[\n\n== Keselamatan ==\nDialil disulfida dapat mengiritasi kulit dan merupakan [[alergen]]. Terutama menyebabkan [[alergi bawang putih]] ([[dermatitis kontak alergi]] terhadap bawang putih). Alergi biasanya dimulai dari ujung jari dan tidak dapat dicegah dengan penggunaan sarung tangan karena dialil disulfida dapat menembus hampir semua jenis sarung tangan komersial.][Block, E (2009). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&pg=PA288 Garlic and other alliums: the lore and the science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 228. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.][Horn, TD (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305 Dermatology, Volume 2]''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 305. ISBN 0-323-02578-1.][{{Cite web |url=http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |title=Garlic |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |dead-url=yes }}][Moyle, M; Frowen, K; Nixon, R (2004). \"Use of gloves in protection from diallyl disulphide allergy\". ''The Australasian Journal of Dermatology'' '''45''' (4): 223–5.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00102.x|10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00102.x]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527433 15527433].]\n\nMedian [[dosis letal]] (LD50) melalui mulut pada [[mencit]] adalah 260 mg per kg berat badan dan 3,6 g/kg melalui kulit. Jika sebanyak 5 g/kg (dosis tinggi) diletakkan pada kulit kucing menyebabkan kematian akibat [[anemia hemolitik]].[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]][{{Cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |title=EPA documents |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |dead-url=yes }}]\n\nDialil disulfida di udara atau darah dapat dideteksi dengan mudah dengan [[kromatografi gas]].[{{Cite web |url=http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |title=documents of the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |dead-url=yes }}][Sun, X; Guo, T; He, J; Zhao, M; Yan, M; Cui, F; Deng, Y (2006). \"Simultaneous determination of diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide in rat blood by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection\". ''Die Pharmazie'' '''61''' (12): 985–8. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17283653 17283653].]\n\n== Lihat juga ==\n* [[Alil propil disulfida]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist|2}}\n\n{{Allium}}\n\n[[Kategori:Alkena]]\n[[Kategori:Disulfida organik]]\n[[Kategori:Nematisida]]","hash":"8ea4c196661319644466a5b68bcde9cb518f213e70dc53b375f33907257409a7","last_revision":"2022-11-13T03:18:22Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T10:06:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:01.232168","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ثنائي كبريتيد ثنائي الأليل","azb":"دیآلیل دیسولفید","de":"Diallyldisulfid","en":"Diallyl disulfide","eo":"Dualila dusulfido","fa":"دیآلیل دیسولفید","fr":"Disulfure d'allyle","hu":"Diallil-diszulfid","it":"Disolfuro di diallile","ja":"二硫化アリル","ru":"Диаллилдисульфид","sh":"Dialil disulfid","sr":"Dialil disulfid","zh":"二烯丙基二硫"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.232361","text":"Dialil disulfida (DADS atau 4,5-dithia-1,7-oktadiena) adalah suatu senyawa organosulfur yang terdapat pada bawang putih dan beberapa tumbuhan dari genus Allium lainnya. Terdapat bersama dialil trisulfida dan dialil tetrasulfida, DADS adalah salah satu komponen utama dari minyak atsiri bawang putih. Berbentuk cairan kekuningan yang tidak larut dalam air dan mempunyai bau bawang putih yang kuat. Senyawa ini dihasilkan selama dekomposisi alisin, yang dibebaskan selama penghancuran bawang putih dan tumbuhan lain yang termasuk famili Alliaceae. Dialil disulfida memiliki banyak manfaat kesehatan, tetapi juga suatu alergen yang menyebabkan alergi bawang putih. Dalam bentuk encernya, ini digunakan sebagai zat perisa dalam makanan. DADS terdekomposisi dalam tubuh manusia menjadi senyawa lain seperti alil metil sulfida.\n\nPada tahun 1844, Theodor Wertheim melakukan pemisahan dengan cara distilasi uap suatu zat berbau sengak dari bawang putih dan diberi nama \"alil sulfur.\" Namun, baru pada tahun 1892 Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler mengidentifikasi dialil disulfida sebagai salah satu komponen minyak distilasi bawang putih. Prekursor alami dialil disulfida, alisin, ditemukan pada tahun 1944 oleh Chester J. Cavallito dan John Hays Bailey. Pada tahun 1947, A. Stoll dan E. Seebeck menemukan bahwa alisin dapat diproduksi dari derivat sisteina yaitu alliin menggunakan enzim alliinase.\n\nDialil disulfida dan trisulfida diproduksi melalui dekomposisi alisin, yang dibebaskan selama pemecahan sel tumbuhan Alliaceae, terutama bawang putih. Rendemen dialil disulfida adalah yang tertinggi dari hasil distilasi uap umbi bawang putih dengan kandungan sebesar 2 %berat dari minyak yang kaya dialil disulfida. Dialil disulfida dapat juga diekstraksi dari daun bawang putih, tetapi kandungan minyaknya sangat rendah, hanya 0,06 %berat.\n\nPada skala industri, dialil disulfida diproduksi dari natrium disulfida dan alil bromida atau alil klorida pada temperatur 40–60 °C dalam atmosfer gas inert; natrium disulfida dihasilkan secara in situ dengan mereaksikan natrium sulfida dengan belerang. Reaksi bersifat eksotermik dan 88% efisiensi teoritisnya pada praktiknya telah terpenuhi.\n\nKuantitas yang lebih kecil dapat disintesis dari bahan awal yang sama, tetapi dilakukan di udara terbuka dan menggunakan tetrabutilamonium bromida sebagai katalis. Rendemen yang dihasilkan di bawah 82%. Masalah utama, baik sintesis industrial dan ekstraksi dari tumbuhan, adalah pemisahan dialil disulfida dari sulfidanya yang lebih tinggi (dialil trisulfida (DATS), dsb). Mereka memiliki sifat fisika yang sangat serupa dan oleh karena itu, produk komersialnya hanya mengandung 80% dialil disulfida. Perubahan alisin menjadi dialil disulfida dan trisulfida berlangsung cepat pada temperatur di atas 37 °C.\n\nDialil disulfida mempunyai bau bawang putih yang kuat. Berupa cairan jernih kekuningan dengan titik didih antara 138–139 °C (untuk kemurnian 80%) dan mempunyai titik nyala pada 50 °C. Memiliki massa jenis sekitar 1,0 g/mL dengan tekanan uap 1 mmHg pada 20 °C. Sifatnya yang non-polar menyebabkan dialil disulfida tidak larut dalam air tetapi larut dalam lemak, minyak, lipid, dan pelarut-pelarut non-polar seperti heksana dan toluena.\n\nDialil disulfida mudah dioksidasi menjadi alisin dengan hidrogen peroksida atau asam perasetat. Alisin dapat mengalami hidrolisis menghasilkan dialil disulfida dan trisulfida. Reaksi dialil disulfida dengan belerang cair menghasilkan campuran yang mengandung dialil polisulfida dengan 22 atom belerang pada rantai utamanya. Ketika dialil disulfida dipanaskan ia terdekomposisi menghasilkan campuran kompleks. Ikatan karbon-belerang dialil disulfida adalah 16 Kal mol−1 lebih lemah daripada ikatan belerang-belerang (46 Kal mol−1 vs 62 Kal mol−1), dengan konsekuensi bahwa pada pemansan, dialil disulfida menghasilakn radikal alilditio (AllSS•), yang jika diadisi pada ikatan rangkap dialil disulfida diikuti dengan fragmentasi dan reaksi berkelanjutan menghasilkan sejumlah senyawa organosulfur, yang banyak ditemukan dalam minyak bawang putih sebagai senyawa renik. Dengan adanya katalis, dialil disulfida dapat bereaksi dengan alkil halida membentuk 1-alkiltio-3-aliltio-1-propena dan 1,3-di(alkiltio)propena.\n\nDengan adanya katalis besi klorida atau tembaga klorida, atau belerang cair pada 120 °C, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis dialil polisulfida yang lebih tinggi (polisulfan). Dalam pertanian, dialil disulfida dan dialil polisulfida terkait menunjukkan aktivitas sebagai nematisida ramah lingkungan. Dialil disulfida juga merupakan bahan dasar sintesis alisin. Dalam industri makanan, dialil disulfida digunakan untuk memperbaiki rasa daging, sayuran, dan buah-buahan.\n\nBau tak sedap dialil disulfida dirasakan melalui transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1). Saluran ion ini telah lama dikenal tidak hanya pada manusia dan hewan, tetapi juga pada fungi. Oleh karena itu, tumbuhan Alliaceae tampaknya mengembangkan mekanisme perlindungan dialil disulfida-TRPA1 untuk mencegah predator di awal evolusinya.\n\nDialil disulfida adalah zat detoksifikasi sel yang efisien. Ia meningkatkan secara signifikan produksi enzim glutathione S-transferase (GST), yang mengikat toksin elektrofilik dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, bawang putih mendukung, misalnya, fungsi detoksifikasi sel hati (liver) secara in vitro dan melindungi sel saraf dari tekanan oksidatif secara in vitro pula. Efek detoksifikasi dapat mencegah gejala inflamasi. Ini telah dibuktikan melalui suatu studi pada mencit ketika diberi dialil disulfida ternyata ia terlindung dari keracunan pada sel intestinalnya. Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa efek samping tertentu dari minyak bawang putih dosis tinggi tidak diakibatkan oleh dialil disulfida. Dengan mendukung aktivitas detoksifikasi dalam liver, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan untuk melindungi liver selama kemoterapi, misalnya terhadap detoksifikasi sianida.\n\nPembebasan senyawa organosulfur saat penghancuran sel tumbuhan Alliaceae mempunyai kepentingan besar, karena sifat antimikroba, insektisidal dan larvasidal senyawa tersebut. Dialil disulfida, khususnya, adalah senyawa utama minyak bawang putih dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kapang dan bakteri. Ini juga mempunyai aksi melawan Helicobacter pylori yang dapat merusak lambung, meskipun tidak seefisien allicin. Oleh karena efek antrimikrobanya, dialil sulfida, bersama-sama dengan tobramycin, dimasukkan ke dalam preparat yang digunakan untuk dekontaminasi selektif organ (misal, usus) sebelum pembedahan. Suatu studi klinis menunjukkan bahwa preparasi semacam ini mencegah endotoksemia pada operasi katup jantung.\n\nBawang putih dapat mencegah kanker usus besar, dan beberapa studi mengungkapkan bahwa dialil disulfida adalah komponen utama yang bertanggung jawab aksi ini. Efeknya bergantung pada dosis yang diberikan seperti terlihat pada percobaan mencit. Pengaruh dialil terhadap sel kanker jauh lebih kuat daripada sel normal. Hal ini juga menghasilkan akumulasi kuat beberapa zat dan tergantung pada dosisnya, misalnya pada spesies oksigen reaktif, yang mengaktivasi enzim dan menyebabkan penghancuran sel kanker.\n\nTerdapat bukti bahwa bawang putih dapat mencegah perkembangan penyakit kardiovaskular. Alasan yang mungkin untuk beberapa penyakit ini antara lain, aterosklerosis atau penyakit arteri koroner adalah stres oksidatif. Penyakit arteri koroner diturunkan oleh dialil disulfida dengan membantu detoksifikasi sel, seperti mekanisme lainnya. Dengan mengaktivasi saluran ion TRPA1, dialil disulfida menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah sesaat.\n\nDialil disulfida dapat mengiritasi kulit dan merupakan alergen. Terutama menyebabkan alergi bawang putih (dermatitis kontak alergi terhadap bawang putih). Alergi biasanya dimulai dari ujung jari dan tidak dapat dicegah dengan penggunaan sarung tangan karena dialil disulfida dapat menembus hampir semua jenis sarung tangan komersial.\n\nMedian dosis letal (LD₅₀) melalui mulut pada mencit adalah 260 mg per kg berat badan dan 3,6 g/kg melalui kulit. Jika sebanyak 5 g/kg (dosis tinggi) diletakkan pada kulit kucing menyebabkan kematian akibat anemia hemolitik.\n\nDialil disulfida di udara atau darah dapat dideteksi dengan mudah dengan kromatografi gas.\n\nAlil propil disulfida\n\nKategori:Alkena Kategori:Disulfida organik Kategori:Nematisida\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida (DADS atau 4,5-dithia-1,7-oktadiena) adalah suatu senyawa organosulfur yang terdapat pada bawang putih dan beberapa tumbuhan dari genus Allium lainnya.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide (DADS or 4,5-dithia-1,7-oktadiena) is an organosulfuric compound found in garlic and some other plants of the genus Allium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":168,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat bersama dialil trisulfida dan dialil tetrasulfida, DADS adalah salah satu komponen utama dari minyak atsiri bawang putih.","translated_text":"Along with trisulfide and tetrasulfide, DADS is one of the main components of garlic essential oil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berbentuk cairan kekuningan yang tidak larut dalam air dan mempunyai bau bawang putih yang kuat.","translated_text":"It forms a yellowish liquid that is insoluble in water and has a strong garlic smell.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senyawa ini dihasilkan selama dekomposisi alisin, yang dibebaskan selama penghancuran bawang putih dan tumbuhan lain yang termasuk famili Alliaceae.","translated_text":"The compound is produced during the decomposition of alisin, which is released during the destruction of garlic and other plants belonging to the family Alliaceae.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida memiliki banyak manfaat kesehatan, tetapi juga suatu alergen yang menyebabkan alergi bawang putih.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide has many health benefits, but it is also an allergen that causes garlic allergy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam bentuk encernya, ini digunakan sebagai zat perisa dalam makanan.","translated_text":"In its dilute form, it is used as a flavoring agent in food.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"DADS terdekomposisi dalam tubuh manusia menjadi senyawa lain seperti alil metil sulfida.","translated_text":"DADS decomposes in the human body into other compounds such as methyl sulfide alil.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1844, Theodor Wertheim melakukan pemisahan dengan cara distilasi uap suatu zat berbau sengak dari bawang putih dan diberi nama \"alil sulfur.\"","translated_text":"In 1844, Theodor Wertheim made a separation by steam distillation of a scented substance from garlic and named it \"sulfur allyl\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, baru pada tahun 1892 Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler mengidentifikasi dialil disulfida sebagai salah satu komponen minyak distilasi bawang putih.","translated_text":"However, it was not until 1892 that Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler identified dialyl disulfide as one of the components of garlic distilled oil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prekursor alami dialil disulfida, alisin, ditemukan pada tahun 1944 oleh Chester J. Cavallito dan John Hays Bailey.","translated_text":"The natural precursor of dialilic disulfide, alisin, was discovered in 1944 by Chester J. Cavallito and John Hays Bailey.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1947, A. Stoll dan E. Seebeck menemukan bahwa alisin dapat diproduksi dari derivat sisteina yaitu alliin menggunakan enzim alliinase.","translated_text":"In 1947, A. Stoll and E. Seebeck discovered that alisin can be produced from the cysteine derivative alliin using the enzyme alliinase.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":144,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Omar, SH (2007). \"[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 Historical, chemical and cardiovascular perspectives on garlic: A review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307003643/http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 |date=2012-03-07 }}\". ''Pharmacognosy Reviews'' '''1''' (1): 80.]","char_index":144,"name":"omar","url":"http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.713686-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Omar, SH (2007). \"[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 Historical, chemical and cardiovascular perspectives on garlic: A review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307003643/http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 |date=2012-03-07 }}\". ''Pharmacognosy Reviews'' '''1''' (1): 80.]","char_index":144,"name":"omar","url":"http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.713686-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keberadaan","translated_text":"The Existence","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida dan trisulfida diproduksi melalui dekomposisi alisin, yang dibebaskan selama pemecahan sel tumbuhan Alliaceae, terutama bawang putih.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide and trisulfide are produced through the decomposition of alisin, which is released during the breakdown of Alliaceae plant cells, especially garlic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rendemen dialil disulfida adalah yang tertinggi dari hasil distilasi uap umbi bawang putih dengan kandungan sebesar 2 %berat dari minyak yang kaya dialil disulfida.","translated_text":"The dilution of dialyl disulfide is the highest result of the distillation of garlic pulp steam with a content of 2% by weight of the oil rich in dialyl disulfide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida dapat juga diekstraksi dari daun bawang putih, tetapi kandungan minyaknya sangat rendah, hanya 0,06 %berat.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide can also be extracted from garlic leaves, but its oil content is very low, only 0.06% by weight.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Lawson, L; Wang, Z; Hughes, B (2007). \"Identification and HPLC Quantitation of the Sulfides and Dialk(en)yl Thiosulfinates in Commercial Garlic Products\". ''Planta Medica'' '''57'''(4): 363–370. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1055/s-2006-960119|10.1055/s-2006-960119]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1775579 1775579].]","char_index":124,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1775579","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":141230,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:05.853556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9140625},{"content":"[Edris, A; Fadel, H (2002). \"Investigation of the volatile aroma components of garlic leaves essential oil. Possibility of utilization to enrich garlic bulb oil\". ''European Food Research and Technology'' '''214''' (2): 105–107. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00217-001-0429-2|10.1007/s00217-001-0429-2]].]","char_index":124,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ekstraksi dan representasi","translated_text":"Extraction and representation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada skala industri, dialil disulfida diproduksi dari natrium disulfida dan alil bromida atau alil klorida pada temperatur 40–60 °C dalam atmosfer gas inert; natrium disulfida dihasilkan secara in situ dengan mereaksikan natrium sulfida dengan belerang.","translated_text":"On an industrial scale, dialil disulfide is produced from sodium disulfide and bromide alil or chloride alil at a temperature of 40 ⁇ 60 °C in an inert gas atmosphere; sodium disulfide is produced in situ by reacting sodium sulfide with sulfur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reaksi bersifat eksotermik dan 88% efisiensi teoritisnya pada praktiknya telah terpenuhi.","translated_text":"The reaction is exothermic and 88% of its theoretical efficiency in practice has been met.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |title=WIPO Patent WO/2006/16881 |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805204453/http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10293,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:06.258256-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |title=WIPO Patent WO/2006/16881 |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805204453/http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.today/20120805204453/http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":55424,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.346555-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (66 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kuantitas yang lebih kecil dapat disintesis dari bahan awal yang sama, tetapi dilakukan di udara terbuka dan menggunakan tetrabutilamonium bromida sebagai katalis.","translated_text":"Smaller quantities can be synthesized from the same starting material, but it is done in the open air and uses tetrabutilamonium bromide as a catalyst.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rendemen yang dihasilkan di bawah 82%.","translated_text":"The yield generated is below 82%.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Yuan, X; Chen, X; Jiang, X; Nie, Y (2006). \"Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity evaluation of diallyl disulfide\". ''Journal of Central South University of Technology'' '''13''' (5): 515–518. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11771-006-0079-4|10.1007/s11771-006-0079-4]].]","char_index":38,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masalah utama, baik sintesis industrial dan ekstraksi dari tumbuhan, adalah pemisahan dialil disulfida dari sulfidanya yang lebih tinggi (dialil trisulfida (DATS), dsb).","translated_text":"The main problem, both industrial synthesis and extraction from plants, is the separation of dialyl disulfide from its higher sulfides (dialyl trisulfide (DATS), etc.).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka memiliki sifat fisika yang sangat serupa dan oleh karena itu, produk komersialnya hanya mengandung 80% dialil disulfida.","translated_text":"They have very similar physical properties and therefore, their commercial products contain only 80% dialyl disulfide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perubahan alisin menjadi dialil disulfida dan trisulfida berlangsung cepat pada temperatur di atas 37 °C.","translated_text":"The conversion of alisin to dialylic disulfide and trisulfide occurs rapidly at temperatures above 37 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Freeman, F; Kodera, Y (1995). \"Garlic Chemistry: Stability of S-(2-Propenyl)-2-Propene-1-sulfinothioate (Allicin) in Blood, Solvents, and Simulated Physiological Fluids\". ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' '''43''' (9): 2332–2338. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/jf00057a004|10.1021/jf00057a004]].]","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sifat-sifat","translated_text":"Qualities","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karakteristik fisika","translated_text":"Characteristics of physics","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida mempunyai bau bawang putih yang kuat.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide has a strong garlic smell.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berupa cairan jernih kekuningan dengan titik didih antara 138–139 °C (untuk kemurnian 80%) dan mempunyai titik nyala pada 50 °C.","translated_text":"It is a clear yellowish liquid with a boiling point between 138 ⁇ 139 °C (for 80%) and has a flash point at 50 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Memiliki massa jenis sekitar 1,0 g/mL dengan tekanan uap 1 mmHg pada 20 °C.","translated_text":"It has a type mass of about 1.0 g/mL with a vapor pressure of 1 mmHg at 20 °C.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sifatnya yang non-polar menyebabkan dialil disulfida tidak larut dalam air tetapi larut dalam lemak, minyak, lipid, dan pelarut-pelarut non-polar seperti heksana dan toluena.","translated_text":"Its nonpolar nature causes dialyl disulfide to be insoluble in water but soluble in fats, oils, lipids, and nonpolar solvents such as hexane and toluene.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]]","char_index":174,"name":"gsc","url":"http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":148121,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.509716-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6806640625},{"content":"[[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/317691 Diallyl disulfide at Sigma Aldrich]]","char_index":174,"name":"sa","url":"https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/317691","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.751164-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Reaksi kimia","translated_text":"Chemical reactions","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida mudah dioksidasi menjadi alisin dengan hidrogen peroksida atau asam perasetat.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide is easily oxidized into alisin with hydrogen peroxide or acetate acid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alisin dapat mengalami hidrolisis menghasilkan dialil disulfida dan trisulfida.","translated_text":"Alisin can undergo hydrolysis to produce dialysis disulfide and trisulfide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reaksi dialil disulfida dengan belerang cair menghasilkan campuran yang mengandung dialil polisulfida dengan 22 atom belerang pada rantai utamanya.","translated_text":"The reaction of dialysis sulfide with liquid sulfur produces a mixture containing dialysis polysulfide with 22 sulfur atoms in its main chain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":147,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Wang, K; Groom, M; Sheridan, R; Zhang, S; Block, E (2013). “Liquid Sulfur as a Reagent: Synthesis of Families of Polysulfanes with Twenty or More Sulfur Atoms with Characterization by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–(Ag+)Coordination Ion Spray–Mass Spectrometry” ''J. Sulfur Chem.'' '''34''':55-66. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17415993.2012.721368|10.1080/17415993.2012.721368]].]","char_index":147,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika dialil disulfida dipanaskan ia terdekomposisi menghasilkan campuran kompleks.","translated_text":"When the disulfide is heated it decomposes to produce a complex mixture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ikatan karbon-belerang dialil disulfida adalah 16 Kal mol−1 lebih lemah daripada ikatan belerang-belerang (46 Kal mol−1 vs 62 Kal mol−1), dengan konsekuensi bahwa pada pemansan, dialil disulfida menghasilakn radikal alilditio (AllSS•), yang jika diadisi pada ikatan rangkap dialil disulfida diikuti dengan fragmentasi dan reaksi berkelanjutan menghasilkan sejumlah senyawa organosulfur, yang banyak ditemukan dalam minyak bawang putih sebagai senyawa renik.","translated_text":"The carbon-sulfur bonds of dialyl disulfide are 16 cal mol−1 weaker than the sulfur-sulfur bonds (46 cal mol−1 vs 62 cal mol−1), with the consequence that at thawing, the dialyl disulfide produces the alilditio radical (AllSS•), which when attached to the dialyl disulfide scaffold bonds is followed by fragmentation and continuous reaction producing a number of organosulfur compounds, many of which are found in garlic oil as renic compounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":457,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Block, E; Iyer, R; Grisoni, S; Saha, C; Belman, S; Lossing, FP (1988). \"Lipoxygenase Inhibitors from the Essential Oil of Garlic. Markownikoff Addition of the Allyldithio Radical to Olefins\". ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'' '''110''' (23): 7813–7827.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/ja00231a037|10.1021/ja00231a037]].]","char_index":457,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan adanya katalis, dialil disulfida dapat bereaksi dengan alkil halida membentuk 1-alkiltio-3-aliltio-1-propena dan 1,3-di(alkiltio)propena.","translated_text":"In the presence of a catalyst, dialil disulfide can react with alkyl halide to form 1-alkyltio-3-aliltio-1-propene and 1,3-di(alkyltio) propene.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Amosova SV ''et al.'' (1986) \"Synthesis of 1-alkylthio-3-allylthio-1-propene by the reaction of allyl halides with dialllyl disulfide in the alkali-metal hydroxide-DMSO superbasic system\"''J. Org. Chem USSR (Engl Transl.)'' '''22'''(5): 957–963. [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6388212 Abstract].]","char_index":144,"name":null,"url":"http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6388212","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":94514,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.787957-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8251953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Aplikasi","translated_text":"Applications","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan adanya katalis besi klorida atau tembaga klorida, atau belerang cair pada 120 °C, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis dialil polisulfida yang lebih tinggi (polisulfan).","translated_text":"In the presence of iron-chloride or copper-chloride catalysts, or liquid sulfur at 120 °C, disulfide dialysis can be used as a precursor to the synthesis of higher polysulfide dialysis (polysulfan).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":88,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[//www.google.com/patents/US8101802 U.S. Patent 8,101,802]]","char_index":88,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam pertanian, dialil disulfida dan dialil polisulfida terkait menunjukkan aktivitas sebagai nematisida ramah lingkungan.","translated_text":"In agriculture, dialyl disulfide and related polysulfide dialyl exhibit activity as environmentally friendly nematodes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":123,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida juga merupakan bahan dasar sintesis alisin.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide is also the basis for the synthesis of alisin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam industri makanan, dialil disulfida digunakan untuk memperbaiki rasa daging, sayuran, dan buah-buahan.","translated_text":"In the food industry, dialil disulfide is used to improve the flavor of meat, vegetables, and fruits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]]","char_index":107,"name":"gsc","url":"http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":148121,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.509716-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6806640625},{"content":"[[//www.google.com/patents/US5231114 U.S. Patent 5,231,114]]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kepentingan biologis","translated_text":"The biological importance","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bau dan rasa","translated_text":"Smell and taste","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bau tak sedap dialil disulfida dirasakan melalui transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1).","translated_text":"The odor of dialilic disulfide is sensed through the transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saluran ion ini telah lama dikenal tidak hanya pada manusia dan hewan, tetapi juga pada fungi.","translated_text":"These ion channels have long been known not only to humans and animals, but also to fungi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, tumbuhan Alliaceae tampaknya mengembangkan mekanisme perlindungan dialil disulfida-TRPA1 untuk mencegah predator di awal evolusinya.","translated_text":"Therefore, the Alliaceae plant appears to be developing a dialil disulfide-TRPA1 protective mechanism to prevent predators early in its evolution.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Bautista, DM; Movahed, P; Hinman, A; Axelsson, HE; Sterner, O; Högestätt, ED; Julius, D; Jordt, SE; Zygmunt, PM (2005). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1]\". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''102'''(34): 12248–12252. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0505356102|10.1073/pnas.0505356102]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 1189336].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103371 16103371].]","char_index":149,"name":"stink","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.592451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Bautista, DM; Movahed, P; Hinman, A; Axelsson, HE; Sterner, O; Högestätt, ED; Julius, D; Jordt, SE; Zygmunt, PM (2005). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1]\". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''102'''(34): 12248–12252. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0505356102|10.1073/pnas.0505356102]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 1189336].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103371 16103371].]","char_index":149,"name":"stink","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.592451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Hile, AG; Shan, Z; Zhang, SZ; Block, E (2004). \"Aversion of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to garlic oil treated granules: garlic oil as an avian repellent. Garlic oil analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy\". ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' '''52'''(8): 2192–6. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/jf035181d|10.1021/jf035181d]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15080619 15080619].]","char_index":149,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15080619","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":142971,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.740666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.79931640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keracunan dan detoksifikasinya","translated_text":"Poisoning and detoxification","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida adalah zat detoksifikasi sel yang efisien.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide is an efficient detoxifier of cells.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia meningkatkan secara signifikan produksi enzim glutathione S-transferase (GST), yang mengikat toksin elektrofilik dalam sel.","translated_text":"It significantly increases the production of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), which binds to electrophilic toxins in cells.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, bawang putih mendukung, misalnya, fungsi detoksifikasi sel hati (liver) secara in vitro dan melindungi sel saraf dari tekanan oksidatif secara in vitro pula.","translated_text":"Therefore, garlic supports, for example, the detoxification function of liver cells in vitro and protects nerve cells from oxidative stress in vitro as well.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Germain, E; Chevalier, J; Siess, MH; Teyssier, C (2003). \"Hepatic metabolism of diallyl disulphide in rat and man\". ''Xenobiotica'' '''33''' (12): 1185–99.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00498250310001636840|10.1080/00498250310001636840]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742141 14742141].]","char_index":174,"name":"germ","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742141","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":179274,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:21.161553-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375},{"content":"[Tsai, CW; Yang, JJ; Chen, HW; Sheen, LY; Lii, CK (2005). \"Garlic organosulfur compounds upregulate the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase in rat primary hepatocytes\". ''The Journal of Nutrition'' '''135''' (11): 2560–5. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251611 16251611].]","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251611","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":176638,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:21.637630-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8876953125},{"content":"[Wu, CC; Sheen, LY; Chen, HW; Kuo, WW; Tsai, SJ; Lii, CK (2002). \"Differential effects of garlic oil and its three major organosulfur components on the hepatic detoxification system in rats\". ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' '''50''' (2): 378–83.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/jf010937z|10.1021/jf010937z]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782211 11782211].]","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782211","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":177964,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:22.030819-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91552734375},{"content":"[Fukao, T; Hosono, T; Misawa, S; Seki, T; Ariga, T (2004). \"The effects of allyl sulfides on the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and liver injury by carbon tetrachloride\". ''Food and chemical toxicology'' '''42''' (5): 743–9.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.010|10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.010]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15046820 15046820].]","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15046820","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":199146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:22.580072-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.912109375},{"content":"[Lemar, KM; Aon, MA; Cortassa, S; O'Rourke, B; Müller, CT; Lloyd, D (2007). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 Diallyl disulphide depletes glutathione in Candida albicans: oxidative stress-mediated cell death studied by two-photon microscopy]\". ''Yeast'' '''24''' (8): 695–706. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/yea.1503|10.1002/yea]].1503.[[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 2292485]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534841 17534841].]","char_index":174,"name":"lemar","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:23.020322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Lemar, KM; Aon, MA; Cortassa, S; O'Rourke, B; Müller, CT; Lloyd, D (2007). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 Diallyl disulphide depletes glutathione in Candida albicans: oxidative stress-mediated cell death studied by two-photon microscopy]\". ''Yeast'' '''24''' (8): 695–706. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/yea.1503|10.1002/yea]].1503.[[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 2292485]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534841 17534841].]","char_index":174,"name":"lemar","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:23.020322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Hu, Y; Urig, S; Koncarevic, S; Wu, X; Fischer, M; Rahlfs, S; Mersch-Sundermann, V; Becker, K (2007). \"Glutathione- and thioredoxin-related enzymes are modulated by sulfur-containing chemopreventive agents\". ''Biological Chemistry'' '''388''' (10): 1069–81.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1515/BC.2007.135|10.1515/BC.2007.135]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937621 17937621].]","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937621","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":202146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:23.171459-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8876953125},{"content":"[Koh, SH; Kwon, H; Park, KH; Ko, JK; Kim, JH; Hwang, MS; Yum, YN; Kim, OH; et al. (2005). \"Protective effect of diallyl disulfide on oxidative stress-injured neuronally differentiated PC12 cells\". ''Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research'' '''133''' (2): 176–86.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.10.006|10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.10.006]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15710234 15710234].]","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15710234","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":267235,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:24.216241-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90869140625},{"content":"[Kim, JG; Koh, SH; Lee, YJ; Lee, KY; Kim, Y; Kim, S; Lee, MK; Kim, SH (2005). \"Differential effects of diallyl disulfide on neuronal cells depend on its concentration\".''Toxicology'' '''211''' (1–2): 86–96. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.011|10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.011]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863251 15863251].]","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863251","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212404,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:24.952929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8828125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Efek detoksifikasi dapat mencegah gejala inflamasi.","translated_text":"The detoxification effect can prevent symptoms of inflammation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini telah dibuktikan melalui suatu studi pada mencit ketika diberi dialil disulfida ternyata ia terlindung dari keracunan pada sel intestinalnya.","translated_text":"This has been proven through a study of paint when given dialysis disulfide turns out to protect it from poisoning its intestinal cells.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa efek samping tertentu dari minyak bawang putih dosis tinggi tidak diakibatkan oleh dialil disulfida.","translated_text":"The study also showed that certain side effects of high-dose garlic oil were not caused by dialyl disulfide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Chiang, YH; Jen, LN; Su, HY; Lii, CK; Sheen, LY; Liu, CT (2006). \"Effects of garlic oil and two of its major organosulfur compounds, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, on intestinal damage in rats injected with endotoxin\". ''Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology]]'''''213''' (1): 46–54. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.08.008|10.1016/j.taap.2005.08.008]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274720 16274720].]","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274720","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":174189,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:25.692076-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.85546875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan mendukung aktivitas detoksifikasi dalam liver, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan untuk melindungi liver selama kemoterapi, misalnya terhadap detoksifikasi sianida.","translated_text":"By supporting detoxification activity in the liver, dialil disulfide can be used to protect the liver during chemotherapy, for example against the detoxification of cyanide.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Iciek, M; Marcinek, J; Mleczko, U; Włodek, L (2007). \"Selective effects of diallyl disulfide, a sulfane sulfur precursor, in the liver and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells\". ''European Journal of Pharmacology'' '''569''' (1–2): 1–7. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.055|10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.055]].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560567 17560567].]","char_index":169,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560567","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220184,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:26.094356-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8056640625},{"content":"[Iciek, M; Bilska, A; Ksiazek, L; Srebro, Z; Włodek, L (2005). \"Allyl disulfide as donor and cyanide as acceptor of sulfane sulfur in the mouse tissues\". ''Pharmacological Reports'' '''57'''(2): 212–8. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886420 15886420].]","char_index":169,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886420","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":170266,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:26.548895-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9150390625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Efek antimikroba","translated_text":"Antimicrobial effects","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pembebasan senyawa organosulfur saat penghancuran sel tumbuhan Alliaceae mempunyai kepentingan besar, karena sifat antimikroba, insektisidal dan larvasidal senyawa tersebut.","translated_text":"The release of organosulfur compounds during the destruction of Alliaceae plant cells is of great importance, due to the antimicrobial, insecticidal and larvasidal properties of the compound.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Amonkar, SV; Banerji, A (1971). \"Isolation and characterization of larvicidal principle of garlic\". ''Science'' '''174''' (16): 1343–4. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.174.4016.1343|10.1126/science.174.4016.1343]].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5135721 5135721].]","char_index":173,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5135721","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151734,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:27.154136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77294921875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida, khususnya, adalah senyawa utama minyak bawang putih dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kapang dan bakteri.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide, in particular, is a key compound in garlic oil in inhibiting the growth of mold and bacteria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini juga mempunyai aksi melawan Helicobacter pylori yang dapat merusak lambung, meskipun tidak seefisien allicin.","translated_text":"It also has action against Helicobacter pylori which can damage the stomach, although not as efficiently as allicin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Avato, P; Tursil, E; Vitali, C; Miccolis, V; Candido, V (2000). \"Allylsulfide constituents of garlic volatile oil as antimicrobial agents\". ''Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology'' '''7''' (3): 239–43. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80010-0|10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80010-0]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185736 11185736].]","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185736","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153223,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:27.513447-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8310546875},{"content":"[O'Gara, EA; Hill, DJ; Maslin, DJ (2000). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori]\". ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'''''66''' (5): 2269–73. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000|10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 101489].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788416 10788416].]","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:27.887792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[O'Gara, EA; Hill, DJ; Maslin, DJ (2000). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori]\". ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'''''66''' (5): 2269–73. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000|10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 101489].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788416 10788416].]","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788416","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":169291,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:28.039814-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90283203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena efek antrimikrobanya, dialil sulfida, bersama-sama dengan tobramycin, dimasukkan ke dalam preparat yang digunakan untuk dekontaminasi selektif organ (misal, usus) sebelum pembedahan.","translated_text":"Due to its antimicrobial effects, dialyl sulfide, along with tobramycin, is included in preparations used for selective decontamination of organs (e.g., intestines) prior to surgery.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suatu studi klinis menunjukkan bahwa preparasi semacam ini mencegah endotoksemia pada operasi katup jantung.","translated_text":"One clinical study showed that this type of preparation prevents endotoxemia in heart valve surgery.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Yu, J; Xiao, YB; Wang, XY (2007). \"Effects of preoperatively selected gut decontamination on cardiopulmonary bypass-induced endotoxemia\". ''Chinese Journal of Traumatology'' '''10''' (3): 131–7. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535634 17535634].]","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535634","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":140868,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:28.433372-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.896484375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Melindungi dari kanker usus besar","translated_text":"Protects against colon cancer","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bawang putih dapat mencegah kanker usus besar, dan beberapa studi mengungkapkan bahwa dialil disulfida adalah komponen utama yang bertanggung jawab aksi ini.","translated_text":"Garlic can prevent colon cancer, and some studies reveal that dialil disulfide is a key component responsible for this action.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer. 2nd Edition, 2007 ([[Special:BookSources/0972252223|ISBN 0-9722522-2-3]]) S. [http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf pp.93–94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235446/http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }} (PDF, 12 MB)]","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":37022,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:28.778519-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09979248046875},{"content":"[World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer. 2nd Edition, 2007 ([[Special:BookSources/0972252223|ISBN 0-9722522-2-3]]) S. [http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf pp.93–94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235446/http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }} (PDF, 12 MB)]","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235446/http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.551107-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Efeknya bergantung pada dosis yang diberikan seperti terlihat pada percobaan mencit.","translated_text":"The effect depends on the dosage given as seen in the paint experiment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Milner, JA (2006). \"Preclinical perspectives on garlic and cancer\". ''The Journal of Nutrition'' '''136''' (3 Suppl): 827S–831S. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484574 16484574].]","char_index":84,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484574","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.620988-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375},{"content":"[Yang, JS; Kok, LF; Lin, YH; Kuo, TC; Yang, JL; Lin, CC; Chen, GW; Huang, WW; et al. (2006). \"Diallyl disulfide inhibits WEHI-3 leukemia cells in vivo\". ''Anticancer research'' '''26'''(1A): 219–25. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16475702 16475702].]","char_index":84,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16475702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162706,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.957457-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8291015625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengaruh dialil terhadap sel kanker jauh lebih kuat daripada sel normal.","translated_text":"The effect of dialysis on cancer cells is much stronger than normal cells.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Huang, Z; Lei, X; Zhong, M; Zhu, B; Tang, S; Liao, D (2007). \"Bcl-2 small interfering RNA sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cell to cisplatin and diallyl disulfide\". ''Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica'' '''39''' (11): 835–43.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00356.x|10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00356.x]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989874 17989874].]","char_index":72,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989874","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":179516,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:30.348813-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8916015625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini juga menghasilkan akumulasi kuat beberapa zat dan tergantung pada dosisnya, misalnya pada spesies oksigen reaktif, yang mengaktivasi enzim dan menyebabkan penghancuran sel kanker.","translated_text":"This also results in a strong accumulation of some substances and depends on their dose, for example in reactive oxygen species, which activates enzymes and causes the destruction of cancer cells.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Jo, HJ; Song, JD; Kim, KM; Cho, YH; Kim, KH; Park, YC (2008). \"Diallyl disulfide induces reversible G2/M phase arrest on a p53-independent mechanism in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells\". ''Oncology Reports'' '''19''' (1): 275–80. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.3892/or.19.1.275|10.3892/or.19.1.275]].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18097607 18097607].]","char_index":187,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18097607","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":171855,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:30.848168-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.822265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Melindungi dari penyakit kardiovaskular","translated_text":"Protects against cardiovascular disease","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terdapat bukti bahwa bawang putih dapat mencegah perkembangan penyakit kardiovaskular.","translated_text":"There is evidence that garlic can prevent the development of cardiovascular disease.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alasan yang mungkin untuk beberapa penyakit ini antara lain, aterosklerosis atau penyakit arteri koroner adalah stres oksidatif.","translated_text":"A possible cause of some of these diseases, among others, atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease, is oxidative stress.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyakit arteri koroner diturunkan oleh dialil disulfida dengan membantu detoksifikasi sel, seperti mekanisme lainnya.","translated_text":"Coronary artery disease is induced by dialysis disulfide by aiding cell detoxification, like other mechanisms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Omar, SH (2007). \"[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 Historical, chemical and cardiovascular perspectives on garlic: A review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307003643/http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 |date=2012-03-07 }}\". ''Pharmacognosy Reviews'' '''1''' (1): 80.]","char_index":118,"name":"omar","url":"http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.713686-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan mengaktivasi saluran ion TRPA1, dialil disulfida menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah sesaat.","translated_text":"By activating the TRPA1 ion channel, dialilic disulfide causes an instantaneous drop in blood pressure.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Bautista, DM; Movahed, P; Hinman, A; Axelsson, HE; Sterner, O; Högestätt, ED; Julius, D; Jordt, SE; Zygmunt, PM (2005). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1]\". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''102'''(34): 12248–12252. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0505356102|10.1073/pnas.0505356102]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 1189336].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103371 16103371].]","char_index":99,"name":"stink","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.592451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keselamatan","translated_text":"Security","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida dapat mengiritasi kulit dan merupakan alergen.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide can irritate the skin and is an allergen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terutama menyebabkan alergi bawang putih (dermatitis kontak alergi terhadap bawang putih).","translated_text":"Especially causing garlic allergy (allergic contact dermatitis to garlic).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alergi biasanya dimulai dari ujung jari dan tidak dapat dicegah dengan penggunaan sarung tangan karena dialil disulfida dapat menembus hampir semua jenis sarung tangan komersial.","translated_text":"Allergies usually start at the fingertips and cannot be prevented by the use of gloves because dialil disulfide can penetrate almost all types of commercial gloves.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2009). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&pg=PA288 Garlic and other alliums: the lore and the science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 228. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&pg=PA288","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41671,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.330673-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Horn, TD (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305 Dermatology, Volume 2]''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 305. ISBN 0-323-02578-1.]","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"http://books.google.com/?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":32655,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.760556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.865234375},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |title=Garlic |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.101976-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |title=Garlic |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.118769-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Moyle, M; Frowen, K; Nixon, R (2004). \"Use of gloves in protection from diallyl disulphide allergy\". ''The Australasian Journal of Dermatology'' '''45''' (4): 223–5.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00102.x|10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00102.x]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527433 15527433].]","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527433","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":161883,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.188556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75927734375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Median dosis letal (LD₅₀) melalui mulut pada mencit adalah 260 mg per kg berat badan dan 3,6 g/kg melalui kulit.","translated_text":"The median oral lethal dose (LD50) in menopause is 260 mg per kg of body weight and 3.6 g/ kg through the skin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika sebanyak 5 g/kg (dosis tinggi) diletakkan pada kulit kucing menyebabkan kematian akibat anemia hemolitik.","translated_text":"If as much as 5 g/ kg (high dose) is placed on the skin of the cat it causes death from haemolytic anemia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]]","char_index":110,"name":"gsc","url":"http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":148121,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.509716-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6806640625},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |title=EPA documents |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":110,"name":null,"url":"http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.544108-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |title=EPA documents |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":110,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.676665-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida di udara atau darah dapat dideteksi dengan mudah dengan kromatografi gas.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide in the air or blood can be easily detected by gas chromatography.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |title=documents of the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.745322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |title=documents of the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.827005-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Sun, X; Guo, T; He, J; Zhao, M; Yan, M; Cui, F; Deng, Y (2006). \"Simultaneous determination of diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide in rat blood by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection\". ''Die Pharmazie'' '''61''' (12): 985–8. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17283653 17283653].]","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17283653","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151652,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.898084-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9072265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat juga","translated_text":"See also","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alil propil disulfida","translated_text":"Allyl propyl disulfide","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Alkena Kategori:Disulfida organik Kategori:Nematisida","translated_text":"Categories:Physical and organic compounds Categories:Physical compounds","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Dialil disulfida (DADS atau 4,5-dithia-1,7-oktadiena) adalah suatu senyawa organosulfur yang terdapat pada bawang putih dan beberapa tumbuhan dari genus Allium lainnya.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide (DADS or 4,5-dithia-1,7-oktadiena) is an organosulfuric compound found in garlic and some other plants of the genus Allium.","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":168,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun, baru pada tahun 1892 Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler mengidentifikasi dialil disulfida sebagai salah satu komponen minyak distilasi bawang putih. Prekursor alami dialil disulfida, alisin, ditemukan pada tahun 1944 oleh Chester J. Cavallito dan John Hays Bailey. Pada tahun 1947, A. Stoll dan E. Seebeck menemukan bahwa alisin dapat diproduksi dari derivat sisteina yaitu alliin menggunakan enzim alliinase.","translated_text":"However, it was not until 1892 that Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler identified dialyl disulfide as one of the components of garlic distilled oil. The natural precursor of dialilic disulfide, alisin, was discovered in 1944 by Chester J. Cavallito and John Hays Bailey. In 1947, A. Stoll and E. Seebeck discovered that alisin can be produced from the cysteine derivative alliin using the enzyme alliinase.","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":407,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Omar, SH (2007). \"[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 Historical, chemical and cardiovascular perspectives on garlic: A review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307003643/http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 |date=2012-03-07 }}\". ''Pharmacognosy Reviews'' '''1''' (1): 80.]","char_index":407,"name":"omar","url":"http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.713686-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Omar, SH (2007). \"[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 Historical, chemical and cardiovascular perspectives on garlic: A review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307003643/http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 |date=2012-03-07 }}\". ''Pharmacognosy Reviews'' '''1''' (1): 80.]","char_index":407,"name":"omar","url":"http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.713686-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida dan trisulfida diproduksi melalui dekomposisi alisin, yang dibebaskan selama pemecahan sel tumbuhan Alliaceae, terutama bawang putih. Rendemen dialil disulfida adalah yang tertinggi dari hasil distilasi uap umbi bawang putih dengan kandungan sebesar 2 %berat dari minyak yang kaya dialil disulfida. Dialil disulfida dapat juga diekstraksi dari daun bawang putih, tetapi kandungan minyaknya sangat rendah, hanya 0,06 %berat.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide and trisulfide are produced through the decomposition of alisin, which is released during the breakdown of Alliaceae plant cells, especially garlic. The dilution of dialyl disulfide is the highest result of the distillation of garlic pulp steam with a content of 2% by weight of the oil rich in dialyl disulfide. Dialil disulfide can also be extracted from garlic leaves, but its oil content is very low, only 0.06% by weight.","citations":[{"content":"[Lawson, L; Wang, Z; Hughes, B (2007). \"Identification and HPLC Quantitation of the Sulfides and Dialk(en)yl Thiosulfinates in Commercial Garlic Products\". ''Planta Medica'' '''57'''(4): 363–370. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1055/s-2006-960119|10.1055/s-2006-960119]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1775579 1775579].]","char_index":440,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1775579","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":141230,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:05.853556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9140625},{"content":"[Edris, A; Fadel, H (2002). \"Investigation of the volatile aroma components of garlic leaves essential oil. Possibility of utilization to enrich garlic bulb oil\". ''European Food Research and Technology'' '''214''' (2): 105–107. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00217-001-0429-2|10.1007/s00217-001-0429-2]].]","char_index":440,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada skala industri, dialil disulfida diproduksi dari natrium disulfida dan alil bromida atau alil klorida pada temperatur 40–60 °C dalam atmosfer gas inert; natrium disulfida dihasilkan secara in situ dengan mereaksikan natrium sulfida dengan belerang. Reaksi bersifat eksotermik dan 88% efisiensi teoritisnya pada praktiknya telah terpenuhi.","translated_text":"On an industrial scale, dialil disulfide is produced from sodium disulfide and bromide alil or chloride alil at a temperature of 40 ⁇ 60 °C in an inert gas atmosphere; sodium disulfide is produced in situ by reacting sodium sulfide with sulfur. The reaction is exothermic and 88% of its theoretical efficiency in practice has been met.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |title=WIPO Patent WO/2006/16881 |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805204453/http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":343,"name":null,"url":"http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10293,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:06.258256-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |title=WIPO Patent WO/2006/16881 |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805204453/http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":343,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.today/20120805204453/http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2006016881","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":55424,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:08.346555-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (66 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kuantitas yang lebih kecil dapat disintesis dari bahan awal yang sama, tetapi dilakukan di udara terbuka dan menggunakan tetrabutilamonium bromida sebagai katalis. Rendemen yang dihasilkan di bawah 82%.","translated_text":"Smaller quantities can be synthesized from the same starting material, but it is done in the open air and uses tetrabutilamonium bromide as a catalyst. The yield generated is below 82%.","citations":[{"content":"[Yuan, X; Chen, X; Jiang, X; Nie, Y (2006). \"Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity evaluation of diallyl disulfide\". ''Journal of Central South University of Technology'' '''13''' (5): 515–518. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11771-006-0079-4|10.1007/s11771-006-0079-4]].]","char_index":202,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Masalah utama, baik sintesis industrial dan ekstraksi dari tumbuhan, adalah pemisahan dialil disulfida dari sulfidanya yang lebih tinggi (dialil trisulfida (DATS), dsb). Mereka memiliki sifat fisika yang sangat serupa dan oleh karena itu, produk komersialnya hanya mengandung 80% dialil disulfida. Perubahan alisin menjadi dialil disulfida dan trisulfida berlangsung cepat pada temperatur di atas 37 °C.","translated_text":"The main problem, both industrial synthesis and extraction from plants, is the separation of dialyl disulfide from its higher sulfides (dialyl trisulfide (DATS), etc.). They have very similar physical properties and therefore, their commercial products contain only 80% dialyl disulfide. The conversion of alisin to dialylic disulfide and trisulfide occurs rapidly at temperatures above 37 °C.","citations":[{"content":"[Freeman, F; Kodera, Y (1995). \"Garlic Chemistry: Stability of S-(2-Propenyl)-2-Propene-1-sulfinothioate (Allicin) in Blood, Solvents, and Simulated Physiological Fluids\". ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' '''43''' (9): 2332–2338. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/jf00057a004|10.1021/jf00057a004]].]","char_index":403,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berupa cairan jernih kekuningan dengan titik didih antara 138–139 °C (untuk kemurnian 80%) dan mempunyai titik nyala pada 50 °C. Memiliki massa jenis sekitar 1,0 g/mL dengan tekanan uap 1 mmHg pada 20 °C. Sifatnya yang non-polar menyebabkan dialil disulfida tidak larut dalam air tetapi larut dalam lemak, minyak, lipid, dan pelarut-pelarut non-polar seperti heksana dan toluena.","translated_text":"It is a clear yellowish liquid with a boiling point between 138 ⁇ 139 °C (for 80%) and has a flash point at 50 °C. It has a type mass of about 1.0 g/mL with a vapor pressure of 1 mmHg at 20 °C. Its nonpolar nature causes dialyl disulfide to be insoluble in water but soluble in fats, oils, lipids, and nonpolar solvents such as hexane and toluene.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]]","char_index":379,"name":"gsc","url":"http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":148121,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.509716-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6806640625},{"content":"[[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/317691 Diallyl disulfide at Sigma Aldrich]]","char_index":379,"name":"sa","url":"https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/317691","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.751164-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida mudah dioksidasi menjadi alisin dengan hidrogen peroksida atau asam perasetat. Alisin dapat mengalami hidrolisis menghasilkan dialil disulfida dan trisulfida. Reaksi dialil disulfida dengan belerang cair menghasilkan campuran yang mengandung dialil polisulfida dengan 22 atom belerang pada rantai utamanya.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide is easily oxidized into alisin with hydrogen peroxide or acetate acid. Alisin can undergo hydrolysis to produce dialysis disulfide and trisulfide. The reaction of dialysis sulfide with liquid sulfur produces a mixture containing dialysis polysulfide with 22 sulfur atoms in its main chain.","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":323,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Wang, K; Groom, M; Sheridan, R; Zhang, S; Block, E (2013). “Liquid Sulfur as a Reagent: Synthesis of Families of Polysulfanes with Twenty or More Sulfur Atoms with Characterization by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–(Ag+)Coordination Ion Spray–Mass Spectrometry” ''J. Sulfur Chem.'' '''34''':55-66. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17415993.2012.721368|10.1080/17415993.2012.721368]].]","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Reaksi dialil disulfida dengan belerang cair menghasilkan campuran yang mengandung dialil polisulfida dengan 22 atom belerang pada rantai utamanya. Ketika dialil disulfida dipanaskan ia terdekomposisi menghasilkan campuran kompleks. Ikatan karbon-belerang dialil disulfida adalah 16 Kal mol−1 lebih lemah daripada ikatan belerang-belerang (46 Kal mol−1 vs 62 Kal mol−1), dengan konsekuensi bahwa pada pemansan, dialil disulfida menghasilakn radikal alilditio (AllSS•), yang jika diadisi pada ikatan rangkap dialil disulfida diikuti dengan fragmentasi dan reaksi berkelanjutan menghasilkan sejumlah senyawa organosulfur, yang banyak ditemukan dalam minyak bawang putih sebagai senyawa renik.","translated_text":"The reaction of dialysis sulfide with liquid sulfur produces a mixture containing dialysis polysulfide with 22 sulfur atoms in its main chain. When the disulfide is heated it decomposes to produce a complex mixture. The carbon-sulfur bonds of dialyl disulfide are 16 cal mol−1 weaker than the sulfur-sulfur bonds (46 cal mol−1 vs 62 cal mol−1), with the consequence that at thawing, the dialyl disulfide produces the alilditio radical (AllSS•), which when attached to the dialyl disulfide scaffold bonds is followed by fragmentation and continuous reaction producing a number of organosulfur compounds, many of which are found in garlic oil as renic compounds.","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":690,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Block, E; Iyer, R; Grisoni, S; Saha, C; Belman, S; Lossing, FP (1988). \"Lipoxygenase Inhibitors from the Essential Oil of Garlic. Markownikoff Addition of the Allyldithio Radical to Olefins\". ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'' '''110''' (23): 7813–7827.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/ja00231a037|10.1021/ja00231a037]].]","char_index":690,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika dialil disulfida dipanaskan ia terdekomposisi menghasilkan campuran kompleks. Ikatan karbon-belerang dialil disulfida adalah 16 Kal mol−1 lebih lemah daripada ikatan belerang-belerang (46 Kal mol−1 vs 62 Kal mol−1), dengan konsekuensi bahwa pada pemansan, dialil disulfida menghasilakn radikal alilditio (AllSS•), yang jika diadisi pada ikatan rangkap dialil disulfida diikuti dengan fragmentasi dan reaksi berkelanjutan menghasilkan sejumlah senyawa organosulfur, yang banyak ditemukan dalam minyak bawang putih sebagai senyawa renik. Dengan adanya katalis, dialil disulfida dapat bereaksi dengan alkil halida membentuk 1-alkiltio-3-aliltio-1-propena dan 1,3-di(alkiltio)propena.","translated_text":"When the disulfide is heated it decomposes to produce a complex mixture. The carbon-sulfur bonds of dialyl disulfide are 16 cal mol−1 weaker than the sulfur-sulfur bonds (46 cal mol−1 vs 62 cal mol−1), with the consequence that at thawing, the dialyl disulfide produces the alilditio radical (AllSS•), which when attached to the dialyl disulfide scaffold bonds is followed by fragmentation and continuous reaction producing a number of organosulfur compounds, many of which are found in garlic oil as renic compounds. In the presence of a catalyst, dialil disulfide can react with alkyl halide to form 1-alkyltio-3-aliltio-1-propene and 1,3-di(alkyltio) propene.","citations":[{"content":"[Amosova SV ''et al.'' (1986) \"Synthesis of 1-alkylthio-3-allylthio-1-propene by the reaction of allyl halides with dialllyl disulfide in the alkali-metal hydroxide-DMSO superbasic system\"''J. Org. Chem USSR (Engl Transl.)'' '''22'''(5): 957–963. [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6388212 Abstract].]","char_index":687,"name":null,"url":"http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6388212","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":94514,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:19.787957-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8251953125}]},{"text":"Dengan adanya katalis besi klorida atau tembaga klorida, atau belerang cair pada 120 °C, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis dialil polisulfida yang lebih tinggi (polisulfan).","translated_text":"In the presence of iron-chloride or copper-chloride catalysts, or liquid sulfur at 120 °C, disulfide dialysis can be used as a precursor to the synthesis of higher polysulfide dialysis (polysulfan).","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":88,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[//www.google.com/patents/US8101802 U.S. Patent 8,101,802]]","char_index":88,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan adanya katalis besi klorida atau tembaga klorida, atau belerang cair pada 120 °C, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis dialil polisulfida yang lebih tinggi (polisulfan). Dalam pertanian, dialil disulfida dan dialil polisulfida terkait menunjukkan aktivitas sebagai nematisida ramah lingkungan.","translated_text":"In the presence of iron-chloride or copper-chloride catalysts, or liquid sulfur at 120 °C, disulfide dialysis can be used as a precursor to the synthesis of higher polysulfide dialysis (polysulfan). In agriculture, dialyl disulfide and related polysulfide dialyl exhibit activity as environmentally friendly nematodes.","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2010). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":329,"name":"Block","url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&printsec=frontcover","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42214,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.218676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pertanian, dialil disulfida dan dialil polisulfida terkait menunjukkan aktivitas sebagai nematisida ramah lingkungan. Dialil disulfida juga merupakan bahan dasar sintesis alisin. Dalam industri makanan, dialil disulfida digunakan untuk memperbaiki rasa daging, sayuran, dan buah-buahan.","translated_text":"In agriculture, dialyl disulfide and related polysulfide dialyl exhibit activity as environmentally friendly nematodes. Dialil disulfide is also the basis for the synthesis of alisin. In the food industry, dialil disulfide is used to improve the flavor of meat, vegetables, and fruits.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]]","char_index":292,"name":"gsc","url":"http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":148121,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.509716-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6806640625},{"content":"[[//www.google.com/patents/US5231114 U.S. Patent 5,231,114]]","char_index":292,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bau tak sedap dialil disulfida dirasakan melalui transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1). Saluran ion ini telah lama dikenal tidak hanya pada manusia dan hewan, tetapi juga pada fungi. Oleh karena itu, tumbuhan Alliaceae tampaknya mengembangkan mekanisme perlindungan dialil disulfida-TRPA1 untuk mencegah predator di awal evolusinya.","translated_text":"The odor of dialilic disulfide is sensed through the transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1). These ion channels have long been known not only to humans and animals, but also to fungi. Therefore, the Alliaceae plant appears to be developing a dialil disulfide-TRPA1 protective mechanism to prevent predators early in its evolution.","citations":[{"content":"[Bautista, DM; Movahed, P; Hinman, A; Axelsson, HE; Sterner, O; Högestätt, ED; Julius, D; Jordt, SE; Zygmunt, PM (2005). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1]\". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''102'''(34): 12248–12252. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0505356102|10.1073/pnas.0505356102]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 1189336].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103371 16103371].]","char_index":357,"name":"stink","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.592451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Bautista, DM; Movahed, P; Hinman, A; Axelsson, HE; Sterner, O; Högestätt, ED; Julius, D; Jordt, SE; Zygmunt, PM (2005). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1]\". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''102'''(34): 12248–12252. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0505356102|10.1073/pnas.0505356102]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 1189336].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103371 16103371].]","char_index":357,"name":"stink","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.592451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Hile, AG; Shan, Z; Zhang, SZ; Block, E (2004). \"Aversion of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to garlic oil treated granules: garlic oil as an avian repellent. Garlic oil analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy\". ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' '''52'''(8): 2192–6. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/jf035181d|10.1021/jf035181d]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15080619 15080619].]","char_index":357,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15080619","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":142971,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.740666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.79931640625}]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida adalah zat detoksifikasi sel yang efisien. Ia meningkatkan secara signifikan produksi enzim glutathione S-transferase (GST), yang mengikat toksin elektrofilik dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, bawang putih mendukung, misalnya, fungsi detoksifikasi sel hati (liver) secara in vitro dan melindungi sel saraf dari tekanan oksidatif secara in vitro pula.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide is an efficient detoxifier of cells. It significantly increases the production of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), which binds to electrophilic toxins in cells. Therefore, garlic supports, for example, the detoxification function of liver cells in vitro and protects nerve cells from oxidative stress in vitro as well.","citations":[{"content":"[Germain, E; Chevalier, J; Siess, MH; Teyssier, C (2003). \"Hepatic metabolism of diallyl disulphide in rat and man\". ''Xenobiotica'' '''33''' (12): 1185–99.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00498250310001636840|10.1080/00498250310001636840]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742141 14742141].]","char_index":361,"name":"germ","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14742141","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":179274,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:21.161553-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375},{"content":"[Tsai, CW; Yang, JJ; Chen, HW; Sheen, LY; Lii, CK (2005). \"Garlic organosulfur compounds upregulate the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase in rat primary hepatocytes\". ''The Journal of Nutrition'' '''135''' (11): 2560–5. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251611 16251611].]","char_index":361,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251611","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":176638,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:21.637630-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8876953125},{"content":"[Wu, CC; Sheen, LY; Chen, HW; Kuo, WW; Tsai, SJ; Lii, CK (2002). \"Differential effects of garlic oil and its three major organosulfur components on the hepatic detoxification system in rats\". ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' '''50''' (2): 378–83.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/jf010937z|10.1021/jf010937z]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782211 11782211].]","char_index":361,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782211","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":177964,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:22.030819-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91552734375},{"content":"[Fukao, T; Hosono, T; Misawa, S; Seki, T; Ariga, T (2004). \"The effects of allyl sulfides on the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and liver injury by carbon tetrachloride\". ''Food and chemical toxicology'' '''42''' (5): 743–9.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.010|10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.010]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15046820 15046820].]","char_index":361,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15046820","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":199146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:22.580072-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.912109375},{"content":"[Lemar, KM; Aon, MA; Cortassa, S; O'Rourke, B; Müller, CT; Lloyd, D (2007). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 Diallyl disulphide depletes glutathione in Candida albicans: oxidative stress-mediated cell death studied by two-photon microscopy]\". ''Yeast'' '''24''' (8): 695–706. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/yea.1503|10.1002/yea]].1503.[[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 2292485]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534841 17534841].]","char_index":361,"name":"lemar","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:23.020322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Lemar, KM; Aon, MA; Cortassa, S; O'Rourke, B; Müller, CT; Lloyd, D (2007). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 Diallyl disulphide depletes glutathione in Candida albicans: oxidative stress-mediated cell death studied by two-photon microscopy]\". ''Yeast'' '''24''' (8): 695–706. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/yea.1503|10.1002/yea]].1503.[[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485 2292485]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17534841 17534841].]","char_index":361,"name":"lemar","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2292485","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:23.020322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Hu, Y; Urig, S; Koncarevic, S; Wu, X; Fischer, M; Rahlfs, S; Mersch-Sundermann, V; Becker, K (2007). \"Glutathione- and thioredoxin-related enzymes are modulated by sulfur-containing chemopreventive agents\". ''Biological Chemistry'' '''388''' (10): 1069–81.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1515/BC.2007.135|10.1515/BC.2007.135]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937621 17937621].]","char_index":361,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937621","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":202146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:23.171459-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8876953125},{"content":"[Koh, SH; Kwon, H; Park, KH; Ko, JK; Kim, JH; Hwang, MS; Yum, YN; Kim, OH; et al. (2005). \"Protective effect of diallyl disulfide on oxidative stress-injured neuronally differentiated PC12 cells\". ''Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research'' '''133''' (2): 176–86.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.10.006|10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.10.006]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15710234 15710234].]","char_index":361,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15710234","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":267235,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:24.216241-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90869140625},{"content":"[Kim, JG; Koh, SH; Lee, YJ; Lee, KY; Kim, Y; Kim, S; Lee, MK; Kim, SH (2005). \"Differential effects of diallyl disulfide on neuronal cells depend on its concentration\".''Toxicology'' '''211''' (1–2): 86–96. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.011|10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.011]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863251 15863251].]","char_index":361,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863251","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":212404,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:24.952929-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8828125}]},{"text":"Efek detoksifikasi dapat mencegah gejala inflamasi. Ini telah dibuktikan melalui suatu studi pada mencit ketika diberi dialil disulfida ternyata ia terlindung dari keracunan pada sel intestinalnya. Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa efek samping tertentu dari minyak bawang putih dosis tinggi tidak diakibatkan oleh dialil disulfida.","translated_text":"The detoxification effect can prevent symptoms of inflammation. This has been proven through a study of paint when given dialysis disulfide turns out to protect it from poisoning its intestinal cells. The study also showed that certain side effects of high-dose garlic oil were not caused by dialyl disulfide.","citations":[{"content":"[Chiang, YH; Jen, LN; Su, HY; Lii, CK; Sheen, LY; Liu, CT (2006). \"Effects of garlic oil and two of its major organosulfur compounds, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, on intestinal damage in rats injected with endotoxin\". ''Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology]]'''''213''' (1): 46–54. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.08.008|10.1016/j.taap.2005.08.008]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274720 16274720].]","char_index":331,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274720","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":174189,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:25.692076-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.85546875}]},{"text":"Ini telah dibuktikan melalui suatu studi pada mencit ketika diberi dialil disulfida ternyata ia terlindung dari keracunan pada sel intestinalnya. Studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa efek samping tertentu dari minyak bawang putih dosis tinggi tidak diakibatkan oleh dialil disulfida. Dengan mendukung aktivitas detoksifikasi dalam liver, dialil disulfida dapat digunakan untuk melindungi liver selama kemoterapi, misalnya terhadap detoksifikasi sianida.","translated_text":"This has been proven through a study of paint when given dialysis disulfide turns out to protect it from poisoning its intestinal cells. The study also showed that certain side effects of high-dose garlic oil were not caused by dialyl disulfide. By supporting detoxification activity in the liver, dialil disulfide can be used to protect the liver during chemotherapy, for example against the detoxification of cyanide.","citations":[{"content":"[Iciek, M; Marcinek, J; Mleczko, U; Włodek, L (2007). \"Selective effects of diallyl disulfide, a sulfane sulfur precursor, in the liver and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells\". ''European Journal of Pharmacology'' '''569''' (1–2): 1–7. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.055|10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.055]].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560567 17560567].]","char_index":449,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560567","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":220184,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:26.094356-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8056640625},{"content":"[Iciek, M; Bilska, A; Ksiazek, L; Srebro, Z; Włodek, L (2005). \"Allyl disulfide as donor and cyanide as acceptor of sulfane sulfur in the mouse tissues\". ''Pharmacological Reports'' '''57'''(2): 212–8. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886420 15886420].]","char_index":449,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886420","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":170266,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:26.548895-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9150390625}]},{"text":"Pembebasan senyawa organosulfur saat penghancuran sel tumbuhan Alliaceae mempunyai kepentingan besar, karena sifat antimikroba, insektisidal dan larvasidal senyawa tersebut.","translated_text":"The release of organosulfur compounds during the destruction of Alliaceae plant cells is of great importance, due to the antimicrobial, insecticidal and larvasidal properties of the compound.","citations":[{"content":"[Amonkar, SV; Banerji, A (1971). \"Isolation and characterization of larvicidal principle of garlic\". ''Science'' '''174''' (16): 1343–4. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.174.4016.1343|10.1126/science.174.4016.1343]].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5135721 5135721].]","char_index":173,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5135721","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151734,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:27.154136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77294921875}]},{"text":"Pembebasan senyawa organosulfur saat penghancuran sel tumbuhan Alliaceae mempunyai kepentingan besar, karena sifat antimikroba, insektisidal dan larvasidal senyawa tersebut. Dialil disulfida, khususnya, adalah senyawa utama minyak bawang putih dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kapang dan bakteri. Ini juga mempunyai aksi melawan Helicobacter pylori yang dapat merusak lambung, meskipun tidak seefisien allicin.","translated_text":"The release of organosulfur compounds during the destruction of Alliaceae plant cells is of great importance, due to the antimicrobial, insecticidal and larvasidal properties of the compound. Dialil disulfide, in particular, is a key compound in garlic oil in inhibiting the growth of mold and bacteria. It also has action against Helicobacter pylori which can damage the stomach, although not as efficiently as allicin.","citations":[{"content":"[Avato, P; Tursil, E; Vitali, C; Miccolis, V; Candido, V (2000). \"Allylsulfide constituents of garlic volatile oil as antimicrobial agents\". ''Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology'' '''7''' (3): 239–43. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80010-0|10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80010-0]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185736 11185736].]","char_index":406,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185736","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153223,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:27.513447-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8310546875},{"content":"[O'Gara, EA; Hill, DJ; Maslin, DJ (2000). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori]\". ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'''''66''' (5): 2269–73. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000|10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 101489].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788416 10788416].]","char_index":406,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:27.887792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[O'Gara, EA; Hill, DJ; Maslin, DJ (2000). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori]\". ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'''''66''' (5): 2269–73. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000|10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101489 101489].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788416 10788416].]","char_index":406,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788416","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":169291,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:28.039814-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90283203125}]},{"text":"Ini juga mempunyai aksi melawan Helicobacter pylori yang dapat merusak lambung, meskipun tidak seefisien allicin. Oleh karena efek antrimikrobanya, dialil sulfida, bersama-sama dengan tobramycin, dimasukkan ke dalam preparat yang digunakan untuk dekontaminasi selektif organ (misal, usus) sebelum pembedahan. Suatu studi klinis menunjukkan bahwa preparasi semacam ini mencegah endotoksemia pada operasi katup jantung.","translated_text":"It also has action against Helicobacter pylori which can damage the stomach, although not as efficiently as allicin. Due to its antimicrobial effects, dialyl sulfide, along with tobramycin, is included in preparations used for selective decontamination of organs (e.g., intestines) prior to surgery. One clinical study showed that this type of preparation prevents endotoxemia in heart valve surgery.","citations":[{"content":"[Yu, J; Xiao, YB; Wang, XY (2007). \"Effects of preoperatively selected gut decontamination on cardiopulmonary bypass-induced endotoxemia\". ''Chinese Journal of Traumatology'' '''10''' (3): 131–7. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535634 17535634].]","char_index":417,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535634","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":140868,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:28.433372-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.896484375}]},{"text":"Bawang putih dapat mencegah kanker usus besar, dan beberapa studi mengungkapkan bahwa dialil disulfida adalah komponen utama yang bertanggung jawab aksi ini.","translated_text":"Garlic can prevent colon cancer, and some studies reveal that dialil disulfide is a key component responsible for this action.","citations":[{"content":"[World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer. 2nd Edition, 2007 ([[Special:BookSources/0972252223|ISBN 0-9722522-2-3]]) S. [http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf pp.93–94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235446/http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }} (PDF, 12 MB)]","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":37022,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:28.778519-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09979248046875},{"content":"[World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer. 2nd Edition, 2007 ([[Special:BookSources/0972252223|ISBN 0-9722522-2-3]]) S. [http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf pp.93–94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235446/http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }} (PDF, 12 MB)]","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235446/http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/downloads/Second_Expert_Report.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.551107-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bawang putih dapat mencegah kanker usus besar, dan beberapa studi mengungkapkan bahwa dialil disulfida adalah komponen utama yang bertanggung jawab aksi ini. Efeknya bergantung pada dosis yang diberikan seperti terlihat pada percobaan mencit.","translated_text":"Garlic can prevent colon cancer, and some studies reveal that dialil disulfide is a key component responsible for this action. The effect depends on the dosage given as seen in the paint experiment.","citations":[{"content":"[Milner, JA (2006). \"Preclinical perspectives on garlic and cancer\". ''The Journal of Nutrition'' '''136''' (3 Suppl): 827S–831S. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484574 16484574].]","char_index":242,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484574","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.620988-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90234375},{"content":"[Yang, JS; Kok, LF; Lin, YH; Kuo, TC; Yang, JL; Lin, CC; Chen, GW; Huang, WW; et al. (2006). \"Diallyl disulfide inhibits WEHI-3 leukemia cells in vivo\". ''Anticancer research'' '''26'''(1A): 219–25. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16475702 16475702].]","char_index":242,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16475702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162706,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:29.957457-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8291015625}]},{"text":"Bawang putih dapat mencegah kanker usus besar, dan beberapa studi mengungkapkan bahwa dialil disulfida adalah komponen utama yang bertanggung jawab aksi ini. Efeknya bergantung pada dosis yang diberikan seperti terlihat pada percobaan mencit. Pengaruh dialil terhadap sel kanker jauh lebih kuat daripada sel normal.","translated_text":"Garlic can prevent colon cancer, and some studies reveal that dialil disulfide is a key component responsible for this action. The effect depends on the dosage given as seen in the paint experiment. The effect of dialysis on cancer cells is much stronger than normal cells.","citations":[{"content":"[Huang, Z; Lei, X; Zhong, M; Zhu, B; Tang, S; Liao, D (2007). \"Bcl-2 small interfering RNA sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cell to cisplatin and diallyl disulfide\". ''Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica'' '''39''' (11): 835–43.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00356.x|10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00356.x]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989874 17989874].]","char_index":315,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17989874","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":179516,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:30.348813-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8916015625}]},{"text":"Efeknya bergantung pada dosis yang diberikan seperti terlihat pada percobaan mencit. Pengaruh dialil terhadap sel kanker jauh lebih kuat daripada sel normal. Hal ini juga menghasilkan akumulasi kuat beberapa zat dan tergantung pada dosisnya, misalnya pada spesies oksigen reaktif, yang mengaktivasi enzim dan menyebabkan penghancuran sel kanker.","translated_text":"The effect depends on the dosage given as seen in the paint experiment. The effect of dialysis on cancer cells is much stronger than normal cells. This also results in a strong accumulation of some substances and depends on their dose, for example in reactive oxygen species, which activates enzymes and causes the destruction of cancer cells.","citations":[{"content":"[Jo, HJ; Song, JD; Kim, KM; Cho, YH; Kim, KH; Park, YC (2008). \"Diallyl disulfide induces reversible G2/M phase arrest on a p53-independent mechanism in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells\". ''Oncology Reports'' '''19''' (1): 275–80. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.3892/or.19.1.275|10.3892/or.19.1.275]].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18097607 18097607].]","char_index":345,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18097607","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":171855,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:30.848168-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.822265625}]},{"text":"Terdapat bukti bahwa bawang putih dapat mencegah perkembangan penyakit kardiovaskular. Alasan yang mungkin untuk beberapa penyakit ini antara lain, aterosklerosis atau penyakit arteri koroner adalah stres oksidatif. Penyakit arteri koroner diturunkan oleh dialil disulfida dengan membantu detoksifikasi sel, seperti mekanisme lainnya.","translated_text":"There is evidence that garlic can prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. A possible cause of some of these diseases, among others, atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease, is oxidative stress. Coronary artery disease is induced by dialysis disulfide by aiding cell detoxification, like other mechanisms.","citations":[{"content":"[Omar, SH (2007). \"[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 Historical, chemical and cardiovascular perspectives on garlic: A review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307003643/http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0 |date=2012-03-07 }}\". ''Pharmacognosy Reviews'' '''1''' (1): 80.]","char_index":334,"name":"omar","url":"http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2007;volume=1;issue=1;spage=80;epage=87;aulast=Omar;type=0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:27:55.713686-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alasan yang mungkin untuk beberapa penyakit ini antara lain, aterosklerosis atau penyakit arteri koroner adalah stres oksidatif. Penyakit arteri koroner diturunkan oleh dialil disulfida dengan membantu detoksifikasi sel, seperti mekanisme lainnya. Dengan mengaktivasi saluran ion TRPA1, dialil disulfida menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah sesaat.","translated_text":"A possible cause of some of these diseases, among others, atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease, is oxidative stress. Coronary artery disease is induced by dialysis disulfide by aiding cell detoxification, like other mechanisms. By activating the TRPA1 ion channel, dialilic disulfide causes an instantaneous drop in blood pressure.","citations":[{"content":"[Bautista, DM; Movahed, P; Hinman, A; Axelsson, HE; Sterner, O; Högestätt, ED; Julius, D; Jordt, SE; Zygmunt, PM (2005). \"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1]\". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''102'''(34): 12248–12252. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.0505356102|10.1073/pnas.0505356102]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336 1189336].[[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16103371 16103371].]","char_index":347,"name":"stink","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189336","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:20.592451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida dapat mengiritasi kulit dan merupakan alergen. Terutama menyebabkan alergi bawang putih (dermatitis kontak alergi terhadap bawang putih). Alergi biasanya dimulai dari ujung jari dan tidak dapat dicegah dengan penggunaan sarung tangan karena dialil disulfida dapat menembus hampir semua jenis sarung tangan komersial.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide can irritate the skin and is an allergen. Especially causing garlic allergy (allergic contact dermatitis to garlic). Allergies usually start at the fingertips and cannot be prevented by the use of gloves because dialil disulfide can penetrate almost all types of commercial gloves.","citations":[{"content":"[Block, E (2009). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&pg=PA288 Garlic and other alliums: the lore and the science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 228. ISBN 0-85404-190-7.]","char_index":333,"name":null,"url":"http://books.google.com/?id=6AB89RHV9ucC&pg=PA288","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41671,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.330673-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Horn, TD (2003). ''[http://books.google.com/?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305 Dermatology, Volume 2]''. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 305. ISBN 0-323-02578-1.]","char_index":333,"name":null,"url":"http://books.google.com/?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT305","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":32655,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:31.760556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.865234375},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |title=Garlic |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":333,"name":null,"url":"http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:32.101976-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |title=Garlic |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":333,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100615004222/http://allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=684","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.118769-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Moyle, M; Frowen, K; Nixon, R (2004). \"Use of gloves in protection from diallyl disulphide allergy\". ''The Australasian Journal of Dermatology'' '''45''' (4): 223–5.[[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00102.x|10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00102.x]]. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527433 15527433].]","char_index":333,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527433","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":161883,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.188556-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75927734375}]},{"text":"Median dosis letal (LD₅��) melalui mulut pada mencit adalah 260 mg per kg berat badan dan 3,6 g/kg melalui kulit. Jika sebanyak 5 g/kg (dosis tinggi) diletakkan pada kulit kucing menyebabkan kematian akibat anemia hemolitik.","translated_text":"The median oral lethal dose (LD50) in menopause is 260 mg per kg of body weight and 3.6 g/ kg through the skin. If as much as 5 g/ kg (high dose) is placed on the skin of the cat it causes death from haemolytic anemia.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html allyl disulfide]]","char_index":223,"name":"gsc","url":"http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002791.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":148121,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:09.509716-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.6806640625},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |title=EPA documents |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":223,"name":null,"url":"http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.544108-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |title=EPA documents |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":223,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235410/http://yosemite.epa.gov/oppts/epatscat8.nsf/ReportSearch?OpenAgent&CASNumber=2179-57-9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.676665-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dialil disulfida di udara atau darah dapat dideteksi dengan mudah dengan kromatografi gas.","translated_text":"Dialil disulfide in the air or blood can be easily detected by gas chromatography.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |title=documents of the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":426,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.745322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |title=documents of the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170801094852/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_231730.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.827005-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Sun, X; Guo, T; He, J; Zhao, M; Yan, M; Cui, F; Deng, Y (2006). \"Simultaneous determination of diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide in rat blood by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection\". ''Die Pharmazie'' '''61''' (12): 985–8. [[PubMed|PMID]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17283653 17283653].]","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17283653","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151652,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:34.898084-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9072265625}]}]}
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+{"title":"Wikipedia:Gambar pilihan/Usulan/2011/32 B","wikicode":"{{GPnew/Terpilih}}\n;Alasan pengusul :\nGambar mengenai kawah kuno di pulau Saaremaa, Estonia ini bagi saya menarik, dan menunjukan kesan misterius. [[Pengguna:Mimihitam|''' Mimihitam ''']] 11:34, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n* {{vote}} '''·· [[Pengguna:Kenrick95|Kℇℵ℟ℑℭ]][[Pengguna:Kenrick95/Pesan|K]]''' 12:01, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n* {{Vote}} [[Pengguna:Albertus Aditya|Albertus Aditya]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Albertus Aditya|bicara]]) 01:58, 25 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n* {{vote}} [[Pengguna:Thedonz|Thedonz]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Thedonz|bicara]]) 12:50, 26 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n* {{vote}} --[[Pengguna:Alagos|Asep Taufiq]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Alagos|bicara]]) 15:56, 26 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n* {{Vote}} --[[Pengguna:Erik Anggara|Erik Anggara]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Erik Anggara|bicara]]) 10:44, 6 November 2010 (UTC) Telah melewati batas waktu pemilihan.","hash":"c0e50fbd98153673c6bddcd52415c365a30006e2b9d8598b75c0d27184e1d8bb","last_revision":"2010-11-06T15:51:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T11:34:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.215855","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Alasan pengusul Gambar mengenai kawah kuno di pulau Saaremaa, Estonia ini bagi saya menarik, dan menunjukan kesan misterius. Mimihitam 11:34, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n·· Kℇℵ℟ℑℭK 12:01, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC) Albertus Aditya (bicara) 01:58, 25 Oktober 2010 (UTC) Thedonz (bicara) 12:50, 26 Oktober 2010 (UTC) --Asep Taufiq (bicara) 15:56, 26 Oktober 2010 (UTC) --Erik Anggara (bicara) 10:44, 6 November 2010 (UTC) Telah melewati batas waktu pemilihan.\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Alasan pengusul Gambar mengenai kawah kuno di pulau Saaremaa, Estonia ini bagi saya menarik, dan menunjukan kesan misterius.","translated_text":"The reason behind this image of an ancient crater on the island of Saaremaa, Estonia, is interesting to me, and it gives a mysterious impression.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mimihitam 11:34, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":"It's been a while since I've seen you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"·· Kℇℵ℟ℑℭK 12:01, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC) Albertus Aditya (bicara) 01:58, 25 Oktober 2010 (UTC) Thedonz (bicara) 12:50, 26 Oktober 2010 (UTC) --Asep Taufiq (bicara) 15:56, 26 Oktober 2010 (UTC) --Erik Anggara (bicara) 10:44, 6 November 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":"·· KƐא ⁇ ICK 12:01, 24 October 2010 (UTC) Albertus Aditya (talk) 01:58, 25 October 2010 (UTC) Thedonz (talk) 12:50, 26 October 2010 (UTC) --Asep Taufiq (talk) 15:56, 26 October 2010 (UTC) --Erik Anggara (talk) 10:44, 6 November 2010 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Telah melewati batas waktu pemilihan.","translated_text":"It's past the election deadline.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"STAT-3","wikicode":"'''STAT-3''' ({{lang-en|signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, acute-phase response factor, APRF, HIES, FLJ20882, MGC16063, STAT3}}) adalah [[faktor transkripsi]] dari keluarga [[protein STAT|STAT]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6774\n| title = STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-24\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\n[[Protein]] ini teraktivasi melalui proses [[fosforilasi]] setelah terstimulasi berbagai [[sitokina]] dan [[faktor pertumbuhan]] seperti [[interferon|IFN]], [[hormon EGF|EGF]], [[interleukin-5|IL-5]], [[interleukin-6|IL-6]], [[hormon HGF|HGF]], [[LIF]] dan [[BMP-2]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]","hash":"00a088cc4926ba5fae51c8ddb496b49dfe19832f0d21f1cd6ecb936914244863","last_revision":"2019-11-29T13:17:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T11:37:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.378955","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ستات3","arz":"ستات3","cy":"STAT3","en":"STAT3","es":"STAT3","fa":"STAT3","fr":"STAT3","ja":"シグナル伝達兼転写活性化因子3","ko":"STAT3","pt":"STAT3","ru":"STAT3","uk":"STAT3","zh":"STAT3"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"STAT-3 () adalah faktor transkripsi dari keluarga STAT.\n\nProtein ini teraktivasi melalui proses fosforilasi setelah terstimulasi berbagai sitokina dan faktor pertumbuhan seperti IFN, EGF, IL-5, IL-6, HGF, LIF dan BMP-2.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"STAT-3 () adalah faktor transkripsi dari keluarga STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-3 () is a transcription factor of the STAT family.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6774 | title = STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":55,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6774","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":442315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.482205-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.325927734375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein ini teraktivasi melalui proses fosforilasi setelah terstimulasi berbagai sitokina dan faktor pertumbuhan seperti IFN, EGF, IL-5, IL-6, HGF, LIF dan BMP-2.","translated_text":"This protein is activated through the phosphorylation process after stimulation of various cytokines and growth factors such as IFN, EGF, IL-5, IL-6, HGF, LIF and BMP-2.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"STAT-3 () adalah faktor transkripsi dari keluarga STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-3 () is a transcription factor of the STAT family.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6774 | title = STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":55,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6774","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":442315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:40.482205-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.325927734375}]}]}
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+{"title":"STAT-6","wikicode":"'''STAT-6''' ({{lang-en|STAT6 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, STAT6B; STAT6C; D12S1644; IL-4-STAT; STAT6}}) adalah salah satu [[faktor transkripsi]] dari keluarga [[protein STAT|STAT]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6778\n| title = STAT6 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced [ Homo sapiens ] \n| accessdate = 2010-10-24\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\n[[Protein]] ini berperan dalam [[diferensiasi]] [[sel T pembantu|sel TH2]], dan menginduksi ekspresi BCL2L1/BCL-X(L) yang berperan pada mekanisme anti-[[apoptosis]] [[interleukin-4|IL-4]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"4584a353eeb8c5091450804a477ea235a28183f9fa9c7766d0d7cb037360368b","last_revision":"2022-12-21T11:06:35Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T11:45:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.549311","cross_lingual_links":{"cs":"STAT6","en":"STAT6","fr":"STAT6","ru":"STAT6","tt":"STAT6","uk":"STAT6","zh":"STAT6"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"STAT-6 () adalah salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluarga STAT.\n\nProtein ini berperan dalam diferensiasi sel TH2, dan menginduksi ekspresi BCL2L1/BCL-X(L) yang berperan pada mekanisme anti-apoptosis IL-4.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"STAT-6 () adalah salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluarga STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-6 () is one of the transcription factors of the STAT family.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6778 | title = STAT6 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":66,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6778","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":299508,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:45.124267-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7802734375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein ini berperan dalam diferensiasi sel TH2, dan menginduksi ekspresi BCL2L1/BCL-X(L) yang berperan pada mekanisme anti-apoptosis IL-4.","translated_text":"This protein plays a role in the differentiation of TH2 cells, and induces the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L) which plays a role in the IL-4 anti-apoptosis mechanism.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"STAT-6 () adalah salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluarga STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-6 () is one of the transcription factors of the STAT family.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6778 | title = STAT6 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":66,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6778","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":299508,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:45.124267-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7802734375}]}]}
+{"title":"STAT-5","wikicode":"'''STAT-5''' ({{lang-en|signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B, STAT5; STAT5B}}) merupakan salah satu [[faktor transkripsi]] dari keluar [[protein STAT|STAT]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6777\n| title = T5B signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-24\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\n[[Protein]] ini berrfungsi sebagai mediasi [[transduksi sinyal seluler|transduksi sinyal]] yang dipicu berbagai [[ligan]] seluler seperti [[interleukin-2|IL-2]], [[interleukin-4|IL-4]], [[CSF-1]] dan berbagai [[hormon]] [[faktor pertumbuhan]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]","hash":"c33a8c99c27575c3043eedd14c93a18e334c3bcafa6cc6b49165ddb189936d0a","last_revision":"2019-12-19T01:15:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T11:54:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.601049","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"STAT5","es":"STAT5","fa":"STAT5","fr":"STAT5","ja":"シグナル伝達兼転写活性化因子5"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"STAT-5 () merupakan salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluar STAT.\n\nProtein ini berrfungsi sebagai mediasi transduksi sinyal yang dipicu berbagai ligan seluler seperti IL-2, IL-4, CSF-1 dan berbagai hormon faktor pertumbuhan.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"STAT-5 () merupakan salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluar STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-5 () is one of the transcription factors of STAT output.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6777 | title = T5B signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6777","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":307770,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:49.070711-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.31591796875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein ini berrfungsi sebagai mediasi transduksi sinyal yang dipicu berbagai ligan seluler seperti IL-2, IL-4, CSF-1 dan berbagai hormon faktor pertumbuhan.","translated_text":"The protein acts as a signal transduction mediator triggered by various cellular ligands such as IL-2, IL-4, CSF-1 and various growth factor hormones.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"STAT-5 () merupakan salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluar STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-5 () is one of the transcription factors of STAT output.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6777 | title = T5B signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6777","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":307770,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:49.070711-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.31591796875}]}]}
+{"title":"STAT-4","wikicode":"'''STAT-4''' ({{lang-en|signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, SLEB11, STAT4}}) adalah salah satu [[faktor transkripsi]] dari keluarga [[protein STAT]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6775\n| title = STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-24\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\n[[Protein]] ini sangat berperan sebagai mediasi respon [[interleukin-12|IL-12]] terhadap [[limfosit]], dan [[diferensiasi]] [[sel T pembantu|sel TH]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]","hash":"6620d6a3783bf2d0be2e3ac4e7473342b7dc4e374fed31f10e438e01885823fd","last_revision":"2019-11-29T13:17:57Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T11:59:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.665998","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"STAT4","fa":"STAT4","it":"STAT4","tt":"STAT4","uk":"STAT4","zh":"STAT4"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"STAT-4 () adalah salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluarga protein STAT.\n\nProtein ini sangat berperan sebagai mediasi respon IL-12 terhadap limfosit, dan diferensiasi sel TH.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"STAT-4 () adalah salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluarga protein STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-4 () is a transcription factor of the STAT protein family.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6775 | title = STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":74,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6775","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":268116,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:52.446845-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein ini sangat berperan sebagai mediasi respon IL-12 terhadap limfosit, dan diferensiasi sel TH.","translated_text":"This protein plays an important role in mediating the IL-12 response to lymphocytes, and differentiating TH cells.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"STAT-4 () adalah salah satu faktor transkripsi dari keluarga protein STAT.","translated_text":"STAT-4 () is a transcription factor of the STAT protein family.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6775 | title = STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-24 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":74,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6775","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":268116,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:52.446845-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875}]}]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Gambar pilihan/Usulan/2011/32 Intro","wikicode":"{{GPnew/Intro|2004 Indonesia Tsunami.gif|Kaali crater panorama.jpg|32|2011}}","hash":"c688a10647b8c262ba106cf37361571eaccd4f1565b1733070a88e95e2e7ec95","last_revision":"2010-10-24T12:00:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T12:00:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.729966","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Film kuntilanak","wikicode":"{{Sinema Indonesia}}\nDi bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang film yang meminjam mitos [[kuntilanak]].\n\n[[Kategori:Film horor|Kuntilanak]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]","hash":"5b9ed3320df38735281f847d0b21050bfebde7ed7a50a43ad35e3f4ce5fefdd2","last_revision":"2022-01-29T17:24:34Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T12:29:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.783481","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang film yang meminjam mitos kuntilanak.\n\nKuntilanak Kategori:Film Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang film yang meminjam mitos kuntilanak.","translated_text":"Below are articles about movies that borrow mythology.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kuntilanak Kategori:Film Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian films","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"MultiVision Plus","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Multivision Plus]]","hash":"803c3f8f1aeddae4859712d2761c06309faaf6d3fda672a247d248f9ca1201fb","last_revision":"2021-06-16T19:37:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T12:38:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.843009","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Multivision Plus\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Multivision Plus","translated_text":"What about Multivision Plus?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Spoiler","wikicode":"=== [[Templat:Spoiler]] ===\n:{{Status/Usul|done}}\nSaya usulkan supaya [[Templat:Spoiler]] dihapus karena sesuai dengan [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia bukanlah]] : '''''Wikipedia bukanlah penyensoran'''''. Walaupun tidak secara langsung menyensor, templat ini seperti templat pornografi yang memperingatkan pengguna untuk tidak membaca bagian-bagian tertentu. '''·· [[Pengguna:Kenrick95|Kℇℵ℟ℑℭ]][[Pengguna:Kenrick95/Pesan|K]]''' 12:45, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n== Setuju ==\n# {{vote|Y}}. Templat yang mubazir. Seharusnya tidak perlu diberi peringatan. Pembaca pasti sudah tahu bahwa ikhtisar alur cerita di wikipedia membeberkan cerita. -- '''[[Pembicaraan Pengguna:M. Adiputra|Adiputra]]''' '''[[Pembicaraan Pengguna:M. Adiputra|बिचर]]''' -- 13:03, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n# {{se7}} — [[User:Tjmoel|'''Tjmoel''']] [[Berkas:Icons-flag-id.png|link=:id:User talk:Tjmoel]] [[User talk:Tjmoel| bicara]] 13:04, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n== Tidak setuju ==\n# {{vote|N}} Templat itu hanya mengingatkan, bukan menyensor. Hal ini untuk mengantisipasi pengunjung yang sebenarnya ingin menonton tapi ingin melihat review filmnya terlebih dahulu. Agar tidak \"terlewat\" baca dan filmnya kemudian menjadi tidak menarik karena sudah tahu alur ceritanya. [[User talk:Marfiadi|''' Marfiadi '''''' Bicara ''']] 01:51, 12 Januari 2011 (UTC)","hash":"7ceca44d9c2d3a397be503e03a225fed36be3ef52125c6b62a9570811df9ffb0","last_revision":"2017-02-10T04:34:44Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T12:45:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.903066","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Saya usulkan supaya Templat:Spoiler dihapus karena sesuai dengan Wikipedia:Wikipedia bukanlah : Wikipedia bukanlah penyensoran. Walaupun tidak secara langsung menyensor, templat ini seperti templat pornografi yang memperingatkan pengguna untuk tidak membaca bagian-bagian tertentu. ·· Kℇℵ℟ℑℭK 12:45, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n. Templat yang mubazir. Seharusnya tidak perlu diberi peringatan. Pembaca pasti sudah tahu bahwa ikhtisar alur cerita di wikipedia membeberkan cerita. -- Adiputra बिचर -- 13:03, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC) — Tjmoel bicara 13:04, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\nTemplat itu hanya mengingatkan, bukan menyensor. Hal ini untuk mengantisipasi pengunjung yang sebenarnya ingin menonton tapi ingin melihat review filmnya terlebih dahulu. Agar tidak \"terlewat\" baca dan filmnya kemudian menjadi tidak menarik karena sudah tahu alur ceritanya. Marfiadi Bicara 01:51, 12 Januari 2011 (UTC)\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Templat:Spoiler","translated_text":"Template:Spoiler","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Saya usulkan supaya Templat:Spoiler dihapus karena sesuai dengan Wikipedia:Wikipedia bukanlah : Wikipedia bukanlah penyensoran.","translated_text":"I suggest that Template:Spoiler be deleted because according to Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not: Wikipedia is not censorship.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun tidak secara langsung menyensor, templat ini seperti templat pornografi yang memperingatkan pengguna untuk tidak membaca bagian-bagian tertentu.","translated_text":"Although it does not directly censor, it is like a pornographic template that warns users not to read certain sections.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"·· Kℇℵ℟ℑℭK 12:45, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":"·· KƐא ⁇ ICK 12:45, 24 October 2010 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Setuju","translated_text":"I agree.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":".","translated_text":"It's all right.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Templat yang mubazir.","translated_text":"A wasteful template.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seharusnya tidak perlu diberi peringatan.","translated_text":"There should be no need to be warned.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pembaca pasti sudah tahu bahwa ikhtisar alur cerita di wikipedia membeberkan cerita.","translated_text":"Readers must already know that Wikipedia's storyline summary tells the story.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-- Adiputra बिचर -- 13:03, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC) — Tjmoel bicara 13:04, 24 Oktober 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":"This is the first time I've ever heard of this, and it's the last time I've heard it.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tidak setuju","translated_text":"I disagree.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Templat itu hanya mengingatkan, bukan menyensor.","translated_text":"The template is just a reminder, not a censor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini untuk mengantisipasi pengunjung yang sebenarnya ingin menonton tapi ingin melihat review filmnya terlebih dahulu.","translated_text":"It's to anticipate visitors who actually want to watch but want to see the movie review first.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Agar tidak \"terlewat\" baca dan filmnya kemudian menjadi tidak menarik karena sudah tahu alur ceritanya.","translated_text":"In order not to \"late\" reading and the film then becomes uninteresting because you already know the plot.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Marfiadi Bicara 01:51, 12 Januari 2011 (UTC)","translated_text":"Marfiadi speaking at 01:51, 12 January 2011 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Film pocong","wikicode":"{{Sinema Indonesia}}\nDi bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang film yang meminjam mitos hantu [[Pocong (hantu)|Pocong]].\n\n[[Kategori:Film horor|Pocong]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film menurut jenis]]","hash":"b3d077b71aebceaa36cd70e412a34557ab4fda7504df31af79273b9eca6b1ebc","last_revision":"2022-02-04T14:37:06Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T12:54:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:02.961026","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang film yang meminjam mitos hantu Pocong.\n\nPocong Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film menurut jenis\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang film yang meminjam mitos hantu Pocong.","translated_text":"Below are articles about films that borrowed Pocong's ghost myth.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pocong Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film menurut jenis","translated_text":"Pocong Category:Indonesian films Category:Films by genre","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Mitra Pictures","wikicode":"{{Sinema Indonesia}}\n{{utama|Mitra Pictures}}\nDi bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan produksi film Indonesia [[Mitra Films]].\n\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia]]","hash":"f907ed423fec550e8c49abbd47c6eea31053c3ce07c85edb0f6e24f84e301020","last_revision":"2010-10-25T14:37:19Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T13:05:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.015830","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan produksi film Indonesia Mitra Films.\n\nKategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan produksi film Indonesia Mitra Films.","translated_text":"The following are articles related to Indonesian film production company Mitra Films.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia","translated_text":"Indonesian film production company","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Maxima Pictures","wikicode":"{{Sinema Indonesia}}\n{{Utama|Maxima Pictures}}\nDi bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan produksi film Indonesia [[Maxima Pictures]].\n\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia]]","hash":"daf290c6324c8eaf593b004682046bc6162400be68ecd671915d0102dad4b5c5","last_revision":"2010-10-25T14:36:50Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T13:14:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.083841","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan produksi film Indonesia Maxima Pictures.\n\nKategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan produksi film Indonesia Maxima Pictures.","translated_text":"The following are articles related to Indonesian film production company Maxima Pictures.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia","translated_text":"Indonesian film production company","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kamis Hitam","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Keruntuhan Wall Street 1929]]","hash":"6e7d28b0fdbf6b610884f69753aca1954f9b69bbfbe6b6e4b38e7485058fd58e","last_revision":"2017-12-19T10:19:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T13:34:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.136866","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Keruntuhan Wall Street 1929\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Keruntuhan Wall Street 1929","translated_text":"WHEN Wall Street collapsed in 1929","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Artikel pilihan/Usulan/Preload","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Usulan/Preload]]","hash":"aebdaa464292280a12c4dd03affa41be19203409fb7f99db59be2f5a93e81462","last_revision":"2011-10-06T13:11:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T13:34:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.194977","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Usulan/Preload\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Usulan/Preload","translated_text":"Template:Pre-loaded","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Polimorfisme Panjang Berkas Teramplifikasi","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Polimorfisme panjang fragmen teramplifikasi]]","hash":"76049b76c80c1eba4fbf1087b27fc3946ec2b6a0211d93dc88dcbd267493d018","last_revision":"2010-10-24T20:18:54Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T13:59:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.250376","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Polimorfisme panjang fragmen teramplifikasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Polimorfisme panjang fragmen teramplifikasi","translated_text":"Where is the amplified long fragmentary polymorphism","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Polimorfisme Panjang Fragmen Teramplifikasi","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Polimorfisme panjang fragmen teramplifikasi]]","hash":"76049b76c80c1eba4fbf1087b27fc3946ec2b6a0211d93dc88dcbd267493d018","last_revision":"2010-10-24T14:20:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T14:20:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.305237","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Polimorfisme panjang fragmen teramplifikasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Polimorfisme panjang fragmen teramplifikasi","translated_text":"Where is the amplified long fragmentary polymorphism","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:PD-textlogo","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:PD-logo]]","hash":"15042385723b5243f6ae477a8d6899dc0c1b64cd240e1f8b9cf1ae0949805987","last_revision":"2020-05-16T08:47:08Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T14:38:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.360108","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:PD-logo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:PD-logo","translated_text":"What's your name?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:PD-logo","wikicode":"{{Imbox\n| type = license\n| image = [[Berkas:PD-icon.svg|52px|Domain publik|link=]]\n| imageright = [[Berkas:Heptagon.svg|64px|Geometri sederhana|link=]]\n| text = Gambar atau logo ini hanya terdiri dari tipografi, kata-kata individual, slogan, atau bentuk geometris sederhana. Gambar atau logo ini tidak memenuhi syarat [[hak cipta]] karena logo ini '''[[ambang orisinalitas|tidak cukup orisinal]]''', dan dengan demikian gambar atau logo ini dianggap berada di dalam '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Domain publik|domain publik]]'''. Lihat {{section link|:en:Wikipedia:Domain publik|Font}} atau [[Wikipedia:Materi terbatas]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
Harap dicatat: Status domain publik dari gambar atau logo ini hanya terkait dengan status hak ciptanya. Mungkin ada batasan [[kekayaan intelektual]] lainnya yang melindungi gambar ini, seperti [[merek dagang]] atau [[paten desain]] jika jenisnya adalah logo.\nPD\nDomain publik\nfalse\nfalse\n
\n}}{{image other\n| [[Kategori:Berkas domain publik yang tidak memenuhi syarat hak cipta (logo)]]\n}}{{free media}}\n{{documentation|template:PD-ineligible/doc}}\n","hash":"a85507352ee384072e652b66367e6a3071da8323eabca7ddc387dcdf9a2f75a3","last_revision":"2020-05-16T09:13:08Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T14:39:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.427137","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:ملكية عامة - شعار نصي","as":"সাঁচ:PD-textlogo","az":"Şablon:PD-Mətn loqo","be":"Шаблон:PD-textlogo","bh":"टेम्पलेट:PD-logo","bn":"টেমপ্লেট:PD-textlogo","bs":"Šablon:JV-tekstualni logo","ckb":"داڕێژە:PD-textlogo","cy":"Nodyn:PD-textlogo","de":"Vorlage:PD-textlogo","en":"Template:PD-textlogo","fa":"الگو:PD-textlogo","fi":"Malline:PD/Tekstilogo","fr":"Modèle:PD-textlogo","gom":"सांचो:PD-logo","hi":"साँचा:साक्षे-शब्दलोगो","hif":"Template:PD-logo","hr":"Predložak:JD-oblici","it":"Template:PD-Logo testuale","ko":"틀:PD-textlogo","ku":"Şablon:PD-textlogo","ml":"ഫലകം:Pd-textlogo","mzn":"شابلون:PD-textlogo","pa":"ਫਰਮਾ:PD-textlogo","ro":"Format:PD-textlogo","ru":"Шаблон:PD-textlogo","sco":"Template:PD-textlogo","sd":"سانچو:PD-logo","sh":"Šablon:JD-logo","shn":"ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:PD-textlogo","si":"සැකිල්ල:පොදුවසම-පෙළලාංඡනය","sl":"Predloga:JD-logo","sr":"Шаблон:ЈВ-текстуални логотип","ta":"வார்ப்புரு:PD-logo","te":"మూస:PD-textlogo","th":"แม่แบบ:PD-textlogo","tr":"Şablon:KM-metin logo","tum":"Template:PD-textlogo","uk":"Шаблон:PD-textlogo","vi":"Bản mẫu:PVCC-biểu trưng chữ","zh":"Template:PD-textlogo","zh-yue":"Template:PD-logo"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kontraksi","wikicode":"{{Underlinked|date=Januari 2023}}\n\n'''Kontraksi''' (dalam [[linguistik]]) adalah pemendekan suatu kata, suku kata, atau gabungan kata dengan cara penghilangan huruf yang melambangkan fon di dalam kata tersebut. Dalam tata bahasa tradisional, kontraksi dapat mengakibatkan pembentukan kata baru dari kata yang disingkat tersebut. Hal ini umum terjadi terutama untuk tujuan memudahkan dan mempercepat pengucapan suatu kata dalam percakapan sehingga terdengar lancar dan luwes. Meskipun sama-sama berbentuk penyingkatan dan dapat menghasilkan bentuk baru, kontraksi tidak boleh dikacaukan pengertiannya dengan akronim karena memiliki hasil bentukan yang berbeda.\n\n==Contoh Kontraksi==\nContoh kontraksi dalam bahasa Inggris ada pada penyingkatan ''to be'' yang berpasangan dengan subjek dalam kalimat.\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Subjek !! to be !! Hasil Kontraksi\n|-\n| I || am || I'm\n|-\n| You || are || you're\n|-\n| We || are || we're\n|-\n| They || are || they're\n|-\n| She || is || she's\n|-\n| He || is || he's\n|-\n| It || is || It's\n|}\nSelain pada pertemuan subjek dengan to be tersebut, pertemuan subjek dengan ''to have'' juga sering mengalami kontraksi. Hal yang sama ditemukan pada pertemuan ''modals'' seperti ''will'', ''should'', atau ''shall'' dengan ''not'' (dalam negativasi).\n\n==Contoh dalam bahasa Indonesia==\nDalam bahasa Indonesia, kontraksi banyak terjadi pada ragam bahasa nonformal. Hal ini disebabkan dalam nonformal atau tuturan sehari-hari, para penutur ingin berbicara secepat dan sehemat tenaga mungkin. Penyingkatan-penyingkatan tersebut muncul misalnya pada kata-kata berikut ini:\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Bentuk Asli !! Penghilangan yang Terjadi !! Bentuk Hasil Kontraks !! Contoh Kalimat\n|-\n| kenapa || hilang suku kata [ke] || napa || ''beliin sekalian napa?''\n|-\n| nggak || hilang fon [ng] || gak || ''udah gak jadi kok''\n|-\n| sebentar || hilang suku kata [se], [ben] || tar || ''tar lagi juga beres''\n|}\n\n[[Kategori:Linguistik]]","hash":"2fd5a84a5f9c0469abe3205baa9b922d43b1fde1aed662c70e464781afb46623","last_revision":"2024-03-12T02:33:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T14:48:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.484372","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تقليص (لغة)","br":"Strizhadur (yezhoniezh)","ca":"Contracció (gramàtica)","de":"Verschmelzung (Grammatik)","en":"Contraction (grammar)","eo":"Lingva kuntiriĝo","es":"Contracción (gramática)","fa":"ادغام (زبانشناسی)","fr":"Contraction (linguistique)","ja":"前置詞と冠詞の縮約","la":"Contractio","nl":"Samentrekking (grammatica)","nqo":"ߞߊ߲ߟߐ߲ߘߐߦߊ ߛߌ߬ߣߍ߬ߡߊ","pl":"Kontrakcja (skrót)","pt":"Contração (gramática)","ro":"Contragere","ru":"Стяжение","simple":"Contraction","tr":"Kaynaşma","uk":"Стягнення (мовознавство)","vi":"Nói ríu","zh":"簡稱","zh-min-nan":"Kán-chheng","zh-yue":"合音"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kontraksi (dalam linguistik) adalah pemendekan suatu kata, suku kata, atau gabungan kata dengan cara penghilangan huruf yang melambangkan fon di dalam kata tersebut. Dalam tata bahasa tradisional, kontraksi dapat mengakibatkan pembentukan kata baru dari kata yang disingkat tersebut. Hal ini umum terjadi terutama untuk tujuan memudahkan dan mempercepat pengucapan suatu kata dalam percakapan sehingga terdengar lancar dan luwes. Meskipun sama-sama berbentuk penyingkatan dan dapat menghasilkan bentuk baru, kontraksi tidak boleh dikacaukan pengertiannya dengan akronim karena memiliki hasil bentukan yang berbeda.\n\nContoh kontraksi dalam bahasa Inggris ada pada penyingkatan to be yang berpasangan dengan subjek dalam kalimat.\n\nSelain pada pertemuan subjek dengan to be tersebut, pertemuan subjek dengan to have juga sering mengalami kontraksi. Hal yang sama ditemukan pada pertemuan modals seperti will, should, atau shall dengan not (dalam negativasi).\n\nDalam bahasa Indonesia, kontraksi banyak terjadi pada ragam bahasa nonformal. Hal ini disebabkan dalam nonformal atau tuturan sehari-hari, para penutur ingin berbicara secepat dan sehemat tenaga mungkin. Penyingkatan-penyingkatan tersebut muncul misalnya pada kata-kata berikut ini:\n\nKategori:Linguistik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kontraksi (dalam linguistik) adalah pemendekan suatu kata, suku kata, atau gabungan kata dengan cara penghilangan huruf yang melambangkan fon di dalam kata tersebut.","translated_text":"A contraction (in linguistics) is the abbreviation of a word, syllable, or word combination by removing the letters that symbolize the phonemes within the word.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam tata bahasa tradisional, kontraksi dapat mengakibatkan pembentukan kata baru dari kata yang disingkat tersebut.","translated_text":"In traditional grammar, contraction can result in the formation of a new word from the abbreviated word.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini umum terjadi terutama untuk tujuan memudahkan dan mempercepat pengucapan suatu kata dalam percakapan sehingga terdengar lancar dan luwes.","translated_text":"This is especially common for the purpose of facilitating and speeding up the pronunciation of a word in conversation so that it sounds smooth and fluid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun sama-sama berbentuk penyingkatan dan dapat menghasilkan bentuk baru, kontraksi tidak boleh dikacaukan pengertiannya dengan akronim karena memiliki hasil bentukan yang berbeda.","translated_text":"Although both are extraction shapes and can produce new shapes, contractions should not be confused with acronyms because they have different shaping results.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Contoh Kontraksi","translated_text":"Example of Contraction","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Contoh kontraksi dalam bahasa Inggris ada pada penyingkatan to be yang berpasangan dengan subjek dalam kalimat.","translated_text":"An example of contraction in English is the to be subtraction that pairs with the subject in a sentence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Subjek !! to be !! Hasil Kontraksi\n|-\n| I || am || I'm\n|-\n| You || are || you're\n|-\n| We || are || we're\n|-\n| They || are || they're\n|-\n| She || is || she's\n|-\n| He || is || he's\n|-\n| It || is || It's\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain pada pertemuan subjek dengan to be tersebut, pertemuan subjek dengan to have juga sering mengalami kontraksi.","translated_text":"In addition to the subject's encounter with the to be, the subject's encounter with the to have also often contracted.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal yang sama ditemukan pada pertemuan modals seperti will, should, atau shall dengan not (dalam negativasi).","translated_text":"The same is found in the meeting of modals such as will, should, or shall with not (in negativation).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Contoh dalam bahasa Indonesia","translated_text":"Example in Indonesian","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kontraksi banyak terjadi pada ragam bahasa nonformal.","translated_text":"In Indonesian, contractions occur widely in a variety of informal languages.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini disebabkan dalam nonformal atau tuturan sehari-hari, para penutur ingin berbicara secepat dan sehemat tenaga mungkin.","translated_text":"This is because in informal or everyday speaking, the speakers want to speak as quickly and effortlessly as possible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyingkatan","translated_text":"Displacement","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-penyingkatan tersebut muncul misalnya pada kata-kata berikut ini:","translated_text":"- such removal appears, for example, in the following words:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Bentuk Asli !! Penghilangan yang Terjadi !! Bentuk Hasil Kontraks !! Contoh Kalimat\n|-\n| kenapa || hilang suku kata [ke] || napa || ''beliin sekalian napa?''\n|-\n| nggak || hilang fon [ng] || gak || ''udah gak jadi kok''\n|-\n| sebentar || hilang suku kata [se], [ben] || tar || ''tar lagi juga beres''\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Linguistik","translated_text":"Category:Linguistics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Penduduk asli India","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Penduduk asli Asia Selatan|India]]\n[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di India| {{PAGENAME}}]]","hash":"05cfd8609c5916c90b51ce0fcd709d785d48d71d302cb5fa99fa6dd5253ca571","last_revision":"2013-04-02T08:49:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:13:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.552839","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Kategorie:Inheemse volke van Indië","ar":"تصنيف:آديفاسي","bh":"श्रेणी:आदिवासी","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:উপমহাদেশীয় আদিবাসী","ca":"Categoria:Grups humans de l'Índia","en":"Category:Adivasi","fa":"رده:بومیان هند","hi":"श्रेणी:भारतीय (आदिवासी)","ko":"분류:아디바시","sd":"زمرو:آدي واسي","th":"หมวดหมู่:อาทิวาสี","ur":"زمرہ:آدی واسی"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"India {{PAGENAME}}\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"India {{PAGENAME}}","translated_text":"What is it?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Penduduk asli Asia Selatan","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Penduduk asli Asia| Selatan]]","hash":"b05d51a434132024819a006d8ec9683f990a25ae5fbdf81d1bf38679cdceaf9b","last_revision":"2019-07-08T19:38:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:17:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.610054","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:شعوب أصلية في جنوب آسيا","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার আদিবাসী জনগোষ্ঠী","ckb":"پۆل:دانیشتووە ڕەسەنەکانی باشووری ئاسیا","en":"Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia","eu":"Kategoria:Hego Asiako jatorrizko herriak","fa":"رده:بومیان جنوب آسیا","fi":"Luokka:Etelä-Aasian alkuperäiskansat","ilo":"Kategoria:Tattao nga indihenio ti Abagatan nga Asia","ko":"분류:남아시아의 원주민","mr":"वर्ग:दक्षिण आशियातील स्थानिक लोक","th":"หมวดหมู่:ชนพื้นเมืองของเอเชียใต้","vi":"Thể loại:Người bản địa Nam Á","zh":"Category:南亞原住民"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Selatan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selatan","translated_text":"South","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Penduduk asli Asia","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Asia]]\n[[Kategori:Penduduk asli berdasarkan kawasan|Asia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Asia| ]]","hash":"e76dc3410a14e62bf3bb4e6911a832492d5c6abaea6271829cd30f4f02f0178d","last_revision":"2023-02-22T03:57:22Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:21:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.679024","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:شعوب أصلية في آسيا","az":"Kateqoriya:Asiyadakı yerli xalqlar","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Карэнныя народы Азіі","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:এশিয়ার আদিবাসী জনগোষ্ঠী","cy":"Categori:Pobloedd brodorol Asia","de":"Kategorie:Indigenes Volk in Asien","el":"Κατηγορία:Ιθαγενείς λαοί της Ασίας","en":"Category:Indigenous peoples of Asia","eo":"Kategorio:Indiĝenaj popoloj de Azio","es":"Categoría:Pueblos indígenas de Asia","eu":"Kategoria:Asiako jatorrizko herriak","fa":"رده:بومیان آسیا","gl":"Categoría:Pobos indíxenas de Asia","hi":"श्रेणी:एशिया के मूल निवासी","ilo":"Kategoria:Tattao nga indihenio ti Asia","ja":"Category:アジアの先住民族","ka":"კატეგორია:აზიის აბორიგენი ხალხები","ko":"분류:아시아의 원주민","mn":"Ангилал:Азийн уугуул ард түмэн","ms":"Kategori:Orang asli di Asia","nn":"Kategori:Urfolk i Asia","nb":"Kategori:Urfolk i Asia","pt":"Categoria:Povos indígenas da Ásia","si":"ප්රවර්ගය:Indigenous peoples of Asia","sv":"Kategori:Ursprungsfolk i Asien","th":"หมวดหมู่:ชนพื้นเมืองของทวีปเอเชีย","tr":"Kategori:Asya'daki yerli halklar","vi":"Thể loại:Người bản địa Châu Á","zh":"Category:亞洲原住民"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Asia Asia Kategori:Tokoh Asia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Asia Asia Kategori:Tokoh Asia","translated_text":"Categories:Nations in Asia and Asia Categories: Asian people","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial di Assam","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Kelompok sosial di India|Assam]]\n[[Kategori:Assam]]","hash":"5a63cf4ca040006cc50924ed2838d1fd4a4d4ac7826674cbd83acea1d8e12c24","last_revision":"2013-03-31T18:25:28Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:26:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.735803","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:مجموعات اجتماعية في أسام","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:আসামের সামাজিক গোষ্ঠী","en":"Category:Social groups of Assam","fa":"رده:گروههای اجتماعی آسام","hi":"श्रेणी:असम के सामाजिक समुदाय","it":"Categoria:Gruppi sociali in Assam","ko":"분류:아삼주의 사회 집단","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ആസാമിലെ ജനവിഭാഗങ്ങൾ","mr":"वर्ग:आसामचे सामाजिक गट","ur":"زمرہ:آسام کے سماجی گروہ"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Assam Kategori:Assam\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Assam Kategori:Assam","translated_text":"Assam Category:Assam","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial di India","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Social groups of India}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kelompok sosial menurut negara|India]]\n[[Kategori:Masyarakat India]]\n[[Kategori:Demografi India]]","hash":"9c3e0d60f817548005c9b97b9aafea8f81c173f2dc9ba1e8e002d7481372991e","last_revision":"2013-03-31T18:26:03Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:27:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.789144","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:مجموعات اجتماعية في الهند","as":"শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ সামাজিক সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ","bh":"श्रेणी:भारत के सामाजिक समूह","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:ভারতের সামাজিক গোষ্ঠী","el":"Κατηγορία:Κοινωνικές ομάδες της Ινδίας","en":"Category:Social groups of India","es":"Categoría:Grupos sociales de India","fa":"رده:گروههای اجتماعی هند","hi":"श्रेणी:भारत के सामाजिक समुदाय","it":"Categoria:Gruppi sociali in India","ko":"분류:인도의 사회 집단","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ജനവിഭാഗങ്ങൾ","ms":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial di India","nn":"Kategori:Samfunnsgrupper i India","pa":"ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸਮੂਹ","ru":"Категория:Социальные группы Индии","simple":"Category:Social groups of India","th":"หมวดหมู่:กลุ่มทางสังคมในประเทศอินเดีย","ur":"زمرہ:بھارت کے معاشرتی گروہ","zh":"Category:印度社会团体"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"India Kategori:Masyarakat India Kategori:Demografi India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"India Kategori:Masyarakat India Kategori:Demografi India","translated_text":"India Category:People of India Category:Demographics of India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial menurut negara","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Kelompok sosial| {{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Demografi menurut negara| ]]","hash":"18f06c51c4929106bc64dd0aecded7449091b2774dc46d30f4086d713d9c0276","last_revision":"2019-06-21T18:47:20Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:32:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.859250","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:مجموعات اجتماعية حسب البلد","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:দেশ অনুযায়ী সামাজিক দল","el":"Κατηγορία:Κοινωνικές ομάδες ανά χώρα","en":"Category:Social groups by country","es":"Categoría:Grupos sociales por país","fa":"رده:گروههای اجتماعی بر پایه کشور","hi":"श्रेणी:देशानुसार सामाजिक समुदाय","ko":"분류:나라별 사회 집단","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ജനവിഭാഗങ്ങൾ വൻകര തിരിച്ച്","ms":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial mengikut negara","nn":"Kategori:Samfunnsgrupper etter land","ru":"Категория:Социальные группы по странам","sd":"زمرو:ملڪ کان سماجي گروهه","tr":"Kategori:Ülkelerine göre toplumsal gruplar","ur":"زمرہ:معاشرتی گروہ بلحاظ ملک","vi":"Thể loại:Nhóm xã hội theo quốc gia","zh":"Category:各国社会团体"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"{{PAGENAME}} Kategori:Demografi menurut negara\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{PAGENAME}} Kategori:Demografi menurut negara","translated_text":"Category:Demographics by country","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Assam","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Assam}}\n\n[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India|Assam]]\n[[Kategori:India Timur Laut]]","hash":"74fcb9670da6673e7f16bd0b7f6e8a5ebd205569b255761b40da0f031f9f50ce","last_revision":"2013-04-06T10:05:13Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:32:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.921291","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Kategorie:Assam","ar":"تصنيف:آسام","as":"শ্ৰেণী:অসম","az":"Kateqoriya:Assam","be":"Катэгорыя:Асам","bh":"श्रेणी:आसाम","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:আসাম","bpy":"থাক:অসম","ca":"Categoria:Assam","ckb":"پۆل:ئاسام","cs":"Kategorie:Ásám","cy":"Categori:Assam","da":"Kategori:Assam","de":"Kategorie:Assam","el":"Κατηγορία:Άσαμ","en":"Category:Assam","eo":"Kategorio:Asamo","es":"Categoría:Assam","et":"Kategooria:Assam","eu":"Kategoria:Assam","fa":"رده:آسام","fi":"Luokka:Assam","fr":"Catégorie:Assam","frr":"Kategorie:Assam","gu":"શ્રેણી:આસામ","he":"קטגוריה:אסאם","hi":"श्रेणी:असम","hif":"vibhag:Assam","it":"Categoria:Assam","ja":"Category:アッサム","kn":"ವರ್ಗ:ಅಸ್ಸಾಂ","ko":"분류:아삼주","la":"Categoria:Asama","lld":"Categoria:Assam","lt":"Kategorija:Asamas","mk":"Категорија:Асам","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ആസാം","mn":"Ангилал:Ассам","mr":"वर्ग:आसाम","ne":"श्रेणी:असम","nl":"Categorie:Assam","nn":"Kategori:Assam","nb":"Kategori:Assam","oc":"Categoria:Assam","or":"ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ଆସାମ","os":"Категори:Ассам","pa":"ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਅਸਾਮ","pl":"Kategoria:Asam","ps":"وېشنيزه:آسام","pt":"Categoria:Assão","ru":"Категория:Ассам","sa":"वर्गः:असमराज्यम्","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱥᱟᱢ","sco":"Category:Assam","simple":"Category:Assam","sk":"Kategória:Ásam","sv":"Kategori:Assam","sw":"Jamii:Assam","szl":"Kategoryjo:Assam","ta":"பகுப்பு:அசாம்","te":"వర్గం:అసోం","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Иёлоти Ассом","th":"หมวดหมู่:รัฐอัสสัม","tl":"Kategorya:Assam","tr":"Kategori:Assam","uk":"Категорія:Ассам","ur":"زمرہ:آسام","vi":"Thể loại:Assam","war":"Kaarangay:Assam","zh":"Category:阿萨姆邦","zh-yue":"Category:阿薩姆邦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Assam Kategori:India Timur Laut\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Assam Kategori:India Timur Laut","translated_text":"Assam Category:Northeastern India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:India Timur Laut","wikicode":"{{artikelutama}}\n{{Commonscat|North East India}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kawasan di India]]","hash":"a48603ae0da382800290c929144e86834fe7dcd57767d7ba4e850c40db3322f5","last_revision":"2013-04-02T12:37:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:34:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:03.978798","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:شمال شرق الهند","as":"শ্ৰেণী:উত্তৰ পূব ভাৰত","bh":"श्रेणी:पूर्बोत्तर भारत","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:উত্তর-পূর্ব ভারত","ckb":"پۆل:ھیندی باکوور","cs":"Kategorie:Severovýchodní Indie","en":"Category:Northeast India","fa":"رده:شمال شرق ه��د","hi":"श्रेणी:पूर्वोत्तर भारत","ja":"Category:北東インド","ko":"분류:북동인도","lo":"ໝວດ:ຕາເວັນອອກສຽງເໜືອຂອງອິນເດຍ","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:വടക്ക് കിഴക്കൻ ഇന്ത്യ","mr":"वर्ग:ईशान्य भारत","my":"ကဏ္ဍ:အရှေ့မြောက်ပိုင်း အိန္ဒိယ","ne":"श्रेणी:उत्तरपूर्वी भारत","pa":"ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੂਰਬੀ ਭਾਰਤ","pt":"Categoria:Nordeste da Índia","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ","sco":"Category:Northeast Indie","simple":"Category:Northeast India","ta":"பகுப்பு:வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா","uk":"Категорія:Північно-Східна Індія","ur":"زمرہ:شمال مشرقی بھارت","vi":"Thể loại:Đông Bắc Ấn Độ","zh":"Category:印度东北部"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Kawasan di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kawasan di India","translated_text":"Category:Power in India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial di Benggala Barat","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Kelompok sosial di India|Benggala Barat]]\n[[Kategori:Benggala Barat]]","hash":"6482b37dcaedcb7362aa60aa76de1904277bd6838887b9ee3673808b8f44b059","last_revision":"2013-03-31T18:27:37Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:36:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.036939","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:مجموعات اجتماعية في بنغال الغربية","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:পশ্চিমবঙ্গের সামাজিক গোষ্ঠী","en":"Category:Social groups of West Bengal","hi":"श्रेणी:पश्चिम बंगाल के सामाजिक समूह","it":"Categoria:Gruppi sociali nel Bengala Occidentale","ur":"زمرہ:مغربی بنگال کے معاشرتی گروہ","zh":"Category:西孟加拉邦社会团体"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Benggala Barat Kategori:Benggala Barat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Benggala Barat Kategori:Benggala Barat","translated_text":"West Bengal Category:Western Bengal","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Benggala Barat","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|West Bengal}}\n\n[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]\n[[Kategori:Benggala|Barat]]","hash":"7cdacc2c6f04e7178b5d69578245b86e7f427be70506009977aaf2a85d975b2a","last_revision":"2013-04-06T10:54:54Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:41:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.094825","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Kategorie:Wes-Bengale","ar":"تصنيف:بنغال الغربية","as":"শ্ৰেণী:পশ্চিমবংগ","az":"Kateqoriya:Qərbi Benqaliya","azb":"بؤلمه:باتی بنقال","ba":"Категория:Көнбайыш Бенгал","be":"Катэгорыя:Заходняя Бенгалія","bh":"श्रेणी:पच्छिम बंगाल","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:পশ্চিমবঙ্গ","bpy":"থাক:পশ্চিমবঙ্গ","br":"Rummad:Kornôg Bengal","ca":"Categoria:Bengala Occidental","cs":"Kategorie:Západní Bengálsko","cy":"Categori:Gorllewin Bengal","da":"Kategori:Vestbengalen","de":"Kategorie:Westbengalen","el":"Κατηγορία:Δυτική Βεγγάλη","en":"Category:West Bengal","eo":"Kategorio:Okcidenta Bengalio","es":"Categoría:Bengala Occidental","et":"Kategooria:Lääne-Bengal","eu":"Kategoria:Mendebaldeko Bengala","fa":"رده:بنگال غربی","fi":"Luokka:Länsi-Bengali","fr":"Catégorie:Bengale-Occidental","gu":"શ્રેણી:પશ્ચિમ બંગાળ","he":"קטגוריה:מערב בנגל","hi":"श्रेणी:पश्चिम बंगाल","hu":"Kategória:Nyugat-Bengál","ilo":"Kategoria:Laud a Bengal","it":"Categoria:Bengala Occidentale","ja":"Category:西ベンガル","kn":"ವರ್ಗ:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಬಂಗಾಳ","ko":"분류:서벵골주","ku":"Kategorî:Bengala Rojava","la":"Categoria:Bengala Occidentalis","lb":"Kategorie:Westbengalen","lld":"Categoria:Bengal dl Vest","lt":"Kategorija:Vakarų Bengalija","mk":"Категорија:Западен Бенгал","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:പശ്ചിമ ബംഗാൾ","mn":"Ангилал:Өрнөд Бенгал","mr":"वर्ग:पश्चिम बंगाल","ms":"Kategori:Bengal Barat","ne":"श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गाल","new":"पुचः:पश्चिम बङ्गाल","nl":"Categorie:West-Bengalen","nn":"Kategori:Vest-Bengal","nb":"Kategori:Vest-Bengal","or":"ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ପଶ୍ଚିମ ବଙ୍ଗ","os":"Категори:��ыгуылæн Бенгали","pl":"Kategoria:Bengal Zachodni","pt":"Categoria:Bengala Ocidental","ru":"Категория:Западная Бенгалия","sa":"वर्गः:पश्चिमवङ्गराज्यम्","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ","sco":"Category:Wast Bengal","simple":"Category:West Bengal","sk":"Kategória:Západné Bengálsko","sl":"Kategorija:Zahodna Bengalija","sv":"Kategori:Västbengalen","sw":"Jamii:West Bengal","ta":"பகுப்பு:மேற்கு வங்காளம்","te":"వర్గం:పశ్చిమ బెంగాల్","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Иёлоти Банголистони Ғарбӣ","th":"หมวดหมู่:รัฐเบงกอลตะวันตก","tr":"Kategori:Batı Bengal","uk":"Категорія:Західний Бенгал","ur":"زمرہ:مغربی بنگال","vep":"Kategorii:Päivlaskmaine Bengalii","vi":"Thể loại:Tây Bengal","war":"Kaarangay:Katundan nga Bengal","zh":"Category:西孟加拉邦","zh-yue":"Category:西孟加拉邦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India Barat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India Barat","translated_text":"Category:States and territories in Western India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Mizoram","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Mizoram}}\n\n[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]","hash":"f88be06dbbbc9dba6f9deefc21a7a27570e51f29124fdd8b84aa5d681226448e","last_revision":"2013-04-06T18:05:48Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:44:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.158104","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:ميزورام","as":"শ্ৰেণী:মিজোৰাম","be":"Катэгорыя:Мізарам","bh":"श्रेणी:मिजोरम","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:মিজোরাম","bpy":"থাক:মিজোরাম","ca":"Categoria:Mizoram","cs":"Kategorie:Mizóram","cy":"Categori:Mizoram","da":"Kategori:Mizoram","de":"Kategorie:Mizoram","en":"Category:Mizoram","es":"Categoría:Mizoram","et":"Kategooria:Mizoram","eu":"Kategoria:Mizoram","fa":"رده:میزورام","fi":"Luokka:Mizoram","fr":"Catégorie:Mizoram","gu":"શ્રેણી:મિઝોરમ","he":"קטגוריה:מיזוראם","hi":"श्रेणी:मिज़ोरम","hif":"vibhag:Mizoram","it":"Categoria:Mizoram","ja":"Category:ミゾラム","kn":"ವರ್ಗ:ಮಿಝೋರಂ","ko":"분류:미조람주","lld":"Categoria:Mizoram","mk":"Категорија:Мизорам","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:മിസോറം","mn":"Ангилал:Мизорам","mr":"वर्ग:मिझोरम","ne":"श्रेणी:मिजोरम","nl":"Categorie:Mizoram","nb":"Kategori:Mizoram","pl":"Kategoria:Mizoram","pt":"Categoria:Mizorão","ru":"Категория:Мизорам","sa":"वर्गः:मिजोरामराज्यम्","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱢ","simple":"Category:Mizoram","sv":"Kategori:Mizoram","sw":"Jamii:Mizoram","ta":"பகுப்பு:மிசோரம்","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Иёлоти Мизорам","th":"หมวดหมู่:รัฐมิโซรัม","uk":"Категорія:Мізорам","ur":"زمرہ:میزورم","vi":"Thể loại:Mizoram","war":"Kaarangay:Mizoram","zh":"Category:米佐拉姆邦","zh-yue":"Category:密索藍邦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India","translated_text":"Category:States and territories of India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Chakma","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bangladesh]]\n[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di India]]","hash":"24a1ec3dd3c1b463ffcead8a4e9ddfc0ac85d11e3d6f9bf934dae7ce6d0bbe89","last_revision":"2013-04-06T11:38:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:50:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.216776","cross_lingual_links":{"bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:চাকমা","en":"Category:Chakma"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bangladesh Kategori:Suku bangsa di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bangladesh Kategori:Suku bangsa di India","translated_text":"Category:Nations in Bangladesh Category:Nations in India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Chittagong","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Chittagong}}\n\n[[Kategori:Permukiman di Bangladesh]]","hash":"6c896072cde888770569f6de3e809e29bbfa7fb0f01065c66519704a6e3e5bfe","last_revision":"2013-04-06T11:39:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T15:54:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.279935","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:جاتجام","bg":"Категория:Читагонг","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:চট্টগ্রাম","cy":"Categori:Chittagong","da":"Kategori:Chittagong","de":"Kategorie:Chittagong","el":"Κατηγορία:Τσιταγκόνγκ","en":"Category:Chittagong","es":"Categoría:Chittagong","fa":"رده:شهرستان چیتاگونگ","fi":"Luokka:Chittagong","ko":"분류:치타공","mk":"Категорија:Читагонг","mn":"Ангилал:Читтагонг","mr":"वर्ग:चट्टग्राम","pl":"Kategoria:Ćottogram","tr":"Kategori:Chittagong","ur":"زمرہ:چٹاگانگ","zh":"Category:吉大港"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Permukiman di Bangladesh\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Permukiman di Bangladesh","translated_text":"Category:Residences in Bangladesh","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial di Orissa","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Kelompok sosial di India|Orissa]]\n[[Kategori:Orissa]]","hash":"f8a569d5c0c0c40e2397763f43e09301092c4a4319e50c36190eabe9319a6254","last_revision":"2011-06-11T21:12:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:19:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.404104","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Orissa Kategori:Orissa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Orissa Kategori:Orissa","translated_text":"Orissa Category:Orissa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Orissa","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Orissa}}\n\n[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]","hash":"1cdb4d4454cc5666bcd6fa69ad081d13d9166f951b1f20a21d838d37285880e6","last_revision":"2013-04-06T08:15:55Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:27:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.468823","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Kategorie:Orissa","ar":"تصنيف:أوديشا","as":"শ্ৰেণী:উৰিষ্যা","az":"Kateqoriya:Orissa","be":"Катэгорыя:Адыша","bh":"श्रेणी:ओडिशा","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:ওড়িশা","bpy":"থাক:ওড়িশা","ca":"Categoria:Orissa","cs":"Kategorie:Urísa","cy":"Categori:Odisha","de":"Kategorie:Odisha","el":"Κατηγορία:Ορίσα","en":"Category:Odisha","es":"Categoría:Odisha","et":"Kategooria:Odisha","eu":"Kategoria:Odisha","fa":"رده:اودیسا","fi":"Luokka:Odisha","fr":"Catégorie:Odisha","gu":"શ્રેણી:ઑડિશા","he":"קטגוריה:אודישה","hi":"श्रेणी:ओड़िशा","hif":"vibhag:Orissa","hu":"Kategória:Orisza","it":"Categoria:Orissa","ja":"Category:オリッサ","kn":"ವರ್ಗ:ಒರಿಸ್ಸಾ","ko":"분류:오디샤주","la":"Categoria:Orissa","lld":"Categoria:Odisha","lt":"Kategorija:Orisa","mk":"Категорија:Одиша","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ഒഡീഷ","mn":"Ангилал:Одиша","mr":"वर्ग:ओडिशा","ms":"Kategori:Orissa","ne":"श्रेणी:ओडिशा","nl":"Categorie:Odisha","nn":"Kategori:Orissa","nb":"Kategori:Orissa","or":"ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ଓଡ଼ିଶା","os":"Категори:Одишæ","pa":"ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਓਡੀਸ਼ਾ","pl":"Kategoria:Orisa","pt":"Categoria:Orissa","ru":"Категория:Одиша","sa":"वर्गः:ओडिशाराज्यम्","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ","simple":"Category:Odisha","sv":"Kategori:Odisha","sw":"Jamii:Orissa","ta":"பகுப்பு:ஒடிசா","te":"వర్గం:ఒడిశా","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Иёлоти Орисса","th":"หมวดหมู่:รัฐโอฑิศา","tl":"Kategorya:Odisha","uk":"Категорія:Одіша","ur":"زمرہ:اوڈیشا","vi":"Thể loại:Orissa","war":"Kaarangay:Odisha","zh":"Category:奥迪沙邦","zh-yue":"Category:奧里薩邦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India","translated_text":"Category:States and territories of India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Kelompok sosial di Jharkhand","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Kelompok sosial di India|Jharkhand]]\n[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Jharkhand]]","hash":"7911f563b82c6d265a0489818de147964cb8cbe06093354bf74a0512951403b9","last_revision":"2013-03-31T18:26:15Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:33:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.525393","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:مجموعات اجتماعية في جهارخاند","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:ঝাড়খণ্ডের সামাজিক গোষ্ঠী","en":"Category:Social groups of Jharkhand","hi":"श्रेणी:झारखंड के सामाजिक समूह","ur":"زمرہ:جھاڑکھنڈ کے معاشرتی گروہ","zh":"Category:贾坎德邦社会团体"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Jharkhand Kategori:Suku bangsa di Jharkhand\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jharkhand Kategori:Suku bangsa di Jharkhand","translated_text":"Jharkhand Category:Nations in Jharkhand","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Jharkhand","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di India|Jharkhand]]\n[[Kategori:Jharkhand]]","hash":"85d5802257132671eb0e373cc3b2798e9f5ce72de4654493ea9d7ab77722a7e8","last_revision":"2013-04-06T13:24:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:36:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.580140","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:مجموعات عرقية في جهارخاند","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:ঝাড়খণ্ডের জাতিগোষ্ঠী","en":"Category:Ethnic groups in Jharkhand","zh":"Category:贾坎德邦族群"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Jharkhand Kategori:Jharkhand\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jharkhand Kategori:Jharkhand","translated_text":"Jharkhand Category:Jharkhand","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Jharkhand","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Jharkhand}}\n\n[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]","hash":"75df7eb4c072edfe173f9ede7504c74a072255c7a66dcae9b59c63d1d23c47a6","last_revision":"2013-04-06T14:29:51Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:40:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.641645","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:جهارخاند","as":"শ্ৰেণী:ঝাৰখণ্ড","be":"Катэгорыя:Джхаркханд","bg":"Категория:Джаркханд","bh":"श्रेणी:झारखंड","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:ঝাড়খণ্ড","bpy":"থাক:ঝাড়খন্ড","ca":"Categoria:Jharkhand","cs":"Kategorie:Džhárkhand","cy":"Categori:Jharkhand","da":"Kategori:Jharkhand","de":"Kategorie:Jharkhand","en":"Category:Jharkhand","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝharkhando","es":"Categoría:Jharkhand","et":"Kategooria:Jharkhand","eu":"Kategoria:Jharkhand","fa":"رده:جارکند","fi":"Luokka:Jharkhand","fr":"Catégorie:Jharkhand","gu":"શ્રેણી:ઝારખંડ","he":"קטגוריה:ג'הרקאנד","hi":"श्रेणी:झारखंड","hif":"vibhag:Jharkhand","it":"Categoria:Jharkhand","ja":"Category:ジャールカンド","kn":"ವರ್ಗ:ಝಾರ್ಖಂಡ್","ko":"분류:자르칸드주","la":"Categoria:Jharakhanda","lld":"Categoria:Jharkhand","mk":"Категорија:Џарканд","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ഝാർഖണ്ഡ്","mn":"Ангилал:Жаркханд","mr":"वर्ग:झारखंड","new":"पुचः:झारखण्ड","nl":"Categorie:Jharkhand","nb":"Kategori:Jharkhand","or":"ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:ଝାଡ଼ଖଣ୍ଡ","os":"Категори:Джаркханд","pl":"Kategoria:Jharkhand","ps":"وېشنيزه:جارکنډ","pt":"Categoria:Jarcanda","ru":"Категория:Джаркханд","sa":"वर्गः:झारखण्डराज्यम्","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ","sh":"Kategorija:Jharkhand","simple":"Category:Jharkhand","sv":"Kategori:Jharkhand","sw":"Jamii:Jharkhand","ta":"பகுப்பு:சார்க்கண்டு","te":"వర్గం:జార్ఖండ్","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Иёлоти Ҷарханд","th":"หมวดหมู่:รัฐฌารขัณฑ์","uk":"Категорія:Джгаркганд","ur":"زمرہ:جھارکھنڈ","vi":"Thể loại:Jharkhand","war":"Kaarangay:Jharkhand","zh":"Category:贾坎德邦","zh-yue":"Category:乍拉肯德邦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India","translated_text":"Category:States and territories of India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Bangsa Dravida","wikicode":"{{artikelutama}}\n{{Commonscat|Dravidian peoples}}\n\n[[Kategori:Dravida]]\n[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bangladesh]]\n[[Kategori:Suku bangsa di India]]","hash":"0e6cd150c0f35403fd9e4c2c6b44511cc7df18eeace0f2d42f37fd042b69e5a5","last_revision":"2017-11-24T21:48:13Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:45:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.697730","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:سلالة درفيدية","ba":"Категория:Дравид халыҡтары","be":"Катэгорыя:Дравідыйскія народы","bg":"Категория:Дравидски народи","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:দ্রাবিড় জাতি","cs":"Kategorie:Drávidské národy","da":"Kategori:Dravider","el":"Κατηγορία:Δραβίδες","en":"Category:Dravidian peoples","eo":"Kategorio:Dravidaj popoloj","es":"Categoría:Pueblos drávidas","fa":"رده:قوم دراویدی","fi":"Luokka:Dravidakansat","fy":"Kategory:Dravidysk folk","hr":"Kategorija:Dravidi","it":"Categoria:Popoli dravidici","ko":"분류:드라비다족","ky":"Категория:Дравид элдери","lt":"Kategorija:Dravidai","mk":"Категорија:Дравидски народи","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:ദ്രാവിഡജനവിഭാഗങ്ങൾ","ms":"Kategori:Orang Dravidia","pa":"ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਦ੍ਰਾਵਿੜ ਲੋਕ","pt":"Categoria:Povos dravidianos","ru":"Категория:Дравидийские народы","sh":"Kategorija:Dravidi","simple":"Category:Dravidian peoples","sr":"Категорија:Дравидски народи","sv":"Kategori:Dravidfolk","ta":"பகுப்பு:திராவிடர்","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Халқҳои дравидӣ","tr":"Kategori:Dravidler","uk":"Категорія:Дравідійські народи","ur":"زمرہ:دراوڑ اقوام","zh":"Category:达罗毗荼人"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Dravida Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bangladesh Kategori:Suku bangsa di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Dravida Kategori:Suku bangsa di Bangladesh Kategori:Suku bangsa di India","translated_text":"Category:Dravida Category:Nations of Bangladesh Category:Nations of the Indian subcontinent","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Dravida","wikicode":"'''Bangsa Dravida''' atau '''Dravida''' merupakan istilah bahasa yang seringkali diberikan kepada tokoh-tokoh terutama di Selatan India, Sri Lanka Timur Laut dan bagian di Pakistan, Bangladesh dan Nepal yang masih menggunakan bahasa Dravida atau yang menurut sejarah pernah menggunakan bahasa Dravida tetapi tidak mempergunakannya lagi.