonlahor adalah keturunan Nigeria dan Skotlandia. 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Month: November 2007","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Inggris Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C. Kategori:Pemain Watford F.C. Kategori:Pemain Sheffield Wednesday F.C.","translated_text":"English footballer Category:Aston Villa F.C. Category:Watford F.C. Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor () adalah mantan pemain sepak bola asal Inggris yang pernah bermain untuk Aston Villa di Liga Primer Inggris.","translated_text":"Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor () is an English former footballer who played for Aston Villa in the English Premier League.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=lahiran/>","char_index":32,"name":"lahiran","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agbonlahor adalah keturunan Nigeria dan Skotlandia.","translated_text":"Agbonlahor is of Nigerian and Scottish descent.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |title=Agbonlahor undecided on Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=8 Maret 2007 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2008 |archive-date=2007-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324071850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":51,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":37268,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:15.037950-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |title=Agbonlahor undecided on Nigeria |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=8 Maret 2007 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2008 |archive-date=2007-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324071850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":51,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070324071850/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6430879.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:15.577207-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |title=Scots consider Agbonlahor call |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=10 Juni 2007 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2008 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829042245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":51,"name":null,"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":35950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:15.647868-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93603515625},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |title=Scots consider Agbonlahor call |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=10 Juni 2007 |accessdate=17 Agustus 2008 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829042245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>","char_index":51,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170829042245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/6738707.stm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:15.931284-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agbonlahor adalah keturunan Nigeria dan Skotlandia. Ia adalah pemain lulusan akademi sepak bola Aston Villa.","translated_text":"Agbonlahor is of Nigerian and Scottish descent. He is a graduate of Aston Villa football academy.","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Gabriel Agbonlahor commits to Aston Villa|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 November 2007|accessdate=17 Agustus 2008|location=London|first1=Patrick|last1=Nathanson|archive-date=2012-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111064248/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":166540,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:16.000058-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.939453125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news|title=Gabriel Agbonlahor commits to Aston Villa|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 November 2007|accessdate=17 Agustus 2008|location=London|first1=Patrick|last1=Nathanson|archive-date=2012-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111064248/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121111064248/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2326247/Gabriel-Agbonlahor-commits-to-Aston-Villa.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:17.112281-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kubu, rokan hilir","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kubu, Rokan Hilir]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"f6cf646d80827857d9325e923cfd83ceeb5c360fe66d8a3765117b9fcd1ea8f9","last_revision":"2010-06-14T13:53:43Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:53:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.705973","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kubu, Rokan Hilir\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kubu, Rokan Hilir","translated_text":"The Fortress, the Lower Column","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kubung, solok","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kubung, Solok]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"e5a59a116ab66334baadf139b799ca870a1660b64bd578015f3fb35579e5c37c","last_revision":"2010-06-14T13:53:55Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:53:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.759420","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kubung, Solok\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kubung, Solok","translated_text":"Where is my grave, Solok?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kubuprahu, balik bukit, lampung barat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kubuperahu, Balik Bukit, Lampung Barat]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"43ecb7eb6c27f0397e1e95879cae180087ae45bd3fc9d98b3f6e56dd985631dd","last_revision":"2010-12-19T08:22:47Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.816988","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kubuperahu, Balik Bukit, Lampung Barat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kubuperahu, Balik Bukit, Lampung Barat","translated_text":"When I Boat, Back in the Hills, West Lampung","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Taman pemakaman tama","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Taman Pemakaman Tama]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"976058f8b24b337b2ba6fc81644a208bcfcc0f73e22573ac809d042b53fd8980","last_revision":"2012-09-25T14:30:32Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.882095","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Taman Pemakaman Tama\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Taman Pemakaman Tama","translated_text":"ALI the Tama Cemetery","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Steve Sidwell","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername              = Steve Sidwell\n|image                   = [[Berkas:Steve Sidwell.jpg|200px]]\n|fullname                = Steven James Sidwell \n|dateofbirth             = {{birth date and age|1982|12|14|df=yes}}\n|cityofbirth             = [[Wandsworth]], [[London]]\n|countryofbirth          = [[Inggris]]\n|height                  = {{height|m=1,78}}<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0,,12306~20109,00.html|title = Premier League Player Profile|accessdate = 18 March 2011|publisher = Premier League|archive-date = 2010-10-13|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101013005247/http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0,,12306~20109,00.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref>\n|position                = [[Midfielder|Central midfielder]]\n| currentclub    = \n| clubnumber     = \n|youthyears1             = |youthclubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]\n|years1   = 1999–2003 |clubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]        |caps1 = 0 |goals1 = 0\n|years2  = 2001–2002 |clubs2 = → [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] (''pinjaman'')|caps2 = 30  |goals2 = 4\n|years3  = 2002      |clubs3 = → [[K.S.K. Beveren|Beveren]] (''pinjaman'')  |caps3 = 0   |goals3 = 0\n|years4  = 2002–2003 |clubs4 = → [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] (''pinjaman'') |caps4 = 12  |goals4 = 5\n|years5  = 2003–2007 |clubs5 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]]                                        |caps5 = 170 |goals5 = 29\n|years6  = 2007–2008 |clubs6 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]                                        |caps6 = 15  |goals6 = 0\n|years7  = 2008–2011 |clubs7 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]                                |caps7 = 45  |goals7 = 3\n| years8  = 2011–2014 |clubs8  = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]]                                          |caps8  = 92  |goals8  = 14\n| years9  = 2014–2016 |clubs9  = [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]                                  |caps9  = 13  |goals9  = 0\n| years10 = 2016      |clubs10 = → [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] (pinjaman) |caps10 = 16  |goals10 = 1\n| years11        = 2016–2018    |clubs11 =  [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]]         |caps11 = 34  |goals11 = 1\n| nationalyears1 = 2001–2002| nationalteam1  = {{timnasu|20|Inggris}}| nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0\n| nationalyears2 = 2003     | nationalteam2  = {{timnasu|21|Inggris}}| nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 0\n| club-update    = 12:11, 8 Juni 2018 (UTC)\n}}\n'''Steven James \"Steve\" Sidwell''' ({{lahirmati|[[Wandsworth]], [[London]]|14|12|1982}}) adalah pemain [[sepak bola]] profesional asal [[Inggris]] yang terakhir bermain untuk [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]].\n\nSidwell pernah bermain untuk [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Reading F.C.|Reading]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], dan [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] sebelum bergabung dengan Fulham pada bulan Januari 2011.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.fulhamfc.com/the-teams/first-team/steve-sidwell Fulham F.C. profile]\n* {{soccerbase|28745|Steve Sidwell}}\n\n{{lifetime|1982||Sidwell, Steve}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Inggris]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Arsenal F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Reading F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Chelsea F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Fulham F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Stoke City F.C.]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Inggris}}","hash":"49b22e81079c66ef1b7621771896bb5b75c358f9602fde9767cf3769300b4101","last_revision":"2023-03-03T18:01:12Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.934933","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ستيف سيدويل","arz":"ستيف سيدويل","azb":"استیو سیدول","be-x-old":"Стыў Сыдўэл","bg":"Стийв Сидуел","ca":"Steve Sidwell","cs":"Steve Sidwell","da":"Steve Sidwell","de":"Steve Sidwell","en":"Steve Sidwell","es":"Steve Sidwell","fa":"استیو سیدول","fi":"Steve Sidwell","fr":"Steve Sidwell","he":"סטיב סידוול","hu":"Steve Sidwell","it":"Steven Sidwell","ja":"スティーヴ・シドウェル","ko":"스티브 시드웰","lt":"Steve Sidwell","mg":"Steve Sidwell","mn":"Стив Сидуэлл","mr":"स्टीव सिड्वेल","ms":"Steve Sidwell","nl":"Steve Sidwell","nb":"Steve Sidwell","pl":"Steven Sidwell","pt":"Steve Sidwell","ru":"Сидуэлл, Стив","simple":"Steve Sidwell","sv":"Steve Sidwell","th":"สตีฟ ซิดเวลล์","tr":"Steve Sidwell","uk":"Стівен Сідвелл","uz":"Steve Sidwell","zh":"史提夫·薛維爾"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Steven James \"Steve\" Sidwell () adalah pemain sepak bola profesional asal Inggris yang terakhir bermain untuk Brighton & Hove Albion.\n\nSidwell pernah bermain untuk Arsenal, Reading, Chelsea, dan Aston Villa sebelum bergabung dengan Fulham pada bulan Januari 2011.\n\nFulham F.C. profile\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Inggris Kategori:Pemain Arsenal F.C. Kategori:Pemain Reading F.C. Kategori:Pemain Chelsea F.C. Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C. Kategori:Pemain Fulham F.C. Kategori:Pemain Stoke City F.C.\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername              = Steve Sidwell\n|image                   = [[Berkas:Steve Sidwell.jpg|200px]]\n|fullname                = Steven James Sidwell \n|dateofbirth             = {{birth date and age|1982|12|14|df=yes}}\n|cityofbirth             = [[Wandsworth]], [[London]]\n|countryofbirth          = [[Inggris]]\n|height                  = {{height|m=1,78}}<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0,,12306~20109,00.html|title = Premier League Player Profile|accessdate = 18 March 2011|publisher = Premier League|archive-date = 2010-10-13|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101013005247/http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0,,12306~20109,00.html|dead-url = yes}}</ref>\n|position                = [[Midfielder|Central midfielder]]\n| currentclub    = \n| clubnumber     = \n|youthyears1             = |youthclubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]\n|years1   = 1999–2003 |clubs1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]        |caps1 = 0 |goals1 = 0\n|years2  = 2001–2002 |clubs2 = → [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] (''pinjaman'')|caps2 = 30  |goals2 = 4\n|years3  = 2002      |clubs3 = → [[K.S.K. Beveren|Beveren]] (''pinjaman'')  |caps3 = 0   |goals3 = 0\n|years4  = 2002–2003 |clubs4 = → [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] (''pinjaman'') |caps4 = 12  |goals4 = 5\n|years5  = 2003–2007 |clubs5 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]]                                        |caps5 = 170 |goals5 = 29\n|years6  = 2007–2008 |clubs6 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]                                        |caps6 = 15  |goals6 = 0\n|years7  = 2008–2011 |clubs7 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]                                |caps7 = 45  |goals7 = 3\n| years8  = 2011–2014 |clubs8  = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]]                                          |caps8  = 92  |goals8  = 14\n| years9  = 2014–2016 |clubs9  = [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]]                                  |caps9  = 13  |goals9  = 0\n| years10 = 2016      |clubs10 = → [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] (pinjaman) |caps10 = 16  |goals10 = 1\n| years11        = 2016–2018    |clubs11 =  [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]]         |caps11 = 34  |goals11 = 1\n| nationalyears1 = 2001–2002| nationalteam1  = {{timnasu|20|Inggris}}| nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0\n| nationalyears2 = 2003     | nationalteam2  = {{timnasu|21|Inggris}}| nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 0\n| club-update    = 12:11, 8 Juni 2018 (UTC)\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Steven James \"Steve\" Sidwell () adalah pemain sepak bola profesional asal Inggris yang terakhir bermain untuk Brighton & Hove Albion.","translated_text":"Steven James \"Steve\" Sidwell () is an English professional footballer who last played for Brighton & Hove Albion.