\nDravidian people, or Dravidiansis basically a linguistic term that are some times given to people of\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh kuno]]","hash":"822cd0716121f7aa87d3412e0d03c8a8bc42fd5177a78b6f666a39626d1a039b","last_revision":"2017-02-09T10:11:06Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:50:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.752753","cross_lingual_links":{"fa":"رده:دراویدیها","ko":"분류:드라비다인","pt":"Categoria:Dravidianos","tr":"Kategori:Dravid halkları","ur":"زمرہ:دراوڑ"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Bangsa Dravida atau Dravida merupakan istilah bahasa yang seringkali diberikan kepada tokoh-tokoh terutama di Selatan India, Sri Lanka Timur Laut dan bagian di Pakistan, Bangladesh dan Nepal yang masih menggunakan bahasa Dravida atau yang menurut sejarah pernah menggunakan bahasa Dravida tetapi tidak mempergunakannya lagi. Dravidian people, or Dravidiansis basically a linguistic term that are some times given to people of\n\nKategori:Tokoh kuno\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bangsa Dravida atau Dravida merupakan istilah bahasa yang seringkali diberikan kepada tokoh-tokoh terutama di Selatan India, Sri Lanka Timur Laut dan bagian di Pakistan, Bangladesh dan Nepal yang masih menggunakan bahasa Dravida atau yang menurut sejarah pernah menggunakan bahasa Dravida tetapi tidak mempergunakannya lagi.","translated_text":"The Dravidian people or Dravids are a language term often given to figures primarily in South India, Sri Lanka North-East and parts of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal who still use the Dravidian language or who historically used the Dravidian language but no longer use it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dravidian people, or Dravidiansis basically a linguistic term that are some times given to people of","translated_text":"Dravidian people, or Dravidiansis is basically a linguistic term that is sometimes given to people of","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tokoh kuno","translated_text":"Category:Ancient people","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Bodo-Kachari","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Suku Assam]]","hash":"06f89253a7049ebce639c8bc806270563919878d28b27292da00c1e7085ff9cc","last_revision":"2013-04-06T09:40:03Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:54:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.805883","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:Bodo-Kachari","fa":"رده:بودو-کاچاری"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Suku Assam\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Suku Assam","translated_text":"Category:Assamese people","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Negara megadiversitas","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Megadiverse_Countries.PNG|jmpl|ka|Ke tujuh belas negara yang teridentifikasi sebagai negara megadiversitas oleh UNEP (Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia)]]\n'''Negara megadiversitas''' adalah negara-negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati terkaya di dunia. Sekelompok negara-negara ini menampung sebagian besar khazanah spesies yang ada di muka [[Bumi]], karena itu dianggap sangat kaya akan [[keanekaragaman hayati]]. Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia (''World Conservation Monitoring Centre''), sebuah badan dalam Program Lingkungan Hidup [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (''United Nations Environment Programme''), telah mengidentifikasi 17 negara megadiversitas,[[http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html Biodiversity Theme Report]] yang kebanyakan berlokasi di kawasan tropis.\n\nPada 2002, organisasi terpisah, '''Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas''' (''Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries''), dibentuk di [[Meksiko]], yang terdiri atas negara-negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati dikaitkan dengan pengetahuan tradisional.[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=Like Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC) |access-date=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2007-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328170818/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |dead-url=yes }}] Organisasi ini tidak mencantumkan semua negara-negara megadiversitas seperti yang diidentifikasi oleh Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia.\n\n== Negara megadiversitas ==\nBerdasarkan urutan alfabet, ke-17 negara [[http://www.unido.org/file-storage/download%3ffile_id=11803 Cancun Declaration of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}]\n\nNegara-negara anggota organisasi Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas adalah sebagai berikut, berdasarkan urutan alfabet:\n\n{{col-begin}}\n{{col-3}}\n* {{BOL}}\n* {{BRA}}\n* {{CHN}}\n* {{COL}}\n* {{CRC}}\n* {{COD}}\n{{col-3}}\n* {{ECU}}\n* {{IND}}\n* {{IDN}}\n* {{KEN}}\n* {{MAD}}\n* {{MYS}}\n{{col-3}}\n* {{MEX}}\n* {{PER}}\n* {{PHI}}\n* {{ZAF}}\n* {{VEN}}\n{{col-end}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{Wikisource-inline|es:Declaración_de_Cancún|Declaration of Cancún (Spanish)|original}}\n\n[[Kategori:Biogeografi]]\n[[Kategori:Negara]]\n[[Kategori:Keanekaragaman hayati]]","hash":"58637413644c20611c6986687187ee1feabb8c5b7f64e8a66448ba19f090ab60","last_revision":"2024-02-05T07:26:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T16:55:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:04.862973","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بلدان بالغة التنوع","az":"Meqadivers ölkələri","bn":"অতিবৈচিত্র্যময় দেশ","ca":"Països megadiversos","en":"Megadiverse countries","eo":"Megadiversaj landoj","es":"Países megadiversos","fa":"کشورهای دارای تنوع زیستی کلان","fr":"Pays mégadivers","gl":"Países megadiversos","hi":"विशालविविध देश","it":"Paesi megadiversi","la":"Nationes megadiversae","li":"Megadivers land","ms":"Negara megadiversiti","pt":"Países megadiversos","simple":"Megadiverse countries","ta":"பெரும்பல்வகைமை நாடுகள்","uk":"Країни з надвисоким біорізноманіттям","ur":"کثیر التنوع ملک","zh":"超级生物多样性国家同盟","zh-yue":"超多樣化國"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Negara megadiversitas adalah negara-negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati terkaya di dunia. Sekelompok negara-negara ini menampung sebagian besar khazanah spesies yang ada di muka Bumi, karena itu dianggap sangat kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati. Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia (World Conservation Monitoring Centre), sebuah badan dalam Program Lingkungan Hidup Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Environment Programme), telah mengidentifikasi 17 negara megadiversitas, yang kebanyakan berlokasi di kawasan tropis.\n\nPada 2002, organisasi terpisah, Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas (Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries), dibentuk di Meksiko, yang terdiri atas negara-negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati dikaitkan dengan pengetahuan tradisional. Organisasi ini tidak mencantumkan semua negara-negara megadiversitas seperti yang diidentifikasi oleh Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia.\n\nBerdasarkan urutan alfabet, ke-17 negara tersebut adalah:\n\nPada 18 Februari 2002, para menteri negara lingkungan hidup beserta delegasi dari Brasil, China, Kolombia, Kosta Rika, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Filipina, Meksiko, Peru, Afrika Selatan, dan Venezuela berkumpul di kota Cancun, Meksiko. Negara-negara ini mendeklarasikan berdirinya Kelompok Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas sebagai suatu wadah mekanisme untuk konsultasi dan kerja sama, sehingga kepentingan dan prioritas yang terkait dengan pelestarian dan pemanfaatan yang berkelanjutan atas sumber daya keanekaragaman hayati dapat dipromosikan. Mereka juga menyerukan kepada negara-negara yang belum ikut serta agar segera meratifikasi Konvensi Keanekaragaman Hayati, Protokol Cartagena atas Keamanan Hayati, serta Protokol Kyoto untuk perubahan iklim.\n\nPada waktu yang bersamaan, mereka sepakat untuk mengadakan pertemuan berkala pada tingkat menteri dan pakar lingkungan hidup. Serta memutuskan kesimpulan atas pertemuan tahunan tingkat menteri ini, tuan rumah berikutnya akan berperan sebagai sekretaris (ketua) kelompok, memastukan keberlanjutan, serta pengembangan lebih lanjut atas kerja sama negara-negara ini untuk mencapai kesepakatan dan tujuan bersama yang telah disepakati sebelumnya.\n\nNegara-negara anggota organisasi Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas adalah sebagai berikut, berdasarkan urutan alfabet:\n\nKategori:Biogeografi Kategori:Negara Kategori:Keanekaragaman hayati\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Negara megadiversitas adalah negara-negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati terkaya di dunia.","translated_text":"Megadiverse countries are the most biodiverse countries in the world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekelompok negara-negara ini menampung sebagian besar khazanah spesies yang ada di muka Bumi, karena itu dianggap sangat kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati.","translated_text":"These countries are home to most of the Earth's treasure trove of species, which is why they are considered extremely rich in biodiversity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia (World Conservation Monitoring Centre), sebuah badan dalam Program Lingkungan Hidup Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Environment Programme), telah mengidentifikasi 17 negara megadiversitas, yang kebanyakan berlokasi di kawasan tropis.","translated_text":"The World Conservation Monitoring Centre, an agency within the United Nations Environment Programme, has identified 17 megadiverse countries, most of which are located in the tropics.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html Biodiversity Theme Report]]","char_index":233,"name":"AUSGOP","url":"http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:54.564520-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 2002, organisasi terpisah, Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas (Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries), dibentuk di Meksiko, yang terdiri atas negara-negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati dikaitkan dengan pengetahuan tradisional.","translated_text":"In 2002, a separate organization, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, was formed in Mexico, consisting of countries rich in biodiversity associated with traditional knowledge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=Like Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC) |access-date=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2007-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328170818/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":241,"name":"llmc","url":"http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:55.289212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=Like Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC) |access-date=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2007-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328170818/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":241,"name":"llmc","url":"http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:55.289212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Organisasi ini tidak mencantumkan semua negara-negara megadiversitas seperti yang diidentifikasi oleh Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia.","translated_text":"The organization does not list all megadiverse countries as identified by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Negara megadiversitas","translated_text":"A megadiverse country","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berdasarkan urutan alfabet, ke-17 negara 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Sekelompok negara-negara ini menampung sebagian besar khazanah spesies yang ada di muka Bumi, karena itu dianggap sangat kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati. Pusat Pengawasan Konservasi Dunia (World Conservation Monitoring Centre), sebuah badan dalam Program Lingkungan Hidup Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Environment Programme), telah mengidentifikasi 17 negara megadiversitas, yang kebanyakan berlokasi di kawasan tropis.","translated_text":"Megadiverse countries are the most biodiverse countries in the world. These countries are home to most of the Earth's treasure trove of species, which is why they are considered extremely rich in biodiversity. The World Conservation Monitoring Centre, an agency within the United Nations Environment Programme, has identified 17 megadiverse countries, most of which are located in the tropics.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html Biodiversity Theme Report]]","char_index":484,"name":"AUSGOP","url":"http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:54.564520-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 2002, organisasi terpisah, Kesepahaman Negara-negara Megadiversitas (Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries), dibentuk di Meksiko, yang terdiri atas negara-negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati dikaitkan dengan pengetahuan tradisional.","translated_text":"In 2002, a separate organization, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries, was formed in Mexico, consisting of countries rich in biodiversity associated with traditional knowledge.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=Like Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC) |access-date=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2007-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328170818/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":241,"name":"llmc","url":"http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:55.289212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |title=Like Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC) |access-date=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2007-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328170818/http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":241,"name":"llmc","url":"http://www.lmmc.nic.in/index.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:55.289212-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berdasarkan urutan alfabet, ke-17 negara tersebut adalah:","translated_text":"Based on alphabetical order, the 17th country is:","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html Biodiversity Theme Report]]","char_index":41,"name":"AUSGOP","url":"http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/theme-reports/biodiversity/biodiversity01-3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:54.564520-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada waktu yang bersamaan, mereka sepakat untuk mengadakan pertemuan berkala pada tingkat menteri dan pakar lingkungan hidup. Serta memutuskan kesimpulan atas pertemuan tahunan tingkat menteri ini, tuan rumah berikutnya akan berperan sebagai sekretaris (ketua) kelompok, memastukan keberlanjutan, serta pengembangan lebih lanjut atas kerja sama negara-negara ini untuk mencapai kesepakatan dan tujuan bersama yang telah disepakati sebelumnya.","translated_text":"At the same time, they agreed to hold regular meetings at ministerial and environmental level. 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+{"title":"Kategori:Meghalaya","wikicode":"'''Meghalaya''' adalah negara bagian di [[India]]\n\n{{Artikelutama}}\n{{Commonscat|Meghalaya}}\n\n[[Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India]]","hash":"694dd8f48a460d5a4d11199c7a28d5c692b9a48b6d5d791e90943e899b26b3b7","last_revision":"2013-04-06T17:46:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T17:01:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.115770","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:ولاية ميغالايا","as":"শ্ৰেণী:মেঘালয়","be":"Катэгорыя:Мегхалая","bh":"श्रेणी:मेघालय","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:মেঘালয়","bpy":"থাক:মেঘালয়","ca":"Categoria:Meghalaya","cs":"Kategorie:Méghálaja","cy":"Categori:Meghalaya","de":"Kategorie:Meghalaya","en":"Category:Meghalaya","es":"Categoría:Meghalaya","eu":"Kategoria:Meghalaya","fa":"رده:مگالایا","fi":"Luokka:Meghalaya","fr":"Catégorie:Meghalaya","gu":"શ્રેણી:મેઘાલય","he":"קטגוריה:מגהלאיה","hi":"श्रेणी:मेघालय","hif":"vibhag:Meghalaya","it":"Categoria:Meghalaya","ja":"Category:メーガーラヤ","kn":"ವರ್ಗ:ಮೆಘಾಲಯ","ko":"분류:메갈라야주","la":"Categoria:Meghalaya","lld":"Categoria:Meghalaya","mk":"Категорија:Мегалаја","ml":"വർഗ്ഗം:മേഘാലയ","mn":"Ангилал:Мегхалая","mr":"वर्ग:मेघालय","ne":"श्रेणी:मेघालय","nl":"Categorie:Meghalaya","nb":"Kategori:Meghalaya","pl":"Kategoria:Meghalaya","pt":"Categoria:Megalaia","ru":"Категория:Мегхалая","sa":"वर्गः:मेघालयराज्यम्","sat":"ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ","simple":"Category:Meghalaya","sv":"Kategori:Meghalaya","sw":"Jamii:Meghalaya","ta":"பகுப்பு:மேகாலயா","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Иёлоти Меғалая","th":"หมวดหมู่:รัฐเมฆาลัย","uk":"Категорія:Мегхалая","ur":"زمرہ:میگھالیہ","vi":"Thể loại:Meghalaya","war":"Kaarangay:Meghalaya","zh":"Category:梅加拉亚邦","zh-yue":"Category:梅加拉亞邦"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Meghalaya adalah negara bagian di India\n\nKategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meghalaya adalah negara bagian di India","translated_text":"Meghalaya is a state in India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Negara bagian dan wilayah di India","translated_text":"Category:States and territories of India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Patagonia","wikicode":"{{artikelutama}}\n\n{{Commonscat|Patagonia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Geografi Argentina]]\n[[Kategori:Geografi Chili]]","hash":"6b99f11ab77344e4772d9767ac412d0380bd53d2491600431bb435773fd4fa58","last_revision":"2020-05-15T08:02:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T17:10:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.243878","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:باتاغونيا","az":"Kateqoriya:Pataqoniya","azb":"بؤلمه:پاتاقونیا","be":"Катэгорыя:Патагонія","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Патагонія","bg":"Категория:Патагония","br":"Rummad:Patagonia","cs":"Kategorie:Patagonie","cy":"Categori:Patagonia","de":"Kategorie:Patagonien","en":"Category:Patagonia","eo":"Kategorio:Patagonio","es":"Categoría:Patagonia","eu":"Kategoria:Patagonia","fa":"رده:پاتاگونیا","fr":"Catégorie:Patagonie","ga":"Catagóir:An Phatagóin","gv":"Ronney:Yn Phatagoan","he":"קטגוריה:פטגוניה","hu":"Kategória:Patagónia","it":"Categoria:Patagonia","ja":"Category:パタゴニア","ka":"კატეგორია:პატაგონია","ko":"분류:파타고니아","la":"Categoria:Patagonia","lt":"Kategorija:Patagonija","mk":"Категорија:Патагонија","nb":"Kategori:Patagonia","pt":"Categoria:Patagônia","ru":"Категория:Патагония","sco":"Category:Patagonie","sv":"Kategori:Patagonien","sw":"Jamii:Patagonia","tr":"Kategori:Patagonya","uk":"Категорія:Патагонія","vi":"Thể loại:Patagonia","zh":"Category:巴塔哥尼亞"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.358891","text":"Kategori:Geografi Argentina Kategori:Geografi Chili\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Geografi Argentina Kategori:Geografi Chili","translated_text":"Category:Geography of Argentina Category:Geography of Chile","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Karya menurut penulis","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Karya| ]]\n[[Kategori:Penulis]]","hash":"050c489716c82a60cba819866d4cab5809012ceadee064ce97cca3cf71dd2ab4","last_revision":"2022-01-27T13:40:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T17:43:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.301887","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kategori:Karya Kategori:Penulis\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Karya Kategori:Penulis","translated_text":"Categories:Writing and writing","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Rubi","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mirah delima]]","hash":"cb93169f6bd623781a06af1763c8501d0114a59be1c0eb6c8776a782e18823da","last_revision":"2010-10-24T18:10:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T18:10:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.366586","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mirah delima\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mirah delima","translated_text":"I'm the fifth","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Mitogen","wikicode":"'''Mitogen''' adalah [[senyawa]] [[Senyawa organik|organik]] yang berperan di dalam [[siklus]] [[sel]] sebagai stimulasi kelanjutan proses menuju [[mitosis]].[{{Cite book|last=Rifai|first=Mien A.|date=1993|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ktfaAAAAMAAJ&q=mitogen+adalah&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwBnoECAcQAg|title=Reproduksi, genetika, dan evolusi|location=|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|isbn=978-979-459-318-9|pages=83|language=id|url-status=live}}] Sebuah mitogen umumnya merupakan [[hormon]] intraselular yang memicu lintasan sinyal intraselular. Mitogen berperan dalam meningkatkan ploriferasi sel yang berfungsi pada [[imun]]itas. Sel yang menjadi sasaran dari [[imunologi]] adalah sel [[granulosit]], [[makrofag]], dan [[limfosit]] T dan B. Mitogen memiliki sistem kerja langsung dan tidak langsung. Salah satu kerja mitogen adalah melalui komplemen atau limfosit melalui produksi [[interferferon]] atau [[enzim]] lisosomal dengan tujuan meningkatkan aktivitas [[fagositosis]] mikro dan makro.[{{Cite book|last=Nur|first=Rudy Agung Nugroho & Firman M.|date=2018-05-23|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=eWZmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwAXoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=mitogen%20adalah&f=false|title=Potensi Bahan Hayati Sebagai Imunostimulan Hewan Akuatik|location=|publisher=Deepublish|isbn=978-602-475-121-0|pages=21|language=id|url-status=live}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Senyawa kimia]]","hash":"52416ef0ec4195b83f393b892bfdeb07eab69d7af88880d4e0682c95ca5d37a6","last_revision":"2024-01-04T17:08:12Z","first_revision":"2010-10-24T23:32:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.421569","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ميتوجين","bs":"Mitogen","ca":"Mitogen","da":"Mitogen","de":"Mitogen","en":"Mitogen","fa":"میتوژن","fr":"Mitogène","gl":"Mitóxeno","it":"Mitogenesia","ja":"分裂促進因子","nl":"Mitogeen","pl":"Mitogen","pt":"Mitógeno","ro":"Mitogen","ru":"Митогены","uk":"Мітоген","ur":"انقسامیہ","zh":"丝裂原"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Mitogen adalah senyawa organik yang berperan di dalam siklus sel sebagai stimulasi kelanjutan proses menuju mitosis. Sebuah mitogen umumnya merupakan hormon intraselular yang memicu lintasan sinyal intraselular. Mitogen berperan dalam meningkatkan ploriferasi sel yang berfungsi pada imunitas. Sel yang menjadi sasaran dari imunologi adalah sel granulosit, makrofag, dan limfosit T dan B. Mitogen memiliki sistem kerja langsung dan tidak langsung. Salah satu kerja mitogen adalah melalui komplemen atau limfosit melalui produksi interferferon atau enzim lisosomal dengan tujuan meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis mikro dan makro.\n\nKategori:Senyawa kimia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mitogen adalah senyawa organik yang berperan di dalam siklus sel sebagai stimulasi kelanjutan proses menuju mitosis.","translated_text":"Mitogens are organic compounds that play a role in the cell cycle as a continual stimulation of the process towards mitosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite book|last=Rifai|first=Mien A.|date=1993|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ktfaAAAAMAAJ&q=mitogen+adalah&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwBnoECAcQAg|title=Reproduksi, genetika, dan evolusi|location=|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|isbn=978-979-459-318-9|pages=83|language=id|url-status=live}}]","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ktfaAAAAMAAJ&q=mitogen+adalah&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwBnoECAcQAg","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":43723,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.233709-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.50390625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah mitogen umumnya merupakan hormon intraselular yang memicu lintasan sinyal intraselular.","translated_text":"A mitogen is generally an intracellular hormone that triggers an intracellular signal pathway.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mitogen berperan dalam meningkatkan ploriferasi sel yang berfungsi pada imunitas.","translated_text":"Mitogens play a role in increasing the plorification of cells that function in immunity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sel yang menjadi sasaran dari imunologi adalah sel granulosit, makrofag, dan limfosit T dan B. Mitogen memiliki sistem kerja langsung dan tidak langsung.","translated_text":"The target cells of immunology are granulocyte cells, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes. Mitogens have direct and indirect working systems.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu kerja mitogen adalah melalui komplemen atau limfosit melalui produksi interferferon atau enzim lisosomal dengan tujuan meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis mikro dan makro.","translated_text":"One of the mitogen's functions is through supplementation or lymphocytes through the production of interferon or lysosomal enzymes with the aim of increasing the activity of micro and macro phagocytosis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite book|last=Nur|first=Rudy Agung Nugroho & Firman M.|date=2018-05-23|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=eWZmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwAXoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=mitogen%20adalah&f=false|title=Potensi Bahan Hayati Sebagai Imunostimulan Hewan Akuatik|location=|publisher=Deepublish|isbn=978-602-475-121-0|pages=21|language=id|url-status=live}}]","char_index":181,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.co.id/books?id=eWZmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwAXoECAQQAg","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1687,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.651316-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Senyawa kimia","translated_text":"Category:Chemical compounds","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Mitogen adalah senyawa organik yang berperan di dalam siklus sel sebagai stimulasi kelanjutan proses menuju mitosis.","translated_text":"Mitogens are organic compounds that play a role in the cell cycle as a continual stimulation of the process towards mitosis.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite book|last=Rifai|first=Mien A.|date=1993|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ktfaAAAAMAAJ&q=mitogen+adalah&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwBnoECAcQAg|title=Reproduksi, genetika, dan evolusi|location=|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|isbn=978-979-459-318-9|pages=83|language=id|url-status=live}}]","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ktfaAAAAMAAJ&q=mitogen+adalah&dq=mitogen+adalah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl5PnEz_3rAhXEV30KHQxgBF8Q6AEwBnoECAcQAg","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":43723,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.233709-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.50390625}]},{"text":"Mitogen berperan dalam meningkatkan ploriferasi sel yang berfungsi pada imunitas. Sel yang menjadi sasaran dari imunologi adalah sel granulosit, makrofag, dan limfosit T dan B. Mitogen memiliki sistem kerja langsung dan tidak langsung. Salah satu kerja mitogen adalah melalui komplemen atau limfosit melalui produksi interferferon atau enzim lisosomal dengan tujuan meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis mikro dan makro.","translated_text":"Mitogens play a role in increasing the plorification of cells that function in immunity. The target cells of immunology are granulocyte cells, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes. Mitogens have direct and indirect working systems. 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+{"title":"Bursa Saham Tokyo","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bursa Efek Tokyo]]","hash":"f5609f5d61fcad728a09e9bfc9c4d16a98c9dd74adf93772817d05d92de88598","last_revision":"2022-05-20T00:58:02Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T03:49:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.485142","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bursa Efek Tokyo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bursa Efek Tokyo","translated_text":"The stock exchange in Tokyo","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Bursa","wikicode":"{{merge|Pasar saham}}\n{{untuk|kota di Turki|Bursa, Turki}}\n{{disambiginfo}}\n'''Bursa''' adalah sebuah pasar yang sangat terorganisasi: yang mempertemukan pembeli dengan penjual tanpa mereka tahu siapa lawan transaksi mereka. Bursa (terutama) menjadi tempat perdagangan [[efek]], [[komoditas]], [[mata uang]], dan kontrak berjangka dan kontrak hak beli/jual. Sebuah bursa mempertemukan pembeli dengan penjual tanpa mereka tahu siapa lawan transaksi mereka.\nSering kata \"Bursa\" digunakan secara salah sebagai pasar terorganisir saja tanpa ada penjaminan terhadap kemungkinan gagal janji.\nUntuk mengerti istilah \"Bursa\" dengan lebih jelas, coba pertentangkan istilah ini dengan \"Luar Bursa\" (Over The Counter) \n\n== Etimologi ==\nKata \"bursa\" berasal dari [[bahasa Prancis]] ''bourse'' ({{bhs|Prancis Kuno}}: ''borse'') yang berasal dari nama tempat di [[Bruges]] (Belgia modern) bernama '''Ter Beurze'''. Di tempat itu para pedagang biasa bertemu yang berkembang menjadi bursa yang kita kenal sekarang ini. Kemungkinan yang lain adalah berasal dari nama Van der Burse, yang rumahnya di Bruges menjadi tempat pertemuan para pedagang. Ada pula kemungkinan kata dalam bahasa Prancis tersebut diturunkan dari [[bahasa Latin]] ''bursa'' yang berarti kantong koin atau [[dompet]].\n\n== Referensi ==\n* Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary\n* http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/128089/commodity-exchange\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Bursa efek]] ([[Daftar bursa efek|daftar]])\n* [[Bursa berjangka]] ([[Daftar bursa berjangka|daftar]])\n* [[Bursa komoditi]]\n* [[Bursa valuta asing]]\n* [[Pasar saham]]\n\n[[Kategori:Bursa| ]]\n[[Kategori:Ekonomi]]\n[[Kategori:Pasar]]\n\n[[en:Exchange (organized market)]]","hash":"96bbac80cc6aaf173840bd0830468e5ac7f4ab178395e451827af75f94a3950b","last_revision":"2022-10-07T12:37:42Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T03:59:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:05.976674","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Exchange (organized market)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Bursa adalah sebuah pasar yang sangat terorganisasi: yang mempertemukan pembeli dengan penjual tanpa mereka tahu siapa lawan transaksi mereka. Bursa (terutama) menjadi tempat perdagangan efek, komoditas, mata uang, dan kontrak berjangka dan kontrak hak beli/jual. Sebuah bursa mempertemukan pembeli dengan penjual tanpa mereka tahu siapa lawan transaksi mereka. Sering kata \"Bursa\" digunakan secara salah sebagai pasar terorganisir saja tanpa ada penjaminan terhadap kemungkinan gagal janji. Untuk mengerti istilah \"Bursa\" dengan lebih jelas, coba pertentangkan istilah ini dengan \"Luar Bursa\" (Over The Counter)\n\nKata \"bursa\" berasal dari bahasa Prancis bourse (: borse) yang berasal dari nama tempat di Bruges (Belgia modern) bernama Ter Beurze. Di tempat itu para pedagang biasa bertemu yang berkembang menjadi bursa yang kita kenal sekarang ini. Kemungkinan yang lain adalah berasal dari nama Van der Burse, yang rumahnya di Bruges menjadi tempat pertemuan para pedagang. Ada pula kemungkinan kata dalam bahasa Prancis tersebut diturunkan dari bahasa Latin bursa yang berarti kantong koin atau dompet.\n\nWebster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary\n\nBursa efek (daftar) Bursa berjangka (daftar) Bursa komoditi Bursa valuta asing Pasar saham\n\nKategori:Bursa Kategori:Ekonomi Kategori:Pasar\n\nen:Exchange (organized market)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bursa adalah sebuah pasar yang sangat terorganisasi: yang mempertemukan pembeli dengan penjual tanpa mereka tahu siapa lawan transaksi mereka.","translated_text":"The stock market is a highly organized market: one that connects buyers with sellers without them knowing who is opposing their transaction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bursa (terutama) menjadi tempat perdagangan efek, komoditas, mata uang, dan kontrak berjangka dan kontrak hak beli/jual.","translated_text":"Exchanges (especially) become the place to trade securities, commodities, currencies, and futures contracts and buy/sell rights contracts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah bursa mempertemukan pembeli dengan penjual tanpa mereka tahu siapa lawan transaksi mereka.","translated_text":"An exchange meets a buyer with a seller without them knowing who is opposing their transaction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sering kata \"Bursa\" digunakan secara salah sebagai pasar terorganisir saja tanpa ada penjaminan terhadap kemungkinan gagal janji.","translated_text":"Often the word \"exchange\" is used incorrectly as an organized market only without any guarantee of the possibility of a failure of the pledge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengerti istilah \"Bursa\" dengan lebih jelas, coba pertentangkan istilah ini dengan \"Luar Bursa\" (Over The Counter)","translated_text":"To understand the term \"exchange\" more clearly, try to contrast this term with \"over the counter\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Etimologi","translated_text":"The etymology","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kata \"bursa\" berasal dari bahasa Prancis bourse (: borse) yang berasal dari nama tempat di Bruges (Belgia modern) bernama Ter Beurze.","translated_text":"The word \"bourse\" comes from the French bourse (borse) which comes from the name of a place in Bruges (modern Belgium) named Ter Beurze.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di tempat itu para pedagang biasa bertemu yang berkembang menjadi bursa yang kita kenal sekarang ini.","translated_text":"It was there that ordinary traders met which evolved into the exchange we know today.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemungkinan yang lain adalah berasal dari nama Van der Burse, yang rumahnya di Bruges menjadi tempat pertemuan para pedagang.","translated_text":"Another possibility is derived from the name Van der Burse, whose home in Bruges became a meeting place for merchants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada pula kemungkinan kata dalam bahasa Prancis tersebut diturunkan dari bahasa Latin bursa yang berarti kantong koin atau dompet.","translated_text":"It is also possible that the French word is derived from the Latin word bursa, meaning coin bag or wallet.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary","translated_text":"Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bursa efek (daftar) Bursa berjangka (daftar) Bursa komoditi Bursa valuta asing Pasar saham","translated_text":"Securities exchanges (list) Futures exchanges (list) Commodity exchanges Foreign exchange exchanges Stock markets","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bursa Kategori:Ekonomi Kategori:Pasar","translated_text":"Category:Economics Category:Market and exchange rate","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"en:Exchange (organized market)","translated_text":"en:Exchange (organized market)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Abad IX","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abad ke-1 hingga 10]]","hash":"1aae0bebd53ec183e414ecb827ec47885c0c72025c1d2c971f076366339ea7fe","last_revision":"2014-06-26T07:17:23Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:03:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.451009","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abad ke-1 hingga 10\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abad ke-1 hingga 10","translated_text":"THE 1st to 10th centuries","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abad X","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abad ke-1 hingga 10]]","hash":"1aae0bebd53ec183e414ecb827ec47885c0c72025c1d2c971f076366339ea7fe","last_revision":"2014-06-26T07:14:13Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:03:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.503394","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abad ke-1 hingga 10\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abad ke-1 hingga 10","translated_text":"THE 1st to 10th centuries","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta","wikicode":"{{Kotakinfo perguruantinggi\n |image =UTY.jpg\n |nama=Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta\n |tahun=23 Oktober 2002\n |type=[[Perguruan Tinggi Swasta]]\n |penyelenggara=Yayasan Dharma Bhakti IPTEK\n |rektor='''Dr. Bambang Moertono Setiawan, M.M, Akt, C.A.''' \n |lokasi=[[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]]\n |website=[http://www.uty.ac.id http://www.uty.ac.id]\n |name=University of Technology Yogyakarta\n |established=23 Oktober 2002\n |city=[[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]]\n |img=[[Berkas:UTY.jpg|jmpl|Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta Emblem]]\n}}\n\n'''Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta''' atau biasa disingkat '''UTY''' adalah salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta yang berbentuk universitas di Provinsi [[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]] (DIY), Universitas ini diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan \"Dharma Bhakti IPTEK\", Bediri pada 23 Oktober 2002 dengan penggabungan tiga perguruan tinggi melalui Surat Keterangan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional RI No 237/D/0/2002 tertanggal 23 Oktober 2002.\n\nBerikut adalah tiga perguruan tinggi pendiri Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY):\n# Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Yogyakarta (STIEYO).\n# Akademi Bahasa Asing Yogyakarta (ABAYO).\n# Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Dharma Bangsa.\n\n\n\n== Organisasi Mahasiswa ==\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika (HIMATIKA) UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Psikologi (HIMAPSI) UTY\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Akuntansi (HIMASI) UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Komputer (HIMTEK) UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Industri UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Sistem Informasi UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Sastra Inggris UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Arsitektur (HIMARS) UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen Informatika UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Elektro (HMTE) UTY.\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi UTY\n# Himpunan Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional (HIMAHI) UTY.\n# Resimen Mahasiswa (MENWA) UTY.\n# Panduan Suara Nawarungngi Dasandria (PSM NADA UTY).\n# UKM Teater ADA UTY.\n# Koperasi Mahasiswa (KOPMA) UTY.\n# Pusat Studi Robotika (PSR) UTY.\n# Ikatan Keluarga Mahasiswa Islam (IKMI) UTY.\n# UKM Kerohanian Kristiani UTY.\n# UKM Campoer Seni UTY.\n# UKM Olahraga UTY (Basket, Voli, Futsal | Tim Putra - Tim Putri).\n# Kelompok Studi Pasar Modal UTY.\n# Dan Lain-lain.\n\n== [[Program Studi]] ==\n'''''-Program Diploma'''''\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! '''Program Studi''' !! '''Jenjang''' !! '''Akreditasi'''\n|-\n| Akuntansi || D3 ||A\n|-\n| Sistem Informasi || D3 || A\n|-\n| Bahasa Jepang || D3 || B\n|-\n|Bahasa Inggris\n|D3\n|B\n|-\n|Destinasi Pariwisata\n|D4\n|Baik\n|}\n'''''-Program Sarjana'''''\n{| class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\"\n|-\n! '''Program Studi''' \n|'''Jenjang'''\n|'''Akreditasi'''\n|-\n| Akuntansi || S1 ||A\n|-\n|Manajemen\n|S1\n|A\n|-\n|Sastra Inggris\n|S1\n|A\n|-\n|Informatika\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n|Arsitektur\n|S1\n|A\n|-\n|Teknik Sipil\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n| Teknik Elektro || S1 ||Baik Sekali\n|-\n|Sistem Informasi\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n| Teknik Komputer || S1 ||B\n|-\n|Teknik Industri\n|S1\n|Baik Sekali\n|-\n|Perencanaan Wilayah Kota\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Psikologi\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Ilmu Komunikasi\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Ilmu Hubungan Internasional\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Bimbingan dan Konseling\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Pend. Bahasa Inggris\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n|Pend. Teknologi Informasi\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n| Sains Data || S1 ||Baik\n|-\n| Informatika Medis || S1 ||Baik\n|}\n'''-Program Pascasarjana'''\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! '''Program Studi''' !! '''Jenjang''' !! '''Akreditasi'''\n|-\n| Manajemen || S2 ||A\n|-\n| Teknologi Informasi || S2 ||Baik Sekali\n|-\n| Ilmu Manajemen || S3 ||Baik Sekali\n|}\n\n== Kampus ==\n\nUniversitas Teknologi Yogyakarta memiliki 3 (tiga) kampus, yaitu:\n\n* Kampus 1 : Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Utara), Jombor, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55285\n* Kampus 2 : Jl. Glagahsari No. 63, D.I. Yogyakarta 55164\n* Kampus 3 : Jl. Prof. Soepomo,SH. No. 21, D.I. Yogyakarta 55165\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* Website resmi: [http://www.uty.ac.id/ www.uty.ac.id]\n* Situs PMB : http://pmb.uty.ac.id/\n* Sistem Informasi Akademik : http://sia.uty.ac.id/\n* Twitter resmi: [http://twitter.com/kampus1UTY twitter.com/kampus1UTY] | [http://twitter.com/kampus2uty http://twitter.com/kampus2UTY] | [http://twitter.com/kampus3uty http://twitter.com/kampus3UTY]\n* Referensi : http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ |date=2015-09-23 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]\n{{Perguruan tinggi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|state=collapsed}}\n\n{{universitas-stub}}","hash":"0ab2a8a7a6807259a532bf2d054ef63df971345ff7efaf730dd50b7d9c2161a1","last_revision":"2024-03-26T07:01:39Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:28:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.568522","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta atau biasa disingkat UTY adalah salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta yang berbentuk universitas di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), Universitas ini diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan \"Dharma Bhakti IPTEK\", Bediri pada 23 Oktober 2002 dengan penggabungan tiga perguruan tinggi melalui Surat Keterangan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional RI No 237/D/0/2002 tertanggal 23 Oktober 2002.\n\nBerikut adalah tiga perguruan tinggi pendiri Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY): Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Yogyakarta (STIEYO). Akademi Bahasa Asing Yogyakarta (ABAYO). Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Dharma Bangsa.\n\nHimpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika (HIMATIKA) UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Psikologi (HIMAPSI) UTY Himpunan Mahasiswa Akuntansi (HIMASI) UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Komputer (HIMTEK) UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Industri UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Sistem Informasi UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Sastra Inggris UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Arsitektur (HIMARS) UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen Informatika UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Elektro (HMTE) UTY. Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi UTY Himpunan Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional (HIMAHI) UTY. Resimen Mahasiswa (MENWA) UTY. Panduan Suara Nawarungngi Dasandria (PSM NADA UTY). UKM Teater ADA UTY. Koperasi Mahasiswa (KOPMA) UTY. Pusat Studi Robotika (PSR) UTY. Ikatan Keluarga Mahasiswa Islam (IKMI) UTY. UKM Kerohanian Kristiani UTY. UKM Campoer Seni UTY. UKM Olahraga UTY (Basket, Voli, Futsal | Tim Putra - Tim Putri). Kelompok Studi Pasar Modal UTY. Dan Lain-lain.\n\n-Program Diploma\n\n-Program Sarjana\n\n-Program Pascasarjana\n\nUniversitas Teknologi Yogyakarta memiliki 3 (tiga) kampus, yaitu:\n\nKampus 1 : Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Utara), Jombor, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55285 Kampus 2 : Jl. Glagahsari No. 63, D.I. Yogyakarta 55164 Kampus 3 : Jl. Prof. Soepomo,SH. No. 21, D.I. Yogyakarta 55165\n\nWebsite resmi: www.uty.ac.id Situs PMB : Sistem Informasi Akademik : Twitter resmi: twitter.com/kampus1UTY | http://twitter.com/kampus2UTY | http://twitter.com/kampus3UTY Referensi :\n\nKategori:Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta atau biasa disingkat UTY adalah salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta yang berbentuk universitas di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), Universitas ini diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan \"Dharma Bhakti IPTEK\", Bediri pada 23 Oktober 2002 dengan penggabungan tiga perguruan tinggi melalui Surat Keterangan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional RI No 237/D/0/2002 tertanggal 23 Oktober 2002.","translated_text":"Yogyakarta University of Technology or commonly abbreviated UTY is one of the private colleges forming university in the Special Region Province of Yogyakarta (DIY), the University was organized by the Foundation \"Dharma Bhakti IPTEK\", Founded on 23 October 2002 with the merger of three colleges through the Statement of the Minister of National Education RI No 237/D/0/2002 dated 23 October 2002.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah tiga perguruan tinggi pendiri Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta (UTY):","translated_text":"The following are the three founding colleges of Yogyakarta University of Technology (UTY):","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Yogyakarta (STIEYO).","translated_text":"Yogyakarta Higher School of Economic Sciences (STIEYO).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akademi Bahasa Asing Yogyakarta (ABAYO).","translated_text":"The Yogyakarta Academy of Foreign Languages (ABAYO).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Dharma Bangsa.","translated_text":"High School of Informatics and Computer Management (STMIK) Dharma Nation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Organisasi Mahasiswa","translated_text":"Student organization","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika (HIMATIKA) UTY.","translated_text":"HIMATIKA is a student organization of UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Psikologi (HIMAPSI) UTY Himpunan Mahasiswa Akuntansi (HIMASI) UTY.","translated_text":"HIMAPSI, UTY, HIMASI, UTY, is the largest student organization in the field of accounting.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Komputer (HIMTEK) UTY.","translated_text":"The HIMTEK student body at UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Industri UTY.","translated_text":"The Industrial Engineering Students' Union of UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Sistem Informasi UTY.","translated_text":"This is UTY's Student Information System.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Sastra Inggris UTY.","translated_text":"The English Students' Union of UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Arsitektur (HIMARS) UTY.","translated_text":"The HIMARS architectural students' union at UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen UTY.","translated_text":"The UTY Student Council for Management.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen Informatika UTY.","translated_text":"This is the UTY Computer Science Management Alumni Association.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil UTY.","translated_text":"The Civil Engineering Students' Union of UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Elektro (HMTE) UTY.","translated_text":"The Electrical Engineering Student Union (HMTE) of UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi UTY Himpunan Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional (HIMAHI) UTY.","translated_text":"The HIMAHI is a student organization of UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Resimen Mahasiswa (MENWA) UTY.","translated_text":"Student regiment (MENWA) UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Panduan Suara Nawarungngi Dasandria (PSM NADA UTY).","translated_text":"It's the soundtrack to the soundtrack.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"UKM Teater ADA UTY.","translated_text":"There's a small theater.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Koperasi Mahasiswa (KOPMA) UTY.","translated_text":"The student co-operative (KOPMA) UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pusat Studi Robotika (PSR) UTY.","translated_text":"The Center for Robotics Studies (PSR) at UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ikatan Keluarga Mahasiswa Islam (IKMI) UTY.","translated_text":"Family ties of Islamic Students (IKMI) UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"UKM Kerohanian Kristiani UTY.","translated_text":"It's a Christian spiritual school.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"UKM Campoer Seni UTY.","translated_text":"The Campoer S.C.U. of Art.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"UKM Olahraga UTY (Basket, Voli, Futsal | Tim Putra - Tim Putri).","translated_text":"The boys' and girls' teams.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelompok Studi Pasar Modal UTY.","translated_text":"The Capital Market Study Group at UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan Lain-lain.","translated_text":"And the others.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Program Studi","translated_text":"The Study Program","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-Program Diploma","translated_text":"- The diploma program.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! '''Program Studi''' !! '''Jenjang''' !! '''Akreditasi'''\n|-\n| Akuntansi || D3 ||A\n|-\n| Sistem Informasi || D3 || A\n|-\n| Bahasa Jepang || D3 || B\n|-\n|Bahasa Inggris\n|D3\n|B\n|-\n|Destinasi Pariwisata\n|D4\n|Baik\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-Program Sarjana","translated_text":"- The master's program.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable mw-collapsible\"\n|-\n! '''Program Studi''' \n|'''Jenjang'''\n|'''Akreditasi'''\n|-\n| Akuntansi || S1 ||A\n|-\n|Manajemen\n|S1\n|A\n|-\n|Sastra Inggris\n|S1\n|A\n|-\n|Informatika\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n|Arsitektur\n|S1\n|A\n|-\n|Teknik Sipil\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n| Teknik Elektro || S1 ||Baik Sekali\n|-\n|Sistem Informasi\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n| Teknik Komputer || S1 ||B\n|-\n|Teknik Industri\n|S1\n|Baik Sekali\n|-\n|Perencanaan Wilayah Kota\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Psikologi\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Ilmu Komunikasi\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Ilmu Hubungan Internasional\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Bimbingan dan Konseling\n|S1\n|B\n|-\n|Pend. Bahasa Inggris\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n|Pend. Teknologi Informasi\n|S1\n|Unggul\n|-\n| Sains Data || S1 ||Baik\n|-\n| Informatika Medis || S1 ||Baik\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-Program Pascasarjana","translated_text":"- The graduate program.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! '''Program Studi''' !! '''Jenjang''' !! '''Akreditasi'''\n|-\n| Manajemen || S2 ||A\n|-\n| Teknologi Informasi || S2 ||Baik Sekali\n|-\n| Ilmu Manajemen || S3 ||Baik Sekali\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Kampus","translated_text":"The campus","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta memiliki 3 (tiga) kampus, yaitu:","translated_text":"Yogyakarta University of Technology has three campuses, namely:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kampus 1 : Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Utara), Jombor, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55285 Kampus 2 : Jl. Glagahsari No. 63, D.I. Yogyakarta 55164 Kampus 3 : Jl. Prof","translated_text":"Campus 1 : Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad North), Jombor, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55285 Campus 2 : Jl. Glagahsari No. 63, D.I. Yogyakarta 55164 Campus 3 : Jl. Prof.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":". Soepomo,SH.","translated_text":"Soepomo, sh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"No. 21, D.I. Yogyakarta 55165","translated_text":"No. 21, D.I. Yogyakarta 55165","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Website resmi: www.uty.ac.id Situs PMB : Sistem Informasi Akademik : Twitter resmi: twitter.com/kampus1UTY | http://twitter.com/kampus2UTY | http://twitter.com/kampus3UTY Referensi :","translated_text":"The official website: www.uty.ac.id The official website of the PMB: Academic Information System: The official Twitter: twitter.com/campus1UTY.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ |date=2015-09-23 }}","char_index":182,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.711441-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia","translated_text":":Colleges in Indonesia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Website resmi: www.uty.ac.id Situs PMB : Sistem Informasi Akademik : Twitter resmi: twitter.com/kampus1UTY | http://twitter.com/kampus2UTY | http://twitter.com/kampus3UTY Referensi :","translated_text":"The official website: www.uty.ac.id The official website of the PMB: Academic Information System: The official Twitter: twitter.com/campus1UTY.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ |date=2015-09-23 }}","char_index":182,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:28:58.711441-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Mirah","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mirah delima]]","hash":"cb93169f6bd623781a06af1763c8501d0114a59be1c0eb6c8776a782e18823da","last_revision":"2010-10-25T05:33:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:33:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.627511","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mirah delima\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mirah delima","translated_text":"I'm the fifth","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Schieren, Jerman","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Schieren]]","hash":"1c5f98167f0f356a545afe0785899987ace846686b034e489ebdc56455e6b95b","last_revision":"2010-10-25T05:37:18Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:37:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.683071","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Schieren\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Schieren","translated_text":"It's all about Schieren.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Forward (association football)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Penyerang (sepak bola)]]","hash":"4b5110ad8492c98230f92950fc3eddda9b8eb3c30da4a2d885ab91476fa111dc","last_revision":"2012-08-18T04:39:34Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:42:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.739164","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Penyerang (sepak bola)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Penyerang (sepak bola)","translated_text":"I'm a striker.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Italy national football team","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Tim nasional sepak bola Italia]]\n{{aden}}","hash":"948356da3c3822e2ac827d0c7c9ea276426a86e4dd47b65cdf5b13ede4bf04c8","last_revision":"2021-12-27T11:42:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:44:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.791989","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Tim nasional sepak bola Italia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Tim nasional sepak bola Italia","translated_text":"The Italian national football team","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"A.W.S. Mallaby","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Aubertin Mallaby]]","hash":"e6ecc927c84b7acc93fab19691f49f020937f82ac8b61027af73d85d3d9b29df","last_revision":"2010-10-25T05:52:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T05:52:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.849648","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Aubertin Mallaby\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Aubertin Mallaby","translated_text":"What about Aubertin Mallaby?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Her","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Hercules]]\n|name=Bintang Her\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[Chi Herculis|χ]] • [[2 Herculis|2]] • [[4 Herculis|4]] • [[5 Herculis|5]] • [[Upsilon Herculis|υ]] • [[Kappa Herculis|κ (Marfik)]] • [[8 Herculis|8]] • [[9 Herculis|9]] • [[10 Herculis|10]] • [[Phi Herculis|φ]] • [[12 Herculis|12]] • [[13 Herculis|13]] • [[14 Herculis|14]] • [[15 Herculis|15]] • [[16 Herculis|16]] • [[17 Herculis|17]] • [[18 Herculis|18]] • [[19 Herculis|19]] • [[Gamma Herculis|γ (Biceps)]] • [[21 Herculis|21]] • [[Tau Herculis|τ (Rukbalgethi Shemali)]] • [[Omega Herculis|ω (Cujam)]] • [[25 Herculis|25]] • [[26 Herculis|26]] • [[Beta Herculis|β (Kornephoros)]] • [[28 Herculis|28]] • [[29 Herculis|29]] • [[30 Herculis|30]] • [[31 Herculis|31]] • [[32 Herculis|32]] • [[33 Herculis|33]] • [[34 Herculis|34]] • [[Sigma Herculis|σ]] • [[36 Herculis|36]] • [[37 Herculis|37]] • [[38 Herculis|38]] • [[39 Herculis|39]] • [[Zeta Herculis|ζ (Rutilicus)]] • [[41 Herculis|41]] • [[42 Herculis|42]] • [[43 Herculis|43]] • [[Eta Herculis|η (Sophian)]] • [[45 Herculis|45]] • [[46 Herculis|46]] • [[47 Herculis|47]] • [[48 Herculis|48]] • [[49 Herculis|49]] • [[50 Herculis|50]] • [[51 Herculis|51]] • [[52 Herculis|52]] • [[53 Herculis|53]] • [[54 Herculis|54]] • [[56 Herculis|56]] • [[57 Herculis|57]] • [[Epsilon Herculis|ε (Cujam)]] • [[59 Herculis|59]] • [[60 Herculis|60]] • [[61 Herculis|61]] • [[62 Herculis|62]] • [[63 Herculis|63]] • [[Alpha Herculis|α1 (Rasalgethi)]] • [[Alpha Herculis|α2]] • [[Delta Herculis|δ (Sarin)]] • [[Pi Herculis|π (Fudail)]] • [[68 Herculis|68]] • [[69 Herculis|69]] • [[70 Herculis|70]] • [[72 Herculis|72]] • [[73 Herculis|73]] • [[74 Herculis|74]] • [[Rho Herculis|ρ]] • [[Lambda Herculis|λ (Maasym)]] • [[77 Herculis|77]] • [[78 Herculis|78]] • [[79 Herculis|79]] • [[82 Herculis|82]] • [[83 Herculis|83]] • [[84 Herculis|84]] • [[Iota Herculis|ι (Rijl al Jathiyah)]] • [[Mu Herculis|μ (Melkarth)]] • [[87 Herculis|87]] • [[88 Herculis|88]] • [[89 Herculis|89]] • [[90 Herculis|90]] • [[Theta Herculis|θ (Rukbalgethi Genubi)]] • [[Xi Herculis|ξ (Beraka)]] • [[93 Herculis|93]] • [[Nu Herculis|ν]] • [[95 Herculis|95 (Po Too)]] • [[96 Herculis|96]] • [[97 Herculis|97]] • [[98 Herculis|98 (Too Sze)]] • [[99 Herculis|99]] • [[100 Herculis|100]] • [[101 Herculis|101]] • [[102 Herculis|102 (Po Too)]] • [[Omicron Herculis|ο (Atia)]] • [[104 Herculis|104]] • [[105 Herculis|105]] • [[106 Herculis|106]] • [[107 Herculis|107]] • [[108 Herculis|108]] • [[109 Herculis|109 (Cladus)]] • [[110 Herculis|110 (Zhong)]] • [[111 Herculis|111 (Zhong)]] • [[112 Herculis|112]] • [[113 Herculis|113]]\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Hercules|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"7822499a551b876fc176390ac9012070677195512037173a808e34e274714c60","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:15Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T06:28:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.918432","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Peperangan laut","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Luny Thomas Battle Of The Nile August 1st 1798 At 10pm.jpg|jmpl|300px|Kapal tempur Prancis ''Orient'' terbakar, [[1 Agustus]] [[1798]] dalam [[Pertempuran Sungai Nil]].]]\n\n'''Pertempuran maritim''' atau '''peperangan laut''' adalah sebuah adegan [[pertempuran]] yang berlangsung dengan menggunakan [[perahu]], [[kapal]] atau kapal lainnya yang melalui air. Sebagian besar pertempuran laut telah terjadi di [[laut]], tetapi beberapa telah terjadi pada [[danau]] atau [[sungai]]. Pertempuran laut paling awal tercatat terjadi pada tahun [[1210 SM]] di dekat [[Siprus]]. Ada beberapa pertempuran laut besar yang signifikan sejak [[Perang Dunia II]], karena angkatan laut telah mengambil peran kepolisian yang lebih besar, melakukan operasi pencarian dan pertolongan, memberikan [[sanksi perdagangan]], dan melawan [[pembajakan]] dan [[penyelundupan]].\n\nMeskipun sifat dari kapal yang terlibat dalam pertempuran telah berubah drastis, dari [[trireme]] ke [[kapal layar]] ke [[kapal perang]], [[kapal selam]] dan [[kapal induk]], banyak [[Taktik Angkatan Laut|prinsip taktisnya]] yang tetap sama, seperti pentingnya manuver yang tepat sebelum pertempuran, dan keinginan untuk menghindar / lolos daripada mempertaruhkan hilangnya sebuah armada lengkap.\n\nAda beberapa pertempuran maritim besar yang dapat disebut [[pertempuran laut terbesar dalam sejarah|pertempuran laut terbesar sepanjang masa]].\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Daftar pertempuran laut]]\n* [[Tindakan Single-kapal|Daftar tindakan tunggal-kapal]]\n* [[Sejarah Angkatan Laut]]\n* [[Kapal Angkatan Laut]]\n\n{{Sistem senjata angkatan laut}}\n{{militer-stub}}\n{{Angkatan-Laut-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Peperangan laut]]\n[[Kategori:Angkatan laut]]\n[[Kategori:Militer]]","hash":"6c3c16428de51d881e6b358c53fff88cd12b3d2d9700e569b560dbb6cac9d6df","last_revision":"2023-04-01T17:37:53Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T06:39:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:06.979997","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"حرب بحرية","ast":"Guerra naval","bg":"Военноморско дело","ca":"Guerra naval","ckb":"شەڕی دەریایی","da":"Søkrig","de":"Seekrieg","en":"Naval warfare","eo":"Marmilito","es":"Guerra naval","et":"Meresõda","eu":"Itsas gerra","fa":"جنگ دریایی","fi":"Merisodankäynti","fr":"Guerre navale","gl":"Guerra naval","gn":"Ñorairõ ýpe","he":"לוחמה ימית","hi":"समुद्री युद्ध","hy":"Ծովամարտ","ja":"海戦","ko":"해전","la":"Bellum maritimum","ms":"Peperangan laut","nl":"Zeeoorlogvoering","nb":"Sjøkrig","oc":"Guèrra navala","pt":"Guerra naval","ro":"Război naval","ru":"Война на море","simple":"Naval warfare","sq":"Lufta detare","sr":"Mornaričko ratovanje","sv":"Sjökrigföring","tr":"Deniz savaşı","uk":"Морська війна","ur":"بحری جنگ","vi":"Hải chiến","zh":"海战","zh-yue":"海戰"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Pertempuran maritim atau peperangan laut adalah sebuah adegan pertempuran yang berlangsung dengan menggunakan perahu, kapal atau kapal lainnya yang melalui air. Sebagian besar pertempuran laut telah terjadi di laut, tetapi beberapa telah terjadi pada danau atau sungai. Pertempuran laut paling awal tercatat terjadi pada tahun 1210 SM di dekat Siprus. Ada beberapa pertempuran laut besar yang signifikan sejak Perang Dunia II, karena angkatan laut telah mengambil peran kepolisian yang lebih besar, melakukan operasi pencarian dan pertolongan, memberikan sanksi perdagangan, dan melawan pembajakan dan penyelundupan.\n\nMeskipun sifat dari kapal yang terlibat dalam pertempuran telah berubah drastis, dari trireme ke kapal layar ke kapal perang, kapal selam dan kapal induk, banyak prinsip taktisnya yang tetap sama, seperti pentingnya manuver yang tepat sebelum pertempuran, dan keinginan untuk menghindar / lolos daripada mempertaruhkan hilangnya sebuah armada lengkap.\n\nAda beberapa pertempuran maritim besar yang dapat disebut pertempuran laut terbesar sepanjang masa.\n\nDaftar pertempuran laut Daftar tindakan tunggal-kapal Sejarah Angkatan Laut Kapal Angkatan Laut\n\nKategori:Peperangan laut Kategori:Angkatan laut Kategori:Militer\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pertempuran maritim atau peperangan laut adalah sebuah adegan pertempuran yang berlangsung dengan menggunakan perahu, kapal atau kapal lainnya yang melalui air.","translated_text":"A naval battle or naval battle is a battle scene that takes place using a boat, ship or other vessel that passes through water.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar pertempuran laut telah terjadi di laut, tetapi beberapa telah terjadi pada danau atau sungai.","translated_text":"Most sea battles have taken place at sea, but some have taken place on lakes or rivers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertempuran laut paling awal tercatat terjadi pada tahun 1210 SM di dekat Siprus.","translated_text":"The earliest recorded sea battle took place in 1210 B.C.E. near Cyprus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada beberapa pertempuran laut besar yang signifikan sejak Perang Dunia II, karena angkatan laut telah mengambil peran kepolisian yang lebih besar, melakukan operasi pencarian dan pertolongan, memberikan sanksi perdagangan, dan melawan pembajakan dan penyelundupan.","translated_text":"There have been several major naval battles since World War II, as the Navy has taken on a larger police role, conducted search and rescue operations, imposed trade sanctions, and fought piracy and smuggling.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meskipun sifat dari kapal yang terlibat dalam pertempuran telah berubah drastis, dari trireme ke kapal layar ke kapal perang, kapal selam dan kapal induk, banyak prinsip taktisnya yang tetap sama, seperti pentingnya manuver yang tepat sebelum pertempuran, dan keinginan untuk menghindar / lolos daripada mempertaruhkan hilangnya sebuah armada lengkap.","translated_text":"Although the nature of the ships involved in battle has changed drastically, from trireme to sailing ships to warships, submarines and aircraft carriers, many of its tactical principles remain the same, such as the importance of proper maneuvers before battle, and the desire to avoid/escape rather than risk the loss of a complete fleet.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ada beberapa pertempuran maritim besar yang dapat disebut pertempuran laut terbesar sepanjang masa.","translated_text":"There have been some great maritime battles that can be called the greatest maritime battles of all time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daftar pertempuran laut Daftar tindakan tunggal-kapal Sejarah Angkatan Laut Kapal Angkatan Laut","translated_text":"List of naval battles List of single-ship actions History of the Navy","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Peperangan laut Kategori:Angkatan laut Kategori:Militer","translated_text":":Sea wars Category:Navy Category:Military","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pertempuran laut","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Peperangan laut]]","hash":"65e8d3f14c1856770391c2405669c9c714d4739df4989fdbbe8da73c5b07cb8b","last_revision":"2022-10-17T03:43:16Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T06:40:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.035152","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Peperangan laut\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Peperangan laut","translated_text":"THE Battle of the Sea","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Freundel Stuart","wikicode":"{{Infobox Officeholder\n|honorific-prefix = {{small|[[The Right Honourable]]}}\n|name = Freundel Stuart\n|honorific-suffix = {{small|[[Penasehat Ratu|QC]] [[Anggota Parlemen|MP]]}}\n|image = Freundel Stuart.jpg\n|office = [[Perdana Menteri Barbados]] ke-7\n|monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]\n|governor_general = [[Clifford Husbands]]
[[Sandra Mason]] {{small|(Penjabat)}}
[[Elliott Belgrave]]
[[Philip Greaves]] {{small|(Penjabat)}}
[[Sandra Mason]]\n|term_start = 23 Oktober 2010\n|term_end = 25 Mei 2018\n|predecessor = [[David Thompson]]\n|successor = [[Mia Mottley]]\n|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|4|27|df=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Saint Philip, Barbados|Saint Philip]], [[Barbados]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|profession = [[Pengacara]]\n|party = [[Partai Buruh Demokratik (Barbados)|Partai Buruh Demokratik]]\n|alma_mater = [[Universitas Hindia Barat]]\n}}\n'''Freundel Jerome Stuart''' ({{lahirmati||27|4|1951}})[{{cite web |url=http://www.caribbeanconference.org/speakers.php |title=Caribbean MBA Conference |publisher=Caribbeanconference.org |date= |accessdate=2013-02-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104071038/http://www.caribbeanconference.org/speakers.php |archivedate=2013-01-04 |df= }}][{{cite web |url=http://www.gisbarbados.gov.bb/index.php?categoryid=43 |title=BGIS Media - Biography - Deputy Prime Minister |publisher=Gisbarbados.gov.bb |date= |accessdate=2013-02-23 |archive-date=2010-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326224706/http://www.gisbarbados.gov.bb/index.php?categoryid=43 |dead-url=no }}] adalah seorang politikus Barbados yang pernah menjabat sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Barbados]] yang ketujuh dari tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 hingga 25 Mei 2018.[{{cite news|title=Breaking News: Cabinet members to be re-confirmed this afternoon|author=Staff writers|first=|last=|authorlink=|authorlink2=|url=http://www.barbadosadvocate.com/newsitem.asp?more=local&NewsID=13545|format=|agency=|newspaper=[[The Barbados Advocate]]|publisher=|location=|isbn=|issn=|oclc=|pmid=|pmd=|bibcode=|doi=|id=|date=23 October 2010|page=|pages=|at=|accessdate=23 October 2010|language=English|trans_title=|quote=11:56 a.m. – The newly sworn in Prime Minister of Barbados, Freundel Stuart, has announced that in accordance with protocol, Cabinet members will be reconfirmed in their positions during a swearing in ceremony this afternoon at 3 p.m.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311121239/http://www.barbadosadvocate.com/newsitem.asp?more=local&NewsID=13545|archivedate=2012-03-11|ref=|dead-url=yes}}][{{cite news|title=Stuart sworn in Prime Minister|author=Staff writer|first=|last=|authorlink=|authorlink2=|url=http://www.nationnews.com/index.php/articles/view/stuart-sworn-in-prime-minister/|format=|agency=|newspaper=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|Nation Newspaper]]|publisher=|location=|isbn=|issn=|oclc=|pmid=|pmd=|bibcode=|doi=|id=|date=23 October 2010|page=|pages=|at=|accessdate=23 October 2010|language=English|trans_title=|quote=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|ref=}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}] Ia menggantikan [[David Thompson]], yang meninggal pada tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 akibat [[kanker]] pankreas\n.[{{cite news|title=URGENT-BARBADOS-DEATH-Barbados Prime Minister David Thompson is dead|author=Staff writer|first=|last=|authorlink=|authorlink2=|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html|format=|agency=[[Caribbean News Agency|Caribbean News Agency (CANA)]]|newspaper=|publisher=|location=|isbn=|issn=|oclc=|pmid=|pmd=|bibcode=|doi=|id=|date=|page=|pages=|at=|accessdate=23 October 2010|language=English|trans_title=|quote=Deputy Prime Minister Fruendel Stuart notified members of the Cabinet of the prime minister’s death during the early hours of Saturday.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026145443/http://cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html|archivedate=2010-10-26|ref=|dead-url=yes}}][{{cite web|url=http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn|title=New Barbados PM to be sworn in|date=23 October 2010|publisher=RJR News|accessdate=23 October 2010|archive-date=2010-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026072507/http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn|dead-url=yes}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.dlpbarbados.org The Democratic Labour Party] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908052628/http://www.dlpbarbados.org/ |date=2008-09-08 }}\n** [http://www.dlpbarbados.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=56 Profile of Freundel Stuart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821165653/http://www.dlpbarbados.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=56 |date=2007-08-21 }}\n\n{{S-start}}\n{{S-off}}\n{{S-bef|before=[[David Thompson]]}}\n{{S-ttl|title=[[Perdana Menteri Barbados]]|years=2010–2018}}\n{{S-aft|after=[[Mia Mottley]]}}\n{{S-end}}\n{{Perdana Menteri Barbados}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Barbados]]\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Barbados}}","hash":"fbed48522ca83391360f5e238d6386f0545ae21e9ef9cf867cef28a1628b48da","last_revision":"2023-07-25T23:54:46Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T06:45:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.091216","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"فرونديل ستيوارت","ast":"Freundel Stuart","ca":"Freundel Stuart","da":"Freundel Stuart","de":"Freundel Stuart","el":"Φρέντελ Στούαρτ","en":"Freundel Stuart","eo":"Freundel Stuart","es":"Freundel Stuart","et":"Freundel Stuart","fa":"فروندل استوارت","fi":"Freundel Stuart","fr":"Freundel Stuart","hu":"Freundel Stuart","io":"Freundel Stuart","it":"Freundel Stuart","ja":"フローンデル・スチュアート","ka":"ფრეინდელ სტიუარტი","ko":"프룬델 스튜어트","la":"Freundel Stuart","lb":"Freundel Stuart","ms":"Freundel Stuart","nl":"Freundel Stuart","nb":"Freundel Stuart","oc":"Freundel Stuart","pl":"Freundel Stuart","pt":"Freundel Stuart","ru":"Стюарт, Фрейндель","simple":"Freundel Stuart","sv":"Freundel Stuart","tr":"Freundel Stuart","uk":"Фріндел Стюарт","yo":"Freundel Stuart","zh":"弗罗因德尔·斯图亚特"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Freundel Jerome Stuart () adalah seorang politikus Barbados yang pernah menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Barbados yang ketujuh dari tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 hingga 25 Mei 2018. Ia menggantikan David Thompson, yang meninggal pada tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 akibat kanker pankreas .\n\nThe Democratic Labour Party Profile of Freundel Stuart\n\nKategori:Perdana Menteri Barbados\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Officeholder\n|honorific-prefix = {{small|[[The Right Honourable]]}}\n|name = Freundel Stuart\n|honorific-suffix = {{small|[[Penasehat Ratu|QC]] [[Anggota Parlemen|MP]]}}\n|image = Freundel Stuart.jpg\n|office = [[Perdana Menteri Barbados]] ke-7\n|monarch = [[Elizabeth II]]\n|governor_general = [[Clifford Husbands]]
[[Sandra Mason]] {{small|(Penjabat)}}
[[Elliott Belgrave]]
[[Philip Greaves]] {{small|(Penjabat)}}
[[Sandra Mason]]\n|term_start = 23 Oktober 2010\n|term_end = 25 Mei 2018\n|predecessor = [[David Thompson]]\n|successor = [[Mia Mottley]]\n|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|4|27|df=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Saint Philip, Barbados|Saint Philip]], [[Barbados]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|profession = [[Pengacara]]\n|party = [[Partai Buruh Demokratik (Barbados)|Partai Buruh Demokratik]]\n|alma_mater = [[Universitas Hindia Barat]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Freundel Jerome Stuart () adalah seorang politikus Barbados yang pernah menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Barbados yang ketujuh dari tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 hingga 25 Mei 2018.","translated_text":"Freundel Jerome Stuart () is a Barbadian politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Barbados from 23 October 2010 to 25 May 2018.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.caribbeanconference.org/speakers.php |title=Caribbean MBA Conference 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politikus Barbados yang pernah menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Barbados yang ketujuh dari tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 hingga 25 Mei 2018. Ia menggantikan David Thompson, yang meninggal pada tanggal 23 Oktober 2010 akibat kanker pankreas .","translated_text":"Freundel Jerome Stuart () is a Barbadian politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Barbados from 23 October 2010 to 25 May 2018. He succeeded David Thompson, who died on 23 October 2010 from pancreatic cancer.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|title=URGENT-BARBADOS-DEATH-Barbados Prime Minister David Thompson is dead|author=Staff writer|first=|last=|authorlink=|authorlink2=|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html|format=|agency=[[Caribbean News Agency|Caribbean News Agency (CANA)]]|newspaper=|publisher=|location=|isbn=|issn=|oclc=|pmid=|pmd=|bibcode=|doi=|id=|date=|page=|pages=|at=|accessdate=23 October 2010|language=English|trans_title=|quote=Deputy Prime Minister Fruendel Stuart notified members of the Cabinet of the prime minister’s death during the early hours of Saturday.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026145443/http://cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html|archivedate=2010-10-26|ref=|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":276,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:10.399015-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"Deputy Prime Minister Fruendel Stuart notified members of the Cabinet of the prime minister’s death during the early hours of Saturday.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|title=URGENT-BARBADOS-DEATH-Barbados Prime Minister David Thompson is dead|author=Staff writer|first=|last=|authorlink=|authorlink2=|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html|format=|agency=[[Caribbean News Agency|Caribbean News Agency (CANA)]]|newspaper=|publisher=|location=|isbn=|issn=|oclc=|pmid=|pmd=|bibcode=|doi=|id=|date=|page=|pages=|at=|accessdate=23 October 2010|language=English|trans_title=|quote=Deputy Prime Minister Fruendel Stuart notified members of the Cabinet of the prime minister’s death during the early hours of Saturday.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026145443/http://cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html|archivedate=2010-10-26|ref=|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":276,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101026145443/http://cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/54385/2010-10-23.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:10.602951-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"Deputy Prime Minister Fruendel Stuart notified members of the Cabinet of the prime minister’s death during the early hours of Saturday.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn|title=New Barbados PM to be sworn in|date=23 October 2010|publisher=RJR News|accessdate=23 October 2010|archive-date=2010-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026072507/http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":276,"name":"PM","url":"http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1130,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:10.670664-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn|title=New Barbados PM to be sworn in|date=23 October 2010|publisher=RJR News|accessdate=23 October 2010|archive-date=2010-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026072507/http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":276,"name":"PM","url":"http://rjrnewsonline.com/news/regional/new-barbados-pm-be-sworn","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1130,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:10.670664-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"The Democratic Labour Party Profile of Freundel Stuart","translated_text":"The Democratic Labour Party Profile of Freundel Stuart","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908052628/http://www.dlpbarbados.org/ |date=2008-09-08 }}","char_index":28,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080908052628/http://www.dlpbarbados.org/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:10.872807-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821165653/http://www.dlpbarbados.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=56 |date=2007-08-21 }}","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070821165653/http://www.dlpbarbados.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=56","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:10.941351-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Hor","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Horologium]]\n|name=Bintang Hor\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[Lambda Horologii|λ]] • [[Eta Horologii|η]] • [[Zeta Horologii|ζ]] • [[Iota Horologii|ι]] • [[Gamma Horologii|γ]] • [[Nu Horologii|ν]] • [[Beta Horologii|β]] • [[Mu Horologii|μ]] • [[Delta Horologii|δ]] • [[Alpha Horologii|α]]\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Horologium|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"7b62d9b7466b131081872ca31e7854d51472f29e40c9448c31147852b83d973b","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:18Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T06:47:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.142506","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"UltraISO","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = UltraISO\n| screenshot = [[Berkas:Interface UltraISO 9.3.6.2750.jpg|250px]]\n| caption = Tampilan UltraISO versi 9.3.6.2750 yang dijalankan pada [[Windows 7]]\n| developer = EZB System, Inc.\n| latest release version = 9.7.6.3860\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2023|07|08}}\n| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]]\n| genre = [[Virtual drive]], [[Image tools]]\n| license = Commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary]]\n| website = [http://www.ezbsystems.com/ www.ezbsystems.com]\n}}\n\n'''UltraISO''' adalah sebuah [[perangkat lunak]] utilitas ISO CD/DVD Image,buatan ''EZB Systems, Inc.'' yang dapat membuat salinan data CD dan DVD persis seperti aslinya (''image'') serta mampu menangani 46 jenis format salinan data yang berbeda. Program ini juga dapat melakukan berbagai macam [[konversi berkas]], misalnya mengubah lagu berformat CDDA menjadi MP3.\n\nSalah satu keunikan program ini adalah dapat mengubah informasi ''metadata'' sebuah media salinan (''image'') ataupun berkas (''file'') yang ada, baik sebagian maupun secara keseluruhan. Selain itu juga mendukung antarmuka 42 [[bahasa nasional|bahasa]] dari berbagai negara di dunia termasuk [[Bahasa Indonesia]].\n\n== Perbaikan fitur dan menu utama ==\n\n''EZB Systems, Inc.'' telah merilis varian terbaru UltraISO, yaitu versi 9.3.6.2750 pada tanggal 8 Februari 2010 dengan perbaikan sebagai berikut:\n\n* Penyempurnaan pembuatan salinan ''Live CD'' untuk menjalankan [[Ubuntu]] versi 9.10 dengan menggunakan media ''USB [[flashdisk]]''.\n* Dapat membuat ''bootable system'' pada ''[[harddisk]]'' eksternal yang memiliki lebih dari 1 partisi.\n* Dapat menangani informasi CD TEXT pada salinan berformat C2D.\n* Tampilan yang menunjukkan sisa waktu pada saat membakar data pada CD atau DVD.\n* Telah mendukung media dengan kapasitas penyimpanan hingga 25 GB (''Blue Ray'' atau HD DVD media dengan ''layer'' tunggal) dan 50 GB (''Blue Ray'' atau HD DVD media dengan ''layer'' ganda).\n* Dapat mendeteksi dan menggunakan ''virtual CD'' atau DVD yang dibuat oleh program ''Daemon'' versi 4.35 dan ''Alcohol 120%'' versi 2.00.\n* Perbaikan ''mounting multiple ISOs'' menjadi ''virtual drive'' dengan menggunakan modul ''isocmd.exe''.\n\nMenu utama pada program ini terdiri atas:\n\n* ''File''\n* ''Actions''\n* ''Bootable''\n* ''Tools''\n* ''Options''\n* ''Help''\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Nero Burning ROM]]\n* [[PowerISO]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{en}} http://www.ezbsystems.com\n{{Optical disc image software}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak]]\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]\n\n\n{{software-stub}}","hash":"6a8cb38c2008dc1c3e63d96b4f04fb0d4eb971435fe60d2e8302e4819cbc976a","last_revision":"2023-09-02T09:10:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T07:17:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.199931","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أولترا إيزو","da":"UltraISO","en":"UltraISO","es":"UltraISO","fa":"اولترا ایزو","fr":"UltraISO","it":"UltraISO","ko":"울트라ISO","pl":"UltraISO","ru":"UltraISO","tr":"UltraISO","uk":"UltraISO","vi":"UltraISO","zh":"UltraISO"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"UltraISO adalah sebuah perangkat lunak utilitas ISO CD/DVD Image,buatan EZB Systems, Inc. yang dapat membuat salinan data CD dan DVD persis seperti aslinya (image) serta mampu menangani 46 jenis format salinan data yang berbeda. Program ini juga dapat melakukan berbagai macam konversi berkas, misalnya mengubah lagu berformat CDDA menjadi MP3.\n\nSalah satu keunikan program ini adalah dapat mengubah informasi metadata sebuah media salinan (image) ataupun berkas (file) yang ada, baik sebagian maupun secara keseluruhan. Selain itu juga mendukung antarmuka 42 bahasa dari berbagai negara di dunia termasuk Bahasa Indonesia.\n\nEZB Systems, Inc. telah merilis varian terbaru UltraISO, yaitu versi 9.3.6.2750 pada tanggal 8 Februari 2010 dengan perbaikan sebagai berikut:\n\nPenyempurnaan pembuatan salinan Live CD untuk menjalankan Ubuntu versi 9.10 dengan menggunakan media USB flashdisk. Dapat membuat bootable system pada harddisk eksternal yang memiliki lebih dari 1 partisi. Dapat menangani informasi CD TEXT pada salinan berformat C2D. Tampilan yang menunjukkan sisa waktu pada saat membakar data pada CD atau DVD. Telah mendukung media dengan kapasitas penyimpanan hingga 25 GB (Blue Ray atau HD DVD media dengan layer tunggal) dan 50 GB (Blue Ray atau HD DVD media dengan layer ganda). Dapat mendeteksi dan menggunakan virtual CD atau DVD yang dibuat oleh program Daemon versi 4.35 dan Alcohol 120% versi 2.00. Perbaikan mounting multiple ISOs menjadi virtual drive dengan menggunakan modul isocmd.exe.\n\nMenu utama pada program ini terdiri atas:\n\nFile Actions Bootable Tools Options Help\n\nNero Burning ROM PowerISO\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = UltraISO\n| screenshot = [[Berkas:Interface UltraISO 9.3.6.2750.jpg|250px]]\n| caption = Tampilan UltraISO versi 9.3.6.2750 yang dijalankan pada [[Windows 7]]\n| developer = EZB System, Inc.\n| latest release version = 9.7.6.3860\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2023|07|08}}\n| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]]\n| genre = [[Virtual drive]], [[Image tools]]\n| license = Commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary]]\n| website = [http://www.ezbsystems.com/ www.ezbsystems.com]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"UltraISO adalah sebuah perangkat lunak utilitas ISO CD/DVD Image,buatan EZB Systems, Inc. yang dapat membuat salinan data CD dan DVD persis seperti aslinya (image) serta mampu menangani 46 jenis format salinan data yang berbeda.","translated_text":"UltraISO is an ISO CD/DVD Image utility software developed by EZB Systems, Inc. that can make copies of CD and DVD data exactly as the original (image) and is capable of handling 46 different types of data copy formats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Program ini juga dapat melakukan berbagai macam konversi berkas, misalnya mengubah lagu berformat CDDA menjadi MP3.","translated_text":"The program can also perform a variety of file conversions, such as converting CDDA-formatted songs to MP3.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salah satu keunikan program ini adalah dapat mengubah informasi metadata sebuah media salinan (image) ataupun berkas (file) yang ada, baik sebagian maupun secara keseluruhan.","translated_text":"One of the unique features of this program is that it can transform the metadata information of an existing image or file, either partially or as a whole.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu juga mendukung antarmuka 42 bahasa dari berbagai negara di dunia termasuk Bahasa Indonesia.","translated_text":"It also supports the interface of 42 languages from different countries of the world including Indonesian.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perbaikan fitur dan menu utama","translated_text":"Major feature and menu improvements","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"EZB Systems, Inc. telah merilis varian terbaru UltraISO, yaitu versi 9.3.6.2750 pada tanggal 8 Februari 2010 dengan perbaikan sebagai berikut:","translated_text":"EZB Systems, Inc. has released the latest version of UltraISO, version 9.3.6.2750 on February 8, 2010 with the following improvements:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penyempurnaan pembuatan salinan Live CD untuk menjalankan Ubuntu versi 9.10 dengan menggunakan media USB flashdisk.","translated_text":"Perfection of making a copy of the Live CD to run Ubuntu version 9.10 using the USB flash drive media.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dapat membuat bootable system pada harddisk eksternal yang memiliki lebih dari 1 partisi.","translated_text":"You can create a bootable system on an external hard drive that has more than one partition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dapat menangani informasi CD TEXT pada salinan berformat C2D. Tampilan yang menunjukkan sisa waktu pada saat membakar data pada CD atau DVD.","translated_text":"Can handle CD TEXT information on C2D-formatted copies. Display that shows the remaining time at the time of burning data on CD or DVD.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Telah mendukung media dengan kapasitas penyimpanan hingga 25 GB (Blue Ray atau HD DVD media dengan layer tunggal) dan 50 GB (Blue Ray atau HD DVD media dengan layer ganda).","translated_text":"It supports media with storage capacity of up to 25 GB (Blue Ray or HD DVD media with a single layer) and 50 GB (Blue Ray or HD DVD media with a double layer).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dapat mendeteksi dan menggunakan virtual CD atau DVD yang dibuat oleh program Daemon versi 4.35 dan Alcohol 120% versi 2.00.","translated_text":"Can detect and use virtual CDs or DVDs created by Daemon version 4.35 and Alcohol 120% version 2.00.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perbaikan mounting multiple ISOs menjadi virtual drive dengan menggunakan modul isocmd.exe.","translated_text":"Repair mounting multiple ISOs to a virtual drive using the isocmd.exe module.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menu utama pada program ini terdiri atas:","translated_text":"The main menu of the program consists of:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"File Actions Bootable Tools Options Help","translated_text":"File Actions Bootable tools Options Help","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nero Burning ROM PowerISO","translated_text":"The Nero Burning ROM is PowerISO","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows","translated_text":":Software Category:Windows software","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pencarian","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bantuan:Pencarian]]","hash":"9cfc77d3d3bd16b28af2d1a810bd00ba633e64f580e78da672c2be0d9b0be853","last_revision":"2017-05-18T12:12:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T07:46:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.269947","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bantuan:Pencarian\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bantuan:Pencarian","translated_text":"GOOD Help: Searching","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Templat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Tl]]","hash":"526403f25f07c450f4cc5e07d48f5406a31e5c1c9d5827cd9241ecb8f98de5f3","last_revision":"2012-06-19T05:45:17Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T07:50:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.329025","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Tl\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Tl","translated_text":"What are you talking about?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Aksara Bengali","wikicode":"{{Multiple issues|\n{{More footnotes|date=November 2021}}\n{{EngvarB|date=Oktober 2021}}}}\n{{Infobox writing system\n| altname = বাংলা লিপি\n| type = [[Abugida]]\n| SHline =\n| typedesc =\n| languages = [[Bahasa Bengali|Bengali]], [[Bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskerta]], [[Bahasa Khasi|Khasi]],[{{cite web |title=ScriptSource - Khasi |url=https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=language_detail&key=kha |website=scriptsource.org |access-date=21 September 2021}}] [[Bqhasa Kurmali|Kudmali]]\n| official script = \n| region = [[Benggala]]\n| time = Abad ke-11–sekarang[\n{{Cite web |url=http://www.ancientscripts.com/bengali.html |title=Ancient Scripts |access-date=20 Maret 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116142505/http://ancientscripts.com/bengali.html |archive-date=16 November 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}]\n|fam1={{hipotesis abjad aram-brahmi}}\n|fam2=[[Aksara Gupta|Gupta]]\n |fam3=[[Aksara Siddhaṃ|Siddham]]\n|fam4=[[Aksara Gaudi|Gaudi]][{{cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Peter T. |year=2008 |chapter=Writing systems of major and minor languages |editor1-last=Kachru |editor1-first=Braj B. |editor2-last=Kachru |editor2-first=Yamuna |editor3-last=Sridhar |editor3-first=S. N. |title=Languages in South Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/languageinsoutha0000unse |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/languageinsoutha0000unse/page/n310 285]–308 |isbn=978-0-521-78141-1}}]\n| print =\n| sisters = [[Aksara Assam|Assam]] dan [[Tirhuta]]\n| children =\n| sample = Bangla Lipi.svg\n| imagesize = 250px\n| unicode =[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf U+0980–U+09FF]\n| iso15924 = Beng\n| iso15924 note =\n| note =\n}}\n{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}\n{{Brahmik}}\n'''Aksara Bengali''' ({{lang-bn|বাংলা লিপি}}, ''Bangla lipi'', {{IPA-bn|ˈbaŋla lipi}}); atau '''Alfabet Bengali''' ({{lang-bn|বাংলা বর্ণমালা}}, ''Bangla bôrṇômala'') adalah [[alfabet|aksara]] yang digunakan untuk menuliskan [[bahasa Bengali]] didasarkan pada [[aksara Bengali-Assam]], dan secara historis telah digunakan untuk menulis [[bahasa Sansekerta]] dalam Beng. Aksara ini adalah salah satu sistem penulisan yang paling banyak diadopsi di dunia (digunakan oleh lebih dari 265 juta orang).[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]\n\nDari sudut pandang klasifikasi, sistem penulisan Bengali adalah abugida, yaitu grafem vokalnya terutama diwujudkan bukan sebagai huruf independen, tetapi sebagai diakritik yang memodifikasi vokal yang melekat pada huruf dasar yang ditambahkan. Sistem penulisan Bengali ditulis dari kiri ke kanan dan menggunakan huruf besar tunggal, yang membuatnya menjadi aksara monokameral, berbeda dengan aksara bikameral seperti [[alfabet Latin]]. Hal ini dikenali, seperti lainnya [[aksara Brahmi]], dengan garis horizontal khas dikenal sebagai ''matra'' (মাত্রা) berjalan di sepanjang bagian atas huruf yang menghubungkannya. Namun, sistem penulisan Bengali tidak terlalu kaku dan menampilkan bentuk yang lebih berliku-liku daripada [[aksara Dewanagari]].[George Cardona dan Danesh Jain ([[2003]]), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415772945}}]\n\n== Sejarah ==\nAksara Bengali sangat mirip dengan [[Devanagari|Aksara Dewanagari]] dalam [[Bahasa Hindi]] dan sama-sama berasal dari [[rumpun aksara Brahmi]]; namun, aksara Bengali mulai berdiri sebagai aksara yang dominan sejak abad ke-11. [[Aksara Brahmi]] berkembang pada masa pemerintahan [[Asoka]], dan bentuknya yang sekarang telah tercatat pada tahun 1778 dan pada abad ke-19.\n\nAbugida ini berkembang dari sistem penulisan India Kuno yang menorehkan tinta di atas daun lontar dan dimulai sejak zaman pemerintahan Raja Asoka pada abad ke-3 SM.\n\nAksara Bengali sendiri berkembang dari varian timur huruf Brahmi yang disebut [[Kutilalipi]], dan mulai berkembang sejak abad ke-7 M. Huruf-huruf Bengali berbentuk lebih runcing dan ujung yang tajam daripada huruf Devanagari meski 2 aksara ini mempunyai matra di atasnya, sedangkan tulisan Bengali cetak untuk pertama kalinya digunakan pada buku ‘A Grammar of the Bengal Language’ ({{lang-bn|Tatabahasa Bahasa Bengal}}) karya N.B Halhed pada tahun 1778. Pada tahun 1785, Warren Hastings meminta warga lainnya, yakni Charles Wilkins untuk membuat versi cetak huruf Bengali, sehingga Wilkins dijuluki sebagai ''bapak huruf cetak [[Bahasa Bengali]]''. Dia juga mengajarkan Panchanan Karmakar, seorang seniman terkemuka pada masa itu giat mempelajari cara pembuatan huruf cetak untuk Bengali.\n\nSistem ini berlangsung lama hingga ditemukannya teknik ''linotype'' pada tahun 1886, dan diperkenalkan ke dalam sistem cetak huruf Bengali oleh S.C. Majumdar, R. Basu dan sebagainya. Sistem inilah yang dipakai hingga sekarang.\n\n== Huruf[Dalam Bengali, {{lang|bn|ই}} adalah hrôshbô i (হ্রস্ব ই); yang artinya ''i pendek''] || i\n|-\n| ঈ || ee, i[Dalam bahasa Bengali, {{lang|bn|ঈ}} adalah dīrghô i (দীর্ঘ ঈ), yang artinya ''i panjang''] || i\n|-\n| উ || u[Dalam bahasa Bengali, {{lang|bn|উ}} adalah hrôshbô u (হ্রস্ব উ); yang artinya ''u pendek''] || u\n|-\n| ঊ || u[Dalam Bengali, {{lang|bn|ঊ}} adalah dīrghô u (দীর্ঘ ঊ), yang artinya ''u panjang''] || u\n|-\n| এ || e, ê, ae || e, æ, ɛ\n|-\n| ঐ || oi, oy || oiː\n|-\n| ও || o || o\n|-\n| ঔ || ou, ow, || ou\n|-\n| ঋ || r̥, ri || ɹi\n|}\n\n=== Konsonan ===\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Huruf !! Romanisasi !! Pengucapan [[Help: IPA for Bengali|IPA]]\n|-\n| ক || kô || kɔ\n|-\n| খ || khô || kʰɔ\n|-\n| গ || gô || gɔ\n|-\n| ঘ || ghô || gʰɔ\n|-\n| ঙ || ngô || ŋɔ\n|-\n| চ || cô || t͡ʃɔ, t͡sɔ, sɔ\n|- \n| ছ || chô || t͡ʃʰɔ, t͡sʰɔ, sɔ\n|-\n| জ || jô || d͡ʒɔ, dzɔ, zɔ\n|-\n| ঝ || jhô || d͡ʒʱɔ, dzʱɔ\n|-\n| ঞ || ñô || nɔ, ẽɔ\n|-\n| ট || ṭô || ʈɔ \n|-\n| ঠ || ṭhô || ʈʱɔ\n|-\n| ড || ḍô || ɖɔ\n|-\n| ঢ || ḍhô || ɖʱɔ\n|-\n| ণ || ṇô, nô || ɳɔ, nɔ\n|-\n| ত || tô || t̪ɔ\n|-\n| থ || thô || t̪ʰɔ\n|-\n| দ || dô || d̪ɔ\n|-\n| ধ || dhô || d̪ʱɔ\n|-\n| ন || nô || nɔ\n|-\n| প || pô || pɔ\n|-\n| ফ || phô, fô || ɸɔ, fɔ, pʰɔ\n|-\n| ব || bô || bɔ\n|-\n| ভ || bhô || bʱɔ, βɔ\n|-\n| ম || mô || mɔ\n|-\n| য || yô, jô || jɔ, d͡ʒɔ, dzɔ\n|-\n| র || rô || ɹɔ\n|-\n| ল || lô || lɔ\n|-\n| শ || shô, sô || ʃɔ, sɔ\n|-\n| ষ || ṣô, shô || ʂɔ, ʃɔ\n|-\n| স || sô, shô || sɔ, ʃɔ\n|-\n| হ || hô || hɔ, ɦɔ\n|-\n| ড় || ṛô || ɽɔ\n|-\n| ঢ় || ṛhô || ɽʱɔ\n|-\n| য় || ẏô || e̯ɔ, ∅\n|}\n\n=== Huruf dengan vokal diakritik ===\n[[File:বাংলা কারসমূহ.svg|600px|jmpl|Huruf Bengali \"k\" dengan tanda vokal.]]\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Huruf !! Romanisasi !! Pengucapan [[Help: IPA for Bengali|IPA]]\n|-\n| ক || kô, ko || ko, kɔ \n|-\n| কা || ka, kaa || ka\n|-\n| কি || ki || ki\n|-\n| কী || kee, ki || ki\n|-\n| কু || ku || ku\n|-\n| কূ || ku || ku\n|-\n| কে || ke, kê, kae || ke, kæ, kɛ\n|-\n| কৈ || koi || koiː\n|-\n| কো || ko || ko\n|-\n| কৌ || kou || kou\n|-\n| কৃ || kri || kɹi\n|-\n| কং || kông || kɔŋ\n|-\n| কঃ || kôḥ/kô || kɔh/kɔ\n|-\n| কঁ || kn || kɔ̃\n|-\n| ক্ || k || k \n|}\n\n== Angka ==\nBerikut adalah angka-angka dalam Bengali:[Dalam bahasa Jepang, ada beberapa perdebatan mengenai apakah menonjolkan perbedaan tertentu, seperti ''Tōhoku'' dan ''Tohoku''. Bahasa Sansekerta terstandarisasi dengan baik karena komunitas penuturnya yang relatif kecil, dan perubahan aksen tidak menjadi masalah besar.] Aksara Bengali sering disertakan dengan kelompok aksara Brahmik untuk romanisasi di mana nilai fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya tidak pernah diwakili. Beberapa di antaranya adalah menggunakan sistem romanisasi IAST.[{{cite web | url=http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212100431/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-date=12 Februari 2007 | title=Learning International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration | work=Sanskrit 3 – Learning transliteration | publisher=Gabriel Pradiipaka & Andrés Muni | access-date=20 November 2006}}] \"Transliterasi Bahasa India\" atau [[ITRANS]],[{{cite web | url=http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ | title=ITRANS – Indian Language Transliteration Package | access-date=20 November 2006 | publisher=Avinash Chopde | archive-date=20 Januari 2013 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnlpDJOF?url=http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ | url-status=live }}] dan perluasan IAST ditujukan untuk wilayah bahasa non-Sansekerta di wilayah India yang disebut dengan Perpustakaan Romanisasi Nasional di Kolkata.[{{cite web | url=http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf | title=Annex-F: Roman Script Transliteration | access-date=20 November 2006 | date=1 April 1999 | work=Indian Standard: Indian Script Code for Information Interchange — ISCII | publisher=[[Bureau of Indian Standards]] | page=32 | archive-date=20 Januari 2013 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnlqxaI4?url=http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf | url-status=live }}]\n\n== Contoh teks ==\n\n'''Pasal 1 Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia'''\n\n
'''[[Bahasa Bengali|Bengali]] dalam Aksara Bengali'''
\n:'''ধারা ১:''' সমস্ত মানুষ সাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত। \n'''[[Bahasa Bengali|Bengali]] dalam romanisasi'''
\n:'''Dhara êk:''' Shômôsto manuṣ śadhinbhabe śôman môrjada ebong odhikar niẏe jônmogrohon kôre. Tander bibek aebông buddhi aache; sutorang sôkoleri aeke ôporer proti bhratritbosulôbh monobhab niẏe acôrôṇ kôra ucit.\n'''[[Bahasa Bengali|Bengali]] dalam [[Alfabet Fonetis Internasional|IPA]]'''
\n:{{IPA|'''d̪ʱara ɛk''' ʃɔmost̪o manuʃ ʃad̪ʱinbʱabe ʃɔman mɔrdʒad̪a eboŋ od̪ʱikar nie̯e dʒɔnmoɡrohon kɔre. t̪ãd̪er bibek eboŋ budd̪ʱːi atʃʰe; sut̪oraŋ sɔkoleri ɛke ɔporer prot̪i bʱrat̪rit̪ːosulɔbʱ monobʱab nie̯e atʃoron kɔra utʃit̪}}.\n'''Terjemahan'''
\n:'''Bagian 1:''' Semua orang dilahirkan dengan kebebasan, martabat, dan hak yang sama. Mereka dianugerahi dengan akal dan hati nurani. Oleh karena itu, mereka harus memiliki sikap semangat persaudaraan terhadap satu sama lain.\n\n== Unicode == \n{{main|Bengali (blok Unicode)}}\nAksara Bengali ditambahkan ke Unicode Standard pada Oktober 1991 dengan perilisan versi 1.0.\n\nBlok Unicode untuk Bengali adalah U+0980–U+09FF.\n\n{{Tabel Unicode Bengali}}\n\n== Lihat juga ==\n*[[Braille bahasa Bengali|Braille Bengali]]\n*[[Kalender Bengali]]\n*[[Bahasa Bengali]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Catatan ==\n{{reflist|group=\"catatan\"}}\n\n== Bibliografi ==\n* {{Citation\n | last1 = Ashraf\n | first1 =Syed Ali\n | last2 =Ashraf\n | first2 =Asia\n | editor = Dil A. S.\n | chapter= Bengali Diphthongs\n | pages= 47–52\n | year=1966\n | title=Shahidullah Presentation Volume\n | publisher= Linguistic Research Group of Pakistan\n | location = Lahore\n }}\n* {{citation\n | last=Chatterji\n | first=Suniti Kumar\n | author-link= Suniti Kumar Chatterji\n|title= Vasha-prakash Bangala Vyakaran (A Grammar of the Bengali Language)\n|year=1939\n|publisher= Universitas Rabindra Bharaty (RBUDDE)\n|location= Kolkata\n}}\n* {{Citation\n | last= Chowdhury\n | first=Munier\n | author-link= Munier Chowdhury\n | title=Shahitto, shônkhatôtto o bhashatôtto (Literature, statistics and linguistics)\n | journal=Bangla Academy Potrika\n | volume=6\n | issue=4\n | year= 1963\n | pages=65–76\n | location = Dhaka\n }}\n* {{citation\n|last1=Kostic\n|first1=Djordje\n|last2=Das\n|first2=Rhea S.\n|title= A Short Outline of Bengali Phonetics\n|year=1972\n|publisher=Statistical Publishing Company\n|location= Kolkata\n}}\n* {{citation\n|last=Hai\n|first=Muhammad Abdul\n|title= Dhvani Vijnan O Bangla Dhvani-tattwa (Phonetics and Bengali Phonology)\n|year=1964\n|publisher=Bangla Academy\n|location=Dhaka\n}}\n* {{Citation\n | last= D.R \n | first= Master\n | title= Bengali Sarabarna Banjan Barna Learning \n | journal= Asiatick Researches\n | publisher= Asiatick Society\n | year= 2010\n | location= Kolkata\n | url= https://mastermoshai.in/model-activity-task-class-10/\n }}{{dead link|date=Juli 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} \n* {{cite book |last=Salomon |first=Richard |title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/indianepigraphyg0000salo |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |place=New York}}\n* {{Citation\n | last= Sarkar\n | first= Pabitra\n | title= Bangla Dishôrodhoni (Bengali Diphthongs)\n | journal=Bhasha\n | volume= 4–5\n | year= 1987\n | pages= 10–12\n | location = Kolkata\n }}\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm Bahasa Bengali oleh Omniglot]\n* [http://www.omicronlab.com/avro-keyboard.html Perangkat Lunak untuk Papan Ketik Bahasa Bengali secara Gratis]\n* [http://www.ekushey.org Solusi Gratis untuk Unicode Bahasa Bangla]\n* [http://www.nongnu.org/freebangfont/ Font Unicode Bengali Gratis]\n* [http://www.bengalinux.org/ Ankur - Dukungan Bengali di GNU/Linux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529081357/http://www.bengalinux.org/ |date=2005-05-29 }}\n* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/openbangsee/ Perpustakaan Sumber Transliterasi Bangla ]\n\n{{jenis aksara|state=show|state2=show}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengali, aksara}}\n[[Kategori:Bahasa Bengali]]\n[[Kategori:Rumpun aksara Brahmi]]","hash":"a7da5498cd581c1793008daf065a950c329d5983b3c65c182dcb718818df4909","last_revision":"2023-06-12T03:49:17Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T07:51:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.396197","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Bengaalse alfabet","ar":"ألفبائية بنغالية","ast":"Alfabetu bengalí","bg":"Бенгалска писменост","bn":"বাংলা লিপি","br":"Skritur banglaek","ca":"Alfabet bengalí","cs":"Bengálské písmo","de":"Bengalische Schrift","en":"Bengali alphabet","es":"Alfabeto bengalí","fi":"Bengalilainen kirjaimisto","fr":"Alphasyllabaire bengali","hi":"बंगाली लिपि","hu":"Bengáli írás","it":"Alfabeto bengalese","ja":"ベンガル文字","kge":"Huruf Banggala","ko":"벵골 문자","lfn":"Alfabeta bangla","lt":"Bengalų raštas","mai":"बङ्गला लिपि","mr":"बंगाली लिपी","ne":"बङ्गाली लिपि","new":"बंगाली लिपि","nl":"Bengaals schrift","nb":"Bengalsk skrift","pa":"ਬੰਗਾਲੀ ਲਿਪੀ","pl":"Pismo bengalskie","pnb":"بنگالی لپی","pt":"Alfabeto bengali","ru":"Бенгальское письмо","sa":"बाङ्गलालिपिः","sat":"ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ","simple":"Bengali script","sv":"Bengalialfabetet","te":"బెంగాలీ అక్షరమాల","th":"ชุดตัวอักษรเบงกอล","tr":"Bengal alfabesi","uk":"Бенгальське письмо","ur":"بنگالی حروف تہجی","zh":"孟加拉文","zh-yue":"孟加拉字"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Aksara Bengali (, Bangla lipi, ); atau Alfabet Bengali (, Bangla bôrṇômala) adalah aksara yang digunakan untuk menuliskan bahasa Bengali didasarkan pada aksara Bengali-Assam, dan secara historis telah digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Sansekerta dalam Beng. Aksara ini adalah salah satu sistem penulisan yang paling banyak diadopsi di dunia (digunakan oleh lebih dari 265 juta orang).\n\nDari sudut pandang klasifikasi, sistem penulisan Bengali adalah abugida, yaitu grafem vokalnya terutama diwujudkan bukan sebagai huruf independen, tetapi sebagai diakritik yang memodifikasi vokal yang melekat pada huruf dasar yang ditambahkan. Sistem penulisan Bengali ditulis dari kiri ke kanan dan menggunakan huruf besar tunggal, yang membuatnya menjadi aksara monokameral, berbeda dengan aksara bikameral seperti alfabet Latin. Hal ini dikenali, seperti lainnya aksara Brahmi, dengan garis horizontal khas dikenal sebagai matra (মাত্রা) berjalan di sepanjang bagian atas huruf yang menghubungkannya. Namun, sistem penulisan Bengali tidak terlalu kaku dan menampilkan bentuk yang lebih berliku-liku daripada aksara Dewanagari.\n\nAksara Bengali sangat mirip dengan Aksara Dewanagari dalam Bahasa Hindi dan sama-sama berasal dari rumpun aksara Brahmi; namun, aksara Bengali mulai berdiri sebagai aksara yang dominan sejak abad ke-11. Aksara Brahmi berkembang pada masa pemerintahan Asoka, dan bentuknya yang sekarang telah tercatat pada tahun 1778 dan pada abad ke-19.\n\nAbugida ini berkembang dari sistem penulisan India Kuno yang menorehkan tinta di atas daun lontar dan dimulai sejak zaman pemerintahan Raja Asoka pada abad ke-3 SM.\n\nAksara Bengali sendiri berkembang dari varian timur huruf Brahmi yang disebut Kutilalipi, dan mulai berkembang sejak abad ke-7 M. Huruf-huruf Bengali berbentuk lebih runcing dan ujung yang tajam daripada huruf Devanagari meski 2 aksara ini mempunyai matra di atasnya, sedangkan tulisan Bengali cetak untuk pertama kalinya digunakan pada buku 'A Grammar of the Bengal Language' () karya N.B Halhed pada tahun 1778. Pada tahun 1785, Warren Hastings meminta warga lainnya, yakni Charles Wilkins untuk membuat versi cetak huruf Bengali, sehingga Wilkins dijuluki sebagai bapak huruf cetak Bahasa Bengali. Dia juga mengajarkan Panchanan Karmakar, seorang seniman terkemuka pada masa itu giat mempelajari cara pembuatan huruf cetak untuk Bengali.\n\nSistem ini berlangsung lama hingga ditemukannya teknik linotype pada tahun 1886, dan diperkenalkan ke dalam sistem cetak huruf Bengali oleh S.C. Majumdar, R. Basu dan sebagainya. Sistem inilah yang dipakai hingga sekarang.\n\nBerikut adalah angka-angka dalam Bengali:\n\nRomanisasi Bengali adalah penggambaran bahasa Bengali dalam aksara Latin. Ada berbagai cara untuk sistem Romanisasi Bengali, yang dibuat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, tetapi gagal untuk mewakili suara fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya. Sementara standar yang berbeda untuk romanisasi telah diusulkan untuk aksara Bengali, sistem romanisasi tersebut belum diadopsi dengan tingkat keseragaman yang terlihat dalam bahasa seperti Jepang atau Sansekerta. Aksara Bengali sering disertakan dengan kelompok aksara Brahmik untuk romanisasi di mana nilai fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya tidak pernah diwakili. Beberapa di antaranya adalah menggunakan sistem romanisasi IAST. \"Transliterasi Bahasa India\" atau ITRANS, dan perluasan IAST ditujukan untuk wilayah bahasa non-Sansekerta di wilayah India yang disebut dengan Perpustakaan Romanisasi Nasional di Kolkata.\n\nPasal 1 Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia\n\nBengali dalam Aksara Bengali\n\nধারা ১: সমস্ত মানুষ সাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত। Bengali dalam romanisasi\n\nDhara êk: Shômôsto manuṣ śadhinbhabe śôman môrjada ebong odhikar niẏe jônmogrohon kôre. Tander bibek aebông buddhi aache; sutorang sôkoleri aeke ôporer proti bhratritbosulôbh monobhab niẏe acôrôṇ kôra ucit. Bengali dalam IPA\n\n. Terjemahan\n\nBagian 1: Semua orang dilahirkan dengan kebebasan, martabat, dan hak yang sama. Mereka dianugerahi dengan akal dan hati nurani. Oleh karena itu, mereka harus memiliki sikap semangat persaudaraan terhadap satu sama lain.\n\nAksara Bengali ditambahkan ke Unicode Standard pada Oktober 1991 dengan perilisan versi 1.0.\n\nBlok Unicode untuk Bengali adalah U+0980–U+09FF.\n\nBraille Bengali Kalender Bengali Bahasa Bengali\n\nBahasa Bengali oleh Omniglot Perangkat Lunak untuk Papan Ketik Bahasa Bengali secara Gratis Solusi Gratis untuk Unicode Bahasa Bangla Font Unicode Bengali Gratis Ankur - Dukungan Bengali di GNU/Linux Perpustakaan Sumber Transliterasi Bangla\n\nKategori:Bahasa Bengali Kategori:Rumpun aksara Brahmi\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox writing system\n| altname = বাংলা লিপি\n| type = [[Abugida]]\n| SHline =\n| typedesc =\n| languages = [[Bahasa Bengali|Bengali]], [[Bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskerta]], [[Bahasa Khasi|Khasi]],[{{cite web |title=ScriptSource - Khasi |url=https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=language_detail&key=kha |website=scriptsource.org |access-date=21 September 2021}}] [[Bqhasa Kurmali|Kudmali]]\n| official script = \n| region = [[Benggala]]\n| time = Abad ke-11–sekarang[\n{{Cite web |url=http://www.ancientscripts.com/bengali.html |title=Ancient Scripts |access-date=20 Maret 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116142505/http://ancientscripts.com/bengali.html |archive-date=16 November 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}]\n|fam1={{hipotesis abjad aram-brahmi}}\n|fam2=[[Aksara Gupta|Gupta]]\n |fam3=[[Aksara Siddhaṃ|Siddham]]\n|fam4=[[Aksara Gaudi|Gaudi]][{{cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Peter T. |year=2008 |chapter=Writing systems of major and minor languages |editor1-last=Kachru |editor1-first=Braj B. |editor2-last=Kachru |editor2-first=Yamuna |editor3-last=Sridhar |editor3-first=S. N. |title=Languages in South Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/languageinsoutha0000unse |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/languageinsoutha0000unse/page/n310 285]–308 |isbn=978-0-521-78141-1}}]\n| print =\n| sisters = [[Aksara Assam|Assam]] dan [[Tirhuta]]\n| children =\n| sample = Bangla Lipi.svg\n| imagesize = 250px\n| unicode =[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf U+0980–U+09FF]\n| iso15924 = Beng\n| iso15924 note =\n| note =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aksara Bengali (, Bangla lipi, ); atau Alfabet Bengali (, Bangla bôrṇômala) adalah aksara yang digunakan untuk menuliskan bahasa Bengali didasarkan pada aksara Bengali-Assam, dan secara historis telah digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Sansekerta dalam Beng.","translated_text":"Bengali script (, Bangla lipi, ); or Bengali alphabet (, Bangla bôrṇômala) is the script used to write Bengali based on the Bengali-Assam script, and has historically been used to write Sanskrit in Beng.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aksara ini adalah salah satu sistem penulisan yang paling banyak diadopsi di dunia (digunakan oleh lebih dari 265 juta orang).","translated_text":"It is one of the most widely adopted writing systems in the world (used by over 265 million people).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":126,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":126,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari sudut pandang klasifikasi, sistem penulisan Bengali adalah abugida, yaitu grafem vokalnya terutama diwujudkan bukan sebagai huruf independen, tetapi sebagai diakritik yang memodifikasi vokal yang melekat pada huruf dasar yang ditambahkan.","translated_text":"From a classification point of view, the Bengali writing system is abugida, i.e. its vowel graphemes are primarily realized not as independent letters, but as diacritics that modify the vowels attached to the added base letters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem penulisan Bengali ditulis dari kiri ke kanan dan menggunakan huruf besar tunggal, yang membuatnya menjadi aksara monokameral, berbeda dengan aksara bikameral seperti alfabet Latin.","translated_text":"The Bengali writing system is written from left to right and uses a single capital letter, which makes it a monocameral letter, as opposed to a bicameral letter such as the Latin alphabet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini dikenali, seperti lainnya aksara Brahmi, dengan garis horizontal khas dikenal sebagai matra (মাত্রা) berjalan di sepanjang bagian atas huruf yang menghubungkannya.","translated_text":"It is recognized, like other Brahmi letters, by a characteristic horizontal line known as the matra (মাত্রা) running along the top of the letter connecting it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, sistem penulisan Bengali tidak terlalu kaku dan menampilkan bentuk yang lebih berliku-liku daripada aksara Dewanagari.","translated_text":"However, the Bengali writing system is less rigid and features a more rounded shape than the Dewanagari script.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[George Cardona dan Danesh Jain ([[2003]]), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415772945}}]","char_index":125,"name":"georgec","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aksara Bengali sangat mirip dengan Aksara Dewanagari dalam Bahasa Hindi dan sama-sama berasal dari rumpun aksara Brahmi; namun, aksara Bengali mulai berdiri sebagai aksara yang dominan sejak abad ke-11.","translated_text":"The Bengali script is very similar to the Dewanagari script in Hindi and is both derived from the Brahmi script; however, the Bengali script began to stand as the dominant script as early as the 11th century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aksara Brahmi berkembang pada masa pemerintahan Asoka, dan bentuknya yang sekarang telah tercatat pada tahun 1778 dan pada abad ke-19.","translated_text":"Brahmi script flourished during the reign of Asoka, and its present form was recorded in 1778 and in the 19th century.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abugida ini berkembang dari sistem penulisan India Kuno yang menorehkan tinta di atas daun lontar dan dimulai sejak zaman pemerintahan Raja Asoka pada abad ke-3 SM.","translated_text":"The abugida evolved from the ancient Indian writing system of placing ink on the leaves of the lontar and dates back to the reign of King Asoka in the 3rd century BC.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aksara Bengali sendiri berkembang dari varian timur huruf Brahmi yang disebut Kutilalipi, dan mulai berkembang sejak abad ke-7 M. Huruf-huruf Bengali berbentuk lebih runcing dan ujung yang tajam daripada huruf Devanagari meski 2 aksara ini mempunyai matra di atasnya, sedangkan tulisan Bengali cetak untuk pertama kalinya digunakan pada buku 'A Grammar of the Bengal Language' () karya N.B Halhed pada tahun 1778.","translated_text":"The Bengali script itself evolved from the eastern variant of the Brahmi script called Kutilalipi, and began to develop from the 7th century A.D. Bengali letters are more slender in shape and sharp end than the Devanagari script although these two characters have a matra on top of them, while the printed Bengali script was first used in the book 'A Grammar of the Bengal Language' () by N.B. Halhed in 1778.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1785, Warren Hastings meminta warga lainnya, yakni Charles Wilkins untuk membuat versi cetak huruf Bengali, sehingga Wilkins dijuluki sebagai bapak huruf cetak Bahasa Bengali.","translated_text":"In 1785, Warren Hastings asked another citizen, Charles Wilkins, to make a printed version of the Bengali alphabet, so Wilkins was nicknamed the father of the Bengali alphabet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia juga mengajarkan Panchanan Karmakar, seorang seniman terkemuka pada masa itu giat mempelajari cara pembuatan huruf cetak untuk Bengali.","translated_text":"He also taught Panchanan Karmakar, a prominent artist at the time who was actively studying printmaking for Bengali.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sistem ini berlangsung lama hingga ditemukannya teknik linotype pada tahun 1886, dan diperkenalkan ke dalam sistem cetak huruf Bengali oleh S.C. Majumdar, R. Basu dan sebagainya.","translated_text":"This system lasted long until the invention of the linotype technique in 1886, and was introduced into the Bengali printing system by S.C. Majumdar, R. Basu and so on.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem inilah yang dipakai hingga sekarang.","translated_text":"This is the system we've used so far.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Huruf","translated_text":"Letters","level":2,"citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":5,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Vokal","translated_text":"The vowel","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Huruf !! Romanisasi !! Pengucapan [[Help: IPA for Bengali|IPA]]\n|-\n| অ || ô, o || o, ɔ \n|-\n| আ || a, aa || a\n|-\n| ই || i[Dalam Bengali, {{lang|bn|ই}} adalah hrôshbô i (হ্রস্ব ই); yang artinya ''i pendek''] || i\n|-\n| ঈ || ee, i[Dalam bahasa Bengali, {{lang|bn|ঈ}} adalah dīrghô i (দীর্ঘ ঈ), yang artinya ''i panjang''] || i\n|-\n| উ || u[Dalam bahasa Bengali, {{lang|bn|উ}} adalah hrôshbô u (হ্রস্ব উ); yang artinya ''u pendek''] || u\n|-\n| ঊ || u[Dalam Bengali, {{lang|bn|ঊ}} adalah dīrghô u (দীর্ঘ ঊ), yang artinya ''u panjang''] || u\n|-\n| এ || e, ê, ae || e, æ, ɛ\n|-\n| ঐ || oi, oy || oiː\n|-\n| ও || o || o\n|-\n| ঔ || ou, ow, || ou\n|-\n| ঋ || r̥, ri || ɹi\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Konsonan","translated_text":"Consonants","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Huruf !! Romanisasi !! Pengucapan [[Help: IPA for Bengali|IPA]]\n|-\n| ক || kô || kɔ\n|-\n| খ || khô || kʰɔ\n|-\n| গ || gô || gɔ\n|-\n| ঘ || ghô || gʰɔ\n|-\n| ঙ || ngô || ŋɔ\n|-\n| চ || cô || t͡ʃɔ, t͡sɔ, sɔ\n|- \n| ছ || chô || t͡ʃʰɔ, t͡sʰɔ, sɔ\n|-\n| জ || jô || d͡ʒɔ, dzɔ, zɔ\n|-\n| ঝ || jhô || d͡ʒʱɔ, dzʱɔ\n|-\n| ঞ || ñô || nɔ, ẽɔ\n|-\n| ট || ṭô || ʈɔ \n|-\n| ঠ || ṭhô || ʈʱɔ\n|-\n| ড || ḍô || ɖɔ\n|-\n| ঢ || ḍhô || ɖʱɔ\n|-\n| ণ || ṇô, nô || ɳɔ, nɔ\n|-\n| ত || tô || t̪ɔ\n|-\n| থ || thô || t̪ʰɔ\n|-\n| দ || dô || d̪ɔ\n|-\n| ধ || dhô || d̪ʱɔ\n|-\n| ন || nô || nɔ\n|-\n| প || pô || pɔ\n|-\n| ফ || phô, fô || ɸɔ, fɔ, pʰɔ\n|-\n| ব || bô || bɔ\n|-\n| ভ || bhô || bʱɔ, βɔ\n|-\n| ম || mô || mɔ\n|-\n| য || yô, jô || jɔ, d͡ʒɔ, dzɔ\n|-\n| র || rô || ɹɔ\n|-\n| ল || lô || lɔ\n|-\n| শ || shô, sô || ʃɔ, sɔ\n|-\n| ষ || ṣô, shô || ʂɔ, ʃɔ\n|-\n| স || sô, shô || sɔ, ʃɔ\n|-\n| হ || hô || hɔ, ɦɔ\n|-\n| ড় || ṛô || ɽɔ\n|-\n| ঢ় || ṛhô || ɽʱɔ\n|-\n| য় || ẏô || e̯ɔ, ∅\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Huruf dengan vokal diakritik","translated_text":"Letters with diacritical vowels","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Huruf !! Romanisasi !! Pengucapan [[Help: IPA for Bengali|IPA]]\n|-\n| ক || kô, ko || ko, kɔ \n|-\n| কা || ka, kaa || ka\n|-\n| কি || ki || ki\n|-\n| কী || kee, ki || ki\n|-\n| কু || ku || ku\n|-\n| কূ || ku || ku\n|-\n| কে || ke, kê, kae || ke, kæ, kɛ\n|-\n| কৈ || koi || koiː\n|-\n| কো || ko || ko\n|-\n| কৌ || kou || kou\n|-\n| কৃ || kri || kɹi\n|-\n| কং || kông || kɔŋ\n|-\n| কঃ || kôḥ/kô || kɔh/kɔ\n|-\n| কঁ || kn || kɔ̃\n|-\n| ক্ || k || k \n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Angka","translated_text":"The numbers","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah angka-angka dalam Bengali:","translated_text":"Here are the numbers in Bengali:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":41,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Angka (Bengali) !! Penyebutan !! Romanisasi !! Angka \n|-\n| ০ || শূন্য || Shunnô || 0\n|-\n| ১ || এক || Êk || 1\n|-\n| ২ || দুই || Dui || 2\n|-\n| ৩ || তিন || Tin || 3\n|-\n| ৪ || চার || Char || 4\n|-\n| ৫ || পাঁচ || Pach || 5\n|-\n| ৬ || ছয় || Chhôy || 6\n|-\n| ৭ || সাত || Shat || 7\n|-\n| ৮ || আট || At || 8\n|-\n| ৯ || নয় || Nôy || 9\n|-\n| ২০ || দশ || Dôsh || 10\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Romanisasi","translated_text":"Romanized","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Romanisasi Bengali adalah penggambaran bahasa Bengali dalam aksara Latin.","translated_text":"The Bengali Romanisation is a depiction of the Bengali language in the Latin script.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada berbagai cara untuk sistem Romanisasi Bengali, yang dibuat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, tetapi gagal untuk mewakili suara fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya.","translated_text":"There are various ways for the Bengali Romanisation system, which has been created in recent years, but fails to represent the true Bengali phonetic sound.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sementara standar yang berbeda untuk romanisasi telah diusulkan untuk aksara Bengali, sistem romanisasi tersebut belum diadopsi dengan tingkat keseragaman yang terlihat dalam bahasa seperti Jepang atau Sansekerta.","translated_text":"While different standards for romanization have been proposed for Bengali characters, the romanization system has not yet been adopted with the level of uniformity seen in languages such as Japanese or Sanskrit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Dalam bahasa Jepang, ada beberapa perdebatan mengenai apakah menonjolkan perbedaan tertentu, seperti ''Tōhoku'' dan ''Tohoku''. Bahasa Sansekerta terstandarisasi dengan baik karena komunitas penuturnya yang relatif kecil, dan perubahan aksen tidak menjadi masalah besar.]","char_index":213,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aksara Bengali sering disertakan dengan kelompok aksara Brahmik untuk romanisasi di mana nilai fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya tidak pernah diwakili.","translated_text":"Bengali script is often included with Brahmic alphabet groups for romanisation where the actual Bengali phonetic value is never represented.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa di antaranya adalah menggunakan sistem romanisasi IAST.","translated_text":"Some of them are using the IAST romanization system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212100431/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-date=12 Februari 2007 | title=Learning International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration | work=Sanskrit 3 – Learning transliteration | publisher=Gabriel Pradiipaka & Andrés Muni | access-date=20 November 2006}}]","char_index":64,"name":"IAST1","url":"http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1130,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.037809-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212100431/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-date=12 Februari 2007 | title=Learning International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration | work=Sanskrit 3 – Learning transliteration | publisher=Gabriel Pradiipaka & Andrés Muni | access-date=20 November 2006}}]","char_index":64,"name":"IAST1","url":"http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1130,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.037809-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Transliterasi Bahasa India\" atau ITRANS, dan perluasan IAST ditujukan untuk wilayah bahasa non-Sansekerta di wilayah India yang disebut dengan Perpustakaan Romanisasi Nasional di Kolkata.","translated_text":"\"Transliteration of Indian Languages\" or ITRANS, and the IAST expansion is aimed at the non-Sanskrit language region in the Indian region called the National Romanized Library in Kolkata.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ | title=ITRANS – Indian Language Transliteration Package | access-date=20 November 2006 | publisher=Avinash Chopde | archive-date=20 Januari 2013 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnlpDJOF?url=http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ | url-status=live }}]","char_index":41,"name":"ITRANS1","url":"http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":32665,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.218186-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375},{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ | title=ITRANS – Indian Language Transliteration Package | access-date=20 November 2006 | publisher=Avinash Chopde | archive-date=20 Januari 2013 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnlpDJOF?url=http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ | url-status=live }}]","char_index":41,"name":"ITRANS1","url":"http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":32665,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.218186-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375},{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf | title=Annex-F: Roman Script Transliteration | access-date=20 November 2006 | date=1 April 1999 | work=Indian Standard: Indian Script Code for Information Interchange — ISCII | publisher=[[Bureau of Indian Standards]] | page=32 | archive-date=20 Januari 2013 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnlqxaI4?url=http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf | url-status=live }}]","char_index":188,"name":"NatLib","url":"http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1689,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.519130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09210205078125},{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf | title=Annex-F: Roman Script Transliteration | access-date=20 November 2006 | date=1 April 1999 | work=Indian Standard: Indian Script Code for Information Interchange — ISCII | publisher=[[Bureau of Indian Standards]] | page=32 | archive-date=20 Januari 2013 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6DnlqxaI4?url=http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf | url-status=live }}]","char_index":188,"name":"NatLib","url":"http://varamozhi.sourceforge.net/iscii91.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1689,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.519130-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09210205078125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Contoh teks","translated_text":"Examples of text","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pasal 1 Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia","translated_text":"Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bengali dalam Aksara Bengali","translated_text":"Bengali in Bengali script","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ধারা ১: সমস্ত মানুষ সাধীনভাবে সমান মর্যাদা এবং অধিকার নিয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করে। তাঁদের বিবেক এবং বুদ্ধি আছে; সুতরাং সকলেরই একে অপরের প্রতি ভ্রাতৃত্বসুলভ মনোভাব নিয়ে আচরণ করা উচিত। Bengali dalam romanisasi","translated_text":"Article 1: All human beings are born with equal dignity and rights. They have conscience and intellect; therefore, all should treat each other with a fraternal attitude.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dhara êk: Shômôsto manuṣ śadhinbhabe śôman môrjada ebong odhikar niẏe jônmogrohon kôre.","translated_text":"Shômôsto manuṣ śadhinbhabe śôman môrjada ebong odhikar ni ⁇ e jônmogrohon kôre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tander bibek aebông buddhi aache; sutorang sôkoleri aeke ôporer proti bhratritbosulôbh monobhab niẏe acôrôṇ kôra ucit.","translated_text":"Tander libbong aebông buddhi aache; sutorang sôkoleri aeke ôporer proti bhratritbosulôbh monobhab ni ⁇ e acôrôṇ kôra ucit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bengali dalam IPA","translated_text":"Bengali in the IPA","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":".","translated_text":"It's all right.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terjemahan","translated_text":"The translation","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagian 1: Semua orang dilahirkan dengan kebebasan, martabat, dan hak yang sama.","translated_text":"Part 1: Everyone is born with freedom, dignity, and equal rights.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka dianugerahi dengan akal dan hati nurani.","translated_text":"They are endowed with reason and conscience.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, mereka harus memiliki sikap semangat persaudaraan terhadap satu sama lain.","translated_text":"Therefore, they must have a brotherly attitude toward one another.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Unicode","translated_text":"Unicode","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aksara Bengali ditambahkan ke Unicode Standard pada Oktober 1991 dengan perilisan versi 1.0.","translated_text":"Bengali script was added to the Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Blok Unicode untuk Bengali adalah U+0980–U+09FF.","translated_text":"The Unicode block for Bengali is U+0980 ⁇ U+09FF.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat juga","translated_text":"See also","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Braille Bengali Kalender Bengali Bahasa Bengali","translated_text":"Braille Bengali Calendar Bengali language Bengali","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan","translated_text":"Notes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bibliografi","translated_text":"The Bibliography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa Bengali oleh Omniglot Perangkat Lunak untuk Papan Ketik Bahasa Bengali secara Gratis Solusi Gratis untuk Unicode Bahasa Bangla Font Unicode Bengali Gratis Ankur - Dukungan Bengali di GNU/Linux Perpustakaan Sumber Transliterasi Bangla","translated_text":"Bengali by Omniglot Free software for Bengali typewriters Free solution for Unicode Bengali Font Free Bengali Unicode Ankur - Bengali support on GNU/Linux","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529081357/http://www.bengalinux.org/ |date=2005-05-29 }}","char_index":200,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050529081357/http://www.bengalinux.org/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.782911-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bahasa Bengali Kategori:Rumpun aksara Brahmi","translated_text":"Category:English language Category:Brahmi characters","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Aksara Bengali (, Bangla lipi, ); atau Alfabet Bengali (, Bangla bôrṇômala) adalah aksara yang digunakan untuk menuliskan bahasa Bengali didasarkan pada aksara Bengali-Assam, dan secara historis telah digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Sansekerta dalam Beng. Aksara ini adalah salah satu sistem penulisan yang paling banyak diadopsi di dunia (digunakan oleh lebih dari 265 juta orang).","translated_text":"Bengali script (, Bangla lipi, ); or Bengali alphabet (, Bangla bôrṇômala) is the script used to write Bengali based on the Bengali-Assam script, and has historically been used to write Sanskrit in Beng. It is one of the most widely adopted writing systems in the world (used by over 265 million people).","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":381,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":381,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sistem penulisan Bengali ditulis dari kiri ke kanan dan menggunakan huruf besar tunggal, yang membuatnya menjadi aksara monokameral, berbeda dengan aksara bikameral seperti alfabet Latin. Hal ini dikenali, seperti lainnya aksara Brahmi, dengan garis horizontal khas dikenal sebagai matra (মাত্রা) berjalan di sepanjang bagian atas huruf yang menghubungkannya. Namun, sistem penulisan Bengali tidak terlalu kaku dan menampilkan bentuk yang lebih berliku-liku daripada aksara Dewanagari.","translated_text":"The Bengali writing system is written from left to right and uses a single capital letter, which makes it a monocameral letter, as opposed to a bicameral letter such as the Latin alphabet. It is recognized, like other Brahmi letters, by a characteristic horizontal line known as the matra (মাত্রা) running along the top of the letter connecting it. However, the Bengali writing system is less rigid and features a more rounded shape than the Dewanagari script.","citations":[{"content":"[George Cardona dan Danesh Jain ([[2003]]), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415772945}}]","char_index":485,"name":"georgec","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berikut adalah angka-angka dalam Bengali:","translated_text":"Here are the numbers in Bengali:","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |title=Bengali alphabet |access-date=11 Juni 2005 |archive-date=26 Januari 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126070518/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm |url-status=live }}]","char_index":41,"name":"omniglot","url":"http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":379,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:11.012815-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (21 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Romanisasi Bengali adalah penggambaran bahasa Bengali dalam aksara Latin. Ada berbagai cara untuk sistem Romanisasi Bengali, yang dibuat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, tetapi gagal untuk mewakili suara fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya. Sementara standar yang berbeda untuk romanisasi telah diusulkan untuk aksara Bengali, sistem romanisasi tersebut belum diadopsi dengan tingkat keseragaman yang terlihat dalam bahasa seperti Jepang atau Sansekerta.","translated_text":"The Bengali Romanisation is a depiction of the Bengali language in the Latin script. There are various ways for the Bengali Romanisation system, which has been created in recent years, but fails to represent the true Bengali phonetic sound. While different standards for romanization have been proposed for Bengali characters, the romanization system has not yet been adopted with the level of uniformity seen in languages such as Japanese or Sanskrit.","citations":[{"content":"[Dalam bahasa Jepang, ada beberapa perdebatan mengenai apakah menonjolkan perbedaan tertentu, seperti ''Tōhoku'' dan ''Tohoku''. Bahasa Sansekerta terstandarisasi dengan baik karena komunitas penuturnya yang relatif kecil, dan perubahan aksen tidak menjadi masalah besar.]","char_index":448,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sementara standar yang berbeda untuk romanisasi telah diusulkan untuk aksara Bengali, sistem romanisasi tersebut belum diadopsi dengan tingkat keseragaman yang terlihat dalam bahasa seperti Jepang atau Sansekerta. Aksara Bengali sering disertakan dengan kelompok aksara Brahmik untuk romanisasi di mana nilai fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya tidak pernah diwakili. Beberapa di antaranya adalah menggunakan sistem romanisasi IAST.","translated_text":"While different standards for romanization have been proposed for Bengali characters, the romanization system has not yet been adopted with the level of uniformity seen in languages such as Japanese or Sanskrit. Bengali script is often included with Brahmic alphabet groups for romanisation where the actual Bengali phonetic value is never represented. Some of them are using the IAST romanization system.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212100431/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-date=12 Februari 2007 | title=Learning International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration | work=Sanskrit 3 – Learning transliteration | publisher=Gabriel Pradiipaka & Andrés Muni | access-date=20 November 2006}}]","char_index":428,"name":"IAST1","url":"http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1130,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.037809-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web | url=http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212100431/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html | archive-date=12 Februari 2007 | title=Learning International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration | work=Sanskrit 3 – Learning transliteration | publisher=Gabriel Pradiipaka & Andrés Muni | access-date=20 November 2006}}]","char_index":428,"name":"IAST1","url":"http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1130,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:12.037809-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aksara Bengali sering disertakan dengan kelompok aksara Brahmik untuk romanisasi di mana nilai fonetik Bengali yang sebenarnya tidak pernah diwakili. Beberapa di antaranya adalah menggunakan sistem romanisasi IAST. \"Transliterasi Bahasa India\" atau ITRANS, dan perluasan IAST ditujukan untuk wilayah bahasa non-Sansekerta di wilayah India yang disebut dengan Perpustakaan Romanisasi Nasional di Kolkata.","translated_text":"Bengali script is often included with Brahmic alphabet groups for romanisation where the actual Bengali phonetic value is never represented. 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+{"title":"Asetilaminofluorena-2","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Acetylaminofluorene.svg|jmpl|ka|320px|Struktur kimia Asetilaminofluorena-2.]]\n'''Asetilaminofluorena-2''' ({{lang-en|2-Acetylaminofluorene, 2-AAF}}) adalah [[senyawa organik]] turunan dari senyawa [[fluorena]] yang merupakan [[karsinogen]] dan [[mutagen]]. 2-AAF sering digunakan di dalam pengamatan pada studi [[karsinogenesis]] karena sifatnya yang menginduksi [[tumor]] pada [[hati]], [[kantung kemih]] dan [[ginjal]]. 2-AAF merupakan [[substrat]] bagi [[enzim]] [[sitokrom P450|CYP]] yang banyak ditemukan pada hampir seluruh jenis [[organisme]]. [[Reaksi kimiawi]] antara keduanya menghasilkan produk berupa ''N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene'' yang lebih reaktif dan lebih karsinogenik.\n\n[[Kategori:Karsinogen]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"66dbaa5bf9b608194a1efbec3368976a15e4c45320f3b0f90ddacafb625b04a6","last_revision":"2022-12-18T05:32:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T07:58:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.509458","cross_lingual_links":{"azb":"۲-استیلآمینوفلوئورن","de":"2-Acetylaminofluoren","en":"2-Acetylaminofluorene","fa":"۲-استیلآمینوفلوئورن","ja":"2-アセチルアミノフルオレン","sh":"2-Acetilaminofluoren","sr":"2-Acetilaminofluoren"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Asetilaminofluorena-2 () adalah senyawa organik turunan dari senyawa fluorena yang merupakan karsinogen dan mutagen. 2-AAF sering digunakan di dalam pengamatan pada studi karsinogenesis karena sifatnya yang menginduksi tumor pada hati, kantung kemih dan ginjal. 2-AAF merupakan substrat bagi enzim CYP yang banyak ditemukan pada hampir seluruh jenis organisme. Reaksi kimiawi antara keduanya menghasilkan produk berupa N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene yang lebih reaktif dan lebih karsinogenik.\n\nKategori:Karsinogen\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Asetilaminofluorena-2 () adalah senyawa organik turunan dari senyawa fluorena yang merupakan karsinogen dan mutagen.","translated_text":"Asetilaminofluorene-2 is an organic compound derived from fluorine compounds that is carcinogenic and mutagenic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"2-AAF sering digunakan di dalam pengamatan pada studi karsinogenesis karena sifatnya yang menginduksi tumor pada hati, kantung kemih dan ginjal.","translated_text":"2-AAF is often used in observations in carcinogenesis studies because of its tumor-inducing properties in the liver, bladder and kidneys.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"2-AAF merupakan substrat bagi enzim CYP yang banyak ditemukan pada hampir seluruh jenis organisme.","translated_text":"2-AAF is a substrate of the CYP enzyme found widely in almost all types of organisms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reaksi kimiawi antara keduanya menghasilkan produk berupa N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene yang lebih reaktif dan lebih karsinogenik.","translated_text":"The chemical reaction between the two results in a more reactive and more carcinogenic product of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Karsinogen","translated_text":"Category:Carcinogens","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Templat:Cities and municipalities in Kreis Dithmarschen","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Cities and towns in Dithmarschen]]","hash":"605743ed392f3c1cb2b8ab5a9df4d6880c2eca53cfb911599d85352d0c5007a0","last_revision":"2010-10-25T09:30:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T08:13:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.628412","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Cities and towns in Dithmarschen\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Cities and towns in Dithmarschen","translated_text":"Cities and towns in Dithmarschen","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Faktor Hageman","wikicode":"'''Faktor Hageman''' ({{lang-en|coagulation factor XII, Hageman factor, HAF, HAE3, HAEX, F12}}) adalah [[faktor koagulasi]] yang beredar dalam [[sirkulasi darah]] dalam bentuk [[zimogen]], yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi [[serina protease]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2161\n| title = F12 coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor) [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n| archive-date = 2023-06-09\n| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230609192820/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2161\n| dead-url = no\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Darah}}\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor koagulasi]]\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"fd42155a0ba1386abb41b1385b7ac36f862d013a86072533684406d1dca856a2","last_revision":"2023-07-17T14:18:38Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T08:15:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:07.786124","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"العامل الثاني عشر","ast":"Factor de coagulación XII","cs":"Faktor XII","de":"Hageman-Faktor","en":"Factor XII","es":"Factor de coagulación XII","fa":"فاکتور دوازده","fi":"Tekijä XII","fr":"Facteur Hageman","gl":"Factor XII","it":"Fattore XII","ja":"第XII因子","pl":"Czynnik XII","pt":"Fator XII","ru":"Фактор свёртывания крови XII","sh":"Koagulacioni faktor XIIa","sr":"Koagulacioni faktor XIIa","uk":"Фактор зсідання крові XII"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Faktor Hageman () adalah faktor koagulasi yang beredar dalam sirkulasi darah dalam bentuk zimogen, yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi serina protease.\n\nKategori:Faktor koagulasi Kategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Faktor Hageman () adalah faktor koagulasi yang beredar dalam sirkulasi darah dalam bentuk zimogen, yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi serina protease.","translated_text":"Hageman factor () is a coagulation factor circulating in blood circulation in the form of a zymogen, which is then converted into serine protease.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2161 | title = F12 coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor) [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene | archive-date = 2023-06-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230609192820/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2161 | dead-url = no }}]","char_index":148,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2161","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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+{"title":"Seefeld, Bavaria","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Seefeld, Starnberg]]","hash":"a31dc352ad90e3b48eaaa50654e2c767e5847c7f3204ff27b7f5518f18114251","last_revision":"2010-10-25T09:42:36Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T09:42:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.019737","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Seefeld, Starnberg\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Seefeld, Starnberg","translated_text":"By Seefeld, by Starnberg","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Hagåtña, Guam","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Hagåtña]]","hash":"5788635a819eaed005d8810206c040d1cee5d97c2be531c987df80db8351712a","last_revision":"2010-10-25T09:48:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T09:48:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.076549","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Hagåtña\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Hagåtña","translated_text":"It's all right.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pekan Tutong","wikicode":"{{for|'''Tutong''' sebagai nama distrik|Daerah Tutong}}\n'''Pekan Tutong''' adalah sebuah kota kecil di [[Brunei]] yang merupakan ibu kota [[Daerah Tutong]]. Kota ini memiliki luas 4 kilometer persegi dan penduduknya berjumlah 13.000 jiwa ([[1991]]).\n{{coord|4|48|0|N|114|39|0|E|region:BN_type:city_source:nlwiki|display=title}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Brunei|Tutong]]\n\n\n{{negara-geo-stub|Brunei}}","hash":"603df44d73eaeab2009ae894cec9ec615ec00be135f9621a5ba3d349720a48d9","last_revision":"2022-12-19T05:11:13Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T10:03:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.130277","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"توتونغ","ceb":"Tutong (kapital sa distrito sa Burnay)","de":"Tutong (Stadt)","en":"Tutong (town)","fa":"توتونگ (شهر)","fr":"Pekan Tutong","he":"פקאן טוטונג","it":"Tutong","ja":"プカン・ツトン","lt":"Tutongas (miestas)","ms":"Pekan Tutong","nl":"Pekan Tutong","pl":"Pekan Tutong","pt":"Pekan Tutong","sv":"Tutong","tr":"Pekan Tutong","war":"Pekan Tutong"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"Pekan Tutong adalah sebuah kota kecil di Brunei yang merupakan ibu kota Daerah Tutong. Kota ini memiliki luas 4 kilometer persegi dan penduduknya berjumlah 13.000 jiwa (1991).\n\nTutong\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pekan Tutong adalah sebuah kota kecil di Brunei yang merupakan ibu kota Daerah Tutong.","translated_text":"Pekan Tutong is a small town in Brunei that is the capital of Tutong Region.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota ini memiliki luas 4 kilometer persegi dan penduduknya berjumlah 13.000 jiwa (1991).","translated_text":"The city covers an area of 4 square kilometres and has a population of 13,000 (1991).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tutong","translated_text":"Cover it up.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kesultanan Inderapura","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kerajaan Inderapura]]","hash":"fe4c765c9f1eef9cd99ead85af5feeb42c0510ff29b0387c22e06ca7d746670c","last_revision":"2010-10-25T10:10:44Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T10:10:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.177682","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kerajaan Inderapura\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kerajaan Inderapura","translated_text":"The Kingdom of Inderapura","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Herrsching","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Herrsching am Ammersee]]","hash":"4c6ab030d6a445fbaf37c838425bcfdde9140c3500d3b399f5326e8d3ed18322","last_revision":"2010-10-25T10:20:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T10:20:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.232860","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Herrsching am Ammersee\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Herrsching am Ammersee","translated_text":"I'm herring ammersee","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Uzbekistan","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Uzbekistan|Asia}}","hash":"b3bb1854ed3d50b781735c39fad3fe54c60d8e96a3a08940965e436dc9d69133","last_revision":"2013-04-05T16:53:39Z","first_revision":"2009-09-01T06:19:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.289313","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة جغرافيا أوزبكستان","el":"Κατηγορία:Ουζμπεκιστάν γεωγραφία-επέκταση","en":"Category:Uzbekistan geography stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Uzbekistango geografia zirriborroak","ilo":"Kategoria:Dagiti pungol nga artikulo ti heograpia ti Uzbekistan","it":"Categoria:Stub - geografia dell'Uzbekistan","ms":"Kategori:Tunas geografi Uzbekistan","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia do Uzbequistão","sq":"Kategoria:UZ-gjeo-cung","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Мақолаҳои нопурра аз ҷуғрофияи Ӯзбакистон","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Узбекистану","ur":"زمرہ:ازبکستان جغرافیہ نامکمل","uz":"Turkum:Oʻzbekiston geografiyasiga oid chala maqolalar","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai địa lý Uzbekistan","zh":"Category:烏茲別克斯坦地理小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.414280","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Laos","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Laos|Asia}}","hash":"fc815fa02a436d6aa08c314fc5071d04e969ba7c0a4a3b39cc3c90bdd9ed2b77","last_revision":"2013-04-06T13:13:25Z","first_revision":"2009-09-01T06:10:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.345241","cross_lingual_links":{"el":"Κατηγορία:Λάος γεωγραφία-επέκταση","en":"Category:Laos geography stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Laosko geografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد جغرافیای لائوس","my":"ကဏ္ဍ:လာအိုနိုင်ငံ ပထဝီဝင် ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia do Laos","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Мақолаҳои нопурра аз ҷуғрофияи Лаос","th":"หมวดหมู่:บทความเกี่ยวกับ ภูมิศาสตร์ลาว ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Лаосу","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai địa lý Lào","zh":"Category:老撾地理小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Timor Leste","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Timor Leste|Oseania}}","hash":"826bbe366faddbf766ea9e1d4829ddbc3e6971575737f8e74a207cf08a070531","last_revision":"2009-09-02T14:29:18Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T14:01:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.413908","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:Timor-Leste geography stubs","ilo":"Kategoria:Dagiti pungol nga artikulo ti heograpia ti Daya a Timor","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia de Timor-Leste","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Східного Тимору","ur":"زمرہ:مشرقی تیمور جغرافیہ نامکمل","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai địa lý Đông Timor"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Serbia","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Serbia|Eropa}}","hash":"800b51e89e71a69ac6cca9d060fde367d2054a47ec48e52c5cfb7e44a3cd4b1b","last_revision":"2013-03-31T05:15:06Z","first_revision":"2009-09-01T07:14:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.466130","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة جغرافيا صربيا","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte artikler om Serbiens geografi","en":"Category:Serbia geography stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Serbiako geografia zirriborroak","ga":"Catagóir:Síolta tíreolaíochta na Seirbia","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר גאוגרפיה של סרביה","mk":"Категорија:Географски никулци за Србија","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia da Sérvia","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi legate de geografia Serbiei","sk":"Kategória:Srbské geografické výhonky","sl":"Kategorija:Škrbine o geografiji Srbije","sq":"Kategoria:RS-gjeo-cung","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Сербії","ur":"زمرہ:جغرافیہ سربیا کے نامکمل مضامین","uz":"Turkum:Serbiya geografiyasiga oid chala maqolalar","zh":"Category:塞爾維亞地理小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Angola","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Angola|Afrika}}","hash":"b7f9029268ba938b6379761b6ad76c58769df1cda07e39f62d141c18a8caa32a","last_revision":"2009-09-02T13:34:32Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T13:34:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.519204","cross_lingual_links":{"da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte artikler om Angolas geografi","en":"Category:Angola geography stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Angolako geografia zirriborroak","ilo":"Kategoria:Dagiti pungol nga artikulo ti heograpia ti Angola","mk":"Категорија:Географски никулци за Ангола","ms":"Kategori:Tunas geografi Angola","my":"ကဏ္ဍ:အင်ဂိုလာနိုင်ငံ၏ ပထဝီဝင်ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia de Angola","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi legate de geografia Angolei","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Анголи","ur":"زمرہ:انگولہ جغرافیہ نامکمل","uz":"Turkum:Angola geografiyasiga oid chala maqolalar","zh":"Category:安哥拉地理小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Arginase","wikicode":"[[Berkas: 1hq5.jpg|jmpl|300 px|Arginase, Rat.]]\n'''Arginase''' adalah [[enzim]] [[katalis]] [[proses kimiawi|proses]] [[hidrolisis]] [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] [[arginina]] menjadi [[ornitina]] dan [[urea]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/383\n| title = ARG1 arginase, liver [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\nPaling tidak terdapat dua [[isoform]] arginase pada [[eukariota]]. Tipe I yang memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik ARG1 merupakan enzim [[sitosol]]ik dan banyak ditemukan pada [[hati]] sebagai komponen dari [[siklus urea]]. Defisiensi pada enzim ini disebut [[argininemia]] dengan [[simtoma]] [[hiperamonemia]]. Tipe II memiliki berkas genetik ARG2,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/384\n| title = ARG2 arginase, type II [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] dan terdapat pada [[mitokondria]] [[jaringan]] ekstra-hepatik, terutama pada [[ginjal]]. ARG-2 dianggap berperan dalam [[metabolisme]] [[nitrogen monoksida|NO]] dan [[poliamina]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Enzim}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]","hash":"644fd2b655b33bf3678f35b708252ad9d95e3622918f7731bdfe6271e7915d59","last_revision":"2023-12-29T03:18:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T10:46:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.572950","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أرجيناز","bs":"Arginaza","ca":"Arginasa","el":"Αργινάση","en":"Arginase","es":"Arginasa","fi":"Arginaasi","fr":"Arginase","it":"Arginasi","ja":"アルギナーゼ","ko":"아르지네이스","pl":"Arginaza","pt":"Arginase","ru":"Аргиназа","sh":"Arginaza","sr":"Arginaza","uk":"Аргіназа","zh":"精氨酸酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"Arginase adalah enzim katalis proses hidrolisis senyawa arginina menjadi ornitina dan urea.\n\nPaling tidak terdapat dua isoform arginase pada eukariota. Tipe I yang memiliki berkas genetik ARG1 merupakan enzim sitosolik dan banyak ditemukan pada hati sebagai komponen dari siklus urea. Defisiensi pada enzim ini disebut argininemia dengan simtoma hiperamonemia. Tipe II memiliki berkas genetik ARG2, dan terdapat pada mitokondria jaringan ekstra-hepatik, terutama pada ginjal. ARG-2 dianggap berperan dalam metabolisme NO dan poliamina.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Arginase adalah enzim katalis proses hidrolisis senyawa arginina menjadi ornitina dan urea.","translated_text":"Arginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine compounds into ornitins and urea.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/383 | title = ARG1 arginase, liver [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/383","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":239997,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:15.633655-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77587890625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Paling tidak terdapat dua isoform arginase pada eukariota.","translated_text":"There are at least two arginase isoforms in eukaryotes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tipe I yang memiliki berkas genetik ARG1 merupakan enzim sitosolik dan banyak ditemukan pada hati sebagai komponen dari siklus urea.","translated_text":"Type I containing ARG1 is a cytosolic enzyme and is widely found in the liver as a component of the urea cycle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Defisiensi pada enzim ini disebut argininemia dengan simtoma hiperamonemia.","translated_text":"A deficiency in this enzyme is called argininemia with a symptom of hyperamonemia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tipe II memiliki berkas genetik ARG2, dan terdapat pada mitokondria jaringan ekstra-hepatik, terutama pada ginjal.","translated_text":"Type II has the genetic file ARG2, and is found in the mitochondria of extra-hepatic tissue, especially in the kidneys.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/384 | title = ARG2 arginase, type II [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/384","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":235584,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:18.394586-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75732421875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"ARG-2 dianggap berperan dalam metabolisme NO dan poliamina.","translated_text":"ARG-2 is thought to play a role in NO and polyamine metabolism.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Arginase adalah enzim katalis proses hidrolisis senyawa arginina menjadi ornitina dan urea.","translated_text":"Arginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine compounds into ornitins and urea.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/383 | title = ARG1 arginase, liver [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/383","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":239997,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:15.633655-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77587890625}]},{"text":"Tipe I yang memiliki berkas genetik ARG1 merupakan enzim sitosolik dan banyak ditemukan pada hati sebagai komponen dari siklus urea. Defisiensi pada enzim ini disebut argininemia dengan simtoma hiperamonemia. Tipe II memiliki berkas genetik ARG2, dan terdapat pada mitokondria jaringan ekstra-hepatik, terutama pada ginjal.","translated_text":"Type I containing ARG1 is a cytosolic enzyme and is widely found in the liver as a component of the urea cycle. A deficiency in this enzyme is called argininemia with a symptom of hyperamonemia. Type II has the genetic file ARG2, and is found in the mitochondria of extra-hepatic tissue, especially in the kidneys.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/384 | title = ARG2 arginase, type II [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":246,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/384","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":235584,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:18.394586-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75732421875}]}]}