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sidwell pernah bermain untuk Arsenal, Reading, Chelsea, dan Aston Villa sebelum bergabung dengan Fulham pada bulan Januari 2011.","translated_text":"Sidwell played for Arsenal, Reading, Chelsea, and Aston Villa before joining Fulham in January 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fulham F.C. profile","translated_text":"Fulham F.C. profile","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Inggris Kategori:Pemain Arsenal F.C. Kategori:Pemain Reading F.C. Kategori:Pemain Chelsea F.C. Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C. Kategori:Pemain Fulham F.C. Kategori:Pemain Stoke City F.C.","translated_text":"English footballer Category:Arsenal F.C. Category:Reading F.C. Category:Chelsea F.C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Simon Poulsen","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername     = Simon Poulsen\n|image          = [[Berkas:Simon-poulsen-1305059927.jpg|260px]]\n|fullname       = Simon Busk Poulsen\n|dateofbirth    = {{birth date and age|1984|10|7}}\n|cityofbirth    = [[Sønderborg]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Denmark]]\n|height         = {{height|m=1,84}}\n|youthyears1    = |youthclubs1  = Ulkebøl\n|currentclub = [[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]]\n|clubnumber  = 15\n|position       = [[Bek]]\n|years1   = 2002–2005 |clubs1 = [[SønderjyskE]]                |caps1  = 71  |goals1  = 23\n|years2   = 2005–2007 |clubs2 = [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] |caps2  = 63  |goals2  = 5\n|years3   = 2008–2012     |clubs3 = [[AZ (football club)|AZ]]      |caps3  = 93  |goals3  = 6\n|years4   = 2012–2014 |clubs4 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]   |caps4  = 7   |goals4  = 0\n|years5   = 2014–     |clubs5 = [[AZ (football club)|AZ]]      |caps5  = 36   |goals5  = 3\n|nationalyears1 = 2002–2003\n|nationalteam1  = {{timnasu|19|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps1  = 7\n|nationalgoals1 = 0\n|nationalyears2 = 2003–2004\n|nationalteam2  = {{timnasu|20|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps2  = 7\n|nationalgoals2 = 0\n|nationalyears3 = 2005–2006\n|nationalteam3  = {{timnasu|21|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps3  = 11\n|nationalgoals3 = 1\n|nationalyears4 = 2007–\n|nationalteam4  = {{timnas|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps4  = 29\n|nationalgoals4 = 0\n|pcupdate = 5 March 2015 (UTC)\n|ntupdate = 29 March 2015\n}}\n'''Simon Poulsen''' ({{lahirmati|[[Sønderborg]]|7|10|1984}}) adalah seorang peman sepak bola [[Denmark]] yang bermain di posisi [[pemain belakang]] dan [[pemain sayap]] untuk klub [[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]]. Dia juga salah satu pemain dalam tim nasional {{timnas|Denmark}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html |title=RAGGIUNTO UN ACCORDO CON SIMON BUSK POULSEN |publisher=Sampdoria.it |date=2012-08-25 |accessdate=2012-08-27 |language=Italian |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031002524/http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{nl icon}} [http://www.az.nl/index.php?module=teams&memberID=554 AZ Alkmaar profile]\n* {{nl icon}} [http://www.vi.nl/Spelers/Speler/Simon-Poulsen.htm Voetbal International profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715201009/http://www.vi.nl/Spelers/Speler/Simon-Poulsen.htm |date=2012-07-15 }}\n* {{da icon}} [http://www.dbu.dk/landshold/landsholdsdatabasen/LBasePlayerInfo.aspx?playerid=4736 Danish national team profile]\n* {{da icon}} [http://www.fcm.dk/index.php?ID=6&holdID=3&spillerID=30&mode=spillerinfo&topID=5 FC Midtjylland profile]\n* {{da icon}} [http://www.danskfodbold.com/spiller.php?ligaid=2001&spillerid=10771 Danish Superliga statistics]\n* {{nfteams|id=22211}}\n\n{{lifetime|1984||Poulsen, Simon}}\n{{Navboxes colour\n|title= Skuat tim nasional\n |bg        = #e11b22\n |fg        = white\n|list1=\n{{Skuat PD2010 Denmark}}\n{{Skuat Piala Eropa 2012 Denmark}}\n}}\n{{Skuat AZ Alkmaar}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Denmark]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Denmark}}","hash":"9684dca6c6e57f25129a530738b8e5ff5b583ffe3f566349876690725260415c","last_revision":"2023-08-28T17:59:30Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:56.990169","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"سيمون بولسين","arz":"سيمون بولسين","azb":"سیمون پولسن","cs":"Simon Poulsen","da":"Simon Poulsen (fodboldspiller)","de":"Simon Poulsen","en":"Simon Poulsen","es":"Simon Poulsen","fa":"سیمون پولسن","fi":"Simon Poulsen","fr":"Simon Poulsen","gl":"Simon Poulsen","he":"סימון פאולסן","hr":"Simon Poulsen","hu":"Simon Poulsen","it":"Simon Poulsen","ja":"シモン・ポウルセン","ka":"სიმონ პოულსენი","ko":"시몬 포울센","lt":"Simon Poulsen","mg":"Simon Poulsen","mr":"सायमन पोल्सेन","ms":"Simon Poulsen","nl":"Simon Poulsen","nb":"Simon Poulsen","pl":"Simon Poulsen","pt":"Simon Poulsen","ru":"Поульсен, Симон","sv":"Simon Poulsen","tr":"Simon Poulsen","uk":"Симон Поульсен","zh":"西蒙·波尔森"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Simon Poulsen () adalah seorang peman sepak bola Denmark yang bermain di posisi pemain belakang dan pemain sayap untuk klub AZ. Dia juga salah satu pemain dalam tim nasional .\n\nAZ Alkmaar profile Voetbal International profile Danish national team profile FC Midtjylland profile Danish Superliga statistics\n\nKategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Denmark Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername     = Simon Poulsen\n|image          = [[Berkas:Simon-poulsen-1305059927.jpg|260px]]\n|fullname       = Simon Busk Poulsen\n|dateofbirth    = {{birth date and age|1984|10|7}}\n|cityofbirth    = [[Sønderborg]]\n|countryofbirth = [[Denmark]]\n|height         = {{height|m=1,84}}\n|youthyears1    = |youthclubs1  = Ulkebøl\n|currentclub = [[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]]\n|clubnumber  = 15\n|position       = [[Bek]]\n|years1   = 2002–2005 |clubs1 = [[SønderjyskE]]                |caps1  = 71  |goals1  = 23\n|years2   = 2005–2007 |clubs2 = [[FC Midtjylland|Midtjylland]] |caps2  = 63  |goals2  = 5\n|years3   = 2008–2012     |clubs3 = [[AZ (football club)|AZ]]      |caps3  = 93  |goals3  = 6\n|years4   = 2012–2014 |clubs4 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]]   |caps4  = 7   |goals4  = 0\n|years5   = 2014–     |clubs5 = [[AZ (football club)|AZ]]      |caps5  = 36   |goals5  = 3\n|nationalyears1 = 2002–2003\n|nationalteam1  = {{timnasu|19|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps1  = 7\n|nationalgoals1 = 0\n|nationalyears2 = 2003–2004\n|nationalteam2  = {{timnasu|20|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps2  = 7\n|nationalgoals2 = 0\n|nationalyears3 = 2005–2006\n|nationalteam3  = {{timnasu|21|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps3  = 11\n|nationalgoals3 = 1\n|nationalyears4 = 2007–\n|nationalteam4  = {{timnas|Denmark}}\n|nationalcaps4  = 29\n|nationalgoals4 = 0\n|pcupdate = 5 March 2015 (UTC)\n|ntupdate = 29 March 2015\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Simon Poulsen () adalah seorang peman sepak bola Denmark yang bermain di posisi pemain belakang dan pemain sayap untuk klub AZ.","translated_text":"Simon Poulsen () is a Danish footballer who plays as a defender and winger for AZ.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia juga salah satu pemain dalam tim nasional .","translated_text":"He's also one of the players in the national team.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html |title=RAGGIUNTO UN ACCORDO CON SIMON BUSK POULSEN |publisher=Sampdoria.it |date=2012-08-25 |accessdate=2012-08-27 |language=Italian |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031002524/http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":47,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":49770,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:17.191375-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09796142578125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html |title=RAGGIUNTO UN ACCORDO CON SIMON BUSK POULSEN |publisher=Sampdoria.it |date=2012-08-25 |accessdate=2012-08-27 |language=Italian |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031002524/http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>","char_index":47,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121031002524/http://www.sampdoria.it/news/raggiunto-un-accordo-con-simon-busk-poulsen.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:19.488576-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"AZ Alkmaar profile Voetbal International profile Danish national team profile FC Midtjylland profile Danish Superliga statistics","translated_text":"AZ Alkmaar profile Voetbal International profile Danish national team profile FC Midtjylland profile Danish Superliga statistics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715201009/http://www.vi.nl/Spelers/Speler/Simon-Poulsen.htm |date=2012-07-15 }}","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120715201009/http://www.vi.nl/Spelers/Speler/Simon-Poulsen.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:19.557728-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Denmark Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010","translated_text":":Players of the 2012 UEFA European Championship Category:Danish football players Category:Players of the 2010 FIFA World Cup","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Simon Poulsen () adalah seorang peman sepak bola Denmark yang bermain di posisi pemain belakang dan pemain sayap untuk klub AZ. 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+{"title":"Kuburan rahel","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kuburan Rahel]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"09b741759a3392707ecd830392228291c2d55b2141a4c4d1272c8e09096a41f8","last_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:47Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:57.177227","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kuburan Rahel\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kuburan Rahel","translated_text":"THE Tomb of Rachel","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Ashley Young","wikicode":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername          = Ashley Young\n|image               = Ashley Young 2018-06-13 1.jpg\n|caption             =\n| fullname       = Ashley Simon Young<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n450 449]}}</ref>\n| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1985|7|9|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |title=A. Young: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/ashley-young/2553/ |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=2 Juni 2018}}</ref>\n|cityofbirth         = [[Stevenage]]\n|countryofbirth      = Inggris\n| height         = {{height|m=1,75}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia: List of players: England |publisher=FIFA |format=PDF |page=10 |date=10 Juni 2018 |accessdate=10 Juni 2018 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619164139/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n|position            = [[Gelandang]]\n|currentclub         = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]\n|clubnumber          = 18\n|youthyears1         = 2000–2002 |youthclubs1 = [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]\n|years1         = 2003–2007 |clubs1 = [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]                     |caps1 = 98  \n|goals1 = 19\n|years2         = 2007–2011 |clubs2 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]             \n|caps2 = 157 \n|goals2 = 30\n|years3         = 2011–2020    |clubs3 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] \n|caps3 = 192 \n|goals3 = 15\n|years4         = 2020-2021\n|clubs4 = [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]]\n|caps4 = 44\n|goals4 = 5\n|years5         = 2021-2023\n|clubs5 = [[Aston Villa]]\n|caps5 = 53\n|goals5 = 1\n|years6         = 2023–\n|clubs6 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]\n|caps6 = 10\n|goals6 = 0 \n|nationalyears1      = 2006–2007 |nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|21|Inggris}} |nationalcaps1 = 10 |nationalgoals1 = 0\n|nationalyears2      = 2007–2018 |nationalteam2 = {{timnas|Inggris}}              |nationalcaps2 = 39 |nationalgoals2 = 7\n| club-update    = 4 November 2023\n| nationalteam-update =\n}}\n'''Ashley Simon Young'''<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Hugman|editor1-first=Barry J|title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2007–08|url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3|publisher=Mainstream|location=Edinburgh|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3/page/n449 448]|isbn=978-1-84596-246-3}}</ref> ({{lahirmati|[[Stevenage]], [[Inggris]]|9|7|1985}}) adalah pemain [[sepak bola]] asal [[Inggris]] yang bermain untuk klub [[Liga Utama Inggris|Premier League]] [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]. Ia pernah membela klub [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Football Club Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]] dan [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]].\n\nYoung memulai karirnya di [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] dan membuat penampilan senior pertamanya pada tahun 2003. Di bawah manajer Ray Lewington, dia menjadi tim reguler pertama di musim 2004-05 dan merupakan salah satu pemain kunci [[Watford F.C.|Watford]] di musim 2005-06 yang memenangkan promosi.\n\nPada Januari 2007, ia pindah ke [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] dengan biaya awal sebesar £8 juta di mana ia memenangkan penghargaan PFA Young Player of the Year pada tahun 2009.\n\nPada Juni 2011, Young menandatangani kontrak dengan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] dengan biaya sekitar £17 juta. Dia memenangkan lima trofi di United, termasuk [[Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Premier]] pada [[Liga Utama Inggris 2012–2013|2013]], [[Piala FA]] pada [[Piala FA 2015–2016|2016]] dan [[Liga Europa]] pada [[Liga Eropa UEFA 2016–2017|2017]].