+{"title":"Bangar, Brunei","wikicode":"{{Infobox settlement\n| official_name = Bangar\n| type = Town\n| imagesize =\n| nickname = Rainforest city or interior city\n| pushpin_map = Brunei\n| map_caption = Location in Brunei\n| latd = 4 |latm=42 |lats=30 |latNS=N\n| longd = 115 |longm=4 |longs=25 |longEW=E\n| coordinates_display = inline,title\n| coordinates_region = BN\n| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]\n| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brunei}}\n| area_total_km2 = 10\n| population_as_of = 2008\n| population_total = 3,970\n| population_density_km2 = 397\n| timezone = \n| utc_offset = +8\n| postal_code_type =\n| postal_code =\n| area_code =\n| blank_name_sec1 = [[Mean solar time]]\n| blank_info_sec1 = UTC+07:39:00\n| website = [http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/ municipal-bsb.gov.bn]\n}}\n\n'''Bangar''' adalah sebuah [[Daftar kota di Brunei|kota]] di [[Brunei]] yang merupakan ibu kota dari distrik [[Temburong]]. Penduduknya berjumlah 3.970 jiwa.\n\n[[Kategori:Kota di Brunei]]\n\n\n{{negara-geo-stub|Brunei}}","hash":"c2098d700d723e1a1b8ed598fa26f479544eaef2d2184698518c7a2a4c95e892","last_revision":"2023-01-12T09:44:31Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T10:51:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.632401","cross_lingual_links":{"ceb":"Bangar (kapital sa distrito)","en":"Bangar, Brunei","fr":"Bangar (Brunei)","he":"באנגאר","hy":"Բանգար","it":"Bangar (Temburong)","ja":"バンガル","ko":"방아르","lt":"Bangaras","ms":"Pekan Bangar","nl":"Bangar (Brunei)","pl":"Bangar","pt":"Bangar","ru":"Бангар","sv":"Bangar, Brunei","tr":"Bangar","uk":"Банґар (Бруней)","ur":"بانگار, برونائی","war":"Bangar, Brunei","zh":"邦阿"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"Bangar adalah sebuah kota di Brunei yang merupakan ibu kota dari distrik Temburong. Penduduknya berjumlah 3.970 jiwa.\n\nKategori:Kota di Brunei\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox settlement\n| official_name = Bangar\n| type = Town\n| imagesize =\n| nickname = Rainforest city or interior city\n| pushpin_map = Brunei\n| map_caption = Location in Brunei\n| latd = 4 |latm=42 |lats=30 |latNS=N\n| longd = 115 |longm=4 |longs=25 |longEW=E\n| coordinates_display = inline,title\n| coordinates_region = BN\n| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]\n| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brunei}}\n| area_total_km2 = 10\n| population_as_of = 2008\n| population_total = 3,970\n| population_density_km2 = 397\n| timezone = \n| utc_offset = +8\n| postal_code_type =\n| postal_code =\n| area_code =\n| blank_name_sec1 = [[Mean solar time]]\n| blank_info_sec1 = UTC+07:39:00\n| website = [http://www.municipal-bsb.gov.bn/ municipal-bsb.gov.bn]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bangar adalah sebuah kota di Brunei yang merupakan ibu kota dari distrik Temburong.","translated_text":"Bangar is a city in Brunei that is the capital of Temburong district.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penduduknya berjumlah 3.970 jiwa.","translated_text":"Its population is 3,970.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kota di Brunei","translated_text":"Category:Cities in Brunei","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pesantren Pamangkih","wikicode":"#ALIH[[Pondok Pesantren Putera Ibnul Amin]]","hash":"919f9675fe64a0dbef5f48cbc6390e5b82df33b54d6174fac8eec24b8f079e50","last_revision":"2010-10-25T11:31:25Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T11:31:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.687921","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIHPondok Pesantren Putera Ibnul Amin\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIHPondok Pesantren Putera Ibnul Amin","translated_text":"The family of Prince Ibnul Amin","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Korea Utara","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Korea Utara|Asia}}","hash":"a483cc777fe9f7e971aaa97d1aad0fa3a1609303cfb70be688f577a046196ed3","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.803482","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:North Korean people stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Ipar Koreako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité nord-coréenne","it":"Categoria:Stub - nordcoreani","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Coreea de Nord","tr":"Kategori:Kuzey Koreli taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Північної Кореї"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Timor Leste","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Timor Leste|Asia}}","hash":"a63702f8f3612456aeadca4aaec2add2dc347c0b0c82f670ae72602204a46503","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.867193","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:East Timorese people stubs"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Yunani","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Yunani|Eropa}}","hash":"aee97023cf294422ef98d394e784c8410cdae3986e17df64a2c83a5bb73e8e17","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:38Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:08.952564","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام اليونان","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за гърци","ca":"Categoria:Esborranys de grecs","cy":"Categori:Egin Groegiaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om grækere","diq":"Kategori:Teslağê Yunani","en":"Category:Greek people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri grekoj","eu":"Kategoria:Greziako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité grecque","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר יוונים","it":"Categoria:Stub - greci","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Graikijos asmenybės","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Грци","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Greci","tr":"Kategori:Yunan taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Греції","ur":"زمرہ:یونانی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:希腊人物小作品","zh-yue":"Category:希臘人物楔類"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Skotlandia","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Skotlandia|Eropa}}","hash":"02233ca5a734f1a30b15cc08ade762f1938f508e311d27fa87b4ea5e1f3231ce","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:42Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.015375","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام إسكتلندا","cy":"Categori:Egin Albanwyr","en":"Category:Scottish people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri skotoj","eu":"Kategoria:Eskoziako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité écossaise","kw":"Klass:Stokkys ow tuchya tus a Alban","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Škotijos asmenybės","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Шкоти","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Scoțieni","tr":"Kategori:İskoç taslakları","zh-yue":"Category:蘇格蘭人物楔類"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Wales","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Wales|Eropa}}","hash":"d2200fa6fa1a3422e8d03c46b48f3d1926585a0d1fa8fd603058558d4ce5183d","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:51Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.070961","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Categoria:Esborranys de gal·lesos","cy":"Categori:Egin Cymry","en":"Category:Welsh people stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Galesko biografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد اهالی ولز","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité galloise","hu":"Kategória:Csonkok (walesi életrajz)","kw":"Klass:Stokkys ow tuchya tus a Gembra","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Galezi","tr":"Kategori:Galli taslakları"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Turki","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Turki|Eropa}}","hash":"bd3e4edd08ef76d851b40c3944c2fdde45164180a98e7f46b86782f6d836b6ad","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:53Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:10:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.130413","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام تركيا","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:তুর্কি ব্যক্তি অসম্পূর্ণ","ca":"Categoria:Esborranys de turcs","cy":"Categori:Egin pobl o Dwrci","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om tyrkere","en":"Category:Turkish people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri turkoj","eu":"Kategoria:Turkiako biografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد اهالی ترکیه","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité turque","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר טורקים","it":"Categoria:Stub - turchi","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Турци","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Turci","tr":"Kategori:Türk taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Туреччини","ur":"زمرہ:ترک شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:土耳其人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Ceko","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Ceko|Eropa}}","hash":"4a9c7145d3790b7956539d700aa44bf34d8e629c896cf080877c04f36e6a5f21","last_revision":"2015-07-23T16:25:09Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:11:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.194354","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام التشيك","cy":"Categori:Egin Tsieciaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om tjekker","en":"Category:Czech people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri ĉeĥoj","eu":"Kategoria:Txekiako biografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد اهالی چک","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité tchèque","hu":"Kategória:Csonkok (cseh életrajz)","it":"Categoria:Stub - cechi","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Чеси","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Cehi","tr":"Kategori:Çek taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Чехії","ur":"زمرہ:چیک شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:捷克人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Hungaria","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Hungaria|Eropa}}","hash":"5324da42f37bc7791830df815df1e10394c2dce93128699a5430a2ca5fcd1879","last_revision":"2023-04-25T01:13:50Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:11:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.248926","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام المجر","cy":"Categori:Egin Hwngariaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om ungarere","en":"Category:Hungarian people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri hungaroj","eu":"Kategoria:Hungariako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité hongroise","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר הונגרים","it":"Categoria:Stub - ungheresi","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Унгарци","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Maghiari","tr":"Kategori:Macar taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Угорщини","ur":"زمرہ:مجارستانی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:匈牙利人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Thailand","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Thailand|Asia}}","hash":"e7f9369ba2e713e099cf8712afdf03875006d6096ef2557dd3ee985b94f7cc1e","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:11:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:11:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.300537","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:Thai people stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Thailandiako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité thaïlandaise","it":"Categoria:Stub - thailandesi","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Thailandezi","tr":"Kategori:Taylandlı taslakları","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai nhân vật Thái Lan","zh":"Category:泰国人物小作品","zh-yue":"Category:泰國人物楔類"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Protein S","wikicode":"'''Protein S''' ({{lang-en|protein S (alpha)}}) adalah [[plasma darah|plasma]] [[glikoprotein]] yang disintesis oleh [[sel endotelial|endotelium]], dengan berkas [[gen]]etik [[PROS1]],[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5627\n| title = PROS1 protein S (alpha) [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = UniProt\n}}] yang terletak pada [[kromosom 3 (manusia)|kromosom 3]],[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829367\n| title = Genes for human vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins C and S are located on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont; Long GL, Marshall A, Gardner JC, Naylor SL.\n}}] lokasi 3q11.2.\n\nDalam sirkulasi darah, protein S akan membentuk senyawa kompleks dengan [[komponen komplemen 4|C4b]], dan berfungsi sebagai [[kofaktor]] dari sejenis [[protease]] anti-koagulan yang disebut [[protein C|APC]] untuk menghambat [[koagulasi]] [[darah]].\n\nMutasi genetik pada [[protein]] ini dapat menyebabkan [[trombofilia]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n{{Darah}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor koagulasi]]","hash":"b271223cc59a2c9e61b6e6059ef56ab35bc6b0fe21ffba4881012d80e2809677","last_revision":"2019-11-29T13:07:46Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:14:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.359323","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بروتين إس","cy":"PROS1","de":"Protein S","en":"Protein S","es":"Proteína S","et":"S-valk","eu":"S proteina","fi":"Proteiini S","fr":"Protéine S","gl":"Proteína S","hr":"Protein S","it":"Proteina S","ja":"プロテインS","nl":"Proteïne S","pl":"Białko S","uk":"PROS1"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"Protein S () adalah plasma glikoprotein yang disintesis oleh endotelium, dengan berkas genetik PROS1, yang terletak pada kromosom 3, lokasi 3q11.2.\n\nDalam sirkulasi darah, protein S akan membentuk senyawa kompleks dengan C4b, dan berfungsi sebagai kofaktor dari sejenis protease anti-koagulan yang disebut APC untuk menghambat koagulasi darah.\n\nMutasi genetik pada protein ini dapat menyebabkan trombofilia.\n\nKategori:Faktor koagulasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein S () adalah plasma glikoprotein yang disintesis oleh endotelium, dengan berkas genetik PROS1, yang terletak pada kromosom 3, lokasi 3q11.2.","translated_text":"Protein S () is a plasma glycoprotein synthesized by the endotelium, with the genetic file PROS1, located on chromosome 3, location 3q11.2.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5627 | title = PROS1 protein S (alpha) [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = UniProt }}]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5627","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":233065,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:22.202662-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829367 | title = Genes for human vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins C and S are located on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont; Long GL, Marshall A, Gardner JC, Naylor SL. }}]","char_index":132,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829367","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151223,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.066069-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.716796875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam sirkulasi darah, protein S akan membentuk senyawa kompleks dengan C4b, dan berfungsi sebagai kofaktor dari sejenis protease anti-koagulan yang disebut APC untuk menghambat koagulasi darah.","translated_text":"In the bloodstream, the S protein will form complex compounds with C4b, and serve as a cofactor of a type of anti-coagulant protease called APC to inhibit blood clotting.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mutasi genetik pada protein ini dapat menyebabkan trombofilia.","translated_text":"Genetic mutations in this protein can cause thrombophilia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor koagulasi","translated_text":"Coagulation factors:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Protein S () adalah plasma glikoprotein yang disintesis oleh endotelium, dengan berkas genetik PROS1, yang terletak pada kromosom 3, lokasi 3q11.2.","translated_text":"Protein S () is a plasma glycoprotein synthesized by the endotelium, with the genetic file PROS1, located on chromosome 3, location 3q11.2.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5627 | title = PROS1 protein S (alpha) [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = UniProt }}]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5627","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":233065,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:22.202662-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78271484375},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829367 | title = Genes for human vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins C and S are located on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont; Long GL, Marshall A, Gardner JC, Naylor SL. }}]","char_index":132,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829367","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":151223,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.066069-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.716796875}]}]}
+{"title":"Disko","wikicode":"{{Infobox Music genre\n|name=Disko\n|bgcolor=gold\n|color=black\n|stylistic_origins= {{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[musik soul|soul]]|[[musik Latin]]|[[Musik pop|pop]]}}\n|cultural_origins={{hlist|Akhir [[1960-an]] – awal [[1970-an]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Kanada]][(2007) ''The 1970s'', ISBN 978-0-313-33919-6, p.203–204: \"During the late 1960s various male counterculture groups, most notably gay, but also heterosexual black and Latino, created an alternative to rock'n'roll, which was dominated by white — and presumably heterosexual — men. This alternative was disco\"]}}\n|instruments= {{hlist|[[Lagu|Nyanyian]]|[[gitar elektrik]]|[[gitar bas]]|[[kibor]]|[[penyintesis]]|[[drumset|drum]]|[[mesin drum]]|[[instrumen musik perkusi|instrumen perkusi]]|[[alat musik dawai]]|[[trompet|horn]]|[[orkestra]]}}\n|popularity={{hlist|Puncak kepopuleran pada pertengahan tahun 1970-an hingga awal 1980-an}}\n|derivatives={{hlist|[[musik Afro/Cosmic|Afro/Cosmic]]|[[Hi-NRG]]|[[disko Italo]]|[[House music|house]]|[[post-disco]]|[[hip-hop|hip hop]]|[[new wave]]|[[garage house]]|[[pop elektro]]|[[freestyle]]}}\n| subgenrelist = Daftar genre musik disko\n| subgenres = {{hlist|[[Euro disco]]|[[space disco]]|[[disco polo]]|[[nu-disco]]}}\n|fusiongenres={{hlist|[[Dance-punk]]|[[Manila Sound]]}}\n|regional_scenes= '''[[Amerika Serikat]]''': [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Atlanta]], [[Miami]], [[Los Angeles|LA]]
'''[[Kanada]]''': [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], [[Vancouver]], [[Ottawa]]\n|other_topics={{hlist|[[Diskotek]]|[[kelab malam]]|[[orkestrasi]]|[[Daftar artis disko|artis disko]]|[[rhythm and blues]]}}\n}}\n[[Berkas:Disco ball4.jpg|250px|ka|jmpl|[[Bola disko]] yang sering digantung di atas lantai [[diskotek]].]]\n'''Disko''' adalah salah satu aliran [[musik]] untuk [[dansa]] yang berkembang pada tahun [[1970-an]] di klub-klub dansa [[Amerika Serikat]]. [[Disjoki]] di klub dansa memutar serangkaian lagu dari [[piringan hitam]] tanpa terputus agar orang dapat terus menari tanpa berhenti. Istilah ''disko'' juga dipakai untuk acara, ruang atau gedung tempat orang berdansa/menari diiringi rekaman musik sebagai bentuk hiburan. Disko berasal dari kata ''discothèque'', [[bahasa Prancis]] untuk ''klub dansa'',[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}] [[bahasa Indonesia]]: diskotek). Di [[diskotek]], diputar musik yang dipakai sebagai musik pengiring dansa.[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]\n\n== Sejarah ==\n=== Awal kelahiran ===\nMusik disko lahir pada awal tahun 1970-an ketika dansa-dansi sudah menjadi usang dan [[musik rock]] yang dimainkan pemusik [[kulit putih]] sedang berjaya.[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn=\t0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}] Fenomena disko berakar dari perpaduan artistik kaum gay dan klub-klub underground, terutama klub-klub gay Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an.[[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye], The New York Times, December 10, 2002][[http://www.jahsonic.com/VinceAletti.html Rangkuman dari artikel pertama mengenai disko]] Acara disko pertama di radio disiarkan oleh [[WPIX-FM]] di New York City pada tahun [[1974]].[{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |title=discomusic.com Timeline first disco radio show |access-date=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]\n\nPada tahun [[1973]], lagu-lagu berirama [[funk]] menjadi populer, misalnya: \"[[Why Can't We Live Together]]\" dari [[Timmy Thomas]], \"[[Superstition (lagu)|Superstition]]\" dan \"[[Higher Ground (lagu Stevie Wonder)|Higher Ground]]\" dari [[Stevie Wonder]], dan \"[[Keep on Truckin' (lagu)|Keep on Truckin']]\" dari [[Eddie Kendricks]].[{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= |title=One Hit Wonder: Alicia Bridges |journal=Atlanta Magazine |publisher= |volume= |issue=Juni 2003 |pages=109-111 |url= |doi= }}]\n\nCiri khas lagu disko yang lebih mementingkan [[tempo (musik)|tempo]] daripada suara nyanyian membuat produser rekaman seperti [[Giorgio Moroder]], [[Frank Farian]], [[Pete Bellotte]], dan [[Mauro Malavasi]] ikut serta sebagai pencipta lagu-lagu hit untuk berdisko.[{{cite web |title=Disco: A Decade of Saturday Nights |url=http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128 |date= |work= |publisher=empsfm.org |accessdate=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2009-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827054010/http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128 |dead-url=yes }}][{{cite web |title=Disco Roots: Disco Timeline |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |date= |work= |publisher=Disco Music.com |accessdate=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}] Setelah itu, klub-klub disko mulai bermunculan, dan tidak hanya di New York.[{{cite web |title=Studio 54: History |url=http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2009-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219222848/http://roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |dead-url=yes }}]\n\nDisko di kalangan [[gay]] diwakili oleh [[Village People]] yang berhasil menciptakan dua lagu hit pada tahun 1979, \"[[In the Navy]]\" dan \"[[Go West (lagu)|Go West]]\". Sebelumnya, penyanyi gay [[Sylvester (penyanyi)|Sylvester]] mencetak lagu hit \"[[You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)]]\" pada tahun [[1978]].\n\n=== Kesuksesan Saturday Night Fever ===\nKembalinya kepopuleran [[Bee Gees]] pada tahun [[1976]] ditandai oleh lagu \"[[You Should Be Dancing]]\" yang sampai di urutan nomor satu di [[Billboard Hot 100]] sebelum menduduki tangga lagu [[Hot Dance Club Songs|Hot Dance Club Play]] selama 7 minggu berturut-turut, dan mencapai peringkat 5 [[UK Singles Chart]] pada bulan Juli tahun sama.[Roberts, David. Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums. Guinness World Records Ltd 17th edition (2004), p. 52 ISBN 0-85112-199-3] Lagu \"You Should Be Dancing\" kemudian dipakai dalam film laris ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'' yang melambungkan [[John Travolta]] sebagai raja disko pada tahun [[1978]]. Dari album soundtrack film ''[[Saturday Night Fever: The Original Movie Sound Track|Saturday Night Fever]]'' Bee Gees berhasil mencetak lagu hit \"[[Night Fever]]\". Kelarisan film dan album ''Saturday Night Fever'' menjadikan disko sebagai hobi baru generasi muda Amerika. Pada tahun [[1979]], pendapatan dari industri musik disko di Amerika Serikat sebesar AS$4 miliar per tahun. Di Amerika Serikat waktu itu diperkirakan ada sekitar 15.000 diskotek.[{{cite web |title=ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |date=December 10, 2002 |work= |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=2010-10-25}}] Di kota-kota besar, diskotek dipadati oleh penggemar disko yang berpakaian meniru pemeran film ''Saturday Night Fever''. Pengunjung pria mengenakan [[jas|setelan]] tiga potong dari bahan [[poliester]] seperti yang dikenakan John Travolta ketika memerankan Tony Manero, lengkap dengan [[sepatu]] berhak tinggi dan [[liontin]] emas.[(2001) \"Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture\", ISBN 0-415-16161-4, 9780415161619, p.217: \"In fact, by 1977, before punk spread, there was a \"disco sucks\" movement sponsored by radio stations that attracted suburban white youth, who insisted that disco was escapist, synthetic and overproduced.\"][[http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj78.php] [[Robert Christgau]] for the [[Village Voice]] Pop & Jop Poll 1978 January 22, 1979] Puncak gerakan antidisko adalah acara [[Disco Demolition Night]] yang diadakan di Stadion [[Comiskey Park]], [[12 Juli]] [[1979]]. Penyelenggara acara adalah DJ radio bernama Steve Dahl dibantu direktur promosi [[Chicago White Sox]] bernama [[Mike Veeck]]. Ketidaksenangan Veeck pada disko didukung Dahl yang sering mengatakan \"Disco sucks!\" sepanjang siaran.[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}] Puncak acara berupa penyalaan api anggun di tengah lapangan yang membakar kira-kira 10.000 keping piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko. Namun pembakaran tersebut diartikan penonton sebagai aba-aba untuk memulai kekacauan.[{{cite book|title=Baseball in the American League Central Division|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballinameric0000port|last=Porterfield|first=Jason|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2009|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|location=|isbn=1-4358-5042-4|pages=}}] Penonton berlarian ke lapangan, merobohkan kandang latihan memukul dan menjarahi pemukul bisbol hingga pertandingan kedua dihentikan.\n\nDisko kehilangan momentumnya ketika tahun 1970-an berubah menjadi 1980-an. Meskipun demikian, disko tidak mati, melainkan bermutasi menjadi berbagai macam genre musik dance, mulai dari ''[[dance-pop]]'' dan [[hip-hop]] hingga [[house music]] dan [[techno]].[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.discomusic.com/ disco music.com]: situs web khusus musik disko\n* {{en}} [http://www.discosavvy.com/ Disco Savvy]: daftar kronologis lagu-lagu disko\n* {{en}} [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/46031/sexy-days-of-disco Sexy Days of Disco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819181136/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/46031/sexy-days-of-disco |date=2010-08-19 }}: slideshow majalah ''[[Life (majalah)|Life]]''\n\n[[Kategori:Disko| ]]\n[[Kategori:Musik tahun 1970-an]]\n[[Kategori:Budaya LGBT]]","hash":"0185822c6386362467f9db603649e9624a7e92b7696e0df71e8ebc85598e0329","last_revision":"2023-06-22T14:56:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:16:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:09.416327","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"موسيقى الديسكو","arz":"ديسكو","ast":"Música discu","az":"Disko","bg":"Диско","ca":"Música disco","ckb":"دیسکۆ","cs":"Disco","cy":"Disgo","da":"Disco","de":"Disco (Musik)","el":"Disco","en":"Disco","eo":"Diskoo","es":"Música disco","et":"Diskomuusika","eu":"Disco musika","fa":"دیسکو","fi":"Disko (musiikinlaji)","fr":"Disco","ga":"Dioscó","gl":"Música disco","he":"דיסקו","hi":"डिस्को","hr":"Disco","hu":"Diszkó","ia":"Musica disco","io":"Disco","is":"Diskó","it":"Disco music","ja":"ディスコ (音楽)","ka":"დისკო","kk":"Диско","ko":"디스코","ku":"Dîsko","la":"Musica discothecica","lfn":"Disco","lmo":"Disco","lt":"Disko","lv":"Disko","mk":"Диско","ml":"ഡിസ്കോ","ms":"Disko","nl":"Disco (muziekgenre)","nn":"Disco","nb":"Disco","oc":"Disco","pl":"Disco","pt":"Música disco","ro":"Muzică disco","ru":"Диско","sh":"Disco","simple":"Disco","sk":"Disko","sr":"Диско музика","sv":"Disco","ta":"திசுக்கோ","th":"ดิสโก","tr":"Disko","uk":"Диско","ur":"ڈسکو","uz":"Disko","vi":"Disco","wuu":"迪斯科","zh":"迪斯科","zh-min-nan":"Disco","zh-yue":"的士高音樂"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"Disko adalah salah satu aliran musik untuk dansa yang berkembang pada tahun 1970-an di klub-klub dansa Amerika Serikat. Disjoki di klub dansa memutar serangkaian lagu dari piringan hitam tanpa terputus agar orang dapat terus menari tanpa berhenti. Istilah disko juga dipakai untuk acara, ruang atau gedung tempat orang berdansa/menari diiringi rekaman musik sebagai bentuk hiburan. Disko berasal dari kata discothèque, bahasa Prancis untuk klub dansa, bahasa Indonesia: diskotek). Di diskotek, diputar musik yang dipakai sebagai musik pengiring dansa. Istilah disko awalnya secara spesifik dipakai untuk musik dansa Afrika-Amerika. Namun pada 1970-an, istilah disko dipakai untuk menyebut semua musik dansa yang sedang populer.\n\nDi diskotek, para DJ secara khusus memainkan piringan hitam berirama soul dan funk yang cocok dipakai untuk berdansa. Setelah sering diputar di lantai disko, lagu-lagu tersebut mulai sering diputar di radio-radio dan laris terjual. Lagu-lagu disko yang menjadi hit sepanjang tahun 1970-an di antaranya \"Fly, Robin, Fly\" (1975) dan \"Get Up and Boogie\" (1979) dari Silver Convention, \"Get Dancin\" (1975) dari Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes, \"The Groove Line\" dan \"Boogie Nights\" (1977) dari Heatwave, \"I Love the Nightlife\" dari Alicia Bridges, \"Brick House\" (1977) dari The Commodores, \"I Will Survive\" (1978) dari Gloria Gaynor, \"Ring My Bell\" (1979) dari Anita Ward, \"Y.M.C.A\" (1978) dari Village People, dan \"We Are Family\" dari Sister Sledge.\n\nMusik disko lahir pada awal tahun 1970-an ketika dansa-dansi sudah menjadi usang dan musik rock yang dimainkan pemusik kulit putih sedang berjaya. Di klub malam dan gedung pertunjukan di utara Inggris, seperti di Blackpool Mecca dan Wigan Casino, pengunjung kulit hitam berdansa beramai-ramai diiringi koleksi piringan hitam R&B dari tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an yang nantinya dikenal sebagai musik northern soul.\n\nSementara itu, di Inggris selatan, benua Eropa, dan komunitas-komunitas gay terjadi kecenderungan untuk kembali ke musik pop untuk berdansa yang dipengaruhi oleh musik orang kulit hitam. Di Amerika Serikat, generasi muda orang kulit putih sedang menggemari musik orang kulit hitam yang dirilis bukan oleh label mayor yang berkedudukan di New York dan Los Angeles, melainkan oleh label-label independen seperti TK Records dari Miami, Philadelphia International Records dan All Platinum Records dari New Jersey.\n\nSebelum berkembang sebagai sebuah kategori artistik yang akhirnya mencakup gerakan-gerakan tari berikut gaya busana dan model rambut, istilah disko dipakai untuk sebuah konteks musik baru yang dirintis para disc jockey di klub-klub dansa underground di New York City yang ramai dikunjungi terutama oleh kalangan minoritas (Afrika-Amerika dan Latino) serta gay. Fenomena disko berakar dari perpaduan artistik kaum gay dan klub-klub underground, terutama klub-klub gay Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an. Dengan memakai dua pemutar piringan hitam, para DJ memutar lagu-lagu yang sebagian besar berirama soul, funk, dan Latin dari piringan hitam. Para DJ waktu itu mulai menciptakan aliran musik tak terputus di pesta-pesta dansa yang diadakan di kelab malam, loteng, dan bar mengikuti gaya DJ Francis Grasso yang bekerja di diskotek gay Sanctuary, New York City.\n\nPiringan hitam musik dansa yang menjadi hit pada tahun 1972 adalah lagu berirama funk \"Get on the Good Foot\" dari James Brown dan \"I'll Be Around\" dari grup vokal The Spinners yang beraliran R&B. Artikel pertama mengenai disko ditulis oleh Vince Aletti pada September 1973 untuk majalah Rolling Stone. Acara disko pertama di radio disiarkan oleh WPIX-FM di New York City pada tahun 1974.\n\nPada tahun 1973, lagu-lagu berirama funk menjadi populer, misalnya: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" dari Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" dan \"Higher Ground\" dari Stevie Wonder, dan \"Keep on Truckin'\" dari Eddie Kendricks. Meskipun demikian, industri rekaman lambat menyadari adanya tren musik baru hingga kata \"rock\" mulai disisipkan pada judul-judul lagu yang diciptakan untuk dipakai berdisko. George McCrae membuat hit pada tahun 1974 dengan \"Rock Your Baby\" dan Hues Corporation menempatkan lagu \"Rock the Boat\" di urutan nomor satu Billboard Hot 100. Keduanya menandai kelahiran musik piringan hitam untuk berdansa yang mudah diterima semua kalangan berkat ritme yang tidak terlampau cepat dan melodi yang mudah ditiru pendengar.\n\nDari label TK Records yang berpusat di Miami, KC and the Sunshine Band pimpinan Harry Wayne Casey menandai puncak keemasan disko dengan serangkaian lagu-lagu hit, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), dan (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" dan \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976). Pada tahun 1976, peringkat majalah Billboard diramaikan lagu-lagu hit yang judulnya memakai kata \"disco\", misalnya: \"Disco Lady\" dari Johnnie Taylor, \"Disco Inferno\" dari The Trammps, dan \"Disco Duck\" dari Rick Dees & His Cast of Idiots.\n\nCiri khas lagu disko yang lebih mementingkan tempo daripada suara nyanyian membuat produser rekaman seperti Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, dan Mauro Malavasi ikut serta sebagai pencipta lagu-lagu hit untuk berdisko. Tren produser menciptakan lagu disko berlangsung bersamaan dengan kembali populernya penyanyi veteran R&B/soul seperti Diana Ross dengan \"Love Hangover\" (1976), Marvin Gaye dengan \"Got to Give It Up\" (1977), Johnnie Taylor dengan \"Disco Lady\", Tyrone Davis dengan \"Turning Point\" (1976), Donna Summer dengan \"I Feel Love\" (1977) dan \"Last Dance\" (1978).\n\nKesuksesan piringan hitam disko juga memerlukan dukungan dari para DJ di diskotek yang bertanggung jawab atas seleksi lagu. Kepopuleran lagu disko juga ditentukan oleh pengunjung di lantai-lantai disko. Lagu pilihan DJ kemungkinan tidak akan diputar kembali bila terbukti gagal mengajak pengunjung untuk melantai. Produser dan perusahaan rekaman juga mengambil inisiatif seleksi lagu dengan merilis piringan hitam berisi lagu-lagu untuk diputar di diskotek. Ciri khas album disko adalah jumlah lagu dalam satu album yang hanya sedikit. Meskipun demikian, sebuah lagu memiliki masa putar yang panjang agar pendengar dapat berdisko untuk waktu yang lebih lama. Ketika dirilis sebagai singel, lagu disko dirilis dalam bentuk singel 12 inci (piringan hitam 30 cm). Lagu-lagu diputar DJ di diskotek secara sambung-menyambung sesuai dengan kecocokan tempo antara satu lagu dan lagu berikutnya seperti petunjuk tempo yang tertera pada sampul.\n\nKlub dansa khusus anggota bernama The Loft yang dibuka David Mancuso di kediaman pribadinya di New York City pada tahun 1970 dianggap sebagai perintis klub-klub disko. Setelah itu, klub-klub disko mulai bermunculan, dan tidak hanya di New York. Klub disko paling terkenal di Manhattan sepanjang akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an adalah Studio 54.\n\nDisko di kalangan gay diwakili oleh Village People yang berhasil menciptakan dua lagu hit pada tahun 1979, \"In the Navy\" dan \"Go West\". Sebelumnya, penyanyi gay Sylvester mencetak lagu hit \"You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)\" pada tahun 1978.\n\nKembalinya kepopuleran Bee Gees pada tahun 1976 ditandai oleh lagu \"You Should Be Dancing\" yang sampai di urutan nomor satu di Billboard Hot 100 sebelum menduduki tangga lagu Hot Dance Club Play selama 7 minggu berturut-turut, dan mencapai peringkat 5 UK Singles Chart pada bulan Juli tahun sama. Lagu \"You Should Be Dancing\" kemudian dipakai dalam film laris Saturday Night Fever yang melambungkan John Travolta sebagai raja disko pada tahun 1978. Dari album soundtrack film Saturday Night Fever Bee Gees berhasil mencetak lagu hit \"Night Fever\". Kelarisan film dan album Saturday Night Fever menjadikan disko sebagai hobi baru generasi muda Amerika. Pada tahun 1979, pendapatan dari industri musik disko di Amerika Serikat sebesar AS$4 miliar per tahun. Di Amerika Serikat waktu itu diperkirakan ada sekitar 15.000 diskotek. Di kota-kota besar, diskotek dipadati oleh penggemar disko yang berpakaian meniru pemeran film Saturday Night Fever. Pengunjung pria mengenakan setelan tiga potong dari bahan poliester seperti yang dikenakan John Travolta ketika memerankan Tony Manero, lengkap dengan sepatu berhak tinggi dan liontin emas.\n\nSetelah bertahun-tahun disko berada di puncak kepopuleran, sentimen antidisko mulai berkembang terutama di Amerika Serikat. Kritik terhadap musik disko diwujudkan dalam bentuk slogan \"disco sucks\" yang disponsori stasiun-stasiun radio yang sebagian besar pendengarnya orang kulit putih di perkotaan. Puncak gerakan antidisko adalah acara Disco Demolition Night yang diadakan di Stadion Comiskey Park, 12 Juli 1979. Penyelenggara acara adalah DJ radio bernama Steve Dahl dibantu direktur promosi Chicago White Sox bernama Mike Veeck. Ketidaksenangan Veeck pada disko didukung Dahl yang sering mengatakan \"Disco sucks!\" sepanjang siaran. Penonton yang membawa piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko hanya dikenakan harga tiket 98 sen untuk menyaksikan pertandingan bisbol doubleheader antara Chicago White Sox dan Detroit Tigers. Sebagai sebuah promosi pertandingan bisbol, acara tersebut di luar dugaan didatangi penonton melampaui kapasitas stadion (angka resmi jumlah penonton sebanyak 47.795 orang). Puncak acara berupa penyalaan api anggun di tengah lapangan yang membakar kira-kira 10.000 keping piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko. Namun pembakaran tersebut diartikan penonton sebagai aba-aba untuk memulai kekacauan. Penonton berlarian ke lapangan, merobohkan kandang latihan memukul dan menjarahi pemukul bisbol hingga pertandingan kedua dihentikan.\n\nDisko kehilangan momentumnya ketika tahun 1970-an berubah menjadi 1980-an. Meskipun demikian, disko tidak mati, melainkan bermutasi menjadi berbagai macam genre musik dance, mulai dari dance-pop dan hip-hop hingga house music dan techno.\n\ndisco music.com: situs web khusus musik disko Disco Savvy: daftar kronologis lagu-lagu disko Sexy Days of Disco : slideshow majalah Life\n\nKategori:Disko Kategori:Musik tahun 1970-an Kategori:Budaya LGBT\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Music genre\n|name=Disko\n|bgcolor=gold\n|color=black\n|stylistic_origins= {{hlist|[[Funk]]|[[musik soul|soul]]|[[musik Latin]]|[[Musik pop|pop]]}}\n|cultural_origins={{hlist|Akhir [[1960-an]] – awal [[1970-an]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Kanada]][(2007) ''The 1970s'', ISBN 978-0-313-33919-6, p.203–204: \"During the late 1960s various male counterculture groups, most notably gay, but also heterosexual black and Latino, created an alternative to rock'n'roll, which was dominated by white — and presumably heterosexual — men. This alternative was disco\"]}}\n|instruments= {{hlist|[[Lagu|Nyanyian]]|[[gitar elektrik]]|[[gitar bas]]|[[kibor]]|[[penyintesis]]|[[drumset|drum]]|[[mesin drum]]|[[instrumen musik perkusi|instrumen perkusi]]|[[alat musik dawai]]|[[trompet|horn]]|[[orkestra]]}}\n|popularity={{hlist|Puncak kepopuleran pada pertengahan tahun 1970-an hingga awal 1980-an}}\n|derivatives={{hlist|[[musik Afro/Cosmic|Afro/Cosmic]]|[[Hi-NRG]]|[[disko Italo]]|[[House music|house]]|[[post-disco]]|[[hip-hop|hip hop]]|[[new wave]]|[[garage house]]|[[pop elektro]]|[[freestyle]]}}\n| subgenrelist = Daftar genre musik disko\n| subgenres = {{hlist|[[Euro disco]]|[[space disco]]|[[disco polo]]|[[nu-disco]]}}\n|fusiongenres={{hlist|[[Dance-punk]]|[[Manila Sound]]}}\n|regional_scenes= '''[[Amerika Serikat]]''': [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Atlanta]], [[Miami]], [[Los Angeles|LA]]
'''[[Kanada]]''': [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], [[Vancouver]], [[Ottawa]]\n|other_topics={{hlist|[[Diskotek]]|[[kelab malam]]|[[orkestrasi]]|[[Daftar artis disko|artis disko]]|[[rhythm and blues]]}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Disko adalah salah satu aliran musik untuk dansa yang berkembang pada tahun 1970-an di klub-klub dansa Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Disco is a genre of music for dance that developed in the 1970s in dance clubs in the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Disjoki di klub dansa memutar serangkaian lagu dari piringan hitam tanpa terputus agar orang dapat terus menari tanpa berhenti.","translated_text":"The jokes in the dance club play a series of songs from the black plates uninterrupted so that people can continue to dance without stopping.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah disko juga dipakai untuk acara, ruang atau gedung tempat orang berdansa/menari diiringi rekaman musik sebagai bentuk hiburan.","translated_text":"The term disco is also used for an event, room or building where people dance/dance accompanied by recorded music as a form of entertainment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Disko berasal dari kata discothèque, bahasa Prancis untuk klub dansa, bahasa Indonesia: diskotek).","translated_text":"Disco comes from the word discothèque, French for dance club, Indonesian: diskotek).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":69,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":69,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di diskotek, diputar musik yang dipakai sebagai musik pengiring dansa.","translated_text":"At the discotheque, music was played that was used as dance music.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":70,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah disko awalnya secara spesifik dipakai untuk musik dansa Afrika-Amerika.","translated_text":"The term disco was originally used specifically for African-American dance music.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun pada 1970-an, istilah disko dipakai untuk menyebut semua musik dansa yang sedang populer.","translated_text":"In the 1970's, however, the term disco was used to refer to all the dance music that was gaining popularity.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":95,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di diskotek, para DJ secara khusus memainkan piringan hitam berirama soul dan funk yang cocok dipakai untuk berdansa.","translated_text":"In discos, DJs specifically play black discs with soul and funk rhythms that are suitable for dancing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah sering diputar di lantai disko, lagu-lagu tersebut mulai sering diputar di radio-radio dan laris terjual.","translated_text":"After being played frequently on the disco floor, the songs began to be played frequently on radio stations and became best-sellers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":113,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu","translated_text":"The song.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-lagu disko yang menjadi hit sepanjang tahun 1970-an di antaranya \"Fly, Robin, Fly\" (1975) dan \"Get Up and Boogie\" (1979) dari Silver Convention, \"Get Dancin\" (1975) dari Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes, \"The Groove Line\" dan \"Boogie Nights\" (1977) dari Heatwave, \"I Love the Nightlife\" dari Alicia Bridges, \"Brick House\" (1977) dari The Commodores, \"I Will Survive\" (1978) dari Gloria Gaynor, \"Ring My Bell\" (1979) dari Anita Ward, \"Y.M.C.A\" (1978) dari Village People, dan \"We Are Family\" dari Sister Sledge.","translated_text":"- disco hits throughout the 1970s including \"Fly, Robin, Fly\" (1975) and \"Get Up and Boogie\" (1979) by Silver Convention, \"Get Dancin\" (1975) by Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes, \"The Groove Line\" and \"Boogie Nights\" (1977) by Heatwave, \"I Love the Nightlife\" by Alicia Bridges, \"Brick House\" (1977) by The Commodores, \"I Will Survive\" (1978) by Gloria Gaynor, \"Ring My Bell\" (1979) by Anita Ward, \"Y.M.C.A\" (1978) by Village People, and \"We Are Family\" by Sister Sledge.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]","char_index":509,"name":"abba","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Awal kelahiran","translated_text":"Early birth","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Musik disko lahir pada awal tahun 1970-an ketika dansa-dansi sudah menjadi usang dan musik rock yang dimainkan pemusik kulit putih sedang berjaya.","translated_text":"Disco music was born in the early 1970s when dances were obsolete and rock music played by white musicians was thriving.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":146,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di klub malam dan gedung pertunjukan di utara Inggris, seperti di Blackpool Mecca dan Wigan Casino, pengunjung kulit hitam berdansa beramai-ramai diiringi koleksi piringan hitam R&B dari tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an yang nantinya dikenal sebagai musik northern soul.","translated_text":"In nightclubs and concert halls in the north of England, such as at Blackpool Mecca and Wigan Casino, black visitors danced in crowds accompanied by a collection of black R&B records from the 1950s and 1960s that later became known as northern soul music.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":263,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sementara itu, di Inggris selatan, benua Eropa, dan komunitas-komunitas gay terjadi kecenderungan untuk kembali ke musik pop untuk berdansa yang dipengaruhi oleh musik orang kulit hitam.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, in southern England, continental Europe, and gay communities there is a tendency to go back to pop music to dance influenced by black music.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":186,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Amerika Serikat, generasi muda orang kulit putih sedang menggemari musik orang kulit hitam yang dirilis bukan oleh label mayor yang berkedudukan di New York dan Los Angeles, melainkan oleh label-label independen seperti TK Records dari Miami, Philadelphia International Records dan All Platinum Records dari New Jersey.","translated_text":"In the United States, younger generations of whites are enjoying black music released not by major labels based in New York and Los Angeles, but by independent labels such as TK Records of Miami, Philadelphia International Records and All Platinum Records of New Jersey.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":322,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelum berkembang sebagai sebuah kategori artistik yang akhirnya mencakup gerakan-gerakan tari berikut gaya busana dan model rambut, istilah disko dipakai untuk sebuah konteks musik baru yang dirintis para disc jockey di klub-klub dansa underground di New York City yang ramai dikunjungi terutama oleh kalangan minoritas (Afrika-Amerika dan Latino) serta gay.","translated_text":"Before evolving as an artistic category that eventually encompassed dance movements following fashion styles and hairstyles, the term disco was used for a new musical context pioneered by disc jockeys in New York City's underground dance clubs that were frequented primarily by minorities (African-American and Latino) as well as gays.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":360,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fenomena disko berakar dari perpaduan artistik kaum gay dan klub-klub underground, terutama klub-klub gay Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an.","translated_text":"The disco phenomenon has its roots in the artistic fusion of gays and underground clubs, particularly African-American gay clubs in New York City in the late 1960s to early 1970s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":177,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan memakai dua pemutar piringan hitam, para DJ memutar lagu-lagu yang sebagian besar berirama soul, funk, dan Latin dari piringan hitam.","translated_text":"Using two black disc players, the DJs played mostly soul, funk, and Latin-rhythm songs from the black disc.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":140,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para DJ waktu itu mulai menciptakan aliran musik tak terputus di pesta-pesta dansa yang diadakan di kelab malam, loteng, dan bar mengikuti gaya DJ Francis Grasso yang bekerja di diskotek gay Sanctuary, New York City.","translated_text":"The DJs of the time began to create an uninterrupted stream of music at dance parties held at nightclubs, lounges, and bars following the style of DJ Francis Grasso who worked at the gay disco Sanctuary in New York City.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":216,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Piringan hitam musik dansa yang menjadi hit pada tahun 1972 adalah lagu berirama funk \"Get on the Good Foot\" dari James Brown dan \"I'll Be Around\" dari grup vokal The Spinners yang beraliran R&B. Artikel pertama mengenai disko ditulis oleh Vince Aletti pada September 1973 untuk majalah Rolling Stone.","translated_text":"The dance music black disc that became a hit in 1972 was the funk-rhythm \"Get on the Good Foot\" by James Brown and \"I'll Be Around\" by the R&B vocal group The Spinners. The first disco article was written by Vince Aletti in September 1973 for Rolling Stone magazine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye], The New York Times, December 10, 2002]","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.580964-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.jahsonic.com/VinceAletti.html Rangkuman dari artikel pertama mengenai disko]]","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"http://www.jahsonic.com/VinceAletti.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.886474-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Acara disko pertama di radio disiarkan oleh WPIX-FM di New York City pada tahun 1974.","translated_text":"The first radio disco show was broadcast by WPIX-FM in New York City in 1974.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |title=discomusic.com Timeline first disco radio show |access-date=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:27.122467-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |title=discomusic.com Timeline first disco radio show |access-date=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:27.464300-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1973, lagu-lagu berirama funk menjadi populer, misalnya: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" dari Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" dan \"Higher Ground\" dari Stevie Wonder, dan \"Keep on Truckin'\" dari Eddie Kendricks.","translated_text":"In 1973, funk-themed songs became popular, for example: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" by Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" and \"Higher Ground\" by Stevie Wonder, and \"Keep on Truckin'\" by Eddie Kendricks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":215,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun demikian, industri rekaman lambat menyadari adanya tren musik baru hingga kata \"rock\" mulai disisipkan pada judul-judul lagu yang diciptakan untuk dipakai berdisko.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, the recording industry was slow to recognize new trends in music until the word \"rock\" began to be added to the titles of songs created for disco use.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"George McCrae membuat hit pada tahun 1974 dengan \"Rock Your Baby\" dan Hues Corporation menempatkan lagu \"Rock the Boat\" di urutan nomor satu Billboard Hot 100.","translated_text":"George McCrae scored a hit in 1974 with \"Rock Your Baby\" and the Hues Corporation placed \"Rock the Boat\" at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":159,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keduanya menandai kelahiran musik piringan hitam untuk berdansa yang mudah diterima semua kalangan berkat ritme yang tidak terlampau cepat dan melodi yang mudah ditiru pendengar.","translated_text":"Both of them marked the birth of black disc music for easy-to-follow dance thanks to an unquestionably fast rhythm and melody that the listener could easily imitate.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":178,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Puncak kepopuleran","translated_text":"Peak of popularity","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari label TK Records yang berpusat di Miami, KC and the Sunshine Band pimpinan Harry Wayne Casey menandai puncak keemasan disko dengan serangkaian lagu-lagu hit, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), dan (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" dan \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976).","translated_text":"From the Miami-based TK Records label, KC and the Sunshine Band led by Harry Wayne Casey marked the pinnacle of disco with a string of hits, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), and (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" and \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":297,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1976, peringkat majalah Billboard diramaikan lagu-lagu hit yang judulnya memakai kata \"disco\", misalnya: \"Disco Lady\" dari Johnnie Taylor, \"Disco Inferno\" dari The Trammps, dan \"Disco Duck\" dari Rick Dees & His Cast of Idiots.","translated_text":"In 1976, Billboard magazine rankings included hit songs titled \"disco\", for example: \"Disco Lady\" by Johnnie Taylor, \"Disco Inferno\" by The Trammps, and \"Disco Duck\" by Rick Dees & His Cast of Idiots.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= |title=One Hit Wonder: Alicia Bridges |journal=Atlanta Magazine |publisher= |volume= |issue=Juni 2003 |pages=109-111 |url= |doi= }}]","char_index":237,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ciri khas lagu disko yang lebih mementingkan tempo daripada suara nyanyian membuat produser rekaman seperti Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, dan Mauro Malavasi ikut serta sebagai pencipta lagu-lagu hit untuk berdisko.","translated_text":"The distinctive nature of disco music that emphasized more tempo than the singing sound made record producers such as Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, and Mauro Malavasi take part as creators of disco hits.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":230,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tren produser menciptakan lagu disko berlangsung bersamaan dengan kembali populernya penyanyi veteran R&B/soul seperti Diana Ross dengan \"Love Hangover\" (1976), Marvin Gaye dengan \"Got to Give It Up\" (1977), Johnnie Taylor dengan \"Disco Lady\", Tyrone Davis dengan \"Turning Point\" (1976), Donna Summer dengan \"I Feel Love\" (1977) dan \"Last Dance\" (1978).","translated_text":"The trend of producers creating disco songs coincided with the resurgence in popularity of veteran R&B/soul singers such as Diana Ross with \"Love Hangover\" (1976), Marvin Gaye with \"Got to Give It Up\" (1977), Johnnie Taylor with \"Disco Lady\", Tyrone Davis with \"Turning Point\" (1976), Donna Summer with \"I Feel Love\" (1977) and \"Last Dance\" (1978).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]","char_index":353,"name":"abba","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kesuksesan piringan hitam disko juga memerlukan dukungan dari para DJ di diskotek yang bertanggung jawab atas seleksi lagu.","translated_text":"The success of the black disc disco also required the support of the DJs at the disco who were responsible for the song selection.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kepopuleran lagu disko juga ditentukan oleh pengunjung di lantai-lantai disko.","translated_text":"The popularity of disco songs is also determined by the visitors on the disco floors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu pilihan DJ kemungkinan tidak akan diputar kembali bila terbukti gagal mengajak pengunjung untuk melantai.","translated_text":"The DJ's favorite song is unlikely to be played again if it proves unsuccessful in inviting visitors to the floor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":110,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Produser dan perusahaan rekaman juga mengambil inisiatif seleksi lagu dengan merilis piringan hitam berisi lagu-lagu untuk diputar di diskotek.","translated_text":"Producers and record companies also took the song selection initiative by releasing a black disc containing the songs to be played at the discotheque.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":143,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ciri khas album disko adalah jumlah lagu dalam satu album yang hanya sedikit.","translated_text":"A typical feature of a disco album is the number of songs in a single album that are only a few.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun demikian, sebuah lagu memiliki masa putar yang panjang agar pendengar dapat berdisko untuk waktu yang lebih lama.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, a song has a long playing time so that the listener can record for longer 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|accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":76,"name":"heretodisco","url":"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.580964-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Klub disko paling terkenal di Manhattan sepanjang akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an adalah Studio 54.","translated_text":"Manhattan's most famous disco club throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s was Studio 54.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Studio 54: History |url=http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2009-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219222848/http://roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":98,"name":null,"url":"http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:37.756213-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Studio 54: History |url=http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2009-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219222848/http://roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |dead-url=yes 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Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums. Guinness World Records Ltd 17th edition (2004), p. 52 ISBN 0-85112-199-3]","char_index":296,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu \"You Should Be Dancing\" kemudian dipakai dalam film laris Saturday Night Fever yang melambungkan John Travolta sebagai raja disko pada tahun 1978.","translated_text":"The song \"You Should Be Dancing\" was later used in the best-selling film Saturday Night Fever which starred John Travolta as the king of disco in 1978.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari album soundtrack film Saturday Night Fever Bee Gees berhasil mencetak lagu hit \"Night Fever\".","translated_text":"From the soundtrack album of the film Saturday Night Fever the Bee Gees scored the hit song \"Night Fever\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelarisan film dan album Saturday Night Fever menjadikan disko sebagai hobi baru generasi muda Amerika.","translated_text":"The animation of the Saturday Night Fever film and album made disco a new hobby for the younger generation of Americans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1979, pendapatan dari industri musik disko di Amerika Serikat sebesar AS$4 miliar per tahun.","translated_text":"In 1979, the income from the disco music industry in the United States was $4 billion a year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Amerika Serikat waktu itu diperkirakan ada sekitar 15.000 diskotek.","translated_text":"In the United States at that time, it is estimated that there were about 15,000 discos.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |date=December 10, 2002 |work= |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":70,"name":"heretodisco","url":"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.580964-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di kota-kota besar, diskotek dipadati oleh penggemar disko yang berpakaian meniru pemeran film Saturday Night Fever.","translated_text":"In the big cities, discos are populated by disco enthusiasts dressed like the cast of Saturday Night Fever.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengunjung pria mengenakan setelan tiga potong dari bahan poliester seperti yang dikenakan John Travolta ketika memerankan Tony Manero, lengkap dengan sepatu berhak tinggi dan liontin emas.","translated_text":"The male visitor wears a three-piece polyester suit similar to that worn by John Travolta when he played Tony Manero, complete with high-heeled shoes and gold pendants.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]","char_index":189,"name":"abba","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kemunduran","translated_text":"Backward","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah bertahun-tahun disko berada di puncak kepopuleran, sentimen antidisko mulai berkembang terutama di Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"After years of disco at the height of its popularity, anti-disco sentiment began to develop especially in the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kritik terhadap musik disko diwujudkan dalam bentuk slogan \"disco sucks\" yang disponsori stasiun-stasiun radio yang sebagian besar pendengarnya orang kulit putih di perkotaan.","translated_text":"Criticism of disco music was embodied in the slogan \"disco sucks\" sponsored by radio stations that are mostly white urban listeners.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[(2001) \"Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture\", ISBN 0-415-16161-4, 9780415161619, p.217: \"In fact, by 1977, before punk spread, there was a \"disco sucks\" movement sponsored by radio stations that attracted suburban white youth, who insisted that disco was escapist, synthetic and overproduced.\"]","char_index":175,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj78.php] [[Robert Christgau]] for the [[Village Voice]] Pop & Jop Poll 1978 January 22, 1979]","char_index":175,"name":"Christgau","url":"http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj78.php]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.269186-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Puncak gerakan antidisko adalah acara Disco Demolition Night yang diadakan di Stadion Comiskey Park, 12 Juli 1979.","translated_text":"The pinnacle of the anti-disco movement was the Disco Demolition Night event held at Comiskey Park Stadium, July 12, 1979.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyelenggara acara adalah DJ radio bernama Steve Dahl dibantu direktur promosi Chicago White Sox bernama Mike Veeck.","translated_text":"The host was a radio DJ named Steve Dahl assisted by Chicago White Sox promotional director Mike Veeck.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketidaksenangan Veeck pada disko didukung Dahl yang sering mengatakan \"Disco sucks!\" sepanjang siaran.","translated_text":"Veeck's discontent with disco was backed by Dahl who often said \"Disco sucks!\" throughout the broadcast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}]","char_index":102,"name":"Neyer","url":"https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.320573-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penonton yang membawa piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko hanya dikenakan harga tiket 98 sen untuk menyaksikan pertandingan bisbol doubleheader antara Chicago White Sox dan Detroit Tigers.","translated_text":"Viewers carrying black discs of disco songs are only charged a 98-cent ticket to watch a doubleheader baseball game between the Chicago White Sox and Detroit Tigers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai sebuah promosi pertandingan bisbol, acara tersebut di luar dugaan didatangi penonton melampaui kapasitas stadion (angka resmi jumlah penonton sebanyak 47.795 orang).","translated_text":"As a promotion of a baseball game, the event was surprisingly attended by spectators exceeding the capacity of the stadium (the official figure was 47,795 spectators).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}]","char_index":173,"name":"Neyer","url":"https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.320573-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}]","char_index":173,"name":"Neyer","url":"https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.320573-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Puncak acara berupa penyalaan api anggun di tengah lapangan yang membakar kira-kira 10.000 keping piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko.","translated_text":"The highlight of the event was a lavish fireworks display in the center of the square that burned about 10,000 black discs of disco songs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun pembakaran tersebut diartikan penonton sebagai aba-aba untuk memulai kekacauan.","translated_text":"But the burning was interpreted by the audience as a centennial to start chaos.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Baseball in the American League Central Division|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballinameric0000port|last=Porterfield|first=Jason|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2009|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|location=|isbn=1-4358-5042-4|pages=}}]","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/baseballinameric0000port","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218584,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:46.245401-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penonton berlarian ke lapangan, merobohkan kandang latihan memukul dan menjarahi pemukul bisbol hingga pertandingan kedua dihentikan.","translated_text":"The crowd rushed to the field, knocking down the practice pitch and scoring a baseball bat until the second game was stopped.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Disko kehilangan momentumnya ketika tahun 1970-an berubah menjadi 1980-an.","translated_text":"Disco lost its momentum when the 1970s turned into the 1980s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun demikian, disko tidak mati, melainkan bermutasi menjadi berbagai macam genre musik dance, mulai dari dance-pop dan hip-hop hingga house music dan techno.","translated_text":"Despite this, disco did not die, but rather mutated into a variety of dance music genres, ranging from dance-pop and hip-hop to house music and techno.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":162,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"disco music.com: situs web khusus musik disko Disco Savvy: daftar kronologis lagu-lagu disko Sexy Days of Disco : slideshow majalah Life","translated_text":"Disco Savvy: chronological list of disco songs Sexy Days of Disco: slideshow of the magazine Life","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819181136/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/46031/sexy-days-of-disco |date=2010-08-19 }}","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100819181136/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/46031/sexy-days-of-disco","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:50.141936-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Disko Kategori:Musik tahun 1970-an Kategori:Budaya LGBT","translated_text":"Category:Disco Category:Music of the 1970s Category:LGBT culture","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Disjoki di klub dansa memutar serangkaian lagu dari piringan hitam tanpa terputus agar orang dapat terus menari tanpa berhenti. Istilah disko juga dipakai untuk acara, ruang atau gedung tempat orang berdansa/menari diiringi rekaman musik sebagai bentuk hiburan. Disko berasal dari kata discothèque, bahasa Prancis untuk klub dansa, bahasa Indonesia: diskotek).","translated_text":"The jokes in the dance club play a series of songs from the black plates uninterrupted so that people can continue to dance without stopping. The term disco is also used for an event, room or building where people dance/dance accompanied by recorded music as a form of entertainment. Disco comes from the word discothèque, French for dance club, Indonesian: diskotek).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":331,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":331,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Istilah disko juga dipakai untuk acara, ruang atau gedung tempat orang berdansa/menari diiringi rekaman musik sebagai bentuk hiburan. Disko berasal dari kata discothèque, bahasa Prancis untuk klub dansa, bahasa Indonesia: diskotek). Di diskotek, diputar musik yang dipakai sebagai musik pengiring dansa.","translated_text":"The term disco is also used for an event, room or building where people dance/dance accompanied by recorded music as a form of entertainment. Disco comes from the word discothèque, French for dance club, Indonesian: diskotek). At the discotheque, music was played that was used as dance music.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":303,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di diskotek, diputar musik yang dipakai sebagai musik pengiring dansa. Istilah disko awalnya secara spesifik dipakai untuk musik dansa Afrika-Amerika. Namun pada 1970-an, istilah disko dipakai untuk menyebut semua musik dansa yang sedang populer.","translated_text":"At the discotheque, music was played that was used as dance music. The term disco was originally used specifically for African-American dance music. In the 1970's, however, the term disco was used to refer to all the dance music that was gaining popularity.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":246,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Di diskotek, para DJ secara khusus memainkan piringan hitam berirama soul dan funk yang cocok dipakai untuk berdansa. Setelah sering diputar di lantai disko, lagu-lagu tersebut mulai sering diputar di radio-radio dan laris terjual.","translated_text":"In discos, DJs specifically play black discs with soul and funk rhythms that are suitable for dancing. After being played frequently on the disco floor, the songs began to be played frequently on radio stations and became best-sellers.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":231,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah sering diputar di lantai disko, lagu-lagu tersebut mulai sering diputar di radio-radio dan laris terjual. Lagu -lagu disko yang menjadi hit sepanjang tahun 1970-an di antaranya \"Fly, Robin, Fly\" (1975) dan \"Get Up and Boogie\" (1979) dari Silver Convention, \"Get Dancin\" (1975) dari Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes, \"The Groove Line\" dan \"Boogie Nights\" (1977) dari Heatwave, \"I Love the Nightlife\" dari Alicia Bridges, \"Brick House\" (1977) dari The Commodores, \"I Will Survive\" (1978) dari Gloria Gaynor, \"Ring My Bell\" (1979) dari Anita Ward, \"Y.M.C.A\" (1978) dari Village People, dan \"We Are Family\" dari Sister Sledge.","translated_text":"After being played frequently on the disco floor, the songs began to be played frequently on radio stations and became best-sellers. The song. - disco hits throughout the 1970s including \"Fly, Robin, Fly\" (1975) and \"Get Up and Boogie\" (1979) by Silver Convention, \"Get Dancin\" (1975) by Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes, \"The Groove Line\" and \"Boogie Nights\" (1977) by Heatwave, \"I Love the Nightlife\" by Alicia Bridges, \"Brick House\" (1977) by The Commodores, \"I Will Survive\" (1978) by Gloria Gaynor, \"Ring My Bell\" (1979) by Anita Ward, \"Y.M.C.A\" (1978) by Village People, and \"We Are Family\" by Sister Sledge.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]","char_index":628,"name":"abba","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Musik disko lahir pada awal tahun 1970-an ketika dansa-dansi sudah menjadi usang dan musik rock yang dimainkan pemusik kulit putih sedang berjaya.","translated_text":"Disco music was born in the early 1970s when dances were obsolete and rock music played by white musicians was thriving.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":146,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Musik disko lahir pada awal tahun 1970-an ketika dansa-dansi sudah menjadi usang dan musik rock yang dimainkan pemusik kulit putih sedang berjaya. Di klub malam dan gedung pertunjukan di utara Inggris, seperti di Blackpool Mecca dan Wigan Casino, pengunjung kulit hitam berdansa beramai-ramai diiringi koleksi piringan hitam R&B dari tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an yang nantinya dikenal sebagai musik northern soul.","translated_text":"Disco music was born in the early 1970s when dances were obsolete and rock music played by white musicians was thriving. In nightclubs and concert halls in the north of England, such as at Blackpool Mecca and Wigan Casino, black visitors danced in crowds accompanied by a collection of black R&B records from the 1950s and 1960s that later became known as northern soul music.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":410,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sementara itu, di Inggris selatan, benua Eropa, dan komunitas-komunitas gay terjadi kecenderungan untuk kembali ke musik pop untuk berdansa yang dipengaruhi oleh musik orang kulit hitam.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, in southern England, continental Europe, and gay communities there is a tendency to go back to pop music to dance influenced by black music.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":186,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sementara itu, di Inggris selatan, benua Eropa, dan komunitas-komunitas gay terjadi kecenderungan untuk kembali ke musik pop untuk berdansa yang dipengaruhi oleh musik orang kulit hitam. Di Amerika Serikat, generasi muda orang kulit putih sedang menggemari musik orang kulit hitam yang dirilis bukan oleh label mayor yang berkedudukan di New York dan Los Angeles, melainkan oleh label-label independen seperti TK Records dari Miami, Philadelphia International Records dan All Platinum Records dari New Jersey.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, in southern England, continental Europe, and gay communities there is a tendency to go back to pop music to dance influenced by black music. In the United States, younger generations of whites are enjoying black music released not by major labels based in New York and Los Angeles, but by independent labels such as TK Records of Miami, Philadelphia International Records and All Platinum Records of New Jersey.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":509,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sebelum berkembang sebagai sebuah kategori artistik yang akhirnya mencakup gerakan-gerakan tari berikut gaya busana dan model rambut, istilah disko dipakai untuk sebuah konteks musik baru yang dirintis para disc jockey di klub-klub dansa underground di New York City yang ramai dikunjungi terutama oleh kalangan minoritas (Afrika-Amerika dan Latino) serta gay.","translated_text":"Before evolving as an artistic category that eventually encompassed dance movements following fashion styles and hairstyles, the term disco was used for a new musical context pioneered by disc jockeys in New York City's underground dance clubs that were frequented primarily by minorities (African-American and Latino) as well as gays.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":360,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum berkembang sebagai sebuah kategori artistik yang akhirnya mencakup gerakan-gerakan tari berikut gaya busana dan model rambut, istilah disko dipakai untuk sebuah konteks musik baru yang dirintis para disc jockey di klub-klub dansa underground di New York City yang ramai dikunjungi terutama oleh kalangan minoritas (Afrika-Amerika dan Latino) serta gay. Fenomena disko berakar dari perpaduan artistik kaum gay dan klub-klub underground, terutama klub-klub gay Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an.","translated_text":"Before evolving as an artistic category that eventually encompassed dance movements following fashion styles and hairstyles, the term disco was used for a new musical context pioneered by disc jockeys in New York City's underground dance clubs that were frequented primarily by minorities (African-American and Latino) as well as gays. The disco phenomenon has its roots in the artistic fusion of gays and underground clubs, particularly African-American gay clubs in New York City in the late 1960s to early 1970s.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":538,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum berkembang sebagai sebuah kategori artistik yang akhirnya mencakup gerakan-gerakan tari berikut gaya busana dan model rambut, istilah disko dipakai untuk sebuah konteks musik baru yang dirintis para disc jockey di klub-klub dansa underground di New York City yang ramai dikunjungi terutama oleh kalangan minoritas (Afrika-Amerika dan Latino) serta gay. Fenomena disko berakar dari perpaduan artistik kaum gay dan klub-klub underground, terutama klub-klub gay Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an. Dengan memakai dua pemutar piringan hitam, para DJ memutar lagu-lagu yang sebagian besar berirama soul, funk, dan Latin dari piringan hitam.","translated_text":"Before evolving as an artistic category that eventually encompassed dance movements following fashion styles and hairstyles, the term disco was used for a new musical context pioneered by disc jockeys in New York City's underground dance clubs that were frequented primarily by minorities (African-American and Latino) as well as gays. The disco phenomenon has its roots in the artistic fusion of gays and underground clubs, particularly African-American gay clubs in New York City in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Using two black disc players, the DJs played mostly soul, funk, and Latin-rhythm songs from the black disc.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":679,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fenomena disko berakar dari perpaduan artistik kaum gay dan klub-klub underground, terutama klub-klub gay Afrika-Amerika di New York City pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an. Dengan memakai dua pemutar piringan hitam, para DJ memutar lagu-lagu yang sebagian besar berirama soul, funk, dan Latin dari piringan hitam. Para DJ waktu itu mulai menciptakan aliran musik tak terputus di pesta-pesta dansa yang diadakan di kelab malam, loteng, dan bar mengikuti gaya DJ Francis Grasso yang bekerja di diskotek gay Sanctuary, New York City.","translated_text":"The disco phenomenon has its roots in the artistic fusion of gays and underground clubs, particularly African-American gay clubs in New York City in the late 1960s to early 1970s. Using two black disc players, the DJs played mostly soul, funk, and Latin-rhythm songs from the black disc. The DJs of the time began to create an uninterrupted stream of music at dance parties held at nightclubs, lounges, and bars following the style of DJ Francis Grasso who worked at the gay disco Sanctuary in New York City.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Music Cultures in the United States: An Introduction|last=Koskoff|first=Ellen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=|isbn= 0-4159-6588-8|pages=}}]","char_index":535,"name":"Koskoff","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Piringan hitam musik dansa yang menjadi hit pada tahun 1972 adalah lagu berirama funk \"Get on the Good Foot\" dari James Brown dan \"I'll Be Around\" dari grup vokal The Spinners yang beraliran R&B. Artikel pertama mengenai disko ditulis oleh Vince Aletti pada September 1973 untuk majalah Rolling Stone.","translated_text":"The dance music black disc that became a hit in 1972 was the funk-rhythm \"Get on the Good Foot\" by James Brown and \"I'll Be Around\" by the R&B vocal group The Spinners. The first disco article was written by Vince Aletti in September 1973 for Rolling Stone magazine.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye], The New York Times, December 10, 2002]","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.580964-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.jahsonic.com/VinceAletti.html Rangkuman dari artikel pertama mengenai disko]]","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"http://www.jahsonic.com/VinceAletti.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.886474-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Piringan hitam musik dansa yang menjadi hit pada tahun 1972 adalah lagu berirama funk \"Get on the Good Foot\" dari James Brown dan \"I'll Be Around\" dari grup vokal The Spinners yang beraliran R&B. Artikel pertama mengenai disko ditulis oleh Vince Aletti pada September 1973 untuk majalah Rolling Stone. Acara disko pertama di radio disiarkan oleh WPIX-FM di New York City pada tahun 1974.","translated_text":"The dance music black disc that became a hit in 1972 was the funk-rhythm \"Get on the Good Foot\" by James Brown and \"I'll Be Around\" by the R&B vocal group The Spinners. The first disco article was written by Vince Aletti in September 1973 for Rolling Stone magazine. The first radio disco show was broadcast by WPIX-FM in New York City in 1974.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |title=discomusic.com Timeline first disco radio show |access-date=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":387,"name":null,"url":"http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:27.122467-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |title=discomusic.com Timeline first disco radio show |access-date=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":387,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:27.464300-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1973, lagu-lagu berirama funk menjadi populer, misalnya: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" dari Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" dan \"Higher Ground\" dari Stevie Wonder, dan \"Keep on Truckin'\" dari Eddie Kendricks.","translated_text":"In 1973, funk-themed songs became popular, for example: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" by Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" and \"Higher Ground\" by Stevie Wonder, and \"Keep on Truckin'\" by Eddie Kendricks.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":215,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1973, lagu-lagu berirama funk menjadi populer, misalnya: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" dari Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" dan \"Higher Ground\" dari Stevie Wonder, dan \"Keep on Truckin'\" dari Eddie Kendricks. Meskipun demikian, industri rekaman lambat menyadari adanya tren musik baru hingga kata \"rock\" mulai disisipkan pada judul-judul lagu yang diciptakan untuk dipakai berdisko. George McCrae membuat hit pada tahun 1974 dengan \"Rock Your Baby\" dan Hues Corporation menempatkan lagu \"Rock the Boat\" di urutan nomor satu Billboard Hot 100.","translated_text":"In 1973, funk-themed songs became popular, for example: \"Why Can't We Live Together\" by Timmy Thomas, \"Superstition\" and \"Higher Ground\" by Stevie Wonder, and \"Keep on Truckin'\" by Eddie Kendricks. Nevertheless, the recording industry was slow to recognize new trends in music until the word \"rock\" began to be added to the titles of songs created for disco use. George McCrae scored a hit in 1974 with \"Rock Your Baby\" and the Hues Corporation placed \"Rock the Boat\" at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":549,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Meskipun demikian, industri rekaman lambat menyadari adanya tren musik baru hingga kata \"rock\" mulai disisipkan pada judul-judul lagu yang diciptakan untuk dipakai berdisko. George McCrae membuat hit pada tahun 1974 dengan \"Rock Your Baby\" dan Hues Corporation menempatkan lagu \"Rock the Boat\" di urutan nomor satu Billboard Hot 100. Keduanya menandai kelahiran musik piringan hitam untuk berdansa yang mudah diterima semua kalangan berkat ritme yang tidak terlampau cepat dan melodi yang mudah ditiru pendengar.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, the recording industry was slow to recognize new trends in music until the word \"rock\" began to be added to the titles of songs created for disco use. George McCrae scored a hit in 1974 with \"Rock Your Baby\" and the Hues Corporation placed \"Rock the Boat\" at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Both of them marked the birth of black disc music for easy-to-follow dance thanks to an unquestionably fast rhythm and melody that the listener could easily imitate.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":512,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Dari label TK Records yang berpusat di Miami, KC and the Sunshine Band pimpinan Harry Wayne Casey menandai puncak keemasan disko dengan serangkaian lagu-lagu hit, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), dan (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" dan \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976).","translated_text":"From the Miami-based TK Records label, KC and the Sunshine Band led by Harry Wayne Casey marked the pinnacle of disco with a string of hits, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), and (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" and \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":297,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Dari label TK Records yang berpusat di Miami, KC and the Sunshine Band pimpinan Harry Wayne Casey menandai puncak keemasan disko dengan serangkaian lagu-lagu hit, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), dan (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" dan \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976). Pada tahun 1976, peringkat majalah Billboard diramaikan lagu-lagu hit yang judulnya memakai kata \"disco\", misalnya: \"Disco Lady\" dari Johnnie Taylor, \"Disco Inferno\" dari The Trammps, dan \"Disco Duck\" dari Rick Dees & His Cast of Idiots.","translated_text":"From the Miami-based TK Records label, KC and the Sunshine Band led by Harry Wayne Casey marked the pinnacle of disco with a string of hits, \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"Get Down Tonight\" (1975), and (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\" and \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" (1976). In 1976, Billboard magazine rankings included hit songs titled \"disco\", for example: \"Disco Lady\" by Johnnie Taylor, \"Disco Inferno\" by The Trammps, and \"Disco Duck\" by Rick Dees & His Cast of Idiots.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= |title=One Hit Wonder: Alicia Bridges |journal=Atlanta Magazine |publisher= |volume= |issue=Juni 2003 |pages=109-111 |url= |doi= }}]","char_index":535,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ciri khas lagu disko yang lebih mementingkan tempo daripada suara nyanyian membuat produser rekaman seperti Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, dan Mauro Malavasi ikut serta sebagai pencipta lagu-lagu hit untuk berdisko.","translated_text":"The distinctive nature of disco music that emphasized more tempo than the singing sound made record producers such as Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, and Mauro Malavasi take part as creators of disco hits.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":230,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Ciri khas lagu disko yang lebih mementingkan tempo daripada suara nyanyian membuat produser rekaman seperti Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, dan Mauro Malavasi ikut serta sebagai pencipta lagu-lagu hit untuk berdisko. Tren produser menciptakan lagu disko berlangsung bersamaan dengan kembali populernya penyanyi veteran R&B/soul seperti Diana Ross dengan \"Love Hangover\" (1976), Marvin Gaye dengan \"Got to Give It Up\" (1977), Johnnie Taylor dengan \"Disco Lady\", Tyrone Davis dengan \"Turning Point\" (1976), Donna Summer dengan \"I Feel Love\" (1977) dan \"Last Dance\" (1978).","translated_text":"The distinctive nature of disco music that emphasized more tempo than the singing sound made record producers such as Giorgio Moroder, Frank Farian, Pete Bellotte, and Mauro Malavasi take part as creators of disco hits. The trend of producers creating disco songs coincided with the resurgence in popularity of veteran R&B/soul singers such as Diana Ross with \"Love Hangover\" (1976), Marvin Gaye with \"Got to Give It Up\" (1977), Johnnie Taylor with \"Disco Lady\", Tyrone Davis with \"Turning Point\" (1976), Donna Summer with \"I Feel Love\" (1977) and \"Last Dance\" (1978).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]","char_index":584,"name":"abba","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kesuksesan piringan hitam disko juga memerlukan dukungan dari para DJ di diskotek yang bertanggung jawab atas seleksi lagu. Kepopuleran lagu disko juga ditentukan oleh pengunjung di lantai-lantai disko. Lagu pilihan DJ kemungkinan tidak akan diputar kembali bila terbukti gagal mengajak pengunjung untuk melantai.","translated_text":"The success of the black disc disco also required the support of the DJs at the disco who were responsible for the song selection. The popularity of disco songs is also determined by the visitors on the disco floors. The DJ's favorite song is unlikely to be played again if it proves unsuccessful in inviting visitors to the floor.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Rock|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard|last=Hardy|first=Phil|coauthors=Dave Laing, Stephen Barnard, Don Perretta|year=1988|publisher=Schirmer Books|location=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard/page/141 141]}}]","char_index":313,"name":"hardy","url":"https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro00hard","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":198950,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:25.729944-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Kepopuleran lagu disko juga ditentukan oleh pengunjung di lantai-lantai disko. Lagu pilihan DJ kemungkinan tidak akan diputar kembali bila terbukti gagal mengajak pengunjung untuk melantai. Produser dan perusahaan rekaman juga mengambil inisiatif seleksi lagu dengan merilis piringan hitam berisi lagu-lagu untuk diputar di diskotek.","translated_text":"The popularity of disco songs is also determined by the visitors on the disco floors. The DJ's favorite song is unlikely to be played again if it proves unsuccessful in inviting visitors to the floor. Producers and record companies also took the song selection initiative by releasing a black disc containing the songs to be played at the discotheque.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":333,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ketika dirilis sebagai singel, lagu disko dirilis dalam bentuk singel 12 inci (piringan hitam 30 cm). Lagu -lagu diputar DJ di diskotek secara sambung-menyambung sesuai dengan kecocokan tempo antara satu lagu dan lagu berikutnya seperti petunjuk tempo yang tertera pada sampul.","translated_text":"When released as a single, the disco song was released as a 12-inch single (30 cm black disc). The song. -the song is played by the DJ at the discotheque interconnecting in accordance with the tempo matching between one song and the next song like the tempo indicator on the cover.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":277,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Klub dansa khusus anggota bernama The Loft yang dibuka David Mancuso di kediaman pribadinya di New York City pada tahun 1970 dianggap sebagai perintis klub-klub disko.","translated_text":"A member's special dance club called The Loft that David Mancuso opened at his private residence in New York City in 1970 is considered a pioneer of disco clubs.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco: A Decade of Saturday Nights |url=http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128 |date= |work= |publisher=empsfm.org |accessdate=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2009-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827054010/http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":"http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":908,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:37.480250-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco: A Decade of Saturday Nights |url=http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128 |date= |work= |publisher=empsfm.org |accessdate=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2009-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827054010/http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090827054010/http://www.empsfm.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=128","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:37.687898-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco Roots: Disco Timeline |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |date= |work= |publisher=Disco Music.com |accessdate=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":"http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":303,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:27.122467-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco Roots: Disco Timeline |url=http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |date= |work= |publisher=Disco Music.com |accessdate=2010-10-24 |archive-date=2013-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130310080402/http://www.discomusic.com/101-more/7124_0_7_0_C/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:27.464300-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Klub dansa khusus anggota bernama The Loft yang dibuka David Mancuso di kediaman pribadinya di New York City pada tahun 1970 dianggap sebagai perintis klub-klub disko. Setelah itu, klub-klub disko mulai bermunculan, dan tidak hanya di New York.","translated_text":"A member's special dance club called The Loft that David Mancuso opened at his private residence in New York City in 1970 is considered a pioneer of disco clubs. After that, disco clubs began to emerge, and not just in New York.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |date=December 10, 2002 |work= |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":244,"name":"heretodisco","url":"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.580964-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Klub dansa khusus anggota bernama The Loft yang dibuka David Mancuso di kediaman pribadinya di New York City pada tahun 1970 dianggap sebagai perintis klub-klub disko. Setelah itu, klub-klub disko mulai bermunculan, dan tidak hanya di New York. Klub disko paling terkenal di Manhattan sepanjang akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an adalah Studio 54.","translated_text":"A member's special dance club called The Loft that David Mancuso opened at his private residence in New York City in 1970 is considered a pioneer of disco clubs. After that, disco clubs began to emerge, and not just in New York. Manhattan's most famous disco club throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s was Studio 54.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Studio 54: History |url=http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2009-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219222848/http://roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":343,"name":null,"url":"http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:37.756213-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Studio 54: History |url=http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2010-10-25 |archive-date=2009-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219222848/http://roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":343,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090219222848/http://roundabouttheatre.org/ot_54_4.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:38.063981-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kembalinya kepopuleran Bee Gees pada tahun 1976 ditandai oleh lagu \"You Should Be Dancing\" yang sampai di urutan nomor satu di Billboard Hot 100 sebelum menduduki tangga lagu Hot Dance Club Play selama 7 minggu berturut-turut, dan mencapai peringkat 5 UK Singles Chart pada bulan Juli tahun sama.","translated_text":"The Bee Gees' 1976 return to popularity was marked by the song \"You Should Be Dancing\" which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 before topping the Hot Dance Club Play chart for 7 consecutive weeks, and reaching number 5 on the UK Singles Chart in July of the same year.","citations":[{"content":"[Roberts, David. Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums. Guinness World Records Ltd 17th edition (2004), p. 52 ISBN 0-85112-199-3]","char_index":296,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kelarisan film dan album Saturday Night Fever menjadikan disko sebagai hobi baru generasi muda Amerika. Pada tahun 1979, pendapatan dari industri musik disko di Amerika Serikat sebesar AS$4 miliar per tahun. Di Amerika Serikat waktu itu diperkirakan ada sekitar 15.000 diskotek.","translated_text":"The animation of the Saturday Night Fever film and album made disco a new hobby for the younger generation of Americans. In 1979, the income from the disco music industry in the United States was $4 billion a year. In the United States at that time, it is estimated that there were about 15,000 discos.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=ARTS IN AMERICA; Here's to Disco, It Never Could Say Goodbye |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |date=December 10, 2002 |work= |publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":278,"name":"heretodisco","url":"http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04EFDF163AF933A25751C1A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.580964-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di Amerika Serikat waktu itu diperkirakan ada sekitar 15.000 diskotek. Di kota-kota besar, diskotek dipadati oleh penggemar disko yang berpakaian meniru pemeran film Saturday Night Fever. Pengunjung pria mengenakan setelan tiga potong dari bahan poliester seperti yang dikenakan John Travolta ketika memerankan Tony Manero, lengkap dengan sepatu berhak tinggi dan liontin emas.","translated_text":"In the United States at that time, it is estimated that there were about 15,000 discos. In the big cities, discos are populated by disco enthusiasts dressed like the cast of Saturday Night Fever. The male visitor wears a three-piece polyester suit similar to that worn by John Travolta when he played Tony Manero, complete with high-heeled shoes and gold pendants.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Disco Hits | encyclopedia = From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century | last=Mansour | first=David |publisher = Andrews McMeel Publishing | location = |isbn = 0-7407-5118-2}}]","char_index":377,"name":"abba","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah bertahun-tahun disko berada di puncak kepopuleran, sentimen antidisko mulai berkembang terutama di Amerika Serikat. Kritik terhadap musik disko diwujudkan dalam bentuk slogan \"disco sucks\" yang disponsori stasiun-stasiun radio yang sebagian besar pendengarnya orang kulit putih di perkotaan.","translated_text":"After years of disco at the height of its popularity, anti-disco sentiment began to develop especially in the United States. Criticism of disco music was embodied in the slogan \"disco sucks\" sponsored by radio stations that are mostly white urban listeners.","citations":[{"content":"[(2001) \"Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture\", ISBN 0-415-16161-4, 9780415161619, p.217: \"In fact, by 1977, before punk spread, there was a \"disco sucks\" movement sponsored by radio stations that attracted suburban white youth, who insisted that disco was escapist, synthetic and overproduced.\"]","char_index":299,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj78.php] [[Robert Christgau]] for the [[Village Voice]] Pop & Jop Poll 1978 January 22, 1979]","char_index":299,"name":"Christgau","url":"http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj78.php]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.269186-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Puncak gerakan antidisko adalah acara Disco Demolition Night yang diadakan di Stadion Comiskey Park, 12 Juli 1979. Penyelenggara acara adalah DJ radio bernama Steve Dahl dibantu direktur promosi Chicago White Sox bernama Mike Veeck. Ketidaksenangan Veeck pada disko didukung Dahl yang sering mengatakan \"Disco sucks!\" sepanjang siaran.","translated_text":"The pinnacle of the anti-disco movement was the Disco Demolition Night event held at Comiskey Park Stadium, July 12, 1979. The host was a radio DJ named Steve Dahl assisted by Chicago White Sox promotional director Mike Veeck. Veeck's discontent with disco was backed by Dahl who often said \"Disco sucks!\" throughout the broadcast.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}]","char_index":335,"name":"Neyer","url":"https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.320573-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Ketidaksenangan Veeck pada disko didukung Dahl yang sering mengatakan \"Disco sucks!\" sepanjang siaran. Penonton yang membawa piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko hanya dikenakan harga tiket 98 sen untuk menyaksikan pertandingan bisbol doubleheader antara Chicago White Sox dan Detroit Tigers. Sebagai sebuah promosi pertandingan bisbol, acara tersebut di luar dugaan didatangi penonton melampaui kapasitas stadion (angka resmi jumlah penonton sebanyak 47.795 orang).","translated_text":"Veeck's discontent with disco was backed by Dahl who often said \"Disco sucks!\" throughout the broadcast. Viewers carrying black discs of disco songs are only charged a 98-cent ticket to watch a doubleheader baseball game between the Chicago White Sox and Detroit Tigers. As a promotion of a baseball game, the event was surprisingly attended by spectators exceeding the capacity of the stadium (the official figure was 47,795 spectators).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}]","char_index":460,"name":"Neyer","url":"https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.320573-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Blunders: A Complete Guide to the Worst Decisions and Stupidest Moments in Baseball History|url=https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9|last=Neyer|first=Rob|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2006|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=|isbn=0-7432-8491-7,|pages=[https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9/page/175 175]}}]","char_index":460,"name":"Neyer","url":"https://archive.org/details/robneyersbigbook0000neye_b3b9","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:45.320573-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Sebagai sebuah promosi pertandingan bisbol, acara tersebut di luar dugaan didatangi penonton melampaui kapasitas stadion (angka resmi jumlah penonton sebanyak 47.795 orang). Puncak acara berupa penyalaan api anggun di tengah lapangan yang membakar kira-kira 10.000 keping piringan hitam lagu-lagu disko. Namun pembakaran tersebut diartikan penonton sebagai aba-aba untuk memulai kekacauan.","translated_text":"As a promotion of a baseball game, the event was surprisingly attended by spectators exceeding the capacity of the stadium (the official figure was 47,795 spectators). The highlight of the event was a lavish fireworks display in the center of the square that burned about 10,000 black discs of disco songs. But the burning was interpreted by the audience as a centennial to start chaos.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|title=Baseball in the American League Central Division|url=https://archive.org/details/baseballinameric0000port|last=Porterfield|first=Jason|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2009|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|location=|isbn=1-4358-5042-4|pages=}}]","char_index":389,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/baseballinameric0000port","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218584,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:46.245401-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Disko kehilangan momentumnya ketika tahun 1970-an berubah menjadi 1980-an. Meskipun demikian, disko tidak mati, melainkan bermutasi menjadi berbagai macam genre musik dance, mulai dari dance-pop dan hip-hop hingga house music dan techno.","translated_text":"Disco lost its momentum when the 1970s turned into the 1980s. Despite this, disco did not die, but rather mutated into a variety of dance music genres, ranging from dance-pop and hip-hop to house music and techno.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Disco |url=http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16 |date= |work= |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2010-10-25}}]","char_index":237,"name":"allmusic","url":"http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/disco-d16","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214575,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:26.501725-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"disco music.com: situs web khusus musik disko Disco Savvy: daftar kronologis lagu-lagu disko Sexy Days of Disco : slideshow majalah Life","translated_text":"Disco Savvy: chronological list of disco songs Sexy Days of Disco: slideshow of the magazine Life","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819181136/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/46031/sexy-days-of-disco |date=2010-08-19 }}","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100819181136/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/46031/sexy-days-of-disco","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:50.141936-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Finlandia","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Finlandia|Eropa}}","hash":"92c692339a52258f000948fc30a7bb46224183b9bd12abc4b501792b233fed55","last_revision":"2013-04-06T13:22:13Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.118149","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام فنلندا","cy":"Categori:Egin Ffiniaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om finner","en":"Category:Finnish people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri finnoj","eu":"Kategoria:Finlandiako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité finlandaise","is":"Flokkur:Wikipedia:Æviágripsstubbar tengdir Finnlandi","it":"Categoria:Stub - finlandesi","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Suomijos asmenybės","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Finlandezi","tr":"Kategori:Fin taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Фінляндії","ur":"زمرہ:فنی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:芬蘭人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Kroasia","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Kroasia|Eropa}}","hash":"1e4130bae90d47c84c1c5895103e422db3235eddd864485351a7c181248e87fc","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.183057","cross_lingual_links":{"da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om kroatere","en":"Category:Croatian people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri kroatoj","eu":"Kategoria:Kroaziako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité croate","hr":"Kategorija:U izradi, Životopisi Hrvatska","it":"Categoria:Stub - croati","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Хрвати","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Croați","tr":"Kategori:Hırvat taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Хорватії","ur":"زمرہ:کرویئشائی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:克罗地亚人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Latvia","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Latvia|Eropa}}","hash":"92bba1a7163a367755c3dd23e41b3e877d15c48761a8b77ca4a90a9d59498e96","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.236612","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Categoria:Esborranys de letons","cy":"Categori:Egin Latfiaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om letter","en":"Category:Latvian people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri latvoj","eu":"Kategoria:Letoniako biografia zirriborroak","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité lettonne","hu":"Kategória:Csonkok (lett életrajz)","it":"Categoria:Stub - lettoni","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Latvijos asmenybės","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Latvijas cilvēkiem","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Letonia","tr":"Kategori:Leton taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Латвії","ur":"زمرہ:لٹویائی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai nhân vật Latvia","zh":"Category:拉脱维亚人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.541949","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Liechtenstein","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Liechtenstein|Eropa}}","hash":"90355617d89ff518d92bc9ae26342ee1e57395ca0f652b6eb7561644e2486334","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:38Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.297453","cross_lingual_links":{"it":"Categoria:Stub - liechtensteinesi"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Monako","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Monako|Eropa}}","hash":"6b3cc526c6166657206a5e78ed6146b51ff3a45c5b307dc748e1eabc4c0d5da8","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.361587","cross_lingual_links":{"it":"Categoria:Stub - monegaschi"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Moldova","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Moldova|Eropa}}","hash":"11975693cacb4691a87ddc8ed1923b64d2a2ad9867d734a21703cfaa788753aa","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:44Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.425646","cross_lingual_links":{"cy":"Categori:Egin Moldofiaid","en":"Category:Moldovan people stubs","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité moldave","it":"Categoria:Stub - moldavi","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Moldoveni","tr":"Kategori:Moldovalı taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Молдови","ur":"زمرہ:مالدووائی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai nhân vật Moldova","zh":"Category:摩尔多瓦人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Norwegia","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Norwegia|Eropa}}","hash":"100e63724c92d5053fdec275c264a36c38384b417b0e71d4a50b04a398c43a07","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.478595","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام النرويج","cy":"Categori:Egin Norwyaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om nordmænd","en":"Category:Norwegian people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri norvegoj","eu":"Kategoria:Norvegiako biografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد اهالی نروژ","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité norvégienne","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר נורווגים","is":"Flokkur:Wikipedia:Æviágripsstubbar tengdir Noregi","it":"Categoria:Stub - norvegesi","ku":"Kategorî:Şitilên kesên norwêcî","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Norvegieni","tr":"Kategori:Norveçli taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Норвегії","ur":"زمرہ:نارویجن شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:挪威人物小作品","zh-yue":"Category:挪威人物楔類"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Portugal","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Portugal|Eropa}}","hash":"1244a20ef07a2bd57febc259f6839e48ed38d18b0282cb36de375ae99fca8492","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:57Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:30:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.537895","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أعلام البرتغال","ca":"Categoria:Esborranys de portuguesos","cy":"Categori:Egin Portiwgaliaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om portugisere","en":"Category:Portuguese people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri portugaloj","eu":"Kategoria:Portugalgo biografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد اهالی پرتغال","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité portugaise","it":"Categoria:Stub - portoghesi","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Portugalijos asmenybės","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Portughezi","tr":"Kategori:Portekizli taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Португалії","ur":"زمرہ:پرتگیزی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:葡萄牙人物小作品","zh-yue":"Category:葡萄牙人物楔類"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Serbia","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Serbia|Eropa}}","hash":"f680338347e2ab1aecddb99f76851734131990e5d555628ee4c3ec241c6d9ef2","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:31:28Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:31:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:11.596517","cross_lingual_links":{"cy":"Categori:Egin Serbiaid","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte biografier om serbere","en":"Category:Serbian people stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri serboj","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité serbe","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר סרבים","it":"Categoria:Stub - serbi","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Срби","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Biografii Sârbi","tr":"Kategori:Sırp taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про осіб Сербії","ur":"زمرہ:سربیائی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:塞爾維亞人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Anti-trombin","wikicode":"'''Anti-trombin''' ({{lang-en|antithrombin, antithrombin III, serpin peptidase inhibitor member 1, clade C, AT}}) adalah [[molekul kecil]] [[glikoprotein]] sepanjang 432 [[asam amino|AA]] hasil [[sekresi]] oleh [[hati]], dengan berkas [[gen]]etik SERPINC1,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/462\n| title = SERPINC1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] pada [[kromosom 1 (manusia)|kromosom 1]] deret 1q23-q25.1.\n\nAT menghambat efek yang ditimbulkan [[trombin]], [[Protrombinase|faktor Xa]] dan [[Protromboplastin beta|faktor IXa]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Darah}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor koagulasi]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"8e218ded864233e9317bd0d22ccb691cd5536d72a9efc48ea6b1e4fd7f981476","last_revision":"2023-12-29T03:17:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:40:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:13.362433","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مضاد الثرومبين","ca":"Antitrombina","cy":"SERPINC1","de":"Antithrombin III","el":"Αντιθρομβίνη","en":"Antithrombin","es":"Antitrombina","fa":"آنتیترومبین","fi":"Antitrombiini","fr":"Antithrombine","gl":"Antitrombina","he":"אנטיתרומבין","hr":"Antitrombin","it":"Antitrombina","ja":"アンチトロンビン","mk":"Антитромбин III","nl":"Antitrombine","pl":"Antytrombina","pt":"Antitrombina","ro":"Antitrombină","ru":"Антитромбин","sh":"Antitrombin","sr":"Antitrombin","sv":"Antitrombin","th":"แอนติทรอมบิน","uk":"Антитромбін"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"Anti-trombin () adalah molekul kecil glikoprotein sepanjang 432 AA hasil sekresi oleh hati, dengan berkas genetik SERPINC1, pada kromosom 1 deret 1q23-q25.1.\n\nAT menghambat efek yang ditimbulkan trombin, faktor Xa dan faktor IXa.\n\nKategori:Faktor koagulasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Anti","translated_text":"The anti","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-trombin () adalah molekul kecil glikoprotein sepanjang 432 AA hasil sekresi oleh hati, dengan berkas genetik SERPINC1, pada kromosom 1 deret 1q23-q25.1.","translated_text":"-trombin () is a small 432 AA length glycoprotein molecule secreted by the liver, with the SERPINC1 genetic file, on chromosome 1 series 1q23-q25.1.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/462 | title = SERPINC1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":119,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/462","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":238522,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:53.270897-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77392578125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"AT menghambat efek yang ditimbulkan trombin, faktor Xa dan faktor IXa.","translated_text":"AT inhibits the effects of thrombin, factor Xa and factor IXa.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor koagulasi","translated_text":"Coagulation factors:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Anti -trombin () adalah molekul kecil glikoprotein sepanjang 432 AA hasil sekresi oleh hati, dengan berkas genetik SERPINC1, pada kromosom 1 deret 1q23-q25.1.","translated_text":"The anti -trombin () is a small 432 AA length glycoprotein molecule secreted by the liver, with the SERPINC1 genetic file, on chromosome 1 series 1q23-q25.1.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/462 | title = SERPINC1 serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":124,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/462","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":238522,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:53.270897-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77392578125}]}]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Lesotho","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Lesotho|Afrika}}","hash":"c64b37dc3dc0d7e7185bb79f7f5bd105dbebaced538f26b6557fac80ee748f4e","last_revision":"2009-09-02T13:01:03Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T13:01:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:13.750819","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:Lesotho geography stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Lesothoko geografia zirriborroak","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد جغرافیای لسوتو","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia do Lesoto","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Лесото","zh":"Category:萊索托地理小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Siprus","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Siprus|Asia}}","hash":"00865586b44c7e5086b586a214bf0d07fdd379ab8263f31d3a0c2947f80bf59f","last_revision":"2013-04-06T13:16:29Z","first_revision":"2009-09-01T06:28:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:13.806097","cross_lingual_links":{"bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:সাইপ্রাস ভৌগোলিক অসম্পূর্ণ","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte artikler om Cyperns geografi","en":"Category:Cyprus geography stubs","eu":"Kategoria:Zipreko geografia zirriborroak","mk":"Категорија:Географски никулци за Кипар","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia de Chipre","sq":"Kategoria:CY-gjeo-cung","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з географії Кіпру","ur":"زمرہ:جغرافیہ قبرص کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:塞浦路斯地理小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik geografi Irlandia Utara","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik geografi negara|Irlandia Utara|Eropa}}","hash":"44ae9b84ee6c6c02f9b2cbf4c86b4b4d7be43a233a3d51787884042cbcc1cb74","last_revision":"2013-04-02T12:44:27Z","first_revision":"2009-09-01T07:12:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:13.858196","cross_lingual_links":{"el":"Κατηγορία:Βόρειας Ιρλανδίας γεωγραφία-επέκταση","en":"Category:Northern Ireland geography stubs","ga":"Catagóir:Síolta Tíreolaíocht Thuaisceart Éireann","mk":"Категорија:Географски никулци за Северна Ирска","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre geografia da Irlanda do Norte"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Oseania","wikicode":"{{Topik Oseania|prefix=:Kategori:Rintisan biografi|state=collapsed|countries_only=y}}\n\n[[Kategori:Rintisan biografi menurut kawasan|Oseania]]","hash":"ed937396ede0d773a4893e3f31e26d6c0afa45998194ea0486dcc6b6952e73cd","last_revision":"2017-02-09T12:18:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:56:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:13.915972","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة أوقيانوسيون","cy":"Categori:Egin pobl o Oceania","en":"Category:Oceanian people stubs","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за луѓе од Океанија","tr":"Kategori:Okyanusyalı taslakları","ur":"زمرہ:اوقیانوسی شخصیات کے نامکمل مضامین","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai người châu Đại dương","zh":"Category:大洋洲人物小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"Oseania\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Oseania","translated_text":"Oceania","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Tuvalu","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Tuvalu|Oseania}}","hash":"029a949a6784e0c1d628fb4a8c332e98f579192100de52f53d42690af92e4c3b","last_revision":"2010-10-25T12:56:36Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T12:56:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:13.966477","cross_lingual_links":{"cy":"Categori:Egin Twfalwaid","en":"Category:Tuvaluan people stubs","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche personnalité tuvaluane"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Irlandia-bio-stub","wikicode":"{{asbox\n|name = Templat:Irlandia-bio-stub\n|icon = {{Negara-bio-stub/icon|Republik Irlandia}}\n|subject = biografi [[Republik Irlandia]]\n|qualifier = \n|category = Rintisan biografi Republik Irlandia\n|tempsort = {{PAGENAME}}\n}}\n[[Kategori:Semua rintisan biografi|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Semua artikel biografi|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Rintisan biografi {{#time: F | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }} {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Artikel biografi {{#time: F | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }} {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Templat bio-stub menurut negara|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Templat rintisan Republik Irlandia|Bio]]\n","hash":"70adf45a87d55389a41c98ae43c5d6bff5595e749db1944d910d51f51cbe14f4","last_revision":"2022-09-17T07:11:20Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T13:07:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:14.017579","cross_lingual_links":{"ang":"Bysen:Ireland-bio-stub","ar":"قالب:بذرة أعلام أيرلندا","cy":"Nodyn:Eginyn un o Iwerddon","da":"Skabelon:IE-biostub","en":"Template:Ireland-bio-stub","ga":"Teimpléad:Síol-beath-ie","mk":"Предлошка:Ирска-био-никулец","ms":"Templat:Tunas-bio-Ireland","ro":"Format:Ciot-bio-Irlanda","ru":"Шаблон:Ireland-bio-stub","zh":"Template:Ireland-bio-stub","zh-yue":"Template:Ireland-bio-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:56.679062","text":"{{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} Bio\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} Bio","translated_text":"It's the first time I've seen this.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Hawaii","wikicode":"{{Rintisan bertopik biografi negara|Hawaii|Oseania}}\n\n[[Kategori:Rintisan biografi Amerika Serikat]]","hash":"c8b25e18fc4029bf69e3ca9fde73f1125a19d4b73636846272e3d469c0ea8948","last_revision":"2010-10-25T14:38:26Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:01:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:14.133911","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kategori:Rintisan biografi Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Rintisan biografi Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"A brief biography of the United States","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Honduras","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Honduras}}","hash":"703bf9db97280b71940059f7266800c7c2092cc9302917f58a5c56c571940d58","last_revision":"2013-04-06T12:55:11Z","first_revision":"2009-09-03T00:26:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:20.110315","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة هندوراس","az":"Kateqoriya:Honduras qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Хондурас","cy":"Categori:Egin Hondwras","en":"Category:Honduras stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد هندوراس","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Honduras","it":"Categoria:Stub - Honduras","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები ჰონდურასის შესახებ","ko":"분류:온두라스에 관한 토막글","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Хондурас","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Honduras","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Honduras","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Honduras","tr":"Kategori:Honduras taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Гондурас","ur":"زمرہ:ہونڈوراس نامکمل","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai Honduras","zh":"Category:洪都拉斯小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Kuba","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Kuba}}","hash":"c61cc546567a40a8884f9416eca2f1fec7e116f4f7398516d9f94283dda9e876","last_revision":"2013-04-06T12:57:14Z","first_revision":"2009-09-03T00:43:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:20.174434","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة كوبا","az":"Kateqoriya:Kuba qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Куба","cy":"Categori:Egin Ciwba","da":"Kategori:Påbegyndte artikler om Cuba","en":"Category:Cuba stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri Kubo","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد کوبا","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Cuba","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר קובה","hy":"Կատեգորիա:Անավարտ հոդվածներ Կուբայի մասին","it":"Categoria:Stub - Cuba","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები კუბის შესახებ","ko":"분류:쿠바에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Kuba","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Kubu","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Куба","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Cuba","os":"Категори:Æрдæгцæттæ статьятæ Кубæйы тыххæй","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Cuba","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Cuba","tr":"Kategori:Küba taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Кубу","ur":"زمرہ:کیوبا نامکمل","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai Cuba","zh":"Category:古巴小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Trinidad dan Tobago","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Trinidad dan Tobago}}","hash":"e4b607461c48de096692233d67e87100731906f561fc76c1fbe5aaa1635e5580","last_revision":"2013-04-06T13:04:22Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T14:47:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:20.246900","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة ترينيداد وتوباغو","az":"Kateqoriya:Trinidad və Tobaqo qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Тринидад и Тобаго","en":"Category:Trinidad and Tobago stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد ترینیداد و توباگو","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Trinité-et-Tobago","it":"Categoria:Stub - Trinidad e Tobago","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები ტრინიდადი და ტობაგოს შესახებ","ko":"분류:트리니다드 토바고에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Trinidadas ir Tobagas","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Тринидад и Тобаго","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Trinidad en Tobago","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Trindade e Tobago","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Trinidad și Tobago","tr":"Kategori:Trinidad ve Tobago taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Тринідад і Тобаго","ur":"زمرہ:ٹرینیڈاڈ و ٹوباگو نامکمل","zh":"Category:千里達及托巴哥小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Saint Kitts dan Nevis","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Saint Kitts dan Nevis}}","hash":"e58710f5a1219a90a48debcfad5b39e93cff3b31f8f539fc75fc348f24b6c065","last_revision":"2013-04-02T17:03:08Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T15:44:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:20.311078","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة سانت كيتس ونيفيس","az":"Kateqoriya:Sent-Kits və Nevis qaralamaları","en":"Category:Saint Kitts and Nevis stubs","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès","it":"Categoria:Stub - Saint Kitts e Nevis","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები სენტ-კიტსი და ნევისის შესახებ","ko":"분류:세인트키츠 네비스에 관한 토막글","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Свети Кристофер и Невис","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre São Cristóvão e Neves","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Saint Kitts și Nevis","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Сент-Кіттс і Невіс","ur":"زمرہ:سینٹ کیٹز و ناویس نامکمل","zh":"Category:聖基茨和尼維斯小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Chili","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Chili}}","hash":"9ed69544a3e6a00e0dc3eda1942f68800d8c3d99a9da7108c863a2a25d80aa01","last_revision":"2020-05-15T23:44:31Z","first_revision":"2009-09-03T00:44:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:20.367259","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة تشيلي","az":"Kateqoriya:Çili qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Чили","ca":"Categoria:Esborranys de Xile","cy":"Categori:Egin Tsile","el":"Κατηγορία:Χιλή-επέκταση","en":"Category:Chile stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد شیلی","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Chili","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר צ'ילה","hy":"Կատեգորիա:Անավարտ հոդվածներ Չիլիի մասին","ilo":"Kategoria:Dagiti pungol nga artikulo ti Chile","it":"Categoria:Stub - Cile","ja":"Category:チリ関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები ჩილეს შესახებ","ko":"분류:칠레에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Čilė","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Čīli","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Чиле","my":"ကဏ္ဍ:ချီလီနိုင်ငံ ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Chili","os":"Категори:Æрдæгцæттæ статьятæ Чилийы тыххæй","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre o Chile","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Chile","sl":"Kategorija:Škrbine o Čilu","tl":"Kategorya:Stub (Tsile)","tr":"Kategori:Şili taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Чилі","ur":"زمرہ:چلی نامکمل","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai Chile","zh":"Category:智利小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Laktat dehidrogenase","wikicode":"[[Berkas: 1i10.jpg|jmpl|300 px|Laktat dehidrogenase M tetramer (LDH5), Human.]]\n'''Dehidrogenase laktat''' ({{lang-en|lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, LD, EC 1.1.1.27}}) adalah [[enzim]] [[dehidrogenase]] dengan [[isoform]].\n\nTipe A dengan berkas [[gen]]etik LDHA,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3939\n| title = LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A [ Homo sapiens ] \n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] pada [[kromosom 11 (manusia)|kromosom 11]] lokasi 11p15.4, dan tipe C dengan berkas [[gen]]etik LDHC,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948\n| title = LDHC lactate dehydrogenase C [ Homo sapiens ] \n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] pada [[kromosom 11 (manusia)|kromosom 11]] deret 11p15.1, memiliki fungsi [[katalis]] pada [[reaksi kimiawi|reaksi]] konversi [[asam laktat|L-laktat]] dan [[Nikotinamida adenina dinukleotida|NAD]] menjadi [[asam piruvat]] dan NADH, pada [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[glikolisis]]. Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada [[jaringan otot]] dengan [[mutasi]] genetik yang menyebabkan [[mioglobinuria]].\n\nTipe B memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik LDHB,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3945\n| title = LDHB lactate dehydrogenase B [ Homo sapiens ] \n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] pada [[kromosom 12 (manusia)|kromosom 12]] deret 12p12.2-p12.1, dengan fungsi katalis bolak-balik dengan [[substrat]] dan produk yang sama dengan tipe A. Sedangkan tipe D memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik LDHD,[{{en}} {{cite web|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948\n| title = LDHD lactate dehydrogenase D [ Homo sapiens ] \n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] pada [[kromosom 16 (manusia)|kromosom 16]] deret 16q23.1.\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Enzim}}\n\n[[Kategori:Enzim]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"628b62f2cda47da8481f3d99e25e9b593d9602703a61210a4d11457b47a47d82","last_revision":"2023-02-07T19:56:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:18:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:22.382567","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"إنزيم نازع لهيدروجين اللاكتات","ca":"Lactat deshidrogenasa","de":"L-Lactatdehydrogenase","el":"Γαλακτική αφυδρογονάση","en":"Lactate dehydrogenase","es":"Lactato deshidrogenasa","fa":"لاکتات دهیدروژناز","fi":"Laktaattidehydrogenaasi","fr":"Lactate déshydrogénase","gl":"Lactato deshidroxenase","he":"לקטט דהידרוגנאז","hr":"Laktat dehidrogenaza","it":"L-lattato deidrogenasi","ja":"乳酸脱水素酵素","ka":"ლაქტატდეჰიდროგენაზა","ko":"젖산 탈수소효소","lv":"Laktātdehidrogenāze","mk":"Лактат дехидрогеназа","nl":"Lactaatdehydrogenase","pl":"Dehydrogenaza mleczanowa","pt":"Lactato desidrogenase","ro":"Lactat dehidrogenază","ru":"Лактатдегидрогеназа","simple":"Lactate dehydrogenase","sr":"Laktatna dehidrogenaza","sv":"Laktatdehydrogenas","uk":"Лактатдегідрогеназа","uz":"Laktat degidrogenaza","zh":"乳酸脱氢酶"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"Dehidrogenase laktat () adalah enzim dehidrogenase dengan isoform.\n\nTipe A dengan berkas genetik LDHA, pada kromosom 11 lokasi 11p15.4, dan tipe C dengan berkas genetik LDHC, pada kromosom 11 deret 11p15.1, memiliki fungsi katalis pada reaksi konversi L-laktat dan NAD menjadi asam piruvat dan NADH, pada lintasan glikolisis. Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan otot dengan mutasi genetik yang menyebabkan mioglobinuria.\n\nTipe B memiliki berkas genetik LDHB, pada kromosom 12 deret 12p12.2-p12.1, dengan fungsi katalis bolak-balik dengan substrat dan produk yang sama dengan tipe A. Sedangkan tipe D memiliki berkas genetik LDHD, pada kromosom 16 deret 16q23.1.\n\nKategori:Enzim\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dehidrogenase laktat () adalah enzim dehidrogenase dengan isoform.","translated_text":"Lactate dehydrogenase () is an enzyme dehydrogenase with an isoform.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tipe A dengan berkas genetik LDHA, pada kromosom 11 lokasi 11p15.4, dan tipe C dengan berkas genetik LDHC, pada kromosom 11 deret 11p15.1, memiliki fungsi katalis pada reaksi konversi L-laktat dan NAD menjadi asam piruvat dan NADH, pada lintasan glikolisis.","translated_text":"Type A with LDHA genetic file, on chromosome 11 location 11p15.4, and type C with LDHC genetic file, on chromosome 11 series 11p15.1, have catalytic functions in the conversion reaction of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH, on the glycolysis trajectory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3939 | title = LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3939","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":249941,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:56.803475-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7548828125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948 | title = LDHC lactate dehydrogenase C [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":227649,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:00.331779-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76220703125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Enzim ini banyak ditemukan pada jaringan otot dengan mutasi genetik yang menyebabkan mioglobinuria.","translated_text":"This enzyme is found abundantly in muscle tissue with a genetic mutation that causes myoglobinuria.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tipe B memiliki berkas genetik LDHB, pada kromosom 12 deret 12p12.2-p12.1, dengan fungsi katalis bolak-balik dengan substrat dan produk yang sama dengan tipe A. Sedangkan tipe D memiliki berkas genetik LDHD, pada kromosom 16 deret 16q23.1.","translated_text":"Type B has the LDHB genetic file, on chromosome 12 series 12p12.2-p12.1, with catalytic function alternating with substrates and products similar to type A. Whereas type D has the LDHD genetic file, on chromosome 16 series 16q23.1.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3945 | title = LDHB lactate dehydrogenase B [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":36,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3945","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":250023,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:03.546578-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948 | title = LDHD lactate dehydrogenase D [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":227649,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:00.331779-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76220703125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Enzim","translated_text":"Category:Enzymes","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Tipe A dengan berkas genetik LDHA, pada kromosom 11 lokasi 11p15.4, dan tipe C dengan berkas genetik LDHC, pada kromosom 11 deret 11p15.1, memiliki fungsi katalis pada reaksi konversi L-laktat dan NAD menjadi asam piruvat dan NADH, pada lintasan glikolisis.","translated_text":"Type A with LDHA genetic file, on chromosome 11 location 11p15.4, and type C with LDHC genetic file, on chromosome 11 series 11p15.1, have catalytic functions in the conversion reaction of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH, on the glycolysis trajectory.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3939 | title = LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3939","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":249941,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:29:56.803475-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7548828125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948 | title = LDHC lactate dehydrogenase C [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":227649,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:00.331779-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76220703125}]},{"text":"Tipe B memiliki berkas genetik LDHB, pada kromosom 12 deret 12p12.2-p12.1, dengan fungsi katalis bolak-balik dengan substrat dan produk yang sama dengan tipe A. Sedangkan tipe D memiliki berkas genetik LDHD, pada kromosom 16 deret 16q23.1.","translated_text":"Type B has the LDHB genetic file, on chromosome 12 series 12p12.2-p12.1, with catalytic function alternating with substrates and products similar to type A. Whereas type D has the LDHD genetic file, on chromosome 16 series 16q23.1.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3945 | title = LDHB lactate dehydrogenase B [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":36,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3945","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":250023,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:03.546578-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web|url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948 | title = LDHD lactate dehydrogenase D [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3948","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":227649,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:00.331779-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76220703125}]}]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Afrika Tengah","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Afrika Tengah}}","hash":"0cb5a8734623393d7c771f193113dc55e4d07f4d5c8dccb6c87d1290426bbf27","last_revision":"2016-07-25T08:34:26Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T15:50:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:22.439055","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة جمهورية إفريقيا الوسطى","az":"Kateqoriya:MAR qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Централноафриканската република","cy":"Categori:Egin Gweriniaeth Canolbarth Affrica","en":"Category:Central African Republic stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri Centr-Afrika Respubliko","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche République centrafricaine","it":"Categoria:Stub - Repubblica Centrafricana","ja":"Category:中央アフリカ関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები ცენტრალური აფრიკის რესპუბლიკის შესახებ","ko":"분류:중앙아프리카 공화국에 관한 토막글","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за ЦАР","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre República Centro-Africana","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Republica Centrafricană","tr":"Kategori:Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про ЦАР","ur":"زمرہ:وسطی افریقی جمہوریہ نامکمل","zh":"Category:中非共和國小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Botswana","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Botswana}}","hash":"8cf8dc26e46e884bc0b748fd13cdbc8280d251b7f58616b6af4ee630ac231d77","last_revision":"2013-04-06T10:30:48Z","first_revision":"2009-09-03T01:30:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:22.615785","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة بوتسوانا","az":"Kateqoriya:Botsvana qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Ботсвана","cy":"Categori:Egin Botswana","el":"Κατηγορία:Μποτσουάνα-επέκταση","en":"Category:Botswana stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri Bocvano","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد بوتسوانا","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Botswana","it":"Categoria:Stub - Botswana","ja":"Category:ボツワナ関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები ბოტსვანის შესახებ","ko":"분류:보츠와나에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Botsvana","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Botsvānu","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Боцвана","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Botswana","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Botswana","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Botswana","tn":"Karolo:Dipego tse di nnyane tsa Botswana","tr":"Kategori:Botsvana taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Ботсвану","ur":"زمرہ:بوٹسوانا نامکمل","zh":"Category:博茨瓦納小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.108871","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Kamerun","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Kamerun}}","hash":"bd0cca6cccae298e7f7c08aff6ff633d49ad305c6b3742b39802e321ccea05f4","last_revision":"2013-04-02T17:34:12Z","first_revision":"2009-09-03T01:28:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:23.172270","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة الكاميرون","az":"Kateqoriya:Kamerun qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Камерун","en":"Category:Cameroon stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri Kameruno","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد کامرون","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Cameroun","he":"קטגוריה:קצרמר קמרון","it":"Categoria:Stub - Camerun","ja":"Category:カメルーン関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები კამერუნის შესახებ","ko":"분류:카메룬에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Kamerūnas","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Kamerūnu","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Камерун","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Kameroen","os":"Категори:Æрдæгцæттæ статьятæ Камеруны тыххæй","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Camarões","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Camerun","sl":"Kategorija:Škrbine o Kamerunu","tr":"Kategori:Kamerun taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Камерун","ur":"زمرہ:کیمرون نامکمل","zh":"Category:喀麥隆小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Republik Kongo","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Republik Kongo}}","hash":"016b5bbd3a420d5534827f15cc3ee2ac8e59bca2383ef4e7cdef28eec7ad45e0","last_revision":"2010-11-01T18:49:58Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T15:59:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:23.225996","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة عن جمهورية الكونغو","az":"Kateqoriya:Konqo Respublikası qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Република Конго","cy":"Categori:Egin Gweriniaeth y Congo","en":"Category:Republic of the Congo stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد جمهوری کنگو","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche république du Congo","it":"Categoria:Stub - Repubblica del Congo","ja":"Category:コンゴ共和国関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები კონგოს რესპუბლიკის შესახებ","ko":"분류:콩고 공화국에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Kongas","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Република Конго","my":"ကဏ္ဍ:ကွန်ဂိုသမ္မတနိုင်ငံ ဆောင်းပါးတိုများ","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Congo-Brazzaville","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre a República do Congo","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Republica Congo","tr":"Kategori:Kongo Cumhuriyeti taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Республіку Конго","ur":"زمرہ:جمہوریہ کانگو نامکمل","zh":"Category:剛果共和國小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Mali","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Mali}}","hash":"1e2572014a58e23abfd6cf1ada74d0f1986dd02aab2a6a8ad6529f5576d16bf4","last_revision":"2013-04-06T12:58:40Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T16:22:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:23.348042","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة مالي","az":"Kateqoriya:Mali qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Мали","cy":"Categori:Egin Mali","en":"Category:Mali stubs","eo":"Kategorio:Ĝermoj pri Malio","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد مالی","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Mali","it":"Categoria:Stub - Mali","ja":"Category:マリ共和国関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები მალის შესახებ","ko":"분류:말리에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Malis","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Mali","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Мали","ms":"Kategori:Tunas Mali","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Mali","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Mali","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Mali","tr":"Kategori:Mali taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Малі","ur":"زمرہ:مالی نامکمل","vi":"Thể loại:Sơ khai Mali","zh":"Category:马里小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Lesotho","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Lesotho}}","hash":"3bef3b67e1da9f6176aae1d3f5eda7fb240e6c1c68daa3acc4885d5f8d8a0b1a","last_revision":"2013-04-06T12:57:47Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T16:30:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:23.706295","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة ليسوتو","az":"Kateqoriya:Lesoto qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Лесото","cy":"Categori:Egin Lesotho","en":"Category:Lesotho stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد لسوتو","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Lesotho","it":"Categoria:Stub - Lesotho","ja":"Category:レソト関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები ლესოთოს შესახებ","ko":"분류:레소토에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Lesotas","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Лесото","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Lesotho","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre o Lesoto","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Lesotho","tr":"Kategori:Lesotho taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Лесото","ur":"زمرہ:لیسوتھو کے نامکمل مضامین","zh":"Category:萊索托小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Mauritius","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Mauritius}}","hash":"95b698278b2f91ef175a2c29edf6f3e1958f79fb412236e61a75e40ccd43b2f7","last_revision":"2013-04-01T19:35:11Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T16:20:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:23.759700","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة موريشيوس","az":"Kateqoriya:Mavriki qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Мавриций","cy":"Categori:Egin Mawrisiws","en":"Category:Mauritius stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد موریس","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Maurice","it":"Categoria:Stub - Mauritius","ja":"Category:モーリシャス関連のスタブ項目","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები მავრიკის შესახებ","ko":"분류:모리셔스에 관한 토막글","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Маврициус","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre a Maurícia","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Mauritius","tr":"Kategori:Mauritius taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Маврикій","ur":"زمرہ:موریشس نامکمل","zh":"Category:毛里裘斯小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik Pantai Gading","wikicode":"{{rintisan bertopik negara|Pantai Gading}}","hash":"391a56e9a7a4521f71d6b387b55bd516c46f5e4e452f727418bf5dd9491c3765","last_revision":"2010-11-01T18:50:20Z","first_revision":"2009-09-02T16:07:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:23.816231","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:بذرة ساحل العاج","az":"Kateqoriya:Kot-d'İvuar qaralamaları","bg":"Категория:Мъничета за Кот д'Ивоар","cy":"Categori:Egin y Traeth Ifori","en":"Category:Ivory Coast stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد ساحل عاج","fr":"Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche Côte d'Ivoire","it":"Categoria:Stub - Costa d'Avorio","ja":"Category:コートジボワール関連のスタブ項目","ko":"분류:코트디부아르에 관한 토막글","lt":"Kategorija:Nepilni Dramblio Kaulo Krantas","lv":"Kategorija:Nepabeigti raksti par Kotdivuāru","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за Брегот на Слоновата Коска","nl":"Categorie:Wikipedia:Beginnetje Ivoorkust","pt":"Categoria:!Esboços sobre Costa do Marfim","ro":"Categorie:Cioturi Coasta de Fildeș","sw":"Jamii:Mbegu za Cote d'Ivoire","tl":"Kategorya:Stub (Côte d'Ivoire)","tr":"Kategori:Fildişi Sahili taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті про Кот-д'Івуар","ur":"زمرہ:آئیوری کوسٹ نامکمل","zh":"Category:科特迪瓦小作品"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Kategori:Romawi","wikicode":"{{artikel|Romawi}}09041994\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Eropa]]","hash":"275fbbfad8810eed38dadf857e76f70a524f480a00e02fbb085202b25170d160","last_revision":"2023-03-15T01:35:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:24:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:24.813978","cross_lingual_links":{"jv":"Kategori:Romawi","su":"Kategori:Romawi"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"09041994 Kategori:Sejarah Eropa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"09041994 Kategori:Sejarah Eropa","translated_text":"09041994 Category:History of Europe","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik pertambangan","wikicode":"{{Kategori rintisan|pertambangan-stub||pertambangan}}\n\n[[Kategori:Rintisan bertopik ilmu]]\n[[Kategori:Pertambangan]]","hash":"f89bd84946c4f76fb172f08b201dd88f1a2c6538dd7e88fbd424a256df1c109a","last_revision":"2011-08-23T12:12:12Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:24:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:24.872778","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Category:Mining stubs","fa":"رده:مقالههای خرد معدنکاری","hy":"Կատեգորիա:Անավարտ հոդվածներ հանքային գործի մասին","it":"Categoria:Stub - industria estrattiva","ka":"კატეგორია:სტატიების ესკიზები სამთო სამუშაოების შესახებ","mk":"Категорија:Никулци за рударство","ru":"Категория:Незавершённые статьи о горном деле","sco":"Category:Minin stubs","tr":"Kategori:Madencilik taslakları","uk":"Категорія:Незавершені статті з гірництва"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"Kategori:Rintisan bertopik ilmu Kategori:Pertambangan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Rintisan bertopik ilmu Kategori:Pertambangan","translated_text":":Rintisan on the subject of science","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Mitologi Afrika","wikicode":"{{artikelutama|Mitologi Afrika}}\n\n[[Kategori:Mitologi menurut budaya|Afrika]]","hash":"7a1ce098969668c9c156e4d58d0158c0c906a9d96bac607541ce943826316b71","last_revision":"2019-12-02T05:53:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:25:31Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:24.927938","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:أساطير إفريقية","ast":"Categoría:Mitoloxía d'África","az":"Kateqoriya:Afrika mifologiyası","ba":"Категория:Африка мифологияһы","bar":"Kategorie:Afrikanische Mythologie","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Афрыканская міталёгія","bg":"Категория:Африкански митологии","ca":"Categoria:Mitologia africana","de":"Kategorie:Afrikanische Mythologie","diq":"Kategori:Mitolociya Afrika","el":"Κατηγορία:Μυθολογίες της Αφρικής","en":"Category:African mythology","eo":"Kategorio:Afrikaj mitologioj","es":"Categoría:Mitología de África","eu":"Kategoria:Afrikako mitologia","fa":"رده:اسطورهشناسی آفریقایی","fi":"Luokka:Afrikkalainen mytologia","fr":"Catégorie:Mythologie africaine","fy":"Kategory:Afrikaanske mytology","gl":"Categoría:Mitoloxía de África","it":"Categoria:Mitologia africana","ja":"Category:アフリカ神話","ka":"კატეგორია:აფრიკული მითოლოგია","ko":"분류:아프리카의 신화","lt":"Kategorija:Afrikos tautų mitologija","lv":"Kategorija:Āfrikas mitoloģija","mk":"Категорија:Африканска митологија","my":"ကဏ္ဍ:အာဖရိကန် ဒဏ္ဍာရီ","pl":"Kategoria:Mitologia afrykańska","pt":"Categoria:Mitologia africana","ro":"Categorie:Mitologia africană","ru":"Категория:Африканская мифология","sl":"Kategorija:Afriška mitologija","sv":"Kategori:Afrikansk mytologi","tl":"Kategorya:Mitolohiyang Aprikano","tr":"Kategori:Afrika mitolojisi","uk":"Категорія:Африканська міфологія","ur":"زمرہ:افریقی اساطیر","vi":"Thể loại:Thần thoại châu Phi","zh":"Category:非洲神話"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"Afrika\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Afrika","translated_text":"Africa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Templat rintisan Indonesia","wikicode":"{{Portal|Indonesia}}\n[[Kategori:Templat rintisan menurut negara|Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Templat Indonesia|μ]]","hash":"a4c0a89d12a7ab64f9073c505b282564c2d35fb05ebab0db5bfe4eda2056f355","last_revision":"2020-09-28T10:02:56Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:25:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:24.983775","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Kategori:Mal rintisan Indonésia","en":"Category:Indonesia stub templates","jv":"Kategori:Cithakan rintisan Indonésia","min":"Kategori:Templat rancangan Indonesia","pt":"Categoria:!Predefinições de esboço da Indonésia","ro":"Categorie:Formate cioturi Indonezia","sd":"زمرو:انڊونيشيا جا اڻپورا سانچا","tr":"Kategori:Endonezya taslak şablonları","uk":"Категорія:Шаблони:Незавершені статті про Індонезію","ur":"زمرہ:انڈونیشیا نامکمل سانچے","uz":"Turkum:Indoneziyaga oid stub andozalar","vi":"Thể loại:Bản mẫu sơ khai Indonesia"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"Indonesia μ\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Indonesia μ","translated_text":"Indonesia μ","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Eswatini-bio-stub","wikicode":"{{asbox\n|name = Templat:Eswatini-bio-stub\n|icon = {{Negara-bio-stub/icon|Eswatini}}\n|subject = biografi [[Eswatini]]\n|qualifier = \n|category = Rintisan biografi Eswatini\n|tempsort = {{PAGENAME}}\n}}\n[[Kategori:Semua rintisan biografi|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Semua artikel biografi|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Rintisan biografi {{#time: F | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }} {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Artikel biografi {{#time: F | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }} {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Templat bio-stub menurut negara|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Templat rintisan Eswatini|Bio]]\n","hash":"3141580caeae74e62291f0d62d6700db290880d0166e4343bf70a8e1e39174f3","last_revision":"2022-09-17T07:08:49Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T13:12:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.048196","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Template:Eswatini-bio-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"{{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} Bio\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} {{PAGENAME}} Bio","translated_text":"It's the first time I've seen this.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Mauponggo, Nagekeo","wikicode":"{{artikelutama}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kecamatan di Kabupaten Nagekeo]]","hash":"a1c6110bc652cfbbd8d20bcf5efed0ed491c12be8c980a5d54ec458b4677b134","last_revision":"2021-02-08T15:28:18Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T13:39:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.112524","cross_lingual_links":{"map-bms":"Kategori:Mauponggo, Nagekeo"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"Kategori:Kecamatan di Kabupaten Nagekeo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kecamatan di Kabupaten Nagekeo","translated_text":"Districts in Nagekeo County","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Pengguna yang berdomisili di Kota Blitar","wikicode":"{{daritemplat|Pengguna Kota Blitar}}\n[[Kategori:Pengguna yang berdomisili di Jawa Timur|Blitar]]","hash":"15a88fd5eeb5472d4b171f4a8157b38a91d55dfa6b9b0ac89a3a6c933c2a7916","last_revision":"2024-04-07T04:02:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T14:06:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.175125","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Blitar\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Blitar","translated_text":"Lightning","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Pengguna yang berdomisili di Kota Salatiga","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Pengguna yang berdomisili di Jawa Tengah|Salatiga]]","hash":"f174a7393e29a103d35bdf95b48c2104105028e4b2b0af0ec24a9f52d8b625c9","last_revision":"2020-10-02T08:06:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T14:08:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.231918","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Salatiga\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salatiga","translated_text":"Three of them.