\n\nPada Januari 2020, Young menandatangani kontrak dengan [[Football Club Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]].<ref name=\"Young1\" />. Biaya transfer dilaporkan sekitar €1,5 juta (£1,28 juta). Ia menjadi salah satu dari tiga mantan pemain Liga Premier yang menandatangani kontrak dengan Inter di jendela yang sama, dengan [[Victor Moses]] dan [[Christian Eriksen]]. Inter menjuarai [[Serie A 2020–2021]]. Young menjadi pemain Inggris ketiga yang memenangi gelar liga di Italia, yang pertama adalah [[Jimmy Greaves]] pada tahun 1962 dan [[Gerry Hitchens]] pada tahun 1963, juga untuk Nerazzurri.\n\nYoung mendapatkan 39 caps untuk Inggris antara 2007 dan 2018, mencetak tujuh gol internasional. Dia adalah bagian dari skuad untuk [[UEFA Euro 2012]] dan [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]], mencapai semi-final yang terakhir.\n\n== Prestasi ==\n\n'''Manchester United'''\n*[[Premier League]]: [[Premier League|2012–13]]<ref name=PremProfile>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/3062/Ashley-Young/overview |title=Ashley Young: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref>\n*[[Piala FA]]: [[Piala FA|2015–16]]<ref name=2016FAC/> runner-up: [[Piala FA|2017–18]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44091559 |title=Chelsea 1–0 Manchester United |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=19 May 2018 |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>\n*[[Community Shield FA]]: [[Community Shield FA|2011]]<ref name=2011FACS/>\n*[[Liga Eropa UEFA]]: [[Liga Eropa UEFA|2016–17]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2019702--ajax-vs-man-united/ |title=2016/17, Final: Ajax 0–2 Man. United: Overview |publisher=UEFA |access-date=14 November 2020}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42462441 |title=Ashley Young: Man Utd winger warns young players about 'sharks' |website=BBC Sport |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref>\n\n'''Inter Milan'''\n*[[Serie A]]: [[Serie A|2020–21]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/internazionale/story/4374169/inter-end-juventus-serie-a-dominance-with-first-title-in-11-years|title=Inter end Juventus' Serie A dominance with first title in 11 years|website=ESPN|date=2 May 2021|accessdate=2 May 2021}}</ref>\n*Runner-up [[Liga Eropa UEFA]]: [[Liga Eropa UEFA|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2030143--sevilla-vs-internazionale/ |title=2019/20, Final: Sevilla 3–2 Internazionale: Overview |publisher=UEFA |access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{PFA YPY}}\n{{Navboxes colour\n|title = Skuad tim nasional\n | bg        = white\n | fg        = #0B0B3F\n | bordercolor = #0B0B3F\n|list =\n{{Skuad Piala Eropa 2012 Inggris}}\n{{Skuad PD2018 Inggris}}\n}}\n{{Skuad Manchester United}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Ashley}}\n[[Kategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Inggris]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Watford F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C.]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Manchester United]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Inggris}}","hash":"5f48bef264c8ee26005f56e2cb4ef481d73497e2d47f3b5ec61bf9389bd6b755","last_revision":"2024-03-19T11:45:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T13:54:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:57.236828","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أشلي يونغ","arz":"اشلى يونج","ast":"Ashley Young","az":"Eşli Yanq","azb":"اشلی یانق","be-x-old":"Эшлі Янг","bg":"Ашли Йънг","bn":"অ্যাশলি ইয়াং","bs":"Ashley Young","ca":"Ashley Young","cs":"Ashley Young","da":"Ashley Young","de":"Ashley Young","el":"Άσλεϊ Γιανγκ","en":"Ashley Young","eo":"Ashley Young","es":"Ashley Young","et":"Ashley Young","fa":"اشلی یانگ","fi":"Ashley Young","fr":"Ashley Young","ha":"Ashely Young","he":"אשלי יאנג","hu":"Ashley Young","hy":"Էշլի Յանգ","is":"Ashley Young","it":"Ashley Young","ja":"アシュリー・ヤング","ka":"ეშლი იანგი","kk":"Эшли Янг","ko":"애슐리 영","lt":"Ashley Young","lv":"Ešlijs Jangs","mg":"Ashley Young","mk":"Ешли Јанг","mn":"Эшли Янг","mr":"ॲशली यंग","ms":"Ashley Young","mt":"Ashley Young","ne":"एस्ली योङ","nl":"Ashley Young","nb":"Ashley Young","oc":"Ashley Young","pl":"Ashley Young","pt":"Ashley Young","ro":"Ashley Young","ru":"Янг, Эшли","sa":"एश्ली यंग","sco":"Ashley Young","sh":"Ashley Young","simple":"Ashley Young","sk":"Ashley Young","sl":"Ashley Young","sq":"Ashley Young","sr":"Ешли Јанг","sv":"Ashley Young","sw":"Ashley Young","th":"แอชลีย์ ยัง","tr":"Ashley Young","uk":"Ешлі Янг","uz":"Ashley Young","vi":"Ashley Young","vo":"Ashley Young","wuu":"阿什利·扬","xmf":"ეშლი იანგი","zh":"艾殊利·楊格","zh-yue":"楊格"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.262603","text":"Ashley Simon Young () adalah pemain sepak bola asal Inggris yang bermain untuk klub Premier League Everton. Ia pernah membela klub Manchester United, Inter Milan dan Aston Villa.\n\nYoung memulai karirnya di Watford dan membuat penampilan senior pertamanya pada tahun 2003. Di bawah manajer Ray Lewington, dia menjadi tim reguler pertama di musim 2004-05 dan merupakan salah satu pemain kunci Watford di musim 2005-06 yang memenangkan promosi.\n\nPada Januari 2007, ia pindah ke Aston Villa dengan biaya awal sebesar £8 juta di mana ia memenangkan penghargaan PFA Young Player of the Year pada tahun 2009.\n\nPada Juni 2011, Young menandatangani kontrak dengan Manchester United dengan biaya sekitar £17 juta. Dia memenangkan lima trofi di United, termasuk Liga Premier pada 2013, Piala FA pada 2016 dan Liga Europa pada 2017.\n\nPada Januari 2020, Young menandatangani kontrak dengan Inter Milan.. Biaya transfer dilaporkan sekitar €1,5 juta (£1,28 juta). Ia menjadi salah satu dari tiga mantan pemain Liga Premier yang menandatangani kontrak dengan Inter di jendela yang sama, dengan Victor Moses dan Christian Eriksen. Inter menjuarai Serie A 2020–2021. Young menjadi pemain Inggris ketiga yang memenangi gelar liga di Italia, yang pertama adalah Jimmy Greaves pada tahun 1962 dan Gerry Hitchens pada tahun 1963, juga untuk Nerazzurri.\n\nYoung mendapatkan 39 caps untuk Inggris antara 2007 dan 2018, mencetak tujuh gol internasional. Dia adalah bagian dari skuad untuk UEFA Euro 2012 dan Piala Dunia FIFA 2018, mencapai semi-final yang terakhir.\n\nManchester United Premier League: 2012–13 Piala FA: 2015–16 runner-up: 2017–18 Community Shield FA: 2011 Liga Eropa UEFA: 2016–17\n\nInter Milan Serie A: 2020–21 Runner-up Liga Eropa UEFA: 2019–20\n\nKategori:Pemain Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 2012 Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Inggris Kategori:Pemain Watford F.C. Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C. Kategori:Pemain Manchester United Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|playername          = Ashley Young\n|image               = Ashley Young 2018-06-13 1.jpg\n|caption             =\n| fullname       = Ashley Simon Young<ref name=Hugman1011>{{cite book |editor-first=Barry J. |editor-last=Hugman |title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11 |url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9 |year=2010 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-1-84596-601-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_v9b9/page/n450 449]}}</ref>\n| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1985|7|9|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |title=A. Young: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/ashley-young/2553/ |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=2 Juni 2018}}</ref>\n|cityofbirth         = [[Stevenage]]\n|countryofbirth      = Inggris\n| height         = {{height|m=1,75}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia: List of players: England |publisher=FIFA |format=PDF |page=10 |date=10 Juni 2018 |accessdate=10 Juni 2018 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619164139/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |dead-url=yes }}</ref>\n|position            = [[Gelandang]]\n|currentclub         = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]\n|clubnumber          = 18\n|youthyears1         = 2000–2002 |youthclubs1 = [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]\n|years1         = 2003–2007 |clubs1 = [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]                     |caps1 = 98  \n|goals1 = 19\n|years2         = 2007–2011 |clubs2 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]             \n|caps2 = 157 \n|goals2 = 30\n|years3         = 2011–2020    |clubs3 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] \n|caps3 = 192 \n|goals3 = 15\n|years4         = 2020-2021\n|clubs4 = [[FC Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]]\n|caps4 = 44\n|goals4 = 5\n|years5         = 2021-2023\n|clubs5 = [[Aston Villa]]\n|caps5 = 53\n|goals5 = 1\n|years6         = 2023–\n|clubs6 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]\n|caps6 = 10\n|goals6 = 0 \n|nationalyears1      = 2006–2007 |nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|21|Inggris}} |nationalcaps1 = 10 |nationalgoals1 = 0\n|nationalyears2      = 2007–2018 |nationalteam2 = {{timnas|Inggris}}              |nationalcaps2 = 39 |nationalgoals2 = 7\n| club-update    = 4 November 2023\n| nationalteam-update =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ashley Simon Young () adalah pemain sepak bola asal Inggris yang bermain untuk klub Premier League Everton.","translated_text":"Ashley Simon Young () is an English footballer who plays for Premier League club Everton.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Hugman|editor1-first=Barry J|title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2007–08|url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3|publisher=Mainstream|location=Edinburgh|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3/page/n449 448]|isbn=978-1-84596-246-3}}</ref>","char_index":18,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219458,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:19.628591-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Hugman|editor1-first=Barry J|title=The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2007–08|url=https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3|publisher=Mainstream|location=Edinburgh|year=2007|page=[https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3/page/n449 448]|isbn=978-1-84596-246-3}}</ref>","char_index":18,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/pfafootballerswh0000unse_i4n3/page/n449","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":194965,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:23.555819-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia pernah membela klub Manchester United, Inter Milan dan Aston Villa.","translated_text":"He played for Manchester United, Inter Milan and Aston Villa.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Young memulai karirnya di Watford dan membuat penampilan senior pertamanya pada tahun 2003.","translated_text":"Young began his career at Watford and made his first senior appearance in 2003.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di bawah manajer Ray Lewington, dia menjadi tim reguler pertama di musim 2004-05 dan merupakan salah satu pemain kunci Watford di musim 2005-06 yang memenangkan promosi.","translated_text":"Under manager Ray Lewington, he became a first team regular in the 2004-05 season and was one of Watford's key players in the 2005-06 season who won promotion.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Januari 2007, ia pindah ke Aston Villa dengan biaya awal sebesar £8 juta di mana ia memenangkan penghargaan PFA Young Player of the Year pada tahun 2009.","translated_text":"In January 2007, he moved to Aston Villa for an initial fee of £8 million where he won the PFA Young Player of the Year award in 2009.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Juni 2011, Young menandatangani kontrak dengan Manchester United dengan biaya sekitar £17 juta.","translated_text":"In June 2011, Young signed for Manchester United for a fee of around £17 million.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia memenangkan lima trofi di United, termasuk Liga Premier pada 2013, Piala FA pada 2016 dan Liga Europa pada 2017.","translated_text":"He won five trophies at United, including the Premier League in 2013, the FA Cup in 2016 and the Europa League in 2017.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Januari 2020, Young menandatangani kontrak dengan Inter Milan..","translated_text":"In January 2020, Young signed with Inter Milan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Young1\" />","char_index":67,"name":"Young1","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biaya transfer dilaporkan sekitar €1,5 juta (£1,28 juta).","translated_text":"The transfer fee was reported to be around €1.5 million (£1.28 million).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjadi salah satu dari tiga mantan pemain Liga Premier yang menandatangani kontrak dengan Inter di jendela yang sama, dengan Victor Moses dan Christian Eriksen.","translated_text":"He became one of three former Premier League players to sign for Inter in the same window, along with Victor Moses and Christian Eriksen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Inter menjuarai Serie A 2020–2021.","translated_text":"Inter have won the Serie A 2020-2021.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Young menjadi pemain Inggris ketiga yang memenangi gelar liga di Italia, yang pertama adalah Jimmy Greaves pada tahun 1962 dan Gerry Hitchens pada tahun 1963, juga untuk Nerazzurri.","translated_text":"Young became the third Englishman to win a league title in Italy, the first being Jimmy Greaves in 1962 and Gerry Hitchens in 1963, also for the Nerazzurri.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Young mendapatkan 39 caps untuk Inggris antara 2007 dan 2018, mencetak tujuh gol internasional.","translated_text":"Young earned 39 caps for England between 2007 and 2018, scoring seven international goals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia adalah bagian dari skuad untuk UEFA Euro 2012 dan Piala Dunia FIFA 2018, mencapai semi-final yang terakhir.","translated_text":"He was part of the squad for UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, reaching the semi-finals of the latter.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prestasi","translated_text":"Achievements","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Manchester United Premier League: 2012–13 Piala FA: 2015–16 runner-up: 2017–18 Community Shield FA: 2011 Liga Eropa UEFA: 2016–17","translated_text":"Manchester United Premier League: 2012 ⁇ 13 FA Cup: 2015 ⁇ 16 runner-up: 2017 ⁇ 18 Community Shield FA: 2011 UEFA European League: 2016 ⁇ 17","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=PremProfile>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/3062/Ashley-Young/overview |title=Ashley Young: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref>","char_index":41,"name":"PremProfile","url":"https://www.premierleague.com/players/3062/Ashley-Young/overview","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203192,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:24.291485-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=2016FAC/>","char_index":59,"name":"2016FAC","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44091559 |title=Chelsea 1–0 Manchester United |first=Phil |last=McNulty |website=BBC Sport |date=19 May 2018 |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44091559","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":384879,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:24.586808-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8134765625},{"content":"<ref name=2011FACS/>","char_index":104,"name":"2011FACS","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2019702--ajax-vs-man-united/ |title=2016/17, Final: Ajax 0–2 Man. United: Overview |publisher=UEFA |access-date=14 November 2020}}<br />{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42462441 |title=Ashley Young: Man Utd winger warns young players about 'sharks' |website=BBC Sport |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref>","char_index":129,"name":null,"url":"https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2019702--ajax-vs-man-united/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":449,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:25.225711-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2019702--ajax-vs-man-united/ |title=2016/17, Final: Ajax 0–2 Man. 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Kategori:Pemain Aston Villa F.C. Kategori:Pemain Manchester United Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018","translated_text":":Players of the UEFA European Championship 2012 Category:English footballers Category:Watford F.C. Category:Aston Villa F.C. 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+{"title":"Syesha Mercado","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Syesha Mercado Amer-I-Can.JPG|jmpl|ka|200px|Syesha Mercado]]\n'''Syesha Mercado''' ({{lahirmati|[[Bridgeport]], [[Connecticut]], [[Amerika Serikat]]|2|1|1987}}) adalah seorang [[aktris]], [[penyanyi]], [[Model (pekerjaan)|model]], dan [[penulis lagu]] Amerika.<ref name=\"Syesha\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2380515/&ei=kzIWTJDfM4m3rAeTmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dimdb%2BSyesha%2BMercado%26hl%3Did ''Biografi Syesha Mercado'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Ia merupakan seorang anak keturunan [[Afrika]], [[Benua Amerika|Amerika]], dan [[Puerto Rico]].<ref name=\"Syesha\"/> Darah seninya menurun dari keluarganya.<ref name=\"Syesha\"/> Ibunya adalah seorang penyanyi latar (''backing vocal'') penyanyi [[Motown]].<ref name=\"Syesha\"/> Namanya mulai dikenal luas setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh.<ref name=\"American\">[http://vibizlife.com/music_film_details.php?id=3526&sub=music_film&awal=1130&page=114&pg=music_film ''Syesha Mercado Tinggalkan Panggung American Idol'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Ia juga merupakan salah satu kontestan dari [[reality show]] ''The One: Making a Music Star.''<ref name=\"Mercado\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/syesha-mercado&ei=eTIWTOzNJNO3rAf5yaSMBg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCwQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSyesha%2BMercado%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Divln ''Syesha Mercado Profil'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Sebelum mengikuti ajang ini, ia berhasil mnyelesaikan studinya dari ''Florida International University.''<ref name=\"Mercado\"/> Ia tersisih dari American idol pada 14 [[Mei 2007]], pada posisi 3 besar.<ref name=\"American\"/> Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk terus mengejar mimpinya menjadi [[penyanyi]] professional.<ref name=\"American\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{lifetime|1987||}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Mercado, Syesha}}\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi]]\n[[Kategori:American idol]]\n\n\n{{Amerika-Serikat-bio-stub}}","hash":"be66271056ff3d32341c134144ddfc6d93b8da56f9d2127ca77211dcda3bf13a","last_revision":"2023-08-28T16:09:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:03:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:46:59.660567","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"سيشا ميركادو","en":"Syesha Mercado","es":"Syesha Mercado","vi":"Syesha Mercado"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.318733","text":"Syesha Mercado () adalah seorang aktris, penyanyi, model, dan penulis lagu Amerika. Ia merupakan seorang anak keturunan Afrika, Amerika, dan Puerto Rico. Darah seninya menurun dari keluarganya. Ibunya adalah seorang penyanyi latar (backing vocal) penyanyi Motown. Namanya mulai dikenal luas setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis dalam American idol musim ketujuh. Ia juga merupakan salah satu kontestan dari reality show The One: Making a Music Star. Sebelum mengikuti ajang ini, ia berhasil mnyelesaikan studinya dari Florida International University. Ia tersisih dari American idol pada 14 Mei 2007, pada posisi 3 besar. 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Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref>","char_index":89,"name":"American","url":"http://vibizlife.com/music_film_details.php?id=3526&sub=music_film&awal=1130&page=114&pg=music_film","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:26.369908-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Penyanyi Kategori:American idol","translated_text":"Categories:Singer and singer Category:American idol","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Syesha Mercado () adalah seorang aktris, penyanyi, model, dan penulis lagu Amerika.","translated_text":"Syesha Mercado () is an American actress, singer, model, and songwriter.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Syesha\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2380515/&ei=kzIWTJDfM4m3rAeTmeXECA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dimdb%2BSyesha%2BMercado%26hl%3Did ''Biografi Syesha Mercado'']. 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+{"title":"Kunci, sidareja, cilacap","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kunci, Sidareja, Cilacap]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"81385c3ada6c98f09a3876d94eb511fcaaaccc005a27ea8e6e2c738b2776b548","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:24:38Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:24:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.060686","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kunci, Sidareja, Cilacap\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kunci, Sidareja, Cilacap","translated_text":"The key, the key, the key, the key","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kuncir, wonosalam, demak","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kuncir, Wonosalam, Demak]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"43cf4005e4afdc58a6c924cb5960e931159f774bd91c06b404c2a82644540b56","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:24:48Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:24:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.113712","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kuncir, Wonosalam, Demak\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kuncir, Wonosalam, Demak","translated_text":"It's not like I don't know what I'm doing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kunden, blora, blora","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kunden, Blora, Blora]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"7ea6fb5f57501c32eac4b9017e76cd9b53d8e8d20b11586d01e028b141d7921c","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:08Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.169843","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kunden, Blora, Blora\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kunden, Blora, Blora","translated_text":"The customer, the blora, the blora.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kunden, bulu, sukoharjo","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kunden, Bulu, Sukoharjo]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"77af59f0e397cbfbc662cfb2511b1865150fbee5211230f25c70c8e99a951c33","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:18Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.234782","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kunden, Bulu, Sukoharjo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kunden, Bulu, Sukoharjo","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you what I'm doing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kunden, karanganom, klaten","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kunden, Karanganom, Klaten]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"4a1b31074c5a651509e7ccb55da1546fd05d6140086b71c15a9063ed39553141","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:28Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.289760","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kunden, Karanganom, Klaten\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kunden, Karanganom, Klaten","translated_text":"It's all about the customer. It's all about the customer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abia (Nigeria)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abia (negara bagian Nigeria)]]","hash":"7c775728eca8940473577f845cae9fd80a4043c42133e113319cf53e76298e91","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:34Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.350951","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abia (negara bagian Nigeria)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abia (negara bagian Nigeria)","translated_text":"ALIH Abia (Nigeria)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kunden, wirosari, grobogan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kunden, Wirosari, Grobogan]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"264a6875edb7bf01bfbdea4ca234cf8bcccefe0db38ef60a8ce3ba15697c2459","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:40Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:25:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.415764","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kunden, Wirosari, Grobogan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kunden, Wirosari, Grobogan","translated_text":"It's all about the customer, the wirosari, the grobogan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abia","wikicode":"{{penghubung}}\n\n== Nama Ibrani ==\n'''Abia''' ({{lang-en|Abijah}}; {{Lang-he|אֲבִיָּה}} ''’Ăḇîyāh''; juga ''Abiah''; di dalam [[Ibrani modern]] ''Aviya'') merupakan nama uniseks<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref> Ibrani Alkitabiah<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref> yang berarti \"bapa saya adalah [[Yahweh|Yah]]\".<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref><ref>Bentuk Ibrani ''Aviyahu'' juga muncul dalam Alkitab. Lihat W. E. Addis and T. K. Cheyne (1899) \"Abijah\" in Cheyne and Black, eds., ''Encyclopaedia Biblica.'' [https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft]</ref> [[:Kategori:Artikel Yang Dilindungi|Kategori:Artikel Yang Dilindungi]]\n\n== Nama Rusia ==\nVarian yang digunakan di dalam [[Bahasa Rusia]] adalah \"{{lang|ru|А́вия}}\" (''Aviya''),<ref name=\"Petrovsky\" /> dengan \"{{lang|ru|А́бия}}\"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\" /> atau \"{{lang|ru|Аби́я}}\" (''Abiya''),<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\" /> menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih tua.<ref name=\"Petrovsky\" /> Termasuk di dalam berbagai kalender gereja yang sering ditulis tangan di sepanjang abad ke-17–19, dihilangkan dari [[sinode]] [[Menologium]] resmi di akhir abad ke-19.<ref name=\"Superanskaya2a\">Superanskaya, pp.&nbsp;22, 23, and 277</ref> Pada tahun 1924–1930, nama (sebagai \"{{lang|ru|Ави́я}}\", bentuk \"Abiya\"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\" />) dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai kalender Soviet,<ref name=\"Superanskaya2a\" /> yang mencakup nama baru dan sering dibuat secara artifisial yang mempromosikan realitas Soviet baru dan mendorong pemecahan dengan tradisi menggunakan nama-nama di Synodal Menologia.<ref name=\"Dushechkina\">Toronto Slavic Quarterly. Елена Душечкина. \"[http://sites.utoronto.ca/tsq/12/dushechkina12.shtml Мессианские тенденции в советской антропонимической практике 1920-х - 1930-х годов]\" {{ru icon}}</ref> Di dalam bahasa Rusia itu hanya digunakan sebagai nama wanita.<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\" /><ref name=\"Petrovsky\" /> [[diminutif]] nama ini termasuk \"{{lang|ru|А́ва}}\" (''Ava'') dan \"{{lang|ru|Ви́я}}\" (''Viya'').<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>\n== Tempat ==\n* [[Abia (negara bagian Nigeria)]] - negara bagian di [[Nigeria]]\n== Tokoh Alkitab ==\n=== Perempuan ===\n* [[Abia (ratu Yehuda)|Abia]] ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 29:1}}), istri [[Ahas]], raja [[Kerajaan Yehuda]]. Namanya juga ditulis \"Abi\" ({{Alkitab|2 Raja-raja 18:2}}). Ayahnya bernama Zakharia; ia adalah ibu raja [[Hizkia]] ({{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 29:1}}).\n* Istri [[Hezron]], salah satu cucu [[Yehuda]] ({{Alkitab|1 Tawarikh 2:24}}).\n\n=== Laki-laki ===\n* [[Abia (raja Yehuda)|Abia dari Yehuda]] - raja [[Kerajaan Yehuda]] ([[2 Tawarikh 13:1]][[2 Tawarikh 14:1|-14:1]]); juga dikenal dengan nama \"Abiam\" (אבים, ''Abiyam'', ''Abijam'', \"Bapaku adalah ''Yam'' [Lautan]\") pada [[1 Raja-raja 15:1]], putra dan penerus raja [[Rehabeam]] ([[1 Tawarikh 3:10]], [[Matius 1:7]], [[1 Raja-raja 14:31]]).\n* Abia bin [[Daftar nama dalam Alkitab diawali huruf B#Be|Bekher]] bin [[Benyamin]] ({{Alkitab|1 Tawarikh 7:8}}).\n* Putra kedua [[Samuel]] ({{Alkitab|1 Samuel 8:2; 1 Tawarikh 6:28}}). Kelakuannya yang tidak baik, seperti juga saudara laki-lakinya, Yoel, ketika ditunjuk oleh ayahnya untuk menjabat sebagai hakim di [[Bersyeba]], mengakibatkan ketidakpuasan massal yang akhirnya membuat umat menuntut pembentukan [[monarki]] di [[Israel]].