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Pengguna yang berdomisili di Kelapa Gading","wikicode":"{{daritemplat|Pengguna Kelapa Gading}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pengguna yang berdomisili di Jakarta|Kelapa Gading]]","hash":"afdc3c013b1ca878091005df1a9328222e0a607ae91159d26a9cdb7c904c0b49","last_revision":"2020-07-19T10:07:22Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T14:08:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.286200","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kelapa Gading\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelapa Gading","translated_text":"Ivory coconut","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Call Of Duty Moderen Warefare 2:No Russian","wikicode":"#ALIH [[No Russian]]","hash":"9e83553c7451d529cc29f3a8eff48be0d4252f9d7241d757d34ba6c835fa2e2e","last_revision":"2021-04-21T03:19:45Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T14:10:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.347155","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH No Russian\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH No Russian","translated_text":"It's not Russian","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Interleukin-1","wikicode":"'''Interleukin-1''' (IL-1) juga dikenal sebagai ''leukocyte activating factor'' (LAF), ''B cell activating factor'' (BAF), ''mononuclear cell factor'' (MCF), ''leukocyte endogenous mediator'' (LEM), hemopoeitin-1 dan sejumlah nama lain.[Kresno SB, 1996, Imunologi: Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium, Jakarta: Fak. Kedokteran UI] IL-1 adalah sebutan bagi beberapa [[polipeptida]] [[sitokin]] [[interleukin-1 alfa|IL-1α]], [[interleukin-1 beta|IL-1ß]] dan [[antagonis reseptor interleukin-1|IL-1Ra]], yang memainkan peran penting dalam regulasi [[sistem kekebalan]] dan respon [[peradangan]].\n\nIL-1α dan IL-1ß masing-masing memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik IL1A,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3552\n| title = IL1A interleukin 1, alpha [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] dan IL1B,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3553\n| title = IL1B interleukin 1, beta [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-25\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] pada [[kromosom 2 (manusia)|kromosom 2]] deret yang sama yaitu 2q14, dan merupakan sitokin [[pleiotropik]] hasil sekresi [[monosit]] dan [[makrofag]] berupa prohormon, sebagai respon saat sel mengalami cedera, oleh karena itu menginduksi [[apoptosis]]. Beberapa pakar menganggap bahwa defisiensi genetik IL1A berperan dalam [[artritis reumatoid]] (RA) dan [[Alzheimer]].\n\nIL-1ß merupakan sitokin yang diiris oleh [[Kaspase-1|ICE]], dan berperan di dalam aktivitas seluler seperti [[proliferasi]], [[diferensiasi]] dan [[apoptosis]]. Induksi [[siklooksigenase-2|COX-2]] pada sitokin ini di dalam [[sistem saraf pusat]] ditemukan sebagai penyebab [[hipersensitivitas]] yang memberikan rasa [[sakit]].\n\nInterleukin adalah faktor penyebab [[demam]], mengontrol limfosit, meningkatkan sel sumsum tulang dan menyebabkan degenerasi pada persendian tulang. IL-1 segera menimbulkan demam pada saat mencapai [[hipotalamus]] dan meningkatkan temperatur tubuh dalam waktu 8-10 menit. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IL-1 menyebabkan demam pertama-tama dengan menginduksi pembentukan [[prostaglandin]], terutama [[prostaglandin E2]], kemudian zat ini selanjutnya bekerja dalam hipotalamus untuk membangkitkan reaksi demam.[Guyton AC, Hall JE, 2000, Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran, Edisi 9, Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC] Peningkatan suhu tubuh ini membantu sistem imun tubuh untuk melawan infeksi. IL-1 juga penting dalam pengaturan [[hematopoiesis]].[Woodley MD, Wheelan L, 1995, Pedoman Pengobatan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Essentia Medika & Penerbit Andi Offset]\n\nInterleukin-1 sendiri terdiri dari dua protein yang berbeda yaitu IL-1α dan IL-1β yang keduanya termasuk interleukin-1 superfamili.[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]\n\n== IL-1β dan AR ==\nIL-1β merangsang sintesis dan sekresi aktivator plasminogen jaringan (tPA). [[Plasminogen]] merupakan substrat untuk enzim yang dapat disintesis oleh [[kondrosit]] dan mungkin masuk ke dalam sendi melalui difusi dari [[cairan sinovium]]. Selain efek kataboliknya, pada konsentrasi yang lebih rendah daripada yang diperlukan untuk merangsang degradasi tulang rawan, IL-1β menekan sintesis [[proteoglikan]] oleh kondrosit, menghambat perbaikan matriks sehingga sangat destruktif bagi tulang rawan. IL-1β juga dapat meningkatkan pengaturan ekspresi [[molekul adhesi]] pada [[endotel]], sehingga memungkinkan peningkatan migrasi limfosit dan neutrofil menuju area inflamasi secara berlebihan.[{{cite journal | vauthors = Davidson A, Diamond B | title = Autoimmune diseases | journal = N Engl J Med. | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | pages = 340-50 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11484692}}]\n\nDalam mekanisme AR, IL-1β berperan sebagai faktor osteoklastogenik yang meningkatkan ekspresi [[RANKL]] (''receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand'') pada sel-sel stroma dan meningkatkan kemampuan survival dari [[osteoklas]]. Produksi RANKL mengaktifkan osteoklas yang berperan penting dalam [[resorpsi tulang]] pada penyakit [[artritis]]. [[RANKL]] merupakan ligan yang berikatan dengan reseptornya, yaitu RANK (''receptor activator NF-κB'') yang merupakan salah satu famili TNF-R (''tumor necrosis factor receptor''). Reseptor tersebut diekspresikan pada osteoklas dan beberapa makrofag serta sel dendritik.[Ikawati Z, 2007, Rheumatoid Arthritis Mekanisme Molekuler Penyakit Dan Pengembangan Obatnya, Yogyakarta: Disampaikan dalam Temu Ilmiah Nasional II Bidang Farmakologi dan Farmasi Klinik Fakultas Farmasi UGM]\n\nInteraksi antara IL-1β dengan TNF-α juga dapat menyebabkan aktivitas osteoklastik melalui jalur yang berbeda dari jalur RANKL.[{{cite journal | vauthors = Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Miyaura C | title = The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis: ODF/RANKL-dependent and independent pathways | journal = Arthritis Res. | volume = 3 | issue = Supll A | pages = L024 | year = 2001 | pmc = 3273194 | doi = 10.1186/ar168 }}]\n\nReseptor untuk IL-1β termasuk dalam superfamili reseptor imunoglobulin. Ikatan antara IL-1 dengan reseptor IL-1 tipe 1 (IL-1R) menyebabkan pembentukan protein adaptor yang disebut MyD88, dan aktivasi serin threonin kinase yang disebut IL-1 receptor asssociated kinase (IRAK). IRAK mengautofosforilasi dan berdisosiasi membentuk kompleks serta secara subsekuen mengikat TRAF-6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6). Komplek IRAK-TRAF-6 mengaktifkan [[NF-κB]] (nuclear factor κB) dan [[AP-1]] (activation protein-1). NF-κB yang aktif akan menstimulasi diferensiasi dan aktifasi dari osteoklas serta memicu munculnya inflamasi.[{{cite journal | vauthors = Udagawa N, Kotake S, Katamani N, Takahashi N, Suda T | title = The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis | journal = Arthritis Res. | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = 281-9 | year = 2002 | pmc = 128939 | pmid = 12223101}}][{{cite journal | vauthors = Tak PP, Firestein GS | title = NF-kappaB: a key role in inflammatory diseases | journal = J Clin Invest. | volume = 107 | issue = 1 | pages = 7-11 | year = 2001 | pmc = 198552 | pmid = 11134171}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Hormon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Hormon]]\n[[Kategori:Sitokin]]","hash":"155085852679d89898d1683c78e53e3681b2fb3c7d3e549ed9a57a55de991c62","last_revision":"2019-11-29T12:00:16Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T14:12:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:25.415859","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"إنترلوكين 1","ca":"Interleucina-1","cs":"Rodina interleukinu-1","en":"Interleukin-1 family","es":"Interleucina-1","eu":"Interleuzina 1","fa":"خانواده اینترلوکین ۱","fr":"Interleukine 1","gl":"Interleucina 1","hy":"Ինտերլեյկին 1","it":"Interleuchina 1","ja":"インターロイキン-1","pl":"Interleukina 1","pt":"Interleucina 1","ru":"Интерлейкин 1","sh":"Interleukin 1","sl":"Interlevkin-1","sr":"Интерлеукин 1","sv":"Interleukin 1","zh":"白介素-1族"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.250491","text":"Interleukin-1 (IL-1) juga dikenal sebagai leukocyte activating factor (LAF), B cell activating factor (BAF), mononuclear cell factor (MCF), leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), hemopoeitin-1 dan sejumlah nama lain. IL-1 adalah sebutan bagi beberapa polipeptida sitokin IL-1α, IL-1ß dan IL-1Ra, yang memainkan peran penting dalam regulasi sistem kekebalan dan respon peradangan.\n\nIL-1α dan IL-1ß masing-masing memiliki berkas genetik IL1A, dan IL1B, pada kromosom 2 deret yang sama yaitu 2q14, dan merupakan sitokin pleiotropik hasil sekresi monosit dan makrofag berupa prohormon, sebagai respon saat sel mengalami cedera, oleh karena itu menginduksi apoptosis. Beberapa pakar menganggap bahwa defisiensi genetik IL1A berperan dalam artritis reumatoid (RA) dan Alzheimer.\n\nIL-1ß merupakan sitokin yang diiris oleh ICE, dan berperan di dalam aktivitas seluler seperti proliferasi, diferensiasi dan apoptosis. Induksi COX-2 pada sitokin ini di dalam sistem saraf pusat ditemukan sebagai penyebab hipersensitivitas yang memberikan rasa sakit.\n\nInterleukin adalah faktor penyebab demam, mengontrol limfosit, meningkatkan sel sumsum tulang dan menyebabkan degenerasi pada persendian tulang. IL-1 segera menimbulkan demam pada saat mencapai hipotalamus dan meningkatkan temperatur tubuh dalam waktu 8-10 menit. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IL-1 menyebabkan demam pertama-tama dengan menginduksi pembentukan prostaglandin, terutama prostaglandin E2, kemudian zat ini selanjutnya bekerja dalam hipotalamus untuk membangkitkan reaksi demam. Peningkatan suhu tubuh ini membantu sistem imun tubuh untuk melawan infeksi. IL-1 juga penting dalam pengaturan hematopoiesis.\n\nInterleukin-1 sendiri terdiri dari dua protein yang berbeda yaitu IL-1α dan IL-1β yang keduanya termasuk interleukin-1 superfamili. Kebanyakan IL-1 yang ditemukan dalam sirkulasi adalah IL-1β.\n\nIL-1β merangsang sintesis dan sekresi aktivator plasminogen jaringan (tPA). Plasminogen merupakan substrat untuk enzim yang dapat disintesis oleh kondrosit dan mungkin masuk ke dalam sendi melalui difusi dari cairan sinovium. Selain efek kataboliknya, pada konsentrasi yang lebih rendah daripada yang diperlukan untuk merangsang degradasi tulang rawan, IL-1β menekan sintesis proteoglikan oleh kondrosit, menghambat perbaikan matriks sehingga sangat destruktif bagi tulang rawan. IL-1β juga dapat meningkatkan pengaturan ekspresi molekul adhesi pada endotel, sehingga memungkinkan peningkatan migrasi limfosit dan neutrofil menuju area inflamasi secara berlebihan.\n\nFagosit mononuklir memproduksi IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) yang homolog secara struktur dengan IL-1 dan berikatan pada reseptor yang sama tetapi tidak memiliki aktivitas biologis sehingga berperan sebagai inhibitor kompetitif terhadap IL-1. IL-1ra adalah regulator endogen dari aksi IL-1. IL-1ra dapat menghambat perkembangan erosi tulang dan disetujui untuk terapi pasien AR serta memiliki kecenderungan untuk berhasil.\n\nDalam mekanisme AR, IL-1β berperan sebagai faktor osteoklastogenik yang meningkatkan ekspresi RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) pada sel-sel stroma dan meningkatkan kemampuan survival dari osteoklas. Produksi RANKL mengaktifkan osteoklas yang berperan penting dalam resorpsi tulang pada penyakit artritis. RANKL merupakan ligan yang berikatan dengan reseptornya, yaitu RANK (receptor activator NF-κB) yang merupakan salah satu famili TNF-R (tumor necrosis factor receptor). Reseptor tersebut diekspresikan pada osteoklas dan beberapa makrofag serta sel dendritik.\n\nRANKL akan mengikat RANK sedangkan MCSF (macrophage colonys timulating factor) akan mengikat c-fms pada permukaan monosit dan menginduksi diferensiasi monosit menjadi osteoklas. Osteoklas yang matang akan mendegradasi tulang dan tulang rawan (resorpsi tulang) sehingga terjadi degradasi tulang. IL-1β menginduksi proliferasi sel-sel sinovial dan meningkatkan produksi matriks metalloproteinase (MMPs) oleh sel kondrosit dan sinovial, sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan kartilago serta menghambat perbaikan kartilago melalui penghambatan sintesis matriks protein.\n\nInteraksi antara IL-1β dengan TNF-α juga dapat menyebabkan aktivitas osteoklastik melalui jalur yang berbeda dari jalur RANKL.\n\nReseptor untuk IL-1β termasuk dalam superfamili reseptor imunoglobulin. Ikatan antara IL-1 dengan reseptor IL-1 tipe 1 (IL-1R) menyebabkan pembentukan protein adaptor yang disebut MyD88, dan aktivasi serin threonin kinase yang disebut IL-1 receptor asssociated kinase (IRAK). IRAK mengautofosforilasi dan berdisosiasi membentuk kompleks serta secara subsekuen mengikat TRAF-6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6). Komplek IRAK-TRAF-6 mengaktifkan NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) dan AP-1 (activation protein-1). NF-κB yang aktif akan menstimulasi diferensiasi dan aktifasi dari osteoklas serta memicu munculnya inflamasi.\n\nKategori:Hormon Kategori:Sitokin\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Interleukin-1 (IL-1) juga dikenal sebagai leukocyte activating factor (LAF), B cell activating factor (BAF), mononuclear cell factor (MCF), leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), hemopoeitin-1 dan sejumlah nama lain.","translated_text":"Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is also known as leukocyte activating factor (LAF), B cell activating factor (BAF), mononuclear cell factor (MCF), leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), hemopoeitin-1 and a number of other names.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Kresno SB, 1996, Imunologi: Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium, Jakarta: Fak. Kedokteran UI]","char_index":214,"name":"kresno","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1 adalah sebutan bagi beberapa polipeptida sitokin IL-1α, IL-1ß dan IL-1Ra, yang memainkan peran penting dalam regulasi sistem kekebalan dan respon peradangan.","translated_text":"IL-1 is a designation for several polypeptide cytokines IL-1α, IL-1ß and IL-1Ra, which play an important role in regulating the immune system and inflammatory response.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"IL-1α dan IL-1ß masing-masing memiliki berkas genetik IL1A, dan IL1B, pada kromosom 2 deret yang sama yaitu 2q14, dan merupakan sitokin pleiotropik hasil sekresi monosit dan makrofag berupa prohormon, sebagai respon saat sel mengalami cedera, oleh karena itu menginduksi apoptosis.","translated_text":"IL-1α and IL-1ß respectively have the genetic files IL1A, and IL1B, on chromosome 2 of the same sequence 2q14, and are pleiotropic cytokines resulting from the secretion of monocytes and macrophages in the form of prohormones, in response to injury, thus inducing apoptosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3552 | title = IL1A interleukin 1, alpha [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":59,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3552","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":278060,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:05.640188-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.328125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3553 | title = IL1B interleukin 1, beta [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3553","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":355172,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:09.012779-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74267578125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa pakar menganggap bahwa defisiensi genetik IL1A berperan dalam artritis reumatoid (RA) dan Alzheimer.","translated_text":"Some experts suggest that IL1A genetic deficiencies play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Alzheimer's.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"IL-1ß merupakan sitokin yang diiris oleh ICE, dan berperan di dalam aktivitas seluler seperti proliferasi, diferensiasi dan apoptosis.","translated_text":"IL-1ß is an ICE-sliced cytokine, and plays a role in cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Induksi COX-2 pada sitokin ini di dalam sistem saraf pusat ditemukan sebagai penyebab hipersensitivitas yang memberikan rasa sakit.","translated_text":"The induction of COX-2 into this cytokine in the central nervous system was found to be a cause of pain-inducing hypersensitivity.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Interleukin adalah faktor penyebab demam, mengontrol limfosit, meningkatkan sel sumsum tulang dan menyebabkan degenerasi pada persendian tulang.","translated_text":"Interleukin is a fever-causing factor, controlling lymphocytes, increasing bone marrow cells and causing degeneration in bone marrow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1 segera menimbulkan demam pada saat mencapai hipotalamus dan meningkatkan temperatur tubuh dalam waktu 8-10 menit.","translated_text":"IL-1 immediately causes a fever when it reaches the hypothalamus and increases body temperature within 8-10 minutes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IL-1 menyebabkan demam pertama-tama dengan menginduksi pembentukan prostaglandin, terutama prostaglandin E2, kemudian zat ini selanjutnya bekerja dalam hipotalamus untuk membangkitkan reaksi demam.","translated_text":"Some studies show that IL-1 causes fever first by inducing the formation of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandins E2, then the substance subsequently works in the hypothalamus to trigger a fever reaction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Guyton AC, Hall JE, 2000, Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran, Edisi 9, Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC]","char_index":235,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peningkatan suhu tubuh ini membantu sistem imun tubuh untuk melawan infeksi.","translated_text":"This increase in body temperature helps the body's immune system fight infections.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1 juga penting dalam pengaturan hematopoiesis.","translated_text":"IL-1 is also important in the regulation of hematopoiesis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Woodley MD, Wheelan L, 1995, Pedoman Pengobatan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Essentia Medika & Penerbit Andi Offset]","char_index":49,"name":"wood","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Interleukin-1 sendiri terdiri dari dua protein yang berbeda yaitu IL-1α dan IL-1β yang keduanya termasuk interleukin-1 superfamili.","translated_text":"Interleukin-1 itself consists of two different proteins namely IL-1α and IL-1β which both belong to the interleukin-1 superfamily.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Woodley MD, Wheelan L, 1995, Pedoman Pengobatan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Essentia Medika & Penerbit Andi Offset]","char_index":131,"name":"wood","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kebanyakan IL-1 yang ditemukan dalam sirkulasi adalah IL-1β.","translated_text":"Most IL-1s found in the circulation are IL-1β.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]","char_index":60,"name":"abbas","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"IL-1β dan AR","translated_text":"IL-1β and AR","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"IL-1β merangsang sintesis dan sekresi aktivator plasminogen jaringan (tPA).","translated_text":"IL-1β stimulates the synthesis and secretion of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Plasminogen merupakan substrat untuk enzim yang dapat disintesis oleh kondrosit dan mungkin masuk ke dalam sendi melalui difusi dari cairan sinovium.","translated_text":"Plasminogens are substrates for enzymes that can be synthesized by chondrosites and may enter the joint through diffusion from synovial fluid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain efek kataboliknya, pada konsentrasi yang lebih rendah daripada yang diperlukan untuk merangsang degradasi tulang rawan, IL-1β menekan sintesis proteoglikan oleh kondrosit, menghambat perbaikan matriks sehingga sangat destruktif bagi tulang rawan.","translated_text":"In addition to its catabolic effect, at concentrations lower than necessary to stimulate cartilage degradation, IL-1β suppresses proteoglycan synthesis by chondrosite, inhibiting matrix repair and thus highly destructive to cartilage.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1β juga dapat meningkatkan pengaturan ekspresi molekul adhesi pada endotel, sehingga memungkinkan peningkatan migrasi limfosit dan neutrofil menuju area inflamasi secara berlebihan.","translated_text":"IL-1β can also enhance the regulation of adhesion molecule expression in the endothelium, thereby enabling increased migration of lymphocytes and neutrophils to areas of excess inflammation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Kresno SB, 1996, Imunologi: Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium, Jakarta: Fak. Kedokteran UI]","char_index":184,"name":"kresno","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fagosit mononuklir memproduksi IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) yang homolog secara struktur dengan IL-1 dan berikatan pada reseptor yang sama tetapi tidak memiliki aktivitas biologis sehingga berperan sebagai inhibitor kompetitif terhadap IL-1.","translated_text":"Mononuclear phagocytes produce IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1ra) that are structurally homologous to IL-1 and bind to the same receptor but have no biological activity and thus act as competitive inhibitors of IL-1.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1ra adalah regulator endogen dari aksi IL-1.","translated_text":"IL-1ra is an endogenous regulator of IL-1 action.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1ra dapat menghambat perkembangan erosi tulang dan disetujui untuk terapi pasien AR serta memiliki kecenderungan untuk berhasil.","translated_text":"IL-1ra may inhibit the development of bone erosion and is approved for the treatment of AR patients and has a tendency to be successful.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]","char_index":131,"name":"abbas","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Davidson A, Diamond B | title = Autoimmune diseases | journal = N Engl J Med. | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | pages = 340-50 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11484692}}]","char_index":131,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam mekanisme AR, IL-1β berperan sebagai faktor osteoklastogenik yang meningkatkan ekspresi RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) pada sel-sel stroma dan meningkatkan kemampuan survival dari osteoklas.","translated_text":"In the AR mechanism, IL-1β acts as an osteoclastogenic factor that increases the expression of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand) in stroma cells and improves the survival ability of the osteoclasm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Produksi RANKL mengaktifkan osteoklas yang berperan penting dalam resorpsi tulang pada penyakit artritis.","translated_text":"The production of RANKL activates osteoclasts which play an important role in bone resorption in arthritis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"RANKL merupakan ligan yang berikatan dengan reseptornya, yaitu RANK (receptor activator NF-κB) yang merupakan salah satu famili TNF-R (tumor necrosis factor receptor).","translated_text":"RANKL is a ligand that binds to its receptor, RANK (NF-κB receptor activator) which is one of the TNF-R (tumor necrosis factor receptor) families.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reseptor tersebut diekspresikan pada osteoklas dan beberapa makrofag serta sel dendritik.","translated_text":"These receptors are expressed in osteoclasts and some macrophages as well as dendritic cells.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]","char_index":89,"name":"abbas","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"RANKL akan mengikat RANK sedangkan MCSF (macrophage colonys timulating factor) akan mengikat c-fms pada permukaan monosit dan menginduksi diferensiasi monosit menjadi osteoklas.","translated_text":"The RANKL binds the RANK while the MCSF (macrophage colonys timulating factor) binds the c-fms to the surface of the monocyte and induces monocyte differentiation into the osteoclasm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Osteoklas yang matang akan mendegradasi tulang dan tulang rawan (resorpsi tulang) sehingga terjadi degradasi tulang.","translated_text":"Mature osteoclasses will degrade bone and cartilage (bone resorption) leading to bone degradation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IL-1β menginduksi proliferasi sel-sel sinovial dan meningkatkan produksi matriks metalloproteinase (MMPs) oleh sel kondrosit dan sinovial, sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan kartilago serta menghambat perbaikan kartilago melalui penghambatan sintesis matriks protein.","translated_text":"IL-1β induces proliferation of synovial cells and increases the production of metalloproteinase matrices (MMPs) by chondrositic and synovial cells, causing cartilage damage as well as inhibiting cartilage repair through the inhibition of protein matrix synthesis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Ikawati Z, 2007, Rheumatoid Arthritis Mekanisme Molekuler Penyakit Dan Pengembangan Obatnya, Yogyakarta: Disampaikan dalam Temu Ilmiah Nasional II Bidang Farmakologi dan Farmasi Klinik Fakultas Farmasi UGM]","char_index":263,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Interaksi antara IL-1β dengan TNF-α juga dapat menyebabkan aktivitas osteoklastik melalui jalur yang berbeda dari jalur RANKL.","translated_text":"The interaction between IL-1β and TNF-α can also lead to osteoclastic activity via pathways different from the RANKL pathway.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Miyaura C | title = The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis: ODF/RANKL-dependent and independent pathways | journal = Arthritis Res. | volume = 3 | issue = Supll A | pages = L024 | year = 2001 | pmc = 3273194 | doi = 10.1186/ar168 }}]","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Reseptor untuk IL-1β termasuk dalam superfamili reseptor imunoglobulin.","translated_text":"The receptor for IL-1β belongs to the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ikatan antara IL-1 dengan reseptor IL-1 tipe 1 (IL-1R) menyebabkan pembentukan protein adaptor yang disebut MyD88, dan aktivasi serin threonin kinase yang disebut IL-1 receptor asssociated kinase (IRAK).","translated_text":"The binding between IL-1 and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R) leads to the formation of an adaptor protein called MyD88, and the activation of a serine threonine kinase called IL-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"IRAK mengautofosforilasi dan berdisosiasi membentuk kompleks serta secara subsekuen mengikat TRAF-6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6).","translated_text":"IRAK autophosphorylates and dissociates to form complexes and subsequently binds to TRAF-6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Komplek IRAK-TRAF-6 mengaktifkan NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) dan AP-1 (activation protein-1).","translated_text":"The IRAK-TRAF-6 complex activates NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and AP-1 (activation protein-1).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"NF","translated_text":"NF","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-κB yang aktif akan menstimulasi diferensiasi dan aktifasi dari osteoklas serta memicu munculnya inflamasi.","translated_text":"-κB active stimulates the differentiation and activation of the osteoclast and triggers inflammation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Udagawa N, Kotake S, Katamani N, Takahashi N, Suda T | title = The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis | journal = Arthritis Res. | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = 281-9 | year = 2002 | pmc = 128939 | pmid = 12223101}}]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Tak PP, Firestein GS | title = NF-kappaB: a key role in inflammatory diseases | journal = J Clin Invest. | volume = 107 | issue = 1 | pages = 7-11 | year = 2001 | pmc = 198552 | pmid = 11134171}}]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Hormon Kategori:Sitokin","translated_text":"Category:Hormones and their effects on the body","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Interleukin-1 (IL-1) juga dikenal sebagai leukocyte activating factor (LAF), B cell activating factor (BAF), mononuclear cell factor (MCF), leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), hemopoeitin-1 dan sejumlah nama lain.","translated_text":"Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is also known as leukocyte activating factor (LAF), B cell activating factor (BAF), mononuclear cell factor (MCF), leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), hemopoeitin-1 and a number of other names.","citations":[{"content":"[Kresno SB, 1996, Imunologi: Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium, Jakarta: Fak. Kedokteran UI]","char_index":214,"name":"kresno","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"IL-1α dan IL-1ß masing-masing memiliki berkas genetik IL1A, dan IL1B, pada kromosom 2 deret yang sama yaitu 2q14, dan merupakan sitokin pleiotropik hasil sekresi monosit dan makrofag berupa prohormon, sebagai respon saat sel mengalami cedera, oleh karena itu menginduksi apoptosis.","translated_text":"IL-1α and IL-1ß respectively have the genetic files IL1A, and IL1B, on chromosome 2 of the same sequence 2q14, and are pleiotropic cytokines resulting from the secretion of monocytes and macrophages in the form of prohormones, in response to injury, thus inducing apoptosis.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3552 | title = IL1A interleukin 1, alpha [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":59,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3552","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":278060,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:05.640188-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.328125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3553 | title = IL1B interleukin 1, beta [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-25 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":69,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3553","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":355172,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:09.012779-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74267578125}]},{"text":"Interleukin adalah faktor penyebab demam, mengontrol limfosit, meningkatkan sel sumsum tulang dan menyebabkan degenerasi pada persendian tulang. IL-1 segera menimbulkan demam pada saat mencapai hipotalamus dan meningkatkan temperatur tubuh dalam waktu 8-10 menit. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IL-1 menyebabkan demam pertama-tama dengan menginduksi pembentukan prostaglandin, terutama prostaglandin E2, kemudian zat ini selanjutnya bekerja dalam hipotalamus untuk membangkitkan reaksi demam.","translated_text":"Interleukin is a fever-causing factor, controlling lymphocytes, increasing bone marrow cells and causing degeneration in bone marrow. IL-1 immediately causes a fever when it reaches the hypothalamus and increases body temperature within 8-10 minutes. Some studies show that IL-1 causes fever first by inducing the formation of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandins E2, then the substance subsequently works in the hypothalamus to trigger a fever reaction.","citations":[{"content":"[Guyton AC, Hall JE, 2000, Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran, Edisi 9, Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC]","char_index":499,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IL-1 menyebabkan demam pertama-tama dengan menginduksi pembentukan prostaglandin, terutama prostaglandin E2, kemudian zat ini selanjutnya bekerja dalam hipotalamus untuk membangkitkan reaksi demam. Peningkatan suhu tubuh ini membantu sistem imun tubuh untuk melawan infeksi. IL-1 juga penting dalam pengaturan hematopoiesis.","translated_text":"Some studies show that IL-1 causes fever first by inducing the formation of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandins E2, then the substance subsequently works in the hypothalamus to trigger a fever reaction. This increase in body temperature helps the body's immune system fight infections. IL-1 is also important in the regulation of hematopoiesis.","citations":[{"content":"[Woodley MD, Wheelan L, 1995, Pedoman Pengobatan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Essentia Medika & Penerbit Andi Offset]","char_index":362,"name":"wood","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Interleukin-1 sendiri terdiri dari dua protein yang berbeda yaitu IL-1α dan IL-1β yang keduanya termasuk interleukin-1 superfamili.","translated_text":"Interleukin-1 itself consists of two different proteins namely IL-1α and IL-1β which both belong to the interleukin-1 superfamily.","citations":[{"content":"[Woodley MD, Wheelan L, 1995, Pedoman Pengobatan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Essentia Medika & Penerbit Andi Offset]","char_index":131,"name":"wood","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Interleukin-1 sendiri terdiri dari dua protein yang berbeda yaitu IL-1α dan IL-1β yang keduanya termasuk interleukin-1 superfamili. Kebanyakan IL-1 yang ditemukan dalam sirkulasi adalah IL-1β.","translated_text":"Interleukin-1 itself consists of two different proteins namely IL-1α and IL-1β which both belong to the interleukin-1 superfamily. Most IL-1s found in the circulation are IL-1β.","citations":[{"content":"[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]","char_index":192,"name":"abbas","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Plasminogen merupakan substrat untuk enzim yang dapat disintesis oleh kondrosit dan mungkin masuk ke dalam sendi melalui difusi dari cairan sinovium. Selain efek kataboliknya, pada konsentrasi yang lebih rendah daripada yang diperlukan untuk merangsang degradasi tulang rawan, IL-1β menekan sintesis proteoglikan oleh kondrosit, menghambat perbaikan matriks sehingga sangat destruktif bagi tulang rawan. IL-1β juga dapat meningkatkan pengaturan ekspresi molekul adhesi pada endotel, sehingga memungkinkan peningkatan migrasi limfosit dan neutrofil menuju area inflamasi secara berlebihan.","translated_text":"Plasminogens are substrates for enzymes that can be synthesized by chondrosites and may enter the joint through diffusion from synovial fluid. In addition to its catabolic effect, at concentrations lower than necessary to stimulate cartilage degradation, IL-1β suppresses proteoglycan synthesis by chondrosite, inhibiting matrix repair and thus highly destructive to cartilage. IL-1β can also enhance the regulation of adhesion molecule expression in the endothelium, thereby enabling increased migration of lymphocytes and neutrophils to areas of excess inflammation.","citations":[{"content":"[Kresno SB, 1996, Imunologi: Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium, Jakarta: Fak. Kedokteran UI]","char_index":588,"name":"kresno","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fagosit mononuklir memproduksi IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) yang homolog secara struktur dengan IL-1 dan berikatan pada reseptor yang sama tetapi tidak memiliki aktivitas biologis sehingga berperan sebagai inhibitor kompetitif terhadap IL-1. IL-1ra adalah regulator endogen dari aksi IL-1. IL-1ra dapat menghambat perkembangan erosi tulang dan disetujui untuk terapi pasien AR serta memiliki kecenderungan untuk berhasil.","translated_text":"Mononuclear phagocytes produce IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1ra) that are structurally homologous to IL-1 and bind to the same receptor but have no biological activity and thus act as competitive inhibitors of IL-1. IL-1ra is an endogenous regulator of IL-1 action. IL-1ra may inhibit the development of bone erosion and is approved for the treatment of AR patients and has a tendency to be successful.","citations":[{"content":"[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]","char_index":426,"name":"abbas","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Davidson A, Diamond B | title = Autoimmune diseases | journal = N Engl J Med. | volume = 345 | issue = 5 | pages = 340-50 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11484692}}]","char_index":426,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Produksi RANKL mengaktifkan osteoklas yang berperan penting dalam resorpsi tulang pada penyakit artritis. RANKL merupakan ligan yang berikatan dengan reseptornya, yaitu RANK (receptor activator NF-κB) yang merupakan salah satu famili TNF-R (tumor necrosis factor receptor). Reseptor tersebut diekspresikan pada osteoklas dan beberapa makrofag serta sel dendritik.","translated_text":"The production of RANKL activates osteoclasts which play an important role in bone resorption in arthritis. RANKL is a ligand that binds to its receptor, RANK (NF-κB receptor activator) which is one of the TNF-R (tumor necrosis factor receptor) families. These receptors are expressed in osteoclasts and some macrophages as well as dendritic cells.","citations":[{"content":"[Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, 2005, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders:253-254]","char_index":363,"name":"abbas","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"RANKL akan mengikat RANK sedangkan MCSF (macrophage colonys timulating factor) akan mengikat c-fms pada permukaan monosit dan menginduksi diferensiasi monosit menjadi osteoklas. Osteoklas yang matang akan mendegradasi tulang dan tulang rawan (resorpsi tulang) sehingga terjadi degradasi tulang. IL-1β menginduksi proliferasi sel-sel sinovial dan meningkatkan produksi matriks metalloproteinase (MMPs) oleh sel kondrosit dan sinovial, sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan kartilago serta menghambat perbaikan kartilago melalui penghambatan sintesis matriks protein.","translated_text":"The RANKL binds the RANK while the MCSF (macrophage colonys timulating factor) binds the c-fms to the surface of the monocyte and induces monocyte differentiation into the osteoclasm. Mature osteoclasses will degrade bone and cartilage (bone resorption) leading to bone degradation. IL-1β induces proliferation of synovial cells and increases the production of metalloproteinase matrices (MMPs) by chondrositic and synovial cells, causing cartilage damage as well as inhibiting cartilage repair through the inhibition of protein matrix synthesis.","citations":[{"content":"[Ikawati Z, 2007, Rheumatoid Arthritis Mekanisme Molekuler Penyakit Dan Pengembangan Obatnya, Yogyakarta: Disampaikan dalam Temu Ilmiah Nasional II Bidang Farmakologi dan Farmasi Klinik Fakultas Farmasi UGM]","char_index":558,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Interaksi antara IL-1β dengan TNF-α juga dapat menyebabkan aktivitas osteoklastik melalui jalur yang berbeda dari jalur RANKL.","translated_text":"The interaction between IL-1β and TNF-α can also lead to osteoclastic activity via pathways different from the RANKL pathway.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Miyaura C | title = The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis: ODF/RANKL-dependent and independent pathways | journal = Arthritis Res. | volume = 3 | issue = Supll A | pages = L024 | year = 2001 | pmc = 3273194 | doi = 10.1186/ar168 }}]","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Komplek IRAK-TRAF-6 mengaktifkan NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) dan AP-1 (activation protein-1). NF -κB yang aktif akan menstimulasi diferensiasi dan aktifasi dari osteoklas serta memicu munculnya inflamasi.","translated_text":"The IRAK-TRAF-6 complex activates NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and AP-1 (activation protein-1). NF -κB active stimulates the differentiation and activation of the osteoclast and triggers inflammation.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Udagawa N, Kotake S, Katamani N, Takahashi N, Suda T | title = The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis | journal = Arthritis Res. | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | pages = 281-9 | year = 2002 | pmc = 128939 | pmid = 12223101}}]","char_index":202,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite journal | vauthors = Tak PP, Firestein GS | title = NF-kappaB: a key role in inflammatory diseases | journal = J Clin Invest. | volume = 107 | issue = 1 | pages = 7-11 | year = 2001 | pmc = 198552 | pmid = 11134171}}]","char_index":202,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Kucica kampung","wikicode":"{{Taxobox\n| name = Burung Kucica Kampung\n| status = LC \n| status_system = IUCN3.1\n| status_ref = [{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=51777|title=Copsychus saularis|downloaded=12 May 2006}}]\n| image = Copsychus saularis -Malaysia-8-2c.jpg\n| image_caption = Burung jantan di [[Malaysia]]\n| regnum = [[Animalia]]\n| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]\n| classis = [[Burung|Aves]]\n| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]\n| familia = [[Muscicapidae]]\n| genus = '' [[Copsychus]] ''\n| species = '''''C. saularis'''''\n| binomial = ''Copsychus saularis''\n| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)\n}}\n\n'''Kucica kampung''' ({{lang-la|Copsychus saularis}}) adalah [[burung]] [[pengicau]] kecil yang sebelumnya dikelompokkan sebagai anggota keluarga [[Turdidae]] ([[murai]]), tetapi kini dianggap sebaagi anggota [[Muscicapidae]]. Burung ini berwarna hitam dan putih dengan ekor yang panjang. Ekornya terangkat ke atas jika mereka sedang mencari makanan di tanah atau kadang ketika sedang bertengger. Burung ini banyak ditemukan di daerah [[Asia Selatan]] dan [[Asia tenggara]]. Di Indonesia burung ini mulai langka karena penangkapan yang berlebihan untuk dipelihara.\n\nNama Lain dari Kucica Kampung adalah '''kacer''', Burung ini suka menjelajah di berbagai lingkungan yang kecepatan terbangnya bisa mengungguli kerabatnya [[murai batu]]. bahkan dari burung berbulu hitam,berekor panjang seperti lidi. Burung kacer banyak mendiami dataran rendah sampai ketinggian 1000 meter di atas permukaan laut. Bahkan tidak jarang ada yang terlihat di perumahan penduduk.\n\nDi [[Jawa tengah]] dan [[Jawa timur]], burung bertubuh gempal ini di kenal dengan sebutan srintil. Di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya Kapuas Hulu, burung itu dinamai: burung tinjaw. Burung kacer terbilang sangat aktif mencari makan. Mulai dari [[pohon kelapa]], randu, pisang atau ranting pohon kering burung ini terlihat sendiri akan tetapi akan selalu bersama pasanganya pada saat [[musim kawin]].\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n{{commonscat|Copsychus saularis}}\n\n* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/oriental-magpie-robin-copsychus-saularis Foto dan video] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527044246/http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/oriental-magpie-robin-copsychus-saularis |date=2010-05-27 }}\n\n{{Murai}}\n\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q266761}}\n\n[[Kategori:Copsychus]]\n[[Kategori:Lambang nasional Bangladesh]]\n[[Kategori:Burung Bangladesh]]\n[[Kategori:Burung Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Hewan perkotaan]]\n\n\n{{burung-stub}}","hash":"623cba9191a357db32242c625a817c32bea96b489a31964a0d75aaaeeddf9baf","last_revision":"2023-09-13T16:41:05Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T14:28:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.148475","cross_lingual_links":{"ace":"Cicém pala paki","ar":"عقعق شرقي أبو الحناء","arz":"عقعق شرقى ابو الحناء","as":"দহিকতৰা","ast":"Copsychus saularis","ban":"Becica","bg":"Copsychus saularis","bn":"দোয়েল","br":"Copsychus saularis","ca":"Shama oriental","cdo":"Céng-nēu","ceb":"Copsychus saularis","cs":"Šáma stračí","cy":"Robin frith","de":"Dajalschama","en":"Oriental magpie-robin","eo":"Orienta pigonajtingalo","es":"Copsychus saularis","eu":"Copsychus saularis","fa":"سینهسرخ پیسه خاوری","fr":"Shama dayal","gu":"દૈયડ","hi":"दहियर पक्षी","hu":"Dayal-rigó","ja":"シキチョウ","jv":"Kacer","kn":"ಮಡಿವಾಳ (ಹಕ್ಕಿ)","ko":"까치딱새","ml":"മണ്ണാത്തിപ്പുള്ള്","mr":"दयाळ (पक्षी)","ms":"Burung Murai Kampung","my":"သပိတ်လွယ်ဗိုက်ဖြူ","ne":"धोबिनी चरा","nl":"Dayallijster","nv":"Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ dǫ́ʼiiyiyiitsahí łizhin dóó łigaaígíí","or":"ଦହିଆଳ ପକ୍ଷୀ","pa":"ਧਿਆਲ ਚਿੜੀ","pl":"Sroczek zmienny","pnb":"اورینٹل میگپائی روبن","ru":"Сорочий шама-дрозд","sat":"ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱩᱲᱤᱡ","si":"පොල්කිච්චා","simple":"Oriental magpie-robin","su":"Kucica","sv":"Orientshama","ta":"வண்ணாத்திக்குருவி","tcy":"ಬೊಲ್ಲರ ಮಾನಿಗ","th":"นกกางเขน","uk":"Шама індійська","vi":"Chích chòe than","war":"Copsychus saularis","zh":"鵲鴝"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"Kucica kampung () adalah burung pengicau kecil yang sebelumnya dikelompokkan sebagai anggota keluarga Turdidae (murai), tetapi kini dianggap sebaagi anggota Muscicapidae. Burung ini berwarna hitam dan putih dengan ekor yang panjang. Ekornya terangkat ke atas jika mereka sedang mencari makanan di tanah atau kadang ketika sedang bertengger. Burung ini banyak ditemukan di daerah Asia Selatan dan Asia tenggara. Di Indonesia burung ini mulai langka karena penangkapan yang berlebihan untuk dipelihara.\n\nNama Lain dari Kucica Kampung adalah kacer, Burung ini suka menjelajah di berbagai lingkungan yang kecepatan terbangnya bisa mengungguli kerabatnya murai batu. bahkan dari burung berbulu hitam,berekor panjang seperti lidi. Burung kacer banyak mendiami dataran rendah sampai ketinggian 1000 meter di atas permukaan laut. Bahkan tidak jarang ada yang terlihat di perumahan penduduk.\n\nDi Jawa tengah dan Jawa timur, burung bertubuh gempal ini di kenal dengan sebutan srintil. Di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya Kapuas Hulu, burung itu dinamai: burung tinjaw. Burung kacer terbilang sangat aktif mencari makan. Mulai dari pohon kelapa, randu, pisang atau ranting pohon kering burung ini terlihat sendiri akan tetapi akan selalu bersama pasanganya pada saat musim kawin.\n\nFoto dan video\n\nKategori:Copsychus Kategori:Lambang nasional Bangladesh Kategori:Burung Bangladesh Kategori:Burung Indonesia Kategori:Hewan perkotaan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kucica kampung () adalah burung pengicau kecil yang sebelumnya dikelompokkan sebagai anggota keluarga Turdidae (murai), tetapi kini dianggap sebaagi anggota Muscicapidae.","translated_text":"The village cuckoo is a small bird of prey that was formerly classified as a member of the family Turdidae (murai), but is now considered to be part of the Muscicapidae.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Burung ini berwarna hitam dan putih dengan ekor yang panjang.","translated_text":"These birds are black and white with long tails.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ekornya terangkat ke atas jika mereka sedang mencari makanan di tanah atau kadang ketika sedang bertengger.","translated_text":"Their tails are raised if they are looking for food on the ground or sometimes when they are struggling.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Burung ini banyak ditemukan di daerah Asia Selatan dan Asia tenggara.","translated_text":"This bird is found widely in South and Southeast Asia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Indonesia burung ini mulai langka karena penangkapan yang berlebihan untuk dipelihara.","translated_text":"In Indonesia this bird is becoming rare due to over-catching to conservation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama Lain dari Kucica Kampung adalah kacer, Burung ini suka menjelajah di berbagai lingkungan yang kecepatan terbangnya bisa mengungguli kerabatnya murai batu. bahkan dari burung berbulu hitam,berekor panjang seperti lidi.","translated_text":"Another name of the village caterpillar is the caterpillar, which loves to wander through a variety of environments where its flight speed can surpass that of its rocky relatives, even the black-haired, long-tailed lizard.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Burung kacer banyak mendiami dataran rendah sampai ketinggian 1000 meter di atas permukaan laut.","translated_text":"Cucumbers are widespread in the lowlands up to an altitude of 1,000 feet [1,000 m] above sea level.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahkan tidak jarang ada yang terlihat di perumahan penduduk.","translated_text":"In fact, it's not uncommon to see them in residential properties.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Jawa tengah dan Jawa timur, burung bertubuh gempal ini di kenal dengan sebutan srintil.","translated_text":"In central and eastern Java, this spiny-bodied bird is known as a srintil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya Kapuas Hulu, burung itu dinamai: burung tinjaw.","translated_text":"In West Kalimantan, specifically the Upper Cape, the bird is named: the tinjaw bird.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Burung kacer terbilang sangat aktif mencari makan.","translated_text":"Birds of prey are said to be very active in their search for food.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mulai dari pohon kelapa, randu, pisang atau ranting pohon kering burung ini terlihat sendiri akan tetapi akan selalu bersama pasanganya pada saat musim kawin.","translated_text":"Starting from coconut trees, shrubs, bananas or dried tree branches this bird appears alone but will always be with its mate during mating season.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Foto dan video","translated_text":"Photos and videos","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527044246/http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/oriental-magpie-robin-copsychus-saularis |date=2010-05-27 }}","char_index":14,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100527044246/http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/oriental-magpie-robin-copsychus-saularis","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:14.612314-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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+{"title":"Templat:Afganistan-geo-stub","wikicode":"{{asbox\n|name = Templat:Afganistan-stub\n|image = Map of Afghanistan with flag.svg\n|subject = geografi atau tempat [[{{{1|Afganistan}}}]]\n|qualifier = \n|category = Rintisan bertopik {{{1|Afganistan}}}\n|tempsort = {{PAGENAME}}\n}}\n[[Kategori:Templat rintisan menurut wilayah|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Templat rintisan Afganistan]]\n{{Dokumentasi}}","hash":"a9d45e59f69f610e26f4372237986897ab59b5df7b6a703ec75d8cc49590f1f3","last_revision":"2024-01-01T16:07:32Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T04:46:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.209990","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:بذرة جغرافيا أفغانستان","bn":"টেমপ্লেট:আফগানিস্তান-ভূগোল-অসম্পূর্ণ","da":"Skabelon:AF-geostub","el":"Πρότυπο:Αφγανιστάν γεωγραφία-επέκταση","en":"Template:Afghanistan-geo-stub","fa":"الگو:جغرافیای افغانستان-خرد","ilo":"Plantilia:Apganistan-heograpia-pungol","ka":"თარგი:ესკიზი-ავღანეთი","lb":"Schabloun:SkizzGeoAFG","ml":"ഫലകം:Afghanistan-geo-stub","pt":"Predefinição:Esboço-Afeganistão-geo","ro":"Format:Ciot-geo-Afganistan","ru":"Шаблон:Afghanistan-geo-stub","sq":"Stampa:AF-gjeo-cung","tg":"Шаблон:Афғонистон-ҷуғ-нопурра","tr":"Şablon:Afganistan-coğ-taslak","uk":"Шаблон:Afghanistan-geo-stub","ur":"سانچہ:افغانستان-جغرافیہ-نامکمل","uz":"Andoza:Afghanistan-geo-stub","vi":"Bản mẫu:Sơ khai địa lý Afghanistan","zh":"Template:Afghanistan-geo-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"{{PAGENAME}} Kategori:Templat rintisan Afganistan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{PAGENAME}} Kategori:Templat rintisan Afganistan","translated_text":"See also Category:Afghanistan stamps","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Templat:Makau-geo-stub","wikicode":"{{Negara-geo-stub|Makau|kat=tidak|negara=yes}}\n{{Dokumentasi}}","hash":"5f851dded93132c02b28e0204c7249612bfda5e2d1b8ab28dd205081e50052b2","last_revision":"2020-09-15T16:09:29Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T04:47:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.446187","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Template:Macau-geo-stub","uk":"Шаблон:Macau-geo-stub","vi":"Bản mẫu:Sơ khai địa lý Ma Cao","zh-yue":"Template:Macau-geo-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:India-geo-stub","wikicode":"{{Negara-geo-stub|India|kat=tidak|negara=yes}}\n{{Dokumentasi}}","hash":"2469420a729f644623026e8b9283f91881b8e77e6475efbeadff4075b6ebdd1d","last_revision":"2020-09-15T14:59:40Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T04:47:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.501171","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:بذرة جغرافيا الهند","bh":"टेम्पलेट:भारत-भू-आधार","ce":"Кеп:India-geo-stub","da":"Skabelon:IN-geostub","el":"Πρότυπο:Ινδίας γεωγραφία-επέκταση","en":"Template:India-geo-stub","ga":"Teimpléad:Síol-tír-india","hi":"साँचा:भारत-भू-आधार","hif":"Template:India-jagha-stub","jv":"Cithakan:India-geo-stub","lv":"Veidne:Indija-aizmetnis","mai":"आकृति:भारत-भूगोल-आधार","ml":"ഫലകം:India-geo-stub","ms":"Templat:Tunas-geo-India","pa":"ਫਰਮਾ:India-geo-stub","pt":"Predefinição:Esboço-geoin","ro":"Format:Ciot-geo-India","ru":"Шаблон:India-geo-stub","sd":"سانچو:ڀارت-جاگرافي-اڻپورو","si":"සැකිල්ල:India-geo-stub","sl":"Predloga:Škrbina-geo-in","sq":"Stampa:IN-gjeo-cung","sw":"Kigezo:Mbegu-jio-Uhindi","tg":"Шаблон:Ҳиндустон-ҷуғ-нопурра","th":"แม่แบบ:โครงภูมิศาสตร์อินเดีย","tr":"Şablon:Hindistan-coğrafya-taslak","uk":"Шаблон:India-geo-stub","ur":"سانچہ:بھارت-جغرافیہ-نامکمل","vi":"Bản mẫu:Sơ khai địa lý Ấn Độ","zh":"Template:India-geo-stub","zh-min-nan":"Pang-bô͘:India-geo-stub","zh-yue":"Template:India-geo-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Kuwait-geo-stub","wikicode":"{{Negara-geo-stub|Kuwait|kat=tidak|negara=yes}}\n{{Dokumentasi}}","hash":"693f10829a93760ff78e2d329bdd933ac0181d1d68db63d6e8fdfc939af471a7","last_revision":"2020-09-15T15:24:51Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T04:53:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.558118","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:بذرة جغرافيا الكويت","en":"Template:Kuwait-geo-stub","fa":"الگو:جغرافیای کویت-خرد","ilo":"Plantilia:Kuwait-heograpia-pungol","ru":"Шаблон:Kuwait-geo-stub","tr":"Şablon:Kuveyt-coğ-taslak","uk":"Шаблон:Kuwait-geo-stub","ur":"سانچہ:کویت-جغرافیہ-نامکمل","vi":"Bản mẫu:Sơ khai địa lý Kuwait"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Mongolia-geo-stub","wikicode":"{{Negara-geo-stub|Mongolia|kat=tidak|negara=yes}}\n{{Dokumentasi}}","hash":"7cf65c3d9166ca152a6b889d48e4b931cbe7eabf562bd3593944322aa932a737","last_revision":"2020-09-16T02:43:41Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T04:53:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.615525","cross_lingual_links":{"cv":"Шаблон:Mongolia-geo-stub","da":"Skabelon:MN-geostub","en":"Template:Mongolia-geo-stub","fa":"الگو:جغرافیای مغولستان-خرد","ilo":"Plantilia:Mongolia-heograpia-pungol","mk":"Предлошка:Монголија-гео-никулец","ml":"ഫലകം:Mongolia-geo-stub","mn":"Загвар:Mongolia-geo-stub","pt":"Predefinição:Esboço-geomn","ru":"Шаблон:Mongolia-geo-stub","sk":"Šablóna:Mongolský výhonok","tg":"Шаблон:Муғулистон-ҷуғ-нопурра","tr":"Şablon:Moğolistan-coğ-taslak","uk":"Шаблон:Mongolia-geo-stub","ur":"سانچہ:منگولیا-جغرافیہ-نامکمل","vi":"Bản mẫu:Sơ khai địa lý Mông Cổ","zh":"Template:Mongolia-geo-stub","zh-min-nan":"Pang-bô͘:Mongolia-geo-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Myanmar-geo-stub","wikicode":"{{Negara-geo-stub|Myanmar|kat=tidak|negara=yes}}\n{{Dokumentasi}}","hash":"e378a2bd5d4ee1ba8ffbc2b00e7db59803a358c7729885e8c2a4a9f6cc717af8","last_revision":"2020-09-15T16:14:59Z","first_revision":"2009-08-31T04:48:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:27.676238","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:بذرة جغرافيا ميانمار","blk":"တမ်းပလေက်:Myanmar-geo-stub","en":"Template:Myanmar-geo-stub","fa":"الگو:جغرافیای میانمار-خرد","ilo":"Plantilia:Myanmar-heograpia-pungol","ml":"ഫലകം:Burma-geo-stub","my":"တမ်းပလိတ်:Myanmar-geo-stub","pt":"Predefinição:Esboço-geomm","ru":"Шаблон:Myanmar-geo-stub","shn":"ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Myanmar-geo-stub","th":"แม่แบบ:โครงภูมิศาสตร์พม่า","uk":"Шаблон:Myanmar-geo-stub","ur":"سانچہ:میانمار-جغرافیہ-نامکمل","uz":"Andoza:Myanma-geo-stub","vi":"Bản mẫu:Burma-geo-stub","zh":"Template:Burma-geo-stub","zh-yue":"Template:Myanmar-geo-stub"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.386993","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Eirene","wikicode":"{{Untuk|planet minor bernama sama|14 Irene}}\n\n[[Berkas:Eirene(Irene)Ploutos Glyptothek Munich 219 n4.jpg|jmpl|''Patung Eirene'' bersama bayi [[Ploutos]], patung marmer buatan [[Romawi]] yang meniru patung perunggu buatan [[Kefisodotos yang Tua]], kini berada di [[Glyptothek]], [[Munich]]]]\n'''Eirene''', ({{lang-el|Εἰρήνη, Ëirene}}, ducapkan {{IPA-all|eiˈrɛːnɛː}}; \"kedamaian\") adalah salah satu [[Horai]] dalam [[mitologi Yunani]]. Dalam [[mitologi Romawi]] dia dikenal sebagai [[Pax (mitologi)|Pax]]. Eirene adalah dewi dan personifikasi dari kedamaian. Dia digambarkan sebagai perempuan muda dan cantik yang membawa [[kornukopeia]], tongkat dan obor atau [[rhiton]]. Dia adalah putri dari [[Zeus]] dan [[Themis]].\n\nDia sangat disembah di [[kota Athena]]. Setelah kemenangan atas [[Sparta]] pada pertempuran laut tahun 375 SM, rakyat Athena mendirikan pemujaan untuk Eirene dan membangun altar untuknya. Mereka menggelar upacara kurban tahunan untuk memperingati kedamaian pasca kemenangan itu. Rakyat Athena juga membangun patungnya di [[agora]]. Patung tersebut dibuat oleh [[Kefisodotos yang Tua]], dan banyak digambarkan dalam vas maupun koin.[{{cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Raimund|title=Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2007|isbn=9783406565083}}]\n\nPatung itu kini telah hilang, tetapi tiruannya, yang dibuat dari marmer oleh [[Romawi]], berhasil diselamtkan dan kini ada di [[Munich]] [[Glyptothek]]. Patung itu menggambarkan Eirene yang sedang menggendong bayi [[Ploutos]]. Bagian tangan kanannya, yeng memgang tongkat, telah hilang. Patung itu menunjukkan simbolisme kekayaan (Ploutos) yang dinaungi oleh kedamaian (Eirene).[{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Edward|title=Catalogue of Casts Part III Greek and Roman Sculpture|page=222|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin & Co.|year=1892}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Eirene}}\n* {{en}} [http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/HoraEirene.html Eirene di Theoi Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121070831/http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/HoraEirene.html |date=2016-01-21 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Horai]]\n[[Kategori:Dewi personifikasi]]\n[[Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani]]","hash":"0379c877a69b137186f21cbd4eca62e8a580d60dbdab5ce4450fa598eba74794","last_revision":"2022-02-18T07:30:37Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T16:08:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:36.084151","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أيرينه","bcl":"Eirene (mga dios)","be":"Эйрэна","bg":"Ирена","br":"Eirene (doueez)","ca":"Irene (Hores)","cs":"Eiréné","de":"Eirene (Friedensgöttin)","el":"Ειρήνη (μυθολογία)","en":"Eirene (goddess)","eo":"Ejreno","es":"Irene (mitología)","eu":"Eirene","fa":"ایرنه (الهه)","fi":"Eirene","fr":"Eiréné","he":"אירנה (אלה)","hu":"Eiréné (istennő)","hy":"Էյրենե","it":"Eirene","ja":"エイレーネー (ギリシア神話)","ko":"에이레네","la":"Irene (mythologia)","lt":"Eirenė","nl":"Eirene (mythologie)","nn":"Eirene","nb":"Eirene (gudinne)","pl":"Ejrene","pt":"Irene (mitologia)","ru":"Эйрена","sh":"Irena (mitologija)","sl":"Irene","sr":"Ејрена","sv":"Eirene","tr":"İrini","uk":"Ейрена","zh":"厄瑞涅"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.522574","text":"Eirene, (, ducapkan ; \"kedamaian\") adalah salah satu Horai dalam mitologi Yunani. Dalam mitologi Romawi dia dikenal sebagai Pax. Eirene adalah dewi dan personifikasi dari kedamaian. Dia digambarkan sebagai perempuan muda dan cantik yang membawa kornukopeia, tongkat dan obor atau rhiton. Dia adalah putri dari Zeus dan Themis.\n\nDia sangat disembah di kota Athena. Setelah kemenangan atas Sparta pada pertempuran laut tahun 375 SM, rakyat Athena mendirikan pemujaan untuk Eirene dan membangun altar untuknya. Mereka menggelar upacara kurban tahunan untuk memperingati kedamaian pasca kemenangan itu. Rakyat Athena juga membangun patungnya di agora. Patung tersebut dibuat oleh Kefisodotos yang Tua, dan banyak digambarkan dalam vas maupun koin.\n\nPatung itu kini telah hilang, tetapi tiruannya, yang dibuat dari marmer oleh Romawi, berhasil diselamtkan dan kini ada di Munich Glyptothek. Patung itu menggambarkan Eirene yang sedang menggendong bayi Ploutos. Bagian tangan kanannya, yeng memgang tongkat, telah hilang. Patung itu menunjukkan simbolisme kekayaan (Ploutos) yang dinaungi oleh kedamaian (Eirene). Patung itu awalnya berada di Roma namun dibawa ke Prancis oleh Napoleon I. Setelah kejatuhan Napoleon, patung tersebut dibawa ke Jerman oleh Ludwig I dari Bavaria.\n\nEirene di Theoi Project\n\nKategori:Horai Kategori:Dewi personifikasi Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Eirene, (, ducapkan ; \"kedamaian\") adalah salah satu Horai dalam mitologi Yunani.","translated_text":"Eirene, (, plural; \"peace\") was one of the Horae in Greek mythology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam mitologi Romawi dia dikenal sebagai Pax.","translated_text":"In Roman mythology he was known as Pax.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eirene adalah dewi dan personifikasi dari kedamaian.","translated_text":"Eirene is the goddess and personification of peace.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia digambarkan sebagai perempuan muda dan cantik yang membawa kornukopeia, tongkat dan obor atau rhiton.","translated_text":"She is depicted as a young and beautiful woman carrying a cornucopia, a cane and a torch or rhetoric.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia adalah putri dari Zeus dan Themis.","translated_text":"She was the daughter of Zeus and Themis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dia sangat disembah di kota Athena.","translated_text":"He was highly revered in the city of Athens.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah kemenangan atas Sparta pada pertempuran laut tahun 375 SM, rakyat Athena mendirikan pemujaan untuk Eirene dan membangun altar untuknya.","translated_text":"After the victory over Sparta in a sea battle in 375 B.C., the Athenians established a cult for Eirene and built an altar to her.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menggelar upacara kurban tahunan untuk memperingati kedamaian pasca kemenangan itu.","translated_text":"They held an annual sacrificial ceremony to commemorate the peace after the victory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rakyat Athena juga membangun patungnya di agora.","translated_text":"The Athenians also built his statue in the agora.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Patung tersebut dibuat oleh Kefisodotos yang Tua, dan banyak digambarkan dalam vas maupun koin.","translated_text":"The statue was made by Kephasodotus the Elder, and many are depicted in vases and coins.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Raimund|title=Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2007|isbn=9783406565083}}]","char_index":95,"name":"Wunsche","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Patung itu kini telah hilang, tetapi tiruannya, yang dibuat dari marmer oleh Romawi, berhasil diselamtkan dan kini ada di Munich Glyptothek.","translated_text":"The statue is now lost, but its replica, made of marble by the Romans, was successfully preserved and is now in the Munich Glyptothek.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Patung itu menggambarkan Eirene yang sedang menggendong bayi Ploutos.","translated_text":"The statue depicts Eirene carrying the baby Ploutos.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian tangan kanannya, yeng memgang tongkat, telah hilang.","translated_text":"The part of his right hand, which roasted a stick, is missing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Patung itu menunjukkan simbolisme kekayaan (Ploutos) yang dinaungi oleh kedamaian (Eirene).","translated_text":"The statue shows the symbolism of wealth (Ploutos) surrounded by peace (Eirene).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Raimund|title=Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2007|isbn=9783406565083}}]","char_index":91,"name":"Wunsche","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Patung itu awalnya berada di Roma namun dibawa ke Prancis oleh Napoleon I. Setelah kejatuhan Napoleon, patung tersebut dibawa ke Jerman oleh Ludwig I dari Bavaria.","translated_text":"The statue was originally in Rome but was brought to France by Napoleon I. After Napoleon's fall, the statue was brought to Germany by Ludwig I of Bavaria.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Edward|title=Catalogue of Casts Part III Greek and Roman Sculpture|page=222|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin & Co.|year=1892}}]","char_index":163,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Eirene di Theoi Project","translated_text":"Eirene at the Theoi Project","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121070831/http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/HoraEirene.html |date=2016-01-21 }}","char_index":23,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160121070831/http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/HoraEirene.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:15.735078-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Horai Kategori:Dewi personifikasi Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani","translated_text":"Categories:Horai Categories:Great Greek goddess of the sea","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Mereka menggelar upacara kurban tahunan untuk memperingati kedamaian pasca kemenangan itu. Rakyat Athena juga membangun patungnya di agora. Patung tersebut dibuat oleh Kefisodotos yang Tua, dan banyak digambarkan dalam vas maupun koin.","translated_text":"They held an annual sacrificial ceremony to commemorate the peace after the victory. The Athenians also built his statue in the agora. The statue was made by Kephasodotus the Elder, and many are depicted in vases and coins.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Raimund|title=Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2007|isbn=9783406565083}}]","char_index":235,"name":"Wunsche","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Patung itu menggambarkan Eirene yang sedang menggendong bayi Ploutos. Bagian tangan kanannya, yeng memgang tongkat, telah hilang. Patung itu menunjukkan simbolisme kekayaan (Ploutos) yang dinaungi oleh kedamaian (Eirene).","translated_text":"The statue depicts Eirene carrying the baby Ploutos. The part of his right hand, which roasted a stick, is missing. The statue shows the symbolism of wealth (Ploutos) surrounded by peace (Eirene).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Raimund|title=Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2007|isbn=9783406565083}}]","char_index":221,"name":"Wunsche","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bagian tangan kanannya, yeng memgang tongkat, telah hilang. Patung itu menunjukkan simbolisme kekayaan (Ploutos) yang dinaungi oleh kedamaian (Eirene). Patung itu awalnya berada di Roma namun dibawa ke Prancis oleh Napoleon I. Setelah kejatuhan Napoleon, patung tersebut dibawa ke Jerman oleh Ludwig I dari Bavaria.","translated_text":"The part of his right hand, which roasted a stick, is missing. The statue shows the symbolism of wealth (Ploutos) surrounded by peace (Eirene). The statue was originally in Rome but was brought to France by Napoleon I. After Napoleon's fall, the statue was brought to Germany by Ludwig I of Bavaria.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Edward|title=Catalogue of Casts Part III Greek and Roman Sculpture|page=222|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin & Co.|year=1892}}]","char_index":315,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Eirene di Theoi Project","translated_text":"Eirene at the Theoi Project","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121070831/http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/HoraEirene.html |date=2016-01-21 }}","char_index":23,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160121070831/http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/HoraEirene.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:15.735078-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Berkas:K.H. Mahfuz Amin.JPG","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description = == Ringkasan ==\nK.H.Mahfuz Amin bin Tuan Guru H. Muhammad Ramli bin Tuan Guru H. Muhammad Amin, tokoh pendiri [[Pesantren Pamangkih]], [[Labuan Amas Utara]], [[Hulu Sungai Tengah]], [[Kalsel]]. Sumber : Istimewa\n== Jenis lisensi ==\n{{FotoHistoris}}\n|source = \n|date = \n|location = \n|author = \n|permission = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n[[Category:Files uploaded by Ezagren - non-free]]","hash":"2f295fdcb5431630dcb9c449eba5f891ed4d5b2cbbcbfeb755a471f862e419de","last_revision":"2020-07-14T09:42:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-25T23:14:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.023391","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Category:Files uploaded by Ezagren - non-free\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Category:Files uploaded by Ezagren - non-free","translated_text":"Category:Files uploaded by Ezagren - non-free","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Nero Burning ROM","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Nero Burning ROM\n| screenshot = [[Berkas:Interface Nero 8 StartSmart.jpg|250px]]\n| caption = Jalur pintas program '''Nero Burning ROM''' pada ''Nero 8 StartSmart'', salah satu bagian utama dari ''Nero 8 Ultra Edition''\n| developer = [[Nero AG]]\n| latest release version = 10.0.10500\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2010|07|12}}\n| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]]\n| genre = [[Burning tools]]\n| license = Commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary]]\n| website = [http://www.nero.com/ www.nero.com]\n}}\n\n'''Nero Burning ROM''' adalah [[perangkat lunak]] buatan ''Nero AG'', Jerman yang memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat untuk membakar data pada keping CD, DVD hingga ''Blue Ray''. Program ini merupakan bagian penting pada paket utama [[Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD]].\n\nSebelum versi 10, ''Suite'' ini dikelompokkan menjadi versi ''Lite'', ''Premium'' maupun ''Ultra'' sebagai versi paling lengkap, misalnya seperti ''Nero 8 Ultra Edition''. Jika merupakan paket sederhana (''lite'') yang tidak berbayar, ''Nero Burning ROM'' umumnya dipaketkan bersamaan dengan program ''Nero StrartSmart'' saja dan sangat sedikit aplikasi pendukung yang disertakan, seperti pada ''Nero 9 Lite Edition''. Pada Nero 9 versi ini, fitur yang dapat digunakan hanya ''Data Burning'' dan ''Copy Disk''.\n\nSecara ''default'', hasil pembuatan berkas salinan (''image'') dengan program ini memiliki ekstensi NRG, meskipun ada lebih dari 10 jenis berkas salinan yang dapat didukung.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD]]\n* [[Nero BackItUp]]\n* [[Nero BurnRights]]\n* [[Nero ControlCenter]]\n* [[Nero CoverDesigner]]\n* [[Nero DiscSpeed]]\n* [[Nero DriveSpeed]]\n* [[Nero Express]]\n* [[Nero Home]]\n* [[Nero InfoTool]]\n* [[Nero MediaHome]]\n* [[Nero PhotoSnap]]\n* [[Nero PhotoSnap Viewer]]\n* [[Nero Recode]]\n* [[Nero RescueAgent]]\n* [[Nero Scout]]\n* [[Nero ShowTime]]\n* [[Nero SoundTrack]]\n* [[Nero Vision]]\n* [[Nero WaveEditor]]\n* [[PowerISO]]\n* [[UltraISO]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* http://www.nero.com {{en icon}}\n{{Optical disc image software}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak]]\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]\n\n\n{{software-stub}}","hash":"fd008dc3bf21efe89da167e1997658d43d9756592b9c5377f0539a820194595c","last_revision":"2022-12-28T03:54:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T00:21:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.089172","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"نيرو","az":"Nero Burning ROM","cs":"Nero Burning ROM","de":"Nero Burning ROM","en":"Nero Burning ROM","es":"Nero Burning ROM","fi":"Nero Burning ROM","fr":"Nero Burning ROM","he":"Nero Burning ROM","hy":"Nero (ծրագրային փաթեթ)","it":"Nero Burning ROM","ja":"Nero Burning ROM","ka":"Nero","ko":"네로 버닝 롬","ml":"നീറോ ബേണിങ് റോം","nl":"Nero Burning ROM","nb":"Nero Burning ROM","pl":"Nero Burning ROM","pt":"Nero (software)","ro":"Nero Burning ROM","ru":"Nero Burning ROM","sv":"Nero (datorprogram)","tr":"Nero Burning ROM","uk":"Nero Burning ROM","vls":"Nero (software)","zh":"Nero Burning ROM"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Nero Burning ROM adalah perangkat lunak buatan Nero AG, Jerman yang memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat untuk membakar data pada keping CD, DVD hingga Blue Ray. Program ini merupakan bagian penting pada paket utama Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD.\n\nSebelum versi 10, Suite ini dikelompokkan menjadi versi Lite, Premium maupun Ultra sebagai versi paling lengkap, misalnya seperti Nero 8 Ultra Edition. Jika merupakan paket sederhana (lite) yang tidak berbayar, Nero Burning ROM umumnya dipaketkan bersamaan dengan program Nero StrartSmart saja dan sangat sedikit aplikasi pendukung yang disertakan, seperti pada Nero 9 Lite Edition. Pada Nero 9 versi ini, fitur yang dapat digunakan hanya Data Burning dan Copy Disk.\n\nSecara default, hasil pembuatan berkas salinan (image) dengan program ini memiliki ekstensi NRG, meskipun ada lebih dari 10 jenis berkas salinan yang dapat didukung.\n\nNero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD Nero BackItUp Nero BurnRights Nero ControlCenter Nero CoverDesigner Nero DiscSpeed Nero DriveSpeed Nero Express Nero Home Nero InfoTool Nero MediaHome Nero PhotoSnap Nero PhotoSnap Viewer Nero Recode Nero RescueAgent Nero Scout Nero ShowTime Nero SoundTrack Nero Vision Nero WaveEditor PowerISO UltraISO\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Nero Burning ROM\n| screenshot = [[Berkas:Interface Nero 8 StartSmart.jpg|250px]]\n| caption = Jalur pintas program '''Nero Burning ROM''' pada ''Nero 8 StartSmart'', salah satu bagian utama dari ''Nero 8 Ultra Edition''\n| developer = [[Nero AG]]\n| latest release version = 10.0.10500\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2010|07|12}}\n| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]]\n| genre = [[Burning tools]]\n| license = Commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary]]\n| website = [http://www.nero.com/ www.nero.com]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nero Burning ROM adalah perangkat lunak buatan Nero AG, Jerman yang memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat untuk membakar data pada keping CD, DVD hingga Blue Ray.","translated_text":"Nero Burning ROM is a software made by Nero AG, Germany that has the primary function as a tool for burning data on CD, DVD to Blue Ray discs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Program ini merupakan bagian penting pada paket utama Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD.","translated_text":"This program is an important part of Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD's main package.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelum versi 10, Suite ini dikelompokkan menjadi versi Lite, Premium maupun Ultra sebagai versi paling lengkap, misalnya seperti Nero 8 Ultra Edition.","translated_text":"Prior to version 10, the suite was grouped into Lite, Premium and Ultra versions as the most complete versions, such as the Nero 8 Ultra Edition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika merupakan paket sederhana (lite) yang tidak berbayar, Nero Burning ROM umumnya dipaketkan bersamaan dengan program Nero StrartSmart saja dan sangat sedikit aplikasi pendukung yang disertakan, seperti pada Nero 9 Lite Edition.","translated_text":"If it is a simple (lite) unpaid package, the Nero Burning ROM is generally packed alongside the Nero StrartSmart program only and very few supporting applications are included, such as in the Nero 9 Lite Edition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada Nero 9 versi ini, fitur yang dapat digunakan hanya Data Burning dan Copy Disk.","translated_text":"In this version of Nero 9, the only features that can be used are Data Burning and Copy Disk.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara default, hasil pembuatan berkas salinan (image) dengan program ini memiliki ekstensi NRG, meskipun ada lebih dari 10 jenis berkas salinan yang dapat didukung.","translated_text":"By default, image creation results with this program have NRG extensions, although there are more than 10 types of copy files that can be supported.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD Nero BackItUp Nero BurnRights Nero ControlCenter Nero CoverDesigner Nero DiscSpeed Nero DriveSpeed Nero Express Nero Home Nero InfoTool Nero MediaHome Nero PhotoSnap Nero PhotoSnap Viewer Nero Recode Nero RescueAgent Nero Scout Nero ShowTime Nero SoundTrack Nero Vision Nero WaveEditor PowerISO UltraISO","translated_text":"Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD Nero BackItUp Nero BurnRights Nero ControlCenter Nero CoverDesigner Nero DiscSpeed Nero DriveSpeed Nero Express Nero Home Nero InfoTool Nero MediaHome Nero PhotoSnap Nero PhotoSnap Viewer Nero Recode Nero RescueAgent Nero Scout Nero Showtime Nero SoundTrack Nero Vision Nero WaveEditor PowerISO UltraISO","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows","translated_text":":Software Category:Windows software","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Daftar pesawat penumpang regional","wikicode":"Berikut ini merupakan sabuah '''daftar pesawat penumpang regional''' jarak pendek yang dibangun dalam jumlah signifikan dan juga pesawat jet regional selain pesawat yang lebih kecil. Termasuk pesawat yang dibangun dengan jumlah terbatas namun dengan pengembangan teknologi yang signifikan\n\nPesawat tersebut dibedakan dari pesawat lain karena tugas yang signifikan dalam mengisi jalur penerbangan jarak pendek dalam sistem hub and spoke penumpang dan kargo.\n\n== Pesawat Turboprop ==\n[[Berkas:Embraer EMB 120.jpg|jmpl|ka|Embraer EMB 120ER OM-FLY SkyEurope]]\n[[Berkas:OLT Saab2000.JPG|jmpl|ka|Saab 2000]]\n[[Berkas:Airsouthwest.dash8.g-wowd.bristol.arp.jpg|jmpl|ka|Dash 8 Air Southwest]]\n\n=== Kabin dua kolom ===\n* [[Beechcraft 1900]]\n* [[Dornier 228]]\n* [[NAL Saras]]\n\n=== Kabin tiga kolom ===\n* [[Antonov An-28]]\n* [[Handley Page Jetstream|BAe Jetstream 31]]\n* [[BAe Jetstream 41]]\n* [[Cessna 208]]\n* [[De Havilland Canada 6 Twin Otter]] {{CAN}}\n* [[Dornier 328]]\n* [[Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia]]\n* [[Harbin Y-12]] {{PRC}}\n* [[Saab 340]]\n* [[Saab 2000]]\n* [[Short 360]]\n\n=== Kabin empat kolom ===\n* [[Antonov An-140]]\n* [[ATR 42]]\n* [[ATR 72]]\n* [[BAe ATP]]\n* [[de Havilland Canada Dash 7]] {{Flag|Canada}}\n* [[Bombardier Dash 8]] dan Q400 {{Flag|Canada}}\n* [[CN-235]]\n* [[Fokker F50]]\n* [[Xian MA60]]\n\n== Jet regional ==\n{{see also|Pesawat jet regional}}\n[[Berkas:ADAC Dornier 328-300 D-BADA.jpg|jmpl|ka|Fairchild Dornier 328Jet]]\n[[Berkas:Lufthansa Regional - CRJ 100 LR (D-ACLJ).jpg|jmpl|ka|CRJ100 LR [[Lufthansa CityLine]]]]\n\n=== Kabin tiga kolom ===\n* [[Embraer ERJ 145 Family]] {{Flag|Brazil}}\n* [[Fairchild Dornier 328JET]] {{Flag|Germany}}\n\n=== Kabin empat kolom ===\n* [[Bombardier CRJ200|Bombardier CRJ100 / CRJ200]] {{Flag|Canada}}\n* [[Bombardier CRJ700|Bombardier CRJ700 / CRJ900 / CRJ1000]]\n* [[Embraer E-Jets]]\n* [[Mitsubishi Regional Jet]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pesawat]]","hash":"811a6cfc941d75f3fad82a230c9832627e23c4ccdacd78127065d10b496aa4f0","last_revision":"2023-08-29T21:06:23Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T00:54:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.145822","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قائمة الطائرات الإقليمية","bn":"আঞ্চলিক বিমানের তালিকা","en":"List of regional airliners","es":"Anexo:Aviones de línea regionales","fa":"فهرست هواپیماهای مسافربری منطقهای","tr":"Bölgesel yolcu uçaklarının listesi"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Berikut ini merupakan sabuah daftar pesawat penumpang regional jarak pendek yang dibangun dalam jumlah signifikan dan juga pesawat jet regional selain pesawat yang lebih kecil. Termasuk pesawat yang dibangun dengan jumlah terbatas namun dengan pengembangan teknologi yang signifikan\n\nPesawat tersebut dibedakan dari pesawat lain karena tugas yang signifikan dalam mengisi jalur penerbangan jarak pendek dalam sistem hub and spoke penumpang dan kargo.\n\nBeechcraft 1900 Dornier 228 NAL Saras\n\nAntonov An-28 BAe Jetstream 31 BAe Jetstream 41 Cessna 208 De Havilland Canada 6 Twin Otter Dornier 328 Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia Harbin Y-12 Saab 340 Saab 2000 Short 360\n\nAntonov An-140 ATR 42 ATR 72 BAe ATP de Havilland Canada Dash 7 Bombardier Dash 8 dan Q400 CN-235 Fokker F50 Xian MA60\n\nEmbraer ERJ 145 Family Fairchild Dornier 328JET\n\nBombardier CRJ100 / CRJ200 Bombardier CRJ700 / CRJ900 / CRJ1000 Embraer E-Jets Mitsubishi Regional Jet\n\nKategori:Pesawat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut ini merupakan sabuah daftar pesawat penumpang regional jarak pendek yang dibangun dalam jumlah signifikan dan juga pesawat jet regional selain pesawat yang lebih kecil.","translated_text":"The following is a list of regional short-haul passenger aircraft built in significant numbers and also regional jet aircraft in addition to smaller aircraft.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Termasuk pesawat yang dibangun dengan jumlah terbatas namun dengan pengembangan teknologi yang signifikan","translated_text":"Including aircraft built in limited numbers but with significant technological advances","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pesawat tersebut dibedakan dari pesawat lain karena tugas yang signifikan dalam mengisi jalur penerbangan jarak pendek dalam sistem hub and spoke penumpang dan kargo.","translated_text":"The aircraft is distinguished from other aircraft by its significant role in filling short-haul flight paths in the passenger and cargo hub and spoke system.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pesawat Turboprop","translated_text":"Turboprop aircraft","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kabin dua kolom","translated_text":"Two-column cabin","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beechcraft 1900 Dornier 228 NAL Saras","translated_text":"Beechcraft 1900 Dornier 228 NAL Saras","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kabin tiga kolom","translated_text":"Cabin of three columns","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antonov An-28","translated_text":"The Antonov An-28","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"BAe Jetstream 31 BAe Jetstream 41 Cessna 208 De Havilland Canada 6 Twin Otter Dornier 328 Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia Harbin Y-12 Saab 340 Saab 2000 Short 360","translated_text":"This is a list of aircraft of the United States Air Force and the United States Navy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kabin empat kolom","translated_text":"Cabin of four columns","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antonov An-140 ATR 42 ATR 72 BAe ATP de Havilland Canada Dash 7 Bombardier Dash 8 dan Q400 CN-235 Fokker F50 Xian MA60","translated_text":"The Antonov An-140 ATR 42 ATR 72 BAe ATP de Havilland Canada Dash 7 Bombardier Dash 8 and the Q400 CN-235 Fokker F50 Xian MA60","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jet regional","translated_text":"Regional jet","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kabin tiga kolom","translated_text":"Cabin of three columns","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Embraer ERJ 145 Family Fairchild Dornier 328JET","translated_text":"Embraer ERJ 145 Family Fairchild Dornier 328JET","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kabin empat kolom","translated_text":"Cabin of four columns","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bombardier CRJ100 / CRJ200 Bombardier CRJ700 / CRJ900 / CRJ1000 Embraer E-Jets Mitsubishi Regional Jet","translated_text":"Bombardier CRJ100 or CRJ200 Bombardier CRJ700 or CRJ900 or CRJ1000 Embraer E-Jets Mitsubishi Regional Jet","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pesawat","translated_text":"Category:Airports","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Pertempuran maritim dalam sejarah Indonesia","wikicode":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang [[pertempuran maritim]] yang terjadi di [[Indonesia]].\n\n[[Kategori:Pertempuran laut]]\n[[Kategori:Pertempuran yang melibatkan Indonesia]]","hash":"aee56dd64cd0de2c505bbdef1ba98b00d6aaab3b107ce82ee6e65ae8f0a488b5","last_revision":"2017-11-24T00:47:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T01:06:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.197324","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang pertempuran maritim yang terjadi di Indonesia.\n\nKategori:Pertempuran laut Kategori:Pertempuran yang melibatkan Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bawah ini adalah artikel-artikel tentang pertempuran maritim yang terjadi di Indonesia.","translated_text":"Below are articles about the maritime battles that took place in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pertempuran laut Kategori:Pertempuran yang melibatkan Indonesia","translated_text":":Sea battles Category:Battle involving Indonesia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Nero Multimedia Suite 10 PLATINUM HD\n| screenshot = \n| caption = Kotak kemasan program ''Nero Multimedia Suite 10 PLATINUM HD''\n| developer = [[Nero AG]]\n| latest release version = 10\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2010|07|12}}\n| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]]\n| genre = [[Multimedia tools]], [[Burning tools]]\n| license = Commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary]]\n| website = [http://www.nero.com/ www.nero.com]\n}}\n\n'''Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD''' adalah sebuah paket [[perangkat lunak]] yang dibuat untuk memudahkan pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan penyuntingan [[multimedia]] hingga proses pembakaran data pada media CD, DVD atau ''Blue Ray''. Untuk versi yang lebih ekonomis tersedia ''Nero Multimedia Suite 10'' (versi standar, tanpa kode ''Platinum HD).\n\n''Nero AG'' memproduksi program buatannya selengkap mungkin, sehingga banyak aplikasi pendukung yang dikemas dalam satu kemasan yang membentuk sebuah ''Multimedia Suite Application Tools'' dan paket ini adalah versi yang paling lengkap, menggantikan versi ''Ultra Edition'' pada versi-versi sebelumnya. Saat ini perangkat lunak buatan ''Nero AG'' ini telah memasuki versi ke 10 yang dirilis pada tahun 2010.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Nero BackItUp & Burn]]\n* [[Nero Burning ROM]]\n* [[Nero Burnlite 10]]\n* [[Nero Linux 4]]\n* [[Nero MediaHome 4]]\n* [[Nero VideoPremium]]\n* [[Nero VisionXtra]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* http://www.nero.com {{en icon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak]]\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]\n\n\n{{software-stub}}","hash":"9b08bdf519dee75a31b66c740b9c65ba06ed0e42c0220a3ea1f40c9e97385822","last_revision":"2024-03-05T04:11:49Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T01:21:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.256363","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD adalah sebuah paket perangkat lunak yang dibuat untuk memudahkan pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan penyuntingan multimedia hingga proses pembakaran data pada media CD, DVD atau Blue Ray. Untuk versi yang lebih ekonomis tersedia Nero Multimedia Suite 10 (versi standar, tanpa kode Platinum HD).\n\nNero AG memproduksi program buatannya selengkap mungkin, sehingga banyak aplikasi pendukung yang dikemas dalam satu kemasan yang membentuk sebuah Multimedia Suite Application Tools dan paket ini adalah versi yang paling lengkap, menggantikan versi Ultra Edition pada versi-versi sebelumnya. Saat ini perangkat lunak buatan Nero AG'' ini telah memasuki versi ke 10 yang dirilis pada tahun 2010.\n\nNero BackItUp & Burn Nero Burning ROM Nero Burnlite 10 Nero Linux 4 Nero MediaHome 4 Nero VideoPremium Nero VisionXtra\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Nero Multimedia Suite 10 PLATINUM HD\n| screenshot = \n| caption = Kotak kemasan program ''Nero Multimedia Suite 10 PLATINUM HD''\n| developer = [[Nero AG]]\n| latest release version = 10\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2010|07|12}}\n| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]]\n| genre = [[Multimedia tools]], [[Burning tools]]\n| license = Commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary]]\n| website = [http://www.nero.com/ www.nero.com]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD adalah sebuah paket perangkat lunak yang dibuat untuk memudahkan pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan penyuntingan multimedia hingga proses pembakaran data pada media CD, DVD atau Blue Ray.","translated_text":"Nero Multimedia Suite 10 Platinum HD is a software package designed to facilitate work related to multimedia editing to the process of burning data on CD, DVD or Blue Ray media.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk versi yang lebih ekonomis tersedia Nero Multimedia Suite 10 (versi standar, tanpa kode Platinum HD).","translated_text":"For a more economical version Nero Multimedia Suite 10 is available (standard version, with no Platinum HD code).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nero AG memproduksi program buatannya selengkap mungkin, sehingga banyak aplikasi pendukung yang dikemas dalam satu kemasan yang membentuk sebuah Multimedia Suite Application Tools dan paket ini adalah versi yang paling lengkap, menggantikan versi Ultra Edition pada versi-versi sebelumnya.","translated_text":"Nero AG produces its software as complete as possible, so that many supporting applications are packaged in a single package that forms a Multimedia Suite Application Tools and this package is the most complete version, replacing the Ultra Edition version in previous versions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini perangkat lunak buatan Nero AG'' ini telah memasuki versi ke 10 yang dirilis pada tahun 2010.","translated_text":"Now Nero AG's software is entering its 10th version released in 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nero BackItUp & Burn Nero Burning ROM Nero Burnlite 10 Nero Linux 4 Nero MediaHome 4 Nero VideoPremium Nero VisionXtra","translated_text":"Nero BackItUp and Burn Nero Burning ROM Nero Burnlite 10 Nero Linux 4 Nero MediaHome 4 Nero VideoPremium Nero VisionXtra","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows","translated_text":":Software Category:Windows software","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Nangroe Aceh Darussalam","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Aceh]]","hash":"5b79faacdd43c29b59fb34afb574c84d33654a45881fb95a651a92e9c9dc36c4","last_revision":"2010-10-26T01:40:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T01:40:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.318414","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Aceh\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Aceh","translated_text":"It's all right.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Melatonin","wikicode":"'''Melatonin''' ({{lang-en|melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine}}) adalah [[hormon]] neurotropik dengan [[gugus fungsional|gugus]] [[antioksidan]] [[indolamina]],[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992934\n| title = Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier; Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P.\n}}] yang disintesis oleh [[kelenjar pineal]] yang terletak di dalam [[otak]] dari [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] [[asam amino]] [[triptofan]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm\n| title = Melatonin\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Sleepdex\n}}] Melalui pencerapnya, melatonin berperan dalam berbagai proses [[fisiologi]]s seperti [[ritme biologis]], regulasi [[tekanan darah]], [[onkogenesis]], [[retina]], reproduksi, [[ovarium]], [[sistem kekebalan]] dan [[diferensiasi]] [[osteoblas]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298593\n| title = Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Trakya University; Altun A, Ugur-Altun B.\n}}] [[Transduksi sinyal selular|transduksi sinyal]] pada lintasan melatonin meningkatkan rasio [[enzim]] antioksidan seperti [[superoksida dismutase]], [[peroksidase]], [[glutathion]] dan meredam enzim prooksidan seperti [[nitrogen monoksida sintase]] dan [[liposigenase]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217125\n| title = Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = tute of Zoology, Anthropology and Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen; Hardeland R.\n}}] Melatonin adalah hormon yang dikenal berperan vital pada siklus tidur-bangun yang secara alami level tertinggi melatonin adalah pada malam hari[{{Cite web|title=Pros and cons of melatonin|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2021-04-26}}]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18044343 Melatonin in the treatment of atherosclerosis]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n{{Hormon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Hormon]]","hash":"441df0a2a231be05ea0237cb3f4d6679edb7fe4dbc66d6f286b635d6d1286245","last_revision":"2022-09-29T04:23:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T01:44:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.382351","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ميلاتونين","az":"Melatonin","azb":"ملاتونین","be":"Мелатанін","be-x-old":"Мэлятанін","bg":"Мелатонин","bs":"Melatonin","ca":"Melatonina","ckb":"مێلاتۆنین","cs":"Melatonin","cy":"Melatonin","da":"Melatonin","de":"Melatonin","dv":"މިލަޓޯނިން","el":"Μελατονίνη","en":"Melatonin","eo":"Melatonino","es":"Melatonina","et":"Melatoniin","eu":"Melatonina","ext":"Melatonina","fa":"ملاتونین","fi":"Melatoniini","fr":"Mélatonine","ga":"Meileatoinin","gl":"Melatonina","gu":"મેલાટોનિન","he":"מלטונין","hu":"Melatonin","hy":"Մելատոնին","is":"Melatónín","it":"Melatonina","ja":"メラトニン","ka":"მელატონინი","ko":"멜라토닌","la":"Melatonina","lt":"Melatoninas","lv":"Melatonīns","mk":"Мелатонин","ml":"മെലാട്ടോനിൻ","mn":"Мелатонин","ms":"Melatonin","my":"မယ်လတိုနင်","nl":"Melatonine","nn":"Melatonin","nb":"Melatonin","oc":"Melatonina","or":"ମେଲାଟୋନିନ","pl":"Melatonina","pt":"Melatonina","ro":"Melatonină","ru":"Мелатонин","sh":"Melatonin","simple":"Melatonin","sk":"Melatonín","sl":"Melatonin","sr":"Melatonin","sv":"Melatonin","ta":"மெலட்டோனின்","te":"మెలటోనిన్","tg":"Мелотонин","th":"เมลาโทนิน","tr":"Melatonin","uk":"Мелатонін","ur":"میلا ٹونن","uz":"Melatonin","vi":"Melatonin","wuu":"褪黑素","zh":"褪黑素"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Melatonin () adalah hormon neurotropik dengan gugus antioksidan indolamina, yang disintesis oleh kelenjar pineal yang terletak di dalam otak dari senyawa asam amino triptofan. Melalui pencerapnya, melatonin berperan dalam berbagai proses fisiologis seperti ritme biologis, regulasi tekanan darah, onkogenesis, retina, reproduksi, ovarium, sistem kekebalan dan diferensiasi osteoblas. transduksi sinyal pada lintasan melatonin meningkatkan rasio enzim antioksidan seperti superoksida dismutase, peroksidase, glutathion dan meredam enzim prooksidan seperti nitrogen monoksida sintase dan liposigenase. Melatonin adalah hormon yang dikenal berperan vital pada siklus tidur-bangun yang secara alami level tertinggi melatonin adalah pada malam hari\n\nMelatonin in the treatment of atherosclerosis\n\nKategori:Hormon\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Melatonin () adalah hormon neurotropik dengan gugus antioksidan indolamina, yang disintesis oleh kelenjar pineal yang terletak di dalam otak dari senyawa asam amino triptofan.","translated_text":"Melatonin () is a neurotrophic hormone with the antioxidant group indolamine, which is synthesized by the pineal gland located inside the brain from the amino acid compound tryptophan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992934 | title = Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier; Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P. }}]","char_index":75,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992934","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163958,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:16.821891-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.794921875},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm | title = Melatonin | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Sleepdex }}]","char_index":175,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:17.267303-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Melalui pencerapnya, melatonin berperan dalam berbagai proses fisiologis seperti ritme biologis, regulasi tekanan darah, onkogenesis, retina, reproduksi, ovarium, sistem kekebalan dan diferensiasi osteoblas. transduksi sinyal pada lintasan melatonin meningkatkan rasio enzim antioksidan seperti superoksida dismutase, peroksidase, glutathion dan meredam enzim prooksidan seperti nitrogen monoksida sintase dan liposigenase.","translated_text":"Through its digestion, melatonin plays a role in various physiological processes such as biological rhythm, blood pressure regulation, oncogenesis, retina, reproduction, ovaries, immune system and osteoblast differentiation. Signal transduction on the melatonin trajectory increases the ratio of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione and suppresses prooxidant enzymes such as nitrogen monoxide synthase and liposigenase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298593 | title = Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Trakya University; Altun A, Ugur-Altun B. }}]","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298593","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:17.341332-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.736328125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217125 | title = Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = tute of Zoology, Anthropology and Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen; Hardeland R. }}]","char_index":423,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217125","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":142974,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:17.719499-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82421875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Melatonin adalah hormon yang dikenal berperan vital pada siklus tidur-bangun yang secara alami level tertinggi melatonin adalah pada malam hari","translated_text":"Melatonin is a hormone known to play a vital role in the sleep-wake cycle where naturally the highest levels of melatonin are at night","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Pros and cons of melatonin|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2021-04-26}}]","char_index":143,"name":null,"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":493,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:18.086048-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Melatonin in the treatment of atherosclerosis","translated_text":"Melatonin in the treatment of atherosclerosis","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Hormon","translated_text":"Category:Hormones","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Melatonin () adalah hormon neurotropik dengan gugus antioksidan indolamina, yang disintesis oleh kelenjar pineal yang terletak di dalam otak dari senyawa asam amino triptofan.","translated_text":"Melatonin () is a neurotrophic hormone with the antioxidant group indolamine, which is synthesized by the pineal gland located inside the brain from the amino acid compound tryptophan.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992934 | title = Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches Servier; Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P. }}]","char_index":75,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992934","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163958,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:16.821891-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.794921875},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm | title = Melatonin | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Sleepdex }}]","char_index":175,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sleepdex.org/melatonin.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:17.267303-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Melatonin () adalah hormon neurotropik dengan gugus antioksidan indolamina, yang disintesis oleh kelenjar pineal yang terletak di dalam otak dari senyawa asam amino triptofan. Melalui pencerapnya, melatonin berperan dalam berbagai proses fisiologis seperti ritme biologis, regulasi tekanan darah, onkogenesis, retina, reproduksi, ovarium, sistem kekebalan dan diferensiasi osteoblas. transduksi sinyal pada lintasan melatonin meningkatkan rasio enzim antioksidan seperti superoksida dismutase, peroksidase, glutathion dan meredam enzim prooksidan seperti nitrogen monoksida sintase dan liposigenase.","translated_text":"Melatonin () is a neurotrophic hormone with the antioxidant group indolamine, which is synthesized by the pineal gland located inside the brain from the amino acid compound tryptophan. Through its digestion, melatonin plays a role in various physiological processes such as biological rhythm, blood pressure regulation, oncogenesis, retina, reproduction, ovaries, immune system and osteoblast differentiation. Signal transduction on the melatonin trajectory increases the ratio of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione and suppresses prooxidant enzymes such as nitrogen monoxide synthase and liposigenase.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298593 | title = Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Trakya University; Altun A, Ugur-Altun B. }}]","char_index":383,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298593","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:17.341332-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.736328125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217125 | title = Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = tute of Zoology, Anthropology and Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen; Hardeland R. }}]","char_index":599,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217125","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":142974,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:17.719499-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82421875}]},{"text":"Melatonin () adalah hormon neurotropik dengan gugus antioksidan indolamina, yang disintesis oleh kelenjar pineal yang terletak di dalam otak dari senyawa asam amino triptofan. Melalui pencerapnya, melatonin berperan dalam berbagai proses fisiologis seperti ritme biologis, regulasi tekanan darah, onkogenesis, retina, reproduksi, ovarium, sistem kekebalan dan diferensiasi osteoblas. transduksi sinyal pada lintasan melatonin meningkatkan rasio enzim antioksidan seperti superoksida dismutase, peroksidase, glutathion dan meredam enzim prooksidan seperti nitrogen monoksida sintase dan liposigenase. Melatonin adalah hormon yang dikenal berperan vital pada siklus tidur-bangun yang secara alami level tertinggi melatonin adalah pada malam hari","translated_text":"Melatonin () is a neurotrophic hormone with the antioxidant group indolamine, which is synthesized by the pineal gland located inside the brain from the amino acid compound tryptophan. Through its digestion, melatonin plays a role in various physiological processes such as biological rhythm, blood pressure regulation, oncogenesis, retina, reproduction, ovaries, immune system and osteoblast differentiation. Signal transduction on the melatonin trajectory increases the ratio of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione and suppresses prooxidant enzymes such as nitrogen monoxide synthase and liposigenase. Melatonin is a hormone known to play a vital role in the sleep-wake cycle where naturally the highest levels of melatonin are at night","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Pros and cons of melatonin|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en|access-date=2021-04-26}}]","char_index":743,"name":null,"url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":493,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:18.086048-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (15 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Bombardier CRJ200","wikicode":"{{Infobox Aircraft\n |name= CRJ100 / CRJ200\n |logo = \n |image= Image:Cimber.air.crj-200.oy-rja.arp.jpg\n |caption=Cimber Air CRJ200\n |type=[[Pesawat penumpang regional]]\n |national origin = [[Kanada]]\n |manufacturer= [[Bombardier Aerospace]]\n |designer=\n |first flight = 10 Mei 1991\n |introduction = 1992 ([[Lufthansa]])\n |retired=\n |status = Aktif\n |primary user= [[SkyWest Airlines]], [[MexicanaLink]]\n |more users=[[Pinnacle Airlines]]
[[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]]
[[Comair]]\n |produced =\n |number built =1,050+ (Series 100/200)\n |unit cost =US$24-39.7 juta pada 2006\n |developed from=[[Bombardier Challenger 600]]\n |variants with their own articles = [[Bombardier CRJ700|CRJ700/900/1000]]\n}}\n\n'''Bombardier CRJ100''' dan '''CRJ200''' adalah keluarga [[pesawat penumpang regional]] yang dibangun oleh [[Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier]], diambil dari basis jet bisnis [[Bombardier Challenger 600|Canadair Challenger]].\n\n== Pengembangan ==\n[[Berkas:CRJ cockpit.jpg|Kokpit CRJ|jmpl|kiri]]\nPesawat dibuat dengan basis desain Canadair Challenger, yang dibeli oleh Canadair dari Learjet tahun 1976.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\nLambung yang lebar dari Challenger dibertahukan lebih awal kepada petinggi Canadair bahwa akan ditarik ke depan untuk memperpanjang pesawat untuk mengakomodir kursi lebih banyak, dan ada rencana untuk membuat '''Challenger 610E''', yang memiliki kapasitas penumpang 24 orang. Perpanjangan tersebut gagal dilakukan, dan usaha tersebut dihentikan tahun 1981, tetapi ide tersebut tidak hilang.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\nTahun 1987, studi dimulai untuk konfigurasi perpanjangan yang lebih ambisius, membawa ke peluncuran formal dari program '''Canadair Regional Jet''' pada musim semi 1989. Nama \"Canadair\" tetap dipertahankan meskipun Bombardier telah membeli perusahaan tersebut. Satu dari tiga pesawat tersebut dengan nama '''CRJ100''' melakukan penerbangan perdana pada 10 Mei 1991, dan satu dari prototip tersebut hilang karena berputar tak terkendali pada Juli 1993. Tipe ini mendapat sertifikasi pada akhir tahun 1992, dengan pengiriman pertama dilakukan pada akhir tahun tersebut.{{butuh rujukan}}\n=== CRJ100 ===\n[[Berkas:lufthansa.crj-100.d-aclp.arp.jpg|[[Lufthansa]] CRJ100|jmpl|kiri]]\nCRJ100 diperpanjang sebesar 5.92 meter (19 ft 5 in) dari model Challenger 600, dengan perpanjangan di bagian depan dan belakang sayap, dua pintu darurat tambahan, dan sayap yang diubah dan dimodifikasi. Kapsitas penumpang normal adalah 50 penumpang dengan kapasitas maksimum 52 orang. CRJ100 dilengkapi dengan sistem avionik Collins ProLine 4, radar cuaca Collins, mesin turbofan GE CF34-3A1 dengan tenaga 41.0 kN (4,180 kgp / 9,220 lbf), sayap baru dengan bentang yang diperlebar, kapasitas bahan bakar lebih, dan roda pendarat yang ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi bebean yang lebih besar. Kemudian diikuti oleh sub varian '''CRJ100 ER''' dengan jarak jangkau tambahan 20%, dan sub varian '''CRJ100 LR''' dengan jarak tempuh tambahan 40% dari varian standard CRJ100. Sub varian '''CRJ 100 SE''' diproduksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan operator korporat dan eksekutif.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\n=== CRJ200 ===\n[[Berkas:Canadair CL-600-2B19 Regional Jet CRJ-200ER - Air Nostrum (Iberia Regional) - EC-JEN - LEMD - 200503051641.jpg|[[Air Nostrum]] CRJ200 ER|jmpl|ka]]\nCRJ200 memiliki model identik dengan model 100 namun dengan mesin yang lebih efisien.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\n[[Pinnacle Airlines]] mengoperasikan beberapa dengan 44 kursi, didesain sebagai '''CRJ440''', denagn jarak antar tempat duduk yang lebih pendek dapat ditampung 50 kursi. Modifikasi ini dilakukan untuk memungkinkan operasi di bawah kontrak dengan maskapai besar yang membatasi maskapai penghubung dari operasi pesawat di atas 50 kursi untuk mencegah persaingan tidak sehat. Dengan kondisi yang sama, Armada Comair CRJ200 40 kursi diberikan dengan harga diskon untuk mencegah Comair membeli pesawat yang lebih murah dan kecil [[Embraer 145 Family|Embraer 135]].{{butuh rujukan}}\n\nPada Agustus 2006 total 938 pesawat CRJ100 dan CRJ200 (semua varian) berada dalam layanan maskapai, dengan sisa 8 pesanan pasti. Operator utama meliputi [[Comair]] (143), [[Pinnacle Airlines]] (121), [[SkyWest Airlines]] (136), [[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]] (110), [[Air Wisconsin]] (70), [[ALMA de Mexico]] (22), [[Air Canada Jazz]] (58), [[Mesa Airlines]] (60), [[Lufthansa CityLine]] (26), [[Air Nostrum]] (35, Plus 7 orders), [[PSA Airlines]] (35), [[Republic Airways Holdings]] (20) dan [[Mesaba Airlines]] (19). Sekitar 20 maskapai lain mengoperasikan pesawat ini dengan jumlah lebih kecil.[[[Flight International]], 3-9 October 2006]\n\n== Varian ==\n[[Berkas:Canadair RJ-100SE N877SE Kenosha WI 10.06.97R edited-2.jpg|jmpl|ka|CRJ-100SE pesawat korporat di [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]] tahun 1997]]\n[[Berkas:Canadair Regional Jet CRJ-200LR 2006 04 07.jpg|CRJ-200|jmpl|kiri]]\nBeberapa model dari CRJ telah dibuat, dengan kapasitas berkisar dari 40 sampai 50 penumpang. Kode pesawat '''Jet Regional''' resmi adalah '''CL-600-2B19'''.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\n;CRJ100: CRJ100 adalah versi asli 50 kursi. Dilengkapi dengan mesin [[GE Aircraft Engines|General Electric]] [[General Electric CF34|CF34-3A1]]. Operator meliputi [[Air Canada Jazz]], [[Comair]] dan lain-lain.{{butuh rujukan}}\n\n;\n;CRJ200\n: CRJ200 identik dengan CRJ100 kecuali untuk mesinnya, dimana dikembangkan menjadi CF34-3B1, menyediakan efisiensi lebih tinggi.\n\n;CRJ440: Menampung hingga 44 kursi, versi ini dibuat untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan beberapa maskapai besar Amerika Serikat.\n\n;[[Bombardier Challenger 850|Challenger 800/850]]: Varian jet bisnis untuk CRJ200\n\n== Operator ==\n{{See|Daftar operator Bombardier CRJ}}\n\n== Spesifikasi ==\n{| class=wikitable style=\"text-align: center;\"\n|-\n! Varian\n! CRJ100 ER/LR\n! CRJ200 ER/LR\n|-\n! Kru\n| colspan=2 | 3 (2 pilot + pramugari)\n|-\n! Kapasitas kursi\n| colspan=2 | 50\n|-\n! Panjang
Bentang sayap
Tinggi\n| colspan=2 | 26.77 m (87 ft 10 in)
21.21 m (69 ft 7 in)
6.22 m (20 ft 5 in)\n|-\n! Mesin (2x)
Tenaga lepas landas (2x)
Tenaga maksimum (2x)\n| [[GE CF34]]-3A1
38.83 kN (8,729 lbf)
41.01 kN (9,220 lbf)\n| [[GE CF34]]-3B1
38.83 kN (8,729 lbf)
41.01 kN (9,220 lbf)\n|-\n! Berat maksimum tanpa bahan bakar (ZFW)\n| colspan=2 | 19,958 kg (44,000 lb)\n|-\n! Berat muatan maksimum \n| colspan=2 | 6,124 kg (13,500 lb)\n|-\n! Berat lepas landas maksimum (MTOW) \n| colspan=2 | 24,091 kg (53,000 lb)\n|-\n! Jarak maksimum\n| ER: 3,000 km (1,864 mi, 1,620 nmi)
LR: 3,710 km (2,305 mi, 2,003 nmi)\n| ER: 3,045 km (1,895 mi, 1,644 nmi)
LR: 3,713 km (2,307 mi, 2,004 nmi)\n|-\n! Kecepatan jelajah\n| colspan=2 | Mach .78 [503 mph, 437 knots] (593.74 mph ground, 516 knots ground)\n|-\n! Ketinggian penerbangan\n| colspan=2 | 12,496 m (41,000 ft)\n|-\n! Jumlah pesanan\n| colspan=2 | 1054\n|-\n! Tanggal sertifikasi\n| Tidak diketahui\n| Juli 1992\n|}\n\n'''''CRJ200:'''''\n\n'''Dimensi:'''\n:Luas sayap (net) \t520.4 ft2 \t48.35 m2\n:Diameter lambung \t8 ft 10 in \t2.69 m\n:Lingkar putar \t75 ft \t22.86 m\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n* Jackson, Paul. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004''. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons|Bombardier Canadair Regional Jet}}\n* [http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp CRJ-series at the Bombardier homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp |date=2007-06-21 }}\n\n{{Bombardier aircraft}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Bombardier]]\n[[Kategori:Bombardier Aerospace]]","hash":"aa53e9334012bff4310bd63ea95d5f551fafbb3c02af1d2d03af67c81b27ec6e","last_revision":"2023-11-29T07:53:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T02:23:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.435466","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بومباردييه سي آر جيه 200","bn":"বম্বার্ডিয়ার সিআরজে২০০","cs":"Bombardier CRJ200","fi":"Bombardier CRJ200","fr":"Bombardier CRJ200","hr":"Bombardier CRJ200","jv":"Bombardier CRJ200","ko":"봄바디어 CRJ200","lt":"Bombardier CRJ200","lv":"Bombardier CRJ200","mr":"बॉम्बार्डिये सी.आर.जे. २००","nb":"Bombardier CRJ200","pl":"Bombardier CRJ-200","pt":"Bombardier CRJ200","ru":"Bombardier CRJ200","sl":"Bombardier CRJ200"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Bombardier CRJ100 dan CRJ200 adalah keluarga pesawat penumpang regional yang dibangun oleh Bombardier, diambil dari basis jet bisnis Canadair Challenger.\n\nPesawat dibuat dengan basis desain Canadair Challenger, yang dibeli oleh Canadair dari Learjet tahun 1976.\n\nLambung yang lebar dari Challenger dibertahukan lebih awal kepada petinggi Canadair bahwa akan ditarik ke depan untuk memperpanjang pesawat untuk mengakomodir kursi lebih banyak, dan ada rencana untuk membuat Challenger 610E, yang memiliki kapasitas penumpang 24 orang. Perpanjangan tersebut gagal dilakukan, dan usaha tersebut dihentikan tahun 1981, tetapi ide tersebut tidak hilang.\n\nTahun 1987, studi dimulai untuk konfigurasi perpanjangan yang lebih ambisius, membawa ke peluncuran formal dari program Canadair Regional Jet pada musim semi 1989. Nama \"Canadair\" tetap dipertahankan meskipun Bombardier telah membeli perusahaan tersebut. Satu dari tiga pesawat tersebut dengan nama CRJ100 melakukan penerbangan perdana pada 10 Mei 1991, dan satu dari prototip tersebut hilang karena berputar tak terkendali pada Juli 1993. Tipe ini mendapat sertifikasi pada akhir tahun 1992, dengan pengiriman pertama dilakukan pada akhir tahun tersebut.\n\nCRJ100 diperpanjang sebesar 5.92 meter (19 ft 5 in) dari model Challenger 600, dengan perpanjangan di bagian depan dan belakang sayap, dua pintu darurat tambahan, dan sayap yang diubah dan dimodifikasi. Kapsitas penumpang normal adalah 50 penumpang dengan kapasitas maksimum 52 orang. CRJ100 dilengkapi dengan sistem avionik Collins ProLine 4, radar cuaca Collins, mesin turbofan GE CF34-3A1 dengan tenaga 41.0 kN (4,180 kgp / 9,220 lbf), sayap baru dengan bentang yang diperlebar, kapasitas bahan bakar lebih, dan roda pendarat yang ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi bebean yang lebih besar. Kemudian diikuti oleh sub varian CRJ100 ER dengan jarak jangkau tambahan 20%, dan sub varian CRJ100 LR dengan jarak tempuh tambahan 40% dari varian standard CRJ100. Sub varian CRJ 100 SE diproduksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan operator korporat dan eksekutif.\n\nCRJ200 memiliki model identik dengan model 100 namun dengan mesin yang lebih efisien.\n\nPinnacle Airlines mengoperasikan beberapa dengan 44 kursi, didesain sebagai CRJ440, denagn jarak antar tempat duduk yang lebih pendek dapat ditampung 50 kursi. Modifikasi ini dilakukan untuk memungkinkan operasi di bawah kontrak dengan maskapai besar yang membatasi maskapai penghubung dari operasi pesawat di atas 50 kursi untuk mencegah persaingan tidak sehat. Dengan kondisi yang sama, Armada Comair CRJ200 40 kursi diberikan dengan harga diskon untuk mencegah Comair membeli pesawat yang lebih murah dan kecil Embraer 135.\n\nPada Agustus 2006 total 938 pesawat CRJ100 dan CRJ200 (semua varian) berada dalam layanan maskapai, dengan sisa 8 pesanan pasti. Operator utama meliputi Comair (143), Pinnacle Airlines (121), SkyWest Airlines (136), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (110), Air Wisconsin (70), ALMA de Mexico (22), Air Canada Jazz (58), Mesa Airlines (60), Lufthansa CityLine (26), Air Nostrum (35, Plus 7 orders), PSA Airlines (35), Republic Airways Holdings (20) dan Mesaba Airlines (19). Sekitar 20 maskapai lain mengoperasikan pesawat ini dengan jumlah lebih kecil.\n\nBeberapa model dari CRJ telah dibuat, dengan kapasitas berkisar dari 40 sampai 50 penumpang. Kode pesawat Jet Regional resmi adalah CL-600-2B19.\n\nCRJ100 CRJ100 adalah versi asli 50 kursi. Dilengkapi dengan mesin General Electric CF34-3A1. Operator meliputi Air Canada Jazz, Comair dan lain-lain.\n\nCRJ200 CRJ200 identik dengan CRJ100 kecuali untuk mesinnya, dimana dikembangkan menjadi CF34-3B1, menyediakan efisiensi lebih tinggi.\n\nCRJ440 Menampung hingga 44 kursi, versi ini dibuat untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan beberapa maskapai besar Amerika Serikat.\n\nChallenger 800/850 Varian jet bisnis untuk CRJ200\n\nCRJ200:\n\nDimensi: Luas sayap (net) 520.4 ft2 48.35 m2 Diameter lambung 8 ft 10 in 2.69 m Lingkar putar 75 ft 22.86 m\n\nJackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.\n\nCRJ-series at the Bombardier homepage\n\nKategori:Pesawat terbang Bombardier Kategori:Bombardier Aerospace\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Aircraft\n |name= CRJ100 / CRJ200\n |logo = \n |image= Image:Cimber.air.crj-200.oy-rja.arp.jpg\n |caption=Cimber Air CRJ200\n |type=[[Pesawat penumpang regional]]\n |national origin = [[Kanada]]\n |manufacturer= [[Bombardier Aerospace]]\n |designer=\n |first flight = 10 Mei 1991\n |introduction = 1992 ([[Lufthansa]])\n |retired=\n |status = Aktif\n |primary user= [[SkyWest Airlines]], [[MexicanaLink]]\n |more users=[[Pinnacle Airlines]]
[[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]]
[[Comair]]\n |produced =\n |number built =1,050+ (Series 100/200)\n |unit cost =US$24-39.7 juta pada 2006\n |developed from=[[Bombardier Challenger 600]]\n |variants with their own articles = [[Bombardier CRJ700|CRJ700/900/1000]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bombardier CRJ100 dan CRJ200 adalah keluarga pesawat penumpang regional yang dibangun oleh Bombardier, diambil dari basis jet bisnis Canadair Challenger.","translated_text":"The Bombardier CRJ100 and CRJ200 are a family of regional passenger aircraft built by Bombardier, taken from the Canadair Challenger business jet base.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengembangan","translated_text":"The development","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pesawat dibuat dengan basis desain Canadair Challenger, yang dibeli oleh Canadair dari Learjet tahun 1976.","translated_text":"The aircraft is based on the design of the Canadair Challenger, which was purchased by Canadair from Learjet in 1976.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lambung yang lebar dari Challenger dibertahukan lebih awal kepada petinggi Canadair bahwa akan ditarik ke depan untuk memperpanjang pesawat untuk mengakomodir kursi lebih banyak, dan ada rencana untuk membuat Challenger 610E, yang memiliki kapasitas penumpang 24 orang.","translated_text":"The wide fuselage of the Challenger was announced earlier to senior Canadair that it would be pulled forward to extend the aircraft to accommodate more seats, and there were plans to build the Challenger 610E, which has a capacity of 24 passengers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perpanjangan tersebut gagal dilakukan, dan usaha tersebut dihentikan tahun 1981, tetapi ide tersebut tidak hilang.","translated_text":"The extension failed, and the effort was discontinued in 1981, but the idea did not go away.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1987, studi dimulai untuk konfigurasi perpanjangan yang lebih ambisius, membawa ke peluncuran formal dari program Canadair Regional Jet pada musim semi 1989.","translated_text":"In 1987, studies began for a more ambitious extension configuration, leading to the formal launch of the Canadair Regional Jet program in the spring of 1989.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama \"Canadair\" tetap dipertahankan meskipun Bombardier telah membeli perusahaan tersebut.","translated_text":"The name \"Canadair\" was retained despite Bombardier having purchased the company.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Satu dari tiga pesawat tersebut dengan nama CRJ100 melakukan penerbangan perdana pada 10 Mei 1991, dan satu dari prototip tersebut hilang karena berputar tak terkendali pada Juli 1993.","translated_text":"One of the three aircraft named CRJ100 made its maiden flight on 10 May 1991, and one of the prototypes was lost due to uncontrollable rotation in July 1993.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tipe ini mendapat sertifikasi pada akhir tahun 1992, dengan pengiriman pertama dilakukan pada akhir tahun tersebut.","translated_text":"The type was certified at the end of 1992, with the first deliveries made at the end of that year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"CRJ100","translated_text":"The CRJ100","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ100 diperpanjang sebesar 5.92 meter (19 ft 5 in) dari model Challenger 600, dengan perpanjangan di bagian depan dan belakang sayap, dua pintu darurat tambahan, dan sayap yang diubah dan dimodifikasi.","translated_text":"The CRJ100 was extended by 5.92 metres (19 ft 5 in) from the Challenger 600 model, with extensions on the front and rear wings, two additional emergency doors, and a modified and modified wing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kapsitas penumpang normal adalah 50 penumpang dengan kapasitas maksimum 52 orang.","translated_text":"The normal passenger capacity is 50 passengers with a maximum capacity of 52.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"CRJ100 dilengkapi dengan sistem avionik Collins ProLine 4, radar cuaca Collins, mesin turbofan GE CF34-3A1 dengan tenaga 41.0 kN (4,180 kgp / 9,220 lbf), sayap baru dengan bentang yang diperlebar, kapasitas bahan bakar lebih, dan roda pendarat yang ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi bebean yang lebih besar.","translated_text":"The CRJ100 is equipped with the Collins ProLine 4 avionics system, the Collins weather radar, the GE CF34-3A1 turbofan engine with a power of 41.0 kN (4,180 kgp / 9,220 lbf), a new wing with expanded range, more fuel capacity, and improved landing wheels to handle larger loads.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian diikuti oleh sub varian CRJ100 ER dengan jarak jangkau tambahan 20%, dan sub varian CRJ100 LR dengan jarak tempuh tambahan 40% dari varian standard CRJ100.","translated_text":"It was followed by the CRJ100 ER sub variant with an additional 20% range, and the CRJ100 LR sub variant with an additional 40% range from the CRJ100 standard variant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sub varian CRJ 100 SE diproduksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan operator korporat dan eksekutif.","translated_text":"The CRJ 100 SE sub-variant is produced to meet the needs of corporate and executive operators.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"CRJ200","translated_text":"The CRJ200","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ200 memiliki model identik dengan model 100 namun dengan mesin yang lebih efisien.","translated_text":"The CRJ200 has a model identical to the Model 100 but with a more efficient engine.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pinnacle Airlines mengoperasikan beberapa dengan 44 kursi, didesain sebagai CRJ440, denagn jarak antar tempat duduk yang lebih pendek dapat ditampung 50 kursi.","translated_text":"Pinnacle Airlines operates several with 44 seats, designed as CRJ440, while the shorter seat spacing can accommodate 50 seats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Modifikasi ini dilakukan untuk memungkinkan operasi di bawah kontrak dengan maskapai besar yang membatasi maskapai penghubung dari operasi pesawat di atas 50 kursi untuk mencegah persaingan tidak sehat.","translated_text":"These modifications were made to allow operations under a contract with a major airline which restricted connecting airlines from operating aircraft over 50 seats to prevent unhealthy competition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan kondisi yang sama, Armada Comair CRJ200 40 kursi diberikan dengan harga diskon untuk mencegah Comair membeli pesawat yang lebih murah dan kecil Embraer 135.","translated_text":"Under the same conditions, the Comair CRJ200 40-seat Fleet was offered at a discounted price to prevent Comair from buying the cheaper, smaller Embraer 135.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Agustus 2006 total 938 pesawat CRJ100 dan CRJ200 (semua varian) berada dalam layanan maskapai, dengan sisa 8 pesanan pasti.","translated_text":"As of August 2006 a total of 938 CRJ100 and CRJ200 aircraft (all variants) are in airline service, with the remaining 8 orders fixed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Operator utama meliputi Comair (143), Pinnacle Airlines (121), SkyWest Airlines (136), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (110), Air Wisconsin (70), ALMA de Mexico (22), Air Canada Jazz (58), Mesa Airlines (60), Lufthansa CityLine (26), Air Nostrum (35, Plus 7 orders), PSA Airlines (35), Republic Airways Holdings (20) dan Mesaba Airlines (19).","translated_text":"Major operators include Comair (143), Pinnacle Airlines (121), SkyWest Airlines (136), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (110), Air Wisconsin (70), ALMA de Mexico (22), Air Canada Jazz (58), Mesa Airlines (60), Lufthansa CityLine (26), Air Nostrum (35, Plus 7 orders), PSA Airlines (35), Republic Airways Holdings (20) and Mesaba Airlines (19).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar 20 maskapai lain mengoperasikan pesawat ini dengan jumlah lebih kecil.","translated_text":"About 20 other airlines operate the aircraft in smaller numbers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[[Flight International]], 3-9 October 2006]","char_index":78,"name":"FI","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Varian","translated_text":"Variants","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beberapa model dari CRJ telah dibuat, dengan kapasitas berkisar dari 40 sampai 50 penumpang.","translated_text":"Several models of the CRJ have been built, with capacities ranging from 40 to 50 passengers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kode pesawat Jet Regional resmi adalah CL-600-2B19.","translated_text":"The official Jet Regional aircraft code is CL-600-2B19.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ100 CRJ100 adalah versi asli 50 kursi.","translated_text":"The CRJ100 is the original 50-seater version.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dilengkapi dengan mesin General Electric CF34-3A1.","translated_text":"Equipped with a General Electric CF34-3A1 engine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Operator meliputi Air Canada Jazz, Comair dan lain-lain.","translated_text":"Operators include Air Canada Jazz, Comair and others.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ200 CRJ200 identik dengan CRJ100 kecuali untuk mesinnya, dimana dikembangkan menjadi CF34-3B1, menyediakan efisiensi lebih tinggi.","translated_text":"The CRJ200 CRJ200 is identical to the CRJ100 except for its engine, which was developed into the CF34-3B1, providing higher efficiency.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ440 Menampung hingga 44 kursi, versi ini dibuat untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan beberapa maskapai besar Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Seating up to 44 seats, the CRJ440 version was built to accommodate the needs of several major United States airlines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Challenger 800/850 Varian jet bisnis untuk CRJ200","translated_text":"Challenger 800/850 Business jet variant for the CRJ200","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Operator","translated_text":"Operator","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Spesifikasi","translated_text":"Specifications","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=wikitable style=\"text-align: center;\"\n|-\n! Varian\n! CRJ100 ER/LR\n! CRJ200 ER/LR\n|-\n! Kru\n| colspan=2 | 3 (2 pilot + pramugari)\n|-\n! Kapasitas kursi\n| colspan=2 | 50\n|-\n! Panjang
Bentang sayap
Tinggi\n| colspan=2 | 26.77 m (87 ft 10 in)
21.21 m (69 ft 7 in)
6.22 m (20 ft 5 in)\n|-\n! Mesin (2x)
Tenaga lepas landas (2x)
Tenaga maksimum (2x)\n| [[GE CF34]]-3A1
38.83 kN (8,729 lbf)
41.01 kN (9,220 lbf)\n| [[GE CF34]]-3B1
38.83 kN (8,729 lbf)
41.01 kN (9,220 lbf)\n|-\n! Berat maksimum tanpa bahan bakar (ZFW)\n| colspan=2 | 19,958 kg (44,000 lb)\n|-\n! Berat muatan maksimum \n| colspan=2 | 6,124 kg (13,500 lb)\n|-\n! Berat lepas landas maksimum (MTOW) \n| colspan=2 | 24,091 kg (53,000 lb)\n|-\n! Jarak maksimum\n| ER: 3,000 km (1,864 mi, 1,620 nmi)
LR: 3,710 km (2,305 mi, 2,003 nmi)\n| ER: 3,045 km (1,895 mi, 1,644 nmi)
LR: 3,713 km (2,307 mi, 2,004 nmi)\n|-\n! Kecepatan jelajah\n| colspan=2 | Mach .78 [503 mph, 437 knots] (593.74 mph ground, 516 knots ground)\n|-\n! Ketinggian penerbangan\n| colspan=2 | 12,496 m (41,000 ft)\n|-\n! Jumlah pesanan\n| colspan=2 | 1054\n|-\n! Tanggal sertifikasi\n| Tidak diketahui\n| Juli 1992\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ200:","translated_text":"The CRJ200:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dimensi: Luas sayap (net) 520.4 ft2 48.35 m2 Diameter lambung 8 ft 10 in 2.69 m Lingkar putar 75 ft 22.86 m","translated_text":"Dimensions: Wing width (net) 520.4 ft2 48.35 m2 Stomach diameter 8 ft 10 in 2.69 m Round circle 75 ft 22.86 m","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jackson, Paul.","translated_text":"Jackson and Paul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jane","translated_text":"Jane, please.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"'s All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004.","translated_text":"It's All The World's Aircraft from 2003 to 2004.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003.","translated_text":"Coulsdon, UK: Jane's information group, 2003.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.","translated_text":"This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ","translated_text":"The CRJ","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-series at the Bombardier homepage","translated_text":"-series at the Bombardier homepage","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp |date=2007-06-21 }}","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:18.202353-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pesawat terbang Bombardier Kategori:Bombardier Aerospace","translated_text":"Flying aircraft of the Bombardier","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada Agustus 2006 total 938 pesawat CRJ100 dan CRJ200 (semua varian) berada dalam layanan maskapai, dengan sisa 8 pesanan pasti. Operator utama meliputi Comair (143), Pinnacle Airlines (121), SkyWest Airlines (136), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (110), Air Wisconsin (70), ALMA de Mexico (22), Air Canada Jazz (58), Mesa Airlines (60), Lufthansa CityLine (26), Air Nostrum (35, Plus 7 orders), PSA Airlines (35), Republic Airways Holdings (20) dan Mesaba Airlines (19). Sekitar 20 maskapai lain mengoperasikan pesawat ini dengan jumlah lebih kecil.","translated_text":"As of August 2006 a total of 938 CRJ100 and CRJ200 aircraft (all variants) are in airline service, with the remaining 8 orders fixed. Major operators include Comair (143), Pinnacle Airlines (121), SkyWest Airlines (136), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (110), Air Wisconsin (70), ALMA de Mexico (22), Air Canada Jazz (58), Mesa Airlines (60), Lufthansa CityLine (26), Air Nostrum (35, Plus 7 orders), PSA Airlines (35), Republic Airways Holdings (20) and Mesaba Airlines (19). About 20 other airlines operate the aircraft in smaller numbers.","citations":[{"content":"[[[Flight International]], 3-9 October 2006]","char_index":546,"name":"FI","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"CRJ -series at the Bombardier homepage","translated_text":"The CRJ -series at the Bombardier homepage","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp |date=2007-06-21 }}","char_index":38,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:18.202353-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Portal:Korea/Artikel Pilihan/43 2010","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Korean fruit punch-Sujeonggwa-02.jpg|jmpl|ka|150px|[[Sujeonggwa]].]]\n'''Minuman Korea''' (한국음료) adalah jenis [[minuman]] khas rakyat [[Korea]]. Jenis-jenis minuman ini dibagi menjadi 2 buah kategori, minuman dan minuman keras. Minuman tradisional diistilahkan dengan ''eumcheongryu'' dan minuman keras dinamakan ''ju'' atau ''sul''. Minuman tradisional sejak zaman kuno memiliki ragam yang luas dari jenis, tipe dan cara pembuatannya. Minuman tradisional Korea diklasfikiasikan menjadi cha (teh), tang (rebusan), hwachae (sari buah dengan madu), milsu (sari madu), sikhye (sari beras manis), sujeonggwa...'''[[Minuman Korea|Selengkapnya]]'''...","hash":"c726166f56b108e68188b0dfad8537b6b08a9f59efa5548e6987b1e701d856a4","last_revision":"2018-01-05T03:18:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T02:25:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.489622","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Minuman Korea (한국음료) adalah jenis minuman khas rakyat Korea. Jenis-jenis minuman ini dibagi menjadi 2 buah kategori, minuman dan minuman keras. Minuman tradisional diistilahkan dengan eumcheongryu dan minuman keras dinamakan ju atau sul. Minuman tradisional sejak zaman kuno memiliki ragam yang luas dari jenis, tipe dan cara pembuatannya. Minuman tradisional Korea diklasfikiasikan menjadi cha (teh), tang (rebusan), hwachae (sari buah dengan madu), milsu (sari madu), sikhye (sari beras manis), sujeonggwa...Selengkapnya...\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Minuman Korea (한국음료) adalah jenis minuman khas rakyat Korea.","translated_text":"Korean drinks (한국음료) are a type of typical Korean drink.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jenis","translated_text":"The type","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-jenis minuman ini dibagi menjadi 2 buah kategori, minuman dan minuman keras.","translated_text":"- This type of beverage is divided into two categories, beverage and liquor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minuman tradisional diistilahkan dengan eumcheongryu dan minuman keras dinamakan ju atau sul.","translated_text":"Traditional drinks are labeled eumcheongryu and spirits are called ju or sul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minuman tradisional sejak zaman kuno memiliki ragam yang luas dari jenis, tipe dan cara pembuatannya.","translated_text":"Traditional drinks since ancient times have a wide variety of types, types and methods of making.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minuman tradisional Korea diklasfikiasikan menjadi cha (teh), tang (rebusan), hwachae (sari buah dengan madu), milsu (sari madu), sikhye (sari beras manis), sujeonggwa...Selengkapnya...","translated_text":"Traditional Korean drinks are classified as cha (tea), tang (brewed), hwachae (fruit and honey syrup), milsu (honey syrup), sikhye (sweet rice syrup), sujeonggwa...","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Digital multimedia broadcasting","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Digital Multimedia Broadcasting]]","hash":"970d0dddebe03c0cc0a026da147ccf58c711c775295b8127f20b009589ac5091","last_revision":"2010-10-26T03:20:41Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T03:20:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.721008","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Digital Multimedia Broadcasting\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Digital Multimedia Broadcasting","translated_text":"What is Digital Multimedia Broadcasting","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Gempa bumi Kepulauan Mentawai 2010","wikicode":"{{Infobox earthquake\n| title = Gempa bumi Kepulauan Mentawai 2010\n| timestamp = 2010-10-25 14:42:22\n| local-date = {{Start date|2010|10|25}}\n| local-time = {{tooltip|21:42:22 [[WIB]]}}\n| anss-url = usp000hnj4\n| isc-event = 15264887\n| map = Shakemap October 2010 Indonesia.jpg\n|map2 = {{Location map | Indonesia Sumatra\n| relief = y\n| label =\n| lat = -3.464\n| long = 100.084\n| mark = Bullseye1.png\n| marksize = 40\n| position = top\n| width = 260\n| float = right\n| caption = }}\n|caption =\n| magnitude = 7.8 [[Skala kekuatan Moment|Mw]]\n| depth = {{convert|12,8|mi|km}}\n| location = {{coord|3.464|S|100.084|E|display=inline,title}}
[[Malaysia]]\n| intensity = {{MMI|VII}}\n| tsunami = Ya, hingga 16-20 meter\n| casualties = 408 meninggal + 303 hilang[{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |title=BBC News - Major earthquake strikes off Indonesia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026045356/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |dead-url=no }}] tetapi kemudian melaporkan bahwa kedalaman episentrum gempa pada kedalaman {{convert|8,8|mi|km}}.[{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |title=Major quake hits Indonesia - World news - Asia-Pacific - msnbc.com |publisher=MSNBC |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105072552/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |dead-url=no }}] dan kemudian {{convert|12,8|mi|km}} USGS juga awalnya memperkirakan magnitudo gempa 7,7 [[skala richter]] sebelum merevisi menjadi 7,8 skala richter.[{{ja icon}} [http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html Southern Sumatra Earthquake in 2007, coastal change, GSI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115132203/http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html|date=2007-11-15}}]\n\n== Kontroversi ==\n[[Berkas:October 2010 Sumatra Earthquake.png|jmpl|120px|kiri|Pulau Pagai Utara dan Pulau Pagai Selatan]]\n[[Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]] (BMKG) mengeluarkan peringatan [[tsunami]]. Peringatan kemungkinan tsunami disampaikan, tetapi kemudian dicabut setelah kemungkinan ancaman tsunami berlalu. Juru bicara BMKG menyatakan, gempa Bumi dirasakan di kota-kota terdekat, tetapi tidak ada kerusakan maupun korban jiwa yang dilaporkan. BMKG menyatakan bahwa gempa Bumi terjadi dengan kekuatan 7,2 skala richter.[{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 |title=Tsunami warning relaxed after Indonesia quake |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2020-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106161325/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 |dead-url=no }}] Berdasarkan [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]], gempa menyebabkan sebuah tsunami,[{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2011-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223221620/http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 |dead-url=no }}][{{cite web |author=By the CNN Wire Staff |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2 |title=7.5-magnitude quake strikes off Indonesian coast |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2020-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916130418/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2 |dead-url=no }}] yang dilaporkan melanda Resor Selancar Macaronis di [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai|Kepulauan Mentawai]], yang menghantam dua perahu sewaan.[{{cite web |url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report |title=Tsunami hits Indonesia: report - Yahoo!7 |publisher=Au.news.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028121350/http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report |dead-url=no }}] Akibatnya 286 orang dilaporkan tewas dan 252 orang lainnya dilaporkan hilang, hal ini disebabkan terpencilnya lokasi (pulau hanya dapat dijangkau dengan kapal laut) sehingga membuat laporan korban mengalami keterlambatan.[{{cite web |url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101026/ap_on_re_as/as_indonesia_earthquake |title=Indonesia tsunami kills 113; scores more missing - Yahoo! News |publisher=News.yahoo.com |date=2010-10-15 |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027220423/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101026/ap_on_re_as/as_indonesia_earthquake |dead-url=no }}]\n\n== Gempa susulan ==\n* 5.0 - 25 Oktober, 15:21:12 UTC[{{cite web|author=(AP) |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jOdffOzPaVp4eSUDnE5CfTjRGRJA?docId=a2ed41447c4b411a9918913fd4f385c1 |title=The Associated Press: 7.7-magnitude quake hits off Indonesian island |publisher=Google.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28}}]\n* 6.1 - 25 Oktober, 19:37:30 UTC[{{cite web |author=Agence France-Presse |url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Major+quake+strikes+Indonesia/3722349/story.html |title=Major 7.7 quake strikes Indonesia |publisher=Montrealgazette.com |date=2010-10-24 |accessdate=2010-10-28 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}]\n* 4.9 - 25 Oktober, 22:10:03 UTC[{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044ca.php |title=Magnitude 4.9 - KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028120956/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044ca.php |dead-url=yes }}]\n* 6.2 - 25 Oktober, 22:59:53 UTC[{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044dt.php |title=Magnitude 6.2 - KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA |publisher=Earthquake.usgs.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027101215/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044dt.php |dead-url=yes }}]\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Gempa bumi Haiti 2010]]\n* [[Gempa bumi Chili 2010]]\n* [[Gempa bumi Yushu 2010]]\n* [[Daftar gempa bumi di Indonesia]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Gambar Luar\n|[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11636250 Foto-foto Gempa Mentawai 2010]\n|[http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/10/dual_disasters_in_indonesia.html Foto bencana alam Mentawai dan Merapi]}}\n* [http://lipsus.kompas.com/topikpilihanlist/1032 Liputan Khusus Kompas: Gempa Mentawai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112152958/http://lipsus.kompas.com/topikpilihanlist/1032 |date=2012-01-12 }}\n\n{{Gempa tahun 2010}}\n{{Gempa bumi di Indonesia}}\n{{Bencana di Indonesia tahun 2010}}\n{{Tsunami di Indonesia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gempa bumi di Indonesia tahun 2010|Kepulauan Mentawai 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Gempa bumi tahun 2010|Kepulauan Mentawai 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Bencana alam tahun 2010 di Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Sumatera Barat]]\n[[Kategori:Tsunami di Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Bencana di Sumatera Barat]]","hash":"47c9d78d8620ef2016e8ff91a81b053888fd5a6b6fd649cfcabb1a8516b97f3a","last_revision":"2024-03-19T06:09:08Z","first_revision":"2024-08-28T01:09:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.781580","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Gempa Bumi Kepulauan Mentawai 2010 terjadi pada 25 Oktober 2010 dengan 7,8 MW gempa Bumi terjadi dilepas pantai Sumatra. Terjadi di lepas pantai Sumatra, Indonesia. United States Geological Survey (USGS) menyatakan gempa terjadi pada pukul 21:42 waktu lokal (14:42 UTC), sekitar sebelah barat Bengkulu, dekat dengan Kepulauan Mentawai. USGS awalnya melaporkan episentrum gempa Bumi terjadi pada kedalaman , tetapi kemudian melaporkan bahwa kedalaman episentrum gempa pada kedalaman . dan kemudian USGS juga awalnya memperkirakan magnitudo gempa 7,7 skala richter sebelum merevisi menjadi 7,8 skala richter.\n\nGempa bumi ini mengakibatkan terangkatnya daerah pesisir Pulau Pagai Selatan, memperbesar pulau-pulau terdekat dan bahkan menghasilkan 6 pulau baru.\n\nBadan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami. Peringatan kemungkinan tsunami disampaikan, tetapi kemudian dicabut setelah kemungkinan ancaman tsunami berlalu. Juru bicara BMKG menyatakan, gempa Bumi dirasakan di kota-kota terdekat, tetapi tidak ada kerusakan maupun korban jiwa yang dilaporkan. BMKG menyatakan bahwa gempa Bumi terjadi dengan kekuatan 7,2 skala richter. Namun, setelah Peringatan dari BMKG dicabut, Tsunami terjadi setinggi 3-10 meter dan setidaknya 77 desa hancur. Berdasarkan Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, gempa menyebabkan sebuah tsunami, yang dilaporkan melanda Resor Selancar Macaronis di Kepulauan Mentawai, yang menghantam dua perahu sewaan. Akibatnya 286 orang dilaporkan tewas dan 252 orang lainnya dilaporkan hilang, hal ini disebabkan terpencilnya lokasi (pulau hanya dapat dijangkau dengan kapal laut) sehingga membuat laporan korban mengalami keterlambatan.\n\n5.0 - 25 Oktober, 15:21:12 UTC 6.1 - 25 Oktober, 19:37:30 UTC 4.9 - 25 Oktober, 22:10:03 UTC 6.2 - 25 Oktober, 22:59:53 UTC\n\nGempa bumi Haiti 2010 Gempa bumi Chili 2010 Gempa bumi Yushu 2010 Daftar gempa bumi di Indonesia\n\nLiputan Khusus Kompas: Gempa Mentawai\n\nKepulauan Mentawai 2010 Kepulauan Mentawai 2010 Kategori:Bencana alam tahun 2010 di Indonesia Kategori:Sejarah Sumatera Barat Kategori:Tsunami di Indonesia Kategori:Bencana di Sumatera Barat\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox earthquake\n| title = Gempa bumi Kepulauan Mentawai 2010\n| timestamp = 2010-10-25 14:42:22\n| local-date = {{Start date|2010|10|25}}\n| local-time = {{tooltip|21:42:22 [[WIB]]}}\n| anss-url = usp000hnj4\n| isc-event = 15264887\n| map = Shakemap October 2010 Indonesia.jpg\n|map2 = {{Location map | Indonesia Sumatra\n| relief = y\n| label =\n| lat = -3.464\n| long = 100.084\n| mark = Bullseye1.png\n| marksize = 40\n| position = top\n| width = 260\n| float = right\n| caption = }}\n|caption =\n| magnitude = 7.8 [[Skala kekuatan Moment|Mw]]\n| depth = {{convert|12,8|mi|km}}\n| location = {{coord|3.464|S|100.084|E|display=inline,title}}
[[Malaysia]]\n| intensity = {{MMI|VII}}\n| tsunami = Ya, hingga 16-20 meter\n| casualties = 408 meninggal + 303 hilang[{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |title=BBC News - Major earthquake strikes off Indonesia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026045356/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":70,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":282122,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.318561-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9228515625},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |title=BBC News - Major earthquake strikes off Indonesia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk 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Major earthquake strikes off Indonesia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026045356/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":285,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":282122,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.318561-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9228515625},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |title=BBC News - Major earthquake strikes off Indonesia |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026045356/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":285,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101026045356/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:19.923793-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |title=Major quake hits Indonesia - World news - Asia-Pacific - msnbc.com |publisher=MSNBC |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105072552/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":362,"name":"msnbc","url":"http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:27.125230-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |title=Major quake hits Indonesia - World news - Asia-Pacific - msnbc.com |publisher=MSNBC |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105072552/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":362,"name":"msnbc","url":"http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:27.125230-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"United States Geological Survey (USGS) menyatakan gempa terjadi pada pukul 21:42 waktu lokal (14:42 UTC), sekitar sebelah barat Bengkulu, dekat dengan Kepulauan Mentawai. USGS awalnya melaporkan episentrum gempa Bumi terjadi pada kedalaman , tetapi kemudian melaporkan bahwa kedalaman episentrum gempa pada kedalaman . dan kemudian USGS juga awalnya memperkirakan magnitudo gempa 7,7 skala richter sebelum merevisi menjadi 7,8 skala richter.","translated_text":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) stated the quake occurred at 21:42 local time (14:42 UTC), about west of Bengkulu, near the Mentawai Islands. The USGS initially reported that the epicenter of the earthquake occurred at depth, but later reported that the depth of the epicenter of the earthquake was at depth. And then the USGS also originally estimated the magnitude of the earthquake to be 7.7 on the Richter scale before revising it to 7.8 on the Richter scale.","citations":[{"content":"[{{ja icon}} [http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html Southern Sumatra Earthquake in 2007, coastal change, GSI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115132203/http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html|date=2007-11-15}}]","char_index":148,"name":null,"url":"http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:27.149109-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{ja icon}} [http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html Southern Sumatra Earthquake in 2007, coastal change, GSI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115132203/http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html|date=2007-11-15}}]","char_index":148,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071115132203/http://cais.gsi.go.jp/Research/topics/topic071001/rgb_e.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:28.202379-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Peringatan kemungkinan tsunami disampaikan, tetapi kemudian dicabut setelah kemungkinan ancaman tsunami berlalu. Juru bicara BMKG menyatakan, gempa Bumi dirasakan di kota-kota terdekat, tetapi tidak ada kerusakan maupun korban jiwa yang dilaporkan. BMKG menyatakan bahwa gempa Bumi terjadi dengan kekuatan 7,2 skala richter.","translated_text":"A tsunami warning was issued, but was later revoked after the tsunami threat had passed. A BMKG spokesman said the earthquake was felt in nearby cities, but no damage or casualties were reported. The BMKG states that the earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |title=Major quake hits Indonesia - World news - Asia-Pacific - msnbc.com |publisher=MSNBC |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2012-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105072552/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/ |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":324,"name":"msnbc","url":"http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39831929/ns/world_news-asiapacific/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:27.125230-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Juru bicara BMKG menyatakan, gempa Bumi dirasakan di kota-kota terdekat, tetapi tidak ada kerusakan maupun korban jiwa yang dilaporkan. BMKG menyatakan bahwa gempa Bumi terjadi dengan kekuatan 7,2 skala richter. Namun, setelah Peringatan dari BMKG dicabut, Tsunami terjadi setinggi 3-10 meter dan setidaknya 77 desa hancur.","translated_text":"A BMKG spokesman said the earthquake was felt in nearby cities, but no damage or casualties were reported. The BMKG states that the earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale. However, after the BMKG Warning was lifted, the Tsunami occurred at a height of 3-10 meters and at least 77 villages were destroyed.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 |title=Tsunami warning relaxed after Indonesia quake |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2020-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106161325/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":"http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:28.274185-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 |title=Tsunami warning relaxed after Indonesia quake |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2020-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106161325/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201106161325/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:28.335424-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"BMKG menyatakan bahwa gempa Bumi terjadi dengan kekuatan 7,2 skala richter. Namun, setelah Peringatan dari BMKG dicabut, Tsunami terjadi setinggi 3-10 meter dan setidaknya 77 desa hancur. Berdasarkan Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, gempa menyebabkan sebuah tsunami, yang dilaporkan melanda Resor Selancar Macaronis di Kepulauan Mentawai, yang menghantam dua perahu sewaan.","translated_text":"The BMKG states that the earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale. However, after the BMKG Warning was lifted, the Tsunami occurred at a height of 3-10 meters and at least 77 villages were destroyed. According to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, the earthquake caused a tsunami, reportedly hitting Macaronis Ski Resort on the Mentawai Islands, that struck two charter boats.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2011-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223221620/http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":206,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:28.406475-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (12 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2011-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223221620/http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110223221620/http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:28.645009-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |author=By the CNN Wire Staff |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2 |title=7.5-magnitude quake strikes off Indonesian coast |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2020-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916130418/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:28.714807-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |author=By the CNN Wire Staff |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2 |title=7.5-magnitude quake strikes off Indonesian coast |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2020-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916130418/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2 |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200916130418/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/25/indonesia.quake/?hpt=T2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:29.162768-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report |title=Tsunami hits Indonesia: report - Yahoo!7 |publisher=Au.news.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028121350/http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":372,"name":null,"url":"http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:29.233871-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report |title=Tsunami hits Indonesia: report - Yahoo!7 |publisher=Au.news.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028121350/http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":372,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101028121350/http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/8196921/tsunami-hits-indonesia-report","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:29.449106-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun, setelah Peringatan dari BMKG dicabut, Tsunami terjadi setinggi 3-10 meter dan setidaknya 77 desa hancur. Berdasarkan Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, gempa menyebabkan sebuah tsunami, yang dilaporkan melanda Resor Selancar Macaronis di Kepulauan Mentawai, yang menghantam dua perahu sewaan. Akibatnya 286 orang dilaporkan tewas dan 252 orang lainnya dilaporkan hilang, hal ini disebabkan terpencilnya lokasi (pulau hanya dapat dijangkau dengan kapal laut) sehingga membuat laporan korban mengalami keterlambatan.","translated_text":"However, after the BMKG Warning was lifted, the Tsunami occurred at a height of 3-10 meters and at least 77 villages were destroyed. According to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, the earthquake caused a tsunami, reportedly hitting Macaronis Ski Resort on the Mentawai Islands, that struck two charter boats. As a result, 286 people were reported killed and 252 others reported missing, due to the remote location (the island can only be reached by sea) which delayed reports of casualties.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101026/ap_on_re_as/as_indonesia_earthquake |title=Indonesia tsunami kills 113; scores more missing - Yahoo! 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+{"title":"Wikipedia:Catatan atas","wikicode":"{{pintas|WP:HATNOTE}}\n{{pedoman}}\n{{terjemah}}\n'''Catatan atas''' ({{lang-en|hatnote}}, \"catatan topi\") adalah catatan pendek yang ditempatkan di bagian atas sebuah artikel, biasanya untuk memberikan pranala menuju artikel lain yang memiliki nama yang sama atau halaman disambiguasi. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang metode penciptaan artikel disambiguasi artikel, lihat [[Wikipedia: Disambiguasi]].\n\n== Format ==\nDalam kebanyakan kasus, catatan atas harus dibuat menggunakan template disambiguasi standar (seperti yang dijelaskan di [[#Templat catatan atas|bawah]]). Hal ini memungkinkan bentuk dan strukturnya berubah secara seragam dari waktu ke waktu. Saat ini, masing-masing catatan harus dicetak miring dan menjorok, tanpa sebuah ''bullet'' sebelum item. Sebuah garis pemisah horisontal tidak boleh ditempatkan di bawah catatan, atau setelah item terakhir dalam daftar.\n\n== Letak ==\nCatatan atas ditempatkan di bagian paling atas dari artikel, sebelum dari item-item lainnya seperti gambar, templat navigasi dan templat pemeliharaan (misalnya templat \"rapikan\", \"unreferenced\", dan \"POV\").\n\n=== Catatan atas berposisi diatas tag/templat pemeliharaan ===\nSelalu letakkan ''catatan atas/hatnote'' berada diatas apapun, termasuk templat pemeliharaan.\n{{Cot|Contoh |bg2=white|b-color=#000000|bg=#G0F2F5|collapse=no}}\n\n{{disambiginfo|{{PAGENAME}}|Id (disambiguasi)}}\n{{redirect|RI}}\n{{refimprove|date=Juni 2018}}\n'''Republik Indonesia''' ('''RI''') atau '''Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia''' ('''NKRI'''), atau lebih umum disebut '''Indonesia''', adalah negara di [[Asia Tenggara]] yang dilintasi garis [[khatulistiwa]] dan berada di antara daratan benua [[Asia]] dan [[Australia]], serta antara [[Samudra Pasifik]] dan [[Samudra Hindia]]..............................\n\n\n{{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|title=Tampilan hasil|ta1=center|expanded=true}}\n\n{{disambiginfo|{{PAGENAME}}|Id (disambiguasi)}}\n{{redirect|RI}}\n{{refimprove|date=Juni 2018}}\n'''Republik Indonesia''' ('''RI''') atau '''Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia''' ('''NKRI'''), atau lebih umum disebut '''Indonesia''', adalah negara di [[Asia Tenggara]] yang dilintasi garis [[khatulistiwa]] dan berada di antara daratan benua [[Asia]] dan [[Australia]], serta antara [[Samudra Pasifik]] dan [[Samudra Hindia]]...........................\n
\n{{hidden end}}\n{{cob}}\n\n== Contoh penggunaan yang tepat ==\n=== Dua artikel dengan judul yang sama ===\nBila dua artikel memiliki judul yang sama, kecuali yang satu adalah disambiguasi dan yang lainnya tidak, artikel non-disambiguasi harus memuat sebuah catatan atas dengan pranala ke artikel lain. Hal ini tidak perlu dibuat sebuah halaman disambiguasi terpisah. Templat {{tl|tentang}} mungkin dapat digunakan dalam hal ini.\n\n=== Pranala ke halaman disambiguasi ===\nBila sebuah istilah memiliki sebuah makna utama dan dua atau lebih makna tambahan, maka catatan atas pada halaman topik utama harus diberi pranala ke halaman disambiguasi. Dalam hal ini bisa gunakan templat {{tl|disambiginfo}}.\n\n== Contoh penggunaan yang tidak tepat ==\n{{sect-stub|kat=no}}\n\n== Templat catatan atas ==\n{{lihat|Bantuan:Catatan atas}}\n{{for|templat pemeliharaan|Wikipedia:Templat/Pemeliharaan|Bantuan:Pelepasan templat pemeliharaan}}\n{{hidden begin|title={{tlx|lihat}}|bg1=wheat|border = 1px solid grey|extra1 = font-size:larger;}}\n;Keterangan\n{{tlx|lihat}}, adalah templat yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan kepada halaman lain dengan penjelasan yang lebih luas.\n;Tampilan\nBiasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{lihat|namaartikel}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\n{{lihat|namaartikel}}\n
\n;Templat alias\nDalam [[Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia]], templat ini memiliki templat alias seperti {{tl|see}}.\n{{Hidden end}}\n{{hidden begin|title={{tlx|artikel}}|bg1=wheat|border = 1px solid grey|extra1 = font-size:larger;}}\n;Keterangan\n{{tlx|artikel}}, adalah templat yang digunakan pada bagian halaman untuk mengarahkan ke artikel utama.\n;Tampilan\nBiasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{artikel|namaartikel}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\n{{artikel|namaartikel}}\n
\n;Templat alias\nDalam [[Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia]], templat ini memiliki templat alias seperti {{tl|utama}} / {{tl|main}}\n{{Hidden end}}\n{{hidden begin|title={{tlx|tentang}}|bg1=wheat|border = 1px solid grey|extra1 = font-size:larger;}}\n;Keterangan\n{{tlx|tentang}}, adalah templat yang digunakan pada halaman-halaman untuk memperjelas lingkup topiknya.\n;Tampilan\nBiasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{Tentang|apa|hal lain|hal lain apa}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\n{{Tentang|apa|hal lain|hal lain apa}}\n
\n{{Hidden end}}\n{{hidden begin|title={{tlx|other uses}}|bg1=wheat|border = 1px solid grey|extra1 = font-size:larger;}}\n;Keterangan\n{{tlx|other uses}}, adalah templat yang digunakan untuk memberi informasi di bagian atas suatu halaman mengenai kemungkinan lain penggunaan istilah atau kata yang sama.\n;Tampilan\nBiasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{other uses|namaartikel}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\n{{other uses|namaartikel}}\n
\n;Templat alias\nDalam [[Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia]], templat ini memiliki templat alias seperti {{tl|Disambig info}}\n{{Hidden end}}\n{{hidden begin|title={{tlx|Redirect}}|bg1=wheat|border = 1px solid grey|extra1 = font-size:larger;}}\n;Keterangan\n{{tlx|Redirect}}, adalah templat yang digunakan untuk memberi informasi di bagian atas suatu halaman mengenai kemungkinan lain penggunaan istilah atau kata yang sama.\n;Tampilan\nBiasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{Redirect|ARTIKEL}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\n{{Redirect|ARTIKEL}}\n
\n{{Hidden end}}\n\n== Penggunaan lua ==\n* [[Modul:Hatnote]]\n{{sect-stub}}\n\n{{Navbox Gabungan Pedoman WBI}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bantuan Wikipedia|Wikipedia ]]","hash":"b18c61278b641b30c6698295b92537f935478bcae35a4bcf4f094b834877aeaf","last_revision":"2023-10-26T15:25:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T03:55:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.841808","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ويكيبيديا:ملاحظة في الترويسة","as":"ৱিকিপিডিয়া:উৰ্দ্ধটীকা","azb":"ویکیپدیا:باشلیق","bn":"উইকিপিডিয়া:উর্ধ্বটীকা","ckb":"ویکیپیدیا:سەرنووس","en":"Wikipedia:Hatnote","fa":"ویکیپدیا:سرنویس","ilo":"Wikipedia:Hatnote","ja":"Wikipedia:ハットノート","nb":"Wikipedia:Maler/Hattnotis","pa":"ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Hatnote","pt":"Wikipédia:Notas de cabeçalho","si":"විකිපීඩියා:Hatnote","simple":"Wikipedia:Hatnote","sr":"Википедија:Уводне напомене","uk":"Вікіпедія:Верхня примітка","vi":"Wikipedia:Ghi chú đầu trang","zh":"Wikipedia:頂註"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Catatan atas (, \"catatan topi\") adalah catatan pendek yang ditempatkan di bagian atas sebuah artikel, biasanya untuk memberikan pranala menuju artikel lain yang memiliki nama yang sama atau halaman disambiguasi. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang metode penciptaan artikel disambiguasi artikel, lihat Wikipedia: Disambiguasi.\n\nDalam kebanyakan kasus, catatan atas harus dibuat menggunakan template disambiguasi standar (seperti yang dijelaskan di bawah). Hal ini memungkinkan bentuk dan strukturnya berubah secara seragam dari waktu ke waktu. Saat ini, masing-masing catatan harus dicetak miring dan menjorok, tanpa sebuah bullet sebelum item. Sebuah garis pemisah horisontal tidak boleh ditempatkan di bawah catatan, atau setelah item terakhir dalam daftar.\n\nCatatan atas ditempatkan di bagian paling atas dari artikel, sebelum dari item-item lainnya seperti gambar, templat navigasi dan templat pemeliharaan (misalnya templat \"rapikan\", \"unreferenced\", dan \"POV\").\n\nSelalu letakkan catatan atas/hatnote berada diatas apapun, termasuk templat pemeliharaan.\n\nRepublik Indonesia (RI) atau Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), atau lebih umum disebut Indonesia, adalah negara di Asia Tenggara yang dilintasi garis khatulistiwa dan berada di antara daratan benua Asia dan Australia, serta antara Samudra Pasifik dan Samudra Hindia...........................\n\nBila dua artikel memiliki judul yang sama, kecuali yang satu adalah disambiguasi dan yang lainnya tidak, artikel non-disambiguasi harus memuat sebuah catatan atas dengan pranala ke artikel lain. Hal ini tidak perlu dibuat sebuah halaman disambiguasi terpisah. Templat mungkin dapat digunakan dalam hal ini.\n\nBila sebuah istilah memiliki sebuah makna utama dan dua atau lebih makna tambahan, maka catatan atas pada halaman topik utama harus diberi pranala ke halaman disambiguasi. Dalam hal ini bisa gunakan templat .\n\nKeterangan , adalah templat yang digunakan untuk mengarahkan kepada halaman lain dengan penjelasan yang lebih luas. Tampilan Biasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{lihat|namaartikel}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\nTemplat alias Dalam Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia, templat ini memiliki templat alias seperti .\n\nKeterangan , adalah templat yang digunakan pada bagian halaman untuk mengarahkan ke artikel utama. Tampilan Biasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{artikel|namaartikel}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\nTemplat alias Dalam Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia, templat ini memiliki templat alias seperti /\n\nKeterangan , adalah templat yang digunakan pada halaman-halaman untuk memperjelas lingkup topiknya. Tampilan Biasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{Tentang|apa|hal lain|hal lain apa}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\nKeterangan , adalah templat yang digunakan untuk memberi informasi di bagian atas suatu halaman mengenai kemungkinan lain penggunaan istilah atau kata yang sama. Tampilan Biasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{other uses|namaartikel}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\nTemplat alias Dalam Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia, templat ini memiliki templat alias seperti\n\nKeterangan , adalah templat yang digunakan untuk memberi informasi di bagian atas suatu halaman mengenai kemungkinan lain penggunaan istilah atau kata yang sama. Tampilan Biasanya ditampilkan oleh penggunaan kode {{Redirect|ARTIKEL}}, dan tampilan hasil pada saat membaca halaman/artikel adalah seperti:\n\nModul:Hatnote\n\nWikipedia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Catatan atas (, \"catatan topi\") adalah catatan pendek yang ditempatkan di bagian atas sebuah artikel, biasanya untuk memberikan pranala menuju artikel lain yang memiliki nama yang sama atau halaman disambiguasi.","translated_text":"An upper note (, \"cap note\") is a short note placed at the top of an article, usually to link to another article with the same name or a disambiguated page.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang metode penciptaan artikel disambiguasi artikel, lihat Wikipedia: Disambiguasi.","translated_text":"For more information on the method of creating article disambiguation articles, see Wikipedia: Disambiguation.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Format","translated_text":"The format","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam kebanyakan kasus, catatan atas harus dibuat menggunakan template disambiguasi standar (seperti yang dijelaskan di bawah).","translated_text":"In most cases, the above notes must be made using a standard disambiguation template (as described below).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini memungkinkan bentuk dan strukturnya berubah secara seragam dari waktu ke waktu.","translated_text":"This allows its shape and structure to change uniformly over time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini, masing-masing catatan harus dicetak miring dan menjorok, tanpa sebuah bullet sebelum item.","translated_text":"Currently, each note must be printed inclined and pointed, 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templates).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan atas berposisi diatas tag/templat pemeliharaan","translated_text":"The upper note is positioned above the maintenance tag/template","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selalu letakkan catatan atas/hatnote berada diatas apapun, termasuk templat pemeliharaan.","translated_text":"Always put a note on top of everything, including the maintenance template.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"preformatted","content":"\n{{disambiginfo|{{PAGENAME}}|Id (disambiguasi)}}\n{{redirect|RI}}\n{{refimprove|date=Juni 2018}}\n'''Republik Indonesia''' ('''RI''') atau '''Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia''' ('''NKRI'''), atau lebih umum disebut '''Indonesia''', adalah negara di [[Asia Tenggara]] yang dilintasi garis [[khatulistiwa]] dan berada di antara daratan benua [[Asia]] dan [[Australia]], serta 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+{"title":"Spurgeon","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Charles Spurgeon]]","hash":"4487f1b6e2e0b95ce6848ae984dece0a3048cdd3bcfc0b46c778ea9f144e0578","last_revision":"2010-10-26T05:02:03Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T05:02:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.914345","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Charles Spurgeon\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Charles Spurgeon","translated_text":"By Charles Spurgeon","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bombardier CRJ700","wikicode":"{{Infobox Aircraft\n |name= CRJ700 / CRJ900
CRJ1000 NextGen\n |logo =\n |image=File:Delta Bombardier 20071027.jpg\n |caption=CRJ700 [[Delta Connection]]\n |type=[[Pesawat penumpang regional]]\n |national origin = [[Kanada]]\n |manufacturer= [[Bombardier Aerospace]]\n |designer=\n |first flight = 1999\n |introduction = 2001\n |retired=\n |status = Aktif dalam produksi\n |primary user= [[SkyWest Airlines]][\n |more users=[[Mesa Airlines]] ]
[[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]]
[[Mesaba Airlines]]
[[Garuda Indonesia]]\n |produced =\n |number built =537 pada April 2010[{{Cite web |url=http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/BA-CRJ_Series_Program_Status.pdf |title=Program Status Report - Bombardier CRJ Series |access-date=2009-07-06 |archive-date=2009-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706084613/http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/BA-CRJ_Series_Program_Status.pdf |dead-url=yes }}]\n |unit cost =US$24-39.7 juta pada tahun 2006\n |developed from=[[Bombardier CRJ200]]\n |variants with their own articles =\n}}\n\n'''Bombardier CRJ700''', '''CRJ900''', dan '''CRJ1000''' adalah [[pesawat penumpang regional]] yang berbasis dari pesawat [[Bombardier CRJ200]]. Perakitan akhir dari pesawat ini dilakukan di [[Bandar Udara Internasional Montréal-Mirabel]] di [[Mirabel, Quebec]], di luar kota [[Montreal]], [[Kanada]].[{{Cite web |url=http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |title=Aero India 2007 Bombardier CRJ900 |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2013-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |dead-url=yes }}]\n\n== Pengembangan ==\nMengikuti suksesnya seri CRJ100/200, [[Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier]] memproduksi varian yang lebih besar untuk bersaing dengan pesawat regional yang lebih besar seperti keluarga [[Embraer E-Jets]], seri [[Fokker F100|Fokker 70/100]] dan keluarga [[BAe 146|BAe 146/Avro RJ]].\n\n=== CRJ700 ===\n[[Berkas:CRJ700 (Horizon Air).jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Horizon Air]] CRJ700]]\n\n''CRJ700'' adalah perpanjangan 66-78 kursi yang diambil dari CRJ200, dengan 70 kursi sebagai konfigurasi yang paling umum. CRJ700 dilengkapi dengan sayap baru dengan sudut flap yang tinggi dan perpanjangan dan sedikit pelebaran lambung, dengan lantai yang lebih rendah. Pesawat ini dilengkapi dengan mesin [[GE Aircraft Engines|General Electric]] [[General Electric CF34|CF34-8C1]]. kecepatan maksimumnya adalah Mach 0.85 (556 mil per jam) pada ketinggian maksimum 41,000 ft (12,500 m). Bergantung terhadap muatan, CRJ700 dapat terbang hingga 2,250 mil (3,620 km) dengan mesin awal, dan varian baru dengan mesin [[General Electric CF34|CF34-8C5]] dapat terbang sejauh 2,895 mil (4,660 km).\n\n[[Berkas:D-ACPF 2006-07-05 3927.jpg|jmpl|[[Lufthansa]] CRJ701 ER]]\n\nCRJ700 hadir dalam tiga versi: seri 700, seri 701, dan seri 702. Seri 700 dibatasi hingga 68 penumpang, seri 701 menampung 70 penumpang, dan seri 702 dapat menampung 78 penumpang. CRJ700 juga memiliki tiga pilihan kapasitas berat dan bahan bakar: standard, ER, dan LR. Versi ER meningkatkan kapasitas bahan bakar dan berat maksimum, yang akhirnya meningkatkan jarak tempuh. Sedangkan versi LR meningkatkan hal tersebut jauh lebih besar.\n\nPenerbangan perdana dilakukan pada tahun 1999 dan masuk dalam layanan tahun 2001. Sertifikasi tipe pesawat dari FAA adalah '''CL-600-2C10'''.[{{Cite web |url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf |title=FAA Type Certificate |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075538/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf |dead-url=yes }}] Maskapai pertama yang memakai CRJ700 adalah [[Brit Air]] tahun 2001.\n\nCRJ-700 bersaing secara langsung dengan [[Embraer 170]], yang memiliki kapasitas 70 penumpang. Namun, CRJ-700 10% lebih efektif dalam biaya operasi dibandingkan E-170.\n\nTahun 2008, CRJ700 digantikan dengan CRJ700 NextGen, dilengkapi kabin yang lebih ekonomis dan baru yang sama dengan CRJ900 NextGen dan CRJ1000 NextGen.\n\n=== CRJ705 ===\n[[Berkas:AC Jazz CRJ705 YQR.jpg|ka|jmpl|Air Canada Jazz CRJ-705]]\n\n''Seri 705'' berbasis dari CRJ900, dengan satu kelas bisnis dan pengurangan kapasitas tempat duduk maksimum agar bisa dioperasikan oleh maskapai penerbangan regional. Kapasitas seri 705 adalah 75 penumpang. Beberapa maskapai regional memiliki kontrak dengan maskapai besar yang membatasi kapasitas penumpang maksimum dari pesawat yang dioperasikan. [[Air Canada Jazz]] adalah pemakai pertama untuk pesawat ini tahun 2005 dengan 10 kelas bisnis dan 65 kelas ekonomi. Sertifikasi tipe dari FAA memberikan kode '''CL-600-2D15''' untuk pesawat ini. Air Canada Jazz mengoperasikan 16 pesawat seri 705.\n\n=== CRJ900 ===\n[[Berkas:lufthansa cityline crj900lr d-acke takeoff london heathrow arp.jpg|jmpl|[[Lufthansa CityLine]] Bombardier CRJ900LR (2010)]]\n\n''CRJ900'' adalah versi perpanjangan berkapasitas 76-90 kursi dari CRJ700. Pesawat menggunakan mesin GE CF34-8C5, bertenaga {{convert|13360|lbf|abbr=on}} denagn APR, dan tambahan sayap pengendali. Berat maksimum kotor lepas landas adalah 84,500 pon. Pesawat diambil dari basis CRJ200 dengan sedikit pengembangan besar. Paket pengembangan sangat memperhatikan pemanfaatan lingkungan. Kabin memiliki kipas sirkulasi yang membantu pendinginan dan penghangatan. Mesin dikontrol oleh kontrol mesin digital [[FADEC]] daripada menggunakan kabel dan menggunakan unit kontrol bahan bakar. Lantai kabin diturunkan sebesar 2 in dinama dapat menambah visibilitasdari jendela di kabinkarena jendela lebih dekat le ketinggian mata. APU menjadi unit dari General Electric yang menyediakan udara lebih banyak ke dalam paket AC dan memiliki batasan lebih tinggi untuk penyalaan dan penggunaan di ketinggian. Bentang sayap lebih lebar, ekor didesain ulang dengan bentang lebih lebar dan penyeimbang di bawah. Dalam penggunaan umum CRJ900 dapat terbang lebih tinggi 8-10,000 ft dengan konsumsi bahan bakar sedikit lebih besar dan kecepatan jelajah rata-rata sebesar 450-500 knot, pengembangan signifikan dari pendahulunya. Kode Sertifikasi Tipe FAA untuk pesawat ini adalah '''CL-600-2D24'''.\n\n[[Berkas:Crj900-sas.jpg|jmpl|kiri|[[Scandinavian Airlines]] CRJ900]]\n\nPesawat CRJ900 (C-FRJX) pertama merupakan modifikasi dari CRJ700 dengan memberi tambahan perpanjangan lambung di bagian depan dan belakan sayap; yang kemudian diubah di prototip CRJ1000 dengan menambahkan lambung yang lebih panjang.[http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=C-FRJX Photos of C-FRJX in its various incarnations as first prototypes of the CRJ-700, CRJ-900 and CRJ-1000] CRJ900 bersaing dengan [[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer 175]], dan lebih efisien per mil per kursi, menurut Bombardier.\n\nTahun 2007, Bombardier meluncurkan CRJ900 NextGen untuk menggantikan versi awal. Model baru ini lebih ekonomis dan memiliki kabin baru seperti CRJ700 NextGen and CRJ1000 NextGen. [[Mesaba Aviation]], saat itu beroperasi sebagai Northwest Airlink (sekarang [[Delta Connection]]), adalah pemakai pertama, dan masih menjadi pemakai terbesar untuk CRJ900 NextGen. Armada Mesaba merupakan pesawat CRJ900 NextGen dengan konfigurasi dua kelas, dengan 12 kelas pertama dan 64 kelas ekonomi.\n\n[[Comair]], terbang sebagai [[Delta Connection]], telah memesan 14 CRJ900, dimana sedikitnya 6 telah masuk dalam armada pada Nov 2007.[[http://www.comair.com/comair/cdc.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=cdc_pg_0021&newsNodeId=%2FComairDotComRepository%2Fcdc%2Fnews%2FCRJ900 Comair - Flying First Class with New Aircraft]. Comair.com. Accessed 26 November 2007.] Mereka menggunakan konfigurasi dua kelas, dengan 12 kelas pertama dan 64 kelas ekonomi. Hal ini dilakukan karena pembatasan kontrak oleh Delta dengan para pilot yang membatasi penerbangan regional maksimum dengan pesawat 76 kursi.\n\nPada Juli 2008 [[PLUNA]] menerima pesawat kelimanya (dari total 7 pesanan). [[Estonian Air]] memesan 3 pesawat baru CRJ900 NextGen 90 kursi. Juga [[Scandinavian Airlines System|SAS]] memesan 13 pesawat pada Maret 2008. [[Iraqi Airways]] telah memesan enam pesawat six Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen dan opsi untuk empat pesawat dalam jenis yang sama.[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/13/222199/up-to-10-crj900-nextgen-aircraft-destined-for-iraq.html]\n\nPada Juni 2010 [[Lufthansa]] memesan delapan CRJ900 NextGen.[{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html|work=CBC News|title=Bombardier gets $317M jet order|date=2 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705104730/http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html|archivedate=2010-07-05|access-date=2010-10-26|dead-url=no}}]\n\n=== CRJ1000 NextGen ===\n[[Berkas:PK-GRC.jpg|jmpl|Bombardier CRJ1000 milik [[Garuda Indonesia]]]]\n[[Berkas:C-FRJX CRJ 1000.jpg|jmpl|CRJ 1000 di Paine Field]]\n\nPada 19 Februari 2007, Bombardier meluncurkan ''CRJ1000'', sebelumnya didesain sebagai CRJ900X, perpanjangan dari CRJ900, dengan tempat duduk hingga 100 kursi. Bombardier menyatakan bahwa pesawat ini meyediakan performa lebih tinggi dan keuntungan lebih besar tiap tempat duduk dibandingkan dengan pesaingnya [[Embraer E-Jets|Embraer E-190]].\n\n[[MyAir]] telah memesan 15 CRJ900X yang diganti menjadi CRJ1000, tetapi maskapai ini bangkrut pada 24 Jul 2009.[[http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=/en/0_0/0_0_1_7/0_0_1_7_4/0_0_1_7_4_2/crj1000_update.html Bombardier Aerospace Launches 100-Seat CRJ1000 Regional Jet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513182856/http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=%2Fen%2F0_0%2F0_0_1_7%2F0_0_1_7_4%2F0_0_1_7_4_2%2Fcrj1000_update.html |date=2012-05-13 }}. Bombardier.com. Accessed 19 February 2007.] [[Atlasjet]] juga menyatakan tertarik dengan jenis pesawat ini.[[[Flight International]], 3–9 October 2006]\n\nCRJ1000 sukses menyelesaikan penerbangan perdana tahun 2008. Namun, Bombardier menyatakan bahwa penerbangan komersial pertama ditunda hingga kuartal pertama 2010. tanggal 14 Juni 2009 Bombardier mengumumkan pesanan pasti untuk 15 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen yang dilakukan oleh [[Air Nostrum]], untuk total 35 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen. Sudah diperoleh 49 pesanan pasti dan 4 opsi untuk pesawat ini pada Agustus 2009.[[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/11/330867/bombardier-terminates-myairs-15-strong-crj1000-order.html]. Flight Global, 11 August 2009.]\n\n''Airframe'' menyelesaikan penerbangan produksi pertama pada 28 Juli 2009 di Montreal; pada saat itu dijadwalkan pengiriman pertama pada kuartal pertama 2010.[[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/28/330269/production-crj1000-successfully-completes-first-flight.html]] Namun, satu bulan setelah penerbangan perdana, kesalahan pada penyeimbang bawah memaksa uji coba penerbangan dihentikan. Program tidak dilanjutkan hingga Februari 2010, dan pengiriman ditunda hingga pertengahan kedua 2011.[{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/03/17/339596/bombardier-resumes-crj1000-flight-tests.html|title=Bombardier resumes CRJ1000 flight tests|publisher=Flightglobal.com|date=17 March 2010|accessdate=17 March 2010}}]\n\n== Operator ==\n{{see|Daftar operator Bombardier CRJ}}\n\nPada Juli 2010, 316 pesawat CRJ700 (semua varian) dan 229 pesawat CRJ900 (semua varian) ada di dalam penerbangan. Operator untuk pesawat tersebut adalah [[SkyWest Airlines]] (104), [[Mesa Airlines]] (58), [[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]] (49), [[Mesaba Airlines]] (41), [[Lufthansa CityLine]] (32), [[Comair]] (28), [[American Eagle Airlines]] (25), [[GoJet Airlines]] (25), dan operator lain dengan pesawat yang lebih sedikit.[[http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID=35827 \"World Airliner Census\"]. ''[[Flight International]]'', p. 40. August 24–30, 2010.] \n\n== Spesifikasi ==\n{| class=wikitable style=\"text-align: center;\"\n|-\n! Varian\n! CRJ700\n! CRJ705\n! CRJ900\n! CRJ1000\n|- \n! Kru kokpit\n| colspan=\"4\" align=\"center\" | Dua\n|-\n! Kapasitas kursi\n| 78 (1 kelas, maksimum)
70 (1 class, umum)
66 (2 kelas, umum)\n| 74 (1 kelas, umum)
75 (2 kelas, umum)\n| 86-90 (1 kelas, umum)\n| 100 (1 kelas, umum)\n|-\n! Panjang\n| 32.51 m (106 ft 8 in)\n| colspan=2 | 36.40 m (119 ft 4 in)\n| 39.13 m (128 ft 4.7 in)\n|-\n! Bentang sayap\n| 23.24 m (76 ft 3 in)\n| colspan=2 | 24.85 m (81 ft 6 in)\n| 26.18 m (85 ft 10.6 in)\n|-\n! Tinggi\n| 7.57 m (24 ft 10 in)\n| colspan=2 | 7.51 m (24 ft 7 in)\n| 7.50 m (24 ft 6 in)\n|-\n! Luas sayap\n| colspan=3 | 70.61 m² (760 ft²)\n| 77.4 m² (833 ft²)\n|-\n! Diameter lambung\n| colspan=4 | 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)\n|-\n!Lebar kabin maksimum\n| colspan=4 | 2.57 m (8 ft 5 in)\n|-\n!Tinggi kabin\n| colspan=4 | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 in)\n|- \n! Berat kosong operasi\n| {{convert|19731|kg|lb|abbr=on}}\n| colspan=2 | {{convert|21433|kg|lb|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|23179|kg|lb|abbr=on}}\n|-\n! Berat tanpa bahan bakar maksimum (ZFW)\n| 28,259 kg (62,300 lb)
LR: 28,801 kg (63,495 lb)\n| colspan=2 | 31,751 kg (70,000 lb)
LR: 32,024 kg (70,600 lb)\n| 35,154 kg (77,500 lb)\n|-\n! Berat maksimum lepas landas (MTOW)\n| 32,999 kg (72,750 lb)
ER: 34,019 kg (75,000 lb)
LR: 34,926 kg (77,000 lb)\n| colspan=2 | 36,504 kg (80,500 lb)
ER: 37,421 kg (82,500 lb)
LR: 38,330 kg (84,500 lb)\n| EuroLite: 38,995 kg (85,968 lb)
40,824 kg (90,000 lb)
ER: 41,632 kg (91,800 lb)\n|-\n! Berat muatan maksimum \n| 8,527 kg (18,800 lb)
LR: 9,070 kg (19,995 lb)\n| colspan=2 | 10,319 kg (22,750 lb)
LR: 10,591 kg (23,350 lb)\n| 12,156 kg (26,800 lb)\n|-\n! Kapasitas kargo\n| {{convert|15.5|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}\n| colspan=2 | {{convert|16.8|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|19.4|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}\n|- \n! Panjang landasan saat MTOW ([[International standard atmosphere|ISA]])\n| {{convert|1564|m|ft|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|1676|m|ft|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1851|m|ft|abbr=on}}\n| colspan=2 | {{convert|1778|m|ft|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|1861|m|ft|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1944|m|ft|abbr=on}}\n| EuroLite: {{convert|1822|m|ft|abbr=on}}
{{convert|1996|m|ft|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|2079|m|ft|abbr=on}}\n|-\n! Ketinggian jelajah\n| colspan=4 | 12,500 m (41,000 ft)\n|-\n! Kecepatan jelajah\n| Mach 0.78 (829 km/h, 515 mph)\n| Mach 0.78 (829 km/h, 515 mph)\n| Mach 0.80 (850 km/h, 528 mph)\n| Mach 0.78 (829 km/h, 515 mph)\n|-\n! Kecepatan maksimum\n| Mach 0.825 (876 km/h, 544 mph)\n| Mach 0.83 (885 km/h, 559 mph)\n| Mach 0.83 (881 km/h, 547 mph)\n| Mach 0.82 (870 km/h, 541 mph)\n|-\n! Jarak maksimum\n| {{convert|1434|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
ER: {{convert|1732|nmi|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|2002|nmi|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|1719|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
ER: {{convert|1963|nmi|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1999|nmi|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|1350|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
ER: {{convert|1593|nmi|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1828|nmi|abbr=on}}\n| EuroLite: {{convert|1030|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
{{convert|1491|nmi|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|1691|nmi|abbr=on}}\n|- \n! Bahan bakar maksimum\n| colspan=4 | {{convert|8822|kg|abbr=on}} \n|-\n! Mesin (2x)\n| [[General Electric CF34|GE CF34-8C5B1]]\n| [[General Electric CF34|GE CF34-8C5]]\n| GE CF34-8C5\n| [[General Electric CF34|GE CF34-8C5A1]]\n|-\n! Tenaga lepas landas (2x)\n| 56.4 kN (12,670 lbf)\n| 58.4 kN (13,123 lbf)\n| 59.4 kN (13,360 lbf)\n| 60.6 kN (13,630 lbf)\n|-\n! Tenaga APR (2x)\n| 61.3 kN (13,790 lbf)\n| 63.4 kN (14,255 lbf)\n| 64.5 kN (14,510 lbf)\n| 64.5 kN (14,510 lbf)\n|}\nSumber: CRJ700,[[http://www.crj700.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=700 CRJ700 Specifications]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Bombardier][[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082703/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_700_Factsheet.pdf CRJ700 NextGen Fact Sheet]. Bombardier, June 2009.][[http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ700_EN.pdf CRJ700 NextGen Fact Sheet]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at crjnextgen.com] CRJ705,[[http://www.crj700.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=705 CRJ705 Specifications]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Bombardier] CRJ900,[[http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 CRJ900 Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091936/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 |date=2010-10-11 }}. Bombardier][[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_900_Factsheet.pdf CRJ900 NextGen Fact Sheet]. Bombardier, June 2009.][[http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ900_EN.pdf CRJ900 NextGen Fact Sheet]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at crjnextgen.com] CRJ1000[[https://web.archive.org/web/20091229112709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_1000_Factsheet.pdf CRJ1000 NextGen Fact Sheet]. Bombardier, June 2009.][[http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ1000_EN.pdf CRJ1000 NextGen Fact Sheet]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at crjnextgen.com][[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/canada/crj1000.htm Bombardier CRJ1000] at globalsecurity.org][[http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/runway-girl/2008/07/meet-the-bombardier-crj1000-eu.html Meet the Bombardier CRJ1000 EuroLite] at flightglobal.com]
\nNotes:\n* Delta Connection CRJ900 berkapasitas 76 penumpang dan empat kru dengan konfigurasi gabungan dua kelas.[[http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/aircraft_types_layout/crj_900/index.jsp Canadair Regional Jet 900 (CRJ)]]\n* Informasi pada CRJ1000 dapat berubah.\n\n== Pesanan dan pengiriman ==\n{| style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 97%;\" class=\"wikitable\"\n|- bgcolor=\"#DDDD\"\n!Seri model\n!Pesanan\n!Pengiriman\n!Belum dikirim\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ700|| 328 || 287 || 41\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ705|| 16 || 16 || -\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ900|| 248 || 234 || 14\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ1000|| 49 || 18 || 31\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n| Total || 641 || 537 || 104\n|}\n\nSemua data diperoleh pada 30 April 2010.[\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons|Bombardier CRJ}}\n* [http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp Bombardier CRJ page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp |date=2007-06-21 }}\n* [http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/index.html Bombardier CRJ NextGen page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061002/http://crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/index.html |date=2010-02-09 }}\n\n{{Bombardier aircraft}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang Bombardier]]\n[[Kategori:Bombardier Aerospace]]","hash":"b70935a9cf2fe98e1aae4a287b9bc487cb8cce83c3fe6aaf861d7b34f58ea386","last_revision":"2023-02-23T23:53:35Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T05:57:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:37.972377","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Bombardier CRJ700","ar":"بومباردييه سي آر جيه 700","cs":"Bombardier CRJ700","en":"Bombardier CRJ700 series","es":"Bombardier CRJ700/900/1000","fa":"بمباردیه سیآرجی ۷۰۰/۹۰۰","fi":"Bombardier CRJ 700","fr":"Bombardier CRJ700","gl":"Bombardier CRJ700/900/1000","he":"בומברדייה CRJ700","hr":"Bombardier CRJ700","jv":"Bombardier CRJ700","ko":"봄바디어 CRJ700 시리즈","mr":"बॉम्बार्डिये सी.आर.जे. ७००","pl":"Bombardier CRJ-700","pt":"Bombardier CRJ700","ru":"Bombardier CRJ700","sk":"Bombardier CRJ700 series","sv":"Bombardier CRJ700/900/1000","th":"บอมบาร์ดิเอร์ ซีอาร์เจ700 ซีรีย์","tr":"Bombardier CRJ700 serisi","vi":"Bombardier CRJ700","zh":"庞巴迪CRJ700系列"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Bombardier CRJ700, CRJ900, dan CRJ1000 adalah pesawat penumpang regional yang berbasis dari pesawat Bombardier CRJ200. Perakitan akhir dari pesawat ini dilakukan di Bandar Udara Internasional Montréal-Mirabel di Mirabel, Quebec, di luar kota Montreal, Kanada.\n\nMengikuti suksesnya seri CRJ100/200, Bombardier memproduksi varian yang lebih besar untuk bersaing dengan pesawat regional yang lebih besar seperti keluarga Embraer E-Jets, seri Fokker 70/100 dan keluarga BAe 146/Avro RJ.\n\nCRJ700 adalah perpanjangan 66-78 kursi yang diambil dari CRJ200, dengan 70 kursi sebagai konfigurasi yang paling umum. CRJ700 dilengkapi dengan sayap baru dengan sudut flap yang tinggi dan perpanjangan dan sedikit pelebaran lambung, dengan lantai yang lebih rendah. Pesawat ini dilengkapi dengan mesin General Electric CF34-8C1. kecepatan maksimumnya adalah Mach 0.85 (556 mil per jam) pada ketinggian maksimum 41,000 ft (12,500 m). Bergantung terhadap muatan, CRJ700 dapat terbang hingga 2,250 mil (3,620 km) dengan mesin awal, dan varian baru dengan mesin CF34-8C5 dapat terbang sejauh 2,895 mil (4,660 km).\n\nCRJ700 hadir dalam tiga versi: seri 700, seri 701, dan seri 702. Seri 700 dibatasi hingga 68 penumpang, seri 701 menampung 70 penumpang, dan seri 702 dapat menampung 78 penumpang. CRJ700 juga memiliki tiga pilihan kapasitas berat dan bahan bakar: standard, ER, dan LR. Versi ER meningkatkan kapasitas bahan bakar dan berat maksimum, yang akhirnya meningkatkan jarak tempuh. Sedangkan versi LR meningkatkan hal tersebut jauh lebih besar.\n\nPenerbangan perdana dilakukan pada tahun 1999 dan masuk dalam layanan tahun 2001. Sertifikasi tipe pesawat dari FAA adalah CL-600-2C10. Maskapai pertama yang memakai CRJ700 adalah Brit Air tahun 2001.\n\nCRJ-700 bersaing secara langsung dengan Embraer 170, yang memiliki kapasitas 70 penumpang. Namun, CRJ-700 10% lebih efektif dalam biaya operasi dibandingkan E-170.\n\nTahun 2008, CRJ700 digantikan dengan CRJ700 NextGen, dilengkapi kabin yang lebih ekonomis dan baru yang sama dengan CRJ900 NextGen dan CRJ1000 NextGen.\n\nSeri 705 berbasis dari CRJ900, dengan satu kelas bisnis dan pengurangan kapasitas tempat duduk maksimum agar bisa dioperasikan oleh maskapai penerbangan regional. Kapasitas seri 705 adalah 75 penumpang. Beberapa maskapai regional memiliki kontrak dengan maskapai besar yang membatasi kapasitas penumpang maksimum dari pesawat yang dioperasikan. Air Canada Jazz adalah pemakai pertama untuk pesawat ini tahun 2005 dengan 10 kelas bisnis dan 65 kelas ekonomi. Sertifikasi tipe dari FAA memberikan kode CL-600-2D15 untuk pesawat ini. Air Canada Jazz mengoperasikan 16 pesawat seri 705.\n\nCRJ900 adalah versi perpanjangan berkapasitas 76-90 kursi dari CRJ700. Pesawat menggunakan mesin GE CF34-8C5, bertenaga denagn APR, dan tambahan sayap pengendali. Berat maksimum kotor lepas landas adalah 84,500 pon. Pesawat diambil dari basis CRJ200 dengan sedikit pengembangan besar. Paket pengembangan sangat memperhatikan pemanfaatan lingkungan. Kabin memiliki kipas sirkulasi yang membantu pendinginan dan penghangatan. Mesin dikontrol oleh kontrol mesin digital FADEC daripada menggunakan kabel dan menggunakan unit kontrol bahan bakar. Lantai kabin diturunkan sebesar 2 in dinama dapat menambah visibilitasdari jendela di kabinkarena jendela lebih dekat le ketinggian mata. APU menjadi unit dari General Electric yang menyediakan udara lebih banyak ke dalam paket AC dan memiliki batasan lebih tinggi untuk penyalaan dan penggunaan di ketinggian. Bentang sayap lebih lebar, ekor didesain ulang dengan bentang lebih lebar dan penyeimbang di bawah. Dalam penggunaan umum CRJ900 dapat terbang lebih tinggi 8-10,000 ft dengan konsumsi bahan bakar sedikit lebih besar dan kecepatan jelajah rata-rata sebesar 450-500 knot, pengembangan signifikan dari pendahulunya. Kode Sertifikasi Tipe FAA untuk pesawat ini adalah CL-600-2D24.\n\nPesawat CRJ900 (C-FRJX) pertama merupakan modifikasi dari CRJ700 dengan memberi tambahan perpanjangan lambung di bagian depan dan belakan sayap; yang kemudian diubah di prototip CRJ1000 dengan menambahkan lambung yang lebih panjang. CRJ900 bersaing dengan Embraer 175, dan lebih efisien per mil per kursi, menurut Bombardier.\n\nTahun 2007, Bombardier meluncurkan CRJ900 NextGen untuk menggantikan versi awal. Model baru ini lebih ekonomis dan memiliki kabin baru seperti CRJ700 NextGen and CRJ1000 NextGen. Mesaba Aviation, saat itu beroperasi sebagai Northwest Airlink (sekarang Delta Connection), adalah pemakai pertama, dan masih menjadi pemakai terbesar untuk CRJ900 NextGen. Armada Mesaba merupakan pesawat CRJ900 NextGen dengan konfigurasi dua kelas, dengan 12 kelas pertama dan 64 kelas ekonomi.\n\nComair, terbang sebagai Delta Connection, telah memesan 14 CRJ900, dimana sedikitnya 6 telah masuk dalam armada pada Nov 2007. Mereka menggunakan konfigurasi dua kelas, dengan 12 kelas pertama dan 64 kelas ekonomi. Hal ini dilakukan karena pembatasan kontrak oleh Delta dengan para pilot yang membatasi penerbangan regional maksimum dengan pesawat 76 kursi.\n\nPada Juli 2008 PLUNA menerima pesawat kelimanya (dari total 7 pesanan). Estonian Air memesan 3 pesawat baru CRJ900 NextGen 90 kursi. Juga SAS memesan 13 pesawat pada Maret 2008. Iraqi Airways telah memesan enam pesawat six Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen dan opsi untuk empat pesawat dalam jenis yang sama.\n\nPada Juni 2010 Lufthansa memesan delapan CRJ900 NextGen.\n\nPada 19 Februari 2007, Bombardier meluncurkan CRJ1000, sebelumnya didesain sebagai CRJ900X, perpanjangan dari CRJ900, dengan tempat duduk hingga 100 kursi. Bombardier menyatakan bahwa pesawat ini meyediakan performa lebih tinggi dan keuntungan lebih besar tiap tempat duduk dibandingkan dengan pesaingnya Embraer E-190.\n\nMyAir telah memesan 15 CRJ900X yang diganti menjadi CRJ1000, tetapi maskapai ini bangkrut pada 24 Jul 2009. Atlasjet juga menyatakan tertarik dengan jenis pesawat ini.\n\nCRJ1000 sukses menyelesaikan penerbangan perdana tahun 2008. Namun, Bombardier menyatakan bahwa penerbangan komersial pertama ditunda hingga kuartal pertama 2010. tanggal 14 Juni 2009 Bombardier mengumumkan pesanan pasti untuk 15 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen yang dilakukan oleh Air Nostrum, untuk total 35 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen. Sudah diperoleh 49 pesanan pasti dan 4 opsi untuk pesawat ini pada Agustus 2009.\n\nAirframe menyelesaikan penerbangan produksi pertama pada 28 Juli 2009 di Montreal; pada saat itu dijadwalkan pengiriman pertama pada kuartal pertama 2010. Namun, satu bulan setelah penerbangan perdana, kesalahan pada penyeimbang bawah memaksa uji coba penerbangan dihentikan. Program tidak dilanjutkan hingga Februari 2010, dan pengiriman ditunda hingga pertengahan kedua 2011.\n\nPada Juli 2010, 316 pesawat CRJ700 (semua varian) dan 229 pesawat CRJ900 (semua varian) ada di dalam penerbangan. Operator untuk pesawat tersebut adalah SkyWest Airlines (104), Mesa Airlines (58), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (49), Mesaba Airlines (41), Lufthansa CityLine (32), Comair (28), American Eagle Airlines (25), GoJet Airlines (25), dan operator lain dengan pesawat yang lebih sedikit.\n\nSumber: CRJ700, CRJ705, CRJ900, CRJ1000\n\nNotes: Delta Connection CRJ900 berkapasitas 76 penumpang dan empat kru dengan konfigurasi gabungan dua kelas. Informasi pada CRJ1000 dapat berubah.\n\nSemua data diperoleh pada 30 April 2010.\n\nBombardier CRJ page Bombardier CRJ NextGen page\n\nKategori:Pesawat terbang Bombardier Kategori:Bombardier Aerospace\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Aircraft\n |name= CRJ700 / CRJ900 ]
CRJ1000 NextGen\n |logo =\n |image=File:Delta Bombardier 20071027.jpg\n |caption=CRJ700 [[Delta Connection]]\n |type=[[Pesawat penumpang regional]]\n |national origin = [[Kanada]]\n |manufacturer= [[Bombardier Aerospace]]\n |designer=\n |first flight = 1999\n |introduction = 2001\n |retired=\n |status = Aktif dalam produksi\n |primary user= [[SkyWest Airlines]][\n |more users=[[Mesa Airlines]] ]
[[Atlantic Southeast Airlines]]
[[Mesaba Airlines]]
[[Garuda Indonesia]]\n |produced =\n |number built =537 pada April 2010[{{Cite web |url=http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/BA-CRJ_Series_Program_Status.pdf |title=Program Status Report - Bombardier CRJ Series |access-date=2009-07-06 |archive-date=2009-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706084613/http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/BA-CRJ_Series_Program_Status.pdf |dead-url=yes }}]\n |unit cost =US$24-39.7 juta pada tahun 2006\n |developed from=[[Bombardier CRJ200]]\n |variants with their own articles =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bombardier CRJ700, CRJ900, dan CRJ1000 adalah pesawat penumpang regional yang berbasis dari pesawat Bombardier CRJ200.","translated_text":"The Bombardier CRJ700, CRJ900, and CRJ1000 are regional passenger aircraft based on the Bombardier CRJ200.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perakitan akhir dari pesawat ini dilakukan di Bandar Udara Internasional Montréal-Mirabel di Mirabel, Quebec, di luar kota Montreal, Kanada.","translated_text":"The final assembly of the aircraft took place at the Montreal-Mirabel International Airport in Mirabel, Quebec, just outside Montreal, Canada.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |title=Aero India 2007 Bombardier CRJ900 |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2013-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":140,"name":null,"url":"http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":593,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.241801-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |title=Aero India 2007 Bombardier CRJ900 |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2013-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":140,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.412496-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengembangan","translated_text":"The development","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mengikuti suksesnya seri CRJ100/200, Bombardier memproduksi varian yang lebih besar untuk bersaing dengan pesawat regional yang lebih besar seperti keluarga Embraer E-Jets, seri Fokker 70/100 dan keluarga BAe 146/Avro RJ.","translated_text":"Following the success of the CRJ100/200 series, Bombardier produced larger variants to compete with larger regional aircraft such as the Embraer E-Jets family, the Fokker 70/100 series and the BAe 146/Avro RJ family.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"CRJ700","translated_text":"The CRJ700","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ700 adalah perpanjangan 66-78 kursi yang diambil dari CRJ200, dengan 70 kursi sebagai konfigurasi yang paling umum.","translated_text":"The CRJ700 is a 66-78 seat extension taken from the CRJ200, with 70 seats as the most common configuration.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"CRJ700 dilengkapi dengan sayap baru dengan sudut flap yang tinggi dan perpanjangan dan sedikit pelebaran lambung, dengan lantai yang lebih rendah.","translated_text":"The CRJ700 is equipped with a new wing with a high flap angle and extension and slightly expanded belly, with a lower floor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pesawat ini dilengkapi dengan mesin General Electric CF34-8C1. kecepatan maksimumnya adalah Mach 0.85 (556 mil per jam) pada ketinggian maksimum 41,000 ft (12,500 m).","translated_text":"The aircraft is equipped with a General Electric CF34-8C1 engine. Its maximum speed is Mach 0.85 (556 miles per hour) at a maximum altitude of 41,000 ft (12,500 m).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bergantung terhadap muatan, CRJ700 dapat terbang hingga 2,250 mil (3,620 km) dengan mesin awal, dan varian baru dengan mesin CF34-8C5 dapat terbang sejauh 2,895 mil (4,660 km).","translated_text":"Depending on the load, the CRJ700 can fly up to 2,250 miles (3,620 km) with the initial engine, and the new variant with the CF34-8C5 engine can fly up to 2,895 miles (4,660 km).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ700 hadir dalam tiga versi: seri 700, seri 701, dan seri 702.","translated_text":"The CRJ700 is available in three versions: 700 series, 701 series, and 702 series.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seri 700 dibatasi hingga 68 penumpang, seri 701 menampung 70 penumpang, dan seri 702 dapat menampung 78 penumpang.","translated_text":"The 700 series was limited to 68 passengers, the 701 series to 70 passengers, and the 702 series to 78 passengers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"CRJ700 juga memiliki tiga pilihan kapasitas berat dan bahan bakar: standard, ER, dan LR.","translated_text":"The CRJ700 also has three heavy and fuel capacity options: standard, ER, and LR.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Versi ER meningkatkan kapasitas bahan bakar dan berat maksimum, yang akhirnya meningkatkan jarak tempuh.","translated_text":"The ER version increased fuel capacity and maximum weight, which ultimately increased range.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan versi LR meningkatkan hal tersebut jauh lebih besar.","translated_text":"And the LR version improves that much 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GE CF34-8C5, bertenaga denagn APR, dan tambahan sayap pengendali.","translated_text":"The aircraft uses a GE CF34-8C5 engine, powered by an APR denagn, and additional control wings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berat maksimum kotor lepas landas adalah 84,500 pon.","translated_text":"Maximum gross takeoff weight is 84,500 pounds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pesawat diambil dari basis CRJ200 dengan sedikit pengembangan besar.","translated_text":"The plane was taken from a CRJ200 base with little major development.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paket pengembangan sangat memperhatikan pemanfaatan lingkungan.","translated_text":"The development package focuses heavily on environmental use.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kabin memiliki kipas sirkulasi yang membantu pendinginan dan penghangatan.","translated_text":"The cabin has a circulation fan that helps cool and heat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mesin dikontrol oleh kontrol mesin digital FADEC daripada menggunakan kabel dan menggunakan unit kontrol bahan bakar.","translated_text":"The engine is controlled by FADEC's digital engine control rather than using cables and using a fuel control unit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lantai kabin diturunkan sebesar 2 in dinama dapat menambah visibilitasdari jendela di kabinkarena jendela lebih dekat le ketinggian mata.","translated_text":"The cabin floor lowered by 2 in can add visibility from the windows in the cabin window closer to the eye height.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"APU menjadi unit dari General Electric yang menyediakan udara lebih banyak ke dalam paket AC dan memiliki batasan lebih tinggi untuk penyalaan dan penggunaan di ketinggian.","translated_text":"The APU became a unit of General Electric that provided more air into the air conditioning package and had higher limits for ignition and use at altitudes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bentang sayap lebih lebar, ekor didesain ulang dengan bentang lebih lebar dan penyeimbang di bawah.","translated_text":"The wingspan was wider, the tail redesigned with a wider scope and balance below.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam penggunaan umum CRJ900 dapat terbang lebih tinggi 8-10,000 ft dengan konsumsi bahan bakar sedikit lebih besar dan kecepatan jelajah rata-rata sebesar 450-500 knot, pengembangan signifikan dari pendahulunya.","translated_text":"In general use the CRJ900 can fly higher than 8-10,000 ft with slightly greater fuel consumption and an average cruising speed of 450-500 knots, a significant development from its predecessor.","trailing_whitespace":" 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Model baru ini lebih ekonomis dan memiliki kabin baru seperti CRJ700 NextGen and CRJ1000 NextGen.","translated_text":"This new model is more economical and has new cabins like the CRJ700 NextGen and CRJ1000 NextGen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mesaba Aviation, saat itu beroperasi sebagai Northwest Airlink (sekarang Delta Connection), adalah pemakai pertama, dan masih menjadi pemakai terbesar untuk CRJ900 NextGen.","translated_text":"Mesaba Aviation, then operating as Northwest Airlink (now Delta Connection), was the first user, and remains the largest user for the CRJ900 NextGen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Armada Mesaba merupakan pesawat CRJ900 NextGen dengan konfigurasi dua kelas, dengan 12 kelas pertama dan 64 kelas ekonomi.","translated_text":"The Mesaba fleet is a NextGen CRJ900 aircraft with a two-class configuration, with 12 first class and 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Accessed 26 November 2007.]","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":"http://www.comair.com/comair/cdc.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=cdc_pg_0021&newsNodeId=%2FComairDotComRepository%2Fcdc%2Fnews%2FCRJ900","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":207,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:51.369738-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menggunakan konfigurasi dua kelas, dengan 12 kelas pertama dan 64 kelas ekonomi.","translated_text":"They used a two-class configuration, with 12 first classes and 64 economy classes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini dilakukan karena pembatasan kontrak oleh Delta dengan para pilot yang membatasi penerbangan regional maksimum dengan pesawat 76 kursi.","translated_text":"This was done due to Delta's contract restrictions with pilots limiting maximum regional flights to 76 seats.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Juli 2008 PLUNA menerima pesawat kelimanya (dari total 7 pesanan).","translated_text":"In July 2008 PLUNA received its fifth aircraft (out of a total of 7 orders).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Estonian Air memesan 3 pesawat baru CRJ900 NextGen 90 kursi.","translated_text":"Estonian Air has ordered three new CRJ900 NextGen 90 seats.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juga SAS memesan 13 pesawat pada Maret 2008.","translated_text":"Also SAS ordered 13 aircraft in March 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Iraqi Airways telah memesan enam pesawat six Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen dan opsi untuk empat pesawat dalam jenis yang sama.","translated_text":"Iraqi Airways has ordered six Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen aircraft and an option for four aircraft of the same type.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/13/222199/up-to-10-crj900-nextgen-aircraft-destined-for-iraq.html]","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/13/222199/up-to-10-crj900-nextgen-aircraft-destined-for-iraq.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Bombardier.com. Accessed 19 February 2007.]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=/en/0_0/0_0_1_7/0_0_1_7_4/0_0_1_7_4_2/crj1000_update.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":75242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:52.249689-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09674072265625},{"content":"[[http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=/en/0_0/0_0_1_7/0_0_1_7_4/0_0_1_7_4_2/crj1000_update.html Bombardier Aerospace Launches 100-Seat CRJ1000 Regional Jet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513182856/http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=%2Fen%2F0_0%2F0_0_1_7%2F0_0_1_7_4%2F0_0_1_7_4_2%2Fcrj1000_update.html |date=2012-05-13 }}. Bombardier.com. Accessed 19 February 2007.]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120513182856/http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=%2Fen%2F0_0%2F0_0_1_7%2F0_0_1_7_4%2F0_0_1_7_4_2%2Fcrj1000_update.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:53.627451-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Atlasjet juga menyatakan tertarik dengan jenis pesawat ini.","translated_text":"Atlasjet also expressed interest in this type of aircraft.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[[Flight International]], 3–9 October 2006]","char_index":59,"name":"FI_06","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CRJ1000 sukses menyelesaikan penerbangan perdana tahun 2008.","translated_text":"The CRJ1000 successfully completed its maiden flight in 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, Bombardier menyatakan bahwa penerbangan komersial pertama ditunda hingga kuartal pertama 2010. tanggal 14 Juni 2009 Bombardier mengumumkan pesanan pasti untuk 15 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen yang dilakukan oleh Air Nostrum, untuk total 35 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen.","translated_text":"However, Bombardier stated that the first commercial flight was delayed until the first quarter of 2010. On 14 June 2009 Bombardier announced a definite order for 15 CRJ1000 NextGen aircraft carried out by Air Nostrum, for a total of 35 CRJ1000 NextGen aircraft.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sudah diperoleh 49 pesanan pasti dan 4 opsi untuk pesawat ini pada Agustus 2009.","translated_text":"49 fixed orders and four options have been obtained for this aircraft as of August 2009.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/11/330867/bombardier-terminates-myairs-15-strong-crj1000-order.html]. Flight Global, 11 August 2009.]","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/11/330867/bombardier-terminates-myairs-15-strong-crj1000-order.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:53.697501-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Airframe menyelesaikan penerbangan produksi pertama pada 28 Juli 2009 di Montreal; pada saat itu dijadwalkan pengiriman pertama pada kuartal pertama 2010.","translated_text":"Airframe completed its first production flight on 28 July 2009 in Montreal; at that time the first delivery was scheduled for the first quarter of 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/28/330269/production-crj1000-successfully-completes-first-flight.html]]","char_index":154,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/28/330269/production-crj1000-successfully-completes-first-flight.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105309,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.250534-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, satu bulan setelah penerbangan perdana, kesalahan pada penyeimbang bawah memaksa uji coba penerbangan dihentikan.","translated_text":"However, a month after the first flight, a fault on the bottom balancer forced flight testing to stop.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Program tidak dilanjutkan hingga Februari 2010, dan pengiriman ditunda hingga pertengahan kedua 2011.","translated_text":"The program was not extended until February 2010, and delivery was delayed until the second half of 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/03/17/339596/bombardier-resumes-crj1000-flight-tests.html|title=Bombardier resumes CRJ1000 flight tests|publisher=Flightglobal.com|date=17 March 2010|accessdate=17 March 2010}}]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/03/17/339596/bombardier-resumes-crj1000-flight-tests.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105309,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.677745-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Operator","translated_text":"Operator","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Juli 2010, 316 pesawat CRJ700 (semua varian) dan 229 pesawat CRJ900 (semua varian) ada di dalam penerbangan.","translated_text":"As of July 2010, 316 CRJ700 aircraft (all variants) and 229 CRJ900 aircraft (all variants) were in flight.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Operator untuk pesawat tersebut adalah SkyWest Airlines (104), Mesa Airlines (58), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (49), Mesaba Airlines (41), Lufthansa CityLine (32), Comair (28), American Eagle Airlines (25), GoJet Airlines (25), dan operator lain dengan pesawat yang lebih sedikit.","translated_text":"Operators for the aircraft are SkyWest Airlines (104), Mesa Airlines (58), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (49), Mesaba Airlines (41), Lufthansa CityLine (32), Comair (28), American Eagle Airlines (25), GoJet Airlines (25), and other operators with fewer aircraft.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID=35827 \"World Airliner Census\"]. ''[[Flight International]]'', p. 40. August 24–30, 2010.]","char_index":280,"name":"Flight_Int_2010","url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID=35827","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.218297-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Spesifikasi","translated_text":"Specifications","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=wikitable style=\"text-align: center;\"\n|-\n! Varian\n! CRJ700\n! CRJ705\n! CRJ900\n! CRJ1000\n|- \n! Kru kokpit\n| colspan=\"4\" align=\"center\" | Dua\n|-\n! Kapasitas kursi\n| 78 (1 kelas, maksimum)
70 (1 class, umum)
66 (2 kelas, umum)\n| 74 (1 kelas, umum)
75 (2 kelas, umum)\n| 86-90 (1 kelas, umum)\n| 100 (1 kelas, umum)\n|-\n! Panjang\n| 32.51 m (106 ft 8 in)\n| colspan=2 | 36.40 m (119 ft 4 in)\n| 39.13 m (128 ft 4.7 in)\n|-\n! Bentang sayap\n| 23.24 m (76 ft 3 in)\n| colspan=2 | 24.85 m (81 ft 6 in)\n| 26.18 m (85 ft 10.6 in)\n|-\n! Tinggi\n| 7.57 m (24 ft 10 in)\n| colspan=2 | 7.51 m (24 ft 7 in)\n| 7.50 m (24 ft 6 in)\n|-\n! Luas sayap\n| colspan=3 | 70.61 m² (760 ft²)\n| 77.4 m² (833 ft²)\n|-\n! Diameter lambung\n| colspan=4 | 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)\n|-\n!Lebar kabin maksimum\n| colspan=4 | 2.57 m (8 ft 5 in)\n|-\n!Tinggi kabin\n| colspan=4 | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 in)\n|- \n! Berat kosong operasi\n| {{convert|19731|kg|lb|abbr=on}}\n| colspan=2 | {{convert|21433|kg|lb|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|23179|kg|lb|abbr=on}}\n|-\n! Berat tanpa bahan bakar maksimum (ZFW)\n| 28,259 kg (62,300 lb)
LR: 28,801 kg (63,495 lb)\n| colspan=2 | 31,751 kg (70,000 lb)
LR: 32,024 kg (70,600 lb)\n| 35,154 kg (77,500 lb)\n|-\n! Berat maksimum lepas landas (MTOW)\n| 32,999 kg (72,750 lb)
ER: 34,019 kg (75,000 lb)
LR: 34,926 kg (77,000 lb)\n| colspan=2 | 36,504 kg (80,500 lb)
ER: 37,421 kg (82,500 lb)
LR: 38,330 kg (84,500 lb)\n| EuroLite: 38,995 kg (85,968 lb)
40,824 kg (90,000 lb)
ER: 41,632 kg (91,800 lb)\n|-\n! Berat muatan maksimum \n| 8,527 kg (18,800 lb)
LR: 9,070 kg (19,995 lb)\n| colspan=2 | 10,319 kg (22,750 lb)
LR: 10,591 kg (23,350 lb)\n| 12,156 kg (26,800 lb)\n|-\n! Kapasitas kargo\n| {{convert|15.5|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}\n| colspan=2 | {{convert|16.8|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|19.4|m3|cuft|abbr=on}}\n|- \n! Panjang landasan saat MTOW ([[International standard atmosphere|ISA]])\n| {{convert|1564|m|ft|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|1676|m|ft|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1851|m|ft|abbr=on}}\n| colspan=2 | {{convert|1778|m|ft|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|1861|m|ft|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1944|m|ft|abbr=on}}\n| EuroLite: {{convert|1822|m|ft|abbr=on}}
{{convert|1996|m|ft|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|2079|m|ft|abbr=on}}\n|-\n! Ketinggian jelajah\n| colspan=4 | 12,500 m (41,000 ft)\n|-\n! Kecepatan jelajah\n| Mach 0.78 (829 km/h, 515 mph)\n| Mach 0.78 (829 km/h, 515 mph)\n| Mach 0.80 (850 km/h, 528 mph)\n| Mach 0.78 (829 km/h, 515 mph)\n|-\n! Kecepatan maksimum\n| Mach 0.825 (876 km/h, 544 mph)\n| Mach 0.83 (885 km/h, 559 mph)\n| Mach 0.83 (881 km/h, 547 mph)\n| Mach 0.82 (870 km/h, 541 mph)\n|-\n! Jarak maksimum\n| {{convert|1434|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
ER: {{convert|1732|nmi|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|2002|nmi|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|1719|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
ER: {{convert|1963|nmi|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1999|nmi|abbr=on}}\n| {{convert|1350|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
ER: {{convert|1593|nmi|abbr=on}}
LR: {{convert|1828|nmi|abbr=on}}\n| EuroLite: {{convert|1030|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}}
{{convert|1491|nmi|abbr=on}}
ER: {{convert|1691|nmi|abbr=on}}\n|- \n! Bahan bakar maksimum\n| colspan=4 | {{convert|8822|kg|abbr=on}} \n|-\n! Mesin (2x)\n| [[General Electric CF34|GE CF34-8C5B1]]\n| [[General Electric CF34|GE CF34-8C5]]\n| GE CF34-8C5\n| [[General Electric CF34|GE CF34-8C5A1]]\n|-\n! Tenaga lepas landas (2x)\n| 56.4 kN (12,670 lbf)\n| 58.4 kN (13,123 lbf)\n| 59.4 kN (13,360 lbf)\n| 60.6 kN (13,630 lbf)\n|-\n! Tenaga APR (2x)\n| 61.3 kN (13,790 lbf)\n| 63.4 kN (14,255 lbf)\n| 64.5 kN (14,510 lbf)\n| 64.5 kN (14,510 lbf)\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sumber: CRJ700, CRJ705, CRJ900, CRJ1000","translated_text":"Sources include: CRJ700, CRJ705, CRJ900, CRJ1000","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.crj700.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=700 CRJ700 Specifications]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 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Bombardier]","char_index":23,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crj700.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=705","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.727581-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 CRJ900 Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091936/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 |date=2010-10-11 }}. Bombardier]","char_index":31,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.736264-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 CRJ900 Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091936/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 |date=2010-10-11 }}. 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Bombardier, June 2009.]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091229112709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_1000_Factsheet.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.991497-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ1000_EN.pdf CRJ1000 NextGen Fact Sheet]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at crjnextgen.com]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ1000_EN.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.063560-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/canada/crj1000.htm Bombardier CRJ1000] at globalsecurity.org]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/canada/crj1000.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.074392-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93359375},{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/runway-girl/2008/07/meet-the-bombardier-crj1000-eu.html Meet the Bombardier CRJ1000 EuroLite] at flightglobal.com]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/runway-girl/2008/07/meet-the-bombardier-crj1000-eu.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.165762-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Notes: Delta Connection CRJ900 berkapasitas 76 penumpang dan empat kru dengan konfigurasi gabungan dua kelas.","translated_text":"Notes: Delta Connection CRJ900 has a capacity of 76 passengers and four crew with a combined configuration of two classes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/aircraft_types_layout/crj_900/index.jsp Canadair Regional Jet 900 (CRJ)]]","char_index":109,"name":null,"url":"http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/aircraft_types_layout/crj_900/index.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":189,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.460566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (12 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Informasi pada CRJ1000 dapat berubah.","translated_text":"Information on the CRJ1000 is subject to change.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pesanan dan pengiriman","translated_text":"Order and delivery","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 97%;\" class=\"wikitable\"\n|- bgcolor=\"#DDDD\"\n!Seri model\n!Pesanan\n!Pengiriman\n!Belum dikirim\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ700|| 328 || 287 || 41\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ705|| 16 || 16 || -\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ900|| 248 || 234 || 14\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n|CRJ1000|| 49 || 18 || 31\n|- bgcolor=\"#EEEEEE\"\n| Total || 641 || 537 || 104\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Semua data diperoleh pada 30 April 2010.","translated_text":"All data was obtained on April 30, 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[","char_index":40,"name":"Report","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bombardier CRJ page Bombardier CRJ NextGen page","translated_text":"Bombardier CRJ page Bombardier CRJ next generation page","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp |date=2007-06-21 }}","char_index":20,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:18.202353-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061002/http://crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/index.html |date=2010-02-09 }}","char_index":47,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061002/http://crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.530685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pesawat terbang Bombardier Kategori:Bombardier Aerospace","translated_text":"Flying aircraft of the Bombardier","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bombardier CRJ700, CRJ900, dan CRJ1000 adalah pesawat penumpang regional yang berbasis dari pesawat Bombardier CRJ200. Perakitan akhir dari pesawat ini dilakukan di Bandar Udara Internasional Montréal-Mirabel di Mirabel, Quebec, di luar kota Montreal, Kanada.","translated_text":"The Bombardier CRJ700, CRJ900, and CRJ1000 are regional passenger aircraft based on the Bombardier CRJ200. The final assembly of the aircraft took place at the Montreal-Mirabel International Airport in Mirabel, Quebec, just outside Montreal, Canada.","citations":[{"content":"][{{Cite web |url=http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |title=Aero India 2007 Bombardier CRJ900 |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2013-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":259,"name":null,"url":"http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":593,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.241801-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |title=Aero India 2007 Bombardier CRJ900 |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2013-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":259,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034812/http://www.aeroindianews.com/bombardier.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.412496-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penerbangan perdana dilakukan pada tahun 1999 dan masuk dalam layanan tahun 2001. Sertifikasi tipe pesawat dari FAA adalah CL-600-2C10.","translated_text":"The first flight was made in 1999 and entered service in 2001. The aircraft type certification from the FAA is CL-600-2C10.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf |title=FAA Type Certificate |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075538/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":"http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.483894-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf |title=FAA Type Certificate |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2011-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075538/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075538/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/8226a37b9426a80d862572ed005e7fa0/$FILE/A21EA.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.570609-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pesawat CRJ900 (C-FRJX) pertama merupakan modifikasi dari CRJ700 dengan memberi tambahan perpanjangan lambung di bagian depan dan belakan sayap; yang kemudian diubah di prototip CRJ1000 dengan menambahkan lambung yang lebih panjang.","translated_text":"The first CRJ900 (C-FRJX) aircraft was a modification of the CRJ700 by adding an extension of the hull at the front and flank; which was later modified in the CRJ1000 prototype by adding a longer hull.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=C-FRJX Photos of C-FRJX in its various incarnations as first prototypes of the CRJ-700, CRJ-900 and CRJ-1000]","char_index":232,"name":null,"url":"http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=C-FRJX","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:42.639327-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Comair, terbang sebagai Delta Connection, telah memesan 14 CRJ900, dimana sedikitnya 6 telah masuk dalam armada pada Nov 2007.","translated_text":"Comair, flying as Delta Connection, had ordered 14 CRJ900, of which at least six had joined the fleet by November 2007.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.comair.com/comair/cdc.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=cdc_pg_0021&newsNodeId=%2FComairDotComRepository%2Fcdc%2Fnews%2FCRJ900 Comair - Flying First Class with New Aircraft]. Comair.com. Accessed 26 November 2007.]","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":"http://www.comair.com/comair/cdc.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=cdc_pg_0021&newsNodeId=%2FComairDotComRepository%2Fcdc%2Fnews%2FCRJ900","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":207,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:51.369738-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Estonian Air memesan 3 pesawat baru CRJ900 NextGen 90 kursi. Juga SAS memesan 13 pesawat pada Maret 2008. Iraqi Airways telah memesan enam pesawat six Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen dan opsi untuk empat pesawat dalam jenis yang sama.","translated_text":"Estonian Air has ordered three new CRJ900 NextGen 90 seats. Also SAS ordered 13 aircraft in March 2008. Iraqi Airways has ordered six Bombardier CRJ900 NextGen aircraft and an option for four aircraft of the same type.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/13/222199/up-to-10-crj900-nextgen-aircraft-destined-for-iraq.html]","char_index":228,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/13/222199/up-to-10-crj900-nextgen-aircraft-destined-for-iraq.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105309,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:51.426064-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Juni 2010 Lufthansa memesan delapan CRJ900 NextGen.","translated_text":"In June 2010 Lufthansa ordered eight NextGen CRJ900.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html|work=CBC News|title=Bombardier gets $317M jet order|date=2 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705104730/http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html|archivedate=2010-07-05|access-date=2010-10-26|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":437,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:52.041741-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html|work=CBC News|title=Bombardier gets $317M jet order|date=2 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705104730/http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html|archivedate=2010-07-05|access-date=2010-10-26|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100705104730/http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/07/02/bombardier-contract.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:52.180683-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"MyAir telah memesan 15 CRJ900X yang diganti menjadi CRJ1000, tetapi maskapai ini bangkrut pada 24 Jul 2009.","translated_text":"MyAir had ordered 15 CRJ900X to be replaced by the CRJ1000, but the airline went bankrupt on 24 July 2009.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=/en/0_0/0_0_1_7/0_0_1_7_4/0_0_1_7_4_2/crj1000_update.html Bombardier Aerospace Launches 100-Seat CRJ1000 Regional Jet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513182856/http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=%2Fen%2F0_0%2F0_0_1_7%2F0_0_1_7_4%2F0_0_1_7_4_2%2Fcrj1000_update.html |date=2012-05-13 }}. Bombardier.com. Accessed 19 February 2007.]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=/en/0_0/0_0_1_7/0_0_1_7_4/0_0_1_7_4_2/crj1000_update.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":75242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:52.249689-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09674072265625},{"content":"[[http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=/en/0_0/0_0_1_7/0_0_1_7_4/0_0_1_7_4_2/crj1000_update.html Bombardier Aerospace Launches 100-Seat CRJ1000 Regional Jet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513182856/http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=%2Fen%2F0_0%2F0_0_1_7%2F0_0_1_7_4%2F0_0_1_7_4_2%2Fcrj1000_update.html |date=2012-05-13 }}. Bombardier.com. Accessed 19 February 2007.]","char_index":107,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120513182856/http://www.bombardier.com/index.jsp?id=0_0&lang=en&file=%2Fen%2F0_0%2F0_0_1_7%2F0_0_1_7_4%2F0_0_1_7_4_2%2Fcrj1000_update.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:53.627451-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"MyAir telah memesan 15 CRJ900X yang diganti menjadi CRJ1000, tetapi maskapai ini bangkrut pada 24 Jul 2009. Atlasjet juga menyatakan tertarik dengan jenis pesawat ini.","translated_text":"MyAir had ordered 15 CRJ900X to be replaced by the CRJ1000, but the airline went bankrupt on 24 July 2009. Atlasjet also expressed interest in this type of aircraft.","citations":[{"content":"[[[Flight International]], 3–9 October 2006]","char_index":167,"name":"FI_06","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"CRJ1000 sukses menyelesaikan penerbangan perdana tahun 2008. Namun, Bombardier menyatakan bahwa penerbangan komersial pertama ditunda hingga kuartal pertama 2010. tanggal 14 Juni 2009 Bombardier mengumumkan pesanan pasti untuk 15 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen yang dilakukan oleh Air Nostrum, untuk total 35 pesawat CRJ1000 NextGen. Sudah diperoleh 49 pesanan pasti dan 4 opsi untuk pesawat ini pada Agustus 2009.","translated_text":"The CRJ1000 successfully completed its maiden flight in 2008. However, Bombardier stated that the first commercial flight was delayed until the first quarter of 2010. On 14 June 2009 Bombardier announced a definite order for 15 CRJ1000 NextGen aircraft carried out by Air Nostrum, for a total of 35 CRJ1000 NextGen aircraft. 49 fixed orders and four options have been obtained for this aircraft as of August 2009.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/11/330867/bombardier-terminates-myairs-15-strong-crj1000-order.html]. Flight Global, 11 August 2009.]","char_index":407,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/11/330867/bombardier-terminates-myairs-15-strong-crj1000-order.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:53.697501-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Airframe menyelesaikan penerbangan produksi pertama pada 28 Juli 2009 di Montreal; pada saat itu dijadwalkan pengiriman pertama pada kuartal pertama 2010.","translated_text":"Airframe completed its first production flight on 28 July 2009 in Montreal; at that time the first delivery was scheduled for the first quarter of 2010.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/28/330269/production-crj1000-successfully-completes-first-flight.html]]","char_index":154,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/28/330269/production-crj1000-successfully-completes-first-flight.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105309,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.250534-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Airframe menyelesaikan penerbangan produksi pertama pada 28 Juli 2009 di Montreal; pada saat itu dijadwalkan pengiriman pertama pada kuartal pertama 2010. Namun, satu bulan setelah penerbangan perdana, kesalahan pada penyeimbang bawah memaksa uji coba penerbangan dihentikan. Program tidak dilanjutkan hingga Februari 2010, dan pengiriman ditunda hingga pertengahan kedua 2011.","translated_text":"Airframe completed its first production flight on 28 July 2009 in Montreal; at that time the first delivery was scheduled for the first quarter of 2010. However, a month after the first flight, a fault on the bottom balancer forced flight testing to stop. The program was not extended until February 2010, and delivery was delayed until the second half of 2011.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/03/17/339596/bombardier-resumes-crj1000-flight-tests.html|title=Bombardier resumes CRJ1000 flight tests|publisher=Flightglobal.com|date=17 March 2010|accessdate=17 March 2010}}]","char_index":377,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/03/17/339596/bombardier-resumes-crj1000-flight-tests.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105309,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:54.677745-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Juli 2010, 316 pesawat CRJ700 (semua varian) dan 229 pesawat CRJ900 (semua varian) ada di dalam penerbangan. Operator untuk pesawat tersebut adalah SkyWest Airlines (104), Mesa Airlines (58), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (49), Mesaba Airlines (41), Lufthansa CityLine (32), Comair (28), American Eagle Airlines (25), GoJet Airlines (25), dan operator lain dengan pesawat yang lebih sedikit.","translated_text":"As of July 2010, 316 CRJ700 aircraft (all variants) and 229 CRJ900 aircraft (all variants) were in flight. Operators for the aircraft are SkyWest Airlines (104), Mesa Airlines (58), Atlantic Southeast Airlines (49), Mesaba Airlines (41), Lufthansa CityLine (32), Comair (28), American Eagle Airlines (25), GoJet Airlines (25), and other operators with fewer aircraft.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID=35827 \"World Airliner Census\"]. ''[[Flight International]]'', p. 40. August 24–30, 2010.]","char_index":394,"name":"Flight_Int_2010","url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID=35827","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.218297-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sumber: CRJ700, CRJ705, CRJ900, CRJ1000","translated_text":"Sources include: CRJ700, CRJ705, CRJ900, CRJ1000","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.crj700.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=700 CRJ700 Specifications]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Bombardier]","char_index":15,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crj700.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=700","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.579769-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082703/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_700_Factsheet.pdf CRJ700 NextGen Fact Sheet]. 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Bombardier]","char_index":31,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.736264-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 CRJ900 Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091936/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900 |date=2010-10-11 }}. Bombardier]","char_index":31,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091936/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/specifications.jsp?langId=en&crjId=900","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.842926-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_900_Factsheet.pdf CRJ900 NextGen Fact Sheet]. Bombardier, June 2009.]","char_index":31,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_900_Factsheet.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.914975-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ900_EN.pdf CRJ900 NextGen Fact Sheet]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at crjnextgen.com]","char_index":31,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ900_EN.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.984146-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20091229112709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_1000_Factsheet.pdf CRJ1000 NextGen Fact Sheet]. Bombardier, June 2009.]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091229112709/http://www2.bombardier.com/en/3_0/3_6/pdf/Paris2009/CRJ_1000_Factsheet.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:55.991497-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ1000_EN.pdf CRJ1000 NextGen Fact Sheet]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at crjnextgen.com]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"http://www.crjnextgen.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/pdf/CRJ1000_EN.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.063560-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/canada/crj1000.htm Bombardier CRJ1000] at globalsecurity.org]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/canada/crj1000.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":28905,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.074392-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93359375},{"content":"[[http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/runway-girl/2008/07/meet-the-bombardier-crj1000-eu.html Meet the Bombardier CRJ1000 EuroLite] at flightglobal.com]","char_index":39,"name":null,"url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/runway-girl/2008/07/meet-the-bombardier-crj1000-eu.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.165762-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Notes: Delta Connection CRJ900 berkapasitas 76 penumpang dan empat kru dengan konfigurasi gabungan dua kelas.","translated_text":"Notes: Delta Connection CRJ900 has a capacity of 76 passengers and four crew with a combined configuration of two classes.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/aircraft_types_layout/crj_900/index.jsp Canadair Regional Jet 900 (CRJ)]]","char_index":109,"name":null,"url":"http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/aircraft_types_layout/crj_900/index.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":189,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.460566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (12 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Semua data diperoleh pada 30 April 2010.","translated_text":"All data was obtained on April 30, 2010.","citations":[{"content":"[","char_index":40,"name":"Report","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bombardier CRJ page Bombardier CRJ NextGen page","translated_text":"Bombardier CRJ page Bombardier CRJ next generation page","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp |date=2007-06-21 }}","char_index":20,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070621185745/http://www.crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/home.jsp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:18.202353-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061002/http://crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/index.html |date=2010-02-09 }}","char_index":47,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061002/http://crj.bombardier.com/CRJ/en/NextGen/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.530685-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Cecilia Morel","wikicode":"{{kembangkan}}\n{{Infobox first lady\n| name = Cecilia Morel \n| image = Cecilia morel.jpg\n| caption = Cecilia pada tahun 2019\n| order = \n| office= [[Ibu Negara Chili]]\n| president = [[Sebastián Piñera]]\n| term_label = Asumsi peran\n| term_start = 11 Maret 2018\n| term_end= \n| predecessor = ''Dirinya sendiri'' {{small|(2014)}}\n| term_label2= Mengisi peran\n| term_start2= 11 Maret 2010\n| term_end2= 11 Maret 2014\n| succeeding2 = \n| predecessor2 = [[Luisa Durán de la Fuente]] \n| successor2 = ''Dirinya sendiri'' {{small|(2018)}}\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|1|14}}\n| birth_place = [[Santiago]], [[Chili]]\n| birth_name = María Cecilia Morel Montes\n| party = [[National Renewal (Chile)|National Renewal]] (sebelum 2011)\n| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sebastián Piñera]]|1973}}\n| occupation = Konselor keluarga\n| children={{unbulleted list|Magdalena|Cecilia|Juan Sebastián|Cristóbal}}\n}}\n'''Cecilia Morel Montes''' ({{lahirmati||14|1|1954}}) adalah [[Ibu Negara Chili]] dan istri dari [[Presiden Chili]], [[Sebastián Piñera]]. Ia bersama suaminya sepanjang waktu di lokasi penyelematan [[Kecelakaan pertambangan Copiapó 2010]].][[http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7005922-the-miners-come-to-light%20The%20miners%20come%20to%20light \"The miners come to light\"] - By karasiwo - Allvoices, Inc - October 12, 2010.]\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{S-start}}\n{{Succession box\n|before = [[Ángela Jeria Gómez]]\n|title = [[Ibu Negara Chili]]\n|years = 2010 - 2014; 2018 - \n|after = masih mejabat\n}}\n{{S-end}}\n\n{{lifetime|1954||}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Morel, Cecilia}}\n\n\n{{Chili-bio-stub}}","hash":"adc48708fc73430ab4358de0cfdf7165845a365e1c3b591e923cf6e15804679b","last_revision":"2022-11-28T08:00:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T06:56:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.028292","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"سيسيليا موريل","ast":"Cecilia Morel","de":"Cecilia Morel","en":"Cecilia Morel","es":"Cecilia Morel","fr":"Cecilia Morel","it":"Cecilia Morel","pl":"Cecilia Morel","pt":"Cecilia Morel","simple":"Cecilia Morel","uk":"Сесілія Морель","vi":"Cecilia Morel","zh":"塞西莉亞·莫雷爾"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Cecilia Morel Montes () adalah Ibu Negara Chili dan istri dari Presiden Chili, Sebastián Piñera. Ia bersama suaminya sepanjang waktu di lokasi penyelematan Kecelakaan pertambangan Copiapó 2010.\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox first lady\n| name = Cecilia Morel \n| image = Cecilia morel.jpg\n| caption = Cecilia pada tahun 2019\n| order = \n| office= [[Ibu Negara Chili]]\n| president = [[Sebastián Piñera]]\n| term_label = Asumsi peran\n| term_start = 11 Maret 2018\n| term_end= \n| predecessor = ''Dirinya sendiri'' {{small|(2014)}}\n| term_label2= Mengisi peran\n| term_start2= 11 Maret 2010\n| term_end2= 11 Maret 2014\n| succeeding2 = \n| predecessor2 = [[Luisa Durán de la Fuente]] \n| successor2 = ''Dirinya sendiri'' {{small|(2018)}}\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1954|1|14}}\n| birth_place = [[Santiago]], [[Chili]]\n| birth_name = María Cecilia Morel Montes\n| party = [[National Renewal (Chile)|National Renewal]] (sebelum 2011)\n| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sebastián Piñera]]|1973}}\n| occupation = Konselor keluarga\n| children={{unbulleted list|Magdalena|Cecilia|Juan Sebastián|Cristóbal}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cecilia Morel Montes () adalah Ibu Negara Chili dan istri dari Presiden Chili, Sebastián Piñera.","translated_text":"Cecilia Morel Montes () was the First Lady of Chile and the wife of Chilean President Sebastián Piñera.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia bersama suaminya sepanjang waktu di lokasi penyelematan Kecelakaan pertambangan Copiapó 2010.","translated_text":"She was with her husband all the time at the site of the 2010 Copiapó mining accident.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7005922-the-miners-come-to-light%20The%20miners%20come%20to%20light \"The miners come to light\"] - By karasiwo - Allvoices, Inc - October 12, 2010.]","char_index":96,"name":null,"url":"http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7005922-the-miners-come-to-light%20The%20miners%20come%20to%20light","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":23125,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.603359-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Cecilia Morel Montes () adalah Ibu Negara Chili dan istri dari Presiden Chili, Sebastián Piñera. Ia bersama suaminya sepanjang waktu di lokasi penyelematan Kecelakaan pertambangan Copiapó 2010.","translated_text":"Cecilia Morel Montes () was the First Lady of Chile and the wife of Chilean President Sebastián Piñera. She was with her husband all the time at the site of the 2010 Copiapó mining accident.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7005922-the-miners-come-to-light%20The%20miners%20come%20to%20light \"The miners come to light\"] - By karasiwo - Allvoices, Inc - October 12, 2010.]","char_index":193,"name":null,"url":"http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7005922-the-miners-come-to-light%20The%20miners%20come%20to%20light","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":23125,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:56.603359-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Mujijat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mukjizat]]","hash":"a8bcfb2190f5a5a1495517d14ce6672a71b5ed4d16fcbd612e730362206ae748","last_revision":"2010-10-27T03:22:50Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T08:09:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.095479","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mukjizat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mukjizat","translated_text":"A WONDERFUL God","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kepala negara Argentina","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar Presiden Argentina]]","hash":"d0dcb59e57cc2366326cc43564138b2ec9af18f1c2eee2458556ed364d971280","last_revision":"2010-10-26T08:36:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T08:36:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.160581","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar Presiden Argentina\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar Presiden Argentina","translated_text":"List of Presidents of Argentina","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kepala negara Amerika Serikat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar presiden Amerika Serikat]]","hash":"ef81aba1fcdb6ad2e18f444f0564483580e3be24140bd4ff1fe8b4ab43c01d1e","last_revision":"2020-11-08T06:10:37Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T08:37:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.221187","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar presiden Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar presiden Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"List of Presidents of the United States","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kepala negara Timor Leste","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar presiden Timor Leste]]","hash":"65fd871c23c547cf62b7b2dee5db2f618c1a294fbf99ed8336e5e34c3ae7e68f","last_revision":"2020-12-09T11:06:44Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T08:40:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.283374","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar presiden Timor Leste\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar presiden Timor Leste","translated_text":"List of Presidents of East Timor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Presiden Timur Leste","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar presiden Timor Leste]]","hash":"65fd871c23c547cf62b7b2dee5db2f618c1a294fbf99ed8336e5e34c3ae7e68f","last_revision":"2020-12-09T11:08:36Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T08:45:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.346750","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar presiden Timor Leste\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar presiden Timor Leste","translated_text":"List of Presidents of East Timor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Hadi Mahdami","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=November 2022}}\n\n[[Berkas:AmiHadi.jpg|jmpl|alt=A Ami Hadi Mahdami.|Hadi Mahdami sang Maestro musik gambus Indonesia.]]\n'''Abdul Hadi Mahdami''' (alias '''Ami Hadi''' alias '''Adun Hulu''' {{lahirmati|[[Empang, Bogor Selatan, Bogor]] |17|06|1917|[[Jakarta]]|12|04|2004}}) merupakan [[seniman]] dan [[musisi]] [[musik]] [[gambus]] [[Melayu]] yang terkenal di kalangan keturunan [[Hadramaut]] di [[Indonesia]] dengan lagu [[pantun]] yang sederhana namun mengena.\n\n== Pribadi ==\nAmi Hadi sangat bersahaja, baik penampilan maupun tutur katanya, keberadaannya menggembirakan setiap orang, baik ketika bermain [[musik]] ataupun sekadar berbincang-bincang. Ami Hadi pun sangat suka bercanda. Lagu-lagunya sangat familiar melintasi berbagai generasi. Hampir seluruh warga keturunan Arab, terutama yang tinggal di [[Betawi]] baik muda maupun tua mengenalnya.{{fact}}\n\n== Diskografi ==\nDi sekitar tahun 2003, Hadi Mahdami merilis kembali album lamanya dan album itu dikeluarkan di saat usianya mencapai 86 tahun, suaranya dan petikan [[gitar]] yang masih solid. [[Kaset]] itu tak begitu banyak diproduksi, hanya sekitar dua ribuan dan dalam waktu singkat kaset itu pun habis terjual.{{fact}} Berikut ini lagu-lagu Ami Hadi yang populer:\n\n{{Listen|filename=AmiHadi-CintaSuci.ogg|title=Cinta Suci|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}\n* Anak Muda\n* Bahwa Cinta\n* Bukanlah Saya\n* Burung Kaka Tua\n* Cinta Suci\n* Dewiku Sayang\n* Ibu\n* Jangan Tertipu\n* Kekasih\n* Laki Durhaka\n* Lupakanlah Dunia\n* Melati Di Sanggul Jelita\n* Menanti Musafir\n* Nasihat\n* Nasibnya Kembang\n* Pantun Cinta\n*Pantun Janda\n* Pantun Janji\n* Pantun Jenaka\n* Pencerai Muda\n* Semenjak Aku Memandang\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{id}} [http://twitter.com/#!/amihadi Akun Twitter Penggemar Abdul Hadi Mahdami] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172022/https://twitter.com/#!/amihadi |date=2015-12-08 }}\n* {{id}} [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Hadi-Mahdami/72245129823 Halaman penggemar di situs web Facebook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812200350/https://www.facebook.com/AdunHulu/ |date=2023-08-12 }}\n* {{id}} [http://geischalifah.blogspot.com/2008/07/sang-maestro-hadi-mahdami.html Artikel tentang Abdul Hadi Mahdami di weblog Blogspot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100547/http://geischalifah.blogspot.com/2008/07/sang-maestro-hadi-mahdami.html |date=2016-03-05 }}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemusik Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Bogor]]\n\n\n{{Musikus-stub}}","hash":"fe03ba1c6bfd2986f4fd4db054bbaeef37beadae089d586b6e3e34de79f8ccb5","last_revision":"2024-01-27T02:48:50Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T09:06:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.418700","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Abdul Hadi Mahdami (alias Ami Hadi alias Adun Hulu ) merupakan seniman dan musisi musik gambus Melayu yang terkenal di kalangan keturunan Hadramaut di Indonesia dengan lagu pantun yang sederhana namun mengena.\n\nAmi Hadi sangat bersahaja, baik penampilan maupun tutur katanya, keberadaannya menggembirakan setiap orang, baik ketika bermain musik ataupun sekadar berbincang-bincang. Ami Hadi pun sangat suka bercanda. Lagu-lagunya sangat familiar melintasi berbagai generasi. Hampir seluruh warga keturunan Arab, terutama yang tinggal di Betawi baik muda maupun tua mengenalnya.\n\nDi sekitar tahun 2003, Hadi Mahdami merilis kembali album lamanya dan album itu dikeluarkan di saat usianya mencapai 86 tahun, suaranya dan petikan gitar yang masih solid. Kaset itu tak begitu banyak diproduksi, hanya sekitar dua ribuan dan dalam waktu singkat kaset itu pun habis terjual. Berikut ini lagu-lagu Ami Hadi yang populer:\n\nAnak Muda Bahwa Cinta Bukanlah Saya Burung Kaka Tua Cinta Suci Dewiku Sayang Ibu Jangan Tertipu Kekasih Laki Durhaka Lupakanlah Dunia Melati Di Sanggul Jelita Menanti Musafir Nasihat Nasibnya Kembang Pantun Cinta Pantun Janda Pantun Janji Pantun Jenaka Pencerai Muda Semenjak Aku Memandang\n\nAkun Twitter Penggemar Abdul Hadi Mahdami Halaman penggemar di situs web Facebook Artikel tentang Abdul Hadi Mahdami di weblog Blogspot\n\nKategori:Pemusik Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Bogor\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abdul Hadi Mahdami (alias Ami Hadi alias Adun Hulu ) merupakan seniman dan musisi musik gambus Melayu yang terkenal di kalangan keturunan Hadramaut di Indonesia dengan lagu pantun yang sederhana namun mengena.","translated_text":"Abdul Hadi Mahdami (aka Ami Hadi alias Adun Hulu) is a well-known Malay gambus music artist and musician among the descendants of Hadramaut in Indonesia for his simple yet engaging pantun songs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pribadi","translated_text":"Personal","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ami Hadi sangat bersahaja, baik penampilan maupun tutur katanya, keberadaannya menggembirakan setiap orang, baik ketika bermain musik ataupun sekadar berbincang-bincang.","translated_text":"Ami Hadi is very polite, both in his appearance and in his speech, his presence makes everyone happy, whether it's playing music or just chatting.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ami Hadi pun sangat suka bercanda.","translated_text":"Ami Hadi also likes to joke.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu","translated_text":"The song.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-lagunya sangat familiar melintasi berbagai generasi.","translated_text":"It's a song that's been very familiar for generations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hampir seluruh warga keturunan Arab, terutama yang tinggal di Betawi baik muda maupun tua mengenalnya.","translated_text":"Almost all citizens of Arab descent, especially those living in Betawi, both young and old, knew him.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[{"type":"citation-needed","content":"{{fact}}","char_index":102}]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Diskografi","translated_text":"Discography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di sekitar tahun 2003, Hadi Mahdami merilis kembali album lamanya dan album itu dikeluarkan di saat usianya mencapai 86 tahun, suaranya dan petikan gitar yang masih solid.","translated_text":"Around 2003, Hadi Mahdami re-released his old album and the album was released at the age of 86, with his voice and guitar parts still solid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kaset itu tak begitu banyak diproduksi, hanya sekitar dua ribuan dan dalam waktu singkat kaset itu pun habis terjual.","translated_text":"The tapes were not produced in large quantities, only about two thousand, and in a short time they sold out.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[{"type":"citation-needed","content":"{{fact}}","char_index":117}]},{"text":"Berikut ini lagu-lagu Ami Hadi yang populer:","translated_text":"Here are the popular songs of Ami Hadi:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Anak Muda Bahwa Cinta Bukanlah Saya Burung Kaka Tua Cinta Suci Dewiku Sayang Ibu Jangan Tertipu Kekasih Laki Durhaka Lupakanlah Dunia Melati Di Sanggul Jelita Menanti Musafir Nasihat Nasibnya Kembang Pantun Cinta Pantun Janda Pantun Janji Pantun Jenaka Pencerai Muda Semenjak Aku Memandang","translated_text":"Young boy that love is not me a bird my old man my holy dew my dear mother don't be deceived male lover durhaka forget the world train in the waistline waiting for the traveller's fortune advice flowers fashion love fashion widow fashion promises fashion brand young divorce since I watched","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Akun Twitter Penggemar Abdul Hadi Mahdami Halaman penggemar di situs web Facebook Artikel tentang Abdul Hadi Mahdami di weblog Blogspot","translated_text":"Twitter account Fan of Abdul Hadi Mahdami Fan page on the Facebook website Article about Abdul Hadi Mahdami on the blogspot","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172022/https://twitter.com/#!/amihadi |date=2015-12-08 }}","char_index":42,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172022/https://twitter.com/#!/amihadi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.066150-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812200350/https://www.facebook.com/AdunHulu/ |date=2023-08-12 }}","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230812200350/https://www.facebook.com/AdunHulu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.134912-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100547/http://geischalifah.blogspot.com/2008/07/sang-maestro-hadi-mahdami.html |date=2016-03-05 }}","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100547/http://geischalifah.blogspot.com/2008/07/sang-maestro-hadi-mahdami.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.204549-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pemusik Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Bogor","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian musicians Category:People from Bogor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Akun Twitter Penggemar Abdul Hadi Mahdami Halaman penggemar di situs web Facebook Artikel tentang Abdul Hadi Mahdami di weblog Blogspot","translated_text":"Twitter account Fan of Abdul Hadi Mahdami Fan page on the Facebook website Article about Abdul Hadi Mahdami on the blogspot","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172022/https://twitter.com/#!/amihadi |date=2015-12-08 }}","char_index":42,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172022/https://twitter.com/#!/amihadi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.066150-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160305100547/http://geischalifah.blogspot.com/2008/07/sang-maestro-hadi-mahdami.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.204549-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Mas Selamat bin Kastari.jpg","wikicode":"by: [[:en:File:Mas Selamat bin Kastari.jpg]]\n{{Non-free use rationale\n|Article= Mas Selamat bin Kastari\n|Description= [[Interpol]] Wanted Notice\n|Source=[http://www.interpol.int/Public/News/2008/OrangeNotice20080228.asp INTERPOL issues global alert for suspected terror leader following escape from Singapore jail]\n|Portion=\n|Low_resolution=Ya\n|Purpose=Foto ini adalah foto beresolusi rendah dan tidak bernilai komersial. Penggunaan foto ini juga tidak menyebabkan efek negatif terhadap pemilik foto.\n|Replaceability=Tidak. Walaupun yang bersangkutan masih hidup namun karena berada dalam tahanan, tidak dimungkinkan ada foto baru yang dapat dipakai.\n|other_information=\n}}\n{{ir-Mugshot}}","hash":"3c4d1391a6dae1e50cceb10cdfb21accc378ada45501bf17d90119800385ce09","last_revision":"2017-05-02T07:45:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T09:16:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.495508","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"by:\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"by:","translated_text":"by:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Komunikata","wikicode":"{{Infobox Television|\n| show_name = Komunikata\n| genre = [[Kuis]]\n| country = {{negaranama|Indonesia}}\n| creator = Robert \"Bob\" Noah
Bruce Forsyth\n| based_on = ''Bruce Forsyth's Hot Streak'' dari [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| company = [[Pearson Television]] (2000–2002)
[[FremantleMedia]] (2002–2005, 2018)
[[Fremantle (rumah produksi)|Fremantle]] (2018-sekarang)\n| network = [[MNCTV|TPI]] (2000-2005)
[[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]] (2018-2019)\n| num_seasons = 2\n| num_episodes = 1.432\n| related = ''[[Katakan Katamu]]'' (ANTV, 2010–2011)
''[[Kata Bergaya]]'' (ANTV, 2014–2015)\n| website = www.komunikata.co.id\n}}\n{{infobox television\n| name = Komunikata Musim I\n| image = \n| runtime = 30 menit\n| network = [[MNCTV|TPI]]\n| presenter = [[Isam Surentu]] (Sep '00-Jun '05)
[[Indra Bekti]] (Jun-Sep '05)\n| narrated = Nusri Nurdin\n| first_aired = 25 September 2000\n| last_aired = 30 September 2005\n| num_episodes = 1.310\n| preceded_by = \n| followed_by = [[Komunikata Musim II]] (GTV, 2018)\n}}\n{{infobox television\n| name = Komunikata Musim II\n| image = \n| runtime = 60 & 75 menit (dengan iklan)\n| network = [[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]] \n| presenter = [[Choky Sitohang]] (Mar-Mei '18)
[[John Martin Tumbel]] (Mei '18-Feb '19)\n| narrated = Nusri Nurdin (sebagai Mr. Kata)\n| first_aired = 26 Maret 2018\n| last_aired = 19 Februari 2019\n| num_episodes = 122\n| preceded_by = [[Komunikata Musim I]] (TPI, 2000–2005)\n| followed_by = \n}}\n\n'''''Komunikata''''' adalah sebuah [[kuis]] [[Indonesia]] berdasarkan lisensi [[Hot Streak]] milik [[FremantleMedia]] sejak tanggal 25 September 2000 sampai 30 September 2005 di [[MNCTV|TPI]] (sekarang [[MNCTV]]). Kuis ini dimulai berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Penerangan tanggal 4 September 2000. Dalam acara ini, dua kelompok kontestan saling adu kemampuan berkomunikasi dan berkata-kata. Acara ini dibawakan oleh [[Isam Surentu]] yang kemudian digantikan [[Indra Bekti]] pada empat bulan terakhir penayangannya. Kuis ini kemudian bereinkarnasi menjadi ''[[Katakan Katamu]]'' ([[ANTV]], 2010–2011) dan [[Kata Bergaya]] ([[Antv]], 2014-2015). Selama balapan [[Formula Satu]] di [[MNCTV|TPI]], kuis ini ditayangkan sebelum acara balapan untuk seri [[Grand Prix Eropa|Eropa]] dan [[Grand Prix Bahrain|Timur Tengah]].\n\nAcara ini pun kembali hadir untuk terakhir kalinya dengan judul Komunikata Indonesia, dimana kali ini ditayangkan di [[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]] pada tanggal 26 Maret 2018 dan acara ini dibawakan oleh [[Choky Sitohang]] hingga 11 Mei 2018. Dan mulai 14 Mei 2018 digantikan oleh [[John Martin Tumbel]] hingga episode terakhirnya 19 Februari 2019.\n\n\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* http://www.detikhot.com/read/2005/01/05/144734/267635/231/komunikata-pindah-jam-tayang\n{{Perkuisan Indonesia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Acara kuis Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Acara kuis berlisensi internasional]]\n[[Kategori:Acara televisi berlisensi Internasional]]\n[[Kategori:Acara televisi MNCTV]]\n[[Kategori:Acara televisi GTV]]","hash":"22180da3955ad35ace184c96a9e294480b11a923f78fb6f985b8162a4aadb609","last_revision":"2024-02-19T00:18:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T09:19:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:38.551978","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Bruce Forsyth's Hot Streak"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.596788","text":"Komunikata adalah sebuah kuis Indonesia berdasarkan lisensi Hot Streak milik FremantleMedia sejak tanggal 25 September 2000 sampai 30 September 2005 di TPI (sekarang MNCTV). Kuis ini dimulai berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Penerangan tanggal 4 September 2000. Dalam acara ini, dua kelompok kontestan saling adu kemampuan berkomunikasi dan berkata-kata. Acara ini dibawakan oleh Isam Surentu yang kemudian digantikan Indra Bekti pada empat bulan terakhir penayangannya. Kuis ini kemudian bereinkarnasi menjadi Katakan Katamu (ANTV, 2010–2011) dan Kata Bergaya (Antv, 2014-2015). Selama balapan Formula Satu di TPI, kuis ini ditayangkan sebelum acara balapan untuk seri Eropa dan Timur Tengah.\n\nAcara ini pun kembali hadir untuk terakhir kalinya dengan judul Komunikata Indonesia, dimana kali ini ditayangkan di GTV pada tanggal 26 Maret 2018 dan acara ini dibawakan oleh Choky Sitohang hingga 11 Mei 2018. Dan mulai 14 Mei 2018 digantikan oleh John Martin Tumbel hingga episode terakhirnya 19 Februari 2019.\n\nKategori:Acara kuis Indonesia Kategori:Acara kuis berlisensi internasional Kategori:Acara televisi berlisensi Internasional Kategori:Acara televisi MNCTV Kategori:Acara televisi GTV\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Television|\n| show_name = Komunikata\n| genre = [[Kuis]]\n| country = {{negaranama|Indonesia}}\n| creator = Robert \"Bob\" Noah
Bruce Forsyth\n| based_on = ''Bruce Forsyth's Hot Streak'' dari [[Amerika Serikat]]\n| company = [[Pearson Television]] (2000–2002)
[[FremantleMedia]] (2002–2005, 2018)
[[Fremantle (rumah produksi)|Fremantle]] (2018-sekarang)\n| network = [[MNCTV|TPI]] (2000-2005)
[[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]] (2018-2019)\n| num_seasons = 2\n| num_episodes = 1.432\n| related = ''[[Katakan Katamu]]'' (ANTV, 2010–2011)
''[[Kata Bergaya]]'' (ANTV, 2014–2015)\n| website = www.komunikata.co.id\n}}"},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television\n| name = Komunikata Musim I\n| image = \n| runtime = 30 menit\n| network = [[MNCTV|TPI]]\n| presenter = [[Isam Surentu]] (Sep '00-Jun '05)
[[Indra Bekti]] (Jun-Sep '05)\n| narrated = Nusri Nurdin\n| first_aired = 25 September 2000\n| last_aired = 30 September 2005\n| num_episodes = 1.310\n| preceded_by = \n| followed_by = [[Komunikata Musim II]] (GTV, 2018)\n}}"},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television\n| name = Komunikata Musim II\n| image = \n| runtime = 60 & 75 menit (dengan iklan)\n| network = [[GTV (Indonesia)|GTV]] \n| presenter = [[Choky Sitohang]] (Mar-Mei '18)
[[John Martin Tumbel]] (Mei '18-Feb '19)\n| narrated = Nusri Nurdin (sebagai Mr. Kata)\n| first_aired = 26 Maret 2018\n| last_aired = 19 Februari 2019\n| num_episodes = 122\n| preceded_by = [[Komunikata Musim I]] (TPI, 2000–2005)\n| followed_by = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Komunikata adalah sebuah kuis Indonesia berdasarkan lisensi Hot Streak milik FremantleMedia sejak tanggal 25 September 2000 sampai 30 September 2005 di TPI (sekarang MNCTV).","translated_text":"Komunikata is an Indonesian quiz show based on the Hot Streak license owned by FremantleMedia from September 25, 2000 to September 30, 2005 on TPI (now MNCTV).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kuis ini dimulai berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Penerangan tanggal 4 September 2000.","translated_text":"The questionnaire was initiated by the Decree of the Minister of Information dated September 4, 2000.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam acara ini, dua kelompok kontestan saling adu kemampuan berkomunikasi dan berkata-kata.","translated_text":"In this show, two groups of contestants compete against each other for their ability to communicate and speak.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Acara ini dibawakan oleh Isam Surentu yang kemudian digantikan Indra Bekti pada empat bulan terakhir penayangannya.","translated_text":"The show was hosted by Isam Surentu who was later replaced by Indra Bekti in the last four months of its run.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kuis ini kemudian bereinkarnasi menjadi Katakan Katamu (ANTV, 2010–2011) dan Kata Bergaya (Antv, 2014-2015).","translated_text":"The quiz was later incarnated into Say What You Say (ANTV, 2010 ⁇ 2011) and Word Style (Antv, 2014-2015).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama balapan Formula Satu di TPI, kuis ini ditayangkan sebelum acara balapan untuk seri Eropa dan Timur Tengah.","translated_text":"During the Formula One race at the TPI, this quiz was aired before the race event for the European and Middle Eastern series.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Acara ini pun kembali hadir untuk terakhir kalinya dengan judul Komunikata Indonesia, dimana kali ini ditayangkan di GTV pada tanggal 26 Maret 2018 dan acara ini dibawakan oleh Choky Sitohang hingga 11 Mei 2018.","translated_text":"The show also returned for the last time under the title Komunikata Indonesia, which this time aired on GTV on March 26, 2018 and the show was hosted by Choky Sitohang until May 11, 2018.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan mulai 14 Mei 2018 digantikan oleh John Martin Tumbel hingga episode terakhirnya 19 Februari 2019.","translated_text":"And from 14 May 2018 he was replaced by John Martin Tumbel until his final episode on 19 February 2019.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Acara kuis Indonesia Kategori:Acara kuis berlisensi internasional Kategori:Acara televisi berlisensi Internasional Kategori:Acara televisi MNCTV Kategori:Acara televisi GTV","translated_text":":Indonesian quiz show Category:International licensed quiz show Category:International licensed television show Category:MNCTV television show Category:GTV television show","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Berkas:Rihanna LGOET 16-08-5.jpg","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Gambar Rihanna]]","hash":"f58f615ae632c47284dbdc36b446ac179a4ce7605adc255a6e9c97ef387f29dc","last_revision":"2012-05-28T07:51:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T09:37:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:39.786918","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kategori:Gambar Rihanna\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Gambar Rihanna","translated_text":"This is Rihanna.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Rihanna AMA 2009 Red carpet.jpg","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Gambar Rihanna]]","hash":"f58f615ae632c47284dbdc36b446ac179a4ce7605adc255a6e9c97ef387f29dc","last_revision":"2012-05-28T07:51:03Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T09:37:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:39.845283","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kategori:Gambar Rihanna\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Gambar Rihanna","translated_text":"This is Rihanna.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Hya","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Hydra]]\n|name=Bintang Hya\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[1 Hydrae|1]] • [[2 Hydrae|2]] • [[3 Hydrae|3]] • [[Delta Hydrae|δ (Mawtinah)]] • [[Sigma Hydrae|σ (Minchir)]] • [[6 Hydrae|6]] • [[Eta Hydrae|η (Minazal ath Thani)]] • [[9 Hydrae|9]] • [[10 Hydrae|10]] • [[Epsilon Hydrae|ε (Ashlesha)]] • [[12 Hydrae|12]] • [[Rho Hydrae|ρ (Minazal ar Raabi)]] • [[14 Hydrae|14]] • [[15 Hydrae|15]] • [[Zeta Hydrae|ζ (Hydrobius)]] • [[17 Hydrae|17]] • [[Omega Hydrae|ω]] • [[19 Hydrae|19]] • [[20 Hydrae|20]] • [[21 Hydrae|21]] • [[Theta Hydrae|θ]] • [[23 Hydrae|23]] • [[24 Hydrae|24]] • [[25 Hydrae|25]] • [[26 Hydrae|26]] • [[27 Hydrae|27]] • [[28 Hydrae|28]] • [[29 Hydrae|29]] • [[Alpha Hydrae|α (Alphard)]] • [[Tau Hydrae|τ1 (Ukdah Prima)]] • [[Tau Hydrae|τ2 (Ukdah Secunda)]] • [[33 Hydrae|33 (Ukdah Tertia)]] • [[34 Hydrae|34]] • [[Iota Hydrae|ι (Ukdah Quarta)]] • [[37 Hydrae|37]] • [[Kappa Hydrae|κ]] • [[Upsilon1 Hydrae|υ1]] • [[Upsilon2 Hydrae|υ2]] • [[Lambda Hydrae|λ]] • [[Mu Hydrae|μ]] • [[43 Hydrae|43]] • [[44 Hydrae|44]] • [[Psi Hydrae|ψ]] • [[Gamma Hydrae|γ (Dhanab al Shuja)]] • [[47 Hydrae|47]] • [[48 Hydrae|48]] • [[Pi Hydrae|π (Sataghni)]] • [[50 Hydrae|50]] • [[51 Hydrae|51]] • [[52 Hydrae|52]] • [[54 Hydrae|54]] • [[55 Hydrae|55]] • [[56 Hydrae|56]] • [[57 Hydrae|57]] • [[58 Hydrae|58]] • [[59 Hydrae|59]] • [[60 Hydrae|60]] • [[Nu Hydrae|ν (Sherasiph)]] • [[Xi Hydrae|ξ]] • [[Beta Hydrae|β]] • [[Omicron Hydrae|ο]] • [[Phi Hydrae|φ3]] • [[Chi1 Hydrae|χ1]] • [[Chi2 Hydrae|χ2]] • [[Phi2 Hydrae|φ2]] • [[Phi1 Hydrae|φ1]] \n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Hydra|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"e9f747f6d17f6af325d956eabb06964d8383d63f6e7f989ba68e8252b5f869d0","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:21Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T09:47:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:39.910607","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Hyi","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Hydri]]\n|name=Bintang Hyi\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[Beta Hydri|β (Proxima Hydri)]] • [[Lambda Hydri|λ]] • [[Tau1 Hydri|τ1]] • [[Tau2 Hydri|τ2]] • [[Eta1 Hydri|η1]] • [[Eta2 Hydri|η2]] • [[Alpha Hydri|α (Head of Hydrus)]] • [[Sigma Hydri|σ]] • [[Pi1 Hydri|π1]] • [[Pi2 Hydri|π2]] • [[Delta Hydri|δ]] • [[Kappa Hydri|κ]] • [[Mu Hydri|μ]] • [[Epsilon Hydri|ε]] • [[Zeta Hydri|ζ]] • [[Nu Hydri|ν]] • [[Theta Hydri|θ]] • [[Iota Hydri|ι]] • [[Gamma Hydri|γ (Foo Pih)]]\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Hydri|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"43ba9c6fe2efc41fcb2ae7838401722eafe454b1c2525853777cacfa706e59cb","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T10:05:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:39.964549","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari","wikicode":"{{malay name|Mas Selamat|Kastari}}\n{{Infobox criminal\n|subject_name = '''Mas Selamat bin Kastari'''\n|image_name = Mas Selamat bin Kastari.jpg\n|image_size = 180px\n|image_caption = Berkas diambil dari dokumen situs [[Interpol]] \n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|1|23}}\n|died=\n|birth_place = [[Kabupaten Kendal|Kendal]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]] \n|placeofdeath=\n||charge = Tidak ada[{{cite news|title = Singapore should brace for attack if JI suspect flees island: Lee|url = http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hLa7OfclvB6XTxompK0tla4Wl--w|date = 2008-03-08|accessdate = 2008-03-22|author = Agence France-Presse|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080310231746/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hLa7OfclvB6XTxompK0tla4Wl--w|archivedate = 2008-03-10|dead-url = no}}]\n|conviction_penalty = \n|conviction_status = Masih ditahan oleh [[Kepolisian Kerajaan Malaysia]]\n|occupation = Mantan montir bis, Pemimpin [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] di [[Singapura]]\n|spouse = \n|parents =\n|children = Lima\n}}\n'''Mas Selamat bin Kastari''' ({{lahirmati||23|1|1961}}) merupakan orang [[Singapura]] asal [[Indonesia]], adalah [[buronan]] yang lebih dari satu tahun paling dicari di Singapura setelah melarikan diri dari tahanan pada tanggal 27 Februari 2008. Masa pencarian dia merupakan perburuan terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di Singapura.[Mas Selamat bisa bertahan selamanya: experts, ST, 4 Maret 2008] Dia akhirnya ditangkap kembali di [[Johor Bahru]], [[Malaysia]] pada tanggal 1 April 2009, lebih dari setahun setelah melarikan diri dan pada bulan September ia kembali ke Singapura untuk dipenjara ditempat sebelumnya untuk menghabiskan sisa hidupnya di sana.[http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_373899.html]\n\nMas Selamat bin Kastari konon digosipkan sebagai pemimpin organisasi militer [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] yang beroperasi di Singapura. Menurut penuturan polisi Singapura bahwa Mas Selamat juga menjadi dalang dari penawan sebuah [[pesawat terbang]] di [[Bangkok]] dan menabrakannya ke [[Bandar Udara Internasional Changi Singapura]]. Mas Selamat konon pernah berhasil ditangkap oleh pemerintah Indonesia karena ikut membantu beberapa siasat pada peristiwa pengeboman tahun 2001 dan 2002. Dia telah memalsukan identitasnya dengan memakai nama Edy Heriyanto.\n\n== Kehidupan awal ==\n\nLahir tahun 1961 di [[Kabupaten Kendal|Kendal, Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]], Mas Selamat dibesarkan di [[Kaki Bukit]], Singapura dengan kehidupan berlatarkan suasana [[kampung]] pada masa kanak-kanak. Ia bersekolah di Sekolah Dasar Kaki Bukit dengan panggilan \"Selamat\" oleh para tetangganya. Pada awal 1980-an, Mas Selamat pindah ke [[Bedok Reservoir]] di mana ia menikah dan mempunyai lima anak.[\"''anak Kampung, montir bus, pembuat bom, dan teroris ''\", Nur Dianah Suhaimi, [[The Straits Times|The Sunday Times]], 2 Maret 2008][[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/ 240463.asp berburu Buronan pergi]{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} global, Leong Wee Keat & Rosnah Ahmad, [[The Straits Times]], 1 Maret 2008][[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm Singapura memperluas perburuan] narapidana, [[Al Jazeera]], 29 Februari 2008] Anak-anaknya kemudian disekolahkan di Indonesia.\n\n== Keterlibatannya dengan JI ==\n\nMas Selamat diyakini untuk memulai keterlibatannya pada tahun 1990-an ketika dia bergabung dengan Darul Islam, sebuah gerakan pendahulu kelompok Jemaah Islamiah (JI). Pada tahun 1992, ia bergabung dengan sel JI Singapura dan dikirim ke Afghanistan untuk pelatihan setahun kemudian. Pada tahun 1998, ia mempelajari sistem pemerintahan Taliban.\n\nMas Selamat diduga menjadi anggota pergerakan [[Darul Islam]],pendahulu kelompok [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (JI) pada tahun 1990-an. Pada 1992 dia dikirim ke [[Afghanistan]] untuk menjalani latihan militer selama setahun.[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 2008] Ketika itu, para [[Taliban]] telah menguasai Afghanistan setelah berhasil mengalahkan para tentara Rusia pada tahun 1989. Pada tahun 1998 dia mempelajari sistem kerajaan [[Taliban]] sebelum pulang ke Singapura dengan semangat yang kuat untuk memperjuangkan pembangunan sebuah [[negara Islam]]. Negara Islam yang mengamalkan undang-undang Islam berasaskan [[al Quran]], mengharamkan [[arak]], [[judi]], [[zina]], [[obat]] kimia, dan sebagainya.\n\nMenurut pihak berwenang intelijen Singapura, Mas Selamat telah menemui [[Hambali]], pemimpin JI, dan mendiskusikan berbagai rencana teror, termasuk pembajakan pesawat dari [[Bangkok]] dan dijatuhkan ke [[Bandara Changi Singapura]].[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php Interpol isu-isu global mengenai teror buron Singapura], [[Associated Press]] ([[International Herald Tribune]]), 29 Februari 2008 (Lihat juga [http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305042719/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ |date=2008-03-05 }})][[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/28/world/asia/28singapore.html?ref=asia Tersangka Qaeda Melarikan Diri], [[The New York Times]], 28 Februari 2008] Dia melarikan diri dari Singapura pada tahun 2001 sebelum pemerintah melakukan operasi besar-besaran untuk menangkap 13 tersangka anggota JI pada Desember 2001.\n\n== Penangkapan ==\nMas Selamat sebelumnya telah ditangkap pada bulan Februari 2003 di pulau [[Bintan]], Indonesia, dalam penyelidikan polisi Indonesia karena telah membantu dalam beberapa pengeboman di Indonesia pada tahun 2001 dan 2002. Mas Selamat telah mengubah identitasnya, dengan mengganti namanya menjadi Edi Heriyanto dan memperoleh paspor Indonesia. Maka ditemukanlah sebuah literatur tentang pembuatan bom dan serangan bunuh diri. Dia kemudian dipenjara selama 18 bulan pada tahun 2003 dengan alasan pelanggaran imigrasi.[{{cite news|title = Singapore JI suspect nabbed in Java|publisher = The Star (Malaysia)|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation|access-date = 2021-12-25|archive-date = 2008-10-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081023144943/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F13220557&sec=nation|dead-url = yes}}] Selama jangka waktu pemenjaraan, ia patah kaki kirinya karena upaya untuk melarikan diri gagal ketika dia meloncat dari ketinggian, sehingga dia mengalami pincang permanen.[ Dia kemudiannya dibebaskan pada tahun 2005. Namun setelah dibebaskan, Mas Selamat tidak diserahkan ke Singapura karena antara Indonesia dengan Singapura belum memiliki [[perjanjian ekstradisi]].\n\nPada tanggal 20 Januari 2006, ia ditangkap lagi karena menggunakan kartu identitas palsu [[Jawa]], di mana ia mengunjungi anaknya yang sedang mengenyam pendidikan di sebuah sekolah agama di [[Pulau Bintan]]. Singapura meminta Mas Selamat di[[ekstradisi]] dan akhirnya ia pun diserahkan ke Singapura pada tanggal 3 Februari 2006,][{{cite news|title = Indonesia sends terror suspect to Singapore-police|publisher = Reuters|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm|access-date = 2010-10-26|archive-date = 2006-02-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060212074614/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm|dead-url = yes}}] di mana ia ditahan di Singapura di bawah pimpinan [[Internal Security Act (Singapura)|Internal Security Act]] tanpa melalui pengadilan,[{{cite news|title = JI terror suspect sent back to Singapore after arrest in Indonesia|publisher = Channel NewsAsia|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html|access-date = 2010-10-26|archive-date = 2006-02-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060207073836/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html|dead-url = yes}}] Pihak berwenang intelijen Malaysia juga ingin memberi pertanyaan Mas Selamat yang telah sering berkunjung ke [[Johor]] sebelum melarikan diri ke Indonesia.[\n\n== Melarikan diri ==\n[[Berkas:WantedPosterMasSomerset.JPG|jmpl|ka|300px|Terlihat poster pencarian ada dimana-mana setelah buronan melarikan diri dari Singapura, seperti yang satu ini di [[Stasiun MRT Somerset]].]]\nPukul 16:05 hari Rabu, tanggal 27 Februari 2008, pemimpin JI ini melarikan diri dari [[Pusat Penahanan Jalan Whitley]] di mana ia sedang ditahan.][{{cite news|title = JI detainee Mas Selamat Kastari escapes from Singapore detention centre|publisher = Channel NewsAsia|date = 27 February 2008|url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html|access-date = 2010-10-27|archive-date = 2008-03-07|archive-url = https://archive.today/20080307191435/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html|dead-url = yes}}][[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html Massive manhunt for escaped JI terror leader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229175713/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html |date=2008-02-29 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 27 Februari 2008] Keluarganya mengunjungi dia pada waktu itu, dan dia digiring ke kamar untuk bertemu mereka ketika ia meminta untuk pergi ke toilet. Dia kemudian melarikan diri.[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html JI leader escaped from toilet in detention centre due to 'security lapse'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010451/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Chong Chee Kin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008][[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop Singapore: Terror suspect fled toilet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025221/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[Associated Press]] ([[CNN]]), 28 Februari 2008] Sebuah pemburuan besar-besaran yang terdiri dari kelompok [[Kepolisian Singapura]], [[Kontinjensi Gurkha]], [[Unit Taktik Polisi]], dan [[Polisi Nasional Layanan Kunci Instalasi Unit Perlindungan]] segera dikerahkan di sekitar daerah itu. Mereka kemudian dibantu oleh anggota [[Pengawal Singapura]] dan [[Komando Militer Polisi Negara Singapura]], sebelum operasi itu selama lebih dari 17 jam kemudian tanpa keberhasilan dalam menemukan buronan, yang diyakini tidak bersenjata .[{{Cite web |url=http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165 |title=Ministry of Home Affairs - Ministry of Home Affairs News Release on Mas Selamat bin Kastari |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2008-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301093710/http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165 |dead-url=yes }}]\n\nPihak berwenang mengatakan keamanan sangat ketat di pusat penahanan dan dilakukan studi independen untuk menentukan bagaimana buronan tersebut melarikan diri.[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html Escape of JI leader: How can this happen in S'pore?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010554/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008][[http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html Escape makes headlines overseas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303234445/http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html |date=2008-03-03 }}, Mavis Toh, [[The Straits Times]], 2 Maret 2008] Ini membuat malu bagi pemerintah Singapura,[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ Singapore gov't butt of jokes after prison escape], [[Agence France-Presse]], 3 Maret 2008][[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp Dangers of a bunker mentality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306110136/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp |date=2008-03-06 }}, P N Balji, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 3 Maret 2008] dan banyak pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh publik dan pers.[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html SCGS steps up checks, security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010641/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Lee Pei Qi & Teh Joo Lin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008][[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp Where is Mas Selamat?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304005520/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp |date=2008-03-04 }}, Alicia Wong & Rosnah Ahmad, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 29 Februari 2008] Indonesia dan Malaysia mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah meningkatkan keamanan perbatasan negara sendiri setelah kejadian ini.[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html Indonesia joins hunt for S'pore terror fugitive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301082500/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008][[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html M'sian police tighten border security with S'pore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301082440/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008] Pemerintah berwenang menerima lebih dari 1100 panggilan atas penampakan Mas Selamat. Penampakan awal dia di jalan belakang dekat MacRitchie Reservoir mengarah ke Toa Payoh Lorong 1 kanan belakang perkebuanan Braddell View.\n\n=== Reaksi Publik ===\n\nRespon dari sektor-sektor tertentu dari masyarakat telah tajam kritis, terutama di internet.[[http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/ Bloggers’ reaction to JI leader’s escape] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516073431/http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/ |date=2008-05-16 }}, The Online Citizen, 28 Februari 2008][[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306190633/http://singaporedaily.wordpress.com/ji-terrorist-escapes/ JI Terrorist Escapes], The Singapore Daily, 3 Maret 2008] [[Agence France-Presse]] mencatat bagaimana \"Terorisme biasanya bukanlah bahan tertawaan, terutama di Singapura yang keamanan sangat disadari, tetapi melarikan diri dari tahanan tersangka ekstremis Islam pincang telah menyebabkan cemoohan di Internet.\"[[http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSSP29412620080306 Singapore faces blogging ire over militant escape], [[Reuters]], 6 Maret 2008] Spekulasi kebanyakan terdapat di chatroom internet dan blog, kadang-kadang berbatasan dengan kepercayaan bahwa insiden melarikan diri itu menggunakan ilmu hitam atau kolaborasi insider. Ada klaim teori konspirasi, seperti pernyataan bahwa Mas Selamat telah meninggal dalam penahanan atau bahwa ia membiarkan keluar karena pihak berwenang untuk membantu mencari teroris lainnya, juga dikomentarkan oleh komunitas online.[\"Mas Selamat wins in blame game\", ST, 15 Mar 2008.]\n\nKritik juga diarahkan kepada [[Wong Kan Seng]], Menteri Dalam Negeri di Singapura, berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa berita Mas Selamat melarikan diri itu tidak disebarluaskan kepada publik sampai empat jam setelah kejadian tersebut. Publik tidak diberi rincian apapun sampai hari berikutnya di sesi parlemen. Wong kemudian harus mengutip sebuah pihak keamanan terpimpin sebagai alasan untuk melarikan diri dan mengungkapkan bahwa Mas Selamat melarikan diri ketika ia dibawa ke toilet sebelum pertemuan di Ruang Kunjungan.[Pihak Keamanan penyebab pemimpin JI Mas Selamat melarikan diri, kata DPM Wong, Channelnewsasia.com, 28 Feb 2008.]\n\nPada tanggal 2 Maret 2008, ia mengumumkan bahwa Komite Penyelidikan Independen yang diketuai oleh mantan hakim Goh Joon Seng, akan dibentuk untuk mencari tahu bagaimana pelarian itu terjadi.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n{{lifetime|1961||Kastari, Mas Selamat bin}}\n\n[[Kategori:Jemaah Islamiyah]]","hash":"50f6c427771e73544091e689cb35921668c3426df2f5b44d010c03adc8f374ff","last_revision":"2023-12-17T17:37:54Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T10:08:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.021372","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari","en":"Mas Selamat Kastari","ms":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari","zh":"马士沙拉末"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () merupakan orang Singapura asal Indonesia, adalah buronan yang lebih dari satu tahun paling dicari di Singapura setelah melarikan diri dari tahanan pada tanggal 27 Februari 2008. Masa pencarian dia merupakan perburuan terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di Singapura. Dia akhirnya ditangkap kembali di Johor Bahru, Malaysia pada tanggal 1 April 2009, lebih dari setahun setelah melarikan diri dan pada bulan September ia kembali ke Singapura untuk dipenjara ditempat sebelumnya untuk menghabiskan sisa hidupnya di sana.\n\nMas Selamat bin Kastari konon digosipkan sebagai pemimpin organisasi militer Jemaah Islamiyah yang beroperasi di Singapura. Menurut penuturan polisi Singapura bahwa Mas Selamat juga menjadi dalang dari penawan sebuah pesawat terbang di Bangkok dan menabrakannya ke Bandar Udara Internasional Changi Singapura. Mas Selamat konon pernah berhasil ditangkap oleh pemerintah Indonesia karena ikut membantu beberapa siasat pada peristiwa pengeboman tahun 2001 dan 2002. Dia telah memalsukan identitasnya dengan memakai nama Edy Heriyanto.\n\nLahir tahun 1961 di Kendal, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Mas Selamat dibesarkan di Kaki Bukit, Singapura dengan kehidupan berlatarkan suasana kampung pada masa kanak-kanak. Ia bersekolah di Sekolah Dasar Kaki Bukit dengan panggilan \"Selamat\" oleh para tetangganya. Pada awal 1980-an, Mas Selamat pindah ke Bedok Reservoir di mana ia menikah dan mempunyai lima anak. Anak-anaknya kemudian disekolahkan di Indonesia.\n\nMas Selamat diyakini untuk memulai keterlibatannya pada tahun 1990-an ketika dia bergabung dengan Darul Islam, sebuah gerakan pendahulu kelompok Jemaah Islamiah (JI). Pada tahun 1992, ia bergabung dengan sel JI Singapura dan dikirim ke Afghanistan untuk pelatihan setahun kemudian. Pada tahun 1998, ia mempelajari sistem pemerintahan Taliban.\n\nMas Selamat diduga menjadi anggota pergerakan Darul Islam,pendahulu kelompok Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) pada tahun 1990-an. Pada 1992 dia dikirim ke Afghanistan untuk menjalani latihan militer selama setahun. Ketika itu, para Taliban telah menguasai Afghanistan setelah berhasil mengalahkan para tentara Rusia pada tahun 1989. Pada tahun 1998 dia mempelajari sistem kerajaan Taliban sebelum pulang ke Singapura dengan semangat yang kuat untuk memperjuangkan pembangunan sebuah negara Islam. Negara Islam yang mengamalkan undang-undang Islam berasaskan al Quran, mengharamkan arak, judi, zina, obat kimia, dan sebagainya.\n\nMenurut pihak berwenang intelijen Singapura, Mas Selamat telah menemui Hambali, pemimpin JI, dan mendiskusikan berbagai rencana teror, termasuk pembajakan pesawat dari Bangkok dan dijatuhkan ke Bandara Changi Singapura. Dia melarikan diri dari Singapura pada tahun 2001 sebelum pemerintah melakukan operasi besar-besaran untuk menangkap 13 tersangka anggota JI pada Desember 2001.\n\nMas Selamat sebelumnya telah ditangkap pada bulan Februari 2003 di pulau Bintan, Indonesia, dalam penyelidikan polisi Indonesia karena telah membantu dalam beberapa pengeboman di Indonesia pada tahun 2001 dan 2002. Mas Selamat telah mengubah identitasnya, dengan mengganti namanya menjadi Edi Heriyanto dan memperoleh paspor Indonesia. Maka ditemukanlah sebuah literatur tentang pembuatan bom dan serangan bunuh diri. Dia kemudian dipenjara selama 18 bulan pada tahun 2003 dengan alasan pelanggaran imigrasi. Selama jangka waktu pemenjaraan, ia patah kaki kirinya karena upaya untuk melarikan diri gagal ketika dia meloncat dari ketinggian, sehingga dia mengalami pincang permanen. Dia kemudiannya dibebaskan pada tahun 2005. Namun setelah dibebaskan, Mas Selamat tidak diserahkan ke Singapura karena antara Indonesia dengan Singapura belum memiliki perjanjian ekstradisi.\n\nPada tanggal 20 Januari 2006, ia ditangkap lagi karena menggunakan kartu identitas palsu Jawa, di mana ia mengunjungi anaknya yang sedang mengenyam pendidikan di sebuah sekolah agama di Pulau Bintan. Singapura meminta Mas Selamat diekstradisi dan akhirnya ia pun diserahkan ke Singapura pada tanggal 3 Februari 2006, di mana ia ditahan di Singapura di bawah pimpinan Internal Security Act tanpa melalui pengadilan, Pihak berwenang intelijen Malaysia juga ingin memberi pertanyaan Mas Selamat yang telah sering berkunjung ke Johor sebelum melarikan diri ke Indonesia.\n\nPukul 16:05 hari Rabu, tanggal 27 Februari 2008, pemimpin JI ini melarikan diri dari Pusat Penahanan Jalan Whitley di mana ia sedang ditahan. Keluarganya mengunjungi dia pada waktu itu, dan dia digiring ke kamar untuk bertemu mereka ketika ia meminta untuk pergi ke toilet. Dia kemudian melarikan diri. Sebuah pemburuan besar-besaran yang terdiri dari kelompok Kepolisian Singapura, Kontinjensi Gurkha, Unit Taktik Polisi, dan Polisi Nasional Layanan Kunci Instalasi Unit Perlindungan segera dikerahkan di sekitar daerah itu. Mereka kemudian dibantu oleh anggota Pengawal Singapura dan Komando Militer Polisi Negara Singapura, sebelum operasi itu selama lebih dari 17 jam kemudian tanpa keberhasilan dalam menemukan buronan, yang diyakini tidak bersenjata .\n\nPihak berwenang mengatakan keamanan sangat ketat di pusat penahanan dan dilakukan studi independen untuk menentukan bagaimana buronan tersebut melarikan diri. Wakil Perdana Menteri Wong Kan Seng mengakui bahwa selang keamanan menyebabkan melarikan diri, dan segala sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan untuk menangkap kembali Mas Selamat. Fasilitas Jalan Onraet memiliki penjaga bersenjata, pagar kawat tinggi dan kamera CCTV. Reaksi melarikan diri itu penuh dengan kejutan dan ke-tidak-percaya-an pada apa yang menggambarkan pengamat Barat sebagai negara di mana \"pelanggaran keamanan yang hampir tidak terdengar\". Ini membuat malu bagi pemerintah Singapura, dan banyak pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh publik dan pers. Keamanan di sekitar sekolah-sekolah di daerah itu juga ditingkatkan untuk menjamin orang tua yang khawatir. Indonesia dan Malaysia mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah meningkatkan keamanan perbatasan negara sendiri setelah kejadian ini. Pemerintah berwenang menerima lebih dari 1100 panggilan atas penampakan Mas Selamat. Penampakan awal dia di jalan belakang dekat MacRitchie Reservoir mengarah ke Toa Payoh Lorong 1 kanan belakang perkebuanan Braddell View.\n\nRespon dari sektor-sektor tertentu dari masyarakat telah tajam kritis, terutama di internet. Agence France-Presse mencatat bagaimana \"Terorisme biasanya bukanlah bahan tertawaan, terutama di Singapura yang keamanan sangat disadari, tetapi melarikan diri dari tahanan tersangka ekstremis Islam pincang telah menyebabkan cemoohan di Internet.\" Kritikus di Internet juga menuduh media pro-pemerintah berusaha mengalihkan insiden itu dengan banyak isu-isu yang berkaitan. Spekulasi kebanyakan terdapat di chatroom internet dan blog, kadang-kadang berbatasan dengan kepercayaan bahwa insiden melarikan diri itu menggunakan ilmu hitam atau kolaborasi insider. Ada klaim teori konspirasi, seperti pernyataan bahwa Mas Selamat telah meninggal dalam penahanan atau bahwa ia membiarkan keluar karena pihak berwenang untuk membantu mencari teroris lainnya, juga dikomentarkan oleh komunitas online.\n\nKritik juga diarahkan kepada Wong Kan Seng, Menteri Dalam Negeri di Singapura, berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa berita Mas Selamat melarikan diri itu tidak disebarluaskan kepada publik sampai empat jam setelah kejadian tersebut. Publik tidak diberi rincian apapun sampai hari berikutnya di sesi parlemen. Wong kemudian harus mengutip sebuah pihak keamanan terpimpin sebagai alasan untuk melarikan diri dan mengungkapkan bahwa Mas Selamat melarikan diri ketika ia dibawa ke toilet sebelum pertemuan di Ruang Kunjungan.\n\nPada tanggal 2 Maret 2008, ia mengumumkan bahwa Komite Penyelidikan Independen yang diketuai oleh mantan hakim Goh Joon Seng, akan dibentuk untuk mencari tahu bagaimana pelarian itu terjadi.\n\nKategori:Jemaah Islamiyah\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox criminal\n|subject_name = '''Mas Selamat bin Kastari'''\n|image_name = Mas Selamat bin Kastari.jpg\n|image_size = 180px\n|image_caption = Berkas diambil dari dokumen situs [[Interpol]] \n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|1|23}}\n|died=\n|birth_place = [[Kabupaten Kendal|Kendal]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]] \n|placeofdeath=\n||charge = Tidak ada[{{cite news|title = Singapore should brace for attack if JI suspect flees island: Lee|url = http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hLa7OfclvB6XTxompK0tla4Wl--w|date = 2008-03-08|accessdate = 2008-03-22|author = Agence France-Presse|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080310231746/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hLa7OfclvB6XTxompK0tla4Wl--w|archivedate = 2008-03-10|dead-url = no}}]\n|conviction_penalty = \n|conviction_status = Masih ditahan oleh [[Kepolisian Kerajaan Malaysia]]\n|occupation = Mantan montir bis, Pemimpin [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] di [[Singapura]]\n|spouse = \n|parents =\n|children = Lima\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () merupakan orang Singapura asal Indonesia, adalah buronan yang lebih dari satu tahun paling dicari di Singapura setelah melarikan diri dari tahanan pada tanggal 27 Februari 2008.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () is an Indonesian-born Singaporean who was Singapore's most wanted fugitive for over a year after escaping from custody on February 27, 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa pencarian dia merupakan perburuan terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di Singapura.","translated_text":"The time of his search was the largest ever hunted in Singapore.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Mas Selamat bisa bertahan selamanya: experts, ST, 4 Maret 2008]","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia akhirnya ditangkap kembali di Johor Bahru, Malaysia pada tanggal 1 April 2009, lebih dari setahun setelah melarikan diri dan pada bulan September ia kembali ke Singapura untuk dipenjara ditempat sebelumnya untuk menghabiskan sisa hidupnya di sana.","translated_text":"He was finally re-arrested in Johor Bahru, Malaysia on 1 April 2009, over a year after escaping and in September he returned to Singapore to be imprisoned at the previous location to spend the rest of his life there.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_373899.html]","char_index":251,"name":null,"url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_373899.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.279078-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari konon digosipkan sebagai pemimpin organisasi militer Jemaah Islamiyah yang beroperasi di Singapura.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari is said to be the leader of the Jemaah Islamiyah military organization operating in Singapore.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut penuturan polisi Singapura bahwa Mas Selamat juga menjadi dalang dari penawan sebuah pesawat terbang di Bangkok dan menabrakannya ke Bandar Udara Internasional Changi Singapura.","translated_text":"According to a Singapore police statement, Mas Selamat was also the target of a hijacked plane in Bangkok and crashed into Singapore's Changi International Airport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mas Selamat konon pernah berhasil ditangkap oleh pemerintah Indonesia karena ikut membantu beberapa siasat pada peristiwa pengeboman tahun 2001 dan 2002.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat is said to have been arrested by the Indonesian government for assisting in several bombings in 2001 and 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia telah memalsukan identitasnya dengan memakai nama Edy Heriyanto.","translated_text":"He has forged his identity by using the name Edy Heriyanto.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan awal","translated_text":"Early life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lahir tahun 1961 di Kendal, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Mas Selamat dibesarkan di Kaki Bukit, Singapura dengan kehidupan berlatarkan suasana kampung pada masa kanak-kanak.","translated_text":"Born in 1961 in Kendal, Central Java, Indonesia, Mas Selamat grew up in Kaki Bukit, Singapore with a village-style life as a child.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia bersekolah di Sekolah Dasar Kaki Bukit dengan panggilan \"Selamat\" oleh para tetangganya.","translated_text":"He attended the Hill Feet Elementary School with the nickname \"Hello\" by his neighbors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada awal 1980-an, Mas Selamat pindah ke Bedok Reservoir di mana ia menikah dan mempunyai lima anak.","translated_text":"In the early 1980s, Mas Selamat moved to Bedok Reservoir where he married and had five children.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[\"''anak Kampung, montir bus, pembuat bom, dan teroris ''\", Nur Dianah Suhaimi, [[The Straits Times|The Sunday Times]], 2 Maret 2008]","char_index":100,"name":"st-mar2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/ 240463.asp berburu Buronan pergi]{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} global, Leong Wee Keat & Rosnah Ahmad, [[The Straits Times]], 1 Maret 2008]","char_index":100,"name":"today-mar1","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":965,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.742322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm Singapura memperluas perburuan] narapidana, [[Al Jazeera]], 29 Februari 2008]","char_index":100,"name":"aljazeera","url":"http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":411967,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.825837-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.398193359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak","translated_text":"The child","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-anaknya kemudian disekolahkan di Indonesia.","translated_text":"- His son was then sent to school in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keterlibatannya dengan JI","translated_text":"His involvement with J.I.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mas Selamat diyakini untuk memulai keterlibatannya pada tahun 1990-an ketika dia bergabung dengan Darul Islam, sebuah gerakan pendahulu kelompok Jemaah Islamiah (JI).","translated_text":"Mas Selamat is believed to have started his involvement in the 1990s when he joined Darul Islam, a precursor movement of the Islamic Jihad (JI) group.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1992, ia bergabung dengan sel JI Singapura dan dikirim ke Afghanistan untuk pelatihan setahun kemudian.","translated_text":"In 1992, he joined the Singapore JI cell and was sent to Afghanistan for training a year later.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1998, ia mempelajari sistem pemerintahan Taliban.","translated_text":"In 1998, he studied the Taliban system of government.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mas Selamat diduga menjadi anggota pergerakan Darul Islam,pendahulu kelompok Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) pada tahun 1990-an.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat is believed to be a member of the Darul Islam movement, the forerunner of the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) group in the 1990s.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 1992 dia dikirim ke Afghanistan untuk menjalani latihan militer selama setahun.","translated_text":"In 1992 he was sent to Afghanistan for a year of military training.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 2008]","char_index":84,"name":"st-broke","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.928085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 2008]","char_index":84,"name":"st-broke","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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state.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Negara Islam yang mengamalkan undang-undang Islam berasaskan al Quran, mengharamkan arak, judi, zina, obat kimia, dan sebagainya.","translated_text":"Islamic states that practice Islamic law based on the Qur'an, prohibit alcohol, gambling, adultery, chemical drugs, and so on.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut pihak berwenang intelijen Singapura, Mas Selamat telah menemui Hambali, pemimpin JI, dan mendiskusikan berbagai rencana teror, termasuk pembajakan pesawat dari Bangkok dan dijatuhkan ke Bandara Changi Singapura.","translated_text":"According to Singaporean intelligence officials, Mas Selamat has met with Hambali, the leader of JI, and discussed various terrorist plans, including hijacking a plane from Bangkok and dropping it at Singapore's Changi Airport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php Interpol isu-isu global mengenai teror buron Singapura], [[Associated Press]] ([[International Herald Tribune]]), 29 Februari 2008 (Lihat juga [http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305042719/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ |date=2008-03-05 }})]","char_index":219,"name":"ap-iht","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.346129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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changing his name to Edi Heriyanto and gaining an Indonesian passport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka ditemukanlah sebuah literatur tentang pembuatan bom dan serangan bunuh diri.","translated_text":"Then a literature was discovered on the making of bombs and suicide attacks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia kemudian dipenjara selama 18 bulan pada tahun 2003 dengan alasan pelanggaran imigrasi.","translated_text":"He was subsequently jailed for 18 months in 2003 for immigration offenses.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|title = Singapore JI suspect nabbed in Java|publisher = The Star (Malaysia)|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation|access-date = 2021-12-25|archive-date = 2008-10-23|archive-url = 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permanent cramping.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[\"''anak Kampung, montir bus, pembuat bom, dan teroris ''\", Nur Dianah Suhaimi, [[The Straits Times|The Sunday Times]], 2 Maret 2008]","char_index":172,"name":"st-mar2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 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pernyataan bahwa Mas Selamat telah meninggal dalam penahanan atau bahwa ia membiarkan keluar karena pihak berwenang untuk membantu mencari teroris lainnya, juga dikomentarkan oleh komunitas online.","translated_text":"There have been claims of conspiracy theories, such as claims that Mas Selamat died in custody or that he was let out because of authorities to help search for other terrorists, also commented by online communities.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[\"Mas Selamat wins in blame game\", ST, 15 Mar 2008.]","char_index":233,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kritik juga diarahkan kepada Wong Kan Seng, Menteri Dalam Negeri di Singapura, berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa berita Mas Selamat melarikan diri itu tidak disebarluaskan kepada publik sampai empat jam setelah kejadian tersebut.","translated_text":"Criticism was also directed at Wong Kan Seng, Interior Minister in Singapore, regarding the fact that the news of Mas Selamat's escape was not released to the public until four hours after the incident.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Publik tidak diberi rincian apapun sampai hari berikutnya di sesi parlemen.","translated_text":"The public was not given any details until the next day at the parliamentary session.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Wong kemudian harus mengutip sebuah pihak keamanan terpimpin sebagai alasan untuk melarikan diri dan mengungkapkan bahwa Mas Selamat melarikan diri ketika ia dibawa ke toilet sebelum pertemuan di Ruang Kunjungan.","translated_text":"Wong then had to cite a security force led as an excuse to escape and reveal that Mas Safe escaped when he was taken to the toilet before the meeting in the Visiting Room.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Pihak Keamanan penyebab pemimpin JI Mas Selamat melarikan diri, kata DPM Wong, Channelnewsasia.com, 28 Feb 2008.]","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tanggal 2 Maret 2008, ia mengumumkan bahwa Komite Penyelidikan Independen yang diketuai oleh mantan hakim Goh Joon Seng, akan dibentuk untuk mencari tahu bagaimana pelarian itu terjadi.","translated_text":"On 2 March 2008, he announced that an Independent Investigative Committee, headed by former judge Goh Joon Seng, would be formed to find out how the escape occurred.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Jemaah Islamiyah","translated_text":"Category:Church of Islam","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () merupakan orang Singapura asal Indonesia, adalah buronan yang lebih dari satu tahun paling dicari di Singapura setelah melarikan diri dari tahanan pada tanggal 27 Februari 2008. Masa pencarian dia merupakan perburuan terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di Singapura.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () is an Indonesian-born Singaporean who was Singapore's most wanted fugitive for over a year after escaping from custody on February 27, 2008. The time of his search was the largest ever hunted in Singapore.","citations":[{"content":"[Mas Selamat bisa bertahan selamanya: experts, ST, 4 Maret 2008]","char_index":288,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () merupakan orang Singapura asal Indonesia, adalah buronan yang lebih dari satu tahun paling dicari di Singapura setelah melarikan diri dari tahanan pada tanggal 27 Februari 2008. Masa pencarian dia merupakan perburuan terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di Singapura. Dia akhirnya ditangkap kembali di Johor Bahru, Malaysia pada tanggal 1 April 2009, lebih dari setahun setelah melarikan diri dan pada bulan September ia kembali ke Singapura untuk dipenjara ditempat sebelumnya untuk menghabiskan sisa hidupnya di sana.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat bin Kastari () is an Indonesian-born Singaporean who was Singapore's most wanted fugitive for over a year after escaping from custody on February 27, 2008. The time of his search was the largest ever hunted in Singapore. He was finally re-arrested in Johor Bahru, Malaysia on 1 April 2009, over a year after escaping and in September he returned to Singapore to be imprisoned at the previous location to spend the rest of his life there.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_373899.html]","char_index":540,"name":null,"url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_373899.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.279078-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lahir tahun 1961 di Kendal, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, Mas Selamat dibesarkan di Kaki Bukit, Singapura dengan kehidupan berlatarkan suasana kampung pada masa kanak-kanak. Ia bersekolah di Sekolah Dasar Kaki Bukit dengan panggilan \"Selamat\" oleh para tetangganya. Pada awal 1980-an, Mas Selamat pindah ke Bedok Reservoir di mana ia menikah dan mempunyai lima anak.","translated_text":"Born in 1961 in Kendal, Central Java, Indonesia, Mas Selamat grew up in Kaki Bukit, Singapore with a village-style life as a child. He attended the Hill Feet Elementary School with the nickname \"Hello\" by his neighbors. In the early 1980s, Mas Selamat moved to Bedok Reservoir where he married and had five children.","citations":[{"content":"[\"''anak Kampung, montir bus, pembuat bom, dan teroris ''\", Nur Dianah Suhaimi, [[The Straits Times|The Sunday Times]], 2 Maret 2008]","char_index":360,"name":"st-mar2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/ 240463.asp berburu Buronan pergi]{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} global, Leong Wee Keat & Rosnah Ahmad, [[The Straits Times]], 1 Maret 2008]","char_index":360,"name":"today-mar1","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":965,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.742322-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm Singapura memperluas perburuan] narapidana, [[Al Jazeera]], 29 Februari 2008]","char_index":360,"name":"aljazeera","url":"http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":411967,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.825837-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.398193359375}]},{"text":"Mas Selamat diduga menjadi anggota pergerakan Darul Islam,pendahulu kelompok Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) pada tahun 1990-an. Pada 1992 dia dikirim ke Afghanistan untuk menjalani latihan militer selama setahun.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat is believed to be a member of the Darul Islam movement, the forerunner of the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) group in the 1990s. In 1992 he was sent to Afghanistan for a year of military training.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 2008]","char_index":203,"name":"st-broke","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.928085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 2008]","char_index":203,"name":"st-broke","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.928085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut pihak berwenang intelijen Singapura, Mas Selamat telah menemui Hambali, pemimpin JI, dan mendiskusikan berbagai rencana teror, termasuk pembajakan pesawat dari Bangkok dan dijatuhkan ke Bandara Changi Singapura.","translated_text":"According to Singaporean intelligence officials, Mas Selamat has met with Hambali, the leader of JI, and discussed various terrorist plans, including hijacking a plane from Bangkok and dropping it at Singapore's Changi Airport.","citations":[{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php Interpol isu-isu global mengenai teror buron Singapura], [[Associated Press]] ([[International Herald Tribune]]), 29 Februari 2008 (Lihat juga [http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305042719/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ |date=2008-03-05 }})]","char_index":219,"name":"ap-iht","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.346129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php Interpol isu-isu global mengenai teror buron Singapura], [[Associated Press]] ([[International Herald Tribune]]), 29 Februari 2008 (Lihat juga [http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305042719/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ |date=2008-03-05 }})]","char_index":219,"name":"ap-iht","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.346129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php Interpol isu-isu global mengenai teror buron Singapura], [[Associated Press]] ([[International Herald Tribune]]), 29 Februari 2008 (Lihat juga [http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305042719/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ |date=2008-03-05 }})]","char_index":219,"name":"ap-iht","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.346129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/28/world/asia/28singapore.html?ref=asia Tersangka Qaeda Melarikan Diri], [[The New York Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":219,"name":"nyt","url":"http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/28/world/asia/28singapore.html?ref=asia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.414742-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mas Selamat telah mengubah identitasnya, dengan mengganti namanya menjadi Edi Heriyanto dan memperoleh paspor Indonesia. Maka ditemukanlah sebuah literatur tentang pembuatan bom dan serangan bunuh diri. Dia kemudian dipenjara selama 18 bulan pada tahun 2003 dengan alasan pelanggaran imigrasi.","translated_text":"Mas Selamat has changed his identity, changing his name to Edi Heriyanto and gaining an Indonesian passport. Then a literature was discovered on the making of bombs and suicide attacks. He was subsequently jailed for 18 months in 2003 for immigration offenses.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|title = Singapore JI suspect nabbed in Java|publisher = The Star (Malaysia)|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation|access-date = 2021-12-25|archive-date = 2008-10-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081023144943/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F13220557&sec=nation|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":293,"name":"the_star","url":"http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.443261-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|title = Singapore JI suspect nabbed in Java|publisher = The Star (Malaysia)|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation|access-date = 2021-12-25|archive-date = 2008-10-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081023144943/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F13220557&sec=nation|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":293,"name":"the_star","url":"http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.443261-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Maka ditemukanlah sebuah literatur tentang pembuatan bom dan serangan bunuh diri. Dia kemudian dipenjara selama 18 bulan pada tahun 2003 dengan alasan pelanggaran imigrasi. Selama jangka waktu pemenjaraan, ia patah kaki kirinya karena upaya untuk melarikan diri gagal ketika dia meloncat dari ketinggian, sehingga dia mengalami pincang permanen.","translated_text":"Then a literature was discovered on the making of bombs and suicide attacks. He was subsequently jailed for 18 months in 2003 for immigration offenses. During his term of imprisonment, he broke his left leg due to an unsuccessful attempt to escape when he jumped from heights, causing him to suffer permanent cramping.","citations":[{"content":"[\"''anak Kampung, montir bus, pembuat bom, dan teroris ''\", Nur Dianah Suhaimi, [[The Straits Times|The Sunday Times]], 2 Maret 2008]","char_index":345,"name":"st-mar2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 JI leader broke leg in Bintan jail break: terror expert] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025802/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1 |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 29 February 2008]","char_index":345,"name":"st-broke","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211749.html?vgnmr=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.928085-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 20 Januari 2006, ia ditangkap lagi karena menggunakan kartu identitas palsu Jawa, di mana ia mengunjungi anaknya yang sedang mengenyam pendidikan di sebuah sekolah agama di Pulau Bintan. Singapura meminta Mas Selamat diekstradisi dan akhirnya ia pun diserahkan ke Singapura pada tanggal 3 Februari 2006, di mana ia ditahan di Singapura di bawah pimpinan Internal Security Act tanpa melalui pengadilan, Pihak berwenang intelijen Malaysia juga ingin memberi pertanyaan Mas Selamat yang telah sering berkunjung ke Johor sebelum melarikan diri ke Indonesia.","translated_text":"On 20 January 2006, he was arrested again for using a Javanese fake identity card, where he visited his son who was studying at a religious school on Bintan Island. Singapore requested Mas Selamat to be extradited and he was finally handed over to Singapore on 3 February 2006, where he was detained in Singapore under the Internal Security Act without going through a court.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|title = Indonesia sends terror suspect to Singapore-police|publisher = Reuters|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm|access-date = 2010-10-26|archive-date = 2006-02-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060212074614/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":316,"name":null,"url":"http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276160,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:59.251313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.25634765625},{"content":"[{{cite news|title = Indonesia sends terror suspect to Singapore-police|publisher = Reuters|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm|access-date = 2010-10-26|archive-date = 2006-02-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060212074614/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":316,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060212074614/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/KLR276937.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:59.774322-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|title = JI terror suspect sent back to Singapore after arrest in Indonesia|publisher = Channel NewsAsia|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html|access-date = 2010-10-26|archive-date = 2006-02-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060207073836/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":414,"name":null,"url":"http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320829,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:59.844333-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (46 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|title = JI terror suspect sent back to Singapore after arrest in Indonesia|publisher = Channel NewsAsia|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html|access-date = 2010-10-26|archive-date = 2006-02-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060207073836/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":414,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060207073836/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/191865/1/.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:59.976692-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|title = Singapore JI suspect nabbed in Java|publisher = The Star (Malaysia)|date = 6 Februari 2006|url = http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation|access-date = 2021-12-25|archive-date = 2008-10-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081023144943/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F2%2F6%2Fnation%2F13220557&sec=nation|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":566,"name":"the_star","url":"http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/2/6/nation/13220557&sec=nation","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.443261-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (42 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pukul 16:05 hari Rabu, tanggal 27 Februari 2008, pemimpin JI ini melarikan diri dari Pusat Penahanan Jalan Whitley di mana ia sedang ditahan.","translated_text":"At 4:05 p.m. on Wednesday, February 27, 2008, the leader of the JI escaped from the Whitley Road Detention Center where he was being held.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|title = JI detainee Mas Selamat Kastari escapes from Singapore detention centre|publisher = Channel NewsAsia|date = 27 February 2008|url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html|access-date = 2010-10-27|archive-date = 2008-03-07|archive-url = https://archive.today/20080307191435/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":141,"name":"CNA1","url":"http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320829,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.051416-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (46 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite news|title = JI detainee Mas Selamat Kastari escapes from Singapore detention centre|publisher = Channel NewsAsia|date = 27 February 2008|url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html|access-date = 2010-10-27|archive-date = 2008-03-07|archive-url = https://archive.today/20080307191435/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html|dead-url = yes}}]","char_index":141,"name":"CNA1","url":"http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/331477/1/.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":320829,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.051416-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (46 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html Massive manhunt for escaped JI terror leader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229175713/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html |date=2008-02-29 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 27 Februari 2008]","char_index":141,"name":"st-escape","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.197811-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html Massive manhunt for escaped JI terror leader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229175713/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html |date=2008-02-29 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 27 Februari 2008]","char_index":141,"name":"st-escape","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211064.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.197811-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pukul 16:05 hari Rabu, tanggal 27 Februari 2008, pemimpin JI ini melarikan diri dari Pusat Penahanan Jalan Whitley di mana ia sedang ditahan. Keluarganya mengunjungi dia pada waktu itu, dan dia digiring ke kamar untuk bertemu mereka ketika ia meminta untuk pergi ke toilet. Dia kemudian melarikan diri.","translated_text":"At 4:05 p.m. on Wednesday, February 27, 2008, the leader of the JI escaped from the Whitley Road Detention Center where he was being held. His family visited him at the time, and he was driven to the room to meet them when he asked to go to the toilet. He then escaped.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html JI leader escaped from toilet in detention centre due to 'security lapse'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010451/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Chong Chee Kin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":302,"name":"st-wong","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.605026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html JI leader escaped from toilet in detention centre due to 'security lapse'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010451/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Chong Chee Kin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":302,"name":"st-wong","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.605026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop Singapore: Terror suspect fled toilet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025221/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[Associated Press]] ([[CNN]]), 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":302,"name":"cnn-toilet","url":"http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:01.078508-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop Singapore: Terror suspect fled toilet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025221/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop |date=2008-03-03 }}, [[Associated Press]] ([[CNN]]), 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":302,"name":"cnn-toilet","url":"http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/28/singapore.manhunt/?iref=hpmostpop","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:01.078508-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia kemudian melarikan diri. Sebuah pemburuan besar-besaran yang terdiri dari kelompok Kepolisian Singapura, Kontinjensi Gurkha, Unit Taktik Polisi, dan Polisi Nasional Layanan Kunci Instalasi Unit Perlindungan segera dikerahkan di sekitar daerah itu. Mereka kemudian dibantu oleh anggota Pengawal Singapura dan Komando Militer Polisi Negara Singapura, sebelum operasi itu selama lebih dari 17 jam kemudian tanpa keberhasilan dalam menemukan buronan, yang diyakini tidak bersenjata .","translated_text":"He then escaped. A large-scale hunt consisting of the Singapore Police Group, the Gurkha contingent, the Police Tactical Unit, and the National Police Key Installation Service Protection Unit was immediately deployed around the area. They were then assisted by members of the Singapore Guards and the Singapore State Military Police Command, before the operation lasted for more than 17 hours afterwards without success in finding the fugitive, who was believed to be unarmed.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165 |title=Ministry of Home Affairs - Ministry of Home Affairs News Release on Mas Selamat bin Kastari |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2008-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301093710/http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":483,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":39615,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:02.177380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (95 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165 |title=Ministry of Home Affairs - Ministry of Home Affairs News Release on Mas Selamat bin Kastari |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2008-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301093710/http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":483,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080301093710/http://www.mha.gov.sg/news_details.aspx?nid=1165","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:03.551065-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pihak berwenang mengatakan keamanan sangat ketat di pusat penahanan dan dilakukan studi independen untuk menentukan bagaimana buronan tersebut melarikan diri.","translated_text":"Authorities said security at the detention centre was very tight and independent studies were being conducted to determine how the fugitives escaped.","citations":[{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php Interpol isu-isu global mengenai teror buron Singapura], [[Associated Press]] ([[International Herald Tribune]]), 29 Februari 2008 (Lihat juga [http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305042719/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/29/terror.suspect.ap/ |date=2008-03-05 }})]","char_index":158,"name":"ap-iht","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080306045232/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/02/29/asia/AS-GEN-Singapore-Terror-Suspect.