\n* [[Abia (imam)|Abia]], keturunan [[Harun]], salah seorang pemimpin dari 24 [[Pembagian rombongan Imam Israel|rombongan imam]] yang dibagi tugasnya dalam pemerintahan raja [[Daud]] ([[1 Tawarikh 24:10]]). Keluarga imam Abia dicatat bersama-sama para imam dan orang Lewi yang kembali bersama-sama [[Zerubabel]] bin [[Sealtiel]] dan Imam Besar [[Yesua]]. ({{Alkitab|Nehemia 12:4; 17}}). Seorang keturunannya, [[Zakharia (imam)|Zakharia]], menjabat sebagai imam pada [[Bait Suci Kedua]], dan adalah bapa dari [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] ([[Lukas 1:5]], [[Lukas 1:13]]).\n* Seorang putra [[Yerobeam bin Nebat]], raja pertama [[Kerajaan Israel Utara]]. Anak ini jatuh sakit parah, sehingga Yerobeam menyuruh [[Istri Yerobeam|istrinya]] untuk menemui [[nabi]] [[Ahia orang Silo|Ahia]] agar dapat disembuhkan. Nabi tua itu, meskipun buta, langsung mengenali istri Yerobeam, segera setelah perempuan itu datang, dan atas dorongan ilahi, mengumumkan mengenai Abia bin Yerobeam bin Nebat bahwa \"hanya dialah daripada keluarga Yerobeam yang akan mendapat kubur, sebab di antara keluarga Yerobeam hanya padanyalah terdapat sesuatu yang baik di mata TUHAN, Allah Israel\". Begitu ibunya masuk melangkahi ambang pintu rumah, anak itu mati, dan \"seluruh Israel meratapi dia sesuai dengan firman TUHAN yang diucapkan-Nya dengan perantaraan hamba-Nya, nabi Ahia.\" ({{Alkitab|1 Raja-raja 14:1–18}}).\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pustaka ==\n* Н. А. Петровский (N. A. Petrovsky). \"Словарь русских личных имён\" (''Dictionary of Russian First Names''). ООО Издательство \"АСТ\". Москва, 2005. {{ISBN|5-17-002940-3}}\n* А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya). \"Словарь русских имён\" (''Dictionary of Russian Names''). Издательство Эксмо. Москва, 2005. {{ISBN|5-699-14090-5}}\n* {{Eastons|Abijah}}\n{{disambig nama}}\n<!--\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\nKomentar panjang agar halaman tidak dimasukkan ke daftar halaman pendek\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-->","hash":"ac6fd44ed13f39a832781618bbcedff772d0da108752b9e0944e23b6de8a7f0b","last_revision":"2022-12-26T09:02:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:26:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.480834","cross_lingual_links":{"ceb":"Abia","de":"Abia (Begriffsklärung)","en":"Abia","es":"Abia","fi":"Abia","gl":"Abia","hu":"Abia (egyértelműsítő lap)","ig":"Abia","it":"Abia","nl":"Abia","nb":"Abia","pl":"Abia (ujednoznacznienie)","pt":"Abia","ro":"Abia (dezambiguizare)","ru":"Абия (значения)","scn":"Abia","sv":"Abia (olika betydelser)","sw":"Abia","uk":"Абія (значення)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.442685","text":"Abia (; 'Ăḇîyāh; juga Abiah; di dalam Ibrani modern Aviya) merupakan nama uniseks Ibrani Alkitabiah yang berarti \"bapa saya adalah Yah\". Kategori:Artikel Yang Dilindungi\n\nVarian yang digunakan di dalam Bahasa Rusia adalah \"\" (Aviya), dengan \"\" atau \"\" (Abiya), menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih tua. Termasuk di dalam berbagai kalender gereja yang sering ditulis tangan di sepanjang abad ke-17–19, dihilangkan dari sinode Menologium resmi di akhir abad ke-19. Pada tahun 1924–1930, nama (sebagai \"\", bentuk \"Abiya\") dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai kalender Soviet, yang mencakup nama baru dan sering dibuat secara artifisial yang mempromosikan realitas Soviet baru dan mendorong pemecahan dengan tradisi menggunakan nama-nama di Synodal Menologia. Di dalam bahasa Rusia itu hanya digunakan sebagai nama wanita. diminutif nama ini termasuk \"\" (Ava) dan \"\" (Viya).\n\nAbia (negara bagian Nigeria) - negara bagian di Nigeria\n\nAbia (), istri Ahas, raja Kerajaan Yehuda. Namanya juga ditulis \"Abi\" (). Ayahnya bernama Zakharia; ia adalah ibu raja Hizkia (). Istri Hezron, salah satu cucu Yehuda ().\n\nAbia dari Yehuda - raja Kerajaan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 13:1-14:1); juga dikenal dengan nama \"Abiam\" (אבים, Abiyam, Abijam, \"Bapaku adalah Yam [Lautan]\") pada 1 Raja-raja 15:1, putra dan penerus raja Rehabeam (1 Tawarikh 3:10, Matius 1:7, 1 Raja-raja 14:31). Abia bin Bekher bin Benyamin (). Putra kedua Samuel (). Kelakuannya yang tidak baik, seperti juga saudara laki-lakinya, Yoel, ketika ditunjuk oleh ayahnya untuk menjabat sebagai hakim di Bersyeba, mengakibatkan ketidakpuasan massal yang akhirnya membuat umat menuntut pembentukan monarki di Israel. Abia, keturunan Harun, salah seorang pemimpin dari 24 rombongan imam yang dibagi tugasnya dalam pemerintahan raja Daud (1 Tawarikh 24:10). Keluarga imam Abia dicatat bersama-sama para imam dan orang Lewi yang kembali bersama-sama Zerubabel bin Sealtiel dan Imam Besar Yesua. (). Seorang keturunannya, Zakharia, menjabat sebagai imam pada Bait Suci Kedua, dan adalah bapa dari Yohanes Pembaptis (Lukas 1:5, Lukas 1:13). Seorang putra Yerobeam bin Nebat, raja pertama Kerajaan Israel Utara. Anak ini jatuh sakit parah, sehingga Yerobeam menyuruh istrinya untuk menemui nabi Ahia agar dapat disembuhkan. Nabi tua itu, meskipun buta, langsung mengenali istri Yerobeam, segera setelah perempuan itu datang, dan atas dorongan ilahi, mengumumkan mengenai Abia bin Yerobeam bin Nebat bahwa \"hanya dialah daripada keluarga Yerobeam yang akan mendapat kubur, sebab di antara keluarga Yerobeam hanya padanyalah terdapat sesuatu yang baik di mata TUHAN, Allah Israel\". Begitu ibunya masuk melangkahi ambang pintu rumah, anak itu mati, dan \"seluruh Israel meratapi dia sesuai dengan firman TUHAN yang diucapkan-Nya dengan perantaraan hamba-Nya, nabi Ahia.\" ().\n\nН. А. Петровский (N. A. Petrovsky). \"Словарь русских личных имён\" (Dictionary of Russian First Names). ООО Издательство \"АСТ\". Москва, 2005. А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya). \"Словарь русских имён\" (Dictionary of Russian Names). Издательство Эксмо. Москва, 2005.\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Nama Ibrani","translated_text":"Hebrew name","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abia (; 'Ăḇîyāh; juga Abiah; di dalam Ibrani modern Aviya) merupakan nama uniseks Ibrani Alkitabiah yang berarti \"bapa saya adalah Yah\".","translated_text":"Abia (; 'Ă ⁇ îyāh; also Abiah; in modern Hebrew Aviya) is a biblical unisex Hebrew name meaning \"my father is Yahweh\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Bentuk Ibrani ''Aviyahu'' juga muncul dalam Alkitab. Lihat W. E. Addis and T. K. Cheyne (1899) \"Abijah\" in Cheyne and Black, eds., ''Encyclopaedia Biblica.'' [https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft]</ref>","char_index":136,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":137999,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:36.651167-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kategori:Artikel Yang Dilindungi","translated_text":"Category:Protected articles","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Nama Rusia","translated_text":"Russian name","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Varian yang digunakan di dalam Bahasa Rusia adalah \"\" (Aviya), dengan \"\" atau \"\" (Abiya), menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih tua.","translated_text":"The variants used in the Russian Language are \"\" (Aviya), with \"\" or \"\" (Abiya), becoming older forms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":62,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":89,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":127,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Termasuk di dalam berbagai kalender gereja yang sering ditulis tangan di sepanjang abad ke-17–19, dihilangkan dari sinode Menologium resmi di akhir abad ke-19.","translated_text":"Included in the various church calendars that were often handwritten throughout the 17th ⁇ 19th century, it was removed from the official synod of the Menologium in the late 19th century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2a\">Superanskaya, pp.&nbsp;22, 23, and 277</ref>","char_index":159,"name":"Superanskaya2a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1924–1930, nama (sebagai \"\", bentuk \"Abiya\") dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai kalender Soviet, yang mencakup nama baru dan sering dibuat secara artifisial yang mempromosikan realitas Soviet baru dan mendorong pemecahan dengan tradisi menggunakan nama-nama di Synodal Menologia.","translated_text":"In 1924 ⁇ 1930, the name (as \"\", the form \"Abiya\") was included in various Soviet calendars, which included new and often artificially created names that promoted the new Soviet reality and encouraged a break with the tradition of using names in the Synodal Menologia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":54,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2a\">Superanskaya, pp.&nbsp;22, 23, and 277</ref>","char_index":101,"name":"Superanskaya2a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Dushechkina\">Toronto Slavic Quarterly. Елена Душечкина. \"[http://sites.utoronto.ca/tsq/12/dushechkina12.shtml Мессианские тенденции в советской антропонимической практике 1920-х - 1930-х годов]\" {{ru icon}}</ref>","char_index":284,"name":"Dushechkina","url":"http://sites.utoronto.ca/tsq/12/dushechkina12.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=windows-1251","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31809,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:39.403574-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam bahasa Rusia itu hanya digunakan sebagai nama wanita. diminutif nama ini termasuk \"\" (Ava) dan \"\" (Viya).","translated_text":"In Russian it is used only as a female name. The diminutives of this name include \"\" (Ava) and \"\" (Viya).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":62,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":62,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":114,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tempat","translated_text":"The place","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abia (negara bagian Nigeria) - negara bagian di Nigeria","translated_text":"Abia (Nigerian state) - state in Nigeria","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tokoh Alkitab","translated_text":"Bible Characters","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perempuan","translated_text":"The woman.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abia (), istri Ahas, raja Kerajaan Yehuda.","translated_text":"Abijah, wife of Ahaz, king of the Kingdom of Judah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namanya juga ditulis \"Abi\" ().","translated_text":"His name is also spelled \"Abi\" ().","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayahnya bernama Zakharia; ia adalah ibu raja Hizkia ().","translated_text":"His father's name was Zechariah; he was the mother of king Hezekiah.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istri Hezron, salah satu cucu Yehuda ().","translated_text":"The wife of Hezron, one of Judah's grandchildren.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Laki-laki","translated_text":"The man.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abia dari Yehuda - raja Kerajaan Yehuda (2 Tawarikh 13:1-14:1); juga dikenal dengan nama \"Abiam\" (אבים, Abiyam, Abijam, \"Bapaku adalah Yam [Lautan]\") pada 1 Raja-raja 15:1, putra dan penerus raja Rehabeam (1 Tawarikh 3:10, Matius 1:7, 1 Raja-raja 14:31).","translated_text":"Abijah of Judah - king of the Kingdom of Judah (2 Chronicles 13:1-14:1); also known as \"Abiam\" (אבים, Abijam, Abijam, \"My father was Yam [the Sea]\") at 1 Kings 15:1, son and successor of King Rehoboam (1 Chronicles 3:10, Matthew 1:7, 1 Kings 14:31).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Abia bin Bekher bin Benyamin ().","translated_text":"Abijah the son of Becher the son of Benjamin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Putra kedua Samuel ().","translated_text":"Samuel's second son.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelakuannya yang tidak baik, seperti juga saudara laki-lakinya, Yoel, ketika ditunjuk oleh ayahnya untuk menjabat sebagai hakim di Bersyeba, mengakibatkan ketidakpuasan massal yang akhirnya membuat umat menuntut pembentukan monarki di Israel.","translated_text":"His bad conduct, like that of his brother Joel, when appointed by his father to serve as a judge at Beersheba, resulted in mass dissatisfaction that eventually led the people to demand the establishment of a monarchy in Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Abia, keturunan Harun, salah seorang pemimpin dari 24 rombongan imam yang dibagi tugasnya dalam pemerintahan raja Daud (1 Tawarikh 24:10).","translated_text":"Abijah, a descendant of Aaron, was one of the leaders of the 24 priestly garrisons assigned to him during the reign of King David. - 1 Chronicles 24:10.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keluarga imam Abia dicatat bersama-sama para imam dan orang Lewi yang kembali bersama-sama Zerubabel bin Sealtiel dan Imam Besar Yesua.","translated_text":"And the family of Abijah the priest was numbered, and the priests and the Levites returned with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the high priest.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"().","translated_text":"It is.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seorang keturunannya, Zakharia, menjabat sebagai imam pada Bait Suci Kedua, dan adalah bapa dari Yohanes Pembaptis (Lukas 1:5, Lukas 1:13).","translated_text":"One of his descendants, Zechariah, served as a priest at the Second Temple, and was the father of John the Baptizer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seorang putra Yerobeam bin Nebat, raja pertama Kerajaan Israel Utara.","translated_text":"A son of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the first king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak ini jatuh sakit parah, sehingga Yerobeam menyuruh istrinya untuk menemui nabi Ahia agar dapat disembuhkan.","translated_text":"The boy was seriously ill, so Jeroboam sent his wife to see the prophet Ahijah to be healed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nabi tua itu, meskipun buta, langsung mengenali istri Yerobeam, segera setelah perempuan itu datang, dan atas dorongan ilahi, mengumumkan mengenai Abia bin Yerobeam bin Nebat bahwa \"hanya dialah daripada keluarga Yerobeam yang akan mendapat kubur, sebab di antara keluarga Yerobeam hanya padanyalah terdapat sesuatu yang baik di mata TUHAN, Allah Israel\".","translated_text":"The old prophet, though blind, immediately recognized Jeroboam's wife, as soon as she came, and by divine encouragement announced concerning Abijah the son of Jeroboam the son of Nebat that \"he alone of the house of Jeroboam will find a grave, because among the house of Jeroboam there is found in him only what is good in the eyes of Jehovah the God of Israel\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Begitu ibunya masuk melangkahi ambang pintu rumah, anak itu mati, dan \"seluruh Israel meratapi dia sesuai dengan firman TUHAN yang diucapkan-Nya dengan perantaraan hamba-Nya, nabi Ahia.\" ().","translated_text":"As soon as his mother entered the doorstep of the house, the boy died, and \"all Israel mourned over him according to the word of Jehovah that he spoke through his servant Ahijah the prophet\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pustaka","translated_text":"The library","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Н. А. Петровский (N. A. Petrovsky).","translated_text":"N. A. Petrovsky.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Словарь русских личных имён\" (Dictionary of Russian First Names).","translated_text":"\"Word of Russian First Names\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"ООО Издательство \"АСТ\".","translated_text":"It's the A.S.T. publishing house.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Москва, 2005.","translated_text":"Moscow, 2005.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya).","translated_text":"A. V. Superanskaya.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Словарь русских имён\" (Dictionary of Russian Names).","translated_text":"\"Word of Russian Names\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Издательство Эксмо.","translated_text":"It's an exotic place.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Москва, 2005.","translated_text":"Moscow, 2005.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Abia (; 'Ăḇîyāh; juga Abiah; di dalam Ibrani modern Aviya) merupakan nama uniseks Ibrani Alkitabiah yang berarti \"bapa saya adalah Yah\".","translated_text":"Abia (; 'Ă ⁇ îyāh; also Abiah; in modern Hebrew Aviya) is a biblical unisex Hebrew name meaning \"my father is Yahweh\".","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":81,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":99,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":136,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref>Bentuk Ibrani ''Aviyahu'' juga muncul dalam Alkitab. Lihat W. E. Addis and T. K. Cheyne (1899) \"Abijah\" in Cheyne and Black, eds., ''Encyclopaedia Biblica.'' [https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft]</ref>","char_index":136,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabib01cheyuoft]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":137999,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:36.651167-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Varian yang digunakan di dalam Bahasa Rusia adalah \"\" (Aviya), dengan \"\" atau \"\" (Abiya), menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih tua.","translated_text":"The variants used in the Russian Language are \"\" (Aviya), with \"\" or \"\" (Abiya), becoming older forms.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":62,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":72,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":89,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":127,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Varian yang digunakan di dalam Bahasa Rusia adalah \"\" (Aviya), dengan \"\" atau \"\" (Abiya), menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih tua. Termasuk di dalam berbagai kalender gereja yang sering ditulis tangan di sepanjang abad ke-17–19, dihilangkan dari sinode Menologium resmi di akhir abad ke-19.","translated_text":"The variants used in the Russian Language are \"\" (Aviya), with \"\" or \"\" (Abiya), becoming older forms. Included in the various church calendars that were often handwritten throughout the 17th ⁇ 19th century, it was removed from the official synod of the Menologium in the late 19th century.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2a\">Superanskaya, pp.&nbsp;22, 23, and 277</ref>","char_index":287,"name":"Superanskaya2a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Varian yang digunakan di dalam Bahasa Rusia adalah \"\" (Aviya), dengan \"\" atau \"\" (Abiya), menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih tua. Termasuk di dalam berbagai kalender gereja yang sering ditulis tangan di sepanjang abad ke-17–19, dihilangkan dari sinode Menologium resmi di akhir abad ke-19. Pada tahun 1924–1930, nama (sebagai \"\", bentuk \"Abiya\") dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai kalender Soviet, yang mencakup nama baru dan sering dibuat secara artifisial yang mempromosikan realitas Soviet baru dan mendorong pemecahan dengan tradisi menggunakan nama-nama di Synodal Menologia.","translated_text":"The variants used in the Russian Language are \"\" (Aviya), with \"\" or \"\" (Abiya), becoming older forms. Included in the various church calendars that were often handwritten throughout the 17th ⁇ 19th century, it was removed from the official synod of the Menologium in the late 19th century. In 1924 ⁇ 1930, the name (as \"\", the form \"Abiya\") was included in various Soviet calendars, which included new and often artificially created names that promoted the new Soviet reality and encouraged a break with the tradition of using names in the Synodal Menologia.","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":342,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2a\">Superanskaya, pp.&nbsp;22, 23, and 277</ref>","char_index":389,"name":"Superanskaya2a","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Dushechkina\">Toronto Slavic Quarterly. Елена Душечкина. \"[http://sites.utoronto.ca/tsq/12/dushechkina12.shtml Мессианские тенденции в советской антропонимической практике 1920-х - 1930-х годов]\" {{ru icon}}</ref>","char_index":572,"name":"Dushechkina","url":"http://sites.utoronto.ca/tsq/12/dushechkina12.shtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=windows-1251","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31809,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:39.403574-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375}]},{"text":"Termasuk di dalam berbagai kalender gereja yang sering ditulis tangan di sepanjang abad ke-17–19, dihilangkan dari sinode Menologium resmi di akhir abad ke-19. Pada tahun 1924–1930, nama (sebagai \"\", bentuk \"Abiya\") dimasukkan ke dalam berbagai kalender Soviet, yang mencakup nama baru dan sering dibuat secara artifisial yang mempromosikan realitas Soviet baru dan mendorong pemecahan dengan tradisi menggunakan nama-nama di Synodal Menologia. Di dalam bahasa Rusia itu hanya digunakan sebagai nama wanita. diminutif nama ini termasuk \"\" (Ava) dan \"\" (Viya).","translated_text":"Included in the various church calendars that were often handwritten throughout the 17th ⁇ 19th century, it was removed from the official synod of the Menologium in the late 19th century. In 1924 ⁇ 1930, the name (as \"\", the form \"Abiya\") was included in various Soviet calendars, which included new and often artificially created names that promoted the new Soviet reality and encouraged a break with the tradition of using names in the Synodal Menologia. In Russian it is used only as a female name. The diminutives of this name include \"\" (Ava) and \"\" (Viya).","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Superanskaya2\">Superanskaya, p.&nbsp;277</ref>","char_index":507,"name":"Superanskaya2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":507,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"<ref name=\"Petrovsky\">Petrovsky, p.&nbsp;35</ref>","char_index":559,"name":"Petrovsky","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Yehu (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"{{penghubung|yehu}}\n* [[Yehu (alat musik)]] - sejenis alat musik\n* [[Yehu]] - raja [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)|Israel]]\n* [[Yehu (nabi)]]\n{{disambig}}\n<!--\n_______________________________________________________________________\n_______________________________________________________________________\n_______________________________________________________________________\nKomentar panjang agar halaman tidak dimasukkan ke daftar halaman pendek\n_______________________________________________________________________\n_______________________________________________________________________\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n-->","hash":"4c230c87f0391236b74f71863c4e4c1b42bc2947359b76b6bdd189518cf30bea","last_revision":"2019-08-12T01:08:52Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:26:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.535018","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Yehu (alat musik) - sejenis alat musik Yehu - raja Israel Yehu (nabi)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yehu (alat musik) - sejenis alat musik Yehu - raja Israel Yehu (nabi)","translated_text":"Jehu (musical instrument) - type of musical instrument of Jehu - King of Israel Jehu (prophet)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kundur, karimun","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kundur, Karimun]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"781df2fd93d3be15186960d00f3a7e0aa24766457fa5ffcb51e1ce1ce8baf848","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:27:17Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:27:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:06.586679","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kundur, Karimun\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kundur, Karimun","translated_text":"I'm going to take care of you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kurdufan selatan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kurdufan Selatan]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"e8b558b4f487d0bd9c2167a73758a334e854a15298b24505e3a84935f827ca03","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:46:39Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:46:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:11.878865","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kurdufan Selatan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kurdufan Selatan","translated_text":"The Southern Curtain","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kurdufan utara","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kurdufan Utara]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"aff596e4d05e1890948c5cd789221531b0d45828b9e7b2a5092c7e93392e0cee","last_revision":"2010-06-14T14:46:49Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:46:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:11.953217","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kurdufan Utara\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kurdufan Utara","translated_text":"ALI of the Northern Curtain","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kurenai yuhi","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar karakter Naruto#Kurenai Yuhi]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"fc8af5adea274ab88e565b11b299debbce4e11febcca1d316e833838ca3ee653","last_revision":"2018-12-04T22:54:16Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:47:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:12.128077","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar karakter Naruto#Kurenai Yuhi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar karakter Naruto#Kurenai Yuhi","translated_text":"A list of characters from Naruto Kurenai Yuhi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Keisuke Honda","wikicode":"{{disambiginfo|Honda (disambiguasi)}}\n{{Infobox football biography\n| name = Keisuke Honda\n| image = Keisuke Honda 2018 (cropped) (cropped) (cropped).jpg\n| image_size = 200\n| caption = Honda bersama {{timnas|jepang |Timnas Jepang}} pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n| fullname = Keisuke Honda<ref name=\"FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players\">{{Cite news| title = FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players| url = https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf| publisher = FIFA| format = PDF| page = 111| date = 4 June 2010| accessdate = 20 April 2014| archive-date = 2020-05-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf| dead-url = yes}}</ref>\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|6|13}}\n| birth_place = Settsu, [[Osaka]], Jepang\n| height = {{height|m=1,82}}<ref>{{cite web|title=National Team Squad|url=http://www.jfa.or.jp/eng/national_team/squad/|publisher=[[Japan Football Association]]|accessdate=15 Januari 2014}}</ref>\n| position = [[Gelandang]]\n| currentclub = \n| clubnumber = \n| youthyears1 = 1994–1998\n| youthclubs1 = Settsu FC\n| youthyears2 = 1999–2001\n| youthclubs2 = [[Gamba Osaka]]\n| youthyears3 = 2002–2004\n| youthclubs3 = Seiryō High School\n| years1 = 2004–2007\n| clubs1 = [[Nagoya Grampus]]\n| caps1 = 90\n| goals1 = 11\n| years2 = 2007–2009\n| clubs2 = [[VVV-Venlo]]\n| caps2 = 68\n| goals2 = 24\n| years3 = 2009–2014\n| clubs3 = [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]]\n| caps3 = 94\n| goals3 = 20\n| years4 = 2014–2017\n| clubs4 = [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]]\n| caps4 = 81\n| goals4 = 9\n| years5 = 2017–2018\n| clubs5 = [[C.F. Pachuca|Pachuca]]\n| caps5 = 29\n| goals5 = 10\n| years6 = 2018–2019\n| clubs6 = [[Melbourne Victory FC|Melbourne Victory]]\n| caps6 = 18\n| goals6 = 7\n| years7 = 2019–2020\n| clubs7 = [[Vitesse Arnhem|Vitesse]]\n| caps7 = 4\n| goals7 = 0\n| years8 = 2020–2021\n| clubs8 = [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]\n| caps8 = 22\n| goals8 = 3\n| years9 = 2021\n| clubs9 = [[Neftçi PFK|Neftçi Baku]]\n| caps9 = 7\n| goals9 = 2\n| years10 = 2021\n| clubs10 = [[FK Sūduva]]\n| caps10 = 6\n| goals10 = 1\n| totalcaps = 419 |totalgoals = 87\n| nationalyears1 = 2005\n| nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|20|Jepang}}\n| nationalcaps1 = 1\n| nationalgoals1 = 0\n| nationalyears2 = 2006–2008\n| nationalteam2 = {{timnasu|23|Jepang}}\n| nationalcaps2 = 18\n| nationalgoals2 = 5\n| nationalyears3 = 2008–2018\n| nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Jepang}}\n| nationalcaps3 = 98\n| nationalgoals3 = 37\n| manageryears1 = 2018–2023\n| managerclubs1 = {{timnas|Kamboja}} (Manajer Umum)\n| manageryears2 = 2022–2023\n| managerclubs2 = {{timnasu|23|Kamboja}}\n| club-update = 23 September 2023\n}}\n{{nihongo|'''Keisuke Honda'''|本田 圭佑|Honda Keisuke}} ({{lahirmati||13|6|1986}}) adalah seorang mantan pemain [[sepak bola]] profesional [[Jepang]]. Sekarang ia telah menjadi manajer dan pelatih.\n\n== Karier ==\n=== Klub ===\nSebelum bermain untuk [[Melbourne Victory FC|Melbourne Victory]], Keisuke pernah bermain untuk [[Nagoya Grampus Eight]], [[VVV-Venlo]], [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]], [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]], dan [[C.F. Pachuca|Pachuca]].