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:58.346129-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pihak berwenang mengatakan keamanan sangat ketat di pusat penahanan dan dilakukan studi independen untuk menentukan bagaimana buronan tersebut melarikan diri. Wakil Perdana Menteri Wong Kan Seng mengakui bahwa selang keamanan menyebabkan melarikan diri, dan segala sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan untuk menangkap kembali Mas Selamat.","translated_text":"Authorities said security at the detention centre was very tight and independent studies were being conducted to determine how the fugitives escaped. Deputy Prime Minister Wong Kan Seng acknowledged that the security fence led to the escape, and everything is being done to recapture Mas Seguru.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm Singapura memperluas perburuan] narapidana, [[Al Jazeera]], 29 Februari 2008]","char_index":331,"name":"aljazeera","url":"http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/57ADF143-DC1E-4186-858D-BA4394083B27.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":411967,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:30:57.825837-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.398193359375},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html JI leader escaped from toilet in detention centre due to 'security lapse'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010451/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Chong Chee Kin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":331,"name":"st-wong","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211363.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:00.605026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wakil Perdana Menteri Wong Kan Seng mengakui bahwa selang keamanan menyebabkan melarikan diri, dan segala sesuatu yang sedang dilakukan untuk menangkap kembali Mas Selamat. Fasilitas Jalan Onraet memiliki penjaga bersenjata, pagar kawat tinggi dan kamera CCTV. Reaksi melarikan diri itu penuh dengan kejutan dan ke-tidak-percaya-an pada apa yang menggambarkan pengamat Barat sebagai negara di mana \"pelanggaran keamanan yang hampir tidak terdengar\".","translated_text":"Deputy Prime Minister Wong Kan Seng acknowledged that the security fence led to the escape, and everything is being done to recapture Mas Seguru. The Onraet Road facility has armed guards, a high-wire fence and CCTV cameras. The escape reaction was filled with surprise and distrust of what Western observers described as a country where \"almost unheard-of security violations\".","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html Escape of JI leader: How can this happen in S'pore?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010554/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":449,"name":"st-esc-commt","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:03.620151-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html Escape of JI leader: How can this happen in S'pore?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010554/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":449,"name":"st-esc-commt","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211368.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:03.620151-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html Escape makes headlines overseas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303234445/http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html |date=2008-03-03 }}, Mavis Toh, [[The Straits Times]], 2 Maret 2008]","char_index":449,"name":"st-overseas","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.033301-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html Escape makes headlines overseas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303234445/http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html |date=2008-03-03 }}, Mavis Toh, [[The Straits Times]], 2 Maret 2008]","char_index":449,"name":"st-overseas","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_212383.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.033301-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fasilitas Jalan Onraet memiliki penjaga bersenjata, pagar kawat tinggi dan kamera CCTV. Reaksi melarikan diri itu penuh dengan kejutan dan ke-tidak-percaya-an pada apa yang menggambarkan pengamat Barat sebagai negara di mana \"pelanggaran keamanan yang hampir tidak terdengar\". Ini membuat malu bagi pemerintah Singapura, dan banyak pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh publik dan pers.","translated_text":"The Onraet Road facility has armed guards, a high-wire fence and CCTV cameras. The escape reaction was filled with surprise and distrust of what Western observers described as a country where \"almost unheard-of security violations\". This is embarrassing to the Singapore government, and there are many questions raised by the public and the press.","citations":[{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ Singapore gov't butt of jokes after prison escape], [[Agence France-Presse]], 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":320,"name":"afp-joke","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.439610-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp Dangers of a bunker mentality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306110136/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp |date=2008-03-06 }}, P N Balji, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":320,"name":"today-mar3","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":964,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.508399-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp Dangers of a bunker mentality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306110136/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp |date=2008-03-06 }}, P N Balji, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":320,"name":"today-mar3","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":964,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.508399-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ Singapore gov't butt of jokes after prison escape], [[Agence France-Presse]], 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":378,"name":"afp-joke","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.439610-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp Dangers of a bunker mentality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306110136/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp |date=2008-03-06 }}, P N Balji, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":378,"name":"today-mar3","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240769.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":964,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.508399-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Reaksi melarikan diri itu penuh dengan kejutan dan ke-tidak-percaya-an pada apa yang menggambarkan pengamat Barat sebagai negara di mana \"pelanggaran keamanan yang hampir tidak terdengar\". Ini membuat malu bagi pemerintah Singapura, dan banyak pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh publik dan pers. Keamanan di sekitar sekolah-sekolah di daerah itu juga ditingkatkan untuk menjamin orang tua yang khawatir.","translated_text":"The escape reaction was filled with surprise and distrust of what Western observers described as a country where \"almost unheard-of security violations\". This is embarrassing to the Singapore government, and there are many questions raised by the public and the press. Security around schools in the area has also been enhanced to ensure concerned parents.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html SCGS steps up checks, security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010641/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Lee Pei Qi & Teh Joo Lin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":398,"name":"st-scgs","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.578726-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html SCGS steps up checks, security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301010641/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, Lee Pei Qi & Teh Joo Lin, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":398,"name":"st-scgs","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211392.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.578726-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp Where is Mas Selamat?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304005520/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp |date=2008-03-04 }}, Alicia Wong & Rosnah Ahmad, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 29 Februari 2008]","char_index":398,"name":"today-where","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":970,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.994804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp Where is Mas Selamat?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304005520/http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp |date=2008-03-04 }}, Alicia Wong & Rosnah Ahmad, [[Today (Singapore newspaper)]], 29 Februari 2008]","char_index":398,"name":"today-where","url":"http://www.todayonline.com/articles/240261.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":970,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.994804-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ini membuat malu bagi pemerintah Singapura, dan banyak pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh publik dan pers. Keamanan di sekitar sekolah-sekolah di daerah itu juga ditingkatkan untuk menjamin orang tua yang khawatir. Indonesia dan Malaysia mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah meningkatkan keamanan perbatasan negara sendiri setelah kejadian ini.","translated_text":"This is embarrassing to the Singapore government, and there are many questions raised by the public and the press. Security around schools in the area has also been enhanced to ensure concerned parents. Indonesia and Malaysia announced that they had increased their own border security after the incident.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html Indonesia joins hunt for S'pore terror fugitive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301082500/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":333,"name":"st-indo1","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:05.068334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html Indonesia joins hunt for S'pore terror fugitive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301082500/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":333,"name":"st-indo1","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211460.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:05.068334-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html M'sian police tighten border security with S'pore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301082440/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":333,"name":"st-malaysia","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:05.475886-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html M'sian police tighten border security with S'pore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301082440/http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html |date=2008-03-01 }}, [[The Straits Times]], 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":333,"name":"st-malaysia","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/Latest%2BNews/Singapore/STIStory_211415.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:05.475886-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Respon dari sektor-sektor tertentu dari masyarakat telah tajam kritis, terutama di internet.","translated_text":"The response from certain sectors of society has been sharply critical, especially on the Internet.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/ Bloggers’ reaction to JI leader’s escape] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516073431/http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/ |date=2008-05-16 }}, The Online Citizen, 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":92,"name":"toc-28feb","url":"http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:05.892201-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/ Bloggers’ reaction to JI leader’s escape] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516073431/http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/ |date=2008-05-16 }}, The Online Citizen, 28 Februari 2008]","char_index":92,"name":"toc-28feb","url":"http://theonlinecitizen.com/2008/02/28/bloggers%e2%80%99-reaction-to-ji-leader%e2%80%99s-escape/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:05.892201-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306190633/http://singaporedaily.wordpress.com/ji-terrorist-escapes/ JI Terrorist Escapes], The Singapore Daily, 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":92,"name":"sgd-3mar","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080306190633/http://singaporedaily.wordpress.com/ji-terrorist-escapes/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:16.013948-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Respon dari sektor-sektor tertentu dari masyarakat telah tajam kritis, terutama di internet. Agence France-Presse mencatat bagaimana \"Terorisme biasanya bukanlah bahan tertawaan, terutama di Singapura yang keamanan sangat disadari, tetapi melarikan diri dari tahanan tersangka ekstremis Islam pincang telah menyebabkan cemoohan di Internet.\"","translated_text":"The response from certain sectors of society has been sharply critical, especially on the Internet. Agence France-Presse noted how \"Terrorism is usually not a laughing stock, especially in Singapore where security is highly aware, but escaping from the custody of suspected Islamic extremists has caused ridicule on the Internet\".","citations":[{"content":"[[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ Singapore gov't butt of jokes after prison escape], [[Agence France-Presse]], 3 Maret 2008]","char_index":341,"name":"afp-joke","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080308152227/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5itRCXkEtQUfTtL7UdMh4TkIlwfcQ","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:04.439610-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Respon dari sektor-sektor tertentu dari masyarakat telah tajam kritis, terutama di internet. Agence France-Presse mencatat bagaimana \"Terorisme biasanya bukanlah bahan tertawaan, terutama di Singapura yang keamanan sangat disadari, tetapi melarikan diri dari tahanan tersangka ekstremis Islam pincang telah menyebabkan cemoohan di Internet.\" Kritikus di Internet juga menuduh media pro-pemerintah berusaha mengalihkan insiden itu dengan banyak isu-isu yang berkaitan.","translated_text":"The response from certain sectors of society has been sharply critical, especially on the Internet. Agence France-Presse noted how \"Terrorism is usually not a laughing stock, especially in Singapore where security is highly aware, but escaping from the custody of suspected Islamic extremists has caused ridicule on the Internet\". Internet critics have also accused pro-government media of trying to deflect the incident with many related issues.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSSP29412620080306 Singapore faces blogging ire over militant escape], [[Reuters]], 6 Maret 2008]","char_index":467,"name":"reuters-6mar","url":"http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSSP29412620080306","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":721,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:16.084658-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kritikus di Internet juga menuduh media pro-pemerintah berusaha mengalihkan insiden itu dengan banyak isu-isu yang berkaitan. Spekulasi kebanyakan terdapat di chatroom internet dan blog, kadang-kadang berbatasan dengan kepercayaan bahwa insiden melarikan diri itu menggunakan ilmu hitam atau kolaborasi insider. Ada klaim teori konspirasi, seperti pernyataan bahwa Mas Selamat telah meninggal dalam penahanan atau bahwa ia membiarkan keluar karena pihak berwenang untuk membantu mencari teroris lainnya, juga dikomentarkan oleh komunitas online.","translated_text":"Internet critics have also accused pro-government media of trying to deflect the incident with many related issues. Speculation is mostly found in internet chat rooms and blogs, sometimes bounded by the belief that the escape incident was using black science or collaboration from insiders. There have been claims of conspiracy theories, such as claims that Mas Selamat died in custody or that he was let out because of authorities to help search for other terrorists, also commented by online communities.","citations":[{"content":"[\"Mas Selamat wins in blame game\", ST, 15 Mar 2008.]","char_index":545,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kritik juga diarahkan kepada Wong Kan Seng, Menteri Dalam Negeri di Singapura, berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa berita Mas Selamat melarikan diri itu tidak disebarluaskan kepada publik sampai empat jam setelah kejadian tersebut. Publik tidak diberi rincian apapun sampai hari berikutnya di sesi parlemen. Wong kemudian harus mengutip sebuah pihak keamanan terpimpin sebagai alasan untuk melarikan diri dan mengungkapkan bahwa Mas Selamat melarikan diri ketika ia dibawa ke toilet sebelum pertemuan di Ruang Kunjungan.","translated_text":"Criticism was also directed at Wong Kan Seng, Interior Minister in Singapore, regarding the fact that the news of Mas Selamat's escape was not released to the public until four hours after the incident. The public was not given any details until the next day at the parliamentary session. Wong then had to cite a security force led as an excuse to escape and reveal that Mas Safe escaped when he was taken to the toilet before the meeting in the Visiting Room.","citations":[{"content":"[Pihak Keamanan penyebab pemimpin JI Mas Selamat melarikan diri, kata DPM Wong, Channelnewsasia.com, 28 Feb 2008.]","char_index":513,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kota Tengah, Gorontalo","wikicode":"{{kecamatan\n|nama=Kota Tengah\n|dati2=Kota\n|nama dati2=Gorontalo\n|luas=\n|penduduk=\n|kelurahan=6 [{{cite web |last1=BPS Kota Gorontalo|title=Statistik Daerah Kecamatan Kota Tengah 2014|url=https://gorontalokota.bps.go.id/publication/2014/09/29/b4a098d056ed7ec39bf06c86/statistik-daerah-kecamatan-kota-tengah-2014.html|access-date=28 Mei 2022 |work=BPS.go.id |date=29 September 2014 |language=Id}}]\n\n|nama camat=\n|kepadatan=\n|provinsi=Gorontalo\n}}\n'''Kota Tengah''' adalah sebuah [[kecamatan]] di [[Kota Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]], [[Indonesia]].\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{RefDagri|2022}}\n\n{{Kota Tengah, Gorontalo}}\n{{Kota Gorontalo}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n\n{{kecamatan-stub}}","hash":"38304600c745cb11ed9224daf857e4f1430d05c1b87bd32048a0e6ef3f4ae71e","last_revision":"2024-01-03T01:22:54Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T11:02:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.088213","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Kota Tengah, Gorontalo","gor":"Kota Tengah, Gorontalo","jv":"Kota Tengah, Gorontalo"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Kota Tengah adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kota Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia.\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota Tengah adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kota Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia.","translated_text":"Central City is a district of Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Artikel bagus utama","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Artikel bagus]]","hash":"72e2efdc038f5bf8c8f38df58c7c66af4c33934b210b7f9074f42e0e02438101","last_revision":"2012-02-12T19:17:19Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T11:18:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.150120","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Artikel bagus\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Artikel bagus","translated_text":"Good article","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Biola","wikicode":"{{for|universitas di Amerika Serikat|Universitas Biola}}\n{{Infobox Instrument\n|name=Biola\n|image=Violin VL100.jpg\n|size=100px\n|background=string\n|classification=[[Alat musik gesek]]\n|hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71\n|range=[[Berkas:Range violin.png|130px|pus]]\n|related=\n* '''[[Keluarga biola]]''' ([[viola]], [[selo (alat musik)|selo]])\n* Keluarga [[viol]] (termasuk ''[[kontrabas]]'')\n* Keluarga [[mandolin]] (sama penalaan)\n|musicians=\n* [[Daftar pemain biola]]\n|builders=\n}}\n'''Biola''' adalah sebuah [[alat musik dawai]] yang dimainkan dengan cara digesek. Biola memiliki empat [[senar]] (G3-D4-A4-E5) yang disetel berbeda satu sama lain dengan [[Interval (musik)|interval sempurna kelima]]. [[Nada]] yang paling rendah adalah [[Nada G|G]]. Di antara [[keluarga biola]], yaitu [[Viola]], [[Selo (alat musik)|Selo]] dan [[Kontrabas]], biola memiliki nada yang tertinggi. Alat musik dawai yang lainnya, [[bas]], secara teknis masuk ke dalam [[keluarga viol]]. Kertas musik untuk biola hampir selalu menggunakan atau ditulis pada [[kunci G]].\n\nSebuah nama yang lazim dipakai untuk biola ialah '''''fiddle'''''. Sebutan ini sering kali digunakan dalam permainan lagu-lagu tradisional (lihat [[Biola#Fiddle|di bawah]]).\n\nDi dalam [[bahasa Indonesia]], orang yang memainkan biola disebut [[pebiola|pemain biola]] atau [[violinis]] ({{asal kata|Inggris|Violinist}} - bedakan dengan [[violis]] atau pemain [[viola]]). Orang yang membuat atau membetulkan [[alat musik]] berdawai disebut ''[[luthier]]''. Hi Violinist Waddle Dee!\n\n== Sejarah biola ==\n[[Berkas:San Zaccaria.jpg|jmpl|Lukisan altar Gereja San Zaccaria (detail), [[Venesia]], [[Giovanni Bellini]], 1505]]\n{{utama|Sejarah biola}}\n[[Alat musik dawai]] mula-mula biasa dimainkan dengan cara dipetik, misalnya, [[harpa tangan]] Yunani). [[Alat musik gesek]] diperkirakan berasal dari budaya penunggang kuda di kawasan [[Asia tengah]], contohnya alat musik bangsa [[Mongolia]] [[Morin huur]]. Alat musik gesek berdawai dua dari [[bangsa Turkik]] dan Mongolia terbuat dari surai kuda, dimainkan dengan penggesek surai kuda, dan memiliki ukiran kepala kuda di bagian kepalanya. Biola, [[viola]], dan [[Selo (alat musik)|selo]], yang penggeseknya masih terbuat dari surai kuda, adalah peninggalan bangsa nomaden tersebut.[{{cite web\n |title = ''The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust'', Silk Road Story 2: Bowed Instruments\n |publisher = Smithsonian Center for Folk life and Cultural Heritage\n |url = http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html\n |accessdate = 2008-09-26\n |archive-date = 2008-10-13\n |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html\n |dead-url = yes\n }}]\n\nDipercayai bahwa alat-alat musik tersebut mula-mula dibawa ke [[Asia Timur]], [[India]], [[Bizantium]], dan [[Timur Tengah]]. Di tempat-tempat tersebut, alat-alat musik gesek disesuaikan dengan lingkungan dan berkembang menjadi alat musik [[erhu]], [[esra]], harpa tangan Bizantium, dan [[rebab]]. Biola dalam bentuk modern bermula dari [[Italia Utara]] pada awal abad ke-16, terutama di kota pelabuhan [[Venesia]] dan [[Genova]], yang berhubungan langsung ke [[Asia Tengah]] lewat [[Jalur Sutra]].\n \nBiola Eropa modern dipengaruhi oleh berbagai alat musik, terutama dari Timur Tengah[{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|title=The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z|last=Hoffman|first=Miles|publisher=[[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]]|accessdate=2008-09-26|archive-date=2008-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|dead-url=yes}}] dan Bizantium.[{{harvnb|Grillet|1901|p=29\n}}][Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990] Tiga jenis alat musik mula-mula yang biasanya disebut sebagai cikal-bakal biola adalah ''[[rebec]]'' (yang diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium[{{Harvard reference\n |last= Panum |first=Hortense\n |author-link=Panum hortense |year=1939\n |title=The stringed instruments of the Middle Ages, their evolution and development\n |publisher=London : William Reeves |page=434\n}}] dan rebab), [[vielle]] (biola abad [[Renaisans]]), dan ''[[lira da braccio]]''[{{cite web\n |last = Arkenberg\n |first = Rebecca\n |title = Renaissance Violins\n |month = October\n |year = 2002\n |publisher = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]\n |url = http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm\n |accessdate = 2006-09-22\n |archive-date = 2021-03-07\n |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm\n |dead-url = no\n}}] (yang juga diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium[). Salah satu deskripsi terawal tentang biola, termasuk cara penyetelannya, ada di dalam ''Epitome musical'' karya [[Jambe de Fer]], yang diterbitkan di [[Lyon]] pada 1556.][{{cite web\n |url=http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm\n |title=Historical Background of the Violin\n |publisher=ViolinOnline.com\n |first=Robin Kay\n |last=Deverich\n |year=2006\n |accessdate=2006-09-22\n |archive-date=2006-09-08\n |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908175009/http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm\n |dead-url=no\n }}] Perlahan-lahan biola mulai menyebar ke seluruh [[Eropa]].\n\nBiola tertua yang pernah dicatat yang memiliki empat senar seperti biola modern dibuat oleh [[Andrea Amati]] pada tahun 1555, walaupun tahun tepatnya diragukan. Biola yang lebih awal hanya memiliki tiga senar, disebut ''[[violetta]]''. Seketika biola menjadi populer, baik di antara para pemusik jalanan maupun para bangsawan. Hal ini terbukti dengan [[raja Prancis]] [[Charles IX dari Prancis|Charles IX]] menyuruh Amati untuk membuat 24 biola untuknya pada tahun 1560.[{{cite web\n |url=http://www.bartruff.com/history.php\n |title=The History of the Violin\n |first=William\n |last=Bartruff\n |accessdate=2006-09-22\n |archive-date=2007-02-08\n |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112530/http://www.bartruff.com/history.php\n |dead-url=yes\n }}] Biola tertua yang masih ada saat ini adalah salah satu dari ke-24 biola ini. Biola tersebut diberi nama \"Charles IX\" dan dibuat di [[Cremona]] c. 1560. Biola zaman [[Renaisans]] yang paling bagus dengan ukiran dan hiasan adalah [[Gasparo da Salò]] (1574 c.) yang pertama-tama dimiliki oleh [[Ferdinand II, Adipati Utama Austria]], dan selanjutnya, sejak 1841, oleh [[virtuoso]] [[Norwegia]], [[Ole Bull]], yang menggunakannya selama empat puluh tahun dan ribuan konser. Saat ini biola tersebut berada di [[Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum]], [[Bergen]], Norwegia. [[Messiah Stradivarius|''\"The Messiah\"'']] atau ''\"Le Messie\"'' (juga dikenal sebagai \"Salabue\") yang dibuat oleh [[Antonio Stradivari]] pada 1716 belum pernah sekalipun dipakai. Biola tersebut berada di [[Museum Ashmolean]] di [[Oxford]].[{{cite web\n |url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111\n |title=Violin by Antonio Stradivari, 1716 (Messiah; la Messie, Salabue)\n |publisher=Cozio.com\n |accessdate=2008-09-26\n |archive-date=2008-10-08\n |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111\n |dead-url=yes\n }}]\n\nTerjadi perubahan yang cukup besar pada pembuatan biola pada abad ke-18, terutama dalam hal panjang dan sudut leher biola. Mayoritas alat musik lama telah diperbarui sesuai standar baru tersebut, sehingga menjadi berbeda dari keadaan ketika alat musik tersebut diselesaikan oleh seniman pembuat biola, termasuk perbedaan dalam hal suara dan respons.[{{cite web\n |title=Violin changes by 1800\n |url=http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm\n |author=Richard Perras\n |accessdate=2006-10-29\n |archive-date=2006-11-26\n |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126061721/http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm\n |dead-url=no\n }}] Namun, kondisi alat-alat musik tersebut saat ini menjadi standar kesempurnaan pada seni pembuatan biola dan suara biola, sehingga pembuat biola di seluruh dunia berusaha untuk mendekati ideal tersebut sedapat mungkin.\n\nHingga hari ini, alat musik dari \"Jaman Keemasan\" pembuatan biola, terutama yang dibuat oleh Stradivari dan Guarneri del Gesù, adalah alat-alat musik yang paling diburu oleh kolektor dan pemain biola. Rekor harga biola saat ini untuk biola Stradivari adalah [[AS]]$3.544.000 dalam sebuah lelang pada 16 Mei 2006. Semua biola Stradivarius memiliki nama unik, misalnya, biola termahal Stradivari bernama \"Hammer\" (\"Palu\") yang dibuat pada tahun 1707.[{{citation|url=http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|title=Salinan arsip|accessdate=2009-10-12|archive-date=2010-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112040440/http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|dead-url=no}}]\n\n== Bagian biola ==\n[[Berkas:Bagian biola.gif|jmpl|ka|Bagian-bagian biola]]\nSebuah biola dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian; badan biola, leher biola, jembatan biola, papan jari, senar, dan beberapa macam perangkat pembantu. Perangkat pembantu tersebut antara lain pasak penyetel untuk setiap senar, ekor biola untuk menahan senar, pin dan tali untuk menahan ekor biola, beberapa penyetel tambahan pada ekor biola bila diperlukan, dan sebuah penyangga dagu. (Penyangga dagu tersebut dapat tergabung dengan ekor biola ataupun dipasang di sebelah kirinya.)\n\nBadan biola terdiri atas dua [[papan suara]] yang melengkung yang disatukan oleh kayu yang disebut iga biola yang dilem menggunakan [[lem binatang]], lem kulit binatang, atau [[resin]]. Iga biola biasa terdiri dari bagian atas, keempat sudut, bagian bawah, dan garis tipis yang disebut lapisan dalam, yang membantu mempertahankan lekukan pada iga biola, dan memperluas permukaan untuk pengeleman. Dipandang baik dari depan maupun dari belakang, badan biola menyerupai bentuk [[jam pasir]]. Dua buah lekukan menyerupai huruf C pada kedua sisi samping biola memberikan ruang bagi [[peggesek biola]] untuk bergerak.\n\n[[Berkas:Soundpost end.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Tiang penyangga di dalam biola yang terlihat melalui lubang F]]\nUmumnya permukaan atas biola dibuat dari kayu ''[[spruce]]'', sejenis kayu cemara, yang dipahat sehingga memiliki bentuk yang simetris dan diberi dua [[lubang suara]] (atau lubang-F, diberi nama demikian karena bentuknya). Lubang suara tersebut memengaruhi kelenturan suara biola, dan juga sebagai \"lubang napas\" biola pada saat udara [[resonansi|beresonansi]] di dalamnya. Pada pinggir permukaan ini, dibentuk suatu lekukan garis yang disebut ''purfling'', tujuannya ialah menghalangi retakan yang berasal dari pinggir. ''Purfling'' palsu yang dicat pada permukaan biola biasanya menandakan kualitas biola yang rendah. Sebuah balok kayu kecil dipasang di dalam permukaan atas biola, sejajar dengan jembatan biola di atasnya, untuk menambah massa serta kekerasan permukaan atas biola.\n\nBagian belakang dan samping biola dibuat dari [[kayu mapel]], biasa dipilih yang memiliki alur yang sama. Bagian belakang biola umumnya dibuat dari kayu utuh yang dipahat secara simetris. Bagian ini sering pula dibentuk ''purfling'' walaupun dalam hal ini tidak seberapa berpengaruh terhadap biola itu sendiri. Beberapa biola antik dibubuhi tulisan tangan atau diberi lapisan cat sebagai ganti ''purfling'' pada bagian belakang biola. Sebuah tonjolan setengah lingkaran kecil yang terdapat pada bagian yang dekat dengan leher biola memberikan permukaan tambahan pada saat pengeleman. Tonjolan tersebut penting untuk sambungan antara leher dan badan biola, tetapi pada saat mengukur panjang biola bagian ini tidak dihiraukan.\n\nLeher biola biasanya terbuat dari kayu mapel yang sejenis dengan bagian belakang dan samping badan biola. Pada leher biola terdapat [[papan jari]] yang dibuat dari [[kayu eboni]] atau kayu lain yang dicat hitam. Kayu eboni sering dipilih oleh pengrajin biola karena sifatnya yang keras, menawan, dan tahan lama. Beberapa biola yang sangat tua menggunakan kayu mapel untuk papan jarinya, dan dipernis dengan kayu eboni. Pada ujung papan jari yang atas terdapat segaris kayu yang menonjol, biasa kayu eboni atau gading, yang disebut sadel atas. Tonjolan ini digunakan untuk menahan senar, sama seperti jembatan biola digunakan untuk hal yang sama di bagian badan biola.\n\n[[Berkas:Violin bridge blank and finished.jpg|jmpl|ka|Jembatan baru dan jembatan yang sudah jadi]]\n[[Jembatan (instrumen)|Jembatan]] biola dipahat dengan hati-hati dari kayu mapel dan memiliki beberapa kegunaan: lengkungan atasnya menahan senar pada ketinggian tertentu dari papan jari dalam bentuk melengkung supaya dapat digesek sendiri-sendiri (atau bersamaan) dan menghantarkan getaran suara dari senar ke badan biola. Jembatan ini setelah dipasang juga dapat digerakkan untuk menyetel bunyi biola.\n\n[[Berkas:Four violin tuning pegs.jpg|jmpl|kiri|100px|Empat buah penyetel tambahan pada masing-masing senar]]\nBagian [[Ekor (instrumen)|Ekor]] biola adalah tempat menambatkan ujung bawah senar yang diselipkan ke dalam masing-masing dari empat lubangnya. Seringkali untuk senar E juga diberi penyetel tambahan untuk mempermudah penyetelan, tetapi untuk senar-senar yang lain juga dapat dipasangi penyetel tambahan ini. (Beberapa pemain tidak mau menambahi penyetel tambahan karena dapat memperberat biola dan mengubah kualitas suara yang dihasilkan.)\n\n{{clear}}\n\n== Penggesek biola ==\n{{Commons category|Bows (Music)|Penggesek biola}}\n[[Berkas:Violin bow parts.jpg|jmpl|Detail penggesek biola]]\nPenggesek biola terdiri dari sebatang kayu dan berhelai-helai rambut kuda yang dipasang dari satu ujung tongkat ke ujung yang lain. Rambut yang digunakan untuk busur biola ini biasanya diambil dari rambut ekor kuda putih jantan (rambutnya juga selalu bewarna putih keemasan), meskipun busur yang lebih murah menggunakan serat sintetis. Pada ujung bawahnya terdapat semacam sekrup yang digunakan untuk mengencangkan (saat akan dimainkan) atau mengendurkan (saat akan disimpan) rambut tersebut. Di dekat sekrup tersebut juga terdapat pegangan jempol serta jari-jari yang lain. Sekrup ini jika dikendurkan sampai habis, akan melepas Frog dari kayu yang ada di busur biola.\n\nJika busur biola rajin digosok dengan gala (Bahasa Inggris: rosin) akan membuat 'cengkeraman' busur ke senar menjadi lebih stabil dan terkontrol (tidak gampang lepas), dan dapat membantu teknik getaran. Batang kayu yang digunakan biasanya dibuat dari [[kayu pernambuco]] untuk hasil yang terbaik atau dari [[kayu brasil]] yang lebih murah, dan busur yang murah biasanya menggunakan [[serat gelas]]. Inovasi terakhir telah memungkinkan [[serat karbon]] untuk digunakan sebagai materi pembuatan batang kayu busur biola.\n\n== Senar biola ==\n[[Berkas:Coiled strings.JPG|jmpl|Senar biola sebelum dipasang]]\n[[Senar]] dibuat dari usus domba, direntangkan, dikeringkan, lalu dipelintir. Pada suatu ketika ditemukan bahwa senar usus ini dapat dikembangkan dengan cara dicampuri logam. Hasil yang diperoleh dari proses ini adalah senar yang lebih kuat dan lebih seimbang, dan karena lebih padat dapat disetel dengan tekanan yang lebih besar, menghasilkan volume yang lebih besar pula. Dibanding dengan senar sintetis yang banyak digunakan sekarang, senar usus memiliki bunyi yang lebih hangat, seperti suara nyanyian.\n\nSenar modern menggunakan baja padat, baja untingan, atau berbagai bahan sintetis. Semua senar untingan dan beberapa senar padat dilapisi dengan bermacam-macam logam untuk menyesuaikan massanya, diameternya, dan kadar airnya . Senar tertinggi E biasanya dari baja padat, yang kadang dicampur aluminium untuk mencegah \"siulan\". Lapisan [[emas]] mencegah karat pada senar dan juga mengurangi \"siulan\". [[Baja tahan karat]] menghasilkan suara yang sedikit berbeda. Senar berinti sintetis menggabungkan kualitas yang dihasilkan senar usus dengan ketahan-lamaan dan stabilitas penyetelan. Senar ini lebih sensitif kepada perubahan kelembaban daripada senar usus, dan tidak begitu sensitif terhadap perubahan temperatur daripada senar logam.\n\n== Ukuran biola ==\nAnak-anak yang mulai belajar biola pada saat belum bertumbuh maksimal biasanya menggunakan biola yang berukuran lebih kecil yang dimulai dari yang terkecil 1/16, 1/10, 1/8, 1/4, 2/4 (1/2), 3/4, dan biola untuk dewasa 4/4. Kadang kadang biola berukuran 1/32 juga digunakan (ukurannya sangat kecil). Ada juga biola 7/8 yang biasanya digunakan oleh wanita.\n\nPanjang badan (tidak termasuk leher) biola 'penuh' atau ukuran 4/4 adalah sekitar 36 [[cm]] (atau lebih kecil menurut beberapa model dari abad ke-17). Biola 3/4 sepanjang 33 cm, 1/2 sepanjang 30 cm. Sebagai perbandingannya, [[viola]] 'penuh' berukuran sekitar 40 cm.\n\nUntuk menentukan ukuran biola yang cocok digunakan oleh seorang anak, biasanya sang anak disuruh memegang sebuah biola dan tangannya harus sampai menjangkau hingga ke gulungan kepala biola. Beberapa guru juga menganjurkan ukuran yang lebih kecil semakin baik.\n\nPemula biasanya menggunakan penanda di papan jari untuk menandai posisi jari tangan kiri, tetapi begitu terbiasa maka akan dilepaskan. Cara yang lain adalah dengan memberi setitik 'tip-ex' putih sebagai penanda posisi jari yang lama-lama akan hilang jika terus berlatih.\n\nBiola biasanya digunakan dengan tangan kanan memegang busur dan tangan kiri menekan senar, meskipun orang tersebut adalah [[kidal]], tetapi dalam beberapa kasus kadang-kadang seseorang juga dapat memainkannya secara kebalikan.\n\n== Bermain biola ==\n[[File:Best touches of music.jpg|jmpl|left|Musisi [[Tanzania|Violin]] bermain otomatis]]\n[[Berkas:Coussin2.JPG|jmpl|100px|Penyangga bahu]]\nWalaupun ada beberapa pemain biola yang memainkan dengan kidal, tetapi mayoritas pemain biola, [[kidal]] maupun tidak kidal, bermain dengan biola di tangan kiri dan busur di tangan kanan. Cara yang benar untuk bermain biola adalah dengan memegang biola dengan tangan kiri, dan penyangga dagu pada biola diapit dengan [[dagu]] dan [[pundak]] kiri, dapat dibantu dengan [[penyangga bahu]], tetapi banyak pemain yang memilih tidak menggunakannya. Bermain biola dapat dilakukan dengan berdiri maupun duduk di kursi, sesuai selera pemain.\n\nCara membunyikan biola dapat dengan digesek dengan busur maupun dipetik dengan jari tangan kanan (teknik ini disebut dengan [[#Pizzicato|pizzicato]]). Walaupun untuk pemain biasa memetik senar biola dengan teknik ''pizzicato'' selalu dilakukan dengan jari tangan kanan, tetapi ada pula pemain yang memetik dengan tangan kiri dan lagu-lagu khusus yang memerlukan kecepatan tinggi antara menggesek dengan busur dan memetik dengan jari sehingga jari tangan kiri yang digunakan.\n\nSalah satu virtuoso biola yang terkenal sering bermain dengan kombinasi staccat, pizzicato (dengan menggunakan kedua tangan), harmoni, dan interval musik yang luas (seperti menggunakan interval mayor ke-10) pada musik konsernya adalah [[Niccolò Paganini|Paganini]].\n\n=== Tangan kiri ===\n[[Berkas:MHVC-KyokoYonemoto-PaganiniCaprice24.ogv|jmpl|Kyoko Yonemoto memainkan ''Caprice No. 24'' karya [[Niccolò Paganini|Paganini]] dengan biola]]\nKarena biola tidak memiliki [[fret]] seperti gitar sebagai penanda jari, seorang pemain biola harus benar-benar tahu di mana letak suatu nada dengan menggunakan perasaan. Hal ini hanya dapat dilakukan dengan berlatih terus menerus sehingga jari-jari tangan dapat secara otomatis menekan nada yang diinginkan dengan tepat ([[ingatan otot]]). Selain melatih jari, pemain biola juga harus melatih telinga sehingga dapat membedakan nada-nada sumbang, walaupun hanya sedikit saja.\n\nTeknik yang digunakan oleh para pemula untuk menandai letak nada pada biola antara lain dengan [[selotip]] yang ditempelkan pada leher biola, atau dengan menggunakan [[Tip X]] putih untuk menandai posisi jari. Setelah latihan dengan rajin, seorang pemula diharapkan akan dapat mengingat-ingat dan meninggalkan metode-metode di atas dan mengandalkan refleks saja. Metode ini dianggap kurang begitu baik karena mengandalkan [[indra penglihatan]], bukan pendengaran, sedangkan dalam bermain biola mengetahui posisi jari bukan melalui penglihatan, karena pemain juga harus membaca not musik, melainkan harus melalui pendengaran.\n\n[[Berkas:Violin first position fingering chart.png|jmpl|kiri|Posisi jari pada [[fret]] biola]]\nLatihan pendengaran untuk pemula sebaiknya dilakukan sejak dini agar fondasinya kokoh. Salah satu teknik yang sering digunakan adalah dengan melatih bunyi yang sama. Keempat senar biola memiliki empat 'nada terbuka' atau 'senar terbuka', yaitu G-D-A-E (diberi warna hitam pada gambar), nada yang berbunyi jika senar digesek tanpa ditekan oleh jari. Keempat nada terbuka ini akan turut bersuara jika nada serupa pada senar lain dibunyikan (karena persamaa [[frekuensi]]), misalnya senar D akan berbunyi jika nada D (kiri bawah pada gambar) pada senar G dibunyikan. Pada [[#posisi jari|posisi pertama]] ada sembilan 'nada tertutup' (atau 'senar tertutup', yaitu nada yang berbunyi jika ditekan oleh jari) yang memiliki [[resonansi akustik]] dengan keempat nada terbuka di atas.\n\n==== Posisi jari ====\nJari tangan biasanya diberi nomor 1 ([[telunjuk]]) hingga 4 ([[kelingking]]), dan not-not musik, terutama untuk para pemula, diberi penomoran demikian untuk menandai jari mana yang harus digunakan. Nomor 0 berarti nada terbuka (jari tidak menekan senar). Bagan di samping menunjukkan posisi pertama pada biola, yaitu nada-nada yang dapat ditekan oleh jari tanpa harus menggeser posisi tangan. Yang tidak terlihat pada gambar di samping adalah jarak antara nada-nada tersebut yang semakin tinggi semakin kecil jaraknya. Garis biru menandakan posisi selotip untuk jari 1-2-3 yang biasa digunakan oleh pemula.\n\nPosisi jari, seperti yang telah disinggung di atas, merupakan istilah untuk menggambarkan letak tangan relatif terhadap leher biola. Posisi natural (yaitu posisi dasar) disebut Posisi 1; pada posisi ini tangan kiri memegang leher biola secara natural, jari-jari tangan dapat digunakan untuk memainkan seluruh tangga nada G mulai dari senar G dengan nada tertinggi nada B pada senar E. Pada biola maupun alat-alat musik gesek lainnya posisi ini merupakan posisi yang paling sering digunakan.\n\nDengan menggeser posisi tangan kiri turun ke arah badan biola maka dikatakan posisinya telah berubah. Posisi 2 dicapai dengan memposisikan jari telunjuk (jari 1) pada jari 2 di posisi 1, dengan kata lain posisi jarinya bergeser satu; Posisi 2 memiliki jangkauan mulai dari nada terendah B di G dan nada tertinggi C# di E. Posisi ketiga dari C di G hingga D# dan seterusnya. Setelah Posisi 5 biasanya hanya pemain yang mahir yang menggunakannya untuk dapat memainkan nada-nada tinggi di senar E, dan biasanya sudah tidak diberi nama lagi (mis. walaupun secara teori ada Posisi 15, posisi yang dianggap tertinggi, tetapi hal tersebut tidak pernah diajarkan secara lisan). Batas atas nada biola tergantung pada tingkat kemahiran pemain seorang pemain biola, yang dapat dengan mudah bermain dua tangga nada pada satu senar, atau maksimal empat tangga nada pada keempat senar. Posisi terendah biasanya disebut Posisi ½, yaitu di antara nada terbuka dan Posisi 1, walaupun posisi ini jarang digunakan.\n\nSenar yang digunakan untuk memainkan suatu nada biasanya memengaruhi kualitas nada, atau yang disebut dengan [[timbre]], yang dihasilkan. Contohnya, walaupun nada E rendah dapat dimainkan di senar G (Posisi 2 - Posisi 5) dan di senar D (Posisi 1), tetapi kadang-kadang penulis musik menginginkan nada tersebut dimainkan di senar tertentu, contohnya dengan markah ''sul G'' yang berarti 'dimainkan di senar G' dan seterusnya. Jika tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit, maka seorang pemain dapat secara bebas menggunakan senar yang dipilihnya.\n\n==== Senar terbuka ====\n{{Sound sample box align right|Contoh audio:}}\n{{Listen\n|filename=Violin sounds and techniques.ogg\n|title=Suara dan teknik biola\n|description=Nada terbuka (''arco'' dan ''pizzicato''){{br}}\nTangga nada [[A mayor]] (''arco'' dan ''pizzicato''){{br}}\nTangga nada [[A mayor]] dengan ''vibrato''{{br}}\nTangga nada [[A mayor]] dimainkan dengan ''col legno''{{br}}\nNada harmonik alami A, E, dan A tinggi{{br}}\nNada harmonik buatan (palsu) pada A7{{br}}\nNada harmonik ''glissando'' pada senar A{{br}}\n566 KB. {{br}}\nlihat pula: [[:commons:Category:Violin sound|Suara biola]] di [[Commons]]\n|format=[[Ogg]]}}\n{{sample box end}}\n[[Berkas:Violin - open strings notes.PNG|jmpl|Nada dasar dawai biola]]\nMenggesek ataupun memetik nada terbuka (senar terbuka) — yakni nada yang dibunyikan tanpa menekan senar dengan jari — memiliki suara yang khas dan berbeda dengan nada yang sama yang dibunyikan secara tertutup (ditekan oleh jari), misalnya nada terbuka D (di senar D) dan nada D pada senar G. Hal ini dikarenakan getaran senar yang lebih leluasa pada [[#Bagian biola|sadel atas]] jika tidak dihalangi oleh jari tangan. Selain dari nada G rendah, yang hanya memiliki satu cara untuk memainkannya, biasanya pemain musik biola [[klasik]] cenderung menghindari bunyi nada terbuka, karena kualitas nadanya yang lebih 'kasar' — terutama nada terbuka E — dibanding nada-nada tertutup lainnya, dan pemain tidak dapat menggunakan teknik getaran (''[[#Getaran|vibrato]]'') pada nada terbuka, walaupun bagi pemain yang mahir hal ini dapat diakali dengan cara melakukan teknik vibrato pada nada yang satu oktaf lebih tinggi dari nada terbuka tersebut.\n\nBeberapa penulis musik dapat membubuhkan tanda di musiknya jika sebuah nada perlu dimainkan dengan menggunakan senar terbuka, seperti pada karya-karya awal komponis seperti [[Bach]]. Nada terbuka juga dapat dimainkan pada bagian musik yang cepat, yang suaranya kurang lebih tidak dapat dibedakan.\n\n==== Pemberhentian ganda ====\n[[Pemberhentian ganda]] merupakan istilah untuk teknik memainkan biola dengan menggesek dua nada tertutup pada dua senar yang berbeda secara bersamaan, yang menghasilkan bunyi [[kord]]. Teknik pemberhentian ganda juga dapat dimainkan hanya dengan satu nada tertutup dan nada lainnya merupakan [[#Senar terbuka|Senar terbuka]]. Tiga atau empat nada juga dapat dimainkan secara bersamaan oleh pemain yang mahir, yang masing-masing disebut dengan 'pemberhentian ganda tiga' dan 'pemberhentian ganda empat' (nada-nadanya dapat dimainkan secara bersamaan atau dengan melakukan teknik pemberhentian ganda dua kali)\n\n==== Getaran ====\n{{sect-stub}}\nGetaran atau ''[[vibrato]]'' merupakan teknik menggetarkan senar dengan jari yang menekan senar. Senar digeser (sambil ditekan) dengan cepat maju-mundur sehingga menimbulkan suara bergetar. Teknik ini juga biasa disebut vibrasi.\n\n==== Harmonik ====\n{{sect-stub}}\nNada harmonik pada biola dibunyikan dengan menyentuh (bukan menekan) senar pada posisi tertentu yang menyebabkan timbulnya suara yang lebih tinggi dari suara nada pada posisi yang sama jika ditekan.\n\n=== Tangan kanan ===\n{|\n|-\n|valign=\"top\" width=\"150\"|[[Berkas:Right hand position on bow.jpg|100px]]
[{{cite web |title = ''The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust'', Silk Road Story 2: Bowed Instruments |publisher = Smithsonian Center for Folk life and Cultural Heritage |url = http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |accessdate = 2008-09-26 |archive-date = 2008-10-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2073,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:16.237965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title = ''The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust'', Silk Road Story 2: Bowed Instruments |publisher = Smithsonian Center for Folk life and Cultural Heritage |url = http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |accessdate = 2008-09-26 |archive-date = 2008-10-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:16.975978-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dipercayai bahwa alat-alat musik tersebut mula-mula dibawa ke Asia Timur, India, Bizantium, dan Timur Tengah.","translated_text":"It is believed that these instruments were first brought to East Asia, India, Byzantium, and the Middle East.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di tempat-tempat tersebut, alat-alat musik gesek disesuaikan dengan lingkungan dan berkembang menjadi alat musik erhu, esra, harpa tangan Bizantium, dan rebab.","translated_text":"In these places, slide instruments adapted to the environment and evolved into erhu, esra, Byzantine hand harps, and rebabs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biola dalam bentuk modern bermula dari Italia Utara pada awal abad ke-16, terutama di kota pelabuhan Venesia dan Genova, yang berhubungan langsung ke Asia Tengah lewat Jalur Sutra.","translated_text":"The violin in its modern form originated in Northern Italy in the early 16th century, particularly in the port cities of Venice and Genoa, which connected directly to Central Asia via the Silk Road.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Biola Eropa modern dipengaruhi oleh berbagai alat musik, terutama dari Timur Tengah dan Bizantium.","translated_text":"Modern European violins were influenced by a variety of musical instruments, especially from the Middle East and Byzantium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|title=The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z|last=Hoffman|first=Miles|publisher=[[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]]|accessdate=2008-09-26|archive-date=2008-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":71621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.046161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (41 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|title=The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z|last=Hoffman|first=Miles|publisher=[[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]]|accessdate=2008-09-26|archive-date=2008-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.409054-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{harvnb|Grillet|1901|p=29 }}]","char_index":98,"name":"Grillet29","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990]","char_index":98,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga jenis alat musik mula-mula yang biasanya disebut sebagai cikal-bakal biola adalah rebec (yang diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium dan rebab), vielle (biola abad Renaisans), dan lira da braccio (yang juga diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium).","translated_text":"The first three types of musical instruments commonly referred to as violin choirs were the rebec (derived from the Byzantine harp and rebab), the vielle (Renaissance-century violin), and the lira da braccio (also derived from the Byzantine harp).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Harvard reference |last= Panum |first=Hortense |author-link=Panum hortense |year=1939 |title=The stringed instruments of the Middle Ages, their evolution and development |publisher=London : William Reeves |page=434 }}]","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |last = Arkenberg |first = Rebecca |title = Renaissance Violins |month = October |year = 2002 |publisher = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |url = http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |accessdate = 2006-09-22 |archive-date = 2021-03-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |dead-url = no }}]","char_index":200,"name":null,"url":"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":83885,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.478561-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9287109375},{"content":"[{{cite web |last = Arkenberg |first = Rebecca |title = Renaissance Violins |month = October |year = 2002 |publisher = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |url = http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |accessdate = 2006-09-22 |archive-date = 2021-03-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |dead-url = no }}]","char_index":200,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.605053-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{harvnb|Grillet|1901|p=29 }}]","char_index":250,"name":"Grillet29","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu deskripsi terawal tentang biola, termasuk cara penyetelannya, ada di dalam Epitome musical karya Jambe de Fer, yang diterbitkan di Lyon pada 1556.","translated_text":"One of the earliest descriptions of the violin, including the manner in which it is set, is found in Jambe de Fer's Epitome musical, published in Lyon in 1556.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm |title=Historical Background of the Violin |publisher=ViolinOnline.com |first=Robin Kay |last=Deverich |year=2006 |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2006-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908175009/http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm |dead-url=no 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diragukan.","translated_text":"The oldest violin ever recorded to have four strings like the modern violin was made by Andrea Amati in 1555, although the exact year is uncertain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biola yang lebih awal hanya memiliki tiga senar, disebut violetta.","translated_text":"The earlier violin had only three strings, called the violetta.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seketika biola menjadi populer, baik di antara para pemusik jalanan maupun para bangsawan.","translated_text":"Soon the violin became popular, both among street musicians and the nobility.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini terbukti dengan raja Prancis Charles IX menyuruh Amati untuk membuat 24 biola untuknya pada tahun 1560.","translated_text":"This was proved by the French king Charles IX ordering Amati to make 24 violins for him in 1560.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |title=The History of the Violin |first=William |last=Bartruff |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2007-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112530/http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":111,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bartruff.com/history.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.964296-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |title=The History of the Violin |first=William |last=Bartruff |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2007-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112530/http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |dead-url=yes 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hiasan adalah Gasparo da Salò (1574 c.) yang pertama-tama dimiliki oleh Ferdinand II, Adipati Utama Austria, dan selanjutnya, sejak 1841, oleh virtuoso Norwegia, Ole Bull, yang menggunakannya selama empat puluh tahun dan ribuan konser.","translated_text":"The finest Renaissance violin with engravings and decorations is the Gasparo da Sal�� (1574 c.) first owned by Ferdinand II, Grand Duke of Austria, and then, since 1841, by the Norwegian virtuoso Ole Bull, who used it for forty years and thousands of concerts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini biola tersebut berada di Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum, Bergen, Norwegia.","translated_text":"The violin is now in the Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum, Bergen, Norway.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"The Messiah\" atau \"Le Messie\" (juga dikenal sebagai \"Salabue\") yang dibuat oleh Antonio Stradivari pada 1716 belum pernah sekalipun dipakai.","translated_text":"\"The Messiah\" or \"Le Messie\" (also known as \"Salabue\") created by Antonio Stradivari in 1716 has never been used.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biola tersebut berada di Museum Ashmolean di Oxford.","translated_text":"The violin is in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |title=Violin by Antonio Stradivari, 1716 (Messiah; la Messie, Salabue) |publisher=Cozio.com |accessdate=2008-09-26 |archive-date=2008-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":52,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":29202,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:28.112856-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |title=Violin by Antonio Stradivari, 1716 (Messiah; la Messie, Salabue) |publisher=Cozio.com |accessdate=2008-09-26 |archive-date=2008-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":52,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.535266-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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response.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Violin changes by 1800 |url=http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |author=Richard Perras |accessdate=2006-10-29 |archive-date=2006-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126061721/http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":226,"name":null,"url":"http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9561,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.604547-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74755859375},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Violin changes by 1800 |url=http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |author=Richard Perras |accessdate=2006-10-29 |archive-date=2006-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126061721/http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |dead-url=no 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possible.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hingga hari ini, alat musik dari \"Jaman Keemasan\" pembuatan biola, terutama yang dibuat oleh Stradivari dan Guarneri del Gesù, adalah alat-alat musik yang paling diburu oleh kolektor dan pemain biola.","translated_text":"To this day, the instruments of the \"Golden Age\" of violin making, especially those made by Stradivari and Guarneri del Gesù, are the most hunted by collectors and violinists.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rekor harga biola saat ini untuk biola Stradivari adalah AS$3.544.000 dalam sebuah lelang pada 16 Mei 2006.","translated_text":"The current record price for a Stradivari violin is US$3,544,000 in an auction on May 16, 2006.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua biola Stradivarius memiliki nama unik, misalnya, biola termahal Stradivari bernama \"Hammer\" (\"Palu\") yang dibuat pada tahun 1707.","translated_text":"All Stradivarius violins have unique names, for example, the most expensive Stradivari violin named \"Hammer\" (\"Hammer\") was made in 1707.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{citation|url=http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|title=Salinan arsip|accessdate=2009-10-12|archive-date=2010-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112040440/http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":"http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.850021-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is 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section","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebuah biola dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian; badan biola, leher biola, jembatan biola, papan jari, senar, dan beberapa macam perangkat pembantu.","translated_text":"A violin is divided into several parts; the body of the violin, the neck of the violin, the bridge of the violin, the fingerboard, the strings, and various auxiliary devices.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perangkat pembantu tersebut antara lain pasak penyetel untuk setiap senar, ekor biola untuk menahan senar, pin dan tali untuk menahan ekor biola, beberapa penyetel tambahan pada ekor biola bila diperlukan, dan sebuah penyangga dagu.","translated_text":"Such auxiliary devices include a cutting peg for each string, a fiddle tail to hold the string, pins and strings to hold the fiddle tail, some additional cutters on the fiddle tail if necessary, and a chin bracer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Penyangga dagu tersebut dapat tergabung dengan ekor biola ataupun dipasang di sebelah kirinya.)","translated_text":"(These chin pads can be attached to the tail of a violin or mounted on the left side.)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Badan biola terdiri atas dua papan suara yang melengkung yang disatukan oleh kayu yang disebut iga biola yang dilem menggunakan lem binatang, lem kulit binatang, atau resin.","translated_text":"The body of the violin consists of two curved soundboards joined together by a wood called a violin jug cast using animal glue, animal leather glue, or resin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Iga biola biasa terdiri dari bagian atas, keempat sudut, bagian bawah, dan garis tipis yang disebut lapisan dalam, yang membantu mempertahankan lekukan pada iga biola, dan memperluas permukaan untuk pengeleman.","translated_text":"The regular violin strings consist of a top, four corners, bottom, and thin line called the inner layer, which helps maintain the bending on the violin strings, and expands the surface for insertion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dipandang baik dari depan maupun dari belakang, badan biola menyerupai bentuk jam pasir.","translated_text":"Seen from both the front and the back, the body of the violin resembles the shape of a sand clock.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua buah lekukan menyerupai huruf C pada kedua sisi samping biola memberikan ruang bagi peggesek biola untuk bergerak.","translated_text":"Two curves resembling the letter C on either side of the violin give room for the violin strings to move.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Umumnya permukaan atas biola dibuat dari kayu spruce, sejenis kayu cemara, yang dipahat sehingga memiliki bentuk yang simetris dan diberi dua lubang suara (atau lubang-F, diberi nama demikian karena bentuknya).","translated_text":"Usually the top surface of the violin is made of spruce wood, a type of lumber, which is carved so that it has a symmetrical shape and is given two sound holes (or F-holes, so named because of its shape).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lubang suara tersebut memengaruhi kelenturan suara biola, dan juga sebagai \"lubang napas\" biola pada saat udara beresonansi di dalamnya.","translated_text":"The sound hole affects the flexibility of the violin's sound, and is also known as the \"breath hole\" of the violin when the air resonates in it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada pinggir permukaan ini, dibentuk suatu lekukan garis yang disebut purfling, tujuannya ialah menghalangi retakan yang berasal dari pinggir.","translated_text":"At the edge of this surface, a line curve is formed called a purfling, the purpose of which is to block the cracks that originate from the edge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Purfling palsu yang dicat pada permukaan biola biasanya menandakan kualitas biola yang rendah.","translated_text":"False purfling painted on the violin's surface usually indicates poor quality.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah balok kayu kecil dipasang di dalam permukaan atas biola, sejajar dengan jembatan biola di atasnya, untuk menambah massa serta kekerasan permukaan atas biola.","translated_text":"A small wooden beam is mounted inside the top surface of the violin, parallel to the bridge of the violin above it, to increase the mass and surface hardness of the violin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagian belakang dan samping biola dibuat dari kayu mapel, biasa dipilih yang memiliki alur yang sama.","translated_text":"The back and sides of the violin are made of maple wood, usually chosen to have the same groove.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian belakang biola umumnya dibuat dari kayu utuh yang dipahat secara simetris.","translated_text":"The back of the violin is generally made of hollow wood carved symmetrically.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini sering pula dibentuk purfling walaupun dalam hal ini tidak seberapa berpengaruh terhadap biola itu sendiri.","translated_text":"This part is often formed by purfling although in this case it does not have much influence on the violin itself.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa biola antik dibubuhi tulisan tangan atau diberi lapisan cat sebagai ganti purfling pada bagian belakang biola.","translated_text":"Some ancient violins were handwritten or given layers of paint instead of purfling on the back of the violin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah tonjolan setengah lingkaran kecil yang terdapat pada bagian yang dekat dengan leher biola memberikan permukaan tambahan pada saat pengeleman.","translated_text":"A small semicircular protrusion located near the neck of the violin provides an additional surface at the time of composition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tonjolan tersebut penting untuk sambungan antara leher dan badan biola, tetapi pada saat mengukur panjang biola bagian ini tidak dihiraukan.","translated_text":"These peaks are important for the connection between the neck and body of the violin, but when measuring the length of the violin this part is not taken into account.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Leher biola biasanya terbuat dari kayu mapel yang sejenis dengan bagian belakang dan samping badan biola.","translated_text":"The neck of the violin is usually made of a kind of maple with the back and sides of the body of the violin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada leher biola terdapat papan jari yang dibuat dari kayu eboni atau kayu lain yang dicat hitam.","translated_text":"On the neck of the violin is a fingerboard made of ebony or other black-painted wood.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kayu eboni sering dipilih oleh pengrajin biola karena sifatnya yang keras, menawan, dan tahan lama.","translated_text":"Ebonic timber is often chosen by violin makers because of its harsh, charming, and durable characteristics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa biola yang sangat tua menggunakan kayu mapel untuk papan jarinya, dan dipernis dengan kayu eboni.","translated_text":"Some very old violins use maple wood for their fingerboards, and are lined with ebony wood.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada ujung papan jari yang atas terdapat segaris kayu yang menonjol, biasa kayu eboni atau gading, yang disebut sadel atas.","translated_text":"At the top of the fingerboard is a prominent line of wood, usually ebony or ivory, called the upper saddle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tonjolan ini digunakan untuk menahan senar, sama seperti jembatan biola digunakan untuk hal yang sama di bagian badan biola.","translated_text":"These strings are used to hold the strings, just as the bridge of the violin is used for the same thing in the body of the violin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jembatan biola dipahat dengan hati-hati dari kayu mapel dan memiliki beberapa kegunaan: lengkungan atasnya menahan senar pada ketinggian tertentu dari papan jari dalam bentuk melengkung supaya dapat digesek sendiri-sendiri (atau bersamaan) dan menghantarkan getaran suara dari senar ke badan biola.","translated_text":"The violin bridge is carefully carved from maple wood and has several uses: its upper arch holds the strings at a certain height from the fingerboard in a curved shape so that it can be pressed alone (or simultaneously) and transmits the sound vibration from the strings to the violin body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jembatan ini setelah dipasang juga dapat digerakkan untuk menyetel bunyi biola.","translated_text":"This bridge, once installed, can also be moved to adjust the sound of the violin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagian Ekor biola adalah tempat menambatkan ujung bawah senar yang diselipkan ke dalam masing-masing dari empat lubangnya.","translated_text":"The tail section of the violin is where the lower end of the string is attached to each of the four holes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seringkali untuk senar E juga diberi penyetel tambahan untuk mempermudah penyetelan, tetapi untuk senar-senar yang lain juga dapat dipasangi penyetel tambahan ini.","translated_text":"Often for E strings an additional set is also given to facilitate the setup, but for other strings this additional setup can also be paired.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Beberapa pemain tidak mau menambahi penyetel tambahan karena dapat memperberat biola dan mengubah kualitas suara yang dihasilkan.)","translated_text":"(Some players are reluctant to add additional cutters because they can make the violin heavier and alter the sound quality.)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penggesek biola","translated_text":"Fiddle scraper","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penggesek biola terdiri dari sebatang kayu dan berhelai-helai rambut kuda yang dipasang dari satu ujung tongkat ke ujung yang lain.","translated_text":"The violin scissors consist of a wooden stick and horseshoe-haired strings attached from one end of the stick to the other.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rambut yang digunakan untuk busur biola ini biasanya diambil dari rambut ekor kuda putih jantan (rambutnya juga selalu bewarna putih keemasan), meskipun busur yang lebih murah menggunakan serat sintetis.","translated_text":"The hair used for this violin bow is usually taken from the hair of a male white horse's tail (the hair is also always golden white), although cheaper bows use synthetic fibers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada ujung bawahnya terdapat semacam sekrup yang digunakan untuk mengencangkan (saat akan dimainkan) atau mengendurkan (saat akan disimpan) rambut tersebut.","translated_text":"At its lower end is a type of screw used to tighten or loosen the hair.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dekat sekrup tersebut juga terdapat pegangan jempol serta jari-jari yang lain.","translated_text":"Near the screw there are also thumbs and other fingers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekrup ini jika dikendurkan sampai habis, akan melepas Frog dari kayu yang ada di busur biola.","translated_text":"If the screw is loosened to its full capacity, it will remove the frog from the wood in the violin bow.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jika busur biola rajin digosok dengan gala (Bahasa Inggris: rosin) akan membuat 'cengkeraman' busur ke senar menjadi lebih stabil dan terkontrol (tidak gampang lepas), dan dapat membantu teknik getaran.","translated_text":"If the violin's bow is diligently rubbed with a rosin, it will make the bow's grip on the strings more stable and controllable (not easily detached), and may aid in the technique of vibration.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Batang kayu yang digunakan biasanya dibuat dari kayu pernambuco untuk hasil yang terbaik atau dari kayu brasil yang lebih murah, dan busur yang murah biasanya menggunakan serat gelas.","translated_text":"The wood rods used are usually made of pernambuco wood for best results or from cheaper brazilian wood, and cheap bows typically use fiberglass.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Inovasi terakhir telah memungkinkan serat karbon untuk digunakan sebagai materi pembuatan batang kayu busur biola.","translated_text":"Recent innovations have allowed carbon fiber to be used as a material for the making of violin bows.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Senar biola","translated_text":"The violin strings","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Senar dibuat dari usus domba, direntangkan, dikeringkan, lalu dipelintir.","translated_text":"The strings are made from sheep's intestines, stretched, dried, and then twisted.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada suatu ketika ditemukan bahwa senar usus ini dapat dikembangkan dengan cara dicampuri logam.","translated_text":"At one point it was discovered that these intestinal strands could be developed by mixing metals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasil yang diperoleh dari proses ini adalah senar yang lebih kuat dan lebih seimbang, dan karena lebih padat dapat disetel dengan tekanan yang lebih besar, menghasilkan volume yang lebih besar pula.","translated_text":"The result of this process is stronger and more balanced strings, and as they are more dense they can be adjusted with greater pressure, resulting in greater volume as well.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dibanding dengan senar sintetis yang banyak digunakan sekarang, senar usus memiliki bunyi yang lebih hangat, seperti suara nyanyian.","translated_text":"Compared with the synthetic strings that are widely used today, gut strings have a warmer sound, such as the sound of singing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Senar modern menggunakan baja padat, baja untingan, atau berbagai bahan sintetis.","translated_text":"Modern threads use solid steel, stainless steel, or various synthetic materials.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua senar untingan dan beberapa senar padat dilapisi dengan bermacam-macam logam untuk menyesuaikan massanya, diameternya, dan kadar airnya .","translated_text":"All strings and some solid strings are coated with various metals to adjust their mass, diameter, and water content.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senar tertinggi E biasanya dari baja padat, yang kadang dicampur aluminium untuk mencegah \"siulan\".","translated_text":"The highest string E is usually of solid steel, which is sometimes mixed with aluminum to prevent \"slinging\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lapisan emas mencegah karat pada senar dan juga mengurangi \"siulan\".","translated_text":"The gold coating prevents corrosion on the strings and also reduces \"blowing\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Baja tahan karat menghasilkan suara yang sedikit berbeda.","translated_text":"Stainless steel makes a slightly different sound.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senar berinti sintetis menggabungkan kualitas yang dihasilkan senar usus dengan ketahan-lamaan dan stabilitas penyetelan.","translated_text":"Synthetic core strands combine the quality produced by gut strands with durability and stability of attachment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senar ini lebih sensitif kepada perubahan kelembaban daripada senar usus, dan tidak begitu sensitif terhadap perubahan temperatur daripada senar logam.","translated_text":"These strands are more sensitive to changes in humidity than intestinal strands, and less sensitive to changes in temperature than metal strands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ukuran biola","translated_text":"Size of violin","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Anak-anak yang mulai belajar biola pada saat belum bertumbuh maksimal biasanya menggunakan biola yang berukuran lebih kecil yang dimulai dari yang terkecil 1/16, 1/10, 1/8, 1/4, 2/4 (1/2), 3/4, dan biola untuk dewasa 4/4.","translated_text":"Children who start learning the violin when they are not fully grown usually use smaller violins starting from the smallest 1/16, 1/10, 1/8, 1/4, 2/4 (1/2), 3/4, and the violin for adults 4/4.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kadang kadang biola berukuran 1/32 juga digunakan (ukurannya sangat kecil).","translated_text":"Sometimes a violin measuring 1/32 is also used (it is very small).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada juga biola 7/8 yang biasanya digunakan oleh wanita.","translated_text":"There's also a 7/8 violin that's commonly used by women.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Panjang badan (tidak termasuk leher) biola 'penuh' atau ukuran 4/4 adalah sekitar 36 cm (atau lebih kecil menurut beberapa model dari abad ke-17).","translated_text":"The body length (excluding the neck) of the 'full' or 4/4 size violin is about 36 cm (or smaller according to some models from the 17th century).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biola 3/4 sepanjang 33 cm, 1/2 sepanjang 30 cm.","translated_text":"The violin is 3/4 inches long, 33 inches wide, 1/2 inches long.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai perbandingannya, viola 'penuh' berukuran sekitar 40 cm.","translated_text":"By comparison, the 'full' viola measures about 40 cm.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk menentukan ukuran biola yang cocok digunakan oleh seorang anak, biasanya sang anak disuruh memegang sebuah biola dan tangannya harus sampai menjangkau hingga ke gulungan kepala biola.","translated_text":"To determine the appropriate size of the violin for a child to use, the child is usually asked to hold a violin and his hands must reach as far as the reel of the violin's head.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa guru juga menganjurkan ukuran yang lebih kecil semakin baik.","translated_text":"Some teachers also recommend smaller sizes to be better.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemula biasanya menggunakan penanda di papan jari untuk menandai posisi jari tangan kiri, tetapi begitu terbiasa maka akan dilepaskan.","translated_text":"Beginners typically use a marker on the fingerboard to mark the position of the left hand, but once used it will be released.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cara yang lain adalah dengan memberi setitik 'tip-ex' putih sebagai penanda posisi jari yang lama-lama akan hilang jika terus berlatih.","translated_text":"Another way is to give a white tip-ex as a finger position marker that will eventually disappear if you continue to practice.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Biola biasanya digunakan dengan tangan kanan memegang busur dan tangan kiri menekan senar, meskipun orang tersebut adalah kidal, tetapi dalam beberapa kasus kadang-kadang seseorang juga dapat memainkannya secara kebalikan.","translated_text":"The violin is usually used with the right hand holding the bow and the left hand pressing the strings, although the person is left-handed, but in some cases sometimes one can also play it in reverse.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bermain biola","translated_text":"Playing the violin","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Walaupun ada beberapa pemain biola yang memainkan dengan kidal, tetapi mayoritas pemain biola, kidal maupun tidak kidal, bermain dengan biola di tangan kiri dan busur di tangan kanan.","translated_text":"Although there are some violinists who play with the left hand, the majority of violinists, left and non-left, play with the violin in the left hand and the bow in the right hand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cara yang benar untuk bermain biola adalah dengan memegang biola dengan tangan kiri, dan penyangga dagu pada biola diapit dengan dagu dan pundak kiri, dapat dibantu dengan penyangga bahu, tetapi banyak pemain yang memilih tidak menggunakannya.","translated_text":"The correct way to play the violin is to hold the violin with your left hand, and the chin support on the violin is attached with your chin and left shoulder, can be assisted with the shoulder support, but many players choose not to use it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bermain biola dapat dilakukan dengan berdiri maupun duduk di kursi, sesuai selera pemain.","translated_text":"Playing the violin can be done by standing or sitting in a chair, according to the player's taste.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cara membunyikan biola dapat dengan digesek dengan busur maupun dipetik dengan jari tangan kanan (teknik ini disebut dengan pizzicato).","translated_text":"The violin can be struck with the bow or struck with the right hand (this technique is called pizzicato).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun untuk pemain biasa memetik senar biola dengan teknik pizzicato selalu dilakukan dengan jari tangan kanan, tetapi ada pula pemain yang memetik dengan tangan kiri dan lagu-lagu khusus yang memerlukan kecepatan tinggi antara menggesek dengan busur dan memetik dengan jari sehingga jari tangan kiri yang digunakan.","translated_text":"Although for ordinary players picking violin strings with the pizzicato technique is always done with the right hand finger, there are also players picking with the left hand and special songs that require high speed between swiping with the bow and picking with the finger so that the left hand finger is used.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salah satu virtuoso biola yang terkenal sering bermain dengan kombinasi staccat, pizzicato (dengan menggunakan kedua tangan), harmoni, dan interval musik yang luas (seperti menggunakan interval mayor ke-10) pada musik konsernya adalah Paganini.","translated_text":"One well-known violin virtuoso often played a combination of staccat, pizzicato (using both hands), harmony, and wide musical intervals (such as using the 10th major interval) on his concert music was Paganini.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tangan kiri","translated_text":"Left hand","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena biola tidak memiliki fret seperti gitar sebagai penanda jari, seorang pemain biola harus benar-benar tahu di mana letak suatu nada dengan menggunakan perasaan.","translated_text":"Since the violin does not have a fret like the guitar as a fingerprint, a violinist must really know where to place a note by using feeling.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini hanya dapat dilakukan dengan berlatih terus menerus sehingga jari-jari tangan dapat secara otomatis menekan nada yang diinginkan dengan tepat (ingatan otot).","translated_text":"This can only be done by practicing continuously so that the fingers of the hand can automatically press the desired tone correctly (muscle memory).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain melatih jari, pemain biola juga harus melatih telinga sehingga dapat membedakan nada-nada sumbang, walaupun hanya sedikit saja.","translated_text":"In addition to exercising his fingers, the violinist must also train his ears to distinguish the notes, even if only slightly.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Teknik yang digunakan oleh para pemula untuk menandai letak nada pada biola antara lain dengan selotip yang ditempelkan pada leher biola, atau dengan menggunakan Tip X putih untuk menandai posisi jari.","translated_text":"Techniques used by beginners to mark the pitch placement on the violin include with a stylus attached to the neck of the violin, or by using a white X-tip to mark the position of the finger.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah latihan dengan rajin, seorang pemula diharapkan akan dapat mengingat-ingat dan meninggalkan metode-metode di atas dan mengandalkan refleks saja.","translated_text":"After diligent training, a beginner is expected to be able to recall and abandon the above methods and rely solely on reflexes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metode ini dianggap kurang begitu baik karena mengandalkan indra penglihatan, bukan pendengaran, sedangkan dalam bermain biola mengetahui posisi jari bukan melalui penglihatan, karena pemain juga harus membaca not musik, melainkan harus melalui pendengaran.","translated_text":"This method is considered to be less effective because it relies on the sense of sight rather than hearing, whereas in violin playing the position of the fingers is known not by sight, because the player must also read musical notes, but by hearing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Latihan pendengaran untuk pemula sebaiknya dilakukan sejak dini agar fondasinya kokoh.","translated_text":"Hearing training for beginners should be done early in order to strengthen the foundation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu teknik yang sering digunakan adalah dengan melatih bunyi yang sama.","translated_text":"One technique often used is to train the same sound.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keempat senar biola memiliki empat 'nada terbuka' atau 'senar terbuka', yaitu G-D-A-E (diberi warna hitam pada gambar), nada yang berbunyi jika senar digesek tanpa ditekan oleh jari.","translated_text":"The four violin strings have four 'open tones' or 'open strings', namely G-D-A-E (black in the picture), which sound when the strings are pressed without being pressed by the finger.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keempat nada terbuka ini akan turut bersuara jika nada serupa pada senar lain dibunyikan (karena persamaa frekuensi), misalnya senar D akan berbunyi jika nada D (kiri bawah pada gambar) pada senar G dibunyikan.","translated_text":"These four open tones will accompany sound if similar tones on another string are played (due to the same frequency), e.g. the D string will sound if the D tone (lower left in the image) on the G string is played.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada posisi pertama ada sembilan 'nada tertutup' (atau 'senar tertutup', yaitu nada yang berbunyi jika ditekan oleh jari) yang memiliki resonansi akustik dengan keempat nada terbuka di atas.","translated_text":"In the first position there are nine 'closed tones' (or 'closed strings', that is, tones that sound when pressed by the finger) that have acoustic resonance with the four open tones above.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Posisi jari","translated_text":"Finger position","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jari tangan biasanya diberi nomor 1 (telunjuk) hingga 4 (kelingking), dan not-not musik, terutama untuk para pemula, diberi penomoran demikian untuk menandai jari mana yang harus digunakan.","translated_text":"The fingers are usually numbered 1 (pointing) to 4 (ringing), and musical not-notes, especially for beginners, are numbered so as to indicate which fingers should be used.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nomor 0 berarti nada terbuka (jari tidak menekan senar).","translated_text":"The number 0 stands for open pitch.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagan di samping menunjukkan posisi pertama pada biola, yaitu nada-nada yang dapat ditekan oleh jari tanpa harus menggeser posisi tangan.","translated_text":"The chart below shows the first position on the violin, which is the notes that can be pressed by the finger without having to shift the position of the hand.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang tidak terlihat pada gambar di samping adalah jarak antara nada-nada tersebut yang semakin tinggi semakin kecil jaraknya.","translated_text":"What you don't see in the next picture is the distance between these tones the higher the smaller the distance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Garis biru menandakan posisi selotip untuk jari 1-2-3 yang biasa digunakan oleh pemula.","translated_text":"The blue line indicates the vertical position for the 1-2-3 fingers commonly used by beginners.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Posisi jari, seperti yang telah disinggung di atas, merupakan istilah untuk menggambarkan letak tangan relatif terhadap leher biola.","translated_text":"The position of the fingers, as noted above, is a term to describe the position of the hands relative to the neck of the violin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Posisi natural (yaitu posisi dasar) disebut Posisi 1; pada posisi ini tangan kiri memegang leher biola secara natural, jari-jari tangan dapat digunakan untuk memainkan seluruh tangga nada G mulai dari senar G dengan nada tertinggi nada B pada senar E. Pada biola maupun alat-alat musik gesek lainnya posisi ini merupakan posisi yang paling sering digunakan.","translated_text":"The natural position (i.e. base position) is called Position 1; in this position the left hand holds the neck of the violin naturally, the fingers of the hand can be used to play the entire G-note scale starting from the G-string with the highest note of the B-note on the E-string.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan menggeser posisi tangan kiri turun ke arah badan biola maka dikatakan posisinya telah berubah.","translated_text":"By shifting the position of the left hand downward toward the body of the violin, it is said that the position has changed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Posisi 2 dicapai dengan memposisikan jari telunjuk (jari 1) pada jari 2 di posisi 1, dengan kata lain posisi jarinya bergeser satu; Posisi 2 memiliki jangkauan mulai dari nada terendah B di G dan nada tertinggi C# di E. Posisi ketiga dari C di G hingga D# dan seterusnya.","translated_text":"Position 2 is achieved by placing the index finger (finger 1) on the finger 2 at position 1, in other words the position of the finger shifting one; position 2 has ranges ranging from the lowest note B at G and the highest note C# at E. The third position from C at G to D# and so on.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah Posisi 5 biasanya hanya pemain yang mahir yang menggunakannya untuk dapat memainkan nada-nada tinggi di senar E, dan biasanya sudah tidak diberi nama lagi (mis. walaupun secara teori ada Posisi 15, posisi yang dianggap tertinggi, tetapi hal tersebut tidak pernah diajarkan secara lisan).","translated_text":"After the 5th position only skilled players usually use it to play high notes on the E string, and it is usually no longer named (e.g. although there is theoretically a 15th position, the position is considered the highest, but it is never taught orally).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Batas atas nada biola tergantung pada tingkat kemahiran pemain seorang pemain biola, yang dapat dengan mudah bermain dua tangga nada pada satu senar, atau maksimal empat tangga nada pada keempat senar.","translated_text":"The limit on the pitch of a violin depends on the skill level of a violinist, who can easily play two pitches on one string, or a maximum of four pitches on four strings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Posisi terendah biasanya disebut Posisi ½, yaitu di antara nada terbuka dan Posisi 1, walaupun posisi ini jarang digunakan.","translated_text":"The lowest position is usually called the 1⁄2 position, i.e. between the open pitch and the 1 position, although this position is rarely used.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Senar yang digunakan untuk memainkan suatu nada biasanya memengaruhi kualitas nada, atau yang disebut dengan timbre, yang dihasilkan.","translated_text":"The strings used to play a note usually affect the quality of the note, or so-called timbre, produced.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Contohnya, walaupun nada E rendah dapat dimainkan di senar G (Posisi 2 - Posisi 5) dan di senar D (Posisi 1), tetapi kadang-kadang penulis musik menginginkan nada tersebut dimainkan di senar tertentu, contohnya dengan markah sul G yang berarti 'dimainkan di senar G' dan seterusnya.","translated_text":"For example, although a low E note can be played on a string G (Position 2 - Position 5) and on a string D (Position 1), but sometimes the composer wants the note to be played on a certain string, for example with the mark sul G meaning 'played on a string G' and so on.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit, maka seorang pemain dapat secara bebas menggunakan senar yang dipilihnya.","translated_text":"If not explicitly mentioned, then a player can freely use the string of his choice.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Senar terbuka","translated_text":"The line is open.","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menggesek ataupun memetik nada terbuka (senar terbuka) — yakni nada yang dibunyikan tanpa menekan senar dengan jari — memiliki suara yang khas dan berbeda dengan nada yang sama yang dibunyikan secara tertutup (ditekan oleh jari), misalnya nada terbuka D (di senar D) dan nada D pada senar G. Hal ini dikarenakan getaran senar yang lebih leluasa pada sadel atas jika tidak dihalangi oleh jari tangan.","translated_text":"Sliding or picking open tones (open strings) ⁇ are tones that are played without pressing the strings with the finger ⁇ have a distinctive sound and are different from the same tones that are played closedly (pressed by the finger), e.g. open tones D (on the D string) and D tones on the G string. This is due to the more relaxed string vibration on the upper saddle if not blocked by the finger.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain dari nada G rendah, yang hanya memiliki satu cara untuk memainkannya, biasanya pemain musik biola klasik cenderung menghindari bunyi nada terbuka, karena kualitas nadanya yang lebih 'kasar' — terutama nada terbuka E — dibanding nada-nada tertutup lainnya, dan pemain tidak dapat menggunakan teknik getaran (vibrato) pada nada terbuka, walaupun bagi pemain yang mahir hal ini dapat diakali dengan cara melakukan teknik vibrato pada nada yang satu oktaf lebih tinggi dari nada terbuka tersebut.","translated_text":"In addition to the low G-tone, which has only one way of playing it, typically classical violinists tend to avoid the sound of open tones, as the quality of their nadas is more 'rough' ⁇ especially the open E ⁇ than other closed tones, and players cannot use the vibratory technique (vibrato) on open tones, although for skilled players this can be accomplished by performing the vibrato technique on tones that are one octave higher than those open tones.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beberapa penulis musik dapat membubuhkan tanda di musiknya jika sebuah nada perlu dimainkan dengan menggunakan senar terbuka, seperti pada karya-karya awal komponis seperti Bach.","translated_text":"Some composers may put a mark on their music if a note needs to be played using open strings, as in early works by composers such as Bach.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nada terbuka juga dapat dimainkan pada bagian musik yang cepat, yang suaranya kurang lebih tidak dapat dibedakan.","translated_text":"Open tones can also be played on fast pieces of music, whose sounds are more or less indistinguishable.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemberhentian ganda","translated_text":"The double stop","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemberhentian ganda merupakan istilah untuk teknik memainkan biola dengan menggesek dua nada tertutup pada dua senar yang berbeda secara bersamaan, yang menghasilkan bunyi kord.","translated_text":"Double stop is a term for the technique of playing the violin by sliding two closed notes on two different strings simultaneously, producing the sound of a chord.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teknik pemberhentian ganda juga dapat dimainkan hanya dengan satu nada tertutup dan nada lainnya merupakan Senar terbuka.","translated_text":"The double stop technique can also be played with only one closed note and the other note is an open string.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga atau empat nada juga dapat dimainkan secara bersamaan oleh pemain yang mahir, yang masing-masing disebut dengan 'pemberhentian ganda tiga' dan 'pemberhentian ganda empat' (nada-nadanya dapat dimainkan secara bersamaan atau dengan melakukan teknik pemberhentian ganda dua kali)","translated_text":"Three or four notes can also be played simultaneously by skilled players, each of which is called a 'double stop three' and a 'double stop four' (the notes can be played simultaneously or by performing a double stop technique twice)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Getaran","translated_text":"The vibration","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Getaran atau vibrato merupakan teknik menggetarkan senar dengan jari yang menekan senar.","translated_text":"Vibration or vibrato is a technique of vibrating strings with the finger pressing the strings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senar digeser (sambil ditekan) dengan cepat maju-mundur sehingga menimbulkan suara bergetar.","translated_text":"The strings are pulled forward and backward so that they vibrate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teknik ini juga biasa disebut vibrasi.","translated_text":"This technique is also known as vibration.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Harmonik","translated_text":"The harmonies","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nada harmonik pada biola dibunyikan dengan menyentuh (bukan menekan) senar pada posisi tertentu yang menyebabkan timbulnya suara yang lebih tinggi dari suara nada pada posisi yang sama jika ditekan.","translated_text":"The harmonic notes on the violin are played by touching (rather than pressing) the strings in a particular position which causes a higher sound to arise from the sound of the notes in the same position if pressed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tangan kanan","translated_text":"The right hand","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|\n|-\n|valign=\"top\" width=\"150\"|[[Berkas:Right hand position on bow.jpg|100px]]
[{{cite web |title = ''The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust'', Silk Road Story 2: Bowed Instruments |publisher = Smithsonian Center for Folk life and Cultural Heritage |url = http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |accessdate = 2008-09-26 |archive-date = 2008-10-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":434,"name":null,"url":"http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2073,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:16.237965-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title = ''The Silk Road: Connecting Cultures, Creating Trust'', Silk Road Story 2: Bowed Instruments |publisher = Smithsonian Center for Folk life and Cultural Heritage |url = http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |accessdate = 2008-09-26 |archive-date = 2008-10-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html |dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":434,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081013123420/http://www.silkroadproject.org/smithsonian/nomads/story.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:16.975978-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Biola Eropa modern dipengaruhi oleh berbagai alat musik, terutama dari Timur Tengah dan Bizantium.","translated_text":"Modern European violins were influenced by a variety of musical instruments, especially from the Middle East and Byzantium.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|title=The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z|last=Hoffman|first=Miles|publisher=[[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]]|accessdate=2008-09-26|archive-date=2008-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":71621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.046161-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (41 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|title=The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z|last=Hoffman|first=Miles|publisher=[[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]]|accessdate=2008-09-26|archive-date=2008-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005918/http://www.cso.org/main.taf?p=1,1,4,20","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.409054-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{harvnb|Grillet|1901|p=29 }}]","char_index":98,"name":"Grillet29","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990]","char_index":98,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Biola Eropa modern dipengaruhi oleh berbagai alat musik, terutama dari Timur Tengah dan Bizantium. Tiga jenis alat musik mula-mula yang biasanya disebut sebagai cikal-bakal biola adalah rebec (yang diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium dan rebab), vielle (biola abad Renaisans), dan lira da braccio (yang juga diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium).","translated_text":"Modern European violins were influenced by a variety of musical instruments, especially from the Middle East and Byzantium. The first three types of musical instruments commonly referred to as violin choirs were the rebec (derived from the Byzantine harp and rebab), the vielle (Renaissance-century violin), and the lira da braccio (also derived from the Byzantine harp).","citations":[{"content":"[{{Harvard reference |last= Panum |first=Hortense |author-link=Panum hortense |year=1939 |title=The stringed instruments of the Middle Ages, their evolution and development |publisher=London : William Reeves |page=434 }}]","char_index":236,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |last = Arkenberg |first = Rebecca |title = Renaissance Violins |month = October |year = 2002 |publisher = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |url = http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |accessdate = 2006-09-22 |archive-date = 2021-03-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |dead-url = no }}]","char_index":299,"name":null,"url":"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":83885,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.478561-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9287109375},{"content":"[{{cite web |last = Arkenberg |first = Rebecca |title = Renaissance Violins |month = October |year = 2002 |publisher = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |url = http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |accessdate = 2006-09-22 |archive-date = 2021-03-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm |dead-url = no }}]","char_index":299,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renv/hd_renv.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.605053-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{harvnb|Grillet|1901|p=29 }}]","char_index":349,"name":"Grillet29","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Biola Eropa modern dipengaruhi oleh berbagai alat musik, terutama dari Timur Tengah dan Bizantium. Tiga jenis alat musik mula-mula yang biasanya disebut sebagai cikal-bakal biola adalah rebec (yang diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium dan rebab), vielle (biola abad Renaisans), dan lira da braccio (yang juga diturunkan dari harpa tangan Bizantium). Salah satu deskripsi terawal tentang biola, termasuk cara penyetelannya, ada di dalam Epitome musical karya Jambe de Fer, yang diterbitkan di Lyon pada 1556.","translated_text":"Modern European violins were influenced by a variety of musical instruments, especially from the Middle East and Byzantium. The first three types of musical instruments commonly referred to as violin choirs were the rebec (derived from the Byzantine harp and rebab), the vielle (Renaissance-century violin), and the lira da braccio (also derived from the Byzantine harp). One of the earliest descriptions of the violin, including the manner in which it is set, is found in Jambe de Fer's Epitome musical, published in Lyon in 1556.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm |title=Historical Background of the Violin |publisher=ViolinOnline.com |first=Robin Kay |last=Deverich |year=2006 |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2006-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908175009/http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":509,"name":null,"url":"http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":17330,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.672958-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.86083984375},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm |title=Historical Background of the Violin |publisher=ViolinOnline.com |first=Robin Kay |last=Deverich |year=2006 |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2006-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908175009/http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":509,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060908175009/http://www.violinonline.com/historicalbackgroundoftheviolin.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.894044-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Biola yang lebih awal hanya memiliki tiga senar, disebut violetta. Seketika biola menjadi populer, baik di antara para pemusik jalanan maupun para bangsawan. Hal ini terbukti dengan raja Prancis Charles IX menyuruh Amati untuk membuat 24 biola untuknya pada tahun 1560.","translated_text":"The earlier violin had only three strings, called the violetta. Soon the violin became popular, both among street musicians and the nobility. This was proved by the French king Charles IX ordering Amati to make 24 violins for him in 1560.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |title=The History of the Violin |first=William |last=Bartruff |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2007-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112530/http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":269,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bartruff.com/history.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:17.964296-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |title=The History of the Violin |first=William |last=Bartruff |accessdate=2006-09-22 |archive-date=2007-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112530/http://www.bartruff.com/history.php |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":269,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070208112530/http://www.bartruff.com/history.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:28.042825-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat ini biola tersebut berada di Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum, Bergen, Norwegia. \"The Messiah\" atau \"Le Messie\" (juga dikenal sebagai \"Salabue\") yang dibuat oleh Antonio Stradivari pada 1716 belum pernah sekalipun dipakai. Biola tersebut berada di Museum Ashmolean di Oxford.","translated_text":"The violin is now in the Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum, Bergen, Norway. \"The Messiah\" or \"Le Messie\" (also known as \"Salabue\") created by Antonio Stradivari in 1716 has never been used. The violin is in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |title=Violin by Antonio Stradivari, 1716 (Messiah; la Messie, Salabue) |publisher=Cozio.com |accessdate=2008-09-26 |archive-date=2008-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":278,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":29202,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:28.112856-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (14 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |title=Violin by Antonio Stradivari, 1716 (Messiah; la Messie, Salabue) |publisher=Cozio.com |accessdate=2008-09-26 |archive-date=2008-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":278,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081008063952/http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=111","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.535266-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terjadi perubahan yang cukup besar pada pembuatan biola pada abad ke-18, terutama dalam hal panjang dan sudut leher biola. Mayoritas alat musik lama telah diperbarui sesuai standar baru tersebut, sehingga menjadi berbeda dari keadaan ketika alat musik tersebut diselesaikan oleh seniman pembuat biola, termasuk perbedaan dalam hal suara dan respons.","translated_text":"Significant changes occurred in violin making in the 18th century, especially in terms of the length and angle of the neck of the violin. Most of the old instruments have been updated to the new standards, thus becoming different from the circumstances when the instruments were completed by violin makers, including differences in sound and response.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Violin changes by 1800 |url=http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |author=Richard Perras |accessdate=2006-10-29 |archive-date=2006-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126061721/http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":349,"name":null,"url":"http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":9561,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.604547-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74755859375},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=Violin changes by 1800 |url=http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |author=Richard Perras |accessdate=2006-10-29 |archive-date=2006-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126061721/http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":349,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061126061721/http://rperras.tripod.com/id42.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.780284-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hingga hari ini, alat musik dari \"Jaman Keemasan\" pembuatan biola, terutama yang dibuat oleh Stradivari dan Guarneri del Gesù, adalah alat-alat musik yang paling diburu oleh kolektor dan pemain biola. Rekor harga biola saat ini untuk biola Stradivari adalah AS$3.544.000 dalam sebuah lelang pada 16 Mei 2006. Semua biola Stradivarius memiliki nama unik, misalnya, biola termahal Stradivari bernama \"Hammer\" (\"Palu\") yang dibuat pada tahun 1707.","translated_text":"To this day, the instruments of the \"Golden Age\" of violin making, especially those made by Stradivari and Guarneri del Gesù, are the most hunted by collectors and violinists. The current record price for a Stradivari violin is US$3,544,000 in an auction on May 16, 2006. All Stradivarius violins have unique names, for example, the most expensive Stradivari violin named \"Hammer\" (\"Hammer\") was made in 1707.","citations":[{"content":"[{{citation|url=http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|title=Salinan arsip|accessdate=2009-10-12|archive-date=2010-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112040440/http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":444,"name":null,"url":"http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1321,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:29.850021-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{citation|url=http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|title=Salinan arsip|accessdate=2009-10-12|archive-date=2010-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112040440/http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":444,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100112040440/http://www.stradivariusviolins.org/pricesofstradivariusviolins.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:30.013446-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"The history of the violin - A quick overview about the history of the violin, including answers to questions such as \"Why old master instruments sound so good\" National Music Museum- Violins Pictures of violins by Andrea Amati, Cremona, ca. 1560, and other rare instruments. Violin Acoustics - University of New South Wales Musical Instrument Samples - University of Iowa Electronic Music Studios; anechoic recordings of violin sounds, both arco and pizzicato at various dynamics.","translated_text":"The history of the violin - A quick overview about the history of the violin, including answers to questions such as \"Why old master instruments sound so good\" National Music Museum- Violins Pictures of violins by Andrea Amati, Cremona, c. 1560, and other rare instruments. Violin Acoustics - University of New South Wales Musical Instrument Samples - University of Iowa Electronic Music Studios; anechoic recordings of violin sounds, both arco and pizzicato at various dynamics.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118110945/http://theremin.music.uiowa.edu/MIS.violin.html |date=2009-01-18 }}","char_index":351,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090118110945/http://theremin.music.uiowa.edu/MIS.violin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:30.083519-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"The history of the violin - A quick overview about the history of the violin, including answers to questions such as \"Why old master instruments sound so good\" National Music Museum- Violins Pictures of violins by Andrea Amati, Cremona, ca. 1560, and other rare instruments. Violin Acoustics - University of New South Wales Musical Instrument Samples - University of Iowa Electronic Music Studios; anechoic recordings of violin sounds, both arco and pizzicato at various dynamics. Videos of famous violinists Why is the violin so hard to play?","translated_text":"The history of the violin - A quick overview about the history of the violin, including answers to questions such as \"Why old master instruments sound so good\" National Music Museum- Violins Pictures of violins by Andrea Amati, Cremona, c. 1560, and other rare instruments. Violin Acoustics - University of New South Wales Musical Instrument Samples - University of Iowa Electronic Music Studios; anechoic recordings of violin sounds, both arco and pizzicato at various dynamics. Videos of famous violinists Why is the violin so hard to play?","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312070045/http://vegyeskar.hu/violin.hegedu.video/ |date=2007-03-12 }}","char_index":509,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070312070045/http://vegyeskar.hu/violin.hegedu.video/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:30.153523-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"- Answers this question, as well as explaining the mechanics of bowed strings. Technical but very accessible. The Greatest Violinist Niccolo Paganini - Short Biography of Niccolo Paganini, blogtokohpedia Violin Making, step by step","translated_text":"- Answers this question, as well as explaining the mechanics of bowed strings. Technical but very accessible. The Greatest Violinist Niccolo Paganini - Short Biography of Niccolo Paganini, blog","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315103559/http://web.telia.com/~u54519934/Violin_E/index_e.html |date=2008-03-15 }}","char_index":231,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080315103559/http://web.telia.com/~u54519934/Violin_E/index_e.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:30.221642-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Trombopoietin","wikicode":"'''Trombopoietin''' ({{lang-en|Thrombopoietin, leukemia virus oncogene ligand, megakaryocyte growth and development factor, TPO}}) merupakan [[hormon]] [[ligan]] c-Mpl yang disintesis [[hati]] dan [[organ]] lain,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9766811\n| title = Native thrombopoietin: structure and function\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Kato T, Matsumoto A, Ogami K, Tahara T, Morita H, Miyazaki H.\n}}] dan di[[sekresi]] ke dalam [[sirkulasi darah]] menuju [[sumsum tulang]]. TPO memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik THPO pada [[kromosom 3 (manusia)|kromosom 3]] lokasi 3q27.[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7066\n| title = THPO thrombopoietin [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\nTPO menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan [[diferensiasi]] [[megakariosit]] dengan [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[megakariositopoiesis]] yang menuju pada produksi [[keping darah]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Hormon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Hormon]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"ef2f50c3e154cbcb0c7c533b8fdcf71c07fd4beedd1a5c51d058750b79ee1ae9","last_revision":"2023-01-23T12:31:35Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T12:13:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.265292","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ثرومبوبويتين","bn":"থ্রম্বোপোয়েটিন","ca":"Trombopoetina","cs":"Trombopoetin","cy":"THPO","de":"Thrombopoetin","dv":"ތްރޮމްބޯ ޕޮއިއިޓިން","en":"Thrombopoietin","es":"Trombopoyetina","fa":"ترومبوپویتین","fr":"Thrombopoïétine","gl":"Trombopoetina","it":"Trombopoietina","ja":"トロンボポエチン","lt":"Trombopoetinas","pl":"Trombopoetyna","pt":"Trombopoietina","ru":"Тромбопоэтин","tr":"Trombopoetin","uk":"Тромбопоетин","zh":"促血小板生成素"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Trombopoietin () merupakan hormon ligan c-Mpl yang disintesis hati dan organ lain, dan disekresi ke dalam sirkulasi darah menuju sumsum tulang. TPO memiliki berkas genetik THPO pada kromosom 3 lokasi 3q27.\n\nTPO menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi megakariosit dengan lintasan megakariositopoiesis yang menuju pada produksi keping darah.\n\nKategori:Hormon\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Trombopoietin () merupakan hormon ligan c-Mpl yang disintesis hati dan organ lain, dan disekresi ke dalam sirkulasi darah menuju sumsum tulang.","translated_text":"Trombopoietin () is a c-Mpl ligand hormone synthesized by the liver and other organs, and secreted into the bloodstream into the bone marrow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9766811 | title = Native thrombopoietin: structure and function | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Kato T, Matsumoto A, Ogami K, Tahara T, Morita H, Miyazaki H. }}]","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9766811","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":138254,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:30.290399-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81982421875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"TPO memiliki berkas genetik THPO pada kromosom 3 lokasi 3q27.","translated_text":"TPO has a THPO genetic file on chromosome 3 location 3q27.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7066 | title = THPO thrombopoietin [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":61,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7066","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":258935,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:31.074504-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"TPO menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi megakariosit dengan lintasan megakariositopoiesis yang menuju pada produksi keping darah.","translated_text":"TPO stimulates the growth and differentiation of megakariosites by the pathway of megakariositopoiesis leading to the production of blood clots.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Hormon","translated_text":"Category:Hormones","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Trombopoietin () merupakan hormon ligan c-Mpl yang disintesis hati dan organ lain, dan disekresi ke dalam sirkulasi darah menuju sumsum tulang.","translated_text":"Trombopoietin () is a c-Mpl ligand hormone synthesized by the liver and other organs, and secreted into the bloodstream into the bone marrow.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9766811 | title = Native thrombopoietin: structure and function | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Kato T, Matsumoto A, Ogami K, Tahara T, Morita H, Miyazaki H. }}]","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9766811","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":138254,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:30.290399-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81982421875}]},{"text":"Trombopoietin () merupakan hormon ligan c-Mpl yang disintesis hati dan organ lain, dan disekresi ke dalam sirkulasi darah menuju sumsum tulang. TPO memiliki berkas genetik THPO pada kromosom 3 lokasi 3q27.","translated_text":"Trombopoietin () is a c-Mpl ligand hormone synthesized by the liver and other organs, and secreted into the bloodstream into the bone marrow. TPO has a THPO genetic file on chromosome 3 location 3q27.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7066 | title = THPO thrombopoietin [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":205,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7066","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":258935,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:31.074504-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}]}]}
+{"title":"AVG PC TuneUp","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = AVG PC TuneUp\n| author = TuneUp Utilities\n| developer = [[AVG Technologies]] / [[Avast]]\n| released = {{Start date and age|1997|df=yes}}
[[Tora Sudiro]]
[[Indah Kalalo]]
[[Rasyid Yudha Bintata]]
[[Anindika Widya]]
[[Jaja Mihardja]]
[[Zacky Zimah]]
[[Guntur Triyoga]]
[[Kieran Shidu]]
[[Firman Maliksyah]]\n|music = \n|cinematography = \n|editing =\n|distributor = [[Kanta Indah Film]]\n|released = [[28 Oktober]] [[2010]]\n|runtime = ... menit\n|country = [[Indonesia]]\n|awards = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n|budget = \n|gross = \n|preceded_by = \n|followed_by = \n|website = \n|amg_id = \n|imdb_id = \n}}\n'''Mafia Insyaf''' adalah [[film aksi]] [[Indonesia]] yang dirilis pada [[28 Oktober]] [[2010]] dengan disutradarai oleh [[Otoy Witoyo|Otoy]] yang dibintangi oleh [[Atiqah Hasiholan]], [[Tora Sudiro]], dan [[Indah Kalalo]]\n\n== Sinopsis ==\n\nMacan Polkadot selama ini dikenal sebagai gank mafia yang cukup ditakuti, dipimpin oleh Dewi, memiliki 3 anak laki-laki: Kendra, Romi dan Jodi. Dewi merasa sudah tua dan ingin Kendra mewarisi usaha keluarganya. Dewi meminta Kendra mencari calon istri. Sampai akhirnya Kendra tak sengaja bertemu dengan Selma yang ternyata bekerja sebagai komisaris polisi. Selma sering menyamar untuk menuntaskan setiap kasusnya. Selma membuat hidup Kendra bergairah lagi.\n\nHubungan Selma dan Kendra menjadi dekat. Untuk menutupi identitasnya, Kendra mengaku bekerja di yayasan sosial dan Selma mengaku bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri. Sampai akhirnya Selma mengaku bahwa dia sebenarnya polisi yang menyamar untuk mengungkap kasus-kasus penyelundupan, penggelapan pajak dan mafia. Kendra terkejut mengetahuinya. Selma shock mengetahui identitas Kendra yang sebenarnya. Kendra berjanji pada Selma, jika suatu saat dia terlibat urusan kriminal, Selma boleh menangkap dengan tangannya sendiri.\n\nSayangnya Kendra terpaksa terlibat dalam perkelahian ketika kedua adiknya diculik gank Kampak Ungu. Sesuai janjinya, Kendra membiarkan Selma menangkapnya. Selma sedih mendapati kenyataan itu. Kendra, Romi dan Jodi menjalani pengadilan. Mereka berhadapan dengan Bobi, jaksa yang jatuh hati pada Selma yang menjadi jaksa penuntut dalam kasus perkelahian antar gank itu.\n\nAkankah Kendra dan adik-adiknya menang dalam kasus ini? Bagaimana akhir kisah cinta antara Kendra dan Selma?[[http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm, Laman Mafia Insyaf]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 26 Oktober 2010]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm Ulasan di Cineplex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029170744/http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm |date=2010-10-29 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Film berbahasa Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film laga]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Kanta Indah Film]]\n\n\n{{Film-indo-stub}}","hash":"b9564992cf2c1fbe047ecc5a08fc175b99606837b9954181c36358c94baf3d7e","last_revision":"2022-11-25T15:02:46Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T12:45:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.429620","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Mafia Insyaf adalah film aksi Indonesia yang dirilis pada 28 Oktober 2010 dengan disutradarai oleh Otoy yang dibintangi oleh Atiqah Hasiholan, Tora Sudiro, dan Indah Kalalo\n\nMacan Polkadot selama ini dikenal sebagai gank mafia yang cukup ditakuti, dipimpin oleh Dewi, memiliki 3 anak laki-laki: Kendra, Romi dan Jodi. Dewi merasa sudah tua dan ingin Kendra mewarisi usaha keluarganya. Dewi meminta Kendra mencari calon istri. Sampai akhirnya Kendra tak sengaja bertemu dengan Selma yang ternyata bekerja sebagai komisaris polisi. Selma sering menyamar untuk menuntaskan setiap kasusnya. Selma membuat hidup Kendra bergairah lagi.\n\nHubungan Selma dan Kendra menjadi dekat. Untuk menutupi identitasnya, Kendra mengaku bekerja di yayasan sosial dan Selma mengaku bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri. Sampai akhirnya Selma mengaku bahwa dia sebenarnya polisi yang menyamar untuk mengungkap kasus-kasus penyelundupan, penggelapan pajak dan mafia. Kendra terkejut mengetahuinya. Selma shock mengetahui identitas Kendra yang sebenarnya. Kendra berjanji pada Selma, jika suatu saat dia terlibat urusan kriminal, Selma boleh menangkap dengan tangannya sendiri.\n\nSayangnya Kendra terpaksa terlibat dalam perkelahian ketika kedua adiknya diculik gank Kampak Ungu. Sesuai janjinya, Kendra membiarkan Selma menangkapnya. Selma sedih mendapati kenyataan itu. Kendra, Romi dan Jodi menjalani pengadilan. Mereka berhadapan dengan Bobi, jaksa yang jatuh hati pada Selma yang menjadi jaksa penuntut dalam kasus perkelahian antar gank itu.\n\nAkankah Kendra dan adik-adiknya menang dalam kasus ini? Bagaimana akhir kisah cinta antara Kendra dan Selma?\n\nUlasan di Cineplex\n\nKategori:Film berbahasa Indonesia Kategori:Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 2010 Kategori:Kanta Indah Film\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Film\n|movie_name = Mafia Insyaf\n|image = Poster film Mafia Insyaf.jpg\n|image_size = \n|caption = Poster film\n|director = [[Otoy Witoyo]]\n|producer = [[Budi Mulyono]]\n|eproducer = \n|aproducer = \n|writer = \n|starring = [[Atiqah Hasiholan]]
[[Tora Sudiro]]
[[Indah Kalalo]]
[[Rasyid Yudha Bintata]]
[[Anindika Widya]]
[[Jaja Mihardja]]
[[Zacky Zimah]]
[[Guntur Triyoga]]
[[Kieran Shidu]]
[[Firman Maliksyah]]\n|music = \n|cinematography = \n|editing =\n|distributor = [[Kanta Indah Film]]\n|released = [[28 Oktober]] [[2010]]\n|runtime = ... menit\n|country = [[Indonesia]]\n|awards = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n|budget = \n|gross = \n|preceded_by = \n|followed_by = \n|website = \n|amg_id = \n|imdb_id = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mafia Insyaf adalah film aksi Indonesia yang dirilis pada 28 Oktober 2010 dengan disutradarai oleh Otoy yang dibintangi oleh Atiqah Hasiholan, Tora Sudiro, dan Indah Kalalo","translated_text":"Mafia Insyaf is an Indonesian action film released on 28 October 2010 directed by Otoy starring Atiqah Hasiholan, Tora Sudiro, and Indah Kalalo.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Macan Polkadot selama ini dikenal sebagai gank mafia yang cukup ditakuti, dipimpin oleh Dewi, memiliki 3 anak laki-laki: Kendra, Romi dan Jodi.","translated_text":"The Polkadot tiger has long been known as a rather feared mafia gank, led by the Goddess, has three sons: Kendra, Romi and Jodi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dewi merasa sudah tua dan ingin Kendra mewarisi usaha keluarganya.","translated_text":"The goddess feels old and wants Kendra to inherit her family's business.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dewi meminta Kendra mencari calon istri.","translated_text":"The goddess asked Kendra to look for a future wife.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sampai akhirnya Kendra tak sengaja bertemu dengan Selma yang ternyata bekerja sebagai komisaris polisi.","translated_text":"Until Kendra accidentally met Selma, who turned out to be a police commissioner.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selma sering menyamar untuk menuntaskan setiap kasusnya.","translated_text":"Selma often disguises herself to solve every case.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selma membuat hidup Kendra bergairah lagi.","translated_text":"Selma is making Kendra's life exciting again.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hubungan Selma dan Kendra menjadi dekat.","translated_text":"Selma and Kendra's relationship is getting closer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk menutupi identitasnya, Kendra mengaku bekerja di yayasan sosial dan Selma mengaku bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri.","translated_text":"To hide her identity, Kendra admitted to working in a social foundation and Selma admitted to working as a civil servant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sampai akhirnya Selma mengaku bahwa dia sebenarnya polisi yang menyamar untuk mengungkap kasus-kasus penyelundupan, penggelapan pajak dan mafia.","translated_text":"Until Selma finally admitted that she was actually a cop in disguise to expose cases of smuggling, tax evasion and mafia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kendra terkejut mengetahuinya.","translated_text":"Kendra was surprised to learn.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selma shock mengetahui identitas Kendra yang sebenarnya.","translated_text":"Selma Shock knows Kendra's true identity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kendra berjanji pada Selma, jika suatu saat dia terlibat urusan kriminal, Selma boleh menangkap dengan tangannya sendiri.","translated_text":"Kendra promises Selma that if she ever gets involved in a criminal matter, Selma can arrest her with her own hands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sayangnya Kendra terpaksa terlibat dalam perkelahian ketika kedua adiknya diculik gank Kampak Ungu.","translated_text":"Unfortunately, Kendra was forced into a fight when her two sisters were kidnapped.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sesuai janjinya, Kendra membiarkan Selma menangkapnya.","translated_text":"As promised, Kendra let Selma catch him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selma sedih mendapati kenyataan itu.","translated_text":"Selma is sad to find out.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kendra, Romi dan Jodi menjalani pengadilan.","translated_text":"Kendra, Romi and Jodi are on trial.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka berhadapan dengan Bobi, jaksa yang jatuh hati pada Selma yang menjadi jaksa 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2010]","char_index":52,"name":null,"url":"http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm,","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":38705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:33.332793-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0916748046875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ulasan di Cineplex","translated_text":"Reviews at Cineplex","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029170744/http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm |date=2010-10-29 }}","char_index":18,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101029170744/http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.765563-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Film berbahasa Indonesia Kategori:Film laga Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 2010 Kategori:Kanta Indah Film","translated_text":":Film in Indonesian Category:Film games Category:Film Indonesia Category:Film Indonesia in 2010 Category:Kanta Indah Film","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Akankah Kendra dan adik-adiknya menang dalam kasus ini? Bagaimana akhir kisah cinta antara Kendra dan Selma?","translated_text":"Will Kendra and her siblings win this case? How did the love story between Kendra and Selma end?","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm, Laman Mafia Insyaf]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, diakses pada 26 Oktober 2010]","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":"http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm,","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":38705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:33.332793-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0916748046875}]},{"text":"Ulasan di Cineplex","translated_text":"Reviews at Cineplex","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029170744/http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm |date=2010-10-29 }}","char_index":18,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101029170744/http://www.21cineplex.com/mafia-insyaf-mafi,movie,2401.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.765563-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Kanta Indah Film","wikicode":"{{artikelutama}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perusahaan produksi film Indonesia|Kanta Indah Film]]","hash":"6730bcc0f94a7c12ba207448800939f28ed52bee9eff452d1964e6c890a1c942","last_revision":"2010-10-26T12:46:27Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T12:46:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.494703","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kanta Indah Film\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kanta Indah Film","translated_text":"It's a beautiful film","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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+{"title":"Hipoglisemia","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Hipoglikemia]]","hash":"c6bedddf91f58e664aebb24bf2c5fad715451818acccc410ef0df38cf6abab13","last_revision":"2023-12-04T06:38:22Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T13:34:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.676805","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Hipoglikemia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Hipoglikemia","translated_text":"What is hypoglycemia?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Markas Besar Kepolisian Republik Indonesia","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia]]","hash":"c3dde4a32ea2d52d58cb1440deac1e6a13c48f99d03dd930cdd2c6082ce3d3d0","last_revision":"2010-10-26T13:36:45Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T13:36:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.733955","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia","translated_text":"ALIH State Police of the Republic of Indonesia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Markas Besar Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia]]","hash":"c3dde4a32ea2d52d58cb1440deac1e6a13c48f99d03dd930cdd2c6082ce3d3d0","last_revision":"2010-10-26T13:37:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T13:37:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.791339","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia","translated_text":"ALIH State Police of the Republic of Indonesia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bidikan teleskopik","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Edit 4x rifle scope.jpg|jmpl|ka|Bidikan teleskopik dengan kemampuan pembesaran (zoom) 4x.]]\n\n'''Bidikan teleskopik''' adalah bidikan optik (menggunakan lensa) yang berguna untuk memberikan pembesaran secara visual guna mendapatkan tambahan akurasi menggunakan titik sasaran (pada salah satu atau kedua buah lensa) pada [[senjata api]], [[busur silang]] (''crossbow''). Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya [[bidikan besi]], [[bidikan refleks]] dan [[bidikan laser]].\n\n{{senapan-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Komponen senjata]]\n[[Kategori:Bidikan senjata api]]\n[[Kategori:Optika]]\n[[Kategori:Militer]]","hash":"6ed346fcaf0bccc5bb19e783497e3765486b0cb3a5cf37b4158d9e38ca2e74e0","last_revision":"2023-03-03T13:05:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T13:48:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.849303","cross_lingual_links":{"br":"Lunedenn (arm-tan)","ca":"Mira telescòpica","cs":"Puškohled","de":"Zielfernrohr","el":"Τηλεσκοπική διόπτρα","en":"Telescopic sight","eo":"Cellorno","es":"Mira telescópica","et":"Optiline sihik","eu":"Mira teleskopiko","fa":"دوربین تفنگ","fi":"Kiikaritähtäin","fr":"Lunette (arme)","he":"כוונת טלסקופית","it":"Mirino telescopico","ka":"ოპტიკური სამიზნე","kk":"Оптикалық көздеуіш","ko":"망원 조준경","nl":"Telescoopvizier","nb":"Kikkertsikte","pl":"Celownik optyczny","pt":"Mira telescópica","ru":"Оптический прицел","simple":"Sniper scope","sk":"Puškohľad","sq":"Pamësi teleskopik","sv":"Kikarsikte","tr":"Dürbün (nişangâh)","uk":"Оптичний приціл","zh":"瞄准镜","zh-yue":"瞄準鏡"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Bidikan teleskopik adalah bidikan optik (menggunakan lensa) yang berguna untuk memberikan pembesaran secara visual guna mendapatkan tambahan akurasi menggunakan titik sasaran (pada salah satu atau kedua buah lensa) pada senjata api, busur silang (crossbow). Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan refleks dan bidikan laser.\n\nKategori:Komponen senjata Kategori:Bidikan senjata api Kategori:Optika Kategori:Militer\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bidikan teleskopik adalah bidikan optik (menggunakan lensa) yang berguna untuk memberikan pembesaran secara visual guna mendapatkan tambahan akurasi menggunakan titik sasaran (pada salah satu atau kedua buah lensa) pada senjata api, busur silang (crossbow).","translated_text":"Telescopic imaging is an optical imaging (using lenses) useful for providing visual magnification in order to obtain additional accuracy using a target point (on one or both lenses) on a firearm, crossbow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan refleks dan bidikan laser.","translated_text":"Other popular models used include iron shots, reflex shots and laser shots.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Komponen senjata Kategori:Bidikan senjata api Kategori:Optika Kategori:Militer","translated_text":":Components of weapons Category:Arms education Category:Optics Category:Military","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri 2010","wikicode":"{{Kotak info kompetisi sepak bola internasional\n|tourney_name = [[Piala Pertiwi|Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri]]\n|year = 2010\n|other_titles = \n|image =\n|size = 125px\n|caption = \n|country = Indonesia\n|dates = [[4 Oktober]] – [[9 Oktober]]\n|num_teams = [[#Tim peserta|7]]\n|confederations =\n|venues = 1\n|cities = 1\n|champion_other = [[Papua]]\n|count = \n|second_other = [[Jawa Barat]]\n|third_other = [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n|fourth_other = [[Sumatera Utara]]\n|matches = 13\n|goals = 45\n|attendance = \n|top_scorer = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Akudiana Tebay]] ([[Papua]])\n|player = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Akudiana Tebay]] ([[Papua]])\n|yellow cards = \n|yellow-red cards = \n|red cards = \n|updated =\n}}\n'''Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri 2010''' adalah kejuaraan sepak bola [[putri]] musim ketiga. Kejuaraan ini merupakan bagian kejuaraan sepak bola profesional putri di [[Indonesia]]. Kompetisi ini dijadwalkan dilaksanakan pada [[4 Oktober]] [[2010]] hingga [[9 Oktober]] [[2010]].\n\n== Format ==\nKompetisi ini menggunakan sistem kompetisi terpusat dengan tempat penyelenggaraan di [[Jakarta|ibu kota negara]]. Kompetisi ini diikuti tujuh [[provinsi]] dari 33 provinsi anggota [[Persatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh Indonesia]].\n\nKompetisi dimulai dalam sistem grup, dengan 7 tim terbagi dalam dua grup. Setiap grup terdiri dari tiga dan empat tim, juara grup dan peringkat dua dari setiap grup maju ke semifinal.\n\nPartai gugur dimulai di babak semifinal, pemenang partai semifinal maju ke partai final untuk memperebutkan gelar juara. Tim yang kalah dalam partai semifinal bertanding untuk meraih peringkat tiga.\n\nSetiap tim harus menyertakan minimal delapan pemain muda dengan usia dibawah enambelas tahun. Hal ini untuk mengembangkan pemain sepak bola putri untuk direkrut masuk ke [[Tim nasional sepak bola putri Indonesia]] di masa depan.\n\n== Peserta ==\n[[Aceh]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Riau]], [[Kepulauan Riau]], [[Jambi]], [[Sumatera Selatan]], [[Bengkulu]], [[Lampung]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Jawa Timur]], [[Bali]], [[Nusa Tenggara Barat]], [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Kalimantan Tengah]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]], [[Kalimantan Timur]], [[Sulawesi Utara]], [[Gorontalo]], [[Sulawesi Tengah]], [[Sulawesi Barat]], [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Sulawesi Tenggara]], [[Maluku]], [[Maluku Utara]] and [[Papua Barat]]. Provinsi-provinsi tersebut tidak mengirimkan tim dalam penyelenggaraan tahun ini, karena tidak memiliki waktu untuk mempersiapkan tim.\n\n== Babak grup ==\n=== Grup A ===\n{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL\n|update=complete\n|source= \n|team1=JB|name_JB={{flagicon|Jawa Barat}} [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]\n|team2=SU|name_SU={{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]]\n|team3=BT|name_BT={{flagicon|Banten}} [[Tim galanita Banten|Banten]]\n|win_JB=2|draw_JB=0|loss_JB=0|gf_JB=6|ga_JB=0\n|win_SU=1|draw_SU=0|loss_SU=1|gf_SU=0|ga_SU=3\n|win_BT=0|draw_BT=0|loss_BT=2|gf_BT=0|ga_BT=3\n|res_col_header=Q|result1=KO|result2=KO|col_KO=green1\n|text_KO=Lolos ke [[#Babak gugur|babak gugur]]\n}}\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|4}}\n|time = {{UTZ|07:30|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]] {{flagicon|Jawa Barat}}\n|score = 3–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Meylan (pemain sepak bola)|Meylan]] {{goal|3||14||52}}\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n----\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|5}}\n|time = {{UTZ|07:30|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Banten|Banten]] {{flagicon|Banten}}\n|score = 0–3\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Jawa Barat}} [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]\n|goals1 =\n|goals2 =\n*[[Meylan (pemain sepak bola)|Meylan]] {{goal|41}}\n*[[Canigia]] {{goal|64}}\n*[[Tia (pemain sepak bola)|Tia]] {{goal|75}}\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n----\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|6}}\n|time = {{UTZ|07:30|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Banten|Banten]] {{flagicon|Banten}}\n|score = 0–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]]\n|goals1 =\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]\n|penalties1 = [[Fidelia (pemain sepak bola)|Fidelia]] {{pengoal}}\n|penaltyscore = 1–2\n|penalties2 =\n*[[Novida Sri Devi]] {{pengoal}}\n*[[Enita Triana]] {{Pengoal}}\n}}\n\n=== Grup B ===\n{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL\n|update=complete\n|source= \n|team1=PAP|name_PAP={{flagicon|Papua}} [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]]\n|team2=JKT|name_JKT={{flagicon|Jakarta}} [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]|status_JKT=H\n|team3=KBB|name_KBB={{flagicon|Bangka Belitung}} [[Tim galanita Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan Bangka Belitung]]\n|team4=YOG|name_YOG={{flagicon|Yogyakarta}} [[Tim galanita Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI Yogyakarta]]\n|win_PAP=3|draw_PAP=0|loss_PAP=0|gf_PAP=10|ga_PAP=0\n|win_JKT=2|draw_JKT=0|loss_JKT=1|gf_JKT=3|ga_JKT=1\n|win_KBB=0|draw_KBB=1|loss_KBB=2|gf_KBB=2|ga_KBB=8\n|win_YOG=0|draw_YOG=1|loss_YOG=2|gf_YOG=2|ga_YOG=8\n|res_col_header=Q|result1=KO|result2=KO|col_KO=green1\n|text_KO=Lolos ke [[#Babak gugur|babak gugur]]\n}}\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|4}}\n|time = {{UTZ|09:30|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI Yogyakarta]] {{flagicon|Yogyakarta}}\n|score = 2–2\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Bangka Belitung}} [[Tim galanita Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan Bangka Belitung]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Farhana]] {{goal|39}}\n*[[Tugiyati]] {{goal|48}}\n|goals2 =\n*[[Umi Rosidah]] {{goal|9}}\n*[[Rosmita]] {{goal|47}}\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|4}}\n|time = {{UTZ|15:00|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]] {{flagicon|Jakarta}}\n|score = 0–1\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Papua}} [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]]\n|goals1 =\n|goals2 =\n*[[Heny Yigibalom]] {{goal|68}}\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n----\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|5}}\n|time = {{UTZ|09:30|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]] {{flagicon|Jakarta}}\n|score = 1–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Yogyakarta}} [[Tim galanita Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI Yogyakarta]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Rani Mulyasari]] {{goal|74}}\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|5}}\n|time = {{UTZ|15:00|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan Bangka Belitung]] {{flagicon|Bangka Belitung}}\n|score = 0–4\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Papua}} [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]]\n|goals1 =\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n----\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|6}}\n|time = {{UTZ|09:30|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]] {{flagicon|Jakarta}}\n|score = 2–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Bangka Belitung}} [[Tim galanita Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan Bangka Belitung]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Maulina Novry Liani]] {{goal|5|56}}\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|6}}\n|time = {{UTZ|15:00|7}}\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]] {{flagicon|Papua}}\n|score = 5–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Yogyakarta}} [[Tim galanita Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI Yogyakarta]]\n|goals1 =\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n== Babak gugur ==\n{{Round4-with third|bold_winner=high\n\n\n|8 Oktober – [[Jakarta]]|{{flagicon|Papua}} [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]]|7|{{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]]|0\n|8 Oktober – [[Jakarta]]|{{flagicon|Jawa Barat}} [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]|2|{{flagicon|Jakarta}} [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]|0\n\n|9 Oktober – [[Jakarta]]|{{flagicon|Papua}} [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]]|4|{{flagicon|Jawa Barat}} [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]|0\n\n|9 Oktober – [[Jakarta]]|{{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]]|0|{{flagicon|Jakarta}} [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]|6\n}}\n\n=== Semifinal ===\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|8}}\n|time = \n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]] {{flagicon|Papua}}\n|score = 7–0\n|report = https://www.antaranews.com/berita/227461/tim-galanita-papua-sikat-sumut-7-0-lolos-ke-final\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Akudiana Tebay]] {{goal|46||63}}\n*[[Heni Jigibalom]] {{goal|54}}\n*[[Hermina Tabuni|Amina Tabuni]] {{goal|78}}\n*[[Regina Wonda]] {{goal|81}}\n*{{goal|?|o.g.}}\n*{{goal|?|o.g.}}\n|goals2 = \n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n----\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|8}}\n|time =\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]] {{flagicon|Jawa Barat}}\n|score = 2–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Jakarta}} [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Ira (pemain sepak bola)|Ira]] {{goal|}}\n*[[Siti (pemain sepak bola)|Siti]] {{goal|}}\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n=== Perebutan tempat ketiga ===\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|9}}\n|time =\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Sumatera Utara|Sumatera Utara]] {{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}}\n|score = 0–6\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Jakarta}} [[Tim galanita Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n|goals1 =\n|goals2 =\n*[[Rani Mulyasari]] {{goal|30||86}}\n*[[Anggi Puspitasari]] {{goal|40}}\n*[[Susi Susanti (pemain sepak bola)|Susi Susanti]] {{goal|54}}\n*[[Maulina Novry Liani]] {{goal|69||80}}\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n=== Final ===\n{{footballbox\n|date = {{start date|2010|10|9}}\n|time =\n|team1 = [[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]] {{flagicon|Papua}}\n|score = 4–0\n|report =\n|team2 = {{flagicon|Jawa Barat}} [[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]\n|goals1 =\n*[[Rulin Asparek]] {{goal|12}}\n*[[Akudiana Tebay]] {{goal|13||44}}\n*[[Hermina Tabuni|Amina Tabuni]] {{goal|20}}\n|goals2 =\n|stadium = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Ragunan]], [[Jakarta]]}}\n\n== Hasil akhir ==\n{{winners-other|Juara Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri 2010|Papua|[[Tim galanita Papua|Papua]]|ke-1
{{nobold|{{small|Uang pembinaan: 10 juta rupiah}}}}[{{cite news|url=https://www.bola.net/indonesia/papua-juarai-turnamen-sepak-bola-wanita-pssi.html|title=Papua Juarai Turnamen Sepak Bola Wanita PSSI|publisher=Bola.net|date=10 Oktober 2010}}]}}
\n{{Col-begin}}\n{{Col-2}}\n{{winners-other|Juara kedua Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri 2010|Jawa Barat|[[Tim galanita Jawa Barat|Jawa Barat]]|ke-1
{{nobold|{{small|Uang pembinaan: 7,5 juta rupiah}}}}
{{nobold|{{small|Uang pembinaan: 5 juta rupiah}}}}[\n|{{flagicon|Papua}} [[Akudiana Tebay]]]
(6 gol)\n|-\n|{{small|Hadiah uang: 500 ribu rupiah}}\n|{{small|Hadiah uang: 1 juta rupiah}}\n|}\n\n== Pencetak gol ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Scorer\n!Club\n!Goals\n|-\n!rowspan=1| 1\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Akudiana Tebay]]\n|[[Papua]]\n| 6\n|-\n!rowspan=2| 2\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Meylan]]\n|[[Jawa Barat]]\n| 4\n|-\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Maulina Novry Liani]]\n|[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n| 4\n|-\n!rowspan=1| 4\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Rani Mulyasari]]\n|[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n| 3\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:2010, Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri}}\n[[Kategori:Kompetisi sepak bola di Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Indonesia dalam tahun 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Piala Pertiwi]]","hash":"6588cf7d892f00ac6543908d3cf157d042491d7ff553ce7e01cbe750f711a27c","last_revision":"2023-09-29T20:45:22Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T13:48:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.927541","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"2010 Indonesia Women's Football Tournament"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri 2010 adalah kejuaraan sepak bola putri musim ketiga. Kejuaraan ini merupakan bagian kejuaraan sepak bola profesional putri di Indonesia. Kompetisi ini dijadwalkan dilaksanakan pada 4 Oktober 2010 hingga 9 Oktober 2010.\n\nKompetisi ini menggunakan sistem kompetisi terpusat dengan tempat penyelenggaraan di ibu kota negara. Kompetisi ini diikuti tujuh provinsi dari 33 provinsi anggota Persatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh Indonesia.\n\nKompetisi dimulai dalam sistem grup, dengan 7 tim terbagi dalam dua grup. Setiap grup terdiri dari tiga dan empat tim, juara grup dan peringkat dua dari setiap grup maju ke semifinal.\n\nPartai gugur dimulai di babak semifinal, pemenang partai semifinal maju ke partai final untuk memperebutkan gelar juara. Tim yang kalah dalam partai semifinal bertanding untuk meraih peringkat tiga.\n\nSetiap tim harus menyertakan minimal delapan pemain muda dengan usia dibawah enambelas tahun. Hal ini untuk mengembangkan pemain sepak bola putri untuk direkrut masuk ke Tim nasional sepak bola putri Indonesia di masa depan.\n\nAceh, Sumatera Barat, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Bengkulu, Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Papua Barat. Provinsi-provinsi tersebut tidak mengirimkan tim dalam penyelenggaraan tahun ini, karena tidak memiliki waktu untuk mempersiapkan tim.\n\n|}\n\nKategori:Kompetisi sepak bola di Indonesia Kategori:Indonesia dalam tahun 2010 Kategori:Piala Pertiwi\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Kotak info kompetisi sepak bola internasional\n|tourney_name = [[Piala Pertiwi|Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri]]\n|year = 2010\n|other_titles = \n|image =\n|size = 125px\n|caption = \n|country = Indonesia\n|dates = [[4 Oktober]] – [[9 Oktober]]\n|num_teams = [[#Tim peserta|7]]\n|confederations =\n|venues = 1\n|cities = 1\n|champion_other = [[Papua]]\n|count = \n|second_other = [[Jawa Barat]]\n|third_other = [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n|fourth_other = [[Sumatera Utara]]\n|matches = 13\n|goals = 45\n|attendance = \n|top_scorer = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Akudiana Tebay]] ([[Papua]])\n|player = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Akudiana Tebay]] ([[Papua]])\n|yellow cards = \n|yellow-red cards = \n|red cards = \n|updated =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kejuaraan Nasional Sepak Bola Putri 2010 adalah kejuaraan sepak bola putri musim ketiga.","translated_text":"The 2010 Women's National Soccer Championship was the third season of the women's football championship.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kejuaraan ini merupakan bagian kejuaraan sepak bola profesional putri di Indonesia.","translated_text":"The championship is part of the women's professional football championship in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kompetisi ini dijadwalkan dilaksanakan pada 4 Oktober 2010 hingga 9 Oktober 2010.","translated_text":"The competition is scheduled to run from 4 October 2010 to 9 October 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Format","translated_text":"The format","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kompetisi ini menggunakan sistem kompetisi terpusat dengan tempat penyelenggaraan di ibu kota negara.","translated_text":"The competition uses a centralized competition system with venues in the nation's capital.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kompetisi ini diikuti tujuh provinsi dari 33 provinsi anggota Persatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh Indonesia.","translated_text":"The competition was attended by seven provinces from the 33 member provinces of the All Indonesia Football Union.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kompetisi dimulai dalam sistem grup, dengan 7 tim terbagi dalam dua grup.","translated_text":"The competition started in a group system, with 7 teams divided into two groups.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap grup terdiri dari tiga dan empat tim, juara grup dan peringkat dua dari setiap grup maju ke semifinal.","translated_text":"Each group consisted of three and four teams, the group winners and runners-up of each group advanced to the semifinals.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Partai gugur dimulai di babak semifinal, pemenang partai semifinal maju ke partai final untuk memperebutkan gelar juara.","translated_text":"The knockout stage begins at the semi-final stage, the winner of the semi-final stage advances to the final stage to claim the title of champion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tim yang kalah dalam partai semifinal bertanding untuk meraih peringkat tiga.","translated_text":"The losing team in the semi-final matches for third place.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setiap tim harus menyertakan minimal delapan pemain muda dengan usia dibawah enambelas tahun.","translated_text":"Each team must include at least eight young players under the age of sixteen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini untuk mengembangkan pemain sepak bola putri untuk direkrut masuk ke Tim nasional sepak bola putri Indonesia di masa depan.","translated_text":"It is to develop female footballers to be recruited into the Indonesian women's national football team in the future.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peserta","translated_text":"Participants","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aceh, Sumatera Barat, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Bengkulu, Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Papua Barat.","translated_text":"The following is a list of countries and territories in the world: Aceh, West Sumatra, Riau, the Riau Islands, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, Central Java, East Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Maluku, North Maluku and West Papua.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Provinsi","translated_text":"Province","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-provinsi tersebut tidak mengirimkan tim dalam penyelenggaraan tahun ini, karena tidak memiliki waktu untuk mempersiapkan tim.","translated_text":"- The province didn't send a team to this year's event, because it didn't have time to prepare a team.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak grup","translated_text":"Group round","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup A","translated_text":"Group A","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Grup B","translated_text":"Group B","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Babak gugur","translated_text":"The Fall Round","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Semifinal","translated_text":"Semifinals","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perebutan tempat ketiga","translated_text":"Third place match","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Final","translated_text":"The Final","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hasil akhir","translated_text":"The end result","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"|}","translated_text":"♪ It's all right ♪","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penghargaan","translated_text":"The Award","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0 auto;\"\n|-\n!width=250|Pemain terbaik\n!width=250|Pencetak gol terbanyak\n|-\n|{{flagicon|Papua}} [[Akudiana Tebay]][\n|{{flagicon|Papua}} [[Akudiana Tebay]]]
(6 gol)\n|-\n|{{small|Hadiah uang: 500 ribu rupiah}}\n|{{small|Hadiah uang: 1 juta rupiah}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Pencetak gol","translated_text":"Goal scorer","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Rank\n!Scorer\n!Club\n!Goals\n|-\n!rowspan=1| 1\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Akudiana Tebay]]\n|[[Papua]]\n| 6\n|-\n!rowspan=2| 2\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Meylan]]\n|[[Jawa Barat]]\n| 4\n|-\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Maulina Novry Liani]]\n|[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n| 4\n|-\n!rowspan=1| 4\n|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Rani Mulyasari]]\n|[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]]\n| 3\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kompetisi sepak bola di Indonesia Kategori:Indonesia dalam tahun 2010 Kategori:Piala Pertiwi","translated_text":":Football competition in Indonesia Category:Indonesia in the year 2010 Category:Piala Pertiwi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Bidikan senjata api","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Komponen senjata]]\n[[Kategori:Komponen senjata api]]","hash":"4d041aa0fd159bebea82add4eb695bff33b65d893a65db5c89a73e853ee4fc4f","last_revision":"2013-04-06T11:01:42Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T13:50:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:40.993725","cross_lingual_links":{"az":"Kateqoriya:Optik nişangahlar","en":"Category:Firearm sights","es":"Categoría:Miras (armas)","fa":"رده:دوربینهای اسلحه گرم","ko":"분류:화기 조준","pl":"Kategoria:Celowniki optyczne","pt":"Categoria:Miras de armas de fogo","ru":"Категория:Оптические прицелы","sq":"Kategoria:Pamës të armëve të zjarrit","tr":"Kategori:Nişangâhlar","uk":"Категорія:Оптичні приціли","zh":"Category:槍械瞄準"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Kategori:Komponen senjata Kategori:Komponen senjata api\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Komponen senjata Kategori:Komponen senjata api","translated_text":"Components of firearms","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Protein FLICE-i","wikicode":"'''Protein FLICE-i''' ({{lang-en|FLICE-inhibitory protein, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator, FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme inhibitory protein, FLIP}}) adalah [[faktor transkripsi]] dengan berkas [[gen]]etik CFLAR pada [[kromosom 2 (manusia)|kromosom 2]] lokasi 2q33-q34,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8837\n| title = CFLAR CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}] yang banyak terdapat pada [[jaringan otot]] dan [[jaringan limfoid]],[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217161\n| title = Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Institute of Biochemistry, Lausanne branch, University of Lausanne; Irmler M, Thome M, Hahne M, Schneider P, Hofmann K, Steiner V, Bodmer JL, Schröter M, Burns K, Mattmann C, Rimoldi D, French LE, Tschopp J.\n}}] sebagai regulator [[apoptosis]].\n\nOverekspresi FLIP dapat melindungi [[sel tumor]] dari mekanisme [[apoptosis]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441226\n| title = The role of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Pathology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; Dutton A, Young LS, Murray PG\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n{{Hormon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]","hash":"2ae78fca419c176d44cb9a3015c7e989f9ac3d9ed82a8d07b8f6184910adc79e","last_revision":"2019-11-29T13:07:16Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T14:05:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.047541","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"سي أف أل إيه آر","arz":"سى اف ال ايه آر","cy":"CFLAR","en":"CFLAR","fa":"CFLAR","nl":"FLIP (eiwit)","uk":"CFLAR"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Protein FLICE-i () adalah faktor transkripsi dengan berkas genetik CFLAR pada kromosom 2 lokasi 2q33-q34, yang banyak terdapat pada jaringan otot dan jaringan limfoid, sebagai regulator apoptosis.\n\nOverekspresi FLIP dapat melindungi sel tumor dari mekanisme apoptosis.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein FLICE-i () adalah faktor transkripsi dengan berkas genetik CFLAR pada kromosom 2 lokasi 2q33-q34, yang banyak terdapat pada jaringan otot dan jaringan limfoid, sebagai regulator apoptosis.","translated_text":"The FLICE-i () protein is a transcription factor with CFLAR genetic file on chromosome 2 location 2q33-q34, which is abundant in muscle tissue and lymphoid tissue, as a regulator of apoptosis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8837 | title = CFLAR CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8837","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":321201,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.834978-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.312744140625},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217161 | title = Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Institute of Biochemistry, Lausanne branch, University of Lausanne; Irmler M, Thome M, Hahne M, Schneider P, Hofmann K, Steiner V, Bodmer JL, Schröter M, Burns K, Mattmann C, Rimoldi D, French LE, Tschopp J. }}]","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217161","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":223425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.105653-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Overekspresi FLIP dapat melindungi sel tumor dari mekanisme apoptosis.","translated_text":"Over-expression of FLIP can protect tumor cells from the mechanism of apoptosis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441226 | title = The role of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Pathology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; Dutton A, Young LS, Murray PG }}]","char_index":70,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441226","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":161694,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.593829-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73193359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Protein FLICE-i () adalah faktor transkripsi dengan berkas genetik CFLAR pada kromosom 2 lokasi 2q33-q34, yang banyak terdapat pada jaringan otot dan jaringan limfoid, sebagai regulator apoptosis.","translated_text":"The FLICE-i () protein is a transcription factor with CFLAR genetic file on chromosome 2 location 2q33-q34, which is abundant in muscle tissue and lymphoid tissue, as a regulator of apoptosis.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8837 | title = CFLAR CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8837","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":321201,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:34.834978-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.312744140625},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217161 | title = Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Institute of Biochemistry, Lausanne branch, University of Lausanne; Irmler M, Thome M, Hahne M, Schneider P, Hofmann K, Steiner V, Bodmer JL, Schröter M, Burns K, Mattmann C, Rimoldi D, French LE, Tschopp J. }}]","char_index":167,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217161","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":223425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.105653-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8828125}]},{"text":"Overekspresi FLIP dapat melindungi sel tumor dari mekanisme apoptosis.","translated_text":"Over-expression of FLIP can protect tumor cells from the mechanism of apoptosis.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441226 | title = The role of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = Cancer Research UK Institute for Cancer Studies, Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Pathology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; Dutton A, Young LS, Murray PG }}]","char_index":70,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441226","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":161694,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:38.593829-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73193359375}]}]}