\n\n=== Internasional ===\nKeisuke telah bermain 98 kali untuk {{timnas|Jepang|timnas Jepang}} dan telah mencetak 37 gol. Ia termasuk dalam skuat {{timnas|Jepang}} pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]], {{wc|2014}}, dan {{wc|2018}}.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commonscat|Keisuke Honda}}\n* {{ja}} {{resmi|www.keisuke-honda.com}}\n* {{en}} [http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/90718/keisuke-honda?cc=5739 Profil di situs web ESPN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042828/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/90718/keisuke-honda?cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}\n\n{{lifetime|1986||Honda, Keisuke}}\n{{Skuad timnas|Jepang\n|list1=\n{{Skuat PD2010 Jepang}}\n{{Skuat Piala Asia 2011 Jepang}}\n{{Skuat PD2014 Jepang}}\n{{Skuat Piala Asia 2015 Jepang}}\n{{Skuat PD2018 Jepang}}\n}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Jepang]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain VVV-Venlo]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain PFC CSKA Moscow]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain A.C. Milan]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Jepang}}","hash":"42773691c9700dd88579fbf17a6cbb02a08e78167f00b903774d702a251c0c0c","last_revision":"2024-01-02T01:40:36Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T14:49:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:12.714739","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Keisuke Honda","ar":"كيسوكي هوندا","arz":"كيسوكى هوندا","ast":"Keisuke Honda","az":"Keysuke Honda","be":"Кэйсукэ Хонда","be-x-old":"Кейсуке Хонда","bg":"Кейсуке Хонда","bn":"হন্ডা কেস্‌কে","ca":"Keisuke Honda","cs":"Keisuke Honda","cy":"Keisuke Honda","da":"Keisuke Honda","de":"Keisuke Honda","el":"Κεϊσούκε Χόντα","en":"Keisuke Honda","eo":"Keisuke Honda","es":"Keisuke Honda","et":"Keisuke Honda","eu":"Keisuke Honda","fa":"کیسوکه هوندا","fi":"Keisuke Honda","fr":"Keisuke Honda","fy":"Keisuke Honda","gl":"Keisuke Honda","he":"קייסוקה הונדה","hr":"Keisuke Honda","hu":"Honda Keiszuke","hy":"Կեյսուկե Հոնդա","is":"Keisuke Honda","it":"Keisuke Honda","ja":"本田圭佑","ka":"კეისუკე ჰონდა","kaa":"Keisuke Honda","kk":"Кэйсукэ Хонда","ko":"혼다 게이스케","la":"Keisuke Honda","lt":"Keisuke Honda","lv":"Keisuke Honda","mg":"Keisuke Honda","mk":"Кеисуке Хонда","mn":"Хонда Кэйсүкэ","mr":"कैसुके होंडा","ms":"Keisuke Honda","ne":"केइसुके होन्डा","nl":"Keisuke Honda","nn":"Keisuke Honda","nb":"Keisuke Honda","pl":"Keisuke Honda","pt":"Keisuke Honda","ro":"Keisuke Honda","ru":"Хонда, Кэйсукэ","sco":"Keisuke Honda","sh":"Keisuke Honda","simple":"Keisuke Honda","sl":"Keisuke Honda","sq":"Keisuke Honda","sr":"Кеисуке Хонда","sv":"Keisuke Honda","sw":"Keisuke Honda","th":"เคซูเกะ ฮนดะ","tl":"Keisuke Honda","tr":"Keisuke Honda","uk":"Хонда Кейсуке","uz":"Keisuke Honda","vi":"Honda Keisuke","vo":"Keisuke Honda","wuu":"本田圭佑","yo":"Keisuke Honda","zh":"本田圭佑","zh-yue":"本田圭佑"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:47.627462","text":"() adalah seorang mantan pemain sepak bola profesional Jepang. Sekarang ia telah menjadi manajer dan pelatih.\n\nSebelum bermain untuk Melbourne Victory, Keisuke pernah bermain untuk Nagoya Grampus Eight, VVV-Venlo, CSKA Moscow, AC Milan, dan Pachuca.\n\nKeisuke telah bermain 98 kali untuk dan telah mencetak 37 gol. Ia termasuk dalam skuat pada Piala Dunia FIFA 2010, , dan .\n\nProfil di situs web ESPN\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Jepang Kategori:Pemain VVV-Venlo Kategori:Pemain PFC CSKA Moscow Kategori:Pemain A.C. Milan Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2018 Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n| name = Keisuke Honda\n| image = Keisuke Honda 2018 (cropped) (cropped) (cropped).jpg\n| image_size = 200\n| caption = Honda bersama {{timnas|jepang |Timnas Jepang}} pada [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2018]]\n| fullname = Keisuke Honda<ref name=\"FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players\">{{Cite news| title = FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players| url = https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf| publisher = FIFA| format = PDF| page = 111| date = 4 June 2010| accessdate = 20 April 2014| archive-date = 2020-05-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf| dead-url = yes}}</ref>\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|6|13}}\n| birth_place = Settsu, [[Osaka]], Jepang\n| height = {{height|m=1,82}}<ref>{{cite web|title=National Team Squad|url=http://www.jfa.or.jp/eng/national_team/squad/|publisher=[[Japan Football Association]]|accessdate=15 Januari 2014}}</ref>\n| position = [[Gelandang]]\n| currentclub = \n| clubnumber = \n| youthyears1 = 1994–1998\n| youthclubs1 = Settsu FC\n| youthyears2 = 1999–2001\n| youthclubs2 = [[Gamba Osaka]]\n| youthyears3 = 2002–2004\n| youthclubs3 = Seiryō High School\n| years1 = 2004–2007\n| clubs1 = [[Nagoya Grampus]]\n| caps1 = 90\n| goals1 = 11\n| years2 = 2007–2009\n| clubs2 = [[VVV-Venlo]]\n| caps2 = 68\n| goals2 = 24\n| years3 = 2009–2014\n| clubs3 = [[PFC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]]\n| caps3 = 94\n| goals3 = 20\n| years4 = 2014–2017\n| clubs4 = [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]]\n| caps4 = 81\n| goals4 = 9\n| years5 = 2017–2018\n| clubs5 = [[C.F. Pachuca|Pachuca]]\n| caps5 = 29\n| goals5 = 10\n| years6 = 2018–2019\n| clubs6 = [[Melbourne Victory FC|Melbourne Victory]]\n| caps6 = 18\n| goals6 = 7\n| years7 = 2019–2020\n| clubs7 = [[Vitesse Arnhem|Vitesse]]\n| caps7 = 4\n| goals7 = 0\n| years8 = 2020–2021\n| clubs8 = [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]\n| caps8 = 22\n| goals8 = 3\n| years9 = 2021\n| clubs9 = [[Neftçi PFK|Neftçi Baku]]\n| caps9 = 7\n| goals9 = 2\n| years10 = 2021\n| clubs10 = [[FK Sūduva]]\n| caps10 = 6\n| goals10 = 1\n| totalcaps = 419 |totalgoals = 87\n| nationalyears1 = 2005\n| nationalteam1 = {{timnasu|20|Jepang}}\n| nationalcaps1 = 1\n| nationalgoals1 = 0\n| nationalyears2 = 2006–2008\n| nationalteam2 = {{timnasu|23|Jepang}}\n| nationalcaps2 = 18\n| nationalgoals2 = 5\n| nationalyears3 = 2008–2018\n| nationalteam3 = {{timnas|Jepang}}\n| nationalcaps3 = 98\n| nationalgoals3 = 37\n| manageryears1 = 2018–2023\n| managerclubs1 = {{timnas|Kamboja}} (Manajer Umum)\n| manageryears2 = 2022–2023\n| managerclubs2 = {{timnasu|23|Kamboja}}\n| club-update = 23 September 2023\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"() adalah seorang mantan pemain sepak bola profesional Jepang.","translated_text":"() is a former Japanese professional footballer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekarang ia telah menjadi manajer dan pelatih.","translated_text":"Now he's a manager and a coach.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Klub","translated_text":"The club","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelum bermain untuk Melbourne Victory, Keisuke pernah bermain untuk Nagoya Grampus Eight, VVV-Venlo, CSKA Moscow, AC Milan, dan Pachuca.","translated_text":"Prior to playing for Melbourne Victory, Keisuke had played for Nagoya Grampus Eight, VVV-Venlo, CSKA Moscow, AC Milan, and Pachuca.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Internasional","translated_text":"Internationally","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Keisuke telah bermain 98 kali untuk dan telah mencetak 37 gol.","translated_text":"Keisuke has played 98 times for and has scored 37 goals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia termasuk dalam skuat pada Piala Dunia FIFA 2010, , dan .","translated_text":"He was included in the squad at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, and .","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profil di situs web ESPN","translated_text":"Profiles on the ESPN website","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042828/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/90718/keisuke-honda?cc=5739 |date=2012-10-24 }}","char_index":24,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042828/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/90718/keisuke-honda?cc=5739","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:38:39.547574-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Jepang Kategori:Pemain VVV-Venlo Kategori:Pemain PFC CSKA Moscow Kategori:Pemain A.C. 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[[Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi|UTC]]\n|ntupdate = [[20 Oktober]] [[2009]], 18.28 [[Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi|UTC]]\n}}\n'''Nicolas N'Koulou''' ({{lahirmati|[[Yaoundé]], [[Kamerun]]|27|3|1990}}) merupakan seorang pemain [[sepak bola]] [[Kamerun]] yang berposisi sebagai [[bek|pemain bertahan]].\n\n== Karier ==\n=== Klub ===\nNicolas pernah bermain untuk [[AS Monaco FC]] and [[Olympique de Marseille]], sebelum kini bermain untuk [[Olympique Lyonnais]] yang juga bermain di [[Ligue 1]] di [[Prancis]].\n\n=== Internasional ===\nNicolas pernah tampil 3 kali untuk timnas {{timnas|U-23 Kamerun}} tanpa mencetak gol, dan untuk {{timnas|Kamerun|tim nasional senior}} telah tampil 6 kali, juga belum mencetak gol.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{nfteams|33619}}\n* [http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=115609 LFP Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914084750/http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=115609 |date=2008-09-14 }}\n* [http://www.asm-fc.com/joueur.aspx?joueur=259&saison=7&equipe=1 Profile on AS Monaco Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707175755/http://www.asm-fc.com/joueur.aspx?joueur=259&saison=7&equipe=1 |date=2011-07-07 }}\n\n{{lifetime|1990||N'Koulou, Nicolas}}\n{{Skuad timnas|Kamerun\n|list1=\n{{Skuat Piala Afrika 2010 Kamerun}}\n{{Skuat PD2010 Kamerun}}\n{{Skuat PD2014 Kamerun}}\n{{Skuat Piala Afrika 2015 Kamerun}}\n}}\n{{Skuat Marseille}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Kamerun]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain AS Monaco FC]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Olympique de Marseille]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2014]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain Piala Dunia FIFA 2010]]\n\n\n{{Pemain-sb-stub|Kamerun}}","hash":"b0b51386eda78e385f3d4c2afd028f61fa6ad816590262066b3a729c487051e9","last_revision":"2023-03-03T10:16:59Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T15:40:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:27.811245","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"نيكولاس نكولو","arz":"نيكولاس نكولو","azb":"نیکولا 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[[2016]]—\n|clubs1= [[AS Monaco FC|AS Monaco]]\n|clubs2= [[Olympique de Marseille]]\n|clubs3= [[Olympique Lyonnais]]\n|caps1=78|goals1=0\n|caps2=162|goals2=5\n|youthyears = <br /> [[2007]] – [[2008]]\n|youthclubs = [[Akademi Olahraga Kadji]] <br /> [[AS Monaco FC|AS Monaco]]\n|nationalyears = [[2008]] <br /> [[2008]] – ''kini''\n|nationalteam = {{timnas|U-23 Kamerun|Kamerun U-23}} <br /> {{timnas|Kamerun}}\n|nationalcaps(goals) = {{0}}3 (0)<br /> {{0}}68 (1)\n|pcupdate = [[19 Juni]] [[2009]], 19.41 [[Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi|UTC]]\n|ntupdate = [[20 Oktober]] [[2009]], 18.28 [[Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi|UTC]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nicolas N'Koulou () merupakan seorang pemain sepak bola Kamerun yang berposisi sebagai pemain bertahan.","translated_text":"Nicolas N'Koulou () is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a 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+{"title":"La chaîne info","wikicode":"#ALIH [[LCI]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"74a9a4774465935bf1d2d0bd615bc8fabf02abaa21f916ab485a846d1ccda546","last_revision":"2017-09-03T14:03:26Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:06:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.055285","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH LCI\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH LCI","translated_text":"I'm going to tell you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La chaîne parlementaire","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Chaîne parlementaire]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"b440a7309afd714f92314c4ddec8296457dfb49ef2a5b2b1a5211b846d385b3c","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:05Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.113333","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Chaîne parlementaire\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Chaîne parlementaire","translated_text":"It is a parliamentary chain.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La civiltà cattolica","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Civiltà Cattolica]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"693ef653186e5748231763b24cf865b51d6e7104797ad84b75f7fd92c818eb51","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:19Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.172311","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Civiltà Cattolica\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Civiltà Cattolica","translated_text":"Who is the Catholic Church?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La corda d'oro","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Corda D'Oro]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"36a60378a3841aa428cb4c57457066b86cbf84f9d3f02571126005613198b3c9","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:28Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.233405","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Corda D'Oro\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Corda D'Oro","translated_text":"It was La Corda d'Oro.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La cosa nostra","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mafia Amerika]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"759a23f9d0ac1196aad3226e9af586ea4c00d0b549c89e130df099ba33b3f780","last_revision":"2022-08-25T12:25:07Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.299436","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mafia Amerika\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mafia Amerika","translated_text":"The American Mafia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La costa resort and spa","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Costa Resort and Spa]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"1ab2654e92cc10872c12bffd3c981fd2829ea130691b61744c3f886e3b2aadfd","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:49Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.366261","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Costa Resort and Spa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Costa Resort and Spa","translated_text":"LA COSTA Resort and Spa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La courneuve","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Courneuve]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"901951397005627869b42c3bf7cea97102f33c096eb835451996b39f9158885b","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:58Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:07:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.417975","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Courneuve\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Courneuve","translated_text":"It was La Courneuve.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La croix-en-brie","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Croix-en-Brie]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"c86ce97d2a660e4c3c7b3f8c28cb7728147e1413c055312d2f8634d519c3f8ce","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.488375","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Croix-en-Brie\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Croix-en-Brie","translated_text":"This is La Croix-en-Brie.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La croix de berny (rer paris)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Croix de Berny (RER Paris)]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"90c3eba493c21573262baaaf0127491ec9f7851cc9a96e985a244fa11deb726f","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:18Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.544805","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Croix de Berny (RER Paris)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Croix de Berny (RER Paris)","translated_text":"It's called the La Croix de Berny.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La cucaracha","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Cucaracha]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"1cab6625ae0d6465cc214e8c7cdc2e84904701c2b22d93ac149e1e10e70e9981","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:28Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.619393","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Cucaracha\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Cucaracha","translated_text":"What about La Cucaracha?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La défense","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Défense]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"b0811421a73a930b9718a20f2e7a7a54041b41f1bb92251fd7ca711442ee12bf","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:38Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.678470","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Défense\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Défense","translated_text":"By La Défense","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La désirade","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Guadeloupe]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"61754791007fba80421b30e41232ed64afc4d9bbd45dc4364a844cd481e37c7b","last_revision":"2014-05-15T13:23:09Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:08:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.743501","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Guadeloupe\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Guadeloupe","translated_text":"ALIH a commune in the department of Guadeloupe","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La estrada","wikicode":"#ALIH [[A Estrada]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"8fdbf6b8d501cba404086e099d43eda55790e03101208bcdd56437f4a8af7e18","last_revision":"2013-02-18T15:05:53Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:02Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.804616","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH A Estrada\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH A Estrada","translated_text":"On the street","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La ferté-alais","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Ferté-Alais]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"a978220f1ddb67395d0aa23267d9caa098ef5ba39a4c02dd735dfc7af2291868","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.871201","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Ferté-Alais\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Ferté-Alais","translated_text":"It's called La Ferté-Alais.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La ferté-gaucher","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Ferté-Gaucher]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"4e147072143d1ec2853db341cc7652a004d52c7611af0be3ec28e8d33225c80a","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:21Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:35.943286","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Ferté-Gaucher\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Ferté-Gaucher","translated_text":"By La Ferté-Gaucher","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La ferté-sous-jouarre","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Ferté-sous-Jouarre]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"80bbe19cb2c015485f89341feb0ffc1b99985161876d1f0ac401b9859592e897","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:31Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:31Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.004369","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Ferté-sous-Jouarre\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Ferté-sous-Jouarre","translated_text":"This is La Ferté-sous-Jouarre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La forêt-sainte-croix","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Forêt-Sainte-Croix]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"61dfa1a9e38d52bfaefa3b264a05ad5b4bc62725c7bc952a09b6ab4cfe4301fb","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:41Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.062336","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Forêt-Sainte-Croix\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Forêt-Sainte-Croix","translated_text":"In the Forêt-Sainte-Croix","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La forêt-le-roi","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Forêt-le-Roi]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"522823776af620d421fcedeb28330ca65edb436c55c61a930f4ebc4914b453e2","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:51Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:09:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.113020","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Forêt-le-Roi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Forêt-le-Roi","translated_text":"The Forest of La Roye","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La garenne-colombes","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Garenne-Colombes]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"3f57738454fc286c13fe3ca533aada4217a3d73bc8ceda0f1eee30c6b0b76f49","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.168983","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Garenne-Colombes\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Garenne-Colombes","translated_text":"It was La Garenne-Colombes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La gazzetta dello sport","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"74023b2c2cd8c0dd6d2f7bed6fc9db8647fd6596b540571cb7fa2c6ea88f91e9","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:11Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.218914","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Gazzetta dello Sport\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Gazzetta dello Sport","translated_text":"This is La Gazzetta dello Sport.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La generala","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Generala]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"c81046244874225912e0019b1112560c4b615959ff9d94b48826e39f26ea845d","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:21Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.274240","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Generala\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Generala","translated_text":"By the General.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La genevraye","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Genevraye]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"439ee5c77b4bce2668dba1a6ac2a6621fc386ddb4016d81faef886a5e37f41fa","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:31Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:31Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.328036","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Genevraye\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Genevraye","translated_text":"This is La Genevraye.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La gombe (kinshasa)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Gombe (Kinshasa)]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"a578cc485d08d34ae1c080fceb37c6271fcab74d495ce0bd9277ae9100f176e8","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:41Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.392682","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Gombe (Kinshasa)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Gombe (Kinshasa)","translated_text":"I'm not going to lie to you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La grande-paroisse","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Grande-Paroisse]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"6ac9dba60877d17238cf877f7e7e441bd497699ed353744b4c261e6d5001009d","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:51Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:10:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.456898","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Grande-Paroisse\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Grande-Paroisse","translated_text":"By La Grande-Paroisse","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"La hacquinière (rer paris)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[La Hacquinière (RER Paris)]]{{A kapital}}","hash":"22491a06fb58009545bb134ba3cb32c73ba127c2bc97414675e0345a13626e1f","last_revision":"2010-06-14T16:11:01Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:11:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.511310","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH La Hacquinière (RER Paris)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH La Hacquinière (RER Paris)","translated_text":"It's not like I don't know what I'm doing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kristy Lee Cook","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Kristy Lee Cook.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Kristy Lee Cook]]\n'''Kristy Lee Cook''' (lahir di [[Seattle]], [[Washington]], [[Amerika Serikat]], 18 [[Januari]] [[1984]]) adalah seorng [[aktris]] dan [[penyanyi]] Amerika.<ref name=\"Kristy\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2923585/&ei=JFIWTPLJBsLGrAf51oylCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDQQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DKristy%2BLee%2BCook%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Divln ''Biografi Kristy Lee Cook'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis [[American idol musim ketujuh]].<ref name=\"Lee\">[http://vibizlife.com/music_film_details.php?id=2650&sub=music_film&awal=1150&page=116&pg=music_film ''Kristy Lee Cook Tersisih dari Panggung American Idol'']{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Semula, ia mengikuti American idol dengan tujuan untuk mengubah nasibnya.<ref name=\"Kristy\"/> Ia rela menjual kudanya untuk menuju ke tempat [[audisi]].<ref name=\"Kristy\"/> Meskipun sebelumya, ia sempat terlibat kontrak [[rekaman]] dengan perusahaan musik [[Britney Spears]] dan dengan [[Arista Nashville]] di bawah label ''RCA Records''.<ref name=\"Cook\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.mahalo.com/kristy-lee-cook&ei=JFIWTPLJBsLGrAf51oylCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBwQ7gEwADgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DKristy%2BLee%2BCook%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Divln ''Kristy Lee Cook'']. Diakses 14 Juni 2010.</ref> Dan, pada tahun 2005 ia sempat merilis [[album]] bertajuk ''Setia.''<ref name=\"Cook\"/> Ia tereliminasi dari American idol pada 17 April 2008, pada posisi tujuh besar.<ref name=\"Lee\"/> Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk terus mengejar kariernya dalam ber[[musik]].<ref name=\"Lee\"/>\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:American idol]]\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1984]]\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi Amerika Serikat]]\n\n\n{{penyanyi-stub}}","hash":"69c2cb676fa2539709b12bdd7ff56b0598fe1bd99f053f7754fa9967f922be06","last_revision":"2022-12-01T07:03:56Z","first_revision":"2010-06-14T16:11:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T09:47:36.566336","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"كريستى لى كوك","en":"Kristy Lee Cook","es":"Kristy Lee Cook","zh":"克斯蒂·李·庫克"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:55:48.035125","text":"Kristy Lee Cook (lahir di Seattle, Washington, Amerika Serikat, 18 Januari 1984) adalah seorng aktris dan penyanyi Amerika. Namanya mulai dikenal setelah ia berhasil menjadi salah satu finalis American idol musim ketujuh. Semula, ia mengikuti American idol dengan tujuan untuk mengubah nasibnya. Ia rela menjual kudanya untuk menuju ke tempat audisi. Meskipun sebelumya, ia sempat terlibat kontrak rekaman dengan perusahaan musik Britney Spears dan dengan Arista Nashville di bawah label RCA Records. Dan, pada tahun 2005 ia sempat merilis album bertajuk Setia. Ia tereliminasi dari American idol pada 17 April 2008, pada posisi tujuh besar. Setelah tersisih, ia berniat untuk terus mengejar kariernya dalam bermusik.\n\nKategori:American idol Kategori:Kelahiran 1984 Kategori:Penyanyi Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kristy Lee Cook (lahir di Seattle, Washington, Amerika Serikat, 18 Januari 1984) adalah seorng aktris dan penyanyi Amerika.","translated_text":"Kristy Lee Cook (born January 18, 1984) is an American actress and singer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"<ref name=\"Kristy\">[http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2923585/&ei=JFIWTPLJBsLGrAf51oylCA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDQQ7gEwBDgK&prev=/search%3Fq%3DKristy%2BLee%2BCook%26start%3D10%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26prmd%3Divln ''Biografi Kristy Lee Cook'']. 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