+{"title":"Bidikan refleks","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Tasco PDP2.jpg|ka|jmpl|Bidikan reflex ''red dot sight'' merk Tasco ProPoint 2 5 MOA (model PDP2ST), yang dipasang pada senapan serbu [[Ruger 10/22]]. Bidikan ini buatan Jepang untuk Tasco, bidikan Tasco ProPoint 2 merupakan salah satu model bidikan reflex ''red dot sight'' generasi awal.]]\n\n'''Bidikan refleks''' adalah bidikan optik yang memantulkan benda atau objek pada bahan kaca (optik) yang disusun sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan memfokuskan sasaran. Bidikan refleks dibuat sebagai bidikan optik tanpa kemampuan memperbesar sasaran. Bidikan ini tidak memancarkan seberkas sinar (seperti halnya [[bidikan laser]]) pada sasaran. Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya [[bidikan besi]], [[bidikan teleskopik]] dan [[bidikan laser]] pada sasaran. Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya [[bidikan besi]], [[bidikan teleskopik]] dan [[bidikan laser]] serbu [[Ruger 10/22]]. Bidikan ini buatan Jepang untuk Tasco, bidikan Tasco ProPoint 2 merupakan salah satu model bidikan refleks ''red dot sight'' generasi awal.\n\nBidikan dibuat sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan memfokuskan sasaran. Bidikan refleks dibuat sebagai bidikan optik tanpa kemampuan memperbesar sasaran.\n{{senapan-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Komponen senjata]]\n[[Kategori:Bidikan senjata api]]\n[[Kategori:Optika]]\n[[Kategori:Militer]]","hash":"ffa7918228a9ac22bf52c3ae45eb2e066bb907ad29f56a9bb219d7b93d605529","last_revision":"2023-03-03T13:03:46Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T14:15:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.117496","cross_lingual_links":{"cs":"Kolimátor (zaměřovač)","de":"Reflexvisier","en":"Reflector sight","et":"Reflektorsihik","fa":"دید بازتابنده","fi":"Heijastintähtäin","fr":"Viseur point rouge","he":"כוונת השלכה","it":"Red dot","pl":"Celownik kolimatorowy","sq":"Pamësi reflektor","uk":"Рефлекторний приціл","zh":"紅點鏡"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Bidikan refleks adalah bidikan optik yang memantulkan benda atau objek pada bahan kaca (optik) yang disusun sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan memfokuskan sasaran. Bidikan refleks dibuat sebagai bidikan optik tanpa kemampuan memperbesar sasaran. Bidikan ini tidak memancarkan seberkas sinar (seperti halnya bidikan laser) pada sasaran. Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan teleskopik dan bidikan laser pada sasaran. Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan teleskopik dan bidikan laser serbu Ruger 10/22. Bidikan ini buatan Jepang untuk Tasco, bidikan Tasco ProPoint 2 merupakan salah satu model bidikan refleks red dot sight generasi awal.\n\nBidikan dibuat sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan memfokuskan sasaran. Bidikan refleks dibuat sebagai bidikan optik tanpa kemampuan memperbesar sasaran.\n\nKategori:Komponen senjata Kategori:Bidikan senjata api Kategori:Optika Kategori:Militer\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bidikan refleks adalah bidikan optik yang memantulkan benda atau objek pada bahan kaca (optik) yang disusun sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan memfokuskan sasaran.","translated_text":"A reflex shot is an optical shot that reflects an object or object onto a glass (optical) material arranged in such a way that it focuses on the target.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan refleks dibuat sebagai bidikan optik tanpa kemampuan memperbesar sasaran.","translated_text":"Reflective intelligence is made as an optical shot without the ability to magnify the target.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan ini tidak memancarkan seberkas sinar (seperti halnya bidikan laser) pada sasaran.","translated_text":"It does not emit a beam of light (as does a laser shot) at the target.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan teleskopik dan bidikan laser pada sasaran.","translated_text":"Other popular models used include iron shooting, telescopic shooting and laser shooting at targets.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan teleskopik dan bidikan laser serbu Ruger 10/22.","translated_text":"Other popular models used include the iron shot, the telescopic shot and the Ruger 10/22 assault laser shot.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan ini buatan Jepang untuk Tasco, bidikan Tasco ProPoint 2 merupakan salah satu model bidikan refleks red dot sight generasi awal.","translated_text":"This Japanese-made shot for Tasco, the Tasco ProPoint 2 shot is one of the early generation red dot sight reflex shooting models.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bidikan dibuat sedemikian rupa dengan tujuan memfokuskan sasaran.","translated_text":"Education is created in such a way that the goal is to focus on the goal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan refleks dibuat sebagai bidikan optik tanpa kemampuan memperbesar sasaran.","translated_text":"Reflective intelligence is made as an optical shot without the ability to magnify the target.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Komponen senjata Kategori:Bidikan senjata api Kategori:Optika Kategori:Militer","translated_text":":Components of weapons Category:Arms education Category:Optics Category:Military","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Antigen karsinoembrionik","wikicode":"'''Antigen karsinoembrionik''' ({{lang-en|carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA}}) adalah [[glikoprotein]] keluarga [[imunoglobulin]] dengan 29 berkas [[gen]]etik yang berperan dalam [[adhesi sel]], 18 di antaranya merupakan [[ekspresi gen|ekspresi]] normal.[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202129\n| title = The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues\n| accessdate = 2010-10-27\n| work = Department of Immunology, Umeå University; Hammarström S.\n}}] CEA umumnya diproduksi pada masa [[embrio]] dan terhenti sebelum masa [[kelahiran]], oleh karena itu CEA biasanya tidak terdapat pada [[plasma darah]] orang dewasa, walaupun dapat meningkat pada perokok berat. Peningkatan rasio [[plasma darah|plasma]] CEA banyak ditemukan pada penderita [[kanker usus besar]], [[kanker lambung]], [[kanker pankreas]], [[kanker paru]], [[kanker payudara]], [[kanker tiroid]], [[radang]] [[kolitis]], [[pankreatitis]], [[sirosis]], COPD, [[penyakit Crohn]]\n\nCEA pertama kali ditemukan oleh [[Phil Gold]] dan [[Samuel O. Freedman]] pada ekstrak [[jaringan]] [[kanker usus besar]] pada [[manusia]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14270243\n| title = DEMONSTRATION OF TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HUMAN COLONIC CARCINOMATA BY IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE AND ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES\n| accessdate = 2010-10-26\n| work = GOLD P, FREEDMAN SO.\n}}] Dari studi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2008 ditemukan bahwa CEA membentuk kompleks dengan ekspresi [[glikosil fosfatidil inositol|CD44]] pada permukaan [[membran sel]] yang kemudian berfungsi sebagai [[kluster diferensiasi]] [[sialofucosylated glycoforms|CD44v]] dengan [[massa]] 180 [[satuan massa atom|kDa]] yang mencerap senyawa L-[[selektin]] dan E-selektin dari sel kanker untuk ber-[[metastasis]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375392\n| title = Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin in shear flow\n| accessdate = 2010-10-27\n| work = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University; Thomas SN, Zhu F, Schnaar RL, Alves CS, Konstantopoulos K.\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Karsinogen]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"2cff521cf234c88d8a010a2a4b750d26f15bbcef1806f0bae4885e09e9dcb910","last_revision":"2023-12-29T03:17:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T14:26:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.176474","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مستضد سرطاني مضغي","ca":"Antigen carcinoembrionari","de":"Carcinoembryonales Antigen","en":"Carcinoembryonic antigen","es":"Antígeno carcinoembrionario","fa":"آنتیژن کارسینوامبریونیک","fi":"Karsinoembryonaalinen antigeeni","fr":"Antigène carcinoembryonnaire","it":"Antigene carcino-embrionale","ja":"癌胎児性抗原","nl":"Carcino-embryonaal antigen","pl":"Antygen rakowo-płodowy","pt":"Antigénio carcinoembrionário","ro":"Antigen carcinoembrionar","ru":"Раково-эмбриональный антиген","si":"Carcinoembryonic antigen","th":"คาร์ซิโนเอมบริโอนิกแอนติเจน","uk":"Раково-ембріональний антиген","vi":"Kháng nguyên CEA","zh":"癌胚抗原"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Antigen karsinoembrionik () adalah glikoprotein keluarga imunoglobulin dengan 29 berkas genetik yang berperan dalam adhesi sel, 18 di antaranya merupakan ekspresi normal. CEA umumnya diproduksi pada masa embrio dan terhenti sebelum masa kelahiran, oleh karena itu CEA biasanya tidak terdapat pada plasma darah orang dewasa, walaupun dapat meningkat pada perokok berat. Peningkatan rasio plasma CEA banyak ditemukan pada penderita kanker usus besar, kanker lambung, kanker pankreas, kanker paru, kanker payudara, kanker tiroid, radang kolitis, pankreatitis, sirosis, COPD, penyakit Crohn\n\nCEA pertama kali ditemukan oleh Phil Gold dan Samuel O. Freedman pada ekstrak jaringan kanker usus besar pada manusia. Dari studi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2008 ditemukan bahwa CEA membentuk kompleks dengan ekspresi CD44 pada permukaan membran sel yang kemudian berfungsi sebagai kluster diferensiasi CD44v dengan massa 180 kDa yang mencerap senyawa L-selektin dan E-selektin dari sel kanker untuk ber-metastasis.\n\nKategori:Karsinogen\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antigen karsinoembrionik () adalah glikoprotein keluarga imunoglobulin dengan 29 berkas genetik yang berperan dalam adhesi sel, 18 di antaranya merupakan ekspresi normal.","translated_text":"Carcinoembryonic antigen () is a glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin family with 29 genetic files that play a role in cell adhesion, 18 of which are normal expression.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202129 | title = The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Department of Immunology, Umeå University; Hammarström S. }}]","char_index":170,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202129","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":141143,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:39.341595-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7451171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"CEA umumnya diproduksi pada masa embrio dan terhenti sebelum masa kelahiran, oleh karena itu CEA biasanya tidak terdapat pada plasma darah orang dewasa, walaupun dapat meningkat pada perokok berat.","translated_text":"CEA is generally produced in the embryo and stopped before birth, so CEA is not usually present in adult blood plasma, although it may increase in heavy smokers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peningkatan rasio plasma CEA banyak ditemukan pada penderita kanker usus besar, kanker lambung, kanker pankreas, kanker paru, kanker payudara, kanker tiroid, radang kolitis, pankreatitis, sirosis, COPD, penyakit Crohn","translated_text":"Increased plasma CEA ratios are commonly found in patients with colon cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, inflammatory colitis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, COPD, Crohn's disease","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"CEA pertama kali ditemukan oleh Phil Gold dan Samuel O. Freedman pada ekstrak jaringan kanker usus besar pada manusia.","translated_text":"CEA was first discovered by Phil Gold and Samuel O. Freedman in extracts of colon cancer tissue in humans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14270243 | title = DEMONSTRATION OF TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HUMAN COLONIC CARCINOMATA BY IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE AND ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = GOLD P, FREEDMAN SO. }}]","char_index":118,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14270243","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":164675,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:39.765319-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92431640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari studi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2008 ditemukan bahwa CEA membentuk kompleks dengan ekspresi CD44 pada permukaan membran sel yang kemudian berfungsi sebagai kluster diferensiasi CD44v dengan massa 180 kDa yang mencerap senyawa L-selektin dan E-selektin dari sel kanker untuk ber-metastasis.","translated_text":"From a study conducted in 2008 it was found that CEA formed a complex with CD44 expression on the surface of the cell membrane which then served as a CD44v differentiation cluster with a mass of 180 kDa that absorbed L-selectin and E-selectin compounds from cancer cells to metastasize.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375392 | title = Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin in shear flow | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University; Thomas SN, Zhu F, Schnaar RL, Alves CS, Konstantopoulos K. }}]","char_index":294,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375392","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.502037-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89501953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Karsinogen","translated_text":"Category:Carcinogens","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Antigen karsinoembrionik () adalah glikoprotein keluarga imunoglobulin dengan 29 berkas genetik yang berperan dalam adhesi sel, 18 di antaranya merupakan ekspresi normal.","translated_text":"Carcinoembryonic antigen () is a glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin family with 29 genetic files that play a role in cell adhesion, 18 of which are normal expression.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202129 | title = The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Department of Immunology, Umeå University; Hammarström S. }}]","char_index":170,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202129","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":141143,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:39.341595-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7451171875}]},{"text":"CEA pertama kali ditemukan oleh Phil Gold dan Samuel O. Freedman pada ekstrak jaringan kanker usus besar pada manusia.","translated_text":"CEA was first discovered by Phil Gold and Samuel O. Freedman in extracts of colon cancer tissue in humans.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14270243 | title = DEMONSTRATION OF TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HUMAN COLONIC CARCINOMATA BY IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE AND ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES | accessdate = 2010-10-26 | work = GOLD P, FREEDMAN SO. }}]","char_index":118,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14270243","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":164675,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:39.765319-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92431640625}]},{"text":"CEA pertama kali ditemukan oleh Phil Gold dan Samuel O. Freedman pada ekstrak jaringan kanker usus besar pada manusia. Dari studi yang dilakukan pada tahun 2008 ditemukan bahwa CEA membentuk kompleks dengan ekspresi CD44 pada permukaan membran sel yang kemudian berfungsi sebagai kluster diferensiasi CD44v dengan massa 180 kDa yang mencerap senyawa L-selektin dan E-selektin dari sel kanker untuk ber-metastasis.","translated_text":"CEA was first discovered by Phil Gold and Samuel O. Freedman in extracts of colon cancer tissue in humans. From a study conducted in 2008 it was found that CEA formed a complex with CD44 expression on the surface of the cell membrane which then served as a CD44v differentiation cluster with a mass of 180 kDa that absorbed L-selectin and E-selectin compounds from cancer cells to metastasize.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375392 | title = Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin in shear flow | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University; Thomas SN, Zhu F, Schnaar RL, Alves CS, Konstantopoulos K. }}]","char_index":413,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375392","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:40.502037-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89501953125}]}]}
+{"title":"Bidikan laser","wikicode":"[[Berkas:S&W .357 Magnum With Laser Sight.jpg|182px|jmpl|ka|Pistol revolver [[Smith & Wesson]] dilengkapi dengan bidikan laser.]]\n\n[[Berkas:AN-PEQ-2A-aiminglight.jpg|182px|jmpl|Senapan [[Karabin M4]] dilengkapi dengan bidikan laser '''AN/PEQ-2A'''.]]\n\n'''Bidikan laser''' adalah bidikan yang menggunakan sinar laser sebagai pemandu tembakan ke sasaran, biasanya dipasang sejajar dengan [[laras (senjata api)|laras]] senjata api. Sinar laser yang digunakan biasanya berwarna merah, tetapi saat ini ada juga bidikan laser yang menggunakan warna hijau sebagai warna sinar lasernya. Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya [[bidikan besi]], [[bidikan refleks]] dan [[bidikan teleskopik]].\n\n[[Kategori:Komponen senjata]]\n[[Kategori:Bidikan senjata api]]\n[[Kategori:Optika]]\n[[Kategori:Militer]]\n\n\n{{senapan-stub}}","hash":"8ccbb22cdb339ae2a46d9f33a3f67dbc0fa365a1f5ebfb81877d66b298ec48c9","last_revision":"2023-03-03T13:06:03Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T14:49:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.232378","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Laser sight","fi":"Lasertähtäin","it":"Mirino laser","nb":"Lasersikte","ru":"Лазерный целеуказатель"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Bidikan laser adalah bidikan yang menggunakan sinar laser sebagai pemandu tembakan ke sasaran, biasanya dipasang sejajar dengan laras senjata api. Sinar laser yang digunakan biasanya berwarna merah, tetapi saat ini ada juga bidikan laser yang menggunakan warna hijau sebagai warna sinar lasernya. Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan refleks dan bidikan teleskopik.\n\nKategori:Komponen senjata Kategori:Bidikan senjata api Kategori:Optika Kategori:Militer\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bidikan laser adalah bidikan yang menggunakan sinar laser sebagai pemandu tembakan ke sasaran, biasanya dipasang sejajar dengan laras senjata api.","translated_text":"A laser beam is a projectile that uses a laser beam as a guide to a target, usually mounted parallel to the barrel of a firearm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sinar laser yang digunakan biasanya berwarna merah, tetapi saat ini ada juga bidikan laser yang menggunakan warna hijau sebagai warna sinar lasernya.","translated_text":"The laser beam used is usually red, but today there are also laser shots that use green as the color of the laser beam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidikan model lain yang populer digunakan diantaranya bidikan besi, bidikan refleks dan bidikan teleskopik.","translated_text":"Other popular models used include iron shots, reflex shots and telescopic shots.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Komponen senjata Kategori:Bidikan senjata api Kategori:Optika Kategori:Militer","translated_text":":Components of weapons Category:Arms education Category:Optics Category:Military","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Konstitusi Bangladesh","wikicode":"'''Konstitusi Bangladesh''' atau '''Undang-Undang Negara Bangladesh''' ([[bahasa bengali|Bahasa Bengali]]: ''Bangladesh Shongbidhan''(বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান)) adalah hukum tertinggi di [[Bangladesh]]. Konstitusi Bangladesh menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai republik demokratis sekuler yang kekuasaanya dipegang oleh rakyat;[{{Cite web |url=http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2012-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093349/http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |dead-url=yes }}] dan meletakkan kerangka yang mentapkan prinsip-prinsip politik funfamental mengenai negara serta menguraikan hak-hak dasar warga negara. Konstitusi Bangladesh diloloskan oleh Majelis Konstituen Bangladesh pada 4 November 1972, dan mulai berlaku sejak 5 Desember 1972. Hari itu diperingati sebagai [[Hari Kemenangan (Bangladesh)|Hari Kemenangan]] karena menandai kekalahan [[Angkatan Darat Pakistan]] pada [[Perang Kemerdekaan Bangladesh]]. Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai [[Republik]] yang [[kedaulatan|berdaulat]], merdeka, dan bersatu, dan didirkan melalui perjuangan untuk kemerdekaan nasional, yang kelak dikenal sebagai Republik Rakyat Bangladesh. Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan ''[[nasionalisme]], [[sekularitas]], [[demokrasi]] dan [[sosialisme]]'' sebagai prisip pokok yang menetapkan Republik dan mendeklarasikan tujuan masyarakat yang menjamin bahwa warga negaranya memperoleh ''aturan hukum, hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan'' selain juga ''kesetaraan dan keadilan, politik, ekonomi dan sosial.''[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124641][http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124640][{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |dead-url=yes }}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ Teks lengkap konstitusi Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |date=2009-09-06 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Konstitusi]]\n[[Kategori:Pemerintahan Bangladesh]]\n\n\n{{negara-stub|Bangladesh}}","hash":"12d23ccc02a29dd49a0f8de068bec6ebc3b0c1aed484c57ca3e998b732fa7f1d","last_revision":"2023-01-23T07:47:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T15:16:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.298760","cross_lingual_links":{"bn":"বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান","ca":"Constitució de Bangladesh","el":"Σύνταγμα του Μπανγκλαντές","en":"Constitution of Bangladesh","es":"Constitución de Bangladés","fr":"Constitution du Bangladesh","hi":"बांग्लादेश का संविधान","ru":"Конституция Бангладеш","zh":"孟加拉国宪法"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Konstitusi Bangladesh atau Undang-Undang Negara Bangladesh (Bahasa Bengali: Bangladesh Shongbidhan(বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান)) adalah hukum tertinggi di Bangladesh. Konstitusi Bangladesh menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai republik demokratis sekuler yang kekuasaanya dipegang oleh rakyat; dan meletakkan kerangka yang mentapkan prinsip-prinsip politik funfamental mengenai negara serta menguraikan hak-hak dasar warga negara. Konstitusi Bangladesh diloloskan oleh Majelis Konstituen Bangladesh pada 4 November 1972, dan mulai berlaku sejak 5 Desember 1972. Hari itu diperingati sebagai Hari Kemenangan karena menandai kekalahan Angkatan Darat Pakistan pada Perang Kemerdekaan Bangladesh. Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai Republik yang berdaulat, merdeka, dan bersatu, dan didirkan melalui perjuangan untuk kemerdekaan nasional, yang kelak dikenal sebagai Republik Rakyat Bangladesh. Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan nasionalisme, sekularitas, demokrasi dan sosialisme sebagai prisip pokok yang menetapkan Republik dan mendeklarasikan tujuan masyarakat yang menjamin bahwa warga negaranya memperoleh aturan hukum, hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan selain juga kesetaraan dan keadilan, politik, ekonomi dan sosial.\n\nTeks lengkap konstitusi Bangladesh\n\nKategori:Konstitusi Kategori:Pemerintahan Bangladesh\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konstitusi Bangladesh atau Undang-Undang Negara Bangladesh (Bahasa Bengali: Bangladesh Shongbidhan(বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান)) adalah hukum tertinggi di Bangladesh.","translated_text":"The Constitution of Bangladesh or the State Law of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ Shongbidhan(বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান)) is the supreme law of Bangladesh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konstitusi Bangladesh menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai republik demokratis sekuler yang kekuasaanya dipegang oleh rakyat; dan meletakkan kerangka yang mentapkan prinsip-prinsip politik funfamental mengenai negara serta menguraikan hak-hak dasar warga negara.","translated_text":"The Constitution of Bangladesh proclaims Bangladesh as a secular democratic republic whose power is held by the people; and lays down a framework that lays down the fundamental political principles concerning the country as well as outlines the basic rights of its citizens.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2012-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093349/http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |dead-url=yes 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}}]","char_index":118,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093349/http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.748280-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konstitusi Bangladesh diloloskan oleh Majelis Konstituen Bangladesh pada 4 November 1972, dan mulai berlaku sejak 5 Desember 1972.","translated_text":"The Constitution of Bangladesh was passed by the Bangladesh Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1972, and came into force on 5 December 1972.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hari itu diperingati sebagai Hari Kemenangan karena menandai kekalahan Angkatan Darat Pakistan pada Perang Kemerdekaan Bangladesh.","translated_text":"The day is commemorated as Victory Day as it marked the defeat of the Pakistan Army in the Bangladesh War of Independence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai Republik yang berdaulat, merdeka, dan bersatu, dan didirkan melalui perjuangan untuk kemerdekaan nasional, yang kelak dikenal sebagai Republik Rakyat Bangladesh.","translated_text":"The constitution declared Bangladesh to be a sovereign, independent, and united republic, and was born through the struggle for national independence, which came to be known as the People's Republic of Bangladesh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan nasionalisme, sekularitas, demokrasi dan sosialisme sebagai prisip pokok yang menetapkan Republik dan mendeklarasikan tujuan masyarakat yang menjamin bahwa warga negaranya memperoleh aturan hukum, hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan selain juga kesetaraan dan keadilan, politik, ekonomi dan sosial.","translated_text":"The constitution declared nationalism, secularism, democracy and socialism as the fundamental principles that established the Republic and declared the aims of society which guaranteed that its citizens gained the rule of law, human rights and freedoms as well as equality and justice, political, economic and social.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124641]","char_index":325,"name":null,"url":"http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124641","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.818573-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}]","char_index":325,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.850137-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":325,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:49.869516-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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Konstitusi Bangladesh menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai republik demokratis sekuler yang kekuasaanya dipegang oleh rakyat; dan meletakkan kerangka yang mentapkan prinsip-prinsip politik funfamental mengenai negara serta menguraikan hak-hak dasar warga negara.","translated_text":"The Constitution of Bangladesh or the State Law of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ Shongbidhan(বাংলাদেশের সংবিধান)) is the supreme law of Bangladesh. The Constitution of Bangladesh proclaims Bangladesh as a secular democratic republic whose power is held by the people; and lays down a framework that lays down the fundamental political principles concerning the country as well as outlines the basic rights of its citizens.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2012-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093349/http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":276,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1091,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.005652-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (4 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2012-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093349/http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":276,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120305093349/http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=175271&hb=4","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.748280-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hari itu diperingati sebagai Hari Kemenangan karena menandai kekalahan Angkatan Darat Pakistan pada Perang Kemerdekaan Bangladesh. Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan Bangladesh sebagai Republik yang berdaulat, merdeka, dan bersatu, dan didirkan melalui perjuangan untuk kemerdekaan nasional, yang kelak dikenal sebagai Republik Rakyat Bangladesh. Konstitusi tersebut menyatakan nasionalisme, sekularitas, demokrasi dan sosialisme sebagai prisip pokok yang menetapkan Republik dan mendeklarasikan tujuan masyarakat yang menjamin bahwa warga negaranya memperoleh aturan hukum, hak asasi manusia dan kebebasan selain juga kesetaraan dan keadilan, politik, ekonomi dan sosial.","translated_text":"The day is commemorated as Victory Day as it marked the defeat of the Pakistan Army in the Bangladesh War of Independence. The constitution declared Bangladesh to be a sovereign, independent, and united republic, and was born through the struggle for national independence, which came to be known as the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The constitution declared nationalism, secularism, democracy and socialism as the fundamental principles that established the Republic and declared the aims of society which guaranteed that its citizens gained the rule of law, human rights and freedoms as well as equality and justice, political, economic and social.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124641]","char_index":668,"name":null,"url":"http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124641","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:41.818573-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124640]","char_index":668,"name":null,"url":"http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=124640","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:42.826400-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":668,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:43.850137-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":668,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:49.869516-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Teks lengkap konstitusi Bangladesh","translated_text":"Full text of the constitution Bangladesh","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/ |date=2009-09-06 }}","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090906224702/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:49.869516-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Templat:Triad Yunani","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Grup Dewa Yunani]]","hash":"8ee19344dd26f0f757e954c20f99dc2f777171021609eeea9217c9d3148c54a4","last_revision":"2010-10-26T15:38:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T15:38:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.361617","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Grup Dewa Yunani\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Grup Dewa Yunani","translated_text":"Template:Group of the Greek Gods","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Windows Essentials","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n|name = Windows Essentials\n|logo = [[Berkas:Windows Essentials logo.svg|250px]]\n|screenshot = [[Berkas:Windows Live Essentials Installer.png|300px]]\n|caption = Penginstal Windows Essentials\n|developer = [[Microsoft]]\n|released = {{Start date and age|2006}}\n|latest_release_version = 2012 (Build 16.4.3505.0912)\n|latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|2012|10|02}}\n|operating_system = {{Plainlist|\n*[[Windows XP]]\n*[[Windows Vista]]\n*[[Windows 7]]\n*[[Windows 8]]\n*[[Windows Server 2008]] SP2\n*[[Windows Server 2008 R2]]\n*[[Windows Server 2012]]\n}}\n|genre = [[Paket perangkat lunak]]\n|license = [[Perangkat lunak gratis|Gratis]]\n|website = {{URL|https://support.microsoft.com/help/18614/windows-essentials}}\n}}\n\n'''Windows Essentials''' (sebelumnya ''Windows Live Essentials'' dan ''Windows Live Installer'') adalah paket aplikasi [[perangkat lunak gratis]] dari [[Microsoft]] yang menawarkan layanan [[Surat elektronik|surel]], [[pesan instan]], berbagi foto, penerbitan [[blog]], dan keamanan yang terintegrasi. Program-program Essentials dirancang untuk mudah terintegrasi satu sama lain, dengan [[Microsoft Windows]], dan dengan layanan [[World Wide Web|berbasis web]] Microsoft lain seperti [[SkyDrive]] (sekarang [[OneDrive]]) dan [[Outlook]], sehingga semuanya bisa beroperasi dengan \"mulus”.[{{Cite web |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |date=5 August 2006 |url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,1995,2008695,00.asp?kc=MWRSS02129TX1K0000535 |title=Microsoft Seeks Testers for Windows Live Essentials |work=[[eWeek]]'s Microsoft Watch |publisher=[[Ziff Davis|Ziff Davis Enterprise]] |accessdate=April 20, 2012 |archive-date=2012-06-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630010844/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,1995,2008695,00.asp?kc=MWRSS02129TX1K0000535 |dead-url=yes }}][{{Cite web |url=http://www.winsupersite.com/live/wlwave3_explained_01.asp |work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows |title=Making Sense of Windows Live Wave 3, Part 1: How We Got Here |first=Paul |last=Thurrott |date=6 October 2010 |accessdate=April 20, 2012 |archive-date=2009-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002081339/http://www.winsupersite.com/live/wlwave3_explained_01.asp |dead-url=yes }}]\n\n== Aplikasi ==\nWindows Essentials 2012 mencakup aplikasi berikut:\n* [[Microsoft Family Safety]]\n* [[Microsoft Outlook Hotmail Connector]]\n* [[SkyDrive]] for Windows\n* [[Windows Mail]]\n* [[Windows Live Messenger]]\n* [[Windows Writer]]\n* [[Windows Movie Maker]]\n* [[Windows Live Photo Gallery|Windows Photo Gallery]]\n\nSoftware Windows Essentials dapat diinstal di [[Windows 7]], [[Windows 8]], [[Windows Server 2008]] SP2 atau [[Windows Server 2008 R2]]. Versi-versi sebelumnya juga tersedia di [[Windows XP]] dan [[Windows Vista]].\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|30em}}\n\n== Bacaan lanjutan ==\n{{Refbegin}}\n# {{cite web|title=How do I install Windows Live Essentials while offline? |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-live/essentials-install-offline-faq |work=Windows Essentials Help & How-to |publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=December 18, 2011}}\n{{Refend}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{Resmi|essentials.live.com}}\n\n{{Windows Live}}\n\n[[Kategori:Windows Live|Essentials]]\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]","hash":"ca24c8f854ad326504e5c9f0379985bf1e3a8f1b64dad8c7abdd920c0b46b89c","last_revision":"2023-12-13T00:49:26Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T15:39:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.415117","cross_lingual_links":{"bs":"Windows Essentials","cs":"Windows Essentials","de":"Windows Essentials","el":"Windows Essentials","en":"Windows Essentials","es":"Windows Essentials","fi":"Windows Essentials","fr":"Windows Essentials","hu":"Windows Essentials","it":"Windows Essentials","ja":"Windows Essentials","ko":"윈도우 필수 패키지","mr":"विंडोज इसेन्शिल्स","ms":"Windows Essentials","nl":"Windows Essentials","pt":"Windows Essentials","ru":"Основные компоненты Windows","simple":"Windows Live Essentials","sv":"Windows Essentials","tr":"Windows Temel Parçalar","uk":"Основи Windows","zh":"Windows程式集"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Windows Essentials (sebelumnya Windows Live Essentials dan Windows Live Installer) adalah paket aplikasi perangkat lunak gratis dari Microsoft yang menawarkan layanan surel, pesan instan, berbagi foto, penerbitan blog, dan keamanan yang terintegrasi. Program-program Essentials dirancang untuk mudah terintegrasi satu sama lain, dengan Microsoft Windows, dan dengan layanan berbasis web Microsoft lain seperti SkyDrive (sekarang OneDrive) dan Outlook, sehingga semuanya bisa beroperasi dengan \"mulus\".\n\nWindows Essentials 2012 mencakup aplikasi berikut: Microsoft Family Safety Microsoft Outlook Hotmail Connector SkyDrive for Windows Windows Mail Windows Live Messenger Windows Writer Windows Movie Maker Windows Photo Gallery\n\nSoftware Windows Essentials dapat diinstal di Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2008 SP2 atau Windows Server 2008 R2. Versi-versi sebelumnya juga tersedia di Windows XP dan Windows Vista.\n\nEssentials Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n|name = Windows Essentials\n|logo = [[Berkas:Windows Essentials logo.svg|250px]]\n|screenshot = [[Berkas:Windows Live Essentials Installer.png|300px]]\n|caption = Penginstal Windows Essentials\n|developer = [[Microsoft]]\n|released = {{Start date and age|2006}}\n|latest_release_version = 2012 (Build 16.4.3505.0912)\n|latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|2012|10|02}}\n|operating_system = {{Plainlist|\n*[[Windows XP]]\n*[[Windows Vista]]\n*[[Windows 7]]\n*[[Windows 8]]\n*[[Windows Server 2008]] SP2\n*[[Windows Server 2008 R2]]\n*[[Windows Server 2012]]\n}}\n|genre = [[Paket perangkat lunak]]\n|license = [[Perangkat lunak gratis|Gratis]]\n|website = {{URL|https://support.microsoft.com/help/18614/windows-essentials}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Essentials (sebelumnya Windows Live Essentials dan Windows Live Installer) adalah paket aplikasi perangkat lunak gratis dari Microsoft yang menawarkan layanan surel, pesan instan, berbagi foto, penerbitan blog, dan keamanan yang terintegrasi.","translated_text":"Windows Essentials (formerly Windows Live Essentials and Windows Live Installer) is a free software application package from Microsoft that offers integrated email, instant messaging, photo sharing, blog publishing, and security services.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Program-program Essentials dirancang untuk mudah terintegrasi satu sama lain, dengan Microsoft Windows, dan dengan layanan berbasis web Microsoft lain seperti SkyDrive (sekarang OneDrive) dan Outlook, sehingga semuanya bisa beroperasi dengan \"mulus\".","translated_text":"Essentials programs are designed to easily integrate with each other, with Microsoft Windows, and with other Microsoft web-based services such as SkyDrive (now OneDrive) and Outlook, so that everything can run smoothly.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |date=5 August 2006 |url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,1995,2008695,00.asp?kc=MWRSS02129TX1K0000535 |title=Microsoft Seeks Testers for Windows Live Essentials |work=[[eWeek]]'s Microsoft Watch |publisher=[[Ziff Davis|Ziff Davis Enterprise]] |accessdate=April 20, 2012 |archive-date=2012-06-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630010844/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,1995,2008695,00.asp?kc=MWRSS02129TX1K0000535 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":250,"name":null,"url":"http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,1995,2008695,00.asp?kc=MWRSS02129TX1K0000535","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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+{"title":"Kratos (mitologi)","wikicode":"{{untuk|kegunaan lainnya|Kratos (disambiguasi)}}\nDalam [[mitologi Yunani]], '''Kratos''' ({{lang-el|Κράτος}}) adalah dewa kekuatan.[[[Hesiodos]], ''Theogonia'' 383][[[Apollodoros]], ''Bibliotheka'' 1. 9] Dia adalah putra [[Pallas]] dan [[Stiks]]. Kratos bersaudara dengan [[Nike (mitologi)|Nike]] (kejayaan), [[Bia]] (\"tenaga\") dan [[Zelos]] (\"semangat\"). Mereka semua memiliki [[sayap]], dan merupakan kaki-tangan [[Zeus]].\n\nKetika [[Prometheus]] membuat marah Zeus, Kratos yang ditugaskan untuk merantai Prometheus di puncak gunung [[Kaukasus]] dengan rantai buatan [[Hefaistos]].[[[Aiskhilos]], ''Ikatan Prometheus'', 1]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Kratos.html Kratos di Theoi Project]\n* {{en}} [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0085,006:244&lang=original Aiskhilos, ''Penanggung Persembahan''. 244]\n* {{en}} [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aesch.+PB+12&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0010 Aiskhilos, ''Ikatan Prometheus''. 12]\n\n{{Mitologi Yunani (dewa)}}\n\n[[Kategori:Dewa personifikasi]]\n[[Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani]]\n[[Kategori:Penegak Zeus]]","hash":"9fd4e74480b9eacc1f6b40527bee663768101ab5cb763e375c6385fa7986cba6","last_revision":"2021-08-06T04:28:01Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T16:16:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.473730","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"كراتوس (أسطورة)","az":"Kratos (mifologiya)","be":"Кратас (міфалогія)","bg":"Кратос (бог)","bn":"ক্রাতুস","ca":"Cratos","cs":"Kratos","de":"Kratos","el":"Κράτος (μυθολογία)","en":"Kratos (mythology)","eo":"Krato (mitologio)","es":"Cratos (mitología)","eu":"Kratos","fa":"کراتوس","fi":"Kratos","fr":"Kratos (mythologie)","he":"קראטוס","hu":"Kratosz (mitológia)","hy":"Կրատոս","it":"Cratos","ja":"クラトス","ko":"크라토스","ku":"Kratos","lb":"Kratos","lt":"Kratosas","nl":"Kratos","pl":"Kratos","pt":"Cratos","ro":"Kratos","ru":"Кратос (мифология)","simple":"Kratos","sr":"Кратос","sv":"Kratos","th":"คราตอส","tr":"Kratos (mitoloji)","uk":"Кратос","vi":"Kratos (thần thoại)","zh":"克拉托斯"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Dalam mitologi Yunani, Kratos () adalah dewa kekuatan. Dia adalah putra Pallas dan Stiks. Kratos bersaudara dengan Nike (kejayaan), Bia (\"tenaga\") dan Zelos (\"semangat\"). Mereka semua memiliki sayap, dan merupakan kaki-tangan Zeus.\n\nKetika Prometheus membuat marah Zeus, Kratos yang ditugaskan untuk merantai Prometheus di puncak gunung Kaukasus dengan rantai buatan Hefaistos.\n\nKratos di Theoi Project Aiskhilos, Penanggung Persembahan. 244 Aiskhilos, Ikatan Prometheus. 12\n\nKategori:Dewa personifikasi Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani Kategori:Penegak Zeus\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam mitologi Yunani, Kratos () adalah dewa kekuatan.","translated_text":"In Greek mythology, Kratos () was the god of power.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[[Hesiodos]], ''Theogonia'' 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is related to Nike (wealth), Bia (\"strength\") and Zelos (\"spirit\").","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka semua memiliki sayap, dan merupakan kaki-tangan Zeus.","translated_text":"They all had wings, and they were the feet of Zeus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketika Prometheus membuat marah Zeus, Kratos yang ditugaskan untuk merantai Prometheus di puncak gunung Kaukasus dengan rantai buatan Hefaistos.","translated_text":"When Prometheus angered Zeus, Kratos was tasked with chaining Prometheus to the top of the Caucasus mountain with a chain made by Hephaistos.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[[Aiskhilos]], ''Ikatan Prometheus'', 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+{"title":"Berkas:Pilihlisensi.jpg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n|description = Tampilan layar Wikipedia. Menunjukkan bagaimana cara memilih lisensi. Hal ini sering dilupakan pengguna baru.\n|source = \n|date = \n|author = \n|permission = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{Tampilan-Wikipedia}}","hash":"aa7597b33b1932c07ccfd767102ff7fd0727d1a3b2325e9658c55dfdfffa20e9","last_revision":"2020-05-19T13:02:23Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T16:25:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.531727","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Sinterklas Hitam","wikicode":"{{periksaterjemahan|nl|Zwarte Sinterklaas}}\n[[Berkas:Arrivalrotterdam.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Orang Indo]] di atas kapal \"Castel Felice\" tiba di [[Rotterdam]] tahun 1958, menyusul peristiwa \"Sinterklas Hitam\"]]\n{{Sejarah Indonesia}}\n\"'''Sinterklas Hitam'''\", diterjemahkan dari bahasa Belanda '''''Zwarte Sinterklaas''''', adalah peristiwa yang terjadi pada tanggal [[5 Desember]] [[1957]], yaitu hari sebelum perayaan [[Sinterklas]]. Setelah sebulan penuh suasana anti-Belanda yang turut dikobarkan presiden [[Soekarno]], pada hari tersebut para warga Belanda dinyatakan \"berbahaya bagi negara\" dan diserukan untuk meninggalkan Indonesia. Perusahaan Belanda di[[nasionalisasi]]. Hampir 50.000 orang Belanda meninggalkan Indonesia pada bulan-bulan berikutnya. Hubungan ekonomi antara kedua negara putus. Pada [[17 Agustus]] [[1960]], hubungan diplomatis juga diputuskan.\n\n== Latar belakang ==\nLatar belakang peristiwa tersebut adalah keengganan Belanda meninggalkan [[Papua Barat]], ketidakpuasan [[Uni Indonesia Belanda]], serta kenyataan bahwa perekonomian masih dikendalikan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda. Keengganan Belanda untuk menyerahkan wilayah Papua Barat disebabkan karena kebijakan baru dalam pembangunan beretika pada koloninya, untuk mencoba menjadikan Papua Barat sebagai wilayah persemakmuran Belanda. Juga oleh karena kehadiran Belanda di Papua Barat. Pada tahun 1955 di Papua Barat, Bahasa Belanda dijadikan bahasa nasional dan wilayah Papua Barat diintegrasikan kedalam wilayah Kerajaan.\n\n== Gejolak dalam negeri ==\nPresiden Soekarno harus menghadapi segala macam gejolak setelah Belanda akhirnya mengakui [[Republik Indonesia Serikat]]. [[Keadaan darurat]] dinyatakan pada Maret 1957. Selanjutnya Presiden Soekarno mencanangkan [[Demokrasi Terpimpin]] dengan [[Kabinet Karya]]. Soekarno menggunakan konfrontasi dengan Belanda untuk menguatkan rasa persatuan Indonesia.\n\n\n\n== Referensi ==\n* {{Aut|[[Dick Blok|Blok, D.P.]] (red) ''et al''}} (1982): ''Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden'', deel 15, Fibula-Van Dishoeck, Haarlem, ISBN 9022838161, p. 437-438\n* {{Aut|Lindblad, J.T.}} (2002): [http://www.iisg.nl/research/ecgrowthlindblad.pdf ''The importance of indonesianisasi during the transition from the 1930s to the 1960s]\n\n{{Lembaran hitam Indonesia}}\n{{Bencana di Indonesia tahun 1950an}}\n{{sejarah-indo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Orde Lama]]\n[[Kategori:Indonesia dalam tahun 1957]]\n[[Kategori:Anti-Belanda]]\n[[Kategori:Anti-Eropa]]","hash":"076e45bc9694f475d316cf0d30d62a76bcaab9ea671576da0567f7535572a346","last_revision":"2023-06-08T11:41:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T16:40:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.592275","cross_lingual_links":{"nl":"Zwarte Sinterklaas"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"\"Sinterklas Hitam\", diterjemahkan dari bahasa Belanda Zwarte Sinterklaas, adalah peristiwa yang terjadi pada tanggal 5 Desember 1957, yaitu hari sebelum perayaan Sinterklas. Setelah sebulan penuh suasana anti-Belanda yang turut dikobarkan presiden Soekarno, pada hari tersebut para warga Belanda dinyatakan \"berbahaya bagi negara\" dan diserukan untuk meninggalkan Indonesia. Perusahaan Belanda dinasionalisasi. Hampir 50.000 orang Belanda meninggalkan Indonesia pada bulan-bulan berikutnya. Hubungan ekonomi antara kedua negara putus. Pada 17 Agustus 1960, hubungan diplomatis juga diputuskan.\n\nLatar belakang peristiwa tersebut adalah keengganan Belanda meninggalkan Papua Barat, ketidakpuasan Uni Indonesia Belanda, serta kenyataan bahwa perekonomian masih dikendalikan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda. Keengganan Belanda untuk menyerahkan wilayah Papua Barat disebabkan karena kebijakan baru dalam pembangunan beretika pada koloninya, untuk mencoba menjadikan Papua Barat sebagai wilayah persemakmuran Belanda. Juga oleh karena kehadiran Belanda di Papua Barat. Pada tahun 1955 di Papua Barat, Bahasa Belanda dijadikan bahasa nasional dan wilayah Papua Barat diintegrasikan kedalam wilayah Kerajaan.\n\nPresiden Soekarno harus menghadapi segala macam gejolak setelah Belanda akhirnya mengakui Republik Indonesia Serikat. Keadaan darurat dinyatakan pada Maret 1957. Selanjutnya Presiden Soekarno mencanangkan Demokrasi Terpimpin dengan Kabinet Karya. Soekarno menggunakan konfrontasi dengan Belanda untuk menguatkan rasa persatuan Indonesia.\n\n(1982): Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden, deel 15, Fibula-Van Dishoeck, Haarlem, ISBN 9022838161, p. 437-438 (2002): ''The importance of indonesianisasi during the transition from the 1930s to the 1960s\n\nKategori:Sejarah Indonesia Kategori:Orde Lama Kategori:Indonesia dalam tahun 1957 Kategori:Anti-Belanda Kategori:Anti-Eropa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"Sinterklas Hitam\", diterjemahkan dari bahasa Belanda Zwarte Sinterklaas, adalah peristiwa yang terjadi pada tanggal 5 Desember 1957, yaitu hari sebelum perayaan Sinterklas.","translated_text":"\"Black Sinterklaas\", translated from the Dutch Zwarte Sinterklaas, was an event that took place on December 5, 1957, the day before the Sinterklaas celebration.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah sebulan penuh suasana anti-Belanda yang turut dikobarkan presiden Soekarno, pada hari tersebut para warga Belanda dinyatakan \"berbahaya bagi negara\" dan diserukan untuk meninggalkan Indonesia.","translated_text":"After a month-long anti-Dutch atmosphere that included President Soekarno, the Dutch were declared \"dangerous to the country\" and called to leave Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan Belanda dinasionalisasi.","translated_text":"The Dutch company was nationalized.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hampir 50.000 orang Belanda meninggalkan Indonesia pada bulan-bulan berikutnya.","translated_text":"Nearly 50,000 Dutch people left Indonesia in the following months.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hubungan ekonomi antara kedua negara putus.","translated_text":"Economic relations between the two countries are broken.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 17 Agustus 1960, hubungan diplomatis juga diputuskan.","translated_text":"On August 17, 1960, diplomatic relations were also severed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Latar belakang","translated_text":"The background","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Latar belakang peristiwa tersebut adalah keengganan Belanda meninggalkan Papua Barat, ketidakpuasan Uni Indonesia Belanda, serta kenyataan bahwa perekonomian masih dikendalikan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan Belanda.","translated_text":"The background to the events was the Netherlands' reluctance to leave West Papua, the dissatisfaction of the Dutch Indonesian Union, as well as the fact that the economy was still controlled by Dutch companies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keengganan Belanda untuk menyerahkan wilayah Papua Barat disebabkan karena kebijakan baru dalam pembangunan beretika pada koloninya, untuk mencoba menjadikan Papua Barat sebagai wilayah persemakmuran Belanda.","translated_text":"The Dutch's reluctance to cede West Papua territory was due to a new policy in ethical development of their colonies, to try to make West Papua a territory of the Dutch commonwealth.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juga oleh karena kehadiran Belanda di Papua Barat.","translated_text":"Also because of the Dutch presence in West Papua.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1955 di Papua Barat, Bahasa Belanda dijadikan bahasa nasional dan wilayah Papua Barat diintegrasikan kedalam wilayah Kerajaan.","translated_text":"In 1955 in West Papua, Dutch was made the national language and the territory of West Papua was integrated into the territory of the Kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gejolak dalam negeri","translated_text":"Domestic turmoil","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Presiden Soekarno harus menghadapi segala macam gejolak setelah Belanda akhirnya mengakui Republik Indonesia Serikat.","translated_text":"President Soekarno had to face all kinds of turmoil after the Netherlands finally recognized the United Republic of Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keadaan darurat dinyatakan pada Maret 1957.","translated_text":"A state of emergency was declared in March 1957.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selanjutnya Presiden Soekarno mencanangkan Demokrasi Terpimpin dengan Kabinet Karya.","translated_text":"Subsequently, President Soekarno planned a Democracy Led with a Labour Cabinet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Soekarno menggunakan konfrontasi dengan Belanda untuk menguatkan rasa persatuan Indonesia.","translated_text":"Soekarno used the confrontation with the Dutch to strengthen the sense of unity of Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"(1982): Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden, deel 15, Fibula-Van Dishoeck, Haarlem, ISBN 9022838161, p. 437-438 (2002):","translated_text":"The following is an extract from the report of the European Parliament and of the Council.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"''The importance of indonesianisasi during the transition from the 1930s to the 1960s","translated_text":"'The importance of Indonesianization during the transition from the 1930s to the 1960s","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Sejarah Indonesia Kategori:Orde Lama Kategori:Indonesia dalam tahun 1957 Kategori:Anti-Belanda Kategori:Anti-Eropa","translated_text":"Category:History of Indonesia Category:Old Order Category:Indonesia in the year 1957 Category:Anti-Netherlands Category:Anti-Europe","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kepulauan Mentawai","wikicode":"'''Kepulauan Mentawai''' adalah gugusan pulau-pulau yang secara geografis terletak di [[Samudra Hindia]] dan secara administratif masuk ke dalam [[provinsi Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonesia]]. Kepulauan Mentawai berada di sisi barat provinsi Sumatra barat. [[Suku Mentawai|Penduduk asli Mentawai]] mempunyai kebudayaan yang berbeda dengan [[Suku Minang|penduduk Minangkabau]] karena tepisah oleh laut.\n\n[[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Barat Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai.svg|thumb|Lokasi gugusan kepulauan Mentawai di lepas pantai barat [[Sumatra]].]]\n\nKepulauan Mentawai mempunyai empat pulau besar, yakni:\n* [[Pulau Siberut]]\n* [[Pulau Sipora]]\n* [[Pulau Pagai Utara]]\n* [[Pulau Pagai Selatan]]\n* dan beberapa pulau-pulau kecil.\n\nDi wilayah laut Kepulauan Mentawai ada beberapa [[selat]], antara lain:\n* Selat Mentawai, yakni selat yang memisahkan [[Sumatra|Pulau Sumatra]] dengan Kepulauan Mentawai\n* Selat Siberut, yakni selat yang memisahkan [[Pulau Siberut]] dengan [[Pulau Sipora]]\n* Selat Sipora, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Sipora dengan [[Pulau Pagai Utara]]\n* Selat Sikakap, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Pagai Utara dan [[Pulau Pagai Selatan]]\n* Selat Sanding\n\nSejak tahun [[1999]], wilayah Kepulauan Mentawai dikukuhkan menjadi sebuah kabupaten bernama [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai]] dengan ibu kota di [[Tuapejat, Sipora Utara, Kepulauan Mentawai|Tuapejat]]. Sebelumnya, kepulauan ini berada pada wilayah administrasi [[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman]].\n{{indo-geo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kepulauan Mentawai| ]]\n[[Kategori:Kepulauan di Indonesia|Mentawai]]","hash":"6d3855af843dfdc27582dfcf5aaca38e8ea411f69ded2d7cfc179affe76bf1b8","last_revision":"2023-09-29T20:50:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T16:58:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.647842","cross_lingual_links":{"bew":"Kepuloan Mentawé","ceb":"Kepulauan Mentawai","sv":"Kepulauan Mentawai"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Kepulauan Mentawai adalah gugusan pulau-pulau yang secara geografis terletak di Samudra Hindia dan secara administratif masuk ke dalam provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Kepulauan Mentawai berada di sisi barat provinsi Sumatra barat. Penduduk asli Mentawai mempunyai kebudayaan yang berbeda dengan penduduk Minangkabau karena tepisah oleh laut.\n\nKepulauan Mentawai mempunyai empat pulau besar, yakni: Pulau Siberut Pulau Sipora Pulau Pagai Utara Pulau Pagai Selatan dan beberapa pulau-pulau kecil.\n\nDi wilayah laut Kepulauan Mentawai ada beberapa selat, antara lain: Selat Mentawai, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Sumatra dengan Kepulauan Mentawai Selat Siberut, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Siberut dengan Pulau Sipora Selat Sipora, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Sipora dengan Pulau Pagai Utara Selat Sikakap, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Pagai Utara dan Pulau Pagai Selatan Selat Sanding\n\nSejak tahun 1999, wilayah Kepulauan Mentawai dikukuhkan menjadi sebuah kabupaten bernama Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai dengan ibu kota di Tuapejat. Sebelumnya, kepulauan ini berada pada wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.\n\nKategori:Kepulauan Mentawai Mentawai\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kepulauan Mentawai adalah gugusan pulau-pulau yang secara geografis terletak di Samudra Hindia dan secara administratif masuk ke dalam provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Mentawai Islands are a group of islands located geographically in the Indian Ocean and administratively within the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kepulauan Mentawai berada di sisi barat provinsi Sumatra barat.","translated_text":"The Mentawai Islands are located on the western side of western Sumatra province.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penduduk asli Mentawai mempunyai kebudayaan yang berbeda dengan penduduk Minangkabau karena tepisah oleh laut.","translated_text":"The indigenous people of Mentawai have a different culture from the Minangkabau people because they are separated by the sea.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kepulauan Mentawai mempunyai empat pulau besar, yakni: Pulau Siberut Pulau Sipora Pulau Pagai Utara Pulau Pagai Selatan dan beberapa pulau-pulau kecil.","translated_text":"The Mentawai Islands have four major islands, namely: Siberut Island Sipora Island North Pagai Island South Pagai Island and several small islands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di wilayah laut Kepulauan Mentawai ada beberapa selat, antara lain: Selat Mentawai, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Sumatra dengan Kepulauan Mentawai Selat Siberut, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Siberut dengan Pulau Sipora Selat Sipora, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Sipora dengan Pulau Pagai Utara Selat Sikakap, yakni selat yang memisahkan Pulau Pagai Utara dan Pulau Pagai Selatan Selat Sanding","translated_text":"In the maritime region of the Mentawai Islands there are several straits, including: the Mentawai strait, which separates Sumatra Island from the Mentawai Islands of the Siberut strait, which separates Siberut Island from Sipora Island of the Sipora strait, which separates Sipora Island from North Pagai Island of the Sikakap strait, which separates North Pagai Island and South Pagai Island of the Sanding strait","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak tahun 1999, wilayah Kepulauan Mentawai dikukuhkan menjadi sebuah kabupaten bernama Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai dengan ibu kota di Tuapejat.","translated_text":"Since 1999, the territory of the Mentawai Islands has been consolidated into a county named Mentawai Islands County with the capital at Tuapejat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelumnya, kepulauan ini berada pada wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.","translated_text":"Previously, the islands were under the administration of Padang Pariaman County.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kepulauan Mentawai Mentawai","translated_text":"♪ The islands are funny ♪","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Persibas Banyumas big.jpg","wikicode":"{{Information\n|description = Logo 2010 Persibas_Banyumas\n{{logo}}\n|source = \n|date = \n|location = \n|author = \n|permission = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n[[Kategori:Klub sepak bola di Jawa Tengah]]\n\n[[en:File:Persibas Banyumas.jpg]]","hash":"30bbe53c2c40e21e93c04f70cfe73d269e2f6bac4b64dddd7b50b3424ba2695d","last_revision":"2023-11-09T03:05:23Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T18:46:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.704384","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"File:Persibas Banyumas.jpg"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Kategori:Klub sepak bola di Jawa Tengah\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Klub sepak bola di Jawa Tengah","translated_text":"Football clubs in Central Java","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Metroseksual","wikicode":"[[Berkas:William Rast fashion show for New York Fashion Week.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|Industri [[fashion]] pria dan budaya konsumerisme sangat terkait dengan konsep pria metroseksual.]]\n'''Metroseksual''' adalah sebuah istilah baru, sebuah kata majemuk yang berasal dari paduan dua istilah: ''[[metropolitan]]'' dan ''[[heteroseksual]]''. Istilah ini dipopulerkan pada tahun 1994 untuk merujuk kepada [[pria]] (khususnya yang hidup pada masyarakat post-industri, dengan budaya [[kapitalis]]).\n\n== Asal mula ==\nIstilah ini dipelopori oleh artikel yang ditulis oleh seorang wartawan bernama Mark Simpson.[{{Cite web |url=http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |title=Marksimpson.com 'Here come the mirror men' by Mark Simpson - first usage of the word 'metrosexual' |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2007-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |dead-url=yes }}] Artikelnya diterbitkan pada tanggal 15 November 1994, di harian ''The Independent''. Simpson menulis:\n\n{{cquote|Pria Metroseksual, pria lajang belia dengan pendapatan berlebih, hidup dan bekerja di kawasan perkotaan (karena disitulah toko-toko terbaik tersedia), mungkin adalah pasar produk konsumen yang paling menjanjikan pada dekade ini. Pada dekade 80-an pria seperti ini hanya dapat ditemukan di dalam majalah fashion seperti ''[[GQ]]'', dalam iklan televisi jeans [[Levi's]] atau dalam bar gay. Pada dekade 90-an ia ada di mana-mana dan ia gemar berbelanja.}}\n
\nIstilah ini semakin populer dengan munculnya artikel Simpson's Salon.com pada tahun 2002 \"Meet the metrosexual\", yang mendaulat [[David Beckham]] sebagai ''poster boy'' (model) pria metroseksual. Biro iklan Euro RCSG sedunia mengadopsi istilah ini sebagai studi [[pemasaran]], serta ''[[New York Times]]'' menerbitkan tulisan ficer Minggunya, \"Metroseksuals Come Out\"; tulisan ini menyebar ke seluruh Amerika Utara dan semakin memopulerkan istilah ini.\n\nDefinisi oleh Simpson's Salon.com lebih memiliki nuansa daripada pengertian umum istilah ini.\n\n{{cquote|Ciri khas metroseksual adalah pria muda yang memiliki uang untuk dibelanjakan, hidup dekat atau di metropolis - karena disanalah terletak toko, klub, pusat kebugaran, dan penata rambut terbaik. Ia bisa saja seorang gay, heteroseksual, atau biseksual, akan tetapi ini hanyalah imaterial belaka, karena nyatanya ia lebih mencintai dirinya sebagai objek cinta, kenikmatan, dan pilihan seksualnya. Profesi tertentu seperti model, pelayan restoran, media, industri musik, dan olahraga tampaknya menarik bagi kaum ini, akan tetapi sesungguhnya seperti herpes, produk gengsi (atau produk kegenitan) untuk pria ada di mana-mana.\n\nSetelah sekian lama, heteroseksualitas yang tidak berpelembab, tertindas, kuno dan (re)produktif; kini telah diberi slip merah jambu oleh kapitalisme. Pria kokoh yang penuh penyangkalan diri, sederhana dan rendah hati, jarang berbelanja untuk dirinya sendiri (peran utamanya adalah mencari nafkah dan mendapat uang untuk dibelanjakan istrinya), kini digantikan oleh pria baru, seseorang yang kurang yakin dengan identitasnya dan lebih tertarik pada citra dirinya sendiri - hal ini untuk menyatakan, seseorang yang ingin dilihat dan diperhatikan (karena dengan demikian anda baru yakin bahwa anda itu ada). Seorang pria, dengan kata lain, yang menjadi impian bagi para pengiklan.[Simpson, Mark. (July 22, 2002). Meet the metrosexual. Salon.]}}\n
\n\n== Gaya hidup ==\nDalam perkembangannya, konsep metroseksual mengarah kepada gaya hidup pria perkotaan modern yang berpenghasilan lebih dan sangat peduli kepada penampilan dan citra dirinya. Gaya hidup ini berkait erat dengan konsumerisme, kapitalisme dan bahkan dengan perilaku [[narsisme]]. Pria metroseksual menaruh perhatian lebih kepada penampilan, ia cenderung memiliki kepekaan mode dan memilih pakaian berkualitas atau bermerek, serta memiliki kebiasan merawat diri (''grooming'') atau kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang dahulu lazim dikaitkan dengan kaum perempuan. Misalnya menyukai [[kosmetik]] untuk pria, pergi ke salon atau spa, atau melakukan perawatan tubuh seperti perawatan rambut, kuku dan kulit. Karena merupakan pasar potensial bagi berbagai produk yang dikhususkan bagi kaum pria, konsep metroseksual menjadi penting dalam industri fashion dan kosmetik pria, serta dunia pemasaran dan periklanan.\n\n== Catatan kaki ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n* O'Reilly, Ann; Matathia, Ira; Salzman, Marian (2005). ''The Future of Men'', Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6882-9.\n\n[[Kategori:Budaya pop]]\n[[Kategori:Stereotipe pria]]","hash":"aeebce52dbf0fc710d59d012cca3b474d5d5d67b1b65504036e69e446ef94c53","last_revision":"2023-12-28T08:45:08Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T21:19:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.759620","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"غندور المدينة","ast":"Metrosexual","az":"Metroseksual","bcl":"Metrosekswal","be":"Метрасексуал","be-x-old":"Мэтрасэксуал","bg":"Метросексуалност","bn":"মেট্রোসেক্সুয়াল","ca":"Metrosexualitat","cs":"Metrosexuál","da":"Metroseksualitet","de":"Metrosexualität","el":"Μετροσέξουαλ","en":"Metrosexual","eo":"Metroseksemo","es":"Metrosexual","et":"Metroseksuaal","eu":"Metrosexual","fa":"متروسکشوال","fi":"Metroseksuaali","fo":"Metroseksualitetur","fr":"Métrosexuel","he":"מטרוסקסואל","hu":"Metroszexualitás","hy":"Մետրոսեքսուալ","it":"Metrosessualità","ja":"メトロセクシャル","ko":"메트로섹슈얼","ml":"മെട്രോസെക്ഷ്വൽ","nl":"Metroseksueel","nb":"Metroseksuell","pl":"Metroseksualizm","pt":"Metrossexual","ro":"Metrosexualitate","ru":"Метросексуал","simple":"Metrosexual","sk":"Metrosexuál","sq":"Metroseksual","sr":"Метросексуалац","sv":"Metrosexualitet","th":"เมโทรเซ็กชวล","tl":"Metroseksuwal","tr":"Metroseksüel","uk":"Метросексуал","vi":"Trai phố","zh":"都会美型男"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Metroseksual adalah sebuah istilah baru, sebuah kata majemuk yang berasal dari paduan dua istilah: metropolitan dan heteroseksual. Istilah ini dipopulerkan pada tahun 1994 untuk merujuk kepada pria (khususnya yang hidup pada masyarakat post-industri, dengan budaya kapitalis).\n\nIstilah ini dipelopori oleh artikel yang ditulis oleh seorang wartawan bernama Mark Simpson. Artikelnya diterbitkan pada tanggal 15 November 1994, di harian The Independent. Simpson menulis:\n\nIstilah ini semakin populer dengan munculnya artikel Simpson's Salon.com pada tahun 2002 \"Meet the metrosexual\", yang mendaulat David Beckham sebagai poster boy (model) pria metroseksual. Biro iklan Euro RCSG sedunia mengadopsi istilah ini sebagai studi pemasaran, serta New York Times menerbitkan tulisan ficer Minggunya, \"Metroseksuals Come Out\"; tulisan ini menyebar ke seluruh Amerika Utara dan semakin memopulerkan istilah ini.\n\nDefinisi oleh Simpson's Salon.com lebih memiliki nuansa daripada pengertian umum istilah ini.\n\nDalam perkembangannya, konsep metroseksual mengarah kepada gaya hidup pria perkotaan modern yang berpenghasilan lebih dan sangat peduli kepada penampilan dan citra dirinya. Gaya hidup ini berkait erat dengan konsumerisme, kapitalisme dan bahkan dengan perilaku narsisme. Pria metroseksual menaruh perhatian lebih kepada penampilan, ia cenderung memiliki kepekaan mode dan memilih pakaian berkualitas atau bermerek, serta memiliki kebiasan merawat diri (grooming) atau kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang dahulu lazim dikaitkan dengan kaum perempuan. Misalnya menyukai kosmetik untuk pria, pergi ke salon atau spa, atau melakukan perawatan tubuh seperti perawatan rambut, kuku dan kulit. Karena merupakan pasar potensial bagi berbagai produk yang dikhususkan bagi kaum pria, konsep metroseksual menjadi penting dalam industri fashion dan kosmetik pria, serta dunia pemasaran dan periklanan.\n\nO'Reilly, Ann; Matathia, Ira; Salzman, Marian (2005). The Future of Men, Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6882-9.\n\nKategori:Budaya pop Kategori:Stereotipe pria\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metroseksual adalah sebuah istilah baru, sebuah kata majemuk yang berasal dari paduan dua istilah: metropolitan dan heteroseksual.","translated_text":"Metrosexual is a new term, a compound word derived from a mixture of two terms: metropolitan and heterosexual.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah ini dipopulerkan pada tahun 1994 untuk merujuk kepada pria (khususnya yang hidup pada masyarakat post-industri, dengan budaya kapitalis).","translated_text":"The term was popularized in 1994 to refer to men (especially those living in post-industrial society, with a capitalist culture).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Asal mula","translated_text":"The origin","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Istilah ini dipelopori oleh artikel yang ditulis oleh seorang wartawan bernama Mark Simpson.","translated_text":"The term was pioneered by an article written by a journalist named Mark Simpson.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |title=Marksimpson.com 'Here come the mirror men' by Mark Simpson - first usage of the word 'metrosexual' |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2007-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:52.505026-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |title=Marksimpson.com 'Here come the mirror men' by Mark Simpson - first usage of the word 'metrosexual' |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2007-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:02.536331-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Artikelnya diterbitkan pada tanggal 15 November 1994, di harian The Independent.","translated_text":"His article was published on November 15, 1994, in The Independent.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Simpson menulis:","translated_text":"Simpson wrote:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Istilah ini semakin populer dengan munculnya artikel Simpson's Salon.com pada tahun 2002 \"Meet the metrosexual\", yang mendaulat David Beckham sebagai poster boy (model) pria metroseksual.","translated_text":"The term became increasingly popular with the appearance of Simpson's Salon.com article in 2002 \"Meet the metrosexual\", which portrayed David Beckham as a poster boy (model) of a metrosexual man.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biro iklan Euro RCSG sedunia mengadopsi istilah ini sebagai studi pemasaran, serta New York Times menerbitkan tulisan ficer Minggunya, \"Metroseksuals Come Out\"; tulisan ini menyebar ke seluruh Amerika Utara dan semakin memopulerkan istilah ini.","translated_text":"The worldwide advertising bureau Euro RCSG adopted the term as a marketing study, and the New York Times published its weekly ficer article, \"Metroseksuals Come Out\"; the article spread throughout North America and increasingly popularized the term.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Definisi oleh Simpson's Salon.com lebih memiliki nuansa daripada pengertian umum istilah ini.","translated_text":"The definition by Simpson's Salon.com is more nuanced than the general sense of the term.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gaya hidup","translated_text":"Lifestyle","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam perkembangannya, konsep metroseksual mengarah kepada gaya hidup pria perkotaan modern yang berpenghasilan lebih dan sangat peduli kepada penampilan dan citra dirinya.","translated_text":"In its development, the concept of metrosexual led to the lifestyle of a modern urban man who earned more and cared deeply about his appearance and image.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gaya hidup ini berkait erat dengan konsumerisme, kapitalisme dan bahkan dengan perilaku narsisme.","translated_text":"This lifestyle is closely linked to consumerism, capitalism and even narcissistic behavior.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pria metroseksual menaruh perhatian lebih kepada penampilan, ia cenderung memiliki kepekaan mode dan memilih pakaian berkualitas atau bermerek, serta memiliki kebiasan merawat diri (grooming) atau kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang dahulu lazim dikaitkan dengan kaum perempuan.","translated_text":"Metro-sexual men put more emphasis on appearance, tend to have fashion sensitivities and choose quality or branded clothing, and have a habit of grooming or habits that were once commonly associated with women.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Misalnya menyukai kosmetik untuk pria, pergi ke salon atau spa, atau melakukan perawatan tubuh seperti perawatan rambut, kuku dan kulit.","translated_text":"For example, you might like cosmetics for men, go to a salon or spa, or do body treatments such as hair, nails, and skin care.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena merupakan pasar potensial bagi berbagai produk yang dikhususkan bagi kaum pria, konsep metroseksual menjadi penting dalam industri fashion dan kosmetik pria, serta dunia pemasaran dan periklanan.","translated_text":"As a potential market for a range of products aimed at men, the concept of metrosexual became important in the men's fashion and cosmetics industries, as well as the worlds of marketing and advertising.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"O'Reilly, Ann; Matathia, Ira; Salzman, Marian (2005).","translated_text":"O'Reilly, Ann; Matathia, Ira; Salzman, Marian (2005) is also a writer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Future of Men, Palgrave Macmillan.","translated_text":"The Future of Men, by Palgrave Macmillan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"ISBN 1-4039-6882-9.","translated_text":"The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with the opinion of the European Parliament and of the Council.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Budaya pop Kategori:Stereotipe pria","translated_text":"Pop culture is male stereotyping","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Istilah ini dipelopori oleh artikel yang ditulis oleh seorang wartawan bernama Mark Simpson.","translated_text":"The term was pioneered by an article written by a journalist named Mark Simpson.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |title=Marksimpson.com 'Here come the mirror men' by Mark Simpson - first usage of the word 'metrosexual' |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2007-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:31:52.505026-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |title=Marksimpson.com 'Here come the mirror men' by Mark Simpson - first usage of the word 'metrosexual' |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2007-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070119202843/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/journalism/mirror_men.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:02.536331-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Templat:Country data Cocos (Keeling) Islands","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Country data Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)]]","hash":"267dadaa29fd9159be96f011b028e4df44ce3c4c206070d75b5256cc694af2c0","last_revision":"2010-10-26T22:55:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T22:55:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.813025","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Country data Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Country data Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)","translated_text":"Template:Country data Islands of the Cocos (Keeling)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Country data Norfolk Island","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Country data Pulau Norfolk]]","hash":"09cbe789e6aa39069a0e8a9bbbd6c910adbcfe377e16bf21391b626ee0c288a8","last_revision":"2010-10-26T22:56:01Z","first_revision":"2010-10-26T22:56:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.871800","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Country data Pulau Norfolk\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Country data Pulau Norfolk","translated_text":"Template:Country data Norfolk Island","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Mbah marijan","wikicode":"#alih[[Mbah Maridjan]]","hash":"0d3953a10b67f4ee49e8ecd4395b18116a5178f9ed8bb2959ad90530634a1641","last_revision":"2010-10-27T03:02:06Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T03:02:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.936249","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"alihMbah Maridjan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"alihMbah Maridjan","translated_text":"I'm going to Maridjan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Xian MA60","wikicode":"{{infobox Aircraft\n |logo = \n |name = MA60\n |image = File:Merpati Xian MA-60 Spijkers.jpg\n |caption = Xian MA60 milik [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]\n |type = [[Pesawat penumpang regional]]\n |manufacturer = [[Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation]]\n |designer=\n |first flight = February 25, 2000[[http://mil.news.sohu.com/20090816/n265994813.shtml 国产MA60（新舟60）飞机介绍] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829031312/http://mil.news.sohu.com/20090816/n265994813.shtml |date=2010-08-29 }}，搜狐军事频道，August 16, 2009]\n |introduction = 2000\n |status = Aktif\n |primary user = [[China]]\n |more users = \n |produced = 2000 - sekarang\n |number built = 41 (April 2010)\n |unit cost = $12.5 million (2006) [{{Cite web |url=http://www.czechaerospace.cz/newsarchive.php |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718170831/http://www.czechaerospace.cz/newsarchive.php |dead-url=yes }}]\n |developed from = [[Xian Y-7]]\n |variants with their own articles = [[Xian MA600]]\n}}\n[[Berkas:LaoAirlines MA60 Exterior.JPG|jmpl|300px|Xian MA60 milik [[Lao Airlines]]]]\n'''Xian MA60''' (新舟60, ''Xīnzhōu 60'', \"'''M'''odern '''A'''rk 60\") adalah pesawat penumpang [[turboprop|bermesin turboprop]] yang dibuat oleh perusahaan Tiongkok [[Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation]] di bawah [[AVIC I|China Aviation Industry Corporation I]] (AVIC I). MA60 adalah versi perpanjangan dari [[Xian Y-7|Xian Y7-200A]].[http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm |date=2009-02-23 }} \"MA60 is derived from Y7-200A by the application of better performance engine, state-of-the-art avionics package and new maintenance methodology.\"]\n\nPesawat [[turboprop|bermesin turboprop]] ini menerima sertifikasi tipe dari Administrasi Penerbangan Sipil China pada bulan Juni 2000. Pesawat pertama dikirim ke [[Sichuan Airlines]] bulan Agustus 2000.[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2008-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |dead-url=yes }}]\n\nPada [[Oktober 2006]], XAC telah menerina lebih dari 90 pesanan MA60. Perusahaan telah mengirim 23 MA60 pada akhir tahun [[2006]], dan diperkirakan mengirimkan tambahan 165 unit pada akhir tahun [[2016]].[[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]], 29 October 2007 issue, p. 66, ''Commercial Transport Update'']\n\n== Varian ==\n\n* '''Xian MA60-100''': Mengurangi berat meningkatkan performa.[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. ISBN 9 781902 109046]\n* '''Xian MA60-MPA Fearless Albatross''': Varian patroli maritim dan anti kapal selam yang ditawarkan saat Airshow China 2002.[\n* '''Xian MA40''': Menguragi kapasitas jadi 40 kursi yang mulai dijual pada tahun 2002.][\n* '''Xian MA60H-500''': Versi kargo militer dari MA-60, dengan pintu kargo belakang.][\n* '''[[Xian MA600]]''': Versi pengembangan dari MA60, prototip terbang pada 29 Juni 2008.][\n\n== Insiden dan Kecelakaan ==\n* Pada 11 Januari 2009, Zest Airways Penerbangan 865, Xian MA60 dengan 22 penumpang dan 33 awak, mengalami ''undershot'' di [[landasan pacu]] 06 ketika mendarat di [[Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos]], membelok tajam ke kiri saat menyentuh landasan pacu setelah benturan sebelumnya dan menabrak tembok beton dan merusak hidung pesawat. Roda pendarat dan baling-baling pesawat mengalami kerusakan parah. Tiga orang terluka. Tidak ada korban jiwa.][{{Citation\n|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090111-0&lang=en\n|title=Accident\n|publisher=Aviation Safety Network\n}}]\n* Pada 25 Juni 2009, [[Zest Airways]] Penerbangan 863, Xian MA60 dengan 54 penumpang dan lima awak pesawat, mengalami ''overshot'' saat mendarat di Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos. Tidak ada korban luka.[{{Citation\n|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090625-0\n|title=Accident description\n|publisher=Aviation Safety Network\n}}]\n* Pada 3 November 2009, Xian MA60 UM-239 milik [[Air Zimbabwe]] menabrak lima [[babi hutan]] saat lepas landas dari [[Bandar Udara Internasional Harare]]. Proses lepas landas berhasil dihentikan namun bagian lambung bawah rusak, menyebabkan kerusakan serius pada pesawat.[{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/asian-skies/2009/11/can-pigs-fly-in-zimbabwe-it-se.html |title=Can pigs fly? In Zimbabwe, it seems they try to |publisher=Flight Global |accessdate=7 November 2009}}][{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/World/Story/STIStory_450666.html |title=Plane smashes into wild pigs |publisher=Straits Times |accessdate=7 November 2009}}]\n* Pada 7 Mei 2011, Xian MA60X milik [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]] jatuh ke laut saat akan mendarat di [[Bandar Udara Utarom]], [[Kabupaten Kaimana|Kaimana]], [[Papua Barat]]. Seluruh penumpang dan awak yang berjumlah 27 orang tewas.[{{Cite news|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/05/07/1415026/Merpati.Jatuh.ke.Laut.27.Orang.Tewas |title=Merpati Jatuh ke Laut, 27 Orang Tewas |publisher=Kompas |acessdate=7 Mei 2011|editor-last=Latief |work=[[Kompas.com]] }}]\n\n== Operator ==\nPada April 2010, 30 MA60 sudah beroperasi dan 10 disimpan:[http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php][http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php]\n\n[[Berkas:Zest Airways MA60.jpg|jmpl|[[Zest Airways]] MA60]]\n[[Berkas:LaoAirlines MA60 Frontal.JPG|jmpl|[[Lao Airlines]] MA60]]\n[[Berkas:西安MA-60.jpg|jmpl|[[Transporte Aéreo Militar]] MA60]]\n[[Berkas:MA60 from Joy Air.jpg|jmpl|Model dari MA60 dengan corak [[Joy Air]]]]\n\n; {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivia]]\n* [[TAM - Transporte Aéreo Militar]] - 2 dalam layanan\n; {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Ekuador]]\n* [[Angkatan Udara Ekuador]] sedang bernegosiasi untuk 4 MA60 (Agustus 2009)\n; {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n* [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]] - 13 dalam layanan, 2 pesanan\n; {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Laos]]\n* [[Lao Airlines]] - 4 dalam layanan\n; {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]]\n* [[Myanmar Airways]] - 3 dalam layanan\n; {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]\n* [[Nepal Airlines]] - 2 pesanan\n; {{flag icon|People's Republic of China}} [[China]]\n* [[Civil Aviation Flight University of China]]\n* [[China United Airlines]] - 1 dalam layanan, 1 disimpan\n* [[Okay Airways]] - 2 dalam layanan, 8 pesanan[http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/okay-airways-continues-fleet-expansion-0811]\n* [[Joy Air]] (Xingfu Airlines) - 5 dalam layanan, 45 pesanan\n* [[Sichuan Airlines]] - 2 disimpan\n* [[Wuhan Airlines]] - 3 disimpan\n* [[YingAn Airlines]] - 1 dalam layanan\n; {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Filipina]]\n* [[Zest Airways]] - 4 dalam layanan, 1 rusak parah akibat kecelakaan, 6 tambahan MA60 dipesan pada 30 Mei 2009)\n; {{flagicon|Congo}} [[Republik Kongo]]\n* Air Congo Int'l - 3 dalam layanan\n; {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]]\n* [[Angkatan Udara Sri Lanka]] - 4 MA60 dipesan (Maret 2010)[[http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203191135/http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html|date=2010-12-03}} Transport aircraft sales, China Economic Review, 2010-03-09]\n* [[Mihin Lanka]] - 2 MA60 dipesan (March 2010)[Jackson 2003, p. 95.]\n\n|crew=2\n|capacity=60 penumpang\n|length main=24.71 m\n|length alt=81 ft 0¾ in\n|span main=29.20 m\n|span alt=95 ft 9½ in\n|height main=8.86 m\n|height alt=29 ft 0½ in\n|area main=75.0 m²\n|area alt=807 ft² \n|empty weight main=13,700 kg\n|empty weight alt=30,203 lb\n|max takeoff weight main=21,800 kg\n|max takeoff weight alt=48,060 lb\n|engine (prop)=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127]]J\n|type of prop=[[Turboprop]]\n|number of props=2\n|power main= 2,051 kW\n|power alt= 2,750 shp \n|max speed main= 514 km/h\n|max speed alt= 278 knots, 319 mph\n|cruise speed main=430 km/h\n|cruise speed alt=232 knots, 267 mph\n|cruise speed more=(econ cruise speed)\n|range main= 1,600 km \n|range alt= 864 nmi, 994 mi \n|ceiling main=7,620 m\n|ceiling alt=25,000 ft\n|climb rate main= \n|climb rate alt= \n|loading main= \n|loading alt= \n|power/mass main= \n|power/mass alt= \n}}\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n* Jackson, Paul. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004''. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|Xian MA60}}\n* [http://www.ma60.com/ MA60 Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211094856/http://www.ma60.com/ |date=2006-12-11 }}\n* [http://en-1.ce.cn/Industries/Aerospare/200412/21/t20041221_2625991.shtml China Economic net article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312071109/http://en-1.ce.cn/Industries/Aerospare/200412/21/t20041221_2625991.shtml |date=2007-03-12 }}\n* [http://english.people.com.cn/english/200003/13/eng20000313T111.html People's Daily description]\n\n[[Kategori:Pesawat Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]]\n[[Kategori:Pesawat terbang bermesin turboprop]]","hash":"a953a0a10090848236291ecdc1822962ce76350312bb4ec4f81c19bd6c3814d5","last_revision":"2024-04-08T10:09:53Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T03:12:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:41.991501","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Xian MA60","ar":"شيآن إم إيه 60","de":"Xi’an MA60","en":"Xi'an MA60","es":"Xian MA60","fa":"شیان امای۶۰","fi":"Xi’an MA60","fr":"Xian MA60","it":"Xian MA60","ja":"MA60 (航空機)","km":"Xian MA60","lt":"Xian MA60","my":"အမ်အေ-၆၀ (လေယာဉ်)","nl":"Xian MA60","pl":"Xi’an MA60","pt":"Xian MA60","ru":"Xian MA60","sl":"Šjan MA60","tg":"Сиан МА60","tr":"Xian MA60","vi":"Xian MA60","zh":"新舟60"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Xian MA60 (新舟60, Xīnzhōu 60, \"Modern Ark 60\") adalah pesawat penumpang bermesin turboprop yang dibuat oleh perusahaan Tiongkok Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation di bawah China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I). MA60 adalah versi perpanjangan dari Xian Y7-200A.\n\nPesawat bermesin turboprop ini menerima sertifikasi tipe dari Administrasi Penerbangan Sipil China pada bulan Juni 2000. Pesawat pertama dikirim ke Sichuan Airlines bulan Agustus 2000.\n\nPada Oktober 2006, XAC telah menerina lebih dari 90 pesanan MA60. Perusahaan telah mengirim 23 MA60 pada akhir tahun 2006, dan diperkirakan mengirimkan tambahan 165 unit pada akhir tahun 2016.\n\nXian MA60-100: Mengurangi berat meningkatkan performa. Xian MA60-MPA Fearless Albatross: Varian patroli maritim dan anti kapal selam yang ditawarkan saat Airshow China 2002. Xian MA40: Menguragi kapasitas jadi 40 kursi yang mulai dijual pada tahun 2002. Xian MA60H-500: Versi kargo militer dari MA-60, dengan pintu kargo belakang. Xian MA600: Versi pengembangan dari MA60, prototip terbang pada 29 Juni 2008.\n\nPada 11 Januari 2009, Zest Airways Penerbangan 865, Xian MA60 dengan 22 penumpang dan 33 awak, mengalami undershot di landasan pacu 06 ketika mendarat di Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos, membelok tajam ke kiri saat menyentuh landasan pacu setelah benturan sebelumnya dan menabrak tembok beton dan merusak hidung pesawat. Roda pendarat dan baling-baling pesawat mengalami kerusakan parah. Tiga orang terluka. Tidak ada korban jiwa. Pada 25 Juni 2009, Zest Airways Penerbangan 863, Xian MA60 dengan 54 penumpang dan lima awak pesawat, mengalami overshot saat mendarat di Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos. Tidak ada korban luka. Pada 3 November 2009, Xian MA60 UM-239 milik Air Zimbabwe menabrak lima babi hutan saat lepas landas dari Bandar Udara Internasional Harare. Proses lepas landas berhasil dihentikan namun bagian lambung bawah rusak, menyebabkan kerusakan serius pada pesawat. Pada 7 Mei 2011, Xian MA60X milik Merpati Nusantara Airlines jatuh ke laut saat akan mendarat di Bandar Udara Utarom, Kaimana, Papua Barat. Seluruh penumpang dan awak yang berjumlah 27 orang tewas.\n\nPada April 2010, 30 MA60 sudah beroperasi dan 10 disimpan:\n\nBolivia TAM - Transporte Aéreo Militar - 2 dalam layanan Ekuador Angkatan Udara Ekuador sedang bernegosiasi untuk 4 MA60 (Agustus 2009) Indonesia Merpati Nusantara Airlines - 13 dalam layanan, 2 pesanan Laos Lao Airlines - 4 dalam layanan Myanmar Myanmar Airways - 3 dalam layanan Nepal Nepal Airlines - 2 pesanan China Civil Aviation Flight University of China China United Airlines - 1 dalam layanan, 1 disimpan Okay Airways - 2 dalam layanan, 8 pesanan Joy Air (Xingfu Airlines) - 5 dalam layanan, 45 pesanan Sichuan Airlines - 2 disimpan Wuhan Airlines - 3 disimpan YingAn Airlines - 1 dalam layanan Filipina Zest Airways - 4 dalam layanan, 1 rusak parah akibat kecelakaan, 6 tambahan MA60 dipesan pada 30 Mei 2009) Republik Kongo Air Congo Int'l - 3 dalam layanan Sri Lanka Angkatan Udara Sri Lanka - 4 MA60 dipesan (Maret 2010) Mihin Lanka - 2 MA60 dipesan (March 2010) Zambia Angkatan Udara Zambia - 2 dalam layanan Zimbabwe Air Zimbabwe - 2 dalam layanan, 1 kecelakaan pada 3 November 2009\n\nJackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.\n\nMA60 Homepage China Economic net article People's Daily description\n\nKategori:Pesawat Republik Rakyat Tiongkok Kategori:Pesawat terbang bermesin turboprop\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox Aircraft\n |logo = \n |name = MA60\n |image = File:Merpati Xian MA-60 Spijkers.jpg\n |caption = Xian MA60 milik [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]]\n |type = [[Pesawat penumpang regional]]\n |manufacturer = [[Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation]]\n |designer=\n |first flight = February 25, 2000[[http://mil.news.sohu.com/20090816/n265994813.shtml 国产MA60（新舟60）飞机介绍] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829031312/http://mil.news.sohu.com/20090816/n265994813.shtml |date=2010-08-29 }}，搜狐军事频道，August 16, 2009]\n |introduction = 2000\n |status = Aktif\n |primary user = [[China]]\n |more users = \n |produced = 2000 - sekarang\n |number built = 41 (April 2010)\n |unit cost = $12.5 million (2006) [{{Cite web |url=http://www.czechaerospace.cz/newsarchive.php |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718170831/http://www.czechaerospace.cz/newsarchive.php |dead-url=yes }}]\n |developed from = [[Xian Y-7]]\n |variants with their own articles = [[Xian MA600]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Xian MA60 (新舟60, Xīnzhōu 60, \"Modern Ark 60\") adalah pesawat penumpang bermesin turboprop yang dibuat oleh perusahaan Tiongkok Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation di bawah China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I).","translated_text":"The Xian MA60 (新舟60, Xīnzhōu 60, \"Modern Ark 60\") is a turboprop-engined passenger aircraft built by the Chinese company Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation under the China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"MA60 adalah versi perpanjangan dari Xian Y7-200A.","translated_text":"The MA60 is an extended version of the Xian Y7-200A.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm |date=2009-02-23 }} \"MA60 is derived from Y7-200A by the application of better performance engine, state-of-the-art avionics package and new maintenance methodology.\"]","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":803,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:02.607583-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm |date=2009-02-23 }} \"MA60 is derived from Y7-200A by the application of better performance engine, state-of-the-art avionics package and new maintenance methodology.\"]","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.496276-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pesawat bermesin turboprop ini menerima sertifikasi tipe dari Administrasi Penerbangan Sipil China pada bulan Juni 2000.","translated_text":"The turboprop-engined aircraft received type certification from the Chinese Civil Aviation Administration in June 2000.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pesawat pertama dikirim ke Sichuan Airlines bulan Agustus 2000.","translated_text":"The first aircraft was delivered to Sichuan Airlines in August 2000.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2008-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":63,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":803,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.566676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2008-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":63,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.696198-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Oktober 2006, XAC telah menerina lebih dari 90 pesanan MA60.","translated_text":"As of October 2006, XAC had completed more than 90 MA60 orders.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan telah mengirim 23 MA60 pada akhir tahun 2006, dan diperkirakan mengirimkan tambahan 165 unit pada akhir tahun 2016.","translated_text":"The company had shipped 23 MA60s by the end of 2006, and is expected to ship an additional 165 units by the end of 2016.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]], 29 October 2007 issue, p. 66, ''Commercial Transport Update'']","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Varian","translated_text":"Variants","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Xian MA60-100: Mengurangi berat meningkatkan performa.","translated_text":"Xian MA60-100: Reducing weight improves performance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. ISBN 9 781902 109046]","char_index":54,"name":"Chinese","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Xian MA60-MPA Fearless Albatross: Varian patroli maritim dan anti kapal selam yang ditawarkan saat Airshow China 2002.","translated_text":"Xian MA60-MPA Fearless Albatross: A variant of the maritime patrol and anti-submarine offered at the 2002 China Airshow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. ISBN 9 781902 109046]","char_index":118,"name":"Chinese","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Xian MA40: Menguragi kapasitas jadi 40 kursi yang mulai dijual pada tahun 2002.","translated_text":"Xian MA40: Reduced capacity to 40 seats which went on sale in 2002.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. ISBN 9 781902 109046]","char_index":79,"name":"Chinese","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Xian MA60H-500: Versi kargo militer dari MA-60, dengan pintu kargo belakang.","translated_text":"Xian MA60H-500: Military cargo version of the MA-60, with rear cargo door.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. ISBN 9 781902 109046]","char_index":76,"name":"Chinese","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Xian MA600: Versi pengembangan dari MA60, prototip terbang pada 29 Juni 2008.","translated_text":"Xian MA600: A developmental version of the MA60, the prototype flew on June 29, 2008.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008. ISBN 9 781902 109046]","char_index":77,"name":"Chinese","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Insiden dan Kecelakaan","translated_text":"Incidents and Accidents","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 11 Januari 2009, Zest Airways Penerbangan 865, Xian MA60 dengan 22 penumpang dan 33 awak, mengalami undershot di landasan pacu 06 ketika mendarat di Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos, membelok tajam ke kiri saat menyentuh landasan pacu setelah benturan sebelumnya dan menabrak tembok beton dan merusak hidung pesawat.","translated_text":"On 11 January 2009, Zest Airways Flight 865, Xian MA60 with 22 passengers and 33 crew, suffered an undershot at runway 06 when landing at Godofredo P. Ramos Airport, swiveling sharply to the left as it touched the runway after the previous collision and crashed into the concrete wall and damaged the aircraft's nose.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Roda pendarat dan baling-baling pesawat mengalami kerusakan parah.","translated_text":"Landing wheels and propellers were severely damaged.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga orang terluka.","translated_text":"Three people were injured.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak ada korban jiwa.","translated_text":"There were no fatalities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Citation |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090111-0&lang=en |title=Accident |publisher=Aviation Safety Network }}]","char_index":22,"name":"ASN20090111-0","url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090111-0&lang=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.765552-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 25 Juni 2009, Zest Airways Penerbangan 863, Xian MA60 dengan 54 penumpang dan lima awak pesawat, mengalami overshot saat mendarat di Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos.","translated_text":"On 25 June 2009, Zest Airways Flight 863, Xian MA60 with 54 passengers and five crew members, suffered an overshot while landing at Godofredo P. Ramos Airport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak ada korban luka.","translated_text":"There were no casualties.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Citation |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090625-0 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network }}]","char_index":22,"name":null,"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090625-0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:04.628813-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 3 November 2009, Xian MA60 UM-239 milik Air Zimbabwe menabrak lima babi hutan saat lepas landas dari Bandar Udara Internasional Harare.","translated_text":"On 3 November 2009, Xian MA60 UM-239 belonging to Air Zimbabwe crashed into five wild boars while taking off from Harare International Airport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Proses lepas landas berhasil dihentikan namun bagian lambung bawah rusak, menyebabkan kerusakan serius pada pesawat.","translated_text":"The take-off process was successfully stopped but the lower abdomen was damaged, causing serious damage to the aircraft.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/asian-skies/2009/11/can-pigs-fly-in-zimbabwe-it-se.html |title=Can pigs fly? 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charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:06.403106-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 7 Mei 2011, Xian MA60X milik Merpati Nusantara Airlines jatuh ke laut saat akan mendarat di Bandar Udara Utarom, Kaimana, Papua Barat.","translated_text":"On 7 May 2011, the Xian MA60X belonging to Merpati Nusantara Airlines crashed into the sea as it was about to land at Utarom Airport, Kaimana, West Papua.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seluruh penumpang dan awak yang berjumlah 27 orang tewas.","translated_text":"All 27 passengers and crew were killed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/05/07/1415026/Merpati.Jatuh.ke.Laut.27.Orang.Tewas 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please.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"'s All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004.","translated_text":"It's All The World's Aircraft from 2003 to 2004.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003.","translated_text":"Coulsdon, UK: Jane's information group, 2003.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.","translated_text":"This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"MA60 Homepage China Economic net article People's Daily description","translated_text":"MA60 China Economic net article People's Daily description","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211094856/http://www.ma60.com/ |date=2006-12-11 }}","char_index":14,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061211094856/http://www.ma60.com/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.824855-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312071109/http://en-1.ce.cn/Industries/Aerospare/200412/21/t20041221_2625991.shtml |date=2007-03-12 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adalah pesawat penumpang bermesin turboprop yang dibuat oleh perusahaan Tiongkok Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation di bawah China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I). MA60 adalah versi perpanjangan dari Xian Y7-200A.","translated_text":"The Xian MA60 (新舟60, Xīnzhōu 60, \"Modern Ark 60\") is a turboprop-engined passenger aircraft built by the Chinese company Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation under the China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I). The MA60 is an extended version of the Xian Y7-200A.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm |date=2009-02-23 }} \"MA60 is derived from Y7-200A by the application of better performance engine, state-of-the-art avionics package and new maintenance methodology.\"]","char_index":271,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":803,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:02.607583-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm |date=2009-02-23 }} \"MA60 is derived from Y7-200A by the application of better performance engine, state-of-the-art avionics package and new maintenance methodology.\"]","char_index":271,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090223102400/http://www.ma60.com/faq.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.496276-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pesawat bermesin turboprop ini menerima sertifikasi tipe dari Administrasi Penerbangan Sipil China pada bulan Juni 2000. Pesawat pertama dikirim ke Sichuan Airlines bulan Agustus 2000.","translated_text":"The turboprop-engined aircraft received type certification from the Chinese Civil Aviation Administration in June 2000. The first aircraft was delivered to Sichuan Airlines in August 2000.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2008-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":803,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.566676-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2010-10-27 |archive-date=2008-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3 |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080622204138/http://www.ma60.com/default.asp?key=3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.696198-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Oktober 2006, XAC telah menerina lebih dari 90 pesanan MA60. Perusahaan telah mengirim 23 MA60 pada akhir tahun 2006, dan diperkirakan mengirimkan tambahan 165 unit pada akhir tahun 2016.","translated_text":"As of October 2006, XAC had completed more than 90 MA60 orders. The company had shipped 23 MA60s by the end of 2006, and is expected to ship an additional 165 units by the end of 2016.","citations":[{"content":"[[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]], 29 October 2007 issue, p. 66, ''Commercial Transport Update'']","char_index":192,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Xian MA60-100: Mengurangi berat meningkatkan performa.","translated_text":"Xian MA60-100: Reducing weight improves performance.","citations":[{"content":"[Komissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. 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ISBN 9 781902 109046]","char_index":234,"name":"Chinese","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Roda pendarat dan baling-baling pesawat mengalami kerusakan parah. Tiga orang terluka. Tidak ada korban jiwa.","translated_text":"Landing wheels and propellers were severely damaged. Three people were injured. There were no fatalities.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Citation |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090111-0&lang=en |title=Accident |publisher=Aviation Safety Network }}]","char_index":109,"name":"ASN20090111-0","url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090111-0&lang=en","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:03.765552-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tidak ada korban jiwa. Pada 25 Juni 2009, Zest Airways Penerbangan 863, Xian MA60 dengan 54 penumpang dan lima awak pesawat, mengalami overshot saat mendarat di Bandar Udara Godofredo P. Ramos. Tidak ada korban luka.","translated_text":"There were no fatalities. On 25 June 2009, Zest Airways Flight 863, Xian MA60 with 54 passengers and five crew members, suffered an overshot while landing at Godofredo P. Ramos Airport. There were no casualties.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Citation |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090625-0 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network }}]","char_index":216,"name":null,"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090625-0","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:04.628813-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tidak ada korban luka. Pada 3 November 2009, Xian MA60 UM-239 milik Air Zimbabwe menabrak lima babi hutan saat lepas landas dari Bandar Udara Internasional Harare. Proses lepas landas berhasil dihentikan namun bagian lambung bawah rusak, menyebabkan kerusakan serius pada pesawat.","translated_text":"There were no casualties. On 3 November 2009, Xian MA60 UM-239 belonging to Air Zimbabwe crashed into five wild boars while taking off from Harare International Airport. The take-off process was successfully stopped but the lower abdomen was damaged, causing serious damage to the aircraft.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/asian-skies/2009/11/can-pigs-fly-in-zimbabwe-it-se.html |title=Can pigs fly? In Zimbabwe, it seems they try to |publisher=Flight Global |accessdate=7 November 2009}}]","char_index":280,"name":"FG031109","url":"http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/asian-skies/2009/11/can-pigs-fly-in-zimbabwe-it-se.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":105310,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:05.538566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/World/Story/STIStory_450666.html |title=Plane smashes into wild pigs |publisher=Straits Times |accessdate=7 November 2009}}]","char_index":280,"name":"Straits","url":"http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/World/Story/STIStory_450666.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:06.403106-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (16 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Proses lepas landas berhasil dihentikan namun bagian lambung bawah rusak, menyebabkan kerusakan serius pada pesawat. Pada 7 Mei 2011, Xian MA60X milik Merpati Nusantara Airlines jatuh ke laut saat akan mendarat di Bandar Udara Utarom, Kaimana, Papua Barat. Seluruh penumpang dan awak yang berjumlah 27 orang tewas.","translated_text":"The take-off process was successfully stopped but the lower abdomen was damaged, causing serious damage to the aircraft. On 7 May 2011, the Xian MA60X belonging to Merpati Nusantara Airlines crashed into the sea as it was about to land at Utarom Airport, Kaimana, West Papua. All 27 passengers and crew were killed.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|url=http://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/05/07/1415026/Merpati.Jatuh.ke.Laut.27.Orang.Tewas |title=Merpati Jatuh ke Laut, 27 Orang Tewas |publisher=Kompas |acessdate=7 Mei 2011|editor-last=Latief |work=[[Kompas.com]] }}]","char_index":314,"name":null,"url":"http://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/05/07/1415026/Merpati.Jatuh.ke.Laut.27.Orang.Tewas","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:06.705519-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada April 2010, 30 MA60 sudah beroperasi dan 10 disimpan:","translated_text":"As of April 2010, 30 MA60s were operational and 10 were stored:","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php]","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":"http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":21391,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:06.809326-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php]","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25271,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:07.077437-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bolivia TAM - Transporte Aéreo Militar - 2 dalam layanan Ekuador Angkatan Udara Ekuador sedang bernegosiasi untuk 4 MA60 (Agustus 2009) Indonesia Merpati Nusantara Airlines - 13 dalam layanan, 2 pesanan Laos Lao Airlines - 4 dalam layanan Myanmar Myanmar Airways - 3 dalam layanan Nepal Nepal Airlines - 2 pesanan China Civil Aviation Flight University of China China United Airlines - 1 dalam layanan, 1 disimpan Okay Airways - 2 dalam layanan, 8 pesanan Joy Air (Xingfu Airlines) - 5 dalam layanan, 45 pesanan Sichuan Airlines - 2 disimpan Wuhan Airlines - 3 disimpan YingAn Airlines - 1 dalam layanan Filipina Zest Airways - 4 dalam layanan, 1 rusak parah akibat kecelakaan, 6 tambahan MA60 dipesan pada 30 Mei 2009) Republik Kongo Air Congo Int'l - 3 dalam layanan Sri Lanka Angkatan Udara Sri Lanka - 4 MA60 dipesan (Maret 2010) Mihin Lanka - 2 MA60 dipesan (March 2010) Zambia Angkatan Udara Zambia - 2 dalam layanan Zimbabwe Air Zimbabwe - 2 dalam layanan, 1 kecelakaan pada 3 November 2009","translated_text":"Bolivia TAM - Transporte Aéreo Military - 2 in Ecuadorian service The Ecuadorian Air Force is negotiating for 4 MA60 (August 2009) Indonesia Merpati Nusantara Airlines - 13 in service, 2 orders Laos Lao Airlines - 4 in service Myanmar Myanmar Airways - 3 in service Nepal Airlines - 2 orders China Civil Aviation Flight University of China China United Airlines - 1 in service, 1 placed Okay Airways - 2 in service, 8 orders Joy Air (Xingfu Airlines) - 5 in service, 45 orders Sichuan Airlines - 2 placed Wuhan Airlines - 3 placed Philippines YingAn Airlines - 1 in service Zest Airways - 4 in service, 1 seriously damaged by an accident, 6 additional MA60 Aircraft 30 May 2009) Republic of the Congo Air Int'l - 3 aircraft service services in Sri Lanka - 4 MA60 air forces dispatched (March 2010) Mihin Lanka - 2 MA60 air forces crashed (March 2 - 2 November 2009) in Zimbabwe Air Force 1 in Zimbabwe, Zambia 1 in Zimbabwe, Zambia 1 in Zimbabwe, Zambia 1 in Zimbabwe","citations":[{"content":"[http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/okay-airways-continues-fleet-expansion-0811]","char_index":455,"name":null,"url":"http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engines-components/news/okay-airways-continues-fleet-expansion-0811","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":131104,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:07.723162-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (51 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203191135/http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html|date=2010-12-03}} Transport aircraft sales, China Economic Review, 2010-03-09]","char_index":833,"name":"lanka ma-60","url":"http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":47064,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.583711-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (51 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203191135/http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html|date=2010-12-03}} Transport aircraft sales, China Economic Review, 2010-03-09]","char_index":833,"name":"lanka ma-60","url":"http://www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_09/Transport_aircraft_sales.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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+{"title":"Kategori:Mukjizat","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Miracles}}\n\n[[Kategori:Agama]]","hash":"8e35b1e2373bc513a92ef3857264f5bc01f9662309c55fc86cf7a461fcdadf7e","last_revision":"2013-04-06T18:13:51Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T03:21:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.050733","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Categoría:Miraglos","ar":"تصنيف:معجزات","az":"Kateqoriya:Möcüzələr","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Цуды","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:অলৌকিক ঘটনা","ckb":"پۆل:موعجیزە","cs":"Kategorie:Zázraky","cy":"Categori:Gwyrthiau","de":"Kategorie:Wunderbericht","en":"Category:Miracles","eo":"Kategorio:Mirakloj","es":"Categoría:Milagros","eu":"Kategoria:Mirariak","fa":"رده:معجزه","fi":"Luokka:Ihmeet","fr":"Catégorie:Miracle","fy":"Kategory:Wûnder","gl":"Categoría:Milagres","he":"קטגוריה:נסים","io":"Kategorio:Mirakli","ko":"분류:기적","la":"Categoria:Miracula","mk":"Категорија:Чуда","ms":"Kategori:Mukjizat","nl":"Categorie:Wonder","oc":"Categoria:Miracle","pt":"Categoria:Milagres (religião)","ro":"Categorie:Miracole","sk":"Kategória:Zázraky","sl":"Kategorija:Čudeži","tl":"Kategorya:Mga milagro","uk":"Категорія:Дива","ur":"زمرہ:معجزات","vi":"Thể loại:Phép lạ","zh":"Category:神迹"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Kategori:Agama\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Agama","translated_text":"Categories: Religious","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Ottoman","wikicode":"=== Ottoman ===\n{{Status/Usul|Done}}\n\nGanti {{kt|Sultan Ottoman}} menjadi {{kt|Sultan Utsmaniyah}}. Juga [[Bahasa Turki Ottoman]] menjadi [[Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah]] (penghapusan halaman pengalihan).
[[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Bennylin|✒]] [[Pengguna:Bennylin|βέννγλιν]] 06:11, 27 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n: {{se7}} — [[User:Tjmoel|'''Tjmoel''']] [[Berkas:Icons-flag-id.png|link=:id:User talk:Tjmoel]] [[User talk:Tjmoel| bicara]] 15:30, 27 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n{{done}} - — [[User:Tjmoel|'''Tjmoel''']] [[Berkas:Icons-flag-id.png|link=:id:User talk:Tjmoel]] [[User talk:Tjmoel| bicara]] 07:52, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","hash":"d4f78916736acdf07183eae1a036c15972ea3c6bd3bcde91258f7ead79a36f33","last_revision":"2017-02-10T04:19:46Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T06:11:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.104340","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Ganti menjadi . Juga Bahasa Turki Ottoman menjadi Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah (penghapusan halaman pengalihan). ✒ βέννγλιν 06:11, 27 Oktober 2010 (UTC) — Tjmoel bicara 15:30, 27 Oktober 2010 (UTC)\n\n- — Tjmoel bicara 07:52, 3 November 2010 (UTC)\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Ottoman","translated_text":"Ottoman","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ganti menjadi .","translated_text":"Change to.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juga Bahasa Turki Ottoman menjadi Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah (penghapusan halaman pengalihan).","translated_text":"Also the Ottoman Turkic became the Ottoman Turkic language (removal of redirect pages).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"✒ βέννγλιν 06:11, 27 Oktober 2010 (UTC) — Tjmoel bicara 15:30, 27 Oktober 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":" ⁇ βέννγλιν 06:11, 27 October 2010 (UTC) ⁇ Tjmoel speaking at 15:30, 27 October 2010 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"- — Tjmoel bicara 07:52, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":"- ⁇ Tjmoel speaking at 07:52, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Turki (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"'''[[Turki]]''', negara di kawasan Eurasia.\n\n'''Turki''' juga dapat merujuk ke:\n* [[Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah]], varian [[bahasa Turki]] yang digunakan sebagai bahasa pemerintahan dan sastra [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Kerajaan Ottoman]]\n* [[Orang Armenia di Turkiye|Armenia-Turki]], orang [[Armenia]] yang tinggal atau berasal dari [[Turkiye]]\n* [[Dinasti Seljuk|Turkiye Seljuk]], sebuah dinasti [[Sejarah Islam|Islam]] yang pernah menguasai [[Asia Tengah]] dan [[Timur Tengah]] dari [[Abad ke-11 hingga 20|abad ke 11]] hingga [[Abad ke-11 hingga 20|abad ke 14]]\n* [[Republik Turki Siprus Utara]], sebuah [[negara]] [[republik]] yang secara ''[[de facto]]'' [[Kemerdekaan|merdeka]], terletak di bagian utara [[Siprus]]\n\n==Lihat juga==\n* [[Turkey|Turkey (disambiguasi)]]\n* {{lookfrom|Turki}}\n* {{in title|Turki}}\n\n{{disambiguasi}}","hash":"ece418cec643a30e8bd5497553f479111f7ea153461199a6dc8efcbb1e9c9da8","last_revision":"2022-07-02T14:16:41Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T06:17:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.166749","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تركي (توضيح)","be":"Туркі (значэнні)","be-x-old":"Туркі (неадназначнасьць)","ceb":"Turki","de":"Turki","en":"Turki (disambiguation)","fr":"Turki (homonymie)","it":"Turki (disambigua)","lt":"Turkai (reikšmės)","lv":"Turki (nozīmju atdalīšana)","ru":"Турки (значения)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"Turki, negara di kawasan Eurasia.\n\nTurki juga dapat merujuk ke: Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah, varian bahasa Turki yang digunakan sebagai bahasa pemerintahan dan sastra Kerajaan Ottoman Armenia-Turki, orang Armenia yang tinggal atau berasal dari Turkiye Turkiye Seljuk, sebuah dinasti Islam yang pernah menguasai Asia Tengah dan Timur Tengah dari abad ke 11 hingga abad ke 14 Republik Turki Siprus Utara, sebuah negara republik yang secara de facto merdeka, terletak di bagian utara Siprus\n\nTurkey (disambiguasi)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Turki, negara di kawasan Eurasia.","translated_text":"Turkey, a country in the Eurasian region.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Turki juga dapat merujuk ke: Bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah, varian bahasa Turki yang digunakan sebagai bahasa pemerintahan dan sastra Kerajaan Ottoman Armenia-Turki, orang Armenia yang tinggal atau berasal dari Turkiye Turkiye Seljuk, sebuah dinasti Islam yang pernah menguasai Asia Tengah dan Timur Tengah dari abad ke 11 hingga abad ke 14 Republik Turki Siprus Utara, sebuah negara republik yang secara de facto merdeka, terletak di bagian utara Siprus","translated_text":"Turkish may also refer to: Ottoman Turkish, a variation of Turkish used as the official language and literature of the Ottoman Empire Armenian-Turkish, Armenians living in or descended from Seljuk Turkey, an Islamic dynasty that once ruled Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to the 14th century Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto independent republic state, located in the northern part of Cyprus","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat juga","translated_text":"See also","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Turkey (disambiguasi)","translated_text":"Turkey (disambiguation)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Suku Turki","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Orang Turki]]","hash":"30d535d543b2f4f6685fe614ccd9100c8e6c17804ecff061e0bc12910253b828","last_revision":"2023-04-13T12:01:19Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T06:17:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.227109","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Orang Turki\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Orang Turki","translated_text":"THE Turks","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pemain musik","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Pemusik]]","hash":"784baeb43f78571e2704294148ea7a492e7f0b2e8d40ed186171b4cba8917db1","last_revision":"2021-03-19T00:16:55Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T06:41:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.282228","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Pemusik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Pemusik","translated_text":"When I Was a Musician","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Status","wikicode":"{{#if:{{{3|Status}}}|{{{3|Status}}}:|}} '''{{{2|{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1}}}}}| done | + | selesai = Selesai| notdone | not done | - | ditolak = Tidak dilanjutkan| on hold | onhold | ditunda = Ditunda| ditolak | rejected = Ditolak| withdrawn | ditarik = Ditarik| close | closed | ditutup = Ditutup| {{{1|Sedang diproses}}}[[Kategori:Usulan yang masih didiskusikan]]}}}}}'''\n__NOINDEX__\n{{Dokumentasi}}\n\n","hash":"554cc4b72e2c1e48568acb516fbc769a71fe1588cafa895b7a0b3c0884c83ae5","last_revision":"2022-11-10T01:31:48Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T06:43:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.345747","cross_lingual_links":{"ckb":"داڕێژە:ڕەوش","cs":"Šablona:Stav","en":"Template:Status","es":"Plantilla:Estado","fa":"الگو:وضعیت","fi":"Malline:Tila","gu":"ઢાંચો:Status","it":"Template:Stato pagina","ja":"Template:進捗","ko":"틀:Status","ku":"Şablon:Rewş","ne":"ढाँचा:Status","sa":"फलकम्:Status","sd":"سانچو:Status","simple":"Template:Status","te":"మూస:Status","th":"แม่แบบ:สถานะ","vi":"Bản mẫu:Status2","zh":"Template:Status"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"__NOINDEX__\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"__NOINDEX__","translated_text":"What are you doing?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:AmiHadi.jpg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n|description = Ami Hadi\n|source = \n|date = \n|author = \n|permission = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{DU}}","hash":"7dd35ad3b5e2e7740cb55324d75f245c247f2806dd93eb48720110d2dfe3888b","last_revision":"2020-05-18T20:56:28Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T06:51:32Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.400412","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Forever Your Girl","wikicode":"{{For|lagu dengan judul sama|Forever Your Girl (lagu)}}\n{{Infobox album \n| Name = Forever Your Girl\n| Type = [[Album]]\n| Artist = [[Paula Abdul]]\n| Cover = Forever Your Girl - Paula Abdul.PNG\n| Released = 13 Juni 1988\n| Recorded = 1987-1988\n| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Dance music|Dance]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[New jack swing|New Jack Swing]]\n| Length = 44:35\n| Label = [[Virgin Records|Virgin]]\n| Producer = [[Oliver Leiber]], [[Glen Ballard]], [[Elliot Wolff]], [[L.A. Reid]] & [[Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds|Babyface]], [[Jesse Johnson]], [[Curtis Williams (Producer)|Curtis Williams]]\n| Reviews =\n* [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/r131740 link]\n* {{Review-Christgau|C|album=4282}}\n| Last album =\n| This album = '''''Forever Your Girl'''''
(1988)\n| Next album = ''[[Shut Up and Dance]]
(1990)\n| Misc = {{Singles\n|Name = Forever Your Girl\n|Type = Studio\n|single 1 = [[Knocked Out]]\n|single 1 date = [[1988]]\n|single 2 = [[(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me]]\n|single 2 date = 7 Mei 1988\n|single 3 = [[Straight Up (lagu)|Straight Up]]\n|single 3 date = [[1989]]\n|single 4 = [[Forever Your Girl (lagu)|Forever Your Girl]]\n|single 4 date = [[1989]]\n|single 5 = [[Cold Hearted]]\n|single 5 date = 22 Agustus 1989\n|single 6 = [[(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me]] (Re-Release)\n|single 6 date = 2 Oktober 1989\n|single 7 = [[Opposites Attract]]\n|single 7 date = 28 November 1989\n}}\n}}\n\n'''''Forever Your Girl''''' adalah [[album]] debut penyanyi [[Paula Abdul]]. Album ini dirilis pada tanggal [[13 Juni]] [[1988]].\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n# \"[[(It's Just) the Way That You Love Me|The Way That You Love Me]]\" (Oliver Leiber) – 5:22 (#3 US)\n# \"[[Knocked Out]]\" (Babyface; Daryl Simmons; L.A. Reid) – 3:52 (#41 US)\n# \"[[Opposites Attract]]\" '''(w/[[The Wild Pair]])''' (Oliver Leiber) – 4:24 (#1 US)*\n# \"State of Attraction\" (Glen Ballard; Siedah Garrett) – 4:07\n# \"I Need You\" (Jesse Johnson; Ta Mara) – 5:01\n# \"[[Forever Your Girl (lagu)|Forever Your Girl]]\" (Oliver Leiber) – 4:58 (#1 US)\n# \"[[Straight Up (lagu)|Straight Up]]\" (Elliot Wolff) – 4:11 (#1 US)\n# \"Next To You\" (Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; K. Stubbs; S. Williams) – 4:26\n# \"[[Cold Hearted]]\" (Elliot Wolff) – 3:51 (#1 US)\n# \"One or the Other\" (Paula Abdul; Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; Duncan Pain) – 4:10\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929144507/http://billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Singles&model.vnuArtistId=3918&model.vnuAlbumId=167280 Paula Abdul Billboard peaks]\n\n{{Album-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Album Paula Abdul]]\n[[Kategori:Album tahun 1988]]","hash":"8b7e6a7676eef1e39e1d7af4cceca30dbb15fd90768f3256569c67ff4c444ad6","last_revision":"2021-01-25T16:35:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T07:10:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.456347","cross_lingual_links":{"cs":"Forever Your Girl","de":"Forever Your Girl (Album)","en":"Forever Your Girl","es":"Forever Your Girl","fi":"Forever Your Girl","fr":"Forever Your Girl","he":"Forever Your Girl","it":"Forever Your Girl","ja":"あいつにノック・アウト","ko":"Forever Your Girl","pl":"Forever Your Girl","pt":"Forever Your Girl","ru":"Forever Your Girl (альбом)","simple":"Forever Your Girl","sv":"Forever Your Girl","tr":"Forever Your Girl","vi":"Forever Your Girl","zh":"永远是你的女孩"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.725752","text":"{{Infobox album | Name = Forever Your Girl | Type = Album | Artist = Paula Abdul | Cover = Forever Your Girl - Paula Abdul.PNG | Released = 13 Juni 1988 | Recorded = 1987-1988 | Genre = Pop, Dance, R&B, New Jack Swing | Length = 44:35 | Label = Virgin | Producer = Oliver Leiber, Glen Ballard, Elliot Wolff, L.A. Reid & Babyface, Jesse Johnson, Curtis Williams | Reviews = Allmusic link\n\n| Last album = | This album = Forever Your Girl (1988) | Next album = Shut Up and Dance (1990) | Misc = }}\n\nForever Your Girl'' adalah album debut penyanyi Paula Abdul. Album ini dirilis pada tanggal 13 Juni 1988.\n\n\"The Way That You Love Me\" (Oliver Leiber) – 5:22 (#3 US) \"Knocked Out\" (Babyface; Daryl Simmons; L.A. Reid) – 3:52 (#41 US) \"Opposites Attract\" (w/The Wild Pair) (Oliver Leiber) – 4:24 (#1 US)* \"State of Attraction\" (Glen Ballard; Siedah Garrett) – 4:07 \"I Need You\" (Jesse Johnson; Ta Mara) – 5:01 \"Forever Your Girl\" (Oliver Leiber) – 4:58 (#1 US) \"Straight Up\" (Elliot Wolff) – 4:11 (#1 US) \"Next To You\" (Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; K. Stubbs; S. Williams) – 4:26 \"Cold Hearted\" (Elliot Wolff) – 3:51 (#1 US) \"One or the Other\" (Paula Abdul; Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; Duncan Pain) – 4:10\n\nPaula Abdul Billboard peaks\n\nKategori:Album Paula Abdul Kategori:Album tahun 1988\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"{{Infobox album | Name = Forever Your Girl | Type = Album | Artist = Paula Abdul | Cover = Forever Your Girl - Paula Abdul.PNG | Released = 13 Juni 1988 | Recorded = 1987-1988 | Genre = Pop, Dance, R&B, New Jack Swing | Length = 44:35 | Label = Virgin | Producer = Oliver Leiber, Glen Ballard, Elliot Wolff, L.A. Reid & Babyface, Jesse Johnson, Curtis Williams | Reviews = Allmusic link","translated_text":"The album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\", and the album's title is \"Forever Your Girl\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"| Last album = |","translated_text":"♪ The last album ♪","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"This album = Forever Your Girl (1988) | Next album = Shut Up and Dance (1990) | Misc = }}","translated_text":"This album is Forever Your Girl (1988) Next album is Shut Up and Dance (1990)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Forever Your Girl'' adalah album debut penyanyi Paula Abdul.","translated_text":"Forever Your Girl' is the debut album by singer Paula Abdul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Album ini dirilis pada tanggal 13 Juni 1988.","translated_text":"The album was released on June 13, 1988.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"The Way That You Love Me\" (Oliver Leiber) – 5:22 (#3 US) \"Knocked Out\" (Babyface;","translated_text":"\"The Way That You Love Me\" (Oliver Leiber) ⁇ 5:22 (#3 US) \"Knocked Out\" (Babyface)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Daryl Simmons; L.A. Reid) – 3:52 (#41 US) \"Opposites Attract\" (w/The Wild Pair) (Oliver Leiber) – 4:24 (#1 US)* \"State of Attraction\" (Glen Ballard; Siedah Garrett) – 4:07 \"I Need You\" (Jesse Johnson;","translated_text":"Daryl Simmons; L.A. Reid) ⁇ 3:52 (#41 US) \"Opposites Attract\" (w/The Wild Pair) (Oliver Leiber) ⁇ 4:24 (#1 US) * \"State of Attraction\" (Glen Ballard; Siedah Garrett) ⁇ 4:07 \"I Need You\" (Jesse Johnson;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ta Mara) – 5:01 \"Forever Your Girl\" (Oliver Leiber) – 4:58 (#1 US) \"Straight Up\" (Elliot Wolff) – 4:11 (#1 US) \"Next To You\" (Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; K. Stubbs; S. Williams) – 4:26 \"Cold Hearted\" (Elliot Wolff) – 3:51 (#1 US) \"One or the Other\" (Paula Abdul;","translated_text":"Ta Mara) ⁇ 5:01 \"Forever Your Girl\" (Oliver Leiber) ⁇ 4:58 (#1 US) \"Straight Up\" (Elliot Wolff) ⁇ 4:11 (#1 US) \"Next To You\" (Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; K. Stubbs; S. Williams) ⁇ 4:26 \"Cold Hearted\" (Elliot Wolff) ⁇ 3:51 (#1 US) \"One or the Other\" (Paula Abdul;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams; Duncan Pain) – 4:10","translated_text":"Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams and Duncan Pain","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Paula Abdul Billboard peaks","translated_text":"Paula Abdul of the Billboard peaks","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Album Paula Abdul Kategori:Album tahun 1988","translated_text":"Album by Paula Abdul Category:Album from 1988","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Ind","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Indus]]\n|name=Bintang Ind\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[Alpha Indi|α (The Persian)]] • [[Eta Indi|η]] • [[Zeta Indi|ζ]] • [[Iota Indi|ι]] • [[Beta Indi|β]] • [[Mu Indi|μ]] • [[Theta Indi|θ]] • [[Gamma Indi|γ]] • [[Omicron Indi|ο]] • [[Pi Indi|π]] • [[Delta Indi|δ]] • [[Kappa Indi|κ1]] • [[Epsilon Indi|ε (Proxima Indi)]] • [[Kappa Indi|κ2]] • [[Nu Indi|ν]] • [[Rho Indi|ρ]]\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Indus|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"181533ea2338e6ed782c874ba727c361297247c4b2591287eb84d11681206cb2","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:26Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T08:31:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.524593","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Lac","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Lacerta]]\n|name=Bintang Lac\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[1 Lacertae|1]] • [[2 Lacertae|2]] • [[Beta Lacertae|β]] • [[4 Lacertae|4]] • [[5 Lacertae|5]] • [[6 Lacertae|6]] • [[Alpha Lacertae|α]] • [[8 Lacertae|8]] • [[9 Lacertae|9]] • [[10 Lacertae|10]] • [[11 Lacertae|11]] • [[12 Lacertae|12]] • [[13 Lacertae|13]] • [[14 Lacertae|14]] • [[15 Lacertae|15]] • [[16 Lacertae|16]]\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Lacerta|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"77179f0730a36468a38bf4cff969bbe07f492615775709d9c24389ef56804cdf","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T08:42:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.575575","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:AmiHadi-CintaSuci.ogg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n|description = Ami Hadi - Cinta Suci\n|source = \n|date = \n|author = \n|permission = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{Cc-by-sa-3.0}}","hash":"955822fa54b3a3ba1d5c0e6702d05739e4f97c7890f7590bb64522b9bc7016de","last_revision":"2020-05-18T20:56:27Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:10:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.648790","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Portal:Kristen/Artikel Pilihan/Arsip","wikicode":"== [[Allah Roh Kudus]] ==\n[[Allah]] '''Roh Kudus''' adalah pribadi [[Tuhan]] dalam konsep Tritunggal. Allah Roh Kudus (dalam bahasa Ibrani רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh) hanya dipercayai oleh umat Kristiani dan adalah Pribadi penolong yang memimpin kita, dalam bentuk Roh (pneuma bhs. Yunani: πνεύμα) yang dijanjikan oleh Yesus sebelum kenaikannya ke [[surga]] (tertulis dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul 1:6-9).\n\nMenurut ajaran Kristiani, seorang [[Kristen]] memiliki Roh Kudus di dalam dirinya. Roh tersebut berfungsi sebagai penolong, pemimpin, penghibur, dan teman yang setia. Roh Kudus menuntun umat Kristiani agar hidup sejalan dengan kehendak Tuhan. Roh Kudus juga merupakan penghubung antara umat Kristiani dengan Tuhannya.\n\n== [[Gereja Katedral Jakarta]] ==\n'''Gereja Katedral Jakarta''' (nama resmi: '''Santa Maria Pelindung Diangkat Ke Surga''', ''De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming'') adalah sebuah [[gereja]] di [[Jakarta]]. Gedung gereja ini diresmikan pada [[1901]] dan dibangun dengan arsitektur [[neo-gotik]] dari Eropa, yakni arsitektur yang sangat lazim digunakan untuk membangun gedung gereja beberapa abad yang lalu.\n\nGereja yang sekarang ini dirancang dan dimulai oleh Pastor [[Antonius Dijkmans]] dan peletakan batu pertamanya dilakukan oleh Provicaris Carolus Wenneker. Pekerjaan ini kemudian dilanjutkan oleh Cuypers-Hulswit ketika Dijkmans tidak bisa melanjutkannya, dan kemudian diresmikan dan diberkati pada [[21 April]] [[1901]] oleh Mgr. [[Edmundus Sybradus Luypen]], SJ, Vikaris Apostolik Jakarta.\n\n== [[Paskah]] ==\n[[Berkas:Auferstehung Christi.jpg|100px|ka]]\n'''[[Paskah]]''' ({{lang-el|Πάσχα}} atau ''Paskha'') adalah perayaan terpenting dalam [[tahun liturgi]] [[gereja|gerejawi|]] [[Kristen]]. Bagi umat [[Kristen]], Paskah identik dengan [[Yesus]], yang oleh [[Paulus dari Tarsus|Paulus]] disebut sebagai \"anak domba Paskah\"; jemaat Kristen mula-mula hingga saat ini percaya bahwa [[Yesus]] [[penyaliban Tuhan Yesus|disalibkan]], mati dan dikuburkan, dan [[Pengakuan Iman Rasuli|pada hari yang ketiga]] [[kebangkitan Tuhan Yesus|bangkit dari antara orang mati]]. Paskah merayakan hari kebangkitan tersebut dan merupakan perayaan yang terpenting karena memperingati peristiwa yang paling sakral dalam hidup Yesus.\n\nPaskah juga merujuk pada masa di dalam kalender gereja yang disebut [[masa Paskah]], yaitu masa yang dulu dirayakan selama empat puluh hari sejak Minggu Paskah (puncak dari [[Pekan Suci]]) hingga hari [[Kenaikan Tuhan Yesus|Kenaikan Yesus]] namun sekarang masa tersebut resmi diperpanjang hingga lima puluh hari, yaitu sampai dengan hari [[Pentakosta]] (yang artinya \"hari kelima puluh\" - hari ke-50 setelah Paskah, terjadi peristiwa turunnya [[Roh Kudus]]). Minggu pertama di dalam masa Paskah dinamakan [[Oktaf Paskah]] oleh [[Gereja Katolik Roma]]. Hari Paskah juga mengakhiri perayaan [[Pra-Paskah]] yang dimulai sejak empat puluh hari sebelum [[Kamis Suci]], yaitu masa-masa berdoa, penyesalan, dan persiapan berkabung.\n\n== [[Reformasi Protestan]] ==\n[[Berkas:95Thesen.jpg|100px|ka]]\n'''Reformasi Protestan''' adalah gerakan [[reformasi]] umat Kristiani Eropa yang menjadikan [[Protestanisme|Protestantisme]] sebuah cabang tersendiri dalam [[Agama Kristen]] di masa itu. Gerakan ini bermula pada 1517 tatkala [[Martin Luther]] mempublikasikan ''[[95 dalil Luther|Sembilan Puluh Lima Tesis]]'', dan berakhir pada 1648 dengan [[Perjanjian Westphalia]] yang meredakan [[Perang agama di Eropa]]. Para pendahulu Martin Luther mencakup [[John Wycliffe]] dan [[Jan Hus]], yang juga mencoba mereformasi Gereja Katolik. Reformasi Protestan berawal pada 31 Oktober 1517, di [[Wittenberg]], [[Elektorat Sachsen|Saxonia]], tatkala Martin Luther memakukan ''[[95 dalil Luther|Sembilan Puluh Lima Tesis mengenai Kuasa dan Efikasi Indulgensi]]'' pada daun pintu [[Gereja Semua Orang Kudus, Wittenberg|Gereja Semua Orang Kudus]] (yang berfungsi sebagai papan-pengumuman universitas di masa itu), tesis-tesis tersebut memperdebatkan dan mengkritisi Gereja dan Sri Paus, tetapi berkonsentrasi pada penjualan indulgensi-indulgensi dan kebijakan-kebijakan doktrinal mengenai [[Purgatori]]um, [[Pengadilan Partikular]], [[Mariologi]] ([[Devosi Katolik|devosi]] pada [[Maria]], ibunda Yesus), perantaraan-doa dan devosi pada [[santo|Orang-Orang Kudus]], sebagian besar [[sakramen]], keharusan [[selibat]] bagi rohaniwan, termasuk [[monastisisme]], dan otoritas [[Paus (Katolik Roma)|Sri Paus]]. Reformator-reformator lain, seperti [[Ulrich Zwingli]], segera mengikuti teladan Martin Luther.\n\n== [[Orang-orang Majus dari Timur]] ==\n[[Berkas:Orang majus.jpg|150px|ka]]\nDalam tradisi [[Kristen]], '''[[Orang majus]]''' (dari [[bahasa Latin]]: ''magus'') atau '''Orang Bijak''' juga '''Raja-raja dari Timur''' sering dianggap sebagai orang dari [[kerajaan Media]], mungkin pendeta [[Zoroastrianisme|Zoroastrian]], atau mungkin juga ''[[magi]]'' (bentuk plural dari ''magus'') yang mengenal [[astrologi]] dari [[Persia kuno]]. [[Injil Matius]] menyatakan bahwa mereka datang dari timur ke [[Yerusalem]] untuk menyembah [[Kristus]]. Menurut [[Matius]] mereka berjalan dengan mengikuti sebuah bintang yang datang dan dikenal sebagai [[Bintang Betlehem]]. Saat mereka mendekati Yerusalem, [[Herodes Agung|Herodes]] mencoba menjebak mereka untuk memberitahun keberadaan Yesus, supaya Yesus dapat dihukum mati. Saat mereka menemukan Yesus, para orang bijak ini memberikan hadiah-hadiah, di antaranya adalah [[emas]], [[kemenyan]], dan [[mur]].\n\nRaja-raja dari timur ini kemudian diperingatkan dalam mimpi oleh malaikat atas rencana jahat Herodes terhadap bayi Yesus dan akhirnya mereka memutuskan untuk pulang melalui jalur yang berbeda. Hal ini menyebabkan Herodes bertindak untuk membunuh semua anak kecil di Betlehem sebagai usaha untuk menggagalkan nubuatan mengenai raja yang baru lahir dan menghilangkan saingan yang dianggapnya akan merebut tahtanya. Namun pada saat pembantaian tersebut, orang tua Yesus telah diperingatkan oleh malaikat untuk mengungsi ke Mesir hingga Herodes mati.\n\n== [[Daniel 11]] ==\n[[Berkas:Daniel SistineChapel.jpg|150px|ka|Lukisan Daniel di Kapel Sistina]]\n'''Daniel 11''' adalah bagian dari [[Kitab Daniel]] dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]] atau [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]]. Berisi riwayat [[Daniel]] yang berada di [[Babel]] pada [[abad ke-6 SM]]. Pasal ini terdiri dari 45 ayat, merupakan kelanjutan dari [[Daniel 10|pasal 10]] dan bersambung ke [[Daniel 12|pasal 12]] dan berfokus pada penglihatan yang diterima [[Daniel]] pada tahun ketiga pemerintahan [[Koresh]], raja orang Persia. Nubuat dalam pasal ini dapat dilihat penggenapannya secara akurat dalam sejarah dengan bukti-bukti catatan dari Yunani dan Romawi.\n\nDi dalam ini telah dinubuatkan tentang raja-raja Persia, Makedonia, Seleukia, Mesir, mulai dari Raja [[Kambisus II|Kambisus]], [[Bardiya]], [[Darius I|Darius]], dan [[Xerxes I|Ahasyweros]]; [[Aleksander Agung]] dan jenderal-jenderalnya, hingga [[Antiokhos III]] dan [[Antiokhos IV]].\n\n[[Kategori:Portal:Kristen]]","hash":"e704a538c723cce8dc9a3996f31af854203996b7147f90a9b7c6b90cc5057435","last_revision":"2018-01-05T03:26:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:50:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.710614","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Allah Roh Kudus adalah pribadi Tuhan dalam konsep Tritunggal. Allah Roh Kudus (dalam bahasa Ibrani רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh) hanya dipercayai oleh umat Kristiani dan adalah Pribadi penolong yang memimpin kita, dalam bentuk Roh (pneuma bhs. Yunani: πνεύμα) yang dijanjikan oleh Yesus sebelum kenaikannya ke surga (tertulis dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul 1:6-9).\n\nMenurut ajaran Kristiani, seorang Kristen memiliki Roh Kudus di dalam dirinya. Roh tersebut berfungsi sebagai penolong, pemimpin, penghibur, dan teman yang setia. Roh Kudus menuntun umat Kristiani agar hidup sejalan dengan kehendak Tuhan. Roh Kudus juga merupakan penghubung antara umat Kristiani dengan Tuhannya.\n\nGereja Katedral Jakarta (nama resmi: Santa Maria Pelindung Diangkat Ke Surga, De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming) adalah sebuah gereja di Jakarta. Gedung gereja ini diresmikan pada 1901 dan dibangun dengan arsitektur neo-gotik dari Eropa, yakni arsitektur yang sangat lazim digunakan untuk membangun gedung gereja beberapa abad yang lalu.\n\nGereja yang sekarang ini dirancang dan dimulai oleh Pastor Antonius Dijkmans dan peletakan batu pertamanya dilakukan oleh Provicaris Carolus Wenneker. Pekerjaan ini kemudian dilanjutkan oleh Cuypers-Hulswit ketika Dijkmans tidak bisa melanjutkannya, dan kemudian diresmikan dan diberkati pada 21 April 1901 oleh Mgr. Edmundus Sybradus Luypen, SJ, Vikaris Apostolik Jakarta.\n\nPaskah ( atau Paskha) adalah perayaan terpenting dalam tahun liturgi gerejawi| Kristen. Bagi umat Kristen, Paskah identik dengan Yesus, yang oleh Paulus disebut sebagai \"anak domba Paskah\"; jemaat Kristen mula-mula hingga saat ini percaya bahwa Yesus disalibkan, mati dan dikuburkan, dan pada hari yang ketiga bangkit dari antara orang mati. Paskah merayakan hari kebangkitan tersebut dan merupakan perayaan yang terpenting karena memperingati peristiwa yang paling sakral dalam hidup Yesus.\n\nPaskah juga merujuk pada masa di dalam kalender gereja yang disebut masa Paskah, yaitu masa yang dulu dirayakan selama empat puluh hari sejak Minggu Paskah (puncak dari Pekan Suci) hingga hari Kenaikan Yesus namun sekarang masa tersebut resmi diperpanjang hingga lima puluh hari, yaitu sampai dengan hari Pentakosta (yang artinya \"hari kelima puluh\" - hari ke-50 setelah Paskah, terjadi peristiwa turunnya Roh Kudus). Minggu pertama di dalam masa Paskah dinamakan Oktaf Paskah oleh Gereja Katolik Roma. Hari Paskah juga mengakhiri perayaan Pra-Paskah yang dimulai sejak empat puluh hari sebelum Kamis Suci, yaitu masa-masa berdoa, penyesalan, dan persiapan berkabung.\n\nReformasi Protestan adalah gerakan reformasi umat Kristiani Eropa yang menjadikan Protestantisme sebuah cabang tersendiri dalam Agama Kristen di masa itu. Gerakan ini bermula pada 1517 tatkala Martin Luther mempublikasikan Sembilan Puluh Lima Tesis, dan berakhir pada 1648 dengan Perjanjian Westphalia yang meredakan Perang agama di Eropa. Para pendahulu Martin Luther mencakup John Wycliffe dan Jan Hus, yang juga mencoba mereformasi Gereja Katolik. Reformasi Protestan berawal pada 31 Oktober 1517, di Wittenberg, Saxonia, tatkala Martin Luther memakukan Sembilan Puluh Lima Tesis mengenai Kuasa dan Efikasi Indulgensi pada daun pintu Gereja Semua Orang Kudus (yang berfungsi sebagai papan-pengumuman universitas di masa itu), tesis-tesis tersebut memperdebatkan dan mengkritisi Gereja dan Sri Paus, tetapi berkonsentrasi pada penjualan indulgensi-indulgensi dan kebijakan-kebijakan doktrinal mengenai Purgatorium, Pengadilan Partikular, Mariologi (devosi pada Maria, ibunda Yesus), perantaraan-doa dan devosi pada Orang-Orang Kudus, sebagian besar sakramen, keharusan selibat bagi rohaniwan, termasuk monastisisme, dan otoritas Sri Paus. Reformator-reformator lain, seperti Ulrich Zwingli, segera mengikuti teladan Martin Luther.\n\nDalam tradisi Kristen, Orang majus (dari bahasa Latin: magus) atau Orang Bijak juga Raja-raja dari Timur sering dianggap sebagai orang dari kerajaan Media, mungkin pendeta Zoroastrian, atau mungkin juga magi (bentuk plural dari magus) yang mengenal astrologi dari Persia kuno. Injil Matius menyatakan bahwa mereka datang dari timur ke Yerusalem untuk menyembah Kristus. Menurut Matius mereka berjalan dengan mengikuti sebuah bintang yang datang dan dikenal sebagai Bintang Betlehem. Saat mereka mendekati Yerusalem, Herodes mencoba menjebak mereka untuk memberitahun keberadaan Yesus, supaya Yesus dapat dihukum mati. Saat mereka menemukan Yesus, para orang bijak ini memberikan hadiah-hadiah, di antaranya adalah emas, kemenyan, dan mur.\n\nRaja-raja dari timur ini kemudian diperingatkan dalam mimpi oleh malaikat atas rencana jahat Herodes terhadap bayi Yesus dan akhirnya mereka memutuskan untuk pulang melalui jalur yang berbeda. Hal ini menyebabkan Herodes bertindak untuk membunuh semua anak kecil di Betlehem sebagai usaha untuk menggagalkan nubuatan mengenai raja yang baru lahir dan menghilangkan saingan yang dianggapnya akan merebut tahtanya. Namun pada saat pembantaian tersebut, orang tua Yesus telah diperingatkan oleh malaikat untuk mengungsi ke Mesir hingga Herodes mati.\n\nDaniel 11 adalah bagian dari Kitab Daniel dalam Alkitab Ibrani atau Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Berisi riwayat Daniel yang berada di Babel pada abad ke-6 SM. Pasal ini terdiri dari 45 ayat, merupakan kelanjutan dari pasal 10 dan bersambung ke pasal 12 dan berfokus pada penglihatan yang diterima Daniel pada tahun ketiga pemerintahan Koresh, raja orang Persia. Nubuat dalam pasal ini dapat dilihat penggenapannya secara akurat dalam sejarah dengan bukti-bukti catatan dari Yunani dan Romawi.\n\nDi dalam ini telah dinubuatkan tentang raja-raja Persia, Makedonia, Seleukia, Mesir, mulai dari Raja Kambisus, Bardiya, Darius, dan Ahasyweros; Aleksander Agung dan jenderal-jenderalnya, hingga Antiokhos III dan Antiokhos IV.\n\nKategori:Portal:Kristen\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Allah Roh Kudus","translated_text":"God of the Holy Spirit","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Allah Roh Kudus adalah pribadi Tuhan dalam konsep Tritunggal.","translated_text":"God the Holy Spirit is the person of God in the concept of the Trinity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Allah Roh Kudus (dalam bahasa Ibrani רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh) hanya dipercayai oleh umat Kristiani dan adalah Pribadi penolong yang memimpin kita, dalam bentuk Roh (pneuma bhs.","translated_text":"The God of the Holy Spirit (Hebrew רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh) is believed only by Christians and is the personal helper who guides us, in the form of the Spirit (pneuma bhs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yunani: πνεύμα) yang dijanjikan oleh Yesus sebelum kenaikannya ke surga (tertulis dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul 1:6-9).","translated_text":"Greek: πνεύμα) promised by Jesus before his ascension to heaven (written in Acts 1:6-9).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut ajaran Kristiani, seorang Kristen memiliki Roh Kudus di dalam dirinya.","translated_text":"According to Christian teaching, a Christian has the Holy Spirit within him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Roh tersebut berfungsi sebagai penolong, pemimpin, penghibur, dan teman yang setia.","translated_text":"It serves as a helper, a leader, a comforter, and a faithful companion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Roh Kudus menuntun umat Kristiani agar hidup sejalan dengan kehendak Tuhan.","translated_text":"The holy spirit guides Christians to live in harmony with God's will.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Roh Kudus juga merupakan penghubung antara umat Kristiani dengan Tuhannya.","translated_text":"The Holy Spirit is also a link between Christians and their Lord.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gereja Katedral Jakarta","translated_text":"Cathedral Church of Jakarta","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Katedral Jakarta (nama resmi: Santa Maria Pelindung Diangkat Ke Surga, De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming) adalah sebuah gereja di Jakarta.","translated_text":"The Cathedral Church of Jakarta (official name: Santa Maria Pelotung Diangkat ke Surga, De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming) is a church located in Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gedung gereja ini diresmikan pada 1901 dan dibangun dengan arsitektur neo-gotik dari Eropa, yakni arsitektur yang sangat lazim digunakan untuk membangun gedung gereja beberapa abad yang lalu.","translated_text":"The church building was inaugurated in 1901 and was built in the neo-Gothic architecture of Europe, a very common architecture used to build church buildings a few centuries ago.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja yang sekarang ini dirancang dan dimulai oleh Pastor Antonius Dijkmans dan peletakan batu pertamanya dilakukan oleh Provicaris Carolus Wenneker.","translated_text":"The present church was designed and started by Pastor Antonius Dijkmans and its first stone laying was carried out by Provicaris Carolus Wenneker.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pekerjaan ini kemudian dilanjutkan oleh Cuypers-Hulswit ketika Dijkmans tidak bisa melanjutkannya, dan kemudian diresmikan dan diberkati pada 21 April 1901 oleh Mgr. Edmundus Sybradus Luypen, SJ, Vikaris Apostolik Jakarta.","translated_text":"This work was then continued by Cuypers-Hulswit when Dijkmans could not continue, and was then inaugurated and blessed on 21 April 1901 by Mgr. Edmundus Sybradus Luypen, SJ, Vicar Apostolic of Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Paskah","translated_text":"Easter","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Paskah ( atau Paskha) adalah perayaan terpenting dalam tahun liturgi gerejawi| Kristen.","translated_text":"Easter (or Paskha) is the most important celebration in the Christian liturgical year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagi umat Kristen, Paskah identik dengan Yesus, yang oleh Paulus disebut sebagai \"anak domba Paskah\"; jemaat Kristen mula-mula hingga saat ini percaya bahwa Yesus disalibkan, mati dan dikuburkan, dan pada hari yang ketiga bangkit dari antara orang mati.","translated_text":"For Christians, Easter is identical to Jesus, whom Paul called \"the Passover lamb\"; the early Christian congregation still believes that Jesus was crucified, died, and buried, and on the third day rose from the dead.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paskah merayakan hari kebangkitan tersebut dan merupakan perayaan yang terpenting karena memperingati peristiwa yang paling sakral dalam hidup Yesus.","translated_text":"Passover celebrated that resurrection day and was an important celebration because it commemorated the most sacred event in Jesus' life.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Paskah juga merujuk pada masa di dalam kalender gereja yang disebut masa Paskah, yaitu masa yang dulu dirayakan selama empat puluh hari sejak Minggu Paskah (puncak dari Pekan Suci) hingga hari Kenaikan Yesus namun sekarang masa tersebut resmi diperpanjang hingga lima puluh hari, yaitu sampai dengan hari Pentakosta (yang artinya \"hari kelima puluh\" - hari ke-50 setelah Paskah, terjadi peristiwa turunnya Roh Kudus).","translated_text":"Passover also refers to the time in the church calendar called the Passover season, a period of forty days from Easter Sunday (the high point of Holy Week) to the day of Jesus' Ascension but now officially extended to fifty days, that is, until the day of Pentecost (meaning \"fifty days\" - the 50th day after the Passover, the event of the descent of the Holy Spirit).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Minggu pertama di dalam masa Paskah dinamakan Oktaf Paskah oleh Gereja Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"The first week in the Easter season is called the Easter Octave by the Roman Catholic Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hari Paskah juga mengakhiri perayaan Pra-Paskah yang dimulai sejak empat puluh hari sebelum Kamis Suci, yaitu masa-masa berdoa, penyesalan, dan persiapan berkabung.","translated_text":"The Passover also marked the end of the Pre-Passover celebration that began forty days before Holy Thursday, a time of prayer, repentance, and mourning preparations.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Reformasi Protestan","translated_text":"The Protestant Reformation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Reformasi Protestan adalah gerakan reformasi umat Kristiani Eropa yang menjadikan Protestantisme sebuah cabang tersendiri dalam Agama Kristen di masa itu.","translated_text":"The Protestant Reformation was a European Christian reform movement that made Protestantism a separate branch of Christianity at the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gerakan ini bermula pada 1517 tatkala Martin Luther mempublikasikan Sembilan Puluh Lima Tesis, dan berakhir pada 1648 dengan Perjanjian Westphalia yang meredakan Perang agama di Eropa.","translated_text":"The movement began in 1517 when Martin Luther published his Ninety-five Theses, and ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia that eased the Wars of Religion in Europe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para pendahulu Martin Luther mencakup John Wycliffe dan Jan Hus, yang juga mencoba mereformasi Gereja Katolik.","translated_text":"Martin Luther's predecessors included John Wycliffe and Jan Hus, who also tried to reform the Catholic Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reformasi Protestan berawal pada 31 Oktober 1517, di Wittenberg, Saxonia, tatkala Martin Luther memakukan Sembilan Puluh Lima Tesis mengenai Kuasa dan Efikasi Indulgensi pada daun pintu Gereja Semua Orang Kudus (yang berfungsi sebagai papan-pengumuman universitas di masa itu), tesis-tesis tersebut memperdebatkan dan mengkritisi Gereja dan Sri Paus, tetapi berkonsentrasi pada penjualan indulgensi-indulgensi dan kebijakan-kebijakan doktrinal mengenai Purgatorium, Pengadilan Partikular, Mariologi (devosi pada Maria, ibunda Yesus), perantaraan-doa dan devosi pada Orang-Orang Kudus, sebagian besar sakramen, keharusan selibat bagi rohaniwan, termasuk monastisisme, dan otoritas Sri Paus.","translated_text":"The Protestant Reformation began on October 31, 1517, in Wittenberg, Saxony, when Martin Luther affirmed the Ninety-five Theses on the Power and Efficiency of Indulgence on the door-leaf of the Church of All Saints (which served as university billboards at the time), the theses debated and criticized the Church and the Pope, but concentrated on the sale of indulgences and doctrinal policies concerning Purgatory, the Particular Court, Mariology (devotion to Mary, mother of Jesus), intercession and devotion to the Saints, most sacraments, the necessity of celibacy for spiritualists, including monasticism, and the authority of the Pope.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Reformator","translated_text":"The Reformers","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-reformator lain, seperti Ulrich Zwingli, segera mengikuti teladan Martin Luther.","translated_text":"- Other reformers, like Ulrich Zwingli, soon followed Martin Luther's example.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Orang-orang Majus dari Timur","translated_text":"The Magi from the East","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam tradisi Kristen, Orang majus (dari bahasa Latin: magus) atau Orang Bijak juga Raja-raja dari Timur sering dianggap sebagai orang dari kerajaan Media, mungkin pendeta Zoroastrian, atau mungkin juga magi (bentuk plural dari magus) yang mengenal astrologi dari Persia kuno.","translated_text":"In Christian tradition, the Magus (from Latin: magus) or the Wise Men also Kings of the East were often regarded as persons from the kingdom of Media, perhaps Zoroastrian priests, or perhaps also magi (plural forms of magus) who knew astrology from ancient Persia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Injil Matius menyatakan bahwa mereka datang dari timur ke Yerusalem untuk menyembah Kristus.","translated_text":"Matthew's Gospel states that they came from the east to Jerusalem to worship Christ.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut Matius mereka berjalan dengan mengikuti sebuah bintang yang datang dan dikenal sebagai Bintang Betlehem.","translated_text":"According to Matthew, they followed a rising star known as the Star of Bethlehem.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat mereka mendekati Yerusalem, Herodes mencoba menjebak mereka untuk memberitahun keberadaan Yesus, supaya Yesus dapat dihukum mati.","translated_text":"As they approached Jerusalem, Herod tried to trap them so that he could put Jesus to death.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat mereka menemukan Yesus, para orang bijak ini memberikan hadiah-hadiah, di antaranya adalah emas, kemenyan, dan mur.","translated_text":"When they found Jesus, these wise men gave gifts, including gold, incense, and myrrh.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Raja-raja dari timur ini kemudian diperingatkan dalam mimpi oleh malaikat atas rencana jahat Herodes terhadap bayi Yesus dan akhirnya mereka memutuskan untuk pulang melalui jalur yang berbeda.","translated_text":"These eastern kings were then warned in a dream by an angel of Herod's evil plan against the infant Jesus and finally decided to go home by a different route.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini menyebabkan Herodes bertindak untuk membunuh semua anak kecil di Betlehem sebagai usaha untuk menggagalkan nubuatan mengenai raja yang baru lahir dan menghilangkan saingan yang dianggapnya akan merebut tahtanya.","translated_text":"This prompted Herod to act to kill all the young children in Bethlehem in an attempt to thwart the prophecy about a newborn king and eliminate a rival he thought would seize his throne.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun pada saat pembantaian tersebut, orang tua Yesus telah diperingatkan oleh malaikat untuk mengungsi ke Mesir hingga Herodes mati.","translated_text":"But at the time of the massacre, Jesus' parents had been warned by an angel to flee to Egypt until Herod's death.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daniel 11","translated_text":"Daniel 11","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daniel 11 adalah bagian dari Kitab Daniel dalam Alkitab Ibrani atau Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen.","translated_text":"Daniel 11 is part of the Book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament of the Christian Bible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berisi riwayat Daniel yang berada di Babel pada abad ke-6 SM.","translated_text":"Contains a history of Daniel in Babylon in the sixth century B.C.E.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pasal ini terdiri dari 45 ayat, merupakan kelanjutan dari pasal 10 dan bersambung ke pasal 12 dan berfokus pada penglihatan yang diterima Daniel pada tahun ketiga pemerintahan Koresh, raja orang Persia.","translated_text":"This 45-page article is a continuation of chapter 10 and a link to chapter 12 and focuses on the visions that Daniel received in the third year of the reign of the Persian king Cyrus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nubuat dalam pasal ini dapat dilihat penggenapannya secara akurat dalam sejarah dengan bukti-bukti catatan dari Yunani dan Romawi.","translated_text":"The prophecy in this chapter can be seen to have been fulfilled with historical accuracy by evidence from Greek and Roman records.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di dalam ini telah dinubuatkan tentang raja-raja Persia, Makedonia, Seleukia, Mesir, mulai dari Raja Kambisus, Bardiya, Darius, dan Ahasyweros;","translated_text":"In it was prophesied concerning the kings of Persia, Macedonia, Seleucia, Egypt, and Cambys, Bardea, Darius, and Ahasuerus;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aleksander Agung dan jenderal-jenderalnya, hingga Antiokhos III dan Antiokhos IV.","translated_text":"Alexander the Great and his generals, until Antiochus III and Antiochus IV.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Portal:Kristen","translated_text":"Categories:Public health and health","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Rumpun bahasa Slavik","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Rumpun bahasa Slavia]]","hash":"9bcbf182f666b378ca32784ab8f30ee9f65b2f9b734e13015b55f71e7ee2d8f7","last_revision":"2010-10-27T09:51:56Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:51:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.776236","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Rumpun bahasa Slavia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Rumpun bahasa Slavia","translated_text":"ALI of the Slavic language","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bahasa Slavik Timur","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Rumpun bahasa Slavia Timur]]","hash":"1df81254cd21988c069bca3f39293903b86b3a246d46c0f972cbe9634692d7de","last_revision":"2019-04-20T14:02:12Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:52:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.835989","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Rumpun bahasa Slavia Timur\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Rumpun bahasa Slavia Timur","translated_text":"THE origin of the East Slavic language","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bahasa Slavik Selatan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Rumpun bahasa Slavia Selatan]]","hash":"062ae2f6dd4a7c64af00588516c19aeaded09c009d89977f3fdc1ab2c3856bd3","last_revision":"2019-04-20T14:02:58Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:52:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.899945","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Rumpun bahasa Slavia Selatan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Rumpun bahasa Slavia Selatan","translated_text":"THE language of the South Slavic people","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Suku Slavia","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Suku bangsa Slavia]]","hash":"920f4d35b07edf9f8f469fabddc5d7ff7c11dcdf310e15b5b02f89ebee5e23c9","last_revision":"2023-07-10T08:41:27Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:54:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:42.970390","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Suku bangsa Slavia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Suku bangsa Slavia","translated_text":"THE tribe of the Slavs","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Slavik","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Slavia]]","hash":"b7cdea2641f780a576a56f0a18e17b103b9cf2a61d822ea01505995d55da7312","last_revision":"2010-10-27T09:54:49Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:54:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.021388","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Slavia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Slavia","translated_text":"The Slavs","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Slavik","wikicode":"=== Slavia ===\nTolong dialihkan:\n* {{kt|Bahasa Slavik}} -> {{kt|Rumpun bahasa Slavia}}\n*: {{Status/Usul|Done}}\n* {{kt|Nama Slavik}} -> {{kt|Nama Slavia}}\n*: {{Status/Usul|Done}}\n* [[Bahasa Slavik Barat]] -> [[Bahasa Slavia Barat]]\n*: {{Status/Usul|Done}}\n::{{done}} — [[User:Tjmoel|'''Tjmoel''']] [[Berkas:Icons-flag-id.png|link=:id:User talk:Tjmoel]] [[User talk:Tjmoel| bicara]] 11:06, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","hash":"0e22bb3ef79f0add8c727d9ed56fc119901b92371aaf2d622ba7abfd50612dff","last_revision":"2017-02-10T04:33:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T09:57:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.073618","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Tolong dialihkan: ->\n\n->\n\nBahasa Slavik Barat -> Bahasa Slavia Barat\n\n— Tjmoel bicara 11:06, 3 November 2010 (UTC)\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Slavia","translated_text":"Slavery","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tolong dialihkan: ->","translated_text":"Please move: ->","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":">","translated_text":"♪ I know ♪","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahasa Slavik Barat -> Bahasa Slavia Barat","translated_text":"Western Slavic language -> Western Slavic language","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"— Tjmoel bicara 11:06, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":" ⁇ Tjmoel speaking at 11:06, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Kategori:Sultan Ottoman","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Ottoman]]","hash":"2ee1f97dd27b4ed5a9bf90d7b0009b662c0f3c80d2f541dd8ee1a92ff03efc9d","last_revision":"2010-10-27T10:00:07Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:00:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.128524","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Ottoman\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Ottoman","translated_text":"ALIH Wikipedia:Ottoman proposal for the abolition","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Templat:Spoiler","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Spoiler]]","hash":"5ff6da48e773eeaeefd0ebf45767f5405b49399a71bcc5540be39628cc31a015","last_revision":"2010-10-27T10:00:07Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:00:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.189308","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Spoiler\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Spoiler","translated_text":"Wikipedia:Deleted proposal/Spoiler","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Bahasa Ceska","wikicode":"{{artikel utama}}\n{{Commonscat|Czech language}}\n\n[[Kategori:Bahasa di Ceko]]\n[[Kategori:Bahasa Slavia Barat|Ceska]]","hash":"266fedcc637e5982297bfd69bacefa3441d4632d3a7cf24679903bfe14ce640b","last_revision":"2019-06-30T15:50:49Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:10:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.250409","cross_lingual_links":{"ab":"Акатегориа:Ачех бызшәа","an":"Categoría:Idioma checo","ar":"تصنيف:لغة تشيكية","az":"Kateqoriya:Çex dili","bar":"Kategorie:Tschechische Sprache","be":"Катэгорыя:Чэшская мова","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Чэская мова","bg":"Категория:Чешки език","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:চেক ভাষা","br":"Rummad:Tchekeg","ca":"Categoria:Txec","ckb":"پۆل:زمانی چیکی","cs":"Kategorie:Čeština","csb":"Kategòrëjô:Czesczi jãzëk","cv":"Категори:Чех чĕлхи","cy":"Categori:Tsieceg","da":"Kategori:Tjekkisk sprog","de":"Kategorie:Tschechische Sprache","dsb":"Kategorija:Češćina","en":"Category:Czech language","eo":"Kategorio:Ĉeĥa lingvo","es":"Categoría:Idioma checo","eu":"Kategoria:Txekiera","fa":"رده:زبان چکی","fi":"Luokka:Tšekin kieli","fr":"Catégorie:Langue tchèque","fy":"Kategory:Tsjechysk","gl":"Categoría:Lingua checa","gv":"Ronney:Sheckish","he":"קטגוריה:צ'כית","hsb":"Kategorija:Čěšćina","hu":"Kategória:Cseh nyelv","hy":"Կատեգորիա:Չեխերեն","it":"Categoria:Lingua ceca","ja":"Category:チェコ語","jv":"Kategori:Basa Céko","ka":"კატეგორია:ჩეხური ენა","ko":"분류:체코어","la":"Categoria:Lingua Bohemica","lb":"Kategorie:Tschechesch Sprooch","lmo":"Categoria:Lengua ceca","lv":"Kategorija:Čehu valoda","mhr":"Категорий:Чех йылме","mk":"Категорија:Чешки јазик","mn":"Ангилал:Чех хэл","nl":"Categorie:Tsjechisch","nn":"Kategori:Tsjekkisk språk","nb":"Kategori:Tsjekkisk","oc":"Categoria:Lenga chèca","pl":"Kategoria:Język czeski","pt":"Categoria:Língua tcheca","ro":"Categorie:Limba cehă","ru":"Категория:Чешский язык","sh":"Kategorija:Češki jezik","sk":"Kategória:Čeština","sl":"Kategorija:Češčina","smn":"Luokka:Tšeekikielâ","sq":"Kategoria:Gjuha çeke","sr":"Категорија:Чешки језик","sv":"Kategori:Tjeckiska","tr":"Kategori:Çekçe","uk":"Категорія:Чеська мова","ur":"زمرہ:چیک زبان","uz":"Turkum:Chex tili","vep":"Kategorii:Čehan kel'","vi":"Thể loại:Tiếng Séc","zh":"Category:捷克语","zh-yue":"Category:捷克文"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Kategori:Bahasa di Ceko Ceska\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Bahasa di Ceko Ceska","translated_text":"Categories:Language in Czech","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Ornitina","wikicode":"[[Berkas:L-Ornithin2.svg|jmpl|ka|300px|Struktur kimiawi Ornitina]]\n'''Ornitina''' ({{lang-en|ornithine, diaminovaleric acid}}) adalah [[asam amino]] non-esensial hasil [[reaksi kimiawi|reaksi]] [[hidrolisis]] [[arginina]] oleh [[enzim]] [[arginase]] pada [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[katabolisme]] dalam [[siklus urea]]. Meskipun berupa asam amino, ornitina tidak memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik, sehingga tidak terdapat lintasan [[transkripsi]] [[mRNA|genetik]] pada sintesis [[senyawa organik]] ini, dan tidak terdapat [[protein]] yang memiliki ornitina pada rangkaian [[peptida]]nya.\n\nOrnitina dapat terkonversi menjadi [[sitrulina]], atau memasuki [[lintasan dekomposisi]] dengan melepaskan [[gugus fungsional|gugus]] [[karbon dioksida|CO2]] menjadi [[putresina]] pada proses pembusukan.[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ornithine\n| title = ornithine\n| accessdate = 2010-10-27\n| work = Farlex free dictionary\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n{{Asam amino}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Asam amino]]","hash":"ad2484179921ccc898974c9cde8417738c39e6db5c06149fa8c534a6ce3243f0","last_revision":"2021-07-13T06:41:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:10:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.312922","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أورنيثين","azb":"اورنیتین","bn":"অরনিথিন","bs":"Ornitin","ca":"Ornitina","cs":"Ornitin","de":"Ornithin","el":"Ορνιθίνη","en":"Ornithine","es":"Ornitina","fa":"اورنیتین","fi":"Ornitiini","fr":"Ornithine","gl":"Ornitina","hu":"Ornitin","hy":"Օրնիթին","it":"Ornitina","ja":"オルニチン","ko":"오르니틴","la":"Ornithinum","ms":"Ornitina","nl":"Ornithine","pl":"Ornityna","pt":"Ornitina","ro":"Ornitină","ru":"Орнитин","sh":"Ornitin","sk":"Ornitín","sr":"Ornitin","sv":"Ornitin","ta":"ஆர்னிதின்","uk":"Орнітин","vi":"Ornithine","zh":"鳥胺酸"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Ornitina () adalah asam amino non-esensial hasil reaksi hidrolisis arginina oleh enzim arginase pada lintasan katabolisme dalam siklus urea. Meskipun berupa asam amino, ornitina tidak memiliki berkas genetik, sehingga tidak terdapat lintasan transkripsi genetik pada sintesis senyawa organik ini, dan tidak terdapat protein yang memiliki ornitina pada rangkaian peptidanya.\n\nOrnitina dapat terkonversi menjadi sitrulina, atau memasuki lintasan dekomposisi dengan melepaskan gugus CO2 menjadi putresina pada proses pembusukan.\n\nKategori:Asam amino\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ornitina () adalah asam amino non-esensial hasil reaksi hidrolisis arginina oleh enzim arginase pada lintasan katabolisme dalam siklus urea.","translated_text":"Ornitine () is a non-essential amino acid resulting from the hydrolysis reaction of arginine by the enzyme arginase on the catabolism pathway in the urea cycle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun berupa asam amino, ornitina tidak memiliki berkas genetik, sehingga tidak terdapat lintasan transkripsi genetik pada sintesis senyawa organik ini, dan tidak terdapat protein yang memiliki ornitina pada rangkaian peptidanya.","translated_text":"Although it is an amino acid, ornithine does not have a genetic file, so there is no genetic transcription pathway in the synthesis of these organic compounds, and there is no protein that has ornithine in its peptide sequence.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ornitina dapat terkonversi menjadi sitrulina, atau memasuki lintasan dekomposisi dengan melepaskan gugus CO2 menjadi putresina pada proses pembusukan.","translated_text":"Ornitine can be converted to citrulline, or enter the decomposition trajectory by releasing a group of CO2 into putressine in the decomposition process.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ornithine | title = ornithine | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Farlex free dictionary }}]","char_index":150,"name":null,"url":"http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ornithine","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":48917,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.966232-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74072265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Asam amino","translated_text":"Category:Amino acids","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Ornitina dapat terkonversi menjadi sitrulina, atau memasuki lintasan dekomposisi dengan melepaskan gugus CO2 menjadi putresina pada proses pembusukan.","translated_text":"Ornitine can be converted to citrulline, or enter the decomposition trajectory by releasing a group of CO2 into putressine in the decomposition process.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ornithine | title = ornithine | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Farlex free dictionary }}]","char_index":150,"name":null,"url":"http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ornithine","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":48917,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:09.966232-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74072265625}]}]}
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+{"title":"Wikipedia:Usulan penghapusan/Pindah kategori","wikicode":"=== Pindah kategori ===\n* {{kt|Bahasa Ceko}} -> {{kt|Bahasa Ceska}}\n*: {{Status/Usul|Done}}\n* {{kt|Bahasa Polandia}} -> {{kt|Bahasa Polski}}\n*: {{Status/Usul|Done}}\n\nStandardisasi '\"[[:Kategori:Pemusik|Pemusik]]\"'\n\n* {{kt|Pemusik Jazz}} -> {{kt|Pemusik jazz}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n[http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istimewa%3APencarian&search=intitle%3AMusisi&go=Tuju+ke]\n* {{kt|Musisi punk rock}} -> {{kt|Pemusik punk rock}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n* {{kt|Musisi Dance Indonesia}} -> {{kt|Pemusik Dance Indonesia}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n[http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istimewa%3APencarian&search=intitle%3AMusikus&go=Tuju+ke]\n* {{kt|Musikus gay}} -> {{kt|Pemusik gay}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n* {{kt|Musikus klasik}} -> {{kt|Pemusik klasik}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n* {{kt|Musikus menurut genre}} -> {{kt|Pemusik menurut genre}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n* {{kt|Daftar penghargaan menurut musikus}} -> {{kt|Daftar penghargaan menurut pemusik}} {{status/Usul|Done}}\n{{done}} - — [[User:Tjmoel|'''Tjmoel''']] [[Berkas:Icons-flag-id.png|link=:id:User talk:Tjmoel]] [[User talk:Tjmoel| bicara]] 07:42, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","hash":"38cf95559561f7cd5fa5b1f96d0dd1223f3956cbeb1e80a29dfaddce81d3610e","last_revision":"2017-02-10T04:24:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:13:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.423314","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"->\n\n->\n\nStandardisasi '\"Pemusik\"'\n\n->\n\n-> ->\n\n-> -> -> -> - — Tjmoel bicara 07:42, 3 November 2010 (UTC)\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Pindah kategori","translated_text":"Changing categories","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":">","translated_text":"♪ I know ♪","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":">","translated_text":"♪ I know ♪","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Standardisasi '\"Pemusik\"'","translated_text":"Standardization of \"musicians\"","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":">","translated_text":"♪ I know ♪","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-> ->","translated_text":"- What?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-> -> -> -> - — Tjmoel bicara 07:42, 3 November 2010 (UTC)","translated_text":"I'm going to tell you what I'm doing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Asam diaminovalerat","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Ornitina]]","hash":"5253bfe25e711dfe202f804664df32a5b3c5a578886899243414ddbdb9fcdfb2","last_revision":"2010-10-27T10:14:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:14:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.479450","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Ornitina\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Ornitina","translated_text":"What about Ornitina?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Ornintina","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Ornitina]]","hash":"5253bfe25e711dfe202f804664df32a5b3c5a578886899243414ddbdb9fcdfb2","last_revision":"2010-10-27T10:15:55Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:15:55Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.530766","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Ornitina\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Ornitina","translated_text":"What about Ornitina?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang Leo","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Leo]]\n|name=Bintang Leo\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|list1=[[Kappa Leonis|κ (Al Minliar al Asad)]] • [[Omega Leonis|ω]] • [[3 Leonis|3]] • [[Lambda Leonis|λ (Alterf)]] • [[Xi Leonis|ξ]] • [[6 Leonis|6]] • [[7 Leonis|7]] • [[8 Leonis|8]] • [[9 Leonis|9]] • [[10 Leonis|10]] • [[11 Leonis|11]] • [[12 Leonis|12]] • [[13 Leonis|13]] • [[Omicron Leonis|ο (Subra)]] • [[15 Leonis|15]] • [[Psi Leonis|ψ]] • [[Epsilon Leonis|ε (Ras Elased Australis)]] • [[18 Leonis|18]] • [[19 Leonis|19]] • [[20 Leonis|20]] • [[21 Leonis|21]] • [[22 Leonis|22]] • [[23 Leonis|23]] • [[Mu Leonis|μ (Ras Elased Borealis)]] • [[26 Leonis|26]] • [[Nu Leonis|ν]] • [[Pi Leonis|π]] • [[Eta Leonis|η (Al Jabhah)]] • [[31 Leonis|31 (Yu Neu)]] • [[Regulus|α (Regulus)]] • [[33 Leonis|33]] • [[34 Leonis|34]] • [[35 Leonis|35]] • [[Zeta Leonis|ζ (Adhafera)]] • [[37 Leonis|37]] • [[39 Leonis|39]] • [[40 Leonis|40]] • [[Gamma Leonis|γ1 (Algieba)]] • [[42 Leonis|42]] • [[43 Leonis|43]] • [[44 Leonis|44]] • [[45 Leonis|45]] • [[46 Leonis|46]] • [[Rho Leonis|ρ (Shir)]] • [[48 Leonis|48]] • [[49 Leonis|49]] • [[50 Leonis|50]] • [[51 Leonis|51]] • [[52 Leonis|52]] • [[53 Leonis|53]] • [[54 Leonis|54]] • [[55 Leonis|55]] • [[56 Leonis|56]] • [[57 Leonis|57]] • [[58 Leonis|58]] • [[59 Leonis|59]] • [[60 Leonis|60]] • [[61 Leonis|61]] • [[62 Leonis|62]] • [[Chi Leonis|χ]] • [[64 Leonis|64]] • [[65 Leonis|65]] • [[66 Leonis|66]] • [[67 Leonis|67]] • [[Delta Leonis|δ (Zosma)]] • [[69 Leonis|69]] • [[Theta Leonis|θ (Chertan)]] • [[71 Leonis|71]] • [[72 Leonis|72 (Ho Peen)]] • [[73 Leonis|73]] • [[Phi Leonis|φ]] • [[75 Leonis|75]] • [[76 Leonis|76]] • [[Sigma Leonis|σ (Shishimai)]] • [[Iota Leonis|ι (Tsze Tseang)]] • [[79 Leonis|79]] • [[80 Leonis|80]] • [[81 Leonis|81]] • [[82 Leonis|82]] • [[83 Leonis|83]] • [[Tau Leonis|τ]] • [[85 Leonis|85]] • [[86 Leonis|86]] • [[87 Leonis|87]] • [[88 Leonis|88]] • [[89 Leonis|89]] • [[90 Leonis|90]] • [[Upsilon Leonis|υ]] • [[92 Leonis|92 (Chong Kwan)]] • [[93 Leonis|93 (Ta Tsze)]] • [[Beta Leonis|β (Denebola)]] • [[95 Leonis|95]]\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Leo|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"9175a0d16efae46bc62dfffea52905a1db64417fc2dac321d9a2bd17a29e1c04","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:21:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.586395","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bilirubin","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Bilirubin ZZ.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Struktur kimiawi Bilirubin.]]\n'''Bilirubin''' ({{lang-en|bilirubin, hematoidin}}) adalah [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] [[pigmen]] berwarna [[kuning]] yang merupakan produk [[katabolisme]] [[enzim]]atik [[biliverdin]] oleh [[biliverdin reduktase]]. [[Oksidasi]] bilirubin menghasilkan biliverdin kembali, hingga memberikan atribut [[antioksidan]] pada senyawa ini dalam [[fisiologi]] seluler,[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456881\n| title = Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant\n| accessdate = 2010-10-27\n| work = Departments of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baranano DE, Rao M, Ferris CD, Snyder SH.\n}}] selain [[glutathion|GSH]].\n\nBilirubin merupakan penghambat respon [[sel T|sel T CD4+]], tingginya rasio [[serum darah|serum]] bilirubin akan menginduksi [[apoptosis]] sel T CD4+ tersebut, sehingga bilirubin dianggap dapat menghentikan [[penyakit otoimun]] seperti [[sklerosis multipel]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641326\n| title = Bilirubin possesses powerful immunomodulatory activity and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis\n| accessdate = 2010-10-27\n| work = Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia; Liu Y, Li P, Lu J, Xiong W, Oger J, Tetzlaff W, Cynader M.\n}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Biokimia-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Antioksidan]]","hash":"4638adca79f22602e6a7858e50b8f1aa9535c629d5512e8107ad81555d03a8f9","last_revision":"2023-12-29T03:27:57Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:49:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.639659","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Bilirubien","ar":"بيليروبين","ary":"بيليروبين","azb":"بیلیروبین","be":"Білірубін","bg":"Билирубин","bn":"বিলিরুবিন","bs":"Bilirubin","ca":"Bilirubina","ckb":"بیلیڕووبین","cs":"Bilirubin","de":"Bilirubin","el":"Χολερυθρίνη","en":"Bilirubin","eo":"Bilirubino","es":"Bilirrubina","eu":"Bilirrubina","fa":"بیلیروبین","fi":"Bilirubiini","fr":"Bilirubine","ga":"Bilearúibin","gl":"Bilirrubina","he":"בילירובין","hi":"बिलीरुबिन","hr":"Bilirubin","hu":"Bilirubin","hy":"Բիլիռուբին","it":"Bilirubina","ja":"ビリルビン","jv":"Bilirubin","ka":"ბილირუბინი","ko":"빌리루빈","lt":"Bilirubinas","lv":"Bilirubīns","mk":"Билирубин","ml":"ബിലിറൂബിൻ","nds":"Bilirubin","nl":"Bilirubine","nb":"Bilirubin","pl":"Bilirubina","pnb":"بیلیروبن","pt":"Bilirrubina","ro":"Bilirubină","ru":"Билирубин","sh":"Bilirubin","simple":"Bilirubin","sk":"Bilirubín","sl":"Bilirubin","sq":"Bilirubina","sr":"Билирубин","sv":"Bilirubin","sw":"Bilirubini","ta":"பிலிருபின்","tg":"Билирубин","th":"บิลิรูบิน","tr":"Bilirübin","tt":"Билирубин","uk":"Білірубін","ur":"بیلیروبن","uz":"Bilirubin","vi":"Bilirubin","wuu":"胆红素","zh":"胆红素"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Bilirubin () adalah senyawa pigmen berwarna kuning yang merupakan produk katabolisme enzimatik biliverdin oleh biliverdin reduktase. Oksidasi bilirubin menghasilkan biliverdin kembali, hingga memberikan atribut antioksidan pada senyawa ini dalam fisiologi seluler, selain GSH.\n\nBilirubin merupakan penghambat respon sel T CD4+, tingginya rasio serum bilirubin akan menginduksi apoptosis sel T CD4⁺ tersebut, sehingga bilirubin dianggap dapat menghentikan penyakit otoimun seperti sklerosis multipel.\n\nKategori:Antioksidan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bilirubin () adalah senyawa pigmen berwarna kuning yang merupakan produk katabolisme enzimatik biliverdin oleh biliverdin reduktase.","translated_text":"Bilirubin () is a yellow pigment compound that is a product of the enzymatic catabolism of biliverdin by biliverdin reductase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oksidasi bilirubin menghasilkan biliverdin kembali, hingga memberikan atribut antioksidan pada senyawa ini dalam fisiologi seluler, selain GSH.","translated_text":"The oxidation of bilirubin produces biliverdin back, giving the compound antioxidant attributes in cellular physiology, in addition to GSH.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456881 | title = Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Departments of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baranano DE, Rao M, Ferris CD, Snyder SH. }}]","char_index":131,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456881","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209589,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.237165-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bilirubin merupakan penghambat respon sel T CD4+, tingginya rasio serum bilirubin akan menginduksi apoptosis sel T CD4⁺ tersebut, sehingga bilirubin dianggap dapat menghentikan penyakit otoimun seperti sklerosis multipel.","translated_text":"Bilirubin is an inhibitor of the CD4+ T cell response, its high serum bilirubin ratio will induce apoptosis of the CD4+ T cell, so bilirubin is thought to stop autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641326 | title = Bilirubin possesses powerful immunomodulatory activity and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia; Liu Y, Li P, Lu J, Xiong W, Oger J, Tetzlaff W, Cynader M. }}]","char_index":221,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641326","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":161264,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.736097-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8603515625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Antioksidan","translated_text":"Category:Antioxidants","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bilirubin () adalah senyawa pigmen berwarna kuning yang merupakan produk katabolisme enzimatik biliverdin oleh biliverdin reduktase. Oksidasi bilirubin menghasilkan biliverdin kembali, hingga memberikan atribut antioksidan pada senyawa ini dalam fisiologi seluler, selain GSH.","translated_text":"Bilirubin () is a yellow pigment compound that is a product of the enzymatic catabolism of biliverdin by biliverdin reductase. The oxidation of bilirubin produces biliverdin back, giving the compound antioxidant attributes in cellular physiology, in addition to GSH.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456881 | title = Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Departments of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baranano DE, Rao M, Ferris CD, Snyder SH. }}]","char_index":264,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12456881","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":209589,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.237165-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76806640625}]},{"text":"Bilirubin merupakan penghambat respon sel T CD4+, tingginya rasio serum bilirubin akan menginduksi apoptosis sel T CD4⁺ tersebut, sehingga bilirubin dianggap dapat menghentikan penyakit otoimun seperti sklerosis multipel.","translated_text":"Bilirubin is an inhibitor of the CD4+ T cell response, its high serum bilirubin ratio will induce apoptosis of the CD4+ T cell, so bilirubin is thought to stop autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641326 | title = Bilirubin possesses powerful immunomodulatory activity and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia; Liu Y, Li P, Lu J, Xiong W, Oger J, Tetzlaff W, Cynader M. }}]","char_index":221,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641326","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":161264,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:10.736097-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8603515625}]}]}
+{"title":"Hematoidin","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bilirubin]]","hash":"1aaf50d827b5c60fa76b47e329adfc9e7db628b9540e50c826078745e4cfae32","last_revision":"2010-10-27T10:51:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T10:51:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.695353","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bilirubin\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bilirubin","translated_text":"BILLIRUBINS are","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Iejima","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Ie in Okinawa Map.gif|jmpl|200px|Lokasi Iejima di Prefektur Okinawa.]]\n{{nihongo|'''Iejima'''|伊江島}} adalah [[pulau]] di bagian utara [[Pulau Okinawa]], [[Prefektur Okinawa]], [[Jepang]]. Pulau ini letaknya kira-kira 9 km barat daya [[Semenanjung Motobu]].[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}] {{nihongo|'''Desa Ie'''|伊江村|Ie-son}} menempati seluruh wilayah pulau seluas 22,73 km².[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":64,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":64,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":114,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2005, Iejima berpenduduk 5.110 orang.","translated_text":"In 2005, Iejima had a population of 5,110.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di tengah-tengah pulau agak ke timur terdapat Gunung Gusuku setinggi 172,2 m yang juga dapat dilihat dari Pulau Okinawa.","translated_text":"In the middle of the island slightly to the east is Mount Gusuku, a 172.2 m high mountain that can also be seen from Okinawa Island.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":120,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama lain untuk Gunung Husuku adalah Iejima Tatchū (I Tatchū).","translated_text":"Another name for Mount Husuku is Iejima Tatchū (I Tatchū).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mata pencaharian penduduk desa adalah pertanian dan perikanan.","translated_text":"The livelihoods of the villagers are agriculture and fishing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Iejima Ferry menghubungkan Iejima dengan Motobu, Pulau Okinawa.","translated_text":"The Iejima Ferry connects Iejima with Motobu, Okinawa Island.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perjalanan dengan feri antara Iejima dan Teluk Motobu di Pulau Okinawa ditempuh dalam waktu 30 menit.","translated_text":"The ferry journey between Iejima and Motobu Bay on Okinawa Island takes about 30 minutes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":101,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, pulau ini populer sebagai tujuan wisata pulang hari.","translated_text":"Because of this, the island is popular as a day-trip destination.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Iejima masih banyak terdapat sisa bangunan dan benda-benda peninggalan Perang Dunia II.","translated_text":"In Iejima there are still many remains of buildings and relics of World War II.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Iejima terdapat 8 perkampungan: Kawahira, Higashieue, Higashiemae, Nishiemae, Nishieue, Ara, Maja, dan Nishizaki.","translated_text":"In Iejima there are 8 villages: Kawahira, Higashieue, Higashiemae, Nishiemae, Nishieue, Ara, Maja, and Nishizaki.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terminal feri terdapat di dekat perkampungan Kawahira yang merupakan pusat kegiatan Iejima.","translated_text":"The ferry terminal is located near the village of Kawahira which is the centre of Iejima's activities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di bagian tengah pulau terdapat Bandar Udara Iejima.","translated_text":"In the central part of the island is Iejima Airport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lapangan Udara Ie Shima milik United States Forces Japan berada di bagian barat daya pulau.","translated_text":"United States Forces Japan's Ie Shima Airfield is located in the southwestern part of the island.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kisah nyata pesawat terbang delegasi Jepang yang tiba di Ie Shima I Lost My Only Son in the War: Prelude to the Okinawan Anti-Base Movement Beggars' Belief: The Farmers' Resistance Movement on Iejima Island, Okinawa","translated_text":"The true story of the Japanese delegation plane landing at Ie Shima I Lost My Only Son in the War: Prelude to the Okinawan Anti-Base Movement Beggars' Belief: The Farmers' Resistance Movement on Iejima Island, Okinawa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Prefektur Okinawa","translated_text":"Category:Prefecture of Okinawa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"adalah pulau di bagian utara Pulau Okinawa, Prefektur Okinawa, Jepang. Pulau ini letaknya kira-kira 9 km barat daya Semenanjung Motobu. menempati seluruh wilayah pulau seluas 22,73 km².","translated_text":"is an island in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The island is located about 9 km southwest of the Motobu Peninsula. It occupies a total island area of 22.73 km2.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":135,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":135,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":185,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di tengah-tengah pulau agak ke timur terdapat Gunung Gusuku setinggi 172,2 m yang juga dapat dilihat dari Pulau Okinawa.","translated_text":"In the middle of the island slightly to the east is Mount Gusuku, a 172.2 m high mountain that can also be seen from Okinawa Island.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":120,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Iejima Ferry menghubungkan Iejima dengan Motobu, Pulau Okinawa. Perjalanan dengan feri antara Iejima dan Teluk Motobu di Pulau Okinawa ditempuh dalam waktu 30 menit.","translated_text":"The Iejima Ferry connects Iejima with Motobu, Okinawa Island. The ferry journey between Iejima and Motobu Bay on Okinawa Island takes about 30 minutes.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=いま伊江島|url=http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|date=|work=|publisher=Asosiasi Pariwisata Iejima|accessdate=2010-10-27|archive-date=2010-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022102227/http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":165,"name":"ima","url":"http://iekanko.jp/modules/xpress/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":20098,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:11.693947-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Ie-jima","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Iejima]]","hash":"cebcf181f2e4c8435cf616a1ca064053918e0e09aa6abf501938d063e018185f","last_revision":"2010-10-27T11:50:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T11:50:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.804377","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Iejima\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Iejima","translated_text":"IJima's night","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Prefektur Okinawa","wikicode":"{{Artikel utama|Prefektur Okinawa}}\n{{Commons category|Okinawa prefecture}}\n{{Okinawa}}\n\n[[Kategori:Prefektur di Jepang|Okinawa]]\n[[Kategori:Wilayah Kyushu|Okinawa]]\n[[Kategori:Kepulauan Ryukyu]]","hash":"ebd3d581cda1d38dcdd6cfdd03a273d8e43a607341f09736f2c817d979869f33","last_revision":"2020-05-04T10:32:49Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T11:59:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.868863","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تصنيف:محافظة أوكيناوا","arz":"تصنيف:محافظه اوكيناوا","az":"Kateqoriya:Okinava prefekturası","be":"Катэгорыя:Акінава (прэфектура)","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:ওকিনাওয়া প্রশাসনিক অঞ্চল","ca":"Categoria:Prefectura d'Okinawa","ckb":"پۆل:پارێزگای ئۆکیناوا","cs":"Kategorie:Prefektura Okinawa","cy":"Categori:Talaith Okinawa","de":"Kategorie:Präfektur Okinawa","en":"Category:Okinawa Prefecture","eo":"Kategorio:Gubernio Okinavo","es":"Categoría:Prefectura de Okinawa","et":"Kategooria:Okinawa prefektuur","eu":"Kategoria:Okinawa prefektura","fa":"رده:استان اوکیناوا","fi":"Luokka:Okinawan prefektuuri","fr":"Catégorie:Préfecture d'Okinawa","ga":"Catagóir:Okinawa","gl":"Categoría:Prefectura de Okinawa","he":"קטגוריה:מחוז אוקינאווה","hu":"Kategória:Okinava prefektúra","it":"Categoria:Prefettura di Okinawa","ja":"Category:沖縄県","ko":"분류:오키나와현","la":"Categoria:Okinawaënsis","lt":"Kategorija:Okinavos prefektūra","mk":"Категорија:Окинава (префектура)","mn":"Ангилал:Окинава аймаг","ms":"Kategori:Wilayah Okinawa","nl":"Categorie:Prefectuur Okinawa","nb":"Kategori:Okinawa prefektur","pl":"Kategoria:Prefektura Okinawa","pt":"Categoria:Okinawa","ru":"Категория:Префектура Окинава","si":"ප්රවර්ගය:ඔකිනාවා ප්රාන්තය","simple":"Category:Okinawa Prefecture","sk":"Kategória:Prefektúra Okinawa","sv":"Kategori:Okinawa prefektur","sw":"Jamii:Mkoa wa Okinawa","tg":"Гурӯҳ:Префектураи Окинава","th":"หมวดหมู่:จังหวัดโอกินาวะ","tl":"Kategorya:Prepekturang Okinawa","tr":"Kategori:Okinawa (prefektörlük)","uk":"Категорія:Префектура Окінава","ur":"زمرہ:اوکیناوا پریفیکچر","vep":"Kategorii:Okinavan prefektur","vi":"Thể loại:Okinawa","war":"Kaarangay:Okinawa (prefektura)","zh":"Category:沖繩縣","zh-classical":"分類:沖繩縣","zh-min-nan":"Lūi-pia̍t:Okinawa-koān","zh-yue":"Category:沖繩縣"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Okinawa Okinawa Kategori:Kepulauan Ryukyu\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Okinawa Okinawa Kategori:Kepulauan Ryukyu","translated_text":"Okinawa Okinawa Category:Ryukyu Islands","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Biliverdin","wikicode":"'''Biliverdin''' adalah [[senyawa organik|senyawa]] [[pigmen]] [[empedu]] dari keluarga [[porpirin]] hasil [[lintasan metabolisme|lintasan]] [[katabolisme|katabolik]] [[gugus fungsional|gugus]] [[heme]] dari [[hemoglobin]] yang terdapat di dalam [[eritrosit]], oleh [[enzim]] [[heme oksigenase]]. Biliverdin terdapat pada empedu amfibi, burung, manusia[{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|url-status=live}}]\n\nBersama [[bilirubin]], biliverdin merupakan [[antioksidan]] yang sangat kuat merespon [[radikal bebas|radikal]] [[peroksil]] seperti [[hidrogen peroksida]], dan menghambat efek [[mutagen]] seperti ''polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons'' dan ''heterocyclic amines''.[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602853\n| title = The anti-mutagenic properties of bile pigments\n| accessdate = 2010-10-27\n| work = School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland; Bulmer AC, Ried K, Blanchfield JT, Wagner KH.\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Antioksidan]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"db3963c2d11579d9338fd4ef38e330344566409bbfbe7bb1140c5b56a3a31322","last_revision":"2024-01-23T09:00:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T12:10:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.924578","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بيليفردين","azb":"بیلیوردین","be":"Білівердзін","bs":"Biliverdin","ca":"Biliverdina","cs":"Biliverdin","de":"Biliverdin","en":"Biliverdin","eo":"Biliverdino","es":"Biliverdina","fa":"بیلیوردین","fi":"Biliverdiini","fr":"Biliverdine","gl":"Biliverdina","hr":"Biliverdin","it":"Biliverdina","ja":"ビリベルジン","ka":"ბილივერდინი","kk":"Биливердин","ko":"빌리베르딘","la":"Biliverdina","lt":"Biliverdinas","nb":"Biliverdin","pl":"Biliwerdyna","pt":"Biliverdina","ro":"Biliverdină","ru":"Биливердин","sh":"Biliverdin","sr":"Biliverdin","uz":"Biliverdin","zh":"胆绿素"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Biliverdin adalah senyawa pigmen empedu dari keluarga porpirin hasil lintasan katabolik gugus heme dari hemoglobin yang terdapat di dalam eritrosit, oleh enzim heme oksigenase. Biliverdin terdapat pada empedu amfibi, burung, manusia\n\nBersama bilirubin, biliverdin merupakan antioksidan yang sangat kuat merespon radikal peroksil seperti hidrogen peroksida, dan menghambat efek mutagen seperti polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dan heterocyclic amines.\n\nKategori:Antioksidan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Biliverdin adalah senyawa pigmen empedu dari keluarga porpirin hasil lintasan katabolik gugus heme dari hemoglobin yang terdapat di dalam eritrosit, oleh enzim heme oksigenase.","translated_text":"Biliverdin is a bile pigment compound of the porpyrin family resulting from the catabolic pathways of the heme group from the hemoglobin found in erythrocytes, by the enzyme heme oxygenase.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biliverdin terdapat pada empedu amfibi, burung, manusia","translated_text":"Biliverdin is found in the bile of amphibians, birds, humans.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|url-status=live}}]","char_index":55,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bersama bilirubin, biliverdin merupakan antioksidan yang sangat kuat merespon radikal peroksil seperti hidrogen peroksida, dan menghambat efek mutagen seperti polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dan heterocyclic amines.","translated_text":"Along with bilirubin, biliverdin is a highly potent antioxidant that responds to peroxyl radicals such as hydrogen peroxide, and inhibits mutagenic effects such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602853 | title = The anti-mutagenic properties of bile pigments | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland; Bulmer AC, Ried K, Blanchfield JT, Wagner KH. }}]","char_index":216,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602853","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172752,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:14.987870-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81982421875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Antioksidan","translated_text":"Category:Antioxidants","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Biliverdin adalah senyawa pigmen empedu dari keluarga porpirin hasil lintasan katabolik gugus heme dari hemoglobin yang terdapat di dalam eritrosit, oleh enzim heme oksigenase. Biliverdin terdapat pada empedu amfibi, burung, manusia","translated_text":"Biliverdin is a bile pigment compound of the porpyrin family resulting from the catabolic pathways of the heme group from the hemoglobin found in erythrocytes, by the enzyme heme oxygenase. Biliverdin is found in the bile of amphibians, birds, humans.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Sybil, P|date=1984|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Biology|publisher=McGraw-Hill Company|url-status=live}}]","char_index":232,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bersama bilirubin, biliverdin merupakan antioksidan yang sangat kuat merespon radikal peroksil seperti hidrogen peroksida, dan menghambat efek mutagen seperti polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dan heterocyclic amines.","translated_text":"Along with bilirubin, biliverdin is a highly potent antioxidant that responds to peroxyl radicals such as hydrogen peroxide, and inhibits mutagenic effects such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602853 | title = The anti-mutagenic properties of bile pigments | accessdate = 2010-10-27 | work = School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland; Bulmer AC, Ried K, Blanchfield JT, Wagner KH. }}]","char_index":216,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602853","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":172752,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:14.987870-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.81982421875}]}]}
+{"title":"José Antonio Chang","wikicode":"{{Infobox Officeholder\n|name = José Antonio Chang\n|image = José Antonio Chang 2.jpg\n|office = [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Peru|Perdana Menteri Peru]]\n|president = [[Alan García Pérez]]\n|term_start = 14 September 2010\n|term_end = 19 Maret 2011\n|predecessor = [[Javier Velásquez]]\n|successor = [[Rosario Fernández]]\n|birth_date = {{bda|1958|5|19}}\n|birth_place = {{City-state|Lima|Peru}}\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|party = [[Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance]]\n}}\n'''José Antonio Chang Escobedo''' ({{lahirmati|{{City-state|Lima|Peru}}|19|5|1958}}) adalah [[perdana menteri]] [[Peru]] yang ditunjuk oleh [[presiden]], [[Alan García Pérez]].[{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11306477|title=Jose Chang named new Peruvian prime minister|agency=[[BBC News]]|date=2010-9-14}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n{{lifetime|1958||Chang, José Antonio}}\n\n[[Kategori:Insinyur Peru]]\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1958]]\n[[Kategori:Semua artikel yang menambahkan kategori Orang hidup secara otomatis]]\n[[Kategori:Perdana Menteri Peru]]\n[[Kategori:Rintisan biografi Peru]]\n[[Kategori:Tanggal kelahiran 19 Mei]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Tionghoa perantauan]]\n\n\n{{Peru-bio-stub}}","hash":"5a2732736ad7998f0596e07bf910b02991c630367fe98797ee82755a8cfcc6b3","last_revision":"2023-08-26T23:40:30Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T12:41:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:43.980795","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"خوسيه أنطونيو تشانغ","de":"José Antonio Chang","en":"José Antonio Chang","es":"José Antonio Chang","et":"José Antonio Chang","fr":"José Antonio Chang","ja":"ホセ・アントニオ・チャン","pl":"José Antonio Chang","qu":"José Antonio Chang","ru":"Чанг, Хосе Антонио","zh":"何塞·陈","zh-min-nan":"José Antonio Chang"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"José Antonio Chang Escobedo () adalah perdana menteri Peru yang ditunjuk oleh presiden, Alan García Pérez.\n\nKategori:Insinyur Peru Kategori:Kelahiran 1958 Kategori:Semua artikel yang menambahkan kategori Orang hidup secara otomatis Kategori:Perdana Menteri Peru Kategori:Rintisan biografi Peru Kategori:Tanggal kelahiran 19 Mei Kategori:Tokoh Tionghoa perantauan\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Officeholder\n|name = José Antonio Chang\n|image = José Antonio Chang 2.jpg\n|office = [[Daftar Perdana Menteri Peru|Perdana Menteri Peru]]\n|president = [[Alan García Pérez]]\n|term_start = 14 September 2010\n|term_end = 19 Maret 2011\n|predecessor = [[Javier Velásquez]]\n|successor = [[Rosario Fernández]]\n|birth_date = {{bda|1958|5|19}}\n|birth_place = {{City-state|Lima|Peru}}\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|party = [[Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"José Antonio Chang Escobedo () adalah perdana menteri Peru yang ditunjuk oleh presiden, Alan García Pérez.","translated_text":"José Antonio Chang Escobedo () was the prime minister of Peru appointed by the president, Alan García Pérez.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11306477|title=Jose Chang named new Peruvian prime minister|agency=[[BBC News]]|date=2010-9-14}}]","char_index":106,"name":"bbc","url":"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11306477","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":281707,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:16.158551-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (76 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Antonio Chang Escobedo () adalah perdana menteri Peru yang ditunjuk oleh presiden, Alan García Pérez.","translated_text":"José Antonio Chang Escobedo () was the prime minister of Peru appointed by the president, Alan García Pérez.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11306477|title=Jose Chang named new Peruvian prime minister|agency=[[BBC News]]|date=2010-9-14}}]","char_index":106,"name":"bbc","url":"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11306477","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":281707,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:16.158551-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (76 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"C/EBP-beta","wikicode":"'''C/EBP-beta''' ({{lang-en|CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta}}) adalah [[faktor transkripsi]] [[bZIP]] yang memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik [[CEBPB]] pada [[kromosom 20 (manusia)|kromosom 20]] lokasi 20q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan [[intron]].[{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1051|title=CEBPB CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta [ Homo sapiens ]|accessdate=2010-10-27|work=Entrez Gene}}] C/EBP-beta dapat membentuk kompleks [[heterdimer]] dengan [[protein]] sejenis seperti [[C/EBP-alfa]], [[C/EBP-delta]], [[C/EBP-gamma]].\n\nC/EBP-beta menginduksi [[transkripsi]] [[interleukin-1|IL-1]], [[interleukin-6|IL-6]] beserta respon kekebalan dan [[peradangan]], termasuk pada [[fase]] [[akut]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Hormon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"9c81ab77731af320597597b08f4649cc362ee9faf49be91ea207d24b756d90a3","last_revision":"2022-12-27T19:22:50Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T12:48:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.038165","cross_lingual_links":{"cy":"CEBPB","en":"CEBPB","es":"CEBPB","ko":"CEBPB","tt":"CEBPB","uk":"CEBPB","zh":"CEBPB"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"C/EBP-beta () adalah faktor transkripsi bZIP yang memiliki berkas genetik CEBPB pada kromosom 20 lokasi 20q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan intron. C/EBP-beta dapat membentuk kompleks heterdimer dengan protein sejenis seperti C/EBP-alfa, C/EBP-delta, C/EBP-gamma.\n\nC/EBP-beta menginduksi transkripsi IL-1, IL-6 beserta respon kekebalan dan peradangan, termasuk pada fase akut.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"C","translated_text":"C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"/EBP-beta () adalah faktor transkripsi bZIP yang memiliki berkas genetik CEBPB pada kromosom 20 lokasi 20q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan intron.","translated_text":"/EBP-beta () is a bZIP transcription factor that has a CEBPB genetic file on chromosome 20 location 20q13.1, which is not endowed with an intron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1051|title=CEBPB CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta [ Homo sapiens ]|accessdate=2010-10-27|work=Entrez Gene}}]","char_index":148,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1051","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":253564,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:16.807026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3193359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"C","translated_text":"C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"/EBP-beta dapat membentuk kompleks heterdimer dengan protein sejenis seperti C/EBP-alfa, C/EBP-delta, C/EBP-gamma.","translated_text":"EBP-beta can form a heterdimer complex with similar proteins such as C/EBP-alpha, C/EBP-delta, C/EBP-gamma.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"C","translated_text":"C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"/EBP-beta menginduksi transkripsi IL-1, IL-6 beserta respon kekebalan dan peradangan, termasuk pada fase akut.","translated_text":"EBP-beta induces transcription of IL-1, IL-6 as well as immune and inflammatory responses, including in the acute phase.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"C /EBP-beta () adalah faktor transkripsi bZIP yang memiliki berkas genetik CEBPB pada kromosom 20 lokasi 20q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan intron.","translated_text":"C. /EBP-beta () is a bZIP transcription factor that has a CEBPB genetic file on chromosome 20 location 20q13.1, which is not endowed with an intron.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1051|title=CEBPB CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta [ Homo sapiens ]|accessdate=2010-10-27|work=Entrez Gene}}]","char_index":150,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1051","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":253564,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:16.807026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3193359375}]}]}
+{"title":"C/EBP-alfa","wikicode":"'''C/EBP-alfa''' ({{lang-en|CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alfa}}) adalah [[faktor transkripsi]] [[bZIP]] yang memiliki berkas [[gen]]etik [[CEBPA]] pada [[kromosom 19 (manusia)|kromosom 19]] lokasi 19q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan [[intron]].[{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1050|title=CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha [ Homo sapiens ]|accessdate=2010-10-27|work=Entrez Gene}}] C/EBP-alfa dapat membentuk kompleks [[heterdimer]] dengan [[protein]] sejenis seperti [[C/EBP-beta]], [[C/EBP-gamma]].\n\n[[Protein]] ini ditemukan mengikat [[promoter inti]] dan memodulasi [[ekspresi gen]]etik dari [[leptin]], sebuah protein yang memainkan peran dalam [[homeostasis]] [[berat]] [[tubuh]]. C/EBP-alfa juga berinteraksi dengan [[Kinase CD|CDK-2]] dan CDK-4 dan menyebabkan terhentinya pertumbuhan [[sel (biologi)|sel]] dalam [[kultur sel|kulturnya]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Hormon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Faktor transkripsi]]\n\n\n{{Biokimia-stub}}","hash":"c2552c5305a85bc75f4ddf74c0fd175afa49852d3581d9de22c5f7b8e78b37b2","last_revision":"2022-12-15T14:35:15Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T12:58:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.094422","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"C/EBP-alfa () adalah faktor transkripsi bZIP yang memiliki berkas genetik CEBPA pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan intron. C/EBP-alfa dapat membentuk kompleks heterdimer dengan protein sejenis seperti C/EBP-beta, C/EBP-gamma.\n\nProtein ini ditemukan mengikat promoter inti dan memodulasi ekspresi genetik dari leptin, sebuah protein yang memainkan peran dalam homeostasis berat tubuh. C/EBP-alfa juga berinteraksi dengan CDK-2 dan CDK-4 dan menyebabkan terhentinya pertumbuhan sel dalam kulturnya.\n\nKategori:Faktor transkripsi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"C","translated_text":"C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"/EBP-alfa () adalah faktor transkripsi bZIP yang memiliki berkas genetik CEBPA pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan intron.","translated_text":"/EBP-alpha () is a bZIP transcription factor that has a CEBPA genetic file on chromosome 19 location 19q13.1, which is not endowed with introns.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1050|title=CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha [ Homo sapiens ]|accessdate=2010-10-27|work=Entrez Gene}}]","char_index":148,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1050","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":261329,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:19.729668-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3115234375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"C","translated_text":"C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"/EBP-alfa dapat membentuk kompleks heterdimer dengan protein sejenis seperti C/EBP-beta, C/EBP-gamma.","translated_text":"EBP-alpha can form a heterdimer complex with similar proteins like C/EBP-beta, C/EBP-gamma.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protein ini ditemukan mengikat promoter inti dan memodulasi ekspresi genetik dari leptin, sebuah protein yang memainkan peran dalam homeostasis berat tubuh.","translated_text":"This protein was found to bind the core promoters and modulate the genetic expression of leptin, a protein that plays a role in body weight homeostasis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"C","translated_text":"C.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"/EBP-alfa juga berinteraksi dengan CDK-2 dan CDK-4 dan menyebabkan terhentinya pertumbuhan sel dalam kulturnya.","translated_text":"The EBP-alpha also interacts with CDK-2 and CDK-4 and causes cell growth in their culture to be halted.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Faktor transkripsi","translated_text":"The transcription factor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"C /EBP-alfa () adalah faktor transkripsi bZIP yang memiliki berkas genetik CEBPA pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19q13.1, yang tidak dilengkapi dengan intron.","translated_text":"C. /EBP-alpha () is a bZIP transcription factor that has a CEBPA genetic file on chromosome 19 location 19q13.1, which is not endowed with introns.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1050|title=CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha [ Homo sapiens ]|accessdate=2010-10-27|work=Entrez Gene}}]","char_index":150,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1050","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":261329,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:19.729668-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.3115234375}]}]}
+{"title":"Stefan William","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n| pre-nominals = \n| name = Stefan William\n| post-nominals = \n| image = File:KPU Steven William Umboh.jpg\n| alt = \n| caption = \n| birth_name = Stefan William Umboh\n| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|8|11}}\n| birth_place = [[California]], Amerika Serikat\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| death_cause = \n| resting_place = \n| resting_place_coordinates = \n| nationality = Indonesia\n| other_names = \n| education = \n| alma_mater = \n| occupation = {{hlist|\n[[Pemeran]]|[[model]]|[[penyanyi]]|[[politikus]]\n}}\n| years_active = 2007—sekarang\n| known_for = \n| notable_works = \n| height = \n| weight = \n| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Celine Evangelista]]|2016|2021|reason=div}}\n| partner = \n| children = 2 \n| parents = \n| relatives = {{plainlist|\n* [[Wim Umboh]] (kakek) \n* [[Paula Rumokoy]] (nenek) \n* [[Maria Umboh]] (bibi)\n}}\n| family = \n| party = [[Partai Amanat Nasional]] (2023–sekarang)\n| awards = {{Plainlist|[[Stefan William#Penghargaan dan nominasi|lihat daftar]]\n}}\n| website = \n| module = {{Infobox musical artist\n | embed = yes\n | background = vocal_group\n | instrument = [[Vokal]]\n | genre = \n | label = Bentuk Music\n |current_members = [[The Junas]]\n |past_members = \n}}\n| module2 = \n| module3 = \n| module4 = \n| module5 = \n| module6 = \n| signature = \n| signature_size = \n| signature_alt = \n| footnotes = \n}}\n\n'''Stefan William Umboh''' ({{lahirmati||11|8|1993}}) adalah pemeran, model, penyanyi, dan politikus Indonesia keturunan [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Manado]]. Namanya mulai dikenal publik saat membintangi serial ''[[Anak Jalanan (seri televisi)|Anak Jalanan]]'' (2015—2016). Stefan menjajal dunia politik dengan bergabung ke dalam [[Partai Amanat Nasional]] sejak 29 September 2023.[{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 Oktober 2023|title=Gabung PAN, Stefan Wiliam dan Aditya Zoni Ingin Berkontribusi untuk Anak Muda dan Masyarakat|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5410546/gabung-pan-stefan-wiliam-dan-aditya-zoni-ingin-berkontribusi-untuk-anak-muda-dan-masyarakat|access-date=29 September 2023|work=[[Liputan6.com]]|language=id}}]\n\n== Kehidupan pribadi ==\nStefan merupakan putra pertama pasangan Clinton Avery, yang berasal dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan Ellen Thelma Umboh, yang merupakan putri dari salah satu sutradara [[Indonesia]] berdarah [[Manado]], yakni [[Wim Umboh]] dan istrinya [[Paula Rumokoy]]. Ia memiliki adik perempuan bernama Jennifer Avery. Sang ibu menyekolahkannya di Teroecture Act.\n\nStefan menikah dengan [[Celine Evangelista]] pada 10 November 2016.[{{cite news|last1=Saut|first1=Prins David|title=Stefan William dan Celine Evangelista Telah Resmi Menikah|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/3342537/stefan-william-dan-celine-evangelista-telah-resmi-menikah|accessdate=9 Februari 2017|work=Detik.com|date=10 November 2016}}] Namun, pernikahan mereka akhirnya kandas pada 18 Oktober 2021 setelah Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan mengabulkan gugatan [[Celine Evangelista]].[{{cite web|title=Celine Evangelista dan Stefan William Resmi Bercerai|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4688703/celine-evangelista-dan-stefan-william-resmi-bercerai|first= |last= |date=19 Oktober 2021 |accessdate=|language= |website=Liputan6.com |archive-date=|archive-url=|dead-url=no}}]\n\n== Filmografi ==\n=== Film ===\n{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!Tahun\n!Judul \n!Peran \n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2008\n|''[[Bestfriend?]]''\n|Ditya\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2009\n|''[[Putih Abu-Abu dan Sepatu Kets]]''\n|Don\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Keranda Kuntilanak]]''\n|Steff \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2012 \n|''[[Bila (film)|Bila]]''\n|Dani \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Udin Cari Alamat Palsu]]''\n|Dirinya sendiri\n|Dikreditkan sebagai The Junas Monkey\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2013\n|''[[Air Terjun Pengantin Phuket]]''\n|Kenny\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2014\n|''[[7 Misi Rahasia Sophie]]''\n|Marko \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[3600 Detik]]''\n|Leon \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|2015 \n|''[[Kok Putusin Gue]]''\n|Hari\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Tiger Boy (film)|Tiger Boy]]''\n|Radja\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Sebuah Lagu untuk Tuhan]]''\n|Gilang\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2016\n|''[[Rumah Pasung]]''\n|Ryan \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}\n\n=== Serial web ===\n{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!Tahun\n!Judul \n!Peran \n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2022\n|''[[Social Climber]]''\n|{{na}}\n|Produser eksekutif\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2024\n|''Dear Jo''\n|Joshua\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}\n\n=== Televisi ===\n{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul \n!Peran \n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2007\n|rowspan=\"2\"|''[[Dongeng (seri televisi)|Dongeng]]\n|\n|Episode: \"Miki dan 5 Anak Sakti\"\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|\n|Episode: \"Istana di Dasar Sungai\"\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2008\n|''[[Suci (seri televisi)|Suci]]''\n|Ardi\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2009\n|''[[Sumpah I Luv U]]''\n|\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2010—2011\n|''[[Arti Sahabat]]''\n|Yudha Dharma\n|2 musim\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Gol-Gol Fatimah]]''\n|Ridho\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2012\n|''[[Aku Suka Dia]]''\n|Andika\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Calon Ibu untuk Anakku]]''\n|Farel\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2013\n|''[[Yang Muda yang Bercinta (seri televisi)|Yang Muda yang Bercinta]]''\n|Justin\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Akibat Pernikahan Dini]]''\n|Adrian\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2013—2014\n|''[[Fortune Cookies]]''\n|Reyhan\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2014\n|''[[Siti Bling-Bling]]''\n|rowspan=\"2\"|Justin\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Siti Bling-Bling Mengejar Cinta Pertama]]\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2015—2016\n|''[[Anak Jalanan (seri televisi)|Anak Jalanan]]''\n|Boy Wirawan\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2016\n|''TV Movie''\n|\n|Episode: \"Anita dan Anak Jalanan\"\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2017\n|''[[Boy (seri televisi)|Boy]]''\n|Boy\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2017—2020\n|''[[Anak Langit]]''\n|Hiro\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2020\n|''[[Anak Band]]''\n|Gilang\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2021\n|''[[Badai Pasti Berlalu (seri televisi 2021)|Badai Pasti Berlalu]]''\n|Leo Pratama\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2022\n|''[[Aku Jatuh Cinta (seri televisi 2022)|Aku Jatuh Cinta]]''\n|Kevin Jayadiningrat\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}\n\n==== Film televisi ====\n* ''Ogah Jadi Sepupu'' (2009)\n* ''Kalo Tom and Jerry Jatuh Cinta'' (2011)\n* ''Cinta Kan Membawamu Narik Angkot Lagi'' (2012)\n* ''Kerak Telor Cinta Nurlela'' (2012)\n* ''Something About Maemunah'' (2012)\n* ''Papa Rock'n Roll'' (2013)\n* ''Jangan Lari, Kusir Kukejar'' (2013)\n\n==== Video musik ====\n{|class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Penyanyi\n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2021\n|\"Badai Pasti Berlalu\" \n|[[Noah (grup musik)|Noah]]\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}\n\n== Diskografi ==\n=== Singel ===\n{|class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|+ Penampilan bersama [[The Junas]]\n{{See also|The Junas#Diskografi}}\n!Tahun\n!Judul lagu\n!Pencipta \n!Singel\n!Label\n|-\n|2011\n|\"Jadian\"\n|Fajar Putra Jaya\n|''Jadian''\n|\n|-\n|2012\n|\"Ikut Aku\" {{small|(''feat'' [[Icha Anisa]])}}\n|Agus Riyanto\n|''Ikut Aku''\n|Bentuk Music\n|-\n|2018\n|\"Karena Cinta\"\n|Doddy Kangen\n|''Karena Cinta''\n|Pelangi Records\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2020\n|\"Cukup Dikenang Saja\" {{small|(''feat'' [[Yasmin Napper]])}}\n|Agung Saputra\n|''[[Cukup Dikenang Saja]]''\n|rowspan=2|Bentuk Music\n|-\n|\"I Love You Baby\"\n|Zulky Ariandi\n|''I Love You Baby''\n|}\n\n=== ''Extended play'' (EP) / Album mini ===\n{|class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|+ Penampilan bersama [[The Junas]]\n{{See also|The Junas#Diskografi}}\n!Tahun\n!Judul lagu\n!Penyanyi\n!Album\n!Label\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2012\n|\"Jadian\"\n|rowspan=2|[[The Junas|The Junas Monkey]]\n|rowspan=2|''The Junas Monkey''[{{cite web|title=The Junas Monkey EP (Mini Album)|url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_ntUKdfYv2uSdqud1fDUozEDWvd1Y8OwfQ&feature=share|first= |last= |date= |accessdate=|language=id |website=YouTube Music |archive-date=|archive-url=|dead-url=no}}]\n|rowspan=2|\n|-\n|\"Ikut Aku\"\n|}\n\n== Penghargaan dan nominasi ==\n{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Tahun\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Penghargaan\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Kategori \n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Karya \n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Hasil\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2011\n|[[SCTV Awards 2011|SCTV ''Awards'' 2011]]\n|Aktor Utama Ngetop \n|align=\"center\"|''[[Gol-Gol Fatimah]]''\n|{{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2014\n|Global Seru ''Awards'' 2014\n|Aktor Terseru\n|align=\"center\"|''[[3600 Detik]]''\n|{{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"7\"|2016\n|[[Selebrita Awards 2016|Selebrita ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Artis Pendatang Baru Terseleb\n|rowspan=\"7\" align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Jalanan (seri televisi)|Anak Jalanan]]''\n|rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|[[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards|Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Aktor Favorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|Pasangan Layar Kaca Terfavorit {{small|(bersama [[Natasha Wilona]])}}\n|{{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|Slime Star\t\n|rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Dahsyatnya Awards 2016|Dahsyatnya ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Pasangan Terdahsyat {{small|(bersama [[Natasha Wilona]])}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2016|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Aktor Terpopuler\n|rowspan=\"7\" {{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2016|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"4\"|2017\n|[[Infotainment Awards 2017|Infotainment ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Pernikahan Selebriti Paling Fenomenal {{small|(bersama [[Celine Evangelista]])}}\n|align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2017|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Aktor Terpopuler \n|align=\"center\"|''[[Boy (seri televisi)|Boy]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2017|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit \n|rowspan=\"7\" align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Langit]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[SCTV Awards 2017|SCTV ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2018\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2018|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2018]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[SCTV Awards 2018|SCTV ''Awards'' 2018]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|{{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|2019\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2019|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2019]]\n|Aktor Terpopuler\n|rowspan=\"2\" {{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2019|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2019]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[SCTV Awards 2019|SCTV ''Awards'' 2019]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|{{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2020\n|rowspan=\"2\"|[[SCTV Awards 2020|SCTV ''Awards'' 2020]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Band]]''\n|rowspan=\"9\" {{nom}} \n|-\n|Artis Paling ''Socmed''\n|align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"6\"|2021\n|rowspan=\"3\"|[[Infotainment Awards 2021|Infotainment ''Awards'' 20201]]\n|''Best Male Character'' {{small|(Leo)}}\n|align=\"center\"|''[[Badai Pasti Berlalu (seri televisi 2021)|Badai Pasti Berlalu]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''Most Charming Male Celebrity''\n|rowspan=\"2\" align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''Gorgeous Dad''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Drama Series Awards 2021|Indonesian Drama Series ''Awards'' 2021]]\n|Pasangan ''Drama Series'' Terfavorit {{small|(bersama [[Natasha Wilona]])}}\n|align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Band]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2021|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2021]]\n|Aktor Sinetron Terpopuler \n|rowspan=\"2\" align=\"center\"|''[[Badai Pasti Berlalu (seri televisi 2021)|Badai Pasti Berlalu]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Bandung 2021]]\n|Pemeran Pria Terpuji Serial Televisi\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2022\n|[[Kiss Awards 2022]]\n|Hot Papa Terkiss\n|align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{id}} [https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/579-stefan-william Profil] di [[VIVA.co.id]]\n* {{Kapanlagi|s|steven_william}}\n* {{Instagram|stefannwilliam}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:William, Stefan}}\n[[Kategori:Pemeran laki-laki Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Amerika Serikat-Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Minahasa]]\n[[Kategori:Marga Umboh]]\n[[Kategori:Indonesia-Amerika]]\n\n\n{{pemeran-indo-stub}}","hash":"c8b05c099cc2bc31d667211fa977c9c2406852e0e86e1f3b77b870e98d2977e9","last_revision":"2024-04-07T04:54:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T13:11:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.158576","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ستيفان ويليام","arz":"ستيفان ويليام","en":"Stefan William","jv":"Steven William","ms":"Stefan","simple":"Steven William"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Stefan William Umboh () adalah pemeran, model, penyanyi, dan politikus Indonesia keturunan Amerika Serikat dan Manado. Namanya mulai dikenal publik saat membintangi serial Anak Jalanan (2015—2016). Stefan menjajal dunia politik dengan bergabung ke dalam Partai Amanat Nasional sejak 29 September 2023.\n\nStefan merupakan putra pertama pasangan Clinton Avery, yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat dan Ellen Thelma Umboh, yang merupakan putri dari salah satu sutradara Indonesia berdarah Manado, yakni Wim Umboh dan istrinya Paula Rumokoy. Ia memiliki adik perempuan bernama Jennifer Avery. Sang ibu menyekolahkannya di Teroecture Act.\n\nStefan menikah dengan Celine Evangelista pada 10 November 2016. Namun, pernikahan mereka akhirnya kandas pada 18 Oktober 2021 setelah Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan mengabulkan gugatan Celine Evangelista.\n\nOgah Jadi Sepupu (2009) Kalo Tom and Jerry Jatuh Cinta (2011) Cinta Kan Membawamu Narik Angkot Lagi (2012) Kerak Telor Cinta Nurlela (2012) Something About Maemunah (2012) Papa Rock'n Roll (2013) Jangan Lari, Kusir Kukejar (2013)\n\nProfil di VIVA.co.id\n\nKategori:Pemeran laki-laki Indonesia Kategori:Amerika Serikat-Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh Minahasa Kategori:Marga Umboh Kategori:Indonesia-Amerika\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n| pre-nominals = \n| name = Stefan William\n| post-nominals = \n| image = File:KPU Steven William Umboh.jpg\n| alt = \n| caption = \n| birth_name = Stefan William Umboh\n| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|8|11}}\n| birth_place = [[California]], Amerika Serikat\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| death_cause = \n| resting_place = \n| resting_place_coordinates = \n| nationality = Indonesia\n| other_names = \n| education = \n| alma_mater = \n| occupation = {{hlist|\n[[Pemeran]]|[[model]]|[[penyanyi]]|[[politikus]]\n}}\n| years_active = 2007—sekarang\n| known_for = \n| notable_works = \n| height = \n| weight = \n| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Celine Evangelista]]|2016|2021|reason=div}}\n| partner = \n| children = 2 \n| parents = \n| relatives = {{plainlist|\n* [[Wim Umboh]] (kakek) \n* [[Paula Rumokoy]] (nenek) \n* [[Maria Umboh]] (bibi)\n}}\n| family = \n| party = [[Partai Amanat Nasional]] (2023–sekarang)\n| awards = {{Plainlist|[[Stefan William#Penghargaan dan nominasi|lihat daftar]]\n}}\n| website = \n| module = {{Infobox musical artist\n | embed = yes\n | background = vocal_group\n | instrument = [[Vokal]]\n | genre = \n | label = Bentuk Music\n |current_members = [[The Junas]]\n |past_members = \n}}\n| module2 = \n| module3 = \n| module4 = \n| module5 = \n| module6 = \n| signature = \n| signature_size = \n| signature_alt = \n| footnotes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stefan William Umboh () adalah pemeran, model, penyanyi, dan politikus Indonesia keturunan Amerika Serikat dan Manado.","translated_text":"Stefan William Umboh () is an Indonesian actor, model, singer, and politician of United States and Manado descent.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namanya mulai dikenal publik saat membintangi serial Anak Jalanan (2015—2016).","translated_text":"Her name came to public attention when she starred in the series Anak Jalanan (2015 ⁇ 2016).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Stefan menjajal dunia politik dengan bergabung ke dalam Partai Amanat Nasional sejak 29 September 2023.","translated_text":"Stefan entered the political world by joining the Nationalist Party since 29 September 2023.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 Oktober 2023|title=Gabung PAN, Stefan Wiliam dan Aditya Zoni Ingin Berkontribusi untuk Anak Muda dan Masyarakat|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5410546/gabung-pan-stefan-wiliam-dan-aditya-zoni-ingin-berkontribusi-untuk-anak-muda-dan-masyarakat|access-date=29 September 2023|work=[[Liputan6.com]]|language=id}}]","char_index":103,"name":null,"url":"https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5410546/gabung-pan-stefan-wiliam-dan-aditya-zoni-ingin-berkontribusi-untuk-anak-muda-dan-masyarakat","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":318205,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:22.848452-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73486328125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan pribadi","translated_text":"Personal life","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stefan merupakan putra pertama pasangan Clinton Avery, yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat dan Ellen Thelma Umboh, yang merupakan putri dari salah satu sutradara Indonesia berdarah Manado, yakni Wim Umboh dan istrinya Paula Rumokoy.","translated_text":"Stefan is the first son of Clinton Avery, who is from the United States, and Ellen Thelma Umboh, who is the daughter of one of Manado's bloody Indonesian directors, Wim Umboh and his wife Paula Rumokoy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia memiliki adik perempuan bernama Jennifer Avery.","translated_text":"He has a sister named Jennifer Avery.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sang ibu menyekolahkannya di Teroecture Act.","translated_text":"My mother taught him the Teroecture Act.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stefan menikah dengan Celine Evangelista pada 10 November 2016.","translated_text":"Stefan married Celine Evangelista on 10 November 2016.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|last1=Saut|first1=Prins David|title=Stefan William dan Celine Evangelista Telah Resmi Menikah|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/3342537/stefan-william-dan-celine-evangelista-telah-resmi-menikah|accessdate=9 Februari 2017|work=Detik.com|date=10 November 2016}}]","char_index":63,"name":null,"url":"https://hot.detik.com/celeb/3342537/stefan-william-dan-celine-evangelista-telah-resmi-menikah","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.590335-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90087890625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, pernikahan mereka akhirnya kandas pada 18 Oktober 2021 setelah Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan mengabulkan gugatan Celine Evangelista.","translated_text":"However, their marriage ended on 18 October 2021 after the South Jakarta State Court granted a lawsuit against Celine Evangelista.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=Celine Evangelista dan Stefan William Resmi Bercerai|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4688703/celine-evangelista-dan-stefan-william-resmi-bercerai|first= |last= |date=19 Oktober 2021 |accessdate=|language= |website=Liputan6.com |archive-date=|archive-url=|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":143,"name":"Perceraian","url":"https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4688703/celine-evangelista-dan-stefan-william-resmi-bercerai","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":314518,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:27.284121-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filmografi","translated_text":"Filmography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Film","translated_text":"The movie","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!Tahun\n!Judul \n!Peran \n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2008\n|''[[Bestfriend?]]''\n|Ditya\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2009\n|''[[Putih Abu-Abu dan Sepatu Kets]]''\n|Don\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Keranda Kuntilanak]]''\n|Steff \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2012 \n|''[[Bila (film)|Bila]]''\n|Dani \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Udin Cari Alamat Palsu]]''\n|Dirinya sendiri\n|Dikreditkan sebagai The Junas Monkey\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2013\n|''[[Air Terjun Pengantin Phuket]]''\n|Kenny\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2014\n|''[[7 Misi Rahasia Sophie]]''\n|Marko \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[3600 Detik]]''\n|Leon \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|2015 \n|''[[Kok Putusin Gue]]''\n|Hari\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Tiger Boy (film)|Tiger Boy]]''\n|Radja\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Sebuah Lagu untuk Tuhan]]''\n|Gilang\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2016\n|''[[Rumah Pasung]]''\n|Ryan \n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Serial web","translated_text":"Web series","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!Tahun\n!Judul \n!Peran \n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2022\n|''[[Social Climber]]''\n|{{na}}\n|Produser eksekutif\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2024\n|''Dear Jo''\n|Joshua\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Televisi","translated_text":"Television","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n!Tahun\n!Judul \n!Peran \n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2007\n|rowspan=\"2\"|''[[Dongeng (seri televisi)|Dongeng]]\n|\n|Episode: \"Miki dan 5 Anak Sakti\"\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|\n|Episode: \"Istana di Dasar Sungai\"\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2008\n|''[[Suci (seri televisi)|Suci]]''\n|Ardi\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2009\n|''[[Sumpah I Luv U]]''\n|\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2010—2011\n|''[[Arti Sahabat]]''\n|Yudha Dharma\n|2 musim\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2011\n|''[[Gol-Gol Fatimah]]''\n|Ridho\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2012\n|''[[Aku Suka Dia]]''\n|Andika\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Calon Ibu untuk Anakku]]''\n|Farel\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2013\n|''[[Yang Muda yang Bercinta (seri televisi)|Yang Muda yang Bercinta]]''\n|Justin\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Akibat Pernikahan Dini]]''\n|Adrian\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2013—2014\n|''[[Fortune Cookies]]''\n|Reyhan\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2014\n|''[[Siti Bling-Bling]]''\n|rowspan=\"2\"|Justin\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''[[Siti Bling-Bling Mengejar Cinta Pertama]]\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2015—2016\n|''[[Anak Jalanan (seri televisi)|Anak Jalanan]]''\n|Boy Wirawan\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2016\n|''TV Movie''\n|\n|Episode: \"Anita dan Anak Jalanan\"\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2017\n|''[[Boy (seri televisi)|Boy]]''\n|Boy\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2017—2020\n|''[[Anak Langit]]''\n|Hiro\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2020\n|''[[Anak Band]]''\n|Gilang\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2021\n|''[[Badai Pasti Berlalu (seri televisi 2021)|Badai Pasti Berlalu]]''\n|Leo Pratama\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2022\n|''[[Aku Jatuh Cinta (seri televisi 2022)|Aku Jatuh Cinta]]''\n|Kevin Jayadiningrat\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Film televisi","translated_text":"Television film","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ogah Jadi Sepupu (2009) Kalo Tom and Jerry Jatuh Cinta (2011)","translated_text":"Ogah Became a Cousin (2009) When Tom and Jerry Fall in Love (2011)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cinta Kan Membawamu Narik Angkot Lagi (2012) Kerak Telor Cinta Nurlela (2012) Something About Maemunah (2012) Papa Rock'n Roll (2013) Jangan Lari, Kusir Kukejar (2013)","translated_text":"Love won't take you away again (2012) Shrek Telor Love Nurlela (2012) Something About Maemunah (2012) Papa Rock'n Roll (2013) Don't run, coat the chase (2013)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Video musik","translated_text":"Music video","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!Tahun\n!Judul\n!Penyanyi\n!Catatan\n!{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2021\n|\"Badai Pasti Berlalu\" \n|[[Noah (grup musik)|Noah]]\n|\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Diskografi","translated_text":"Discography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Singel","translated_text":"Singles","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|+ Penampilan bersama [[The Junas]]\n{{See also|The Junas#Diskografi}}\n!Tahun\n!Judul lagu\n!Pencipta \n!Singel\n!Label\n|-\n|2011\n|\"Jadian\"\n|Fajar Putra Jaya\n|''Jadian''\n|\n|-\n|2012\n|\"Ikut Aku\" {{small|(''feat'' [[Icha Anisa]])}}\n|Agus Riyanto\n|''Ikut Aku''\n|Bentuk Music\n|-\n|2018\n|\"Karena Cinta\"\n|Doddy Kangen\n|''Karena Cinta''\n|Pelangi Records\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2020\n|\"Cukup Dikenang Saja\" {{small|(''feat'' [[Yasmin Napper]])}}\n|Agung Saputra\n|''[[Cukup Dikenang Saja]]''\n|rowspan=2|Bentuk Music\n|-\n|\"I Love You Baby\"\n|Zulky Ariandi\n|''I Love You Baby''\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Extended play (EP) / Album mini","translated_text":"Extended play (EP) / Mini album","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|+ Penampilan bersama [[The Junas]]\n{{See also|The Junas#Diskografi}}\n!Tahun\n!Judul lagu\n!Penyanyi\n!Album\n!Label\n|-\n|rowspan=2|2012\n|\"Jadian\"\n|rowspan=2|[[The Junas|The Junas Monkey]]\n|rowspan=2|''The Junas Monkey''[{{cite web|title=The Junas Monkey EP (Mini Album)|url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_ntUKdfYv2uSdqud1fDUozEDWvd1Y8OwfQ&feature=share|first= |last= |date= |accessdate=|language=id |website=YouTube Music |archive-date=|archive-url=|dead-url=no}}]\n|rowspan=2|\n|-\n|\"Ikut Aku\"\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Penghargaan dan nominasi","translated_text":"Awards and nominations","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable unsortable\"\n|-\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Tahun\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Penghargaan\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Kategori \n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Karya \n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|Hasil\n!style=\"background-color:#ECC850; color:\"black\"|{{abbr|Ref.|Referensi}}\n|-\n|2011\n|[[SCTV Awards 2011|SCTV ''Awards'' 2011]]\n|Aktor Utama Ngetop \n|align=\"center\"|''[[Gol-Gol Fatimah]]''\n|{{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2014\n|Global Seru ''Awards'' 2014\n|Aktor Terseru\n|align=\"center\"|''[[3600 Detik]]''\n|{{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"7\"|2016\n|[[Selebrita Awards 2016|Selebrita ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Artis Pendatang Baru Terseleb\n|rowspan=\"7\" align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Jalanan (seri televisi)|Anak Jalanan]]''\n|rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|[[Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice Awards|Nickelodeon Indonesia Kids' Choice ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Aktor Favorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|Pasangan Layar Kaca Terfavorit {{small|(bersama [[Natasha Wilona]])}}\n|{{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|Slime Star\t\n|rowspan=\"2\" {{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Dahsyatnya Awards 2016|Dahsyatnya ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Pasangan Terdahsyat {{small|(bersama [[Natasha Wilona]])}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2016|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Aktor Terpopuler\n|rowspan=\"7\" {{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2016|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2016]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"4\"|2017\n|[[Infotainment Awards 2017|Infotainment ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Pernikahan Selebriti Paling Fenomenal {{small|(bersama [[Celine Evangelista]])}}\n|align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2017|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Aktor Terpopuler \n|align=\"center\"|''[[Boy (seri televisi)|Boy]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2017|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit \n|rowspan=\"7\" align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Langit]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[SCTV Awards 2017|SCTV ''Awards'' 2017]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2018\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2018|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2018]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[SCTV Awards 2018|SCTV ''Awards'' 2018]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|{{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"3\"|2019\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2019|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2019]]\n|Aktor Terpopuler\n|rowspan=\"2\" {{nom}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Panasonic Gobel Awards 2019|Panasonic Gobel ''Awards'' 2019]]\n|Aktor Terfavorit\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[SCTV Awards 2019|SCTV ''Awards'' 2019]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|{{won}}\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"2\"|2020\n|rowspan=\"2\"|[[SCTV Awards 2020|SCTV ''Awards'' 2020]]\n|Aktor Utama Paling Ngetop\n|align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Band]]''\n|rowspan=\"9\" {{nom}} \n|-\n|Artis Paling ''Socmed''\n|align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|rowspan=\"6\"|2021\n|rowspan=\"3\"|[[Infotainment Awards 2021|Infotainment ''Awards'' 20201]]\n|''Best Male Character'' {{small|(Leo)}}\n|align=\"center\"|''[[Badai Pasti Berlalu (seri televisi 2021)|Badai Pasti Berlalu]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''Most Charming Male Celebrity''\n|rowspan=\"2\" align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|''Gorgeous Dad''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Drama Series Awards 2021|Indonesian Drama Series ''Awards'' 2021]]\n|Pasangan ''Drama Series'' Terfavorit {{small|(bersama [[Natasha Wilona]])}}\n|align=\"center\"|''[[Anak Band]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Indonesian Television Awards 2021|Indonesian Television ''Awards'' 2021]]\n|Aktor Sinetron Terpopuler \n|rowspan=\"2\" align=\"center\"|''[[Badai Pasti Berlalu (seri televisi 2021)|Badai Pasti Berlalu]]''\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|[[Festival Film Bandung 2021]]\n|Pemeran Pria Terpuji Serial Televisi\n|align=\"center\"|\n|-\n|2022\n|[[Kiss Awards 2022]]\n|Hot Papa Terkiss\n|align=\"center\"|—\n|align=\"center\"|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profil di VIVA.co.id","translated_text":"Profile at VIVA.co.id","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pemeran laki-laki Indonesia Kategori:Amerika Serikat-Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh Minahasa Kategori:Marga Umboh Kategori:Indonesia-Amerika","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian men's roles Category:United States of America and the United States of America and the United States of America","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Stefan William Umboh () adalah pemeran, model, penyanyi, dan politikus Indonesia keturunan Amerika Serikat dan Manado. Namanya mulai dikenal publik saat membintangi serial Anak Jalanan (2015—2016). Stefan menjajal dunia politik dengan bergabung ke dalam Partai Amanat Nasional sejak 29 September 2023.","translated_text":"Stefan William Umboh () is an Indonesian actor, model, singer, and politician of United States and Manado descent. Her name came to public attention when she starred in the series Anak Jalanan (2015 ⁇ 2016). Stefan entered the political world by joining the Nationalist Party since 29 September 2023.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 Oktober 2023|title=Gabung PAN, Stefan Wiliam dan Aditya Zoni Ingin Berkontribusi untuk Anak Muda dan Masyarakat|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5410546/gabung-pan-stefan-wiliam-dan-aditya-zoni-ingin-berkontribusi-untuk-anak-muda-dan-masyarakat|access-date=29 September 2023|work=[[Liputan6.com]]|language=id}}]","char_index":301,"name":null,"url":"https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5410546/gabung-pan-stefan-wiliam-dan-aditya-zoni-ingin-berkontribusi-untuk-anak-muda-dan-masyarakat","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":318205,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:22.848452-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73486328125}]},{"text":"Stefan menikah dengan Celine Evangelista pada 10 November 2016.","translated_text":"Stefan married Celine Evangelista on 10 November 2016.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|last1=Saut|first1=Prins David|title=Stefan William dan Celine Evangelista Telah Resmi Menikah|url=https://hot.detik.com/celeb/3342537/stefan-william-dan-celine-evangelista-telah-resmi-menikah|accessdate=9 Februari 2017|work=Detik.com|date=10 November 2016}}]","char_index":63,"name":null,"url":"https://hot.detik.com/celeb/3342537/stefan-william-dan-celine-evangelista-telah-resmi-menikah","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":143588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:23.590335-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90087890625}]},{"text":"Stefan menikah dengan Celine Evangelista pada 10 November 2016. Namun, pernikahan mereka akhirnya kandas pada 18 Oktober 2021 setelah Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan mengabulkan gugatan Celine Evangelista.","translated_text":"Stefan married Celine Evangelista on 10 November 2016. However, their marriage ended on 18 October 2021 after the South Jakarta State Court granted a lawsuit against Celine Evangelista.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|title=Celine Evangelista dan Stefan William Resmi Bercerai|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4688703/celine-evangelista-dan-stefan-william-resmi-bercerai|first= |last= |date=19 Oktober 2021 |accessdate=|language= |website=Liputan6.com |archive-date=|archive-url=|dead-url=no}}]","char_index":207,"name":"Perceraian","url":"https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4688703/celine-evangelista-dan-stefan-william-resmi-bercerai","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":314518,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:27.284121-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.76123046875}]}]}
+{"title":"Prisma (majalah)","wikicode":"{{disambiginfo|Prisma (disambiguasi)}}\n{{Multiple issues|{{rapikan}}{{tone}}{{iklan}}{{refimprove}}}}\n\n[[Berkas:manusia_dalam_kemelut_sejarah.jpg|jmpl|Prisma, 1977 (LP3ES)]]\n'''Prisma''' diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial ([[LP3ES]]) pada 1971. Majalah ini sempat berhenti terbit sejak 1998 dan terbit kembali mulai 17 Juni 2009. Misi Prisma adalah menjadi media informasi dan forum pembahasan masalah pembangunan ekonomi, perkembangan sosial dan perubahan kultural di Indonesia dan sekitarnya. Berisi tulisan ilmiah populer, ringkasan hasil penelitian, survei, hipotesis atau gagasan orisinal yang kritis dan segar.\n\n== Prisma, Pasang Surut Sebuah Majalah Akademik[LP3ES Kenangan 35 Tahun (Jakarta: LP3ES, 2006)] ==\n\nDari berbagai peranan seperti tercantum dalam namanya, yakni penelitian, pendidikan dan penerangan, maka tidak pelak lagi LP3ES paling dikenal luas sebagai “lembaga penerangan.” Hal ini dapat dibenarkan bila yang dimaksud di sini adalah sebagai sebuah penerbit buku dan majalah. Dapat dipahami, karena produk-produk penerbitan LP3ES memang tersebar luas ke seluruh penjuru tanah air, dan bahkan ke tempat-tempat tertentu di luar negeri. Sebagai penerbit buku akademik, LP3ES dikenal dengan buku-buku teks universitas, terutama di bidang ekonomi, yang sengaja disusun oleh sarjana Indonesia dengan perspektif Indonesia pula. Begitu pula dengan buku-buku kajian kritis dalam berbagai subyek, baik karangan asli Indonesia maupun terjemahan. Karena spesialisasinya sebagai penerbit akademik maka keterkenalan LP3ES memang terkonsentrasi pada kalangan masyarakat yang berpendidikan tinggi saja.\n\nSebagai penerbit buku akademik, boleh jadi LP3ES tidak lagi memiliki keistimewaan yang khas sebagaimana dahulu sepanjang tahun 1970-an dan awal 1980-an, karena sekarang sudah sangat banyak penerbit yang memiliki produk serupa. Namun tidak demikian halnya dengan LP3ES sebagai penerbit Prisma, sebuah majalah akademik yang khas, yang boleh dikatakan hingga sekarang belum muncul pesaing yang setara dan serupa. Prisma menyajikan karangan ilmiah populer atau ekplorasi dan refleksi intelektual, praktis dalam semua bidang kajian yang termasuk dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial dan ekonomi. Dengan demikian Prisma bukan hanya sebuah jurnal ekonomi atau politik atau hukum saja, melainkan sebuah “jurnal apa saja” yang siap membahas topik-topik yang dianggap perlu dan menarik. Setiap nomor selalu menampilkan pembahasan suatu topik yang ditinjau dari berbagai sudut pandang, yang disajikan dalam karangan berbeda, sehingga menjadikannya semacam bunga rampai. Di samping itu, Prisma tidak mewakili suatu paham atau kelompok kepentingan tertentu, sehingga siapapun dapat menulis sejauh dapat memenuhi kriteria keahlian dalam bidang masing-masing.\n\nSeperti itulah kurang lebih gambaran Prisma ketika majalah ini sudah dikenal luas di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia pada akhir tahun 1970-an dan seterusnya. Prisma boleh dikatakan sukses sebagai sebuah majalah akademik dengan peredaran yang luas karena dapat memenuhi harapan masyarakat pembacanya. Di balik itu hendaklah diingat bahwa Prisma memang diterbitkan dengan maksud untuk disebar-luaskan dengan prinsip-prinsip sebuah usaha. Hal itu membedakannya dengan jurnal-jurnal akademik atau ilmiah yang lain, yang selain sangat terspesialisasi pada bidangnya, juga tidak diusahakan untuk disebar-luaskan. Dengan demikian, keberhasilan Prisma tidak hanya terletak pada kebijakan redaksional saja, tetapi juga pada upaya pemasaran yang sungguh-sungguh.\n\n=== Prisma Sebagai Majalah Pembangunan ===\n\nPertama kali terbit pada bulan Nopember 1971, Prisma menampilkan diri sebagai sebuah “majalah pembangunan.” Suatu hal yang kiranya mudah dipahami, mengingat pada saat itu masyarakat Indonesia sedang memulai zaman pembangunan dengan semangat menyala-nyala. Semangat itu terlihat jelas dalam “Pengantar Redaksi” edisi pertama Prisma yang ditulis oleh Ismid Hadad, sebagai Redaktur dan Penanggung Jawab, yang antara lain menyatakan bahwa “... Kita senantiasa tenggelam dalam manuvre2 politik praktis dan masalah2 rutin, hingga tak pernah sempat memikirkan rentjana masa depan Indonesia dari pandangan jang mendalam. Oleh karena itulah dizaman modern dimana tantangan2 pembangunan republik ini lebih menuntut digunakannja fikiran2 jang matang, makin terasa bahwa kita sekarang perlu kontemplasi, sambil madju terus mengedjar keterbelakangan. Apalagi bila kita tidak mau menemui bentjana2 dalam menjongsong Repelita Ke-II.”\n\nOnghokham, salah seorang sejarawan Indonesia terkemuka, menyambut sepuluh tahun usia majalah ini, menulis, “... Prisma tidak lain daripada suatu penerbitan teknokrasi umum yang dapat dikatakan ‘liberal’ yang prihatin terhadap segala persoalan masyarakat, yang berkisar dari masalah pendidikan anak-anak sampai ke ibu-ibu namun juga elite politik, bidang moneter dan lain-lain.” (Prisma, November 1980). Prisma memang membahas berbagai masalah yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan. Nomor edisi pertama menyajikan banyak tulisan tentang pembangunan, antara lain ditulis oleh Soedjatmoko, Suhadi Mangkusuwondo, serta Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti. Edisi-edisi berikutnya pun selalu tampil dengan sebuah topik khusus, seperti Pembangunan Daerah, Pendidikan, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Ekonomi Pertanian, Teknologi, Industrialisasi, dan lain-lain.\n\nPrisma, sebagai majalah dwi-bulanan, mula-mula hadir dengan wajah dan tata letak yang cukup sederhana, memakai kertas HVS, dengan 52 halaman, namun pada edisi nomor 7 (Desember 1972) sudah menjadi 92 halaman, yang kemudian menjadi ukuran ketebalan rata-rata. Pada awalnya Prisma hanya terjual kira-kira 1.000 eksemplar, tetapi pada akhir tahun 1975 sudah mencapai 4.500 eksemplar, bersamaan dengan penampilan sampulnya yang sudah lebih meriah. Kenaikan omzet yang cukup menggembirakan namun belum optimal itu mendorong pengelola Prisma untuk semakin meluaskan pasar dengan mengubah penampilan majalah ini. Oleh karena itu pada tahun 1976 terjadi perubahan sangat substansial. Selain diterbitkan secara bulanan dan menggunakan kertas koran, Prisma tampil dengan tata letak isi dan sampul yang lebih “ramah” (dengan bingkai bundar yang kemudian menjadi ciri khas Prisma). Sejak saat itu pula Prisma menyajikan rubrik baru yang diberi nama Dialog sebagai pelengkap artikel-artikel tematis yang disajikan.\n\nSemua perubahan itu dimaksudkan agar Prisma dapat meraih pembaca yang lebih luas, dengan harga yang tetap murah. Jika sebelumnya hanya dijual lewat cara berlangganan langsung, atau di toko buku serta agen-agen khusus yang memiliki akses ke kalangan kampus, maka kemudian Prisma dapat diterima oleh agen-agen koran dan majalah umum serta dipajang di kios-kios mereka. Prisma menjadi pilihan alternatif dan semacam bacaan tingkat lanjutan bagi masyarakat yang relatif berpendidikan tinggi. Usaha pemasaran itu membuahkan hasil dengan naiknya jumlah penjualan yang berkisar antara 8.000 hingga 14.000 eksemplar setiap edisi. Dalam hal ini Prisma memang dapat dilihat sebagai suatu barang dagangan, dalam arti semakin menarik topik yang disajikan, makin banyak pula orang yang akan membeli. Turun-naiknya sirkulasi selalu tergantung dari isi. Nomor-nomor Prisma yang laris adalah yang mengetengahkan topik masalah [[Media:sex dan masyarakat.jpg|Seks]] (Juni 1976) dan Angkatan Muda (Desember 1977). Tapi, ada juga topik yang kurang diminati seperti tentang Olahraga (April 1978), dan mengenai Sastera (April 1979).\n\nTiga tahun setelah terbit, tepatnya bulan Oktober dan November 1974, LP3ES menyelenggarakan survai dengan mengambil sampel 1.250 responden (diperkirakan 11 persen dari populasi) pembaca Prisma di kota Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Ujungpandang (sekarang Makassar), dan Medan. Dari readership survey itu diketahui bahwa 88 persen pembaca Prisma adalah laki-laki dan hanya 12 persen perempuan. Dilihat dari kelompok umur, 33 persen pembaca Prisma berumur 19-26 tahun, 36 persen berumur 27-34 tahun, 20 persen berumur 35-42 tahun, dan 9 persen berumur 43-62 tahun. Ditinjau dari tingkat pendidikan, hampir semua pembaca Prisma berpendidikan di atas Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas, yaitu 23 persen tamatan SLTA, 34 persen sarjana muda atau tamat pendidikan akademi, 38 persen sarjana atau tamat pendidikan universitas dan 3 persen post-graduate. Dalam kelompok pekerjaan, pembaca Prisma terdiri dari 36 persen mahasiswa, 32 persen pejabat pemerintah, 13 persen pengajar atau dosen perguruan tinggi, 9 persen usaha swasta, 7 persen golongan profesional, dan 3 persen anggota ABRI (sekarang TNI dan Polri) dan kelompok lainnya.\n\nDari data hasil survei dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian terbesar pembaca Prisma (69 persen) adalah dari golongan muda atau kelompok umur 19-34 tahun, sebagian besar pembaca (72 persen) berpendidikan di atas sarjana muda, dan sebagian terbesar (49 persen) bekerja di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dan sebagian lagi (32 persen) dalam jabatan pemerintahan tingkat menengah. Dengan demikian hasil survei pembaca itu membuktikan bahwa ide dasar dan tujuan penerbitan majalah Prisma untuk menjadi forum komunikasi dan pembahasan masalah-masalah pembangunan sosial ekonomi bagi para sarjana dan cendekiawan muda serta media informasi bagi para praktisi dan pejabat pemerintahan di daerah-daerah, dalam batas-batas tertentu telah berhasil dicapai. Hal itu makin diperkuat oleh hasil survei, bahwa 88 persen pembaca Prisma menyatakan banyak menarik manfaat dan menggunakan artikel-artikel yang dimuat untuk menambah ilmu pengetahuan (28 persen) dan sebagai sumber informasi penting (22 persen), dan 19 persen menggunakannya untuk menyusun karya tulis, dan selebihnya menggunakan Prisma untuk bahan perencanaan pedoman mengajar, bahan ujian, dan lain-lain.\n\nDalam hal itu, di tengah dinamika intern Prisma, muncul “perdebatan” hangat di antara bagian redaksi dan pemasaran tentang topik apa yang sebetulnya dikatakan dapat laris di pasar. Persoalannya mungkin topik yang disajikan harus mempertimbangkan faktor penjualan, berarti berupaya mengikuti selera masyarakat dan berarti pula tetap relevan bagi masyarakat. Bagian Pemasaran selalu mengatakan bahwa sirkulasi Prisma yang tinggi itu karena pekerjaan pemasaran, tetapi sebaliknya Redaksi mengatakan bahwa kalau memang demikian mengapa pemasaran tidak bisa menjual nomor-nomor yang tidak disukai pembaca karena terlalu berat, terlalu kering. Barangkali \"pertengkaran\" itu bukan hanya terjadi dalam tubuh Prisma saja. Soal \"klasik\" itu juga sering terjadi di badan-badan penerbitan lain. Justru di tengah dinamika internal itu Prisma mampu meneguhkan posisinya.\n\n\"[[Media:manusia dalam kemelut sejarah.jpg|Manusia Dalam Kemelut Sejarah]]\" (Prisma, Agustus 1977) merupakan edisi Prisma yang paling laku dan tidak pernah bisa dilewati lagi—dicetak dua kali sebagai majalah, dan dicetak dua kali dalam bentuk buku, pengalaman pertama untuk jurnal dalam sejarah dunia. Penjualan paling tinggi memang dicapai oleh Prisma pada edisi biografi tersebut, dengan jumlah sekitar 22.000 eksemplar. Tokoh Soekarno, Jenderal Soedirman, Tan Malaka, dan lain-lain yang dibahas dalam nomor itu membuat orang sangat berminat untuk membacanya. Dapat dikatakan, sejak edisi itulah Prisma makin dikenal oleh kalangan masyarakat yang lebih luas, di luar basis kelompok pembaca sebelumnya. Tidak mengherankan bila kemudian beberapa biro iklan mendatangi Prisma dan membuat kontrak pemasangan iklan (sebagian besar produk rokok) untuk selama satu atau dua tahun. Padahal, sebelumnya dan juga pada masa-masa setelah itu, cukup sulit mencari produsen yang berminat memakai Prisma sebagai media promosi mereka.\n\nDilihat dari segi angka penjualan, maka tahun-tahun akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an dapat dikatakan sebagai masa kejayaan Prisma. Hal itu berlangsung bersamaan dengan pembaharuan isi Prisma yang makin semarak dengan rubrik-rubrik baru. Tahun 1978 mulai muncul rubrik Laporan Khusus, meskipun sempat ditunda beberapa tahun, sebuah laporan jurnalistik yang digarap sendiri oleh tim redaksi, dan disajikan setiap tiga bulan yang tidak harus sejalan dengan topik utama. Rubrik lain yang mulai diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1979 antara lain Dunia Ketiga, yang menerjemahkan tulisan tentang berbagai masalah yang dihadapi negara-negara berkembang, khususnya di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Rubrik Tesis, yang menyajikan ringkasan tesis atau disertasi di bidang-bidang ilmu sosial, terutama ditulis oleh sarjana Indonesia dan mengenai masalah Indonesia. Rubrik Tinjauan Buku, selain tinjauan secara konvensional, juga ditambah ulasan singkat sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak buku yang dapat disajikan. Rubrik-rubrik baru tersebut membuat isi Prisma lebih bervariasi sehingga pembaca memperoleh pilihan selain artikel-artikel yang selalu membahas topik atau tema tertentu.\n\nRubrik Tokoh menyajikan tulisan yang menganalisis tokoh-tokoh sejarah Indonesia, dan rubrik ini dimunculkan pada tahun 1982. Rubrik khusus itu pula yang sangat disimak oleh kalangan pembaca, termasuk pemerintah Orde Baru. Kelaziman waktu itu, mungkin sampai sekarang, setiap penerbit diharuskan menyerahkan beberapa nomor bukti penerbitan ke pelbagai instansi pemerintah. Prisma agaknya dianggap sangat menyita perhatian Orde Baru saat mengulas tokoh-tokoh tertentu dalam rubrik Tokoh. Ketika itu beberapa penulis yang dipenjarakan di Pulau Buru dilepaskan serta diberi kesempatan kembali pada profesi semula, Prisma segera memanfaatkan sebagian dari mereka. Prisma segera mendapat \"peringatan tertulis\" dari Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia.\n\nDepartemen Penerangan menilai Prisma menjadi ajang kaum kiri dalam mengembangkan atau \"menjurus pada penyerbar-luasan ajaran-ajaran Komunis.\" Dalam bahasa pemerintah sesuai dengan surat dari Departemen Penerangan tertanggal 2 Maret 1983 itu dinyatakan bahwa \".... penonjolan tokoh-tokoh tersebut [tokoh Cornel Simanjuntak dalam Prisma, No.2, Februari 1982; S.M. Kartosuwiryo dalam Prisma, No.5, Mei 1982; Aidit dalam Prisma, No.7, Juli 1982; Oerip Soemohardjo dalam Prisma, No.9, September 1982; dan tulisan Jacques Leclerc dalam Prisma, No.12, Desember 1982] seolah-olah merupakan Perjuangan Politik Komunis untuk melakukan penggalangan terhadap masyarakat melalui Majalah Prisma, agar dapat menerima kembali kehadiran PKI dalam masyarakat atau usaha menghidupkan kembali PKI di Indonesia.\" Satu bulan setelah itu, tepatnya 16 April 1983, Penanggung Jawab dan Redaksi Prisma \"diminta untuk menghadap\" pihak kejaksaan. Ismid Hadad, M. Dawam Rahardjo, dan Daniel Dhakidae sempat diinterograsi oleh pihak Kejaksaan Tinggi DKI Jakarta.\n\nHal yang nyaris serupa dialami Prisma beberapa tahun kemudian. Kali ini Departemen Penerangan \".... setelah mengadakan penelitian terhadap isi majalah Prisma No.6 Tahun XVI edisi bulan Juni 1987 yang dikirimkan kepada Departemen Penerangan ..., kami temukan beberapa tulisan/artikel khususnya yang menyoroti peranan angkatan muda yang menurut kami patut mendapat perhatian serius...\" Surat peringatan tertanggal 21 Agustus 1987 itu menyimpulkan bahwa \"... isi beberapa tulisan dari Majalah Prisma No.6 Tahun XVI, cenderung merupakan sebuah pameran ilmu yang dapat menyesatkan dan membangkitkan keresahan masyarakat.... Majalah Prisma mempunyai kecenderungan untuk 'menghasut' pemuda dan mahasiswa untuk bergerak mengubah sistem politik dan kepemimpinan politik di indonesia.... Majalah Prisma secara tersirat mempunyai kecenderungan mengajak mahasiswa dan generasi muda untuk bangkit menjadi satu-satunya oposisi yang ampuh dalam masyarakat... Majalah Prisma berusaha membentuk opini publik di kalangan masyarakat, bahwa sistem politik yang berlaku di Indonesia adalah teori politik Jawa yang berwujud dalam kekuasaan pemimpin, sementara angkatan muda menjadi kekuatan pinggiran... Majalah Prisma berusaha membentuk opini publik yang cenderung untuk menyesatkan masyarakat pembaca dan untuk mempertentangkan peranan ABRI dan lembaga-lembaga sipil di dalam menjalankan politik pemerintahan di Indonesia.\" Penutup surat peringatan yang kerap dilayangkan Orde Baru kepada Prisma untuk nomor-nomor tertentu biasanya \"... agar di waktu yang akan datang majalah Prisma lebih berhati-hati dalam memuat tulisan yang sifatnya menghasut dan mempertentangkan antara komponen-komponen pendukung terlaksananya pembangunan nasional.\" Dengan melakukan beberapa \"penyesuaian\" di sana-sini Prisma tetap dapat terbit hingga tahun 1998.\n\nMeskipun sempat laris, tiras penjualan Prisma sebenarnya tidak pernah mencapai tingkat yang membuat majalah ini untung secara finansial atau menghasilkan pendapatan yang memungkinkan bisa berdiri sendiri secara bisnis. Sejak semula manajemen dan kegiatan operasional Prisma memang menjadi satu dengan penerbitan buku. Sebagian personelnya, seperti di bagian administrasi dan pemasaran, juga merangkap sebagai personel untuk kegiatan yang sama pada penerbitan buku.\n\nDari sudut pandang ideal, yakni sebagai sarana penerangan bagi masyarakat umum, Prisma tidak hanya dikenal di Indonesia karena sejak awal majalah ini juga memiliki edisi bahasa Inggris. Edisi itu diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 1975, semula dua kali dalam setahun kemudian menjadi empat-bulanan. Isinya merupakan terjemahan artikel-artikel pilihan yang telah atau akan dimuat dalam Prisma bahasa Indonesia. Edisi ini terutama “diekspor” ke luar negeri dan diterima oleh agen-agen yang cukup setia di Belanda, Amerika Serikat, Australia dan Singapura, di samping sejumlah pelanggan pribadi. Omzet edisi ini hanya 1.000 eksemplar dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh keuntungan, melainkan lebih untuk memenuhi amanat Anggaran Dasar LP3ES yang antara lain berbunyi: “Menyebarkan pengetahuan yang luas tentang keadaan sosial dan ekonomi Indonesia kepada bangsa lain.” Fungsi utamanya jelas sebagai \"public relation\" LP3ES terhadap dunia internasional, terutama untuk memberi informasi dan menarik perhatian lembaga-lembaga ilmiah dan sumber-sumber dana di luar negeri. Edisi bahasa Inggris itu bisa mengisi sebagian kevakuman media komunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris tentang Indonesia yang saat itu makin dibutuhkan oleh publik asing yang banyak di Indonesia, maupun di luar negeri.\n\n=== Akhir Pembangunan, Akhir Prisma ===\n\nDalam sorotan sehubungan dengan dua puluh dua tahun usia Prisma, Richard Z. Leirissa menulis, “Suatu hal yang menggembirakan adalah bahwa dalam dasawarsa 80-an permasalahan yang mendasar seperti strategi kebudayaan juga mulai mendapat tempat yang penting... Persoalan ini sudah muncul dalam Prisma pada tahun 1981.” Prisma, dalam edisi November 1981, memang menyuguhkan topik berjudul Perbenturan Nilai-nilai di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1987, Prisma menurunkan topik berjudul Stategi Kebudayaan: Mencari yang Lebih Tepat (Prisma, Maret 1987), yang antara lain dilengkapi dengan laporan wawancara Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Fuad Hassan sehubungan dengan rencana penyelenggaraan Kongres Kebudayaan. Penulis nomor itu antara lain Emil Salim, Umar Kayam, Arief Budiman, dan Gunawan Mohamad. Leirissa menekankan bahwa hal yang menarik dari artikel-artikel dalam edisi tersebut adalah strategi kebudayaan tetap dilihat dalam kaitan dengan strategi pembangunan.\n\nNamun ada hal lain yang perlu dicatat. Sejak pertengahan tahun 1980-an penjualan Prisma mulai mengalami penurunan seiring dengan terlambatnya jadwal terbit. Yang disebut sebagai terlambatnya jadwal terbit hanyalah akibat dari semacam intellectual fatigue, kelelahan intelektual, di kalangan redaksi yang pada awal terbitnya dimaksudkan sebagai penampung, semacam Receptacle, kini dituntut untuk menjadi \"penuntun\" yang secara pro-aktif merumuskan soal, memahami arah kecenderungan politik dan ekonomi, teori politik dan ekonomi. Semuanya menjadi tuntutan yang boleh dibilang berlebihan bagi para pengasuh, yang ketika itu tidak ada satu pun yang memiliki ijazah Ph.D dalam bidang apa pun. Pergaulan intelektual, akademik, boleh dibilang juga terbatas. Kedua, mulai bertumbuhan pusat-pusat baru yang kecil namun tersebar di mana-mana. Dengan \"dikandangkannya\" mahasiswa di kampus-kampus universitas, pemerintah mensponsori jurnal-jurnal akademik di kampus. Dengan memberikan nilai kredit yang tinggi bagi tulisan di jurnal tersebut, Prisma mendapat pesaing kuat di lingkaran kampus. Ketiga di luar universitas perkembangan ilmu-ilmu sosial kritis tidak lagi melihat Prisma sebagai majalah yang tepat untuk menampung atau mengeluarkan aspirasi.\n\nNamun untuk mengatasinya, tim redaksi Prisma, terutama setelah tahun 1984 mendapatkan suntikan beberapa tenaga baru anggota yang memiliki ijazah pendidikan formal tinggi. Beberapa di antaranya adalah Farchan Bulkin, Ph.D dalam ilmu politik dari University of Seattle, masuk dan memimpin Prisma. Begitu pula dengan Ignas Kleden, MA dalam Ilmu Filsafat dari Muenchen, yang turut memperkuat jajaran redaksi; Sjahrir, Ph.D dalam Government dari Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, meskipun tidak pernah menjadi anggota Dewan Redaksi Prisma secara resmi, ikut menjadi penyumbang dan cukup besar jasanya dalam tulisan maupun dalam memberikan ide. Namun demikian semua itu agaknya tidak banyak menolong menaikkan sirkulasi Prisma untuk mengembalikan posisi majalah ini pada masa terbaiknya.\n\nSebenarnya sejak tahun 1982-1983 majalah Prisma hampir setiap tahun terlambat terbit dua nomor. Pada tahun-tahun 1985 dan 1986 sesungguhnya diupayakan agar Prisma dapat kembali terbit teratur 12 nomor setiap tahun, tetapi kembali menurun pada tahun 1987 sampai 1990, menjadi 8 atau 9 nomor tiap tahun. Ketidakteraturan jadwal terbit dan jumlah nomor edisi itu sangat memengaruhi tiras penjualan Prisma, yang terus menurun hingga menjadi sekitar 4.000 eksemplar setiap edisi. Dalam keadaan demikian, Prisma masih terus berupaya “memperbaiki” penampilannya, yakni dengan membuat ilustrasi sampul dalam full colour beserta perubahan tata letak dan isi.\n\nDalam aspek usaha, Prisma mulai serius menggarap “suplemen” yakni semacam pariwara sebagai alternatif sumber pendapatan mengingat perolehan dari hasil iklan biasa yang sangat kecil. Suplemen mulai muncul dalam Prisma Maret 1986 yakni Wajah Komputer Buatan Indonesia yang menghimpun sponsor dari sejumlah perusahaan produsen komputer dalam negeri. Dalam edisi Mei 1986, majalah Prisma mengundang sejumlah perusahaan untuk bergabung dalam suplemen tentang perumahan berkaitan dengan topik tentang masalah ini yang disajikan oleh nomor tersebut. Suplemen berikut pada umumnya mengetengahkan pariwara tunggal dari satu perusahaan, baik yang terkait maupun yang tidak terkait dengan topik yang disajikan. Suplemen ini sedikit banyak dapat menopang kehidupan Prisma di tengah tiras penjualannya yang sulit kembali seperti pada akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an.\n\nMerosotnya kinerja Prisma yang berlanjut hingga awal tahun 1990-an telah mendorong pengasuh untuk menampilkan majalah dengan wajah yang sama sekali berubah dari yang selama ini dikenal, dengan maksud agar dapat kembali menarik pembaca. Upaya itu dapat dipahami mengingat masyarakat sudah dihadapkan pada begitu banyak alternatif bahan bacaan serta sumber informasi dalam bentuk lain. Oleh karena itu, mulai edisi Januari 1994 sampul Prisma tampil dengan gaya ilustrasi yang baru, kertas isi kembali digunakan HVS seperti awal mula terbit, tata letak isi juga berubah secara mencolok. Jumlah edisinya pun berhasil dikembalikan ke 12 nomor. Hal lain yang juga dilakukan adalah menekan harga agar tetap terjangkau pembaca, yakni ditentukan Rp. 4.000,- walaupun menurut perhitungan rasional seharusnya dua kali dari harga jual ini. Namun, perubahan sampul dari bingkai bundar yang merupakan ciri khas Prisma menjadi bingkai segi empat disayangkan oleh sebagian pembaca.\n\nTampaknya upaya itu tidak berhasil mengangkat kembali Prisma menjadi bacaan yang laris dan dicari. Pada tahun-tahun kemudian penjualan majalah ini terus merosot, yang menjadikan para pengasuh kehabisan akal tentang apalagi yang harus dilakukan. Di satu pihak, ada kepercayaan bahwa potensi pembaca Prisma akan bertambah banyak karena makin banyak orang terpelajar. Namun dalam kenyataannya majalah ini sulit menarik perhatian mereka. Pesaing dalam bentuk majalah sejenis tampaknya belum ada yang muncul, walaupun penerbitan buku-buku dengan isi dan tema yang sama memang sudah semakin banyak. Untuk mengatakan bahwa masyarakat lebih suka membaca buku daripada majalah, diperlukan data yang cukup memadai. Dan, sebelum data itu terkumpul Prisma sudah semakin jarang muncul, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1998 hanya terbit satu nomor. Secara kebetulan tahun tersebut bersamaan dengan tahun jatuhnya rezim pembangunan di Indonesia. Apakah Prisma yang dahulu muncul pertama kali sebagai majalah pembangunan memang harus berakhir pada tahun itu? Atau bagaimana hubungannya dengan apa yang ditulis Onghokham bahwa Prisma merupakan pencerminan dari wajah kaum cendekiawan Indonesia; menampilkan wajah cendekiawan Indonesia pada zamannya (Prisma, November 1980)? Tidak penting untuk dicari hubungannya. Yang penting Prisma perlu muncul kembali dengan perspektif dan semangat yang sesuai dengan zamannya.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n\n[[Kategori:Majalah Indonesia]]","hash":"be9730bb7a2062f066b42aef388d356ee90e795805e847fc3257e96ea20d956a","last_revision":"2022-05-24T18:08:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T13:17:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.221977","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Prisma diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial (LP3ES) pada 1971. Majalah ini sempat berhenti terbit sejak 1998 dan terbit kembali mulai 17 Juni 2009. Misi Prisma adalah menjadi media informasi dan forum pembahasan masalah pembangunan ekonomi, perkembangan sosial dan perubahan kultural di Indonesia dan sekitarnya. Berisi tulisan ilmiah populer, ringkasan hasil penelitian, survei, hipotesis atau gagasan orisinal yang kritis dan segar.\n\nDari berbagai peranan seperti tercantum dalam namanya, yakni penelitian, pendidikan dan penerangan, maka tidak pelak lagi LP3ES paling dikenal luas sebagai \"lembaga penerangan.\" Hal ini dapat dibenarkan bila yang dimaksud di sini adalah sebagai sebuah penerbit buku dan majalah. Dapat dipahami, karena produk-produk penerbitan LP3ES memang tersebar luas ke seluruh penjuru tanah air, dan bahkan ke tempat-tempat tertentu di luar negeri. Sebagai penerbit buku akademik, LP3ES dikenal dengan buku-buku teks universitas, terutama di bidang ekonomi, yang sengaja disusun oleh sarjana Indonesia dengan perspektif Indonesia pula. Begitu pula dengan buku-buku kajian kritis dalam berbagai subyek, baik karangan asli Indonesia maupun terjemahan. Karena spesialisasinya sebagai penerbit akademik maka keterkenalan LP3ES memang terkonsentrasi pada kalangan masyarakat yang berpendidikan tinggi saja.\n\nSebagai penerbit buku akademik, boleh jadi LP3ES tidak lagi memiliki keistimewaan yang khas sebagaimana dahulu sepanjang tahun 1970-an dan awal 1980-an, karena sekarang sudah sangat banyak penerbit yang memiliki produk serupa. Namun tidak demikian halnya dengan LP3ES sebagai penerbit Prisma, sebuah majalah akademik yang khas, yang boleh dikatakan hingga sekarang belum muncul pesaing yang setara dan serupa. Prisma menyajikan karangan ilmiah populer atau ekplorasi dan refleksi intelektual, praktis dalam semua bidang kajian yang termasuk dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial dan ekonomi. Dengan demikian Prisma bukan hanya sebuah jurnal ekonomi atau politik atau hukum saja, melainkan sebuah \"jurnal apa saja\" yang siap membahas topik-topik yang dianggap perlu dan menarik. Setiap nomor selalu menampilkan pembahasan suatu topik yang ditinjau dari berbagai sudut pandang, yang disajikan dalam karangan berbeda, sehingga menjadikannya semacam bunga rampai. Di samping itu, Prisma tidak mewakili suatu paham atau kelompok kepentingan tertentu, sehingga siapapun dapat menulis sejauh dapat memenuhi kriteria keahlian dalam bidang masing-masing.\n\nSeperti itulah kurang lebih gambaran Prisma ketika majalah ini sudah dikenal luas di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia pada akhir tahun 1970-an dan seterusnya. Prisma boleh dikatakan sukses sebagai sebuah majalah akademik dengan peredaran yang luas karena dapat memenuhi harapan masyarakat pembacanya. Di balik itu hendaklah diingat bahwa Prisma memang diterbitkan dengan maksud untuk disebar-luaskan dengan prinsip-prinsip sebuah usaha. Hal itu membedakannya dengan jurnal-jurnal akademik atau ilmiah yang lain, yang selain sangat terspesialisasi pada bidangnya, juga tidak diusahakan untuk disebar-luaskan. Dengan demikian, keberhasilan Prisma tidak hanya terletak pada kebijakan redaksional saja, tetapi juga pada upaya pemasaran yang sungguh-sungguh.\n\nPertama kali terbit pada bulan Nopember 1971, Prisma menampilkan diri sebagai sebuah \"majalah pembangunan.\" Suatu hal yang kiranya mudah dipahami, mengingat pada saat itu masyarakat Indonesia sedang memulai zaman pembangunan dengan semangat menyala-nyala. Semangat itu terlihat jelas dalam \"Pengantar Redaksi\" edisi pertama Prisma yang ditulis oleh Ismid Hadad, sebagai Redaktur dan Penanggung Jawab, yang antara lain menyatakan bahwa \"... Kita senantiasa tenggelam dalam manuvre2 politik praktis dan masalah2 rutin, hingga tak pernah sempat memikirkan rentjana masa depan Indonesia dari pandangan jang mendalam. Oleh karena itulah dizaman modern dimana tantangan2 pembangunan republik ini lebih menuntut digunakannja fikiran2 jang matang, makin terasa bahwa kita sekarang perlu kontemplasi, sambil madju terus mengedjar keterbelakangan. Apalagi bila kita tidak mau menemui bentjana2 dalam menjongsong Repelita Ke-II.\"\n\nOnghokham, salah seorang sejarawan Indonesia terkemuka, menyambut sepuluh tahun usia majalah ini, menulis, \"... Prisma tidak lain daripada suatu penerbitan teknokrasi umum yang dapat dikatakan 'liberal' yang prihatin terhadap segala persoalan masyarakat, yang berkisar dari masalah pendidikan anak-anak sampai ke ibu-ibu namun juga elite politik, bidang moneter dan lain-lain.\" (Prisma, November 1980). Prisma memang membahas berbagai masalah yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan. Nomor edisi pertama menyajikan banyak tulisan tentang pembangunan, antara lain ditulis oleh Soedjatmoko, Suhadi Mangkusuwondo, serta Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti. Edisi-edisi berikutnya pun selalu tampil dengan sebuah topik khusus, seperti Pembangunan Daerah, Pendidikan, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Ekonomi Pertanian, Teknologi, Industrialisasi, dan lain-lain.\n\nPrisma, sebagai majalah dwi-bulanan, mula-mula hadir dengan wajah dan tata letak yang cukup sederhana, memakai kertas HVS, dengan 52 halaman, namun pada edisi nomor 7 (Desember 1972) sudah menjadi 92 halaman, yang kemudian menjadi ukuran ketebalan rata-rata. Pada awalnya Prisma hanya terjual kira-kira 1.000 eksemplar, tetapi pada akhir tahun 1975 sudah mencapai 4.500 eksemplar, bersamaan dengan penampilan sampulnya yang sudah lebih meriah. Kenaikan omzet yang cukup menggembirakan namun belum optimal itu mendorong pengelola Prisma untuk semakin meluaskan pasar dengan mengubah penampilan majalah ini. Oleh karena itu pada tahun 1976 terjadi perubahan sangat substansial. Selain diterbitkan secara bulanan dan menggunakan kertas koran, Prisma tampil dengan tata letak isi dan sampul yang lebih \"ramah\" (dengan bingkai bundar yang kemudian menjadi ciri khas Prisma). Sejak saat itu pula Prisma menyajikan rubrik baru yang diberi nama Dialog sebagai pelengkap artikel-artikel tematis yang disajikan.\n\nSemua perubahan itu dimaksudkan agar Prisma dapat meraih pembaca yang lebih luas, dengan harga yang tetap murah. Jika sebelumnya hanya dijual lewat cara berlangganan langsung, atau di toko buku serta agen-agen khusus yang memiliki akses ke kalangan kampus, maka kemudian Prisma dapat diterima oleh agen-agen koran dan majalah umum serta dipajang di kios-kios mereka. Prisma menjadi pilihan alternatif dan semacam bacaan tingkat lanjutan bagi masyarakat yang relatif berpendidikan tinggi. Usaha pemasaran itu membuahkan hasil dengan naiknya jumlah penjualan yang berkisar antara 8.000 hingga 14.000 eksemplar setiap edisi. Dalam hal ini Prisma memang dapat dilihat sebagai suatu barang dagangan, dalam arti semakin menarik topik yang disajikan, makin banyak pula orang yang akan membeli. Turun-naiknya sirkulasi selalu tergantung dari isi. Nomor-nomor Prisma yang laris adalah yang mengetengahkan topik masalah (Juni 1976) dan Angkatan Muda (Desember 1977). Tapi, ada juga topik yang kurang diminati seperti tentang Olahraga (April 1978), dan mengenai Sastera (April 1979).\n\nTiga tahun setelah terbit, tepatnya bulan Oktober dan November 1974, LP3ES menyelenggarakan survai dengan mengambil sampel 1.250 responden (diperkirakan 11 persen dari populasi) pembaca Prisma di kota Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Ujungpandang (sekarang Makassar), dan Medan. Dari readership survey itu diketahui bahwa 88 persen pembaca Prisma adalah laki-laki dan hanya 12 persen perempuan. Dilihat dari kelompok umur, 33 persen pembaca Prisma berumur 19-26 tahun, 36 persen berumur 27-34 tahun, 20 persen berumur 35-42 tahun, dan 9 persen berumur 43-62 tahun. Ditinjau dari tingkat pendidikan, hampir semua pembaca Prisma berpendidikan di atas Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas, yaitu 23 persen tamatan SLTA, 34 persen sarjana muda atau tamat pendidikan akademi, 38 persen sarjana atau tamat pendidikan universitas dan 3 persen post-graduate. Dalam kelompok pekerjaan, pembaca Prisma terdiri dari 36 persen mahasiswa, 32 persen pejabat pemerintah, 13 persen pengajar atau dosen perguruan tinggi, 9 persen usaha swasta, 7 persen golongan profesional, dan 3 persen anggota ABRI (sekarang TNI dan Polri) dan kelompok lainnya.\n\nDari data hasil survei dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian terbesar pembaca Prisma (69 persen) adalah dari golongan muda atau kelompok umur 19-34 tahun, sebagian besar pembaca (72 persen) berpendidikan di atas sarjana muda, dan sebagian terbesar (49 persen) bekerja di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dan sebagian lagi (32 persen) dalam jabatan pemerintahan tingkat menengah. Dengan demikian hasil survei pembaca itu membuktikan bahwa ide dasar dan tujuan penerbitan majalah Prisma untuk menjadi forum komunikasi dan pembahasan masalah-masalah pembangunan sosial ekonomi bagi para sarjana dan cendekiawan muda serta media informasi bagi para praktisi dan pejabat pemerintahan di daerah-daerah, dalam batas-batas tertentu telah berhasil dicapai. Hal itu makin diperkuat oleh hasil survei, bahwa 88 persen pembaca Prisma menyatakan banyak menarik manfaat dan menggunakan artikel-artikel yang dimuat untuk menambah ilmu pengetahuan (28 persen) dan sebagai sumber informasi penting (22 persen), dan 19 persen menggunakannya untuk menyusun karya tulis, dan selebihnya menggunakan Prisma untuk bahan perencanaan pedoman mengajar, bahan ujian, dan lain-lain.\n\nDalam hal itu, di tengah dinamika intern Prisma, muncul \"perdebatan\" hangat di antara bagian redaksi dan pemasaran tentang topik apa yang sebetulnya dikatakan dapat laris di pasar. Persoalannya mungkin topik yang disajikan harus mempertimbangkan faktor penjualan, berarti berupaya mengikuti selera masyarakat dan berarti pula tetap relevan bagi masyarakat. Bagian Pemasaran selalu mengatakan bahwa sirkulasi Prisma yang tinggi itu karena pekerjaan pemasaran, tetapi sebaliknya Redaksi mengatakan bahwa kalau memang demikian mengapa pemasaran tidak bisa menjual nomor-nomor yang tidak disukai pembaca karena terlalu berat, terlalu kering. Barangkali \"pertengkaran\" itu bukan hanya terjadi dalam tubuh Prisma saja. Soal \"klasik\" itu juga sering terjadi di badan-badan penerbitan lain. Justru di tengah dinamika internal itu Prisma mampu meneguhkan posisinya.\n\n\"\" (Prisma, Agustus 1977) merupakan edisi Prisma yang paling laku dan tidak pernah bisa dilewati lagi—dicetak dua kali sebagai majalah, dan dicetak dua kali dalam bentuk buku, pengalaman pertama untuk jurnal dalam sejarah dunia. Penjualan paling tinggi memang dicapai oleh Prisma pada edisi biografi tersebut, dengan jumlah sekitar 22.000 eksemplar. Tokoh Soekarno, Jenderal Soedirman, Tan Malaka, dan lain-lain yang dibahas dalam nomor itu membuat orang sangat berminat untuk membacanya. Dapat dikatakan, sejak edisi itulah Prisma makin dikenal oleh kalangan masyarakat yang lebih luas, di luar basis kelompok pembaca sebelumnya. Tidak mengherankan bila kemudian beberapa biro iklan mendatangi Prisma dan membuat kontrak pemasangan iklan (sebagian besar produk rokok) untuk selama satu atau dua tahun. Padahal, sebelumnya dan juga pada masa-masa setelah itu, cukup sulit mencari produsen yang berminat memakai Prisma sebagai media promosi mereka.\n\nDilihat dari segi angka penjualan, maka tahun-tahun akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an dapat dikatakan sebagai masa kejayaan Prisma. Hal itu berlangsung bersamaan dengan pembaharuan isi Prisma yang makin semarak dengan rubrik-rubrik baru. Tahun 1978 mulai muncul rubrik Laporan Khusus, meskipun sempat ditunda beberapa tahun, sebuah laporan jurnalistik yang digarap sendiri oleh tim redaksi, dan disajikan setiap tiga bulan yang tidak harus sejalan dengan topik utama. Rubrik lain yang mulai diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1979 antara lain Dunia Ketiga, yang menerjemahkan tulisan tentang berbagai masalah yang dihadapi negara-negara berkembang, khususnya di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Rubrik Tesis, yang menyajikan ringkasan tesis atau disertasi di bidang-bidang ilmu sosial, terutama ditulis oleh sarjana Indonesia dan mengenai masalah Indonesia. Rubrik Tinjauan Buku, selain tinjauan secara konvensional, juga ditambah ulasan singkat sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak buku yang dapat disajikan. Rubrik-rubrik baru tersebut membuat isi Prisma lebih bervariasi sehingga pembaca memperoleh pilihan selain artikel-artikel yang selalu membahas topik atau tema tertentu.\n\nRubrik Tokoh menyajikan tulisan yang menganalisis tokoh-tokoh sejarah Indonesia, dan rubrik ini dimunculkan pada tahun 1982. Rubrik khusus itu pula yang sangat disimak oleh kalangan pembaca, termasuk pemerintah Orde Baru. Kelaziman waktu itu, mungkin sampai sekarang, setiap penerbit diharuskan menyerahkan beberapa nomor bukti penerbitan ke pelbagai instansi pemerintah. Prisma agaknya dianggap sangat menyita perhatian Orde Baru saat mengulas tokoh-tokoh tertentu dalam rubrik Tokoh. Ketika itu beberapa penulis yang dipenjarakan di Pulau Buru dilepaskan serta diberi kesempatan kembali pada profesi semula, Prisma segera memanfaatkan sebagian dari mereka. Prisma segera mendapat \"peringatan tertulis\" dari Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia.\n\nDepartemen Penerangan menilai Prisma menjadi ajang kaum kiri dalam mengembangkan atau \"menjurus pada penyerbar-luasan ajaran-ajaran Komunis.\" Dalam bahasa pemerintah sesuai dengan surat dari Departemen Penerangan tertanggal 2 Maret 1983 itu dinyatakan bahwa \".... penonjolan tokoh-tokoh tersebut [tokoh Cornel Simanjuntak dalam Prisma, No.2, Februari 1982; S.M. Kartosuwiryo dalam Prisma, No.5, Mei 1982; Aidit dalam Prisma, No.7, Juli 1982; Oerip Soemohardjo dalam Prisma, No.9, September 1982; dan tulisan Jacques Leclerc dalam Prisma, No.12, Desember 1982] seolah-olah merupakan Perjuangan Politik Komunis untuk melakukan penggalangan terhadap masyarakat melalui Majalah Prisma, agar dapat menerima kembali kehadiran PKI dalam masyarakat atau usaha menghidupkan kembali PKI di Indonesia.\" Satu bulan setelah itu, tepatnya 16 April 1983, Penanggung Jawab dan Redaksi Prisma \"diminta untuk menghadap\" pihak kejaksaan. Ismid Hadad, M. Dawam Rahardjo, dan Daniel Dhakidae sempat diinterograsi oleh pihak Kejaksaan Tinggi DKI Jakarta.\n\nHal yang nyaris serupa dialami Prisma beberapa tahun kemudian. Kali ini Departemen Penerangan \".... setelah mengadakan penelitian terhadap isi majalah Prisma No.6 Tahun XVI edisi bulan Juni 1987 yang dikirimkan kepada Departemen Penerangan ..., kami temukan beberapa tulisan/artikel khususnya yang menyoroti peranan angkatan muda yang menurut kami patut mendapat perhatian serius...\" Surat peringatan tertanggal 21 Agustus 1987 itu menyimpulkan bahwa \"... isi beberapa tulisan dari Majalah Prisma No.6 Tahun XVI, cenderung merupakan sebuah pameran ilmu yang dapat menyesatkan dan membangkitkan keresahan masyarakat.... Majalah Prisma mempunyai kecenderungan untuk 'menghasut' pemuda dan mahasiswa untuk bergerak mengubah sistem politik dan kepemimpinan politik di indonesia.... Majalah Prisma secara tersirat mempunyai kecenderungan mengajak mahasiswa dan generasi muda untuk bangkit menjadi satu-satunya oposisi yang ampuh dalam masyarakat... Majalah Prisma berusaha membentuk opini publik di kalangan masyarakat, bahwa sistem politik yang berlaku di Indonesia adalah teori politik Jawa yang berwujud dalam kekuasaan pemimpin, sementara angkatan muda menjadi kekuatan pinggiran... Majalah Prisma berusaha membentuk opini publik yang cenderung untuk menyesatkan masyarakat pembaca dan untuk mempertentangkan peranan ABRI dan lembaga-lembaga sipil di dalam menjalankan politik pemerintahan di Indonesia.\" Penutup surat peringatan yang kerap dilayangkan Orde Baru kepada Prisma untuk nomor-nomor tertentu biasanya \"... agar di waktu yang akan datang majalah Prisma lebih berhati-hati dalam memuat tulisan yang sifatnya menghasut dan mempertentangkan antara komponen-komponen pendukung terlaksananya pembangunan nasional.\" Dengan melakukan beberapa \"penyesuaian\" di sana-sini Prisma tetap dapat terbit hingga tahun 1998.\n\nMeskipun sempat laris, tiras penjualan Prisma sebenarnya tidak pernah mencapai tingkat yang membuat majalah ini untung secara finansial atau menghasilkan pendapatan yang memungkinkan bisa berdiri sendiri secara bisnis. Sejak semula manajemen dan kegiatan operasional Prisma memang menjadi satu dengan penerbitan buku. Sebagian personelnya, seperti di bagian administrasi dan pemasaran, juga merangkap sebagai personel untuk kegiatan yang sama pada penerbitan buku.\n\nDari sudut pandang ideal, yakni sebagai sarana penerangan bagi masyarakat umum, Prisma tidak hanya dikenal di Indonesia karena sejak awal majalah ini juga memiliki edisi bahasa Inggris. Edisi itu diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 1975, semula dua kali dalam setahun kemudian menjadi empat-bulanan. Isinya merupakan terjemahan artikel-artikel pilihan yang telah atau akan dimuat dalam Prisma bahasa Indonesia. Edisi ini terutama \"diekspor\" ke luar negeri dan diterima oleh agen-agen yang cukup setia di Belanda, Amerika Serikat, Australia dan Singapura, di samping sejumlah pelanggan pribadi. Omzet edisi ini hanya 1.000 eksemplar dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh keuntungan, melainkan lebih untuk memenuhi amanat Anggaran Dasar LP3ES yang antara lain berbunyi: \"Menyebarkan pengetahuan yang luas tentang keadaan sosial dan ekonomi Indonesia kepada bangsa lain.\" Fungsi utamanya jelas sebagai \"public relation\" LP3ES terhadap dunia internasional, terutama untuk memberi informasi dan menarik perhatian lembaga-lembaga ilmiah dan sumber-sumber dana di luar negeri. Edisi bahasa Inggris itu bisa mengisi sebagian kevakuman media komunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris tentang Indonesia yang saat itu makin dibutuhkan oleh publik asing yang banyak di Indonesia, maupun di luar negeri.\n\nDalam sorotan sehubungan dengan dua puluh dua tahun usia Prisma, Richard Z. Leirissa menulis, \"Suatu hal yang menggembirakan adalah bahwa dalam dasawarsa 80-an permasalahan yang mendasar seperti strategi kebudayaan juga mulai mendapat tempat yang penting... Persoalan ini sudah muncul dalam Prisma pada tahun 1981.\" Prisma, dalam edisi November 1981, memang menyuguhkan topik berjudul Perbenturan Nilai-nilai di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1987, Prisma menurunkan topik berjudul Stategi Kebudayaan: Mencari yang Lebih Tepat (Prisma, Maret 1987), yang antara lain dilengkapi dengan laporan wawancara Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Fuad Hassan sehubungan dengan rencana penyelenggaraan Kongres Kebudayaan. Penulis nomor itu antara lain Emil Salim, Umar Kayam, Arief Budiman, dan Gunawan Mohamad. Leirissa menekankan bahwa hal yang menarik dari artikel-artikel dalam edisi tersebut adalah strategi kebudayaan tetap dilihat dalam kaitan dengan strategi pembangunan.\n\nNamun ada hal lain yang perlu dicatat. Sejak pertengahan tahun 1980-an penjualan Prisma mulai mengalami penurunan seiring dengan terlambatnya jadwal terbit. Yang disebut sebagai terlambatnya jadwal terbit hanyalah akibat dari semacam intellectual fatigue, kelelahan intelektual, di kalangan redaksi yang pada awal terbitnya dimaksudkan sebagai penampung, semacam Receptacle, kini dituntut untuk menjadi \"penuntun\" yang secara pro-aktif merumuskan soal, memahami arah kecenderungan politik dan ekonomi, teori politik dan ekonomi. Semuanya menjadi tuntutan yang boleh dibilang berlebihan bagi para pengasuh, yang ketika itu tidak ada satu pun yang memiliki ijazah Ph.D dalam bidang apa pun. Pergaulan intelektual, akademik, boleh dibilang juga terbatas. Kedua, mulai bertumbuhan pusat-pusat baru yang kecil namun tersebar di mana-mana. Dengan \"dikandangkannya\" mahasiswa di kampus-kampus universitas, pemerintah mensponsori jurnal-jurnal akademik di kampus. Dengan memberikan nilai kredit yang tinggi bagi tulisan di jurnal tersebut, Prisma mendapat pesaing kuat di lingkaran kampus. Ketiga di luar universitas perkembangan ilmu-ilmu sosial kritis tidak lagi melihat Prisma sebagai majalah yang tepat untuk menampung atau mengeluarkan aspirasi.\n\nNamun untuk mengatasinya, tim redaksi Prisma, terutama setelah tahun 1984 mendapatkan suntikan beberapa tenaga baru anggota yang memiliki ijazah pendidikan formal tinggi. Beberapa di antaranya adalah Farchan Bulkin, Ph.D dalam ilmu politik dari University of Seattle, masuk dan memimpin Prisma. Begitu pula dengan Ignas Kleden, MA dalam Ilmu Filsafat dari Muenchen, yang turut memperkuat jajaran redaksi; Sjahrir, Ph.D dalam Government dari Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, meskipun tidak pernah menjadi anggota Dewan Redaksi Prisma secara resmi, ikut menjadi penyumbang dan cukup besar jasanya dalam tulisan maupun dalam memberikan ide. Namun demikian semua itu agaknya tidak banyak menolong menaikkan sirkulasi Prisma untuk mengembalikan posisi majalah ini pada masa terbaiknya.\n\nSebenarnya sejak tahun 1982-1983 majalah Prisma hampir setiap tahun terlambat terbit dua nomor. Pada tahun-tahun 1985 dan 1986 sesungguhnya diupayakan agar Prisma dapat kembali terbit teratur 12 nomor setiap tahun, tetapi kembali menurun pada tahun 1987 sampai 1990, menjadi 8 atau 9 nomor tiap tahun. Ketidakteraturan jadwal terbit dan jumlah nomor edisi itu sangat memengaruhi tiras penjualan Prisma, yang terus menurun hingga menjadi sekitar 4.000 eksemplar setiap edisi. Dalam keadaan demikian, Prisma masih terus berupaya \"memperbaiki\" penampilannya, yakni dengan membuat ilustrasi sampul dalam full colour beserta perubahan tata letak dan isi.\n\nDalam aspek usaha, Prisma mulai serius menggarap \"suplemen\" yakni semacam pariwara sebagai alternatif sumber pendapatan mengingat perolehan dari hasil iklan biasa yang sangat kecil. Suplemen mulai muncul dalam Prisma Maret 1986 yakni Wajah Komputer Buatan Indonesia yang menghimpun sponsor dari sejumlah perusahaan produsen komputer dalam negeri. Dalam edisi Mei 1986, majalah Prisma mengundang sejumlah perusahaan untuk bergabung dalam suplemen tentang perumahan berkaitan dengan topik tentang masalah ini yang disajikan oleh nomor tersebut. Suplemen berikut pada umumnya mengetengahkan pariwara tunggal dari satu perusahaan, baik yang terkait maupun yang tidak terkait dengan topik yang disajikan. Suplemen ini sedikit banyak dapat menopang kehidupan Prisma di tengah tiras penjualannya yang sulit kembali seperti pada akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an.\n\nMerosotnya kinerja Prisma yang berlanjut hingga awal tahun 1990-an telah mendorong pengasuh untuk menampilkan majalah dengan wajah yang sama sekali berubah dari yang selama ini dikenal, dengan maksud agar dapat kembali menarik pembaca. Upaya itu dapat dipahami mengingat masyarakat sudah dihadapkan pada begitu banyak alternatif bahan bacaan serta sumber informasi dalam bentuk lain. Oleh karena itu, mulai edisi Januari 1994 sampul Prisma tampil dengan gaya ilustrasi yang baru, kertas isi kembali digunakan HVS seperti awal mula terbit, tata letak isi juga berubah secara mencolok. Jumlah edisinya pun berhasil dikembalikan ke 12 nomor. Hal lain yang juga dilakukan adalah menekan harga agar tetap terjangkau pembaca, yakni ditentukan Rp. 4.000,- walaupun menurut perhitungan rasional seharusnya dua kali dari harga jual ini. Namun, perubahan sampul dari bingkai bundar yang merupakan ciri khas Prisma menjadi bingkai segi empat disayangkan oleh sebagian pembaca.\n\nTampaknya upaya itu tidak berhasil mengangkat kembali Prisma menjadi bacaan yang laris dan dicari. Pada tahun-tahun kemudian penjualan majalah ini terus merosot, yang menjadikan para pengasuh kehabisan akal tentang apalagi yang harus dilakukan. Di satu pihak, ada kepercayaan bahwa potensi pembaca Prisma akan bertambah banyak karena makin banyak orang terpelajar. Namun dalam kenyataannya majalah ini sulit menarik perhatian mereka. Pesaing dalam bentuk majalah sejenis tampaknya belum ada yang muncul, walaupun penerbitan buku-buku dengan isi dan tema yang sama memang sudah semakin banyak. Untuk mengatakan bahwa masyarakat lebih suka membaca buku daripada majalah, diperlukan data yang cukup memadai. Dan, sebelum data itu terkumpul Prisma sudah semakin jarang muncul, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1998 hanya terbit satu nomor. Secara kebetulan tahun tersebut bersamaan dengan tahun jatuhnya rezim pembangunan di Indonesia. Apakah Prisma yang dahulu muncul pertama kali sebagai majalah pembangunan memang harus berakhir pada tahun itu? Atau bagaimana hubungannya dengan apa yang ditulis Onghokham bahwa Prisma merupakan pencerminan dari wajah kaum cendekiawan Indonesia; menampilkan wajah cendekiawan Indonesia pada zamannya (Prisma, November 1980)? Tidak penting untuk dicari hubungannya. Yang penting Prisma perlu muncul kembali dengan perspektif dan semangat yang sesuai dengan zamannya.\n\nKategori:Majalah Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Prisma diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi dan Sosial (LP3ES) pada 1971.","translated_text":"Prisma was published by the Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Explanation (LP3ES) in 1971.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Majalah ini sempat berhenti terbit sejak 1998 dan terbit kembali mulai 17 Juni 2009.","translated_text":"The magazine ceased publication in 1998 and was republished on June 17, 2009.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Misi Prisma adalah menjadi media informasi dan forum pembahasan masalah pembangunan ekonomi, perkembangan sosial dan perubahan kultural di Indonesia dan sekitarnya.","translated_text":"Prisma's mission is to be an information and discussion forum for economic development, social development and cultural change in and around Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berisi tulisan ilmiah populer, ringkasan hasil penelitian, survei, hipotesis atau gagasan orisinal yang kritis dan segar.","translated_text":"Contains popular scientific writings, summaries of research results, surveys, hypotheses or original ideas that are critical and fresh.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prisma, Pasang Surut Sebuah Majalah Akademik","translated_text":"Prisma, Publishing an Academic Magazine","level":2,"citations":[{"content":"[LP3ES Kenangan 35 Tahun (Jakarta: LP3ES, 2006)]","char_index":44,"name":"Kenangan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari berbagai peranan seperti tercantum dalam namanya, yakni penelitian, pendidikan dan penerangan, maka tidak pelak lagi LP3ES paling dikenal luas sebagai \"lembaga penerangan.\"","translated_text":"Of the various roles listed in its name, namely research, education and enlightenment, the LP3ES is no longer the most widely known as the \"enlightenment institution\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini dapat dibenarkan bila yang dimaksud di sini adalah sebagai sebuah penerbit buku dan majalah.","translated_text":"This can be justified if you are referring here to a publisher of books and magazines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dapat dipahami, karena produk-produk penerbitan LP3ES memang tersebar luas ke seluruh penjuru tanah air, dan bahkan ke tempat-tempat tertentu di luar negeri.","translated_text":"It is understandable, for LP3ES publishing products have indeed spread widely throughout the homeland, and even to certain places abroad.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai penerbit buku akademik, LP3ES dikenal dengan buku-buku teks universitas, terutama di bidang ekonomi, yang sengaja disusun oleh sarjana Indonesia dengan perspektif Indonesia pula.","translated_text":"As an academic book publisher, LP3ES is known for its university textbooks, especially in the field of economics, which are intentionally compiled by Indonesian scholars from an Indonesian perspective as well.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Begitu pula dengan buku-buku kajian kritis dalam berbagai subyek, baik karangan asli Indonesia maupun terjemahan.","translated_text":"The same is true of critical review books on a wide range of subjects, both original Indonesian and translation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena spesialisasinya sebagai penerbit akademik maka keterkenalan LP3ES memang terkonsentrasi pada kalangan masyarakat yang berpendidikan tinggi saja.","translated_text":"Because of its specialization as an academic publisher, the LP3ES' reputation is indeed concentrated among the highly educated.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai penerbit buku akademik, boleh jadi LP3ES tidak lagi memiliki keistimewaan yang khas sebagaimana dahulu sepanjang tahun 1970-an dan awal 1980-an, karena sekarang sudah sangat banyak penerbit yang memiliki produk serupa.","translated_text":"As an academic book publisher, LP3ES may no longer have the distinctive privileges it once had throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, as many publishers now have similar products.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun tidak demikian halnya dengan LP3ES sebagai penerbit Prisma, sebuah majalah akademik yang khas, yang boleh dikatakan hingga sekarang belum muncul pesaing yang setara dan serupa.","translated_text":"But this is not the case with LP3ES as the publisher of Prisma, a distinctive academic magazine, which can be said to date has not emerged as an equal and similar competitor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma menyajikan karangan ilmiah populer atau ekplorasi dan refleksi intelektual, praktis dalam semua bidang kajian yang termasuk dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial dan ekonomi.","translated_text":"Prisma presents popular scientific essays or explorations and intellectual reflections, practical in all fields of study included in the social and economic sciences.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan demikian Prisma bukan hanya sebuah jurnal ekonomi atau politik atau hukum saja, melainkan sebuah \"jurnal apa saja\" yang siap membahas topik-topik yang dianggap perlu dan menarik.","translated_text":"Thus Prisma is not merely an economic or political or legal journal, but a \"journal of any kind\" ready to cover topics considered necessary and interesting.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap nomor selalu menampilkan pembahasan suatu topik yang ditinjau dari berbagai sudut pandang, yang disajikan dalam karangan berbeda, sehingga menjadikannya semacam bunga rampai.","translated_text":"Each issue always features a discussion of a topic reviewed from a variety of points of view, presented in a different essay, making it a kind of foreshadowing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu, Prisma tidak mewakili suatu paham atau kelompok kepentingan tertentu, sehingga siapapun dapat menulis sejauh dapat memenuhi kriteria keahlian dalam bidang masing-masing.","translated_text":"In addition, Prisma does not represent a particular understanding or interest group, so anyone can write as far as they can meet the criteria of expertise in their respective fields.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Seperti itulah kurang lebih gambaran Prisma ketika majalah ini sudah dikenal luas di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia pada akhir tahun 1970-an dan seterusnya.","translated_text":"That's more or less what Prisma looked like when the magazine was widely known in Indonesian society in the late 1970s and beyond.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma boleh dikatakan sukses sebagai sebuah majalah akademik dengan peredaran yang luas karena dapat memenuhi harapan masyarakat pembacanya.","translated_text":"Prisma was arguably successful as an academic magazine with wide circulation because it could meet the expectations of its readers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di balik itu hendaklah diingat bahwa Prisma memang diterbitkan dengan maksud untuk disebar-luaskan dengan prinsip-prinsip sebuah usaha.","translated_text":"It should be borne in mind that Prisma was indeed published with the intention of being disseminated by the principles of an enterprise.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal itu membedakannya dengan jurnal-jurnal akademik atau ilmiah yang lain, yang selain sangat terspesialisasi pada bidangnya, juga tidak diusahakan untuk disebar-luaskan.","translated_text":"That distinguishes it from other academic or scientific journals, which, in addition to being highly specialized in their field, do not seek to disseminate it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan demikian, keberhasilan Prisma tidak hanya terletak pada kebijakan redaksional saja, tetapi juga pada upaya pemasaran yang sungguh-sungguh.","translated_text":"Thus, Prisma's success lies not only in editorial policy, but also in sincere marketing efforts.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prisma Sebagai Majalah Pembangunan","translated_text":"Prisma as a Building Magazine","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pertama kali terbit pada bulan Nopember 1971, Prisma menampilkan diri sebagai sebuah \"majalah pembangunan.\"","translated_text":"First published in November 1971, Prisma presents itself as a \"development magazine\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suatu hal yang kiranya mudah dipahami, mengingat pada saat itu masyarakat Indonesia sedang memulai zaman pembangunan dengan semangat menyala-nyala.","translated_text":"Something that should have been easy to understand, considering that at the time Indonesian society was entering the era of development with a burning spirit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semangat itu terlihat jelas dalam \"Pengantar Redaksi\" edisi pertama Prisma yang ditulis oleh Ismid Hadad, sebagai Redaktur dan Penanggung Jawab, yang antara lain menyatakan bahwa \"...","translated_text":"That spirit is evident in the \"Editorial Sentinel\" of the first edition of Prisma written by Ismid Hadad, as Editor and Responsible, who among other things stated that \"...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kita senantiasa tenggelam dalam manuvre2 politik praktis dan masalah2 rutin, hingga tak pernah sempat memikirkan rentjana masa depan Indonesia dari pandangan jang mendalam.","translated_text":"We are constantly immersed in practical political manoeuvres and routine problems, so much so that we never have time to think about the future of Indonesia from a deeper perspective.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itulah dizaman modern dimana tantangan2 pembangunan republik ini lebih menuntut digunakannja fikiran2 jang matang, makin terasa bahwa kita sekarang perlu kontemplasi, sambil madju terus mengedjar keterbelakangan.","translated_text":"That's why in the modern era, where the challenges of developing a republic are more demanding for the use of mature minds, it's increasingly felt that we need to contemplate, while the tide keeps falling behind.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apalagi bila kita tidak mau menemui bentjana2 dalam menjongsong Repelita Ke-II.\"","translated_text":"Especially if we don't want to encounter the tricks of the trade in supporting Repeat II\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Onghokham, salah seorang sejarawan Indonesia terkemuka, menyambut sepuluh tahun usia majalah ini, menulis, \"...","translated_text":"Onghokham, one of Indonesia's leading historians, celebrated the magazine's 10th anniversary by writing, \"...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma tidak lain daripada suatu penerbitan teknokrasi umum yang dapat dikatakan 'liberal' yang prihatin terhadap segala persoalan masyarakat, yang berkisar dari masalah pendidikan anak-anak sampai ke ibu-ibu namun juga elite politik, bidang moneter dan lain-lain.\"","translated_text":"Prisma is nothing more than a general, so-called 'liberal' technocratic publication concerned with all matters of society, ranging from children's education to mothers but also the political elite, the monetary sphere and so on\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Prisma, November 1980).","translated_text":"(Prisma, November 1980).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma memang membahas berbagai masalah yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan.","translated_text":"Prisma did address a number of development-related issues.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nomor edisi pertama menyajikan banyak tulisan tentang pembangunan, antara lain ditulis oleh Soedjatmoko, Suhadi Mangkusuwondo, serta Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti.","translated_text":"The first issue presents many writings on construction, among others written by Soedjatmoko, Suhadi Mangkusuwondo, and Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edisi","translated_text":"The edition","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-edisi berikutnya pun selalu tampil dengan sebuah topik khusus, seperti Pembangunan Daerah, Pendidikan, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Ekonomi Pertanian, Teknologi, Industrialisasi, dan lain-lain.","translated_text":"The next edition always featured a specific topic, such as Regional Development, Education, Public Health, Agricultural Economy, Technology, Industrialization, etc.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Prisma, sebagai majalah dwi-bulanan, mula-mula hadir dengan wajah dan tata letak yang cukup sederhana, memakai kertas HVS, dengan 52 halaman, namun pada edisi nomor 7 (Desember 1972) sudah menjadi 92 halaman, yang kemudian menjadi ukuran ketebalan rata-rata.","translated_text":"Prisma, as a bi-monthly magazine, initially came with a fairly simple face and layout, using HVS paper, with 52 pages, but by issue number 7 (December 1972) it had grown to 92 pages, which later became an average thickness size.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada awalnya Prisma hanya terjual kira-kira 1.000 eksemplar, tetapi pada akhir tahun 1975 sudah mencapai 4.500 eksemplar, bersamaan dengan penampilan sampulnya yang sudah lebih meriah.","translated_text":"Prisma initially sold only about 1,000 copies, but by the end of 1975 it had reached 4,500 copies, along with its more vibrant cover appearance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kenaikan omzet yang cukup menggembirakan namun belum optimal itu mendorong pengelola Prisma untuk semakin meluaskan pasar dengan mengubah penampilan majalah ini.","translated_text":"An exciting but not optimal turnover prompted Prisma's managers to expand the market further by changing the magazine's appearance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu pada tahun 1976 terjadi perubahan sangat substansial.","translated_text":"So in 1976 there was a very substantial change.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain diterbitkan secara bulanan dan menggunakan kertas koran, Prisma tampil dengan tata letak isi dan sampul yang lebih \"ramah\" (dengan bingkai bundar yang kemudian menjadi ciri khas Prisma).","translated_text":"In addition to being published monthly and using newspaper paper, Prisma featured a more \"friendly\" content layout and cover (with a round frame that later became Prisma's hallmark).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak saat itu pula Prisma menyajikan rubrik baru yang diberi nama Dialog sebagai pelengkap artikel-artikel tematis yang disajikan.","translated_text":"Since then Prisma has presented a new section called Dialogue as a complement to the thematic articles presented.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Semua perubahan itu dimaksudkan agar Prisma dapat meraih pembaca yang lebih luas, dengan harga yang tetap murah.","translated_text":"All of these changes were intended to allow Prisma to reach a wider readership, at an affordable price.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika sebelumnya hanya dijual lewat cara berlangganan langsung, atau di toko buku serta agen-agen khusus yang memiliki akses ke kalangan kampus, maka kemudian Prisma dapat diterima oleh agen-agen koran dan majalah umum serta dipajang di kios-kios mereka.","translated_text":"If previously it was only sold by direct subscription, or in bookstores and specialized agencies that had access to campus communities, then Prisma could be accepted by public newspaper and magazine agencies and displayed at their kiosks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma menjadi pilihan alternatif dan semacam bacaan tingkat lanjutan bagi masyarakat yang relatif berpendidikan tinggi.","translated_text":"Prism became an alternative option and a kind of advanced level reading for a relatively highly educated society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Usaha pemasaran itu membuahkan hasil dengan naiknya jumlah penjualan yang berkisar antara 8.000 hingga 14.000 eksemplar setiap edisi.","translated_text":"The marketing effort paid off with an increase in sales of between 8,000 and 14,000 copies per issue.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam hal ini Prisma memang dapat dilihat sebagai suatu barang dagangan, dalam arti semakin menarik topik yang disajikan, makin banyak pula orang yang akan membeli.","translated_text":"In this case Prisma can indeed be seen as a commodity, in the sense that the more interesting the topic presented, the more people will buy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Turun-naiknya sirkulasi selalu tergantung dari isi.","translated_text":"The ups and downs of circulation always depend on the contents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nomor","translated_text":"The number.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-nomor Prisma yang laris adalah yang mengetengahkan topik masalah (Juni 1976) dan Angkatan Muda (Desember 1977).","translated_text":"The best-selling Prisma numbers are those highlighting the issue topic (June 1976) and the Young Force (December 1977).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi, ada juga topik yang kurang diminati seperti tentang Olahraga (April 1978), dan mengenai Sastera (April 1979).","translated_text":"However, there are also less-interested topics such as Sports (April 1978), and Sastera (April 1979).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tiga tahun setelah terbit, tepatnya bulan Oktober dan November 1974, LP3ES menyelenggarakan survai dengan mengambil sampel 1.250 responden (diperkirakan 11 persen dari populasi) pembaca Prisma di kota Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Ujungpandang (sekarang Makassar), dan Medan.","translated_text":"Three years after its publication, namely in October and November 1974, LP3ES conducted a survey by taking a sample of 1,250 respondents (an estimated 11 percent of the population) of Prisma readers in the cities of Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Ujungpandang (now Makassar), and Medan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari readership survey itu diketahui bahwa 88 persen pembaca Prisma adalah laki-laki dan hanya 12 persen perempuan.","translated_text":"The readership survey revealed that 88 percent of Prisma's readers were men and only 12 percent were women.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dilihat dari kelompok umur, 33 persen pembaca Prisma berumur 19-26 tahun, 36 persen berumur 27-34 tahun, 20 persen berumur 35-42 tahun, dan 9 persen berumur 43-62 tahun.","translated_text":"Seen from the age group, 33 percent of Prisma readers are 19-26 years old, 36 percent are 27-34 years old, 20 percent are 35-42 years old, and 9 percent are 43-62 years old.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ditinjau dari tingkat pendidikan, hampir semua pembaca Prisma berpendidikan di atas Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas, yaitu 23 persen tamatan SLTA, 34 persen sarjana muda atau tamat pendidikan akademi, 38 persen sarjana atau tamat pendidikan universitas dan 3 persen post-graduate.","translated_text":"Reviewed from an educational level, almost all Prisma readers are educated above Upper Secondary Schools, i.e. 23 percent of SLTA graduates, 34 percent of undergraduate or graduate college graduates, 38 percent of undergraduate or graduate university graduates and 3 percent of post-graduates.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam kelompok pekerjaan, pembaca Prisma terdiri dari 36 persen mahasiswa, 32 persen pejabat pemerintah, 13 persen pengajar atau dosen perguruan tinggi, 9 persen usaha swasta, 7 persen golongan profesional, dan 3 persen anggota ABRI (sekarang TNI dan Polri) dan kelompok lainnya.","translated_text":"In the working group, Prisma readers consisted of 36 percent of students, 32 percent of government officials, 13 percent of college teachers or lecturers, 9 percent of private enterprises, 7 percent of the professional group, and 3 percent of members of ABRI (now TNI and Polri) and other groups.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari data hasil survei dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian terbesar pembaca Prisma (69 persen) adalah dari golongan muda atau kelompok umur 19-34 tahun, sebagian besar pembaca (72 persen) berpendidikan di atas sarjana muda, dan sebagian terbesar (49 persen) bekerja di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dan sebagian lagi (32 persen) dalam jabatan pemerintahan tingkat menengah.","translated_text":"From survey data it can be concluded that the largest proportion of Prisma's readers (69 percent) are from the youth or age group of 19-34 years, the largest proportion (72 percent) are undergraduate, and the largest proportion (49 percent) work in a college setting and the remainder (32 percent) in middle-level government positions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan demikian hasil survei pembaca itu membuktikan bahwa ide dasar dan tujuan penerbitan majalah Prisma untuk menjadi forum komunikasi dan pembahasan masalah-masalah pembangunan sosial ekonomi bagi para sarjana dan cendekiawan muda serta media informasi bagi para praktisi dan pejabat pemerintahan di daerah-daerah, dalam batas-batas tertentu telah berhasil dicapai.","translated_text":"The results of the reader's survey thus prove that the basic idea and purpose of publishing the magazine Prisma to be a forum for communication and discussion of social and economic development issues for young scholars and scholars as well as the media of information for practitioners and government officials in the regions, to some extent, has been successfully achieved.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal itu makin diperkuat oleh hasil survei, bahwa 88 persen pembaca Prisma menyatakan banyak menarik manfaat dan menggunakan artikel-artikel yang dimuat untuk menambah ilmu pengetahuan (28 persen) dan sebagai sumber informasi penting (22 persen), dan 19 persen menggunakannya untuk menyusun karya tulis, dan selebihnya menggunakan Prisma untuk bahan perencanaan pedoman mengajar, bahan ujian, dan lain-lain.","translated_text":"This is further reinforced by the results of the survey, in which 88 percent of Prisma's readers stated that the articles published were of great interest and used them to add to science (28 percent) and as an important source of information (22 percent), and 19 percent used them to compile written works, and the rest used Prisma for teaching guideline planning materials, exam materials, and so on.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam hal itu, di tengah dinamika intern Prisma, muncul \"perdebatan\" hangat di antara bagian redaksi dan pemasaran tentang topik apa yang sebetulnya dikatakan dapat laris di pasar.","translated_text":"In that case, amid Prisma's internal dynamics, a warm \"debate\" arose between the editorial and marketing departments about what topics were actually said to be marketable.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Persoalannya mungkin topik yang disajikan harus mempertimbangkan faktor penjualan, berarti berupaya mengikuti selera masyarakat dan berarti pula tetap relevan bagi masyarakat.","translated_text":"The question may be that the topic presented should take into account the sales factor, that means trying to follow the tastes of the community and that means staying relevant to the community.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian Pemasaran selalu mengatakan bahwa sirkulasi Prisma yang tinggi itu karena pekerjaan pemasaran, tetapi sebaliknya Redaksi mengatakan bahwa kalau memang demikian mengapa pemasaran tidak bisa menjual nomor-nomor yang tidak disukai pembaca karena terlalu berat, terlalu kering.","translated_text":"The Marketing Department always says that Prisma's high circulation is due to marketing work, but instead the editorial says that if it is, why can't marketing sell numbers that readers don't like because they're too heavy, too dry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Barangkali \"pertengkaran\" itu bukan hanya terjadi dalam tubuh Prisma saja.","translated_text":"Perhaps that \"fight\" was not confined to Prisma's body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Soal \"klasik\" itu juga sering terjadi di badan-badan penerbitan lain.","translated_text":"The \"classic\" issue is also common in other publishers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Justru di tengah dinamika internal itu Prisma mampu meneguhkan posisinya.","translated_text":"Right in the middle of that internal dynamic, Prisma was able to solidify her position.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"\" (Prisma, Agustus 1977) merupakan edisi Prisma yang paling laku dan tidak pernah bisa dilewati lagi—dicetak dua kali sebagai majalah, dan dicetak dua kali dalam bentuk buku, pengalaman pertama untuk jurnal dalam sejarah dunia.","translated_text":"\"\" (Prisma, August 1977) is the best-selling and unmissable edition of Prisma. It was printed twice as a magazine, and printed twice in book form, the first experience for a journal in world history.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penjualan paling tinggi memang dicapai oleh Prisma pada edisi biografi tersebut, dengan jumlah sekitar 22.000 eksemplar.","translated_text":"The highest sales were achieved by Prisma in the biography edition, with about 22,000 copies sold.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tokoh Soekarno, Jenderal Soedirman, Tan Malaka, dan lain-lain yang dibahas dalam nomor itu membuat orang sangat berminat untuk membacanya.","translated_text":"The Soekarno figures, General Soedirman, Tan Malaka, and others discussed in the issue made people very interested in reading it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dapat dikatakan, sejak edisi itulah Prisma makin dikenal oleh kalangan masyarakat yang lebih luas, di luar basis kelompok pembaca sebelumnya.","translated_text":"It can be said that since that edition Prisma has become increasingly known to the wider public, outside the previous readership base.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak mengherankan bila kemudian beberapa biro iklan mendatangi Prisma dan membuat kontrak pemasangan iklan (sebagian besar produk rokok) untuk selama satu atau dua tahun.","translated_text":"Not surprisingly, some advertising agencies later came to Prisma and made advertising contracts (mostly cigarette products) for one or two years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Padahal, sebelumnya dan juga pada masa-masa setelah itu, cukup sulit mencari produsen yang berminat memakai Prisma sebagai media promosi mereka.","translated_text":"Yet, before and in the times that followed, it was quite difficult to find producers interested in using Prisma as their promotional medium.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dilihat dari segi angka penjualan, maka tahun-tahun akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an dapat dikatakan sebagai masa kejayaan Prisma.","translated_text":"In terms of sales figures, the late 1970's and early 1980's could be described as Prisma's heyday.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal itu berlangsung bersamaan dengan pembaharuan isi Prisma yang makin semarak dengan rubrik-rubrik baru.","translated_text":"This is happening at the same time as Prism's content is being updated with new headings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1978 mulai muncul rubrik Laporan Khusus, meskipun sempat ditunda beberapa tahun, sebuah laporan jurnalistik yang digarap sendiri oleh tim redaksi, dan disajikan setiap tiga bulan yang tidak harus sejalan dengan topik utama.","translated_text":"In 1978 the Special Report section began to appear, although delayed for some years, a journalistic report that was self-published by the editorial team, and presented every three months that was not necessarily in line with the main topic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik lain yang mulai diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1979 antara lain Dunia Ketiga, yang menerjemahkan tulisan tentang berbagai masalah yang dihadapi negara-negara berkembang, khususnya di kawasan Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"Other rubrics that have been introduced since 1979 include Third World, which translates writings on various problems faced by developing countries, particularly in the Southeast Asian region.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik Tesis, yang menyajikan ringkasan tesis atau disertasi di bidang-bidang ilmu sosial, terutama ditulis oleh sarjana Indonesia dan mengenai masalah Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Rubrik Thesis, which presents a summary of theses or dissertations in the fields of social sciences, is mainly written by Indonesian scholars and deals with Indonesian issues.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik Tinjauan Buku, selain tinjauan secara konvensional, juga ditambah ulasan singkat sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak buku yang dapat disajikan.","translated_text":"The Book Review section, in addition to conventional reviews, also added short reviews to allow more books to be presented.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik-rubrik baru tersebut membuat isi Prisma lebih bervariasi sehingga pembaca memperoleh pilihan selain artikel-artikel yang selalu membahas topik atau tema tertentu.","translated_text":"The new headings make Prisma's content more varied so that readers have a choice in addition to articles that always cover a particular topic or theme.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rubrik Tokoh menyajikan tulisan yang menganalisis tokoh-tokoh sejarah Indonesia, dan rubrik ini dimunculkan pada tahun 1982.","translated_text":"The Character Rubric presents writings that analyze Indonesian historical figures, and this rubric was published in 1982.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rubrik khusus itu pula yang sangat disimak oleh kalangan pembaca, termasuk pemerintah Orde Baru. Kelaziman waktu itu, mungkin sampai sekarang, setiap penerbit diharuskan menyerahkan beberapa nomor bukti penerbitan ke pelbagai instansi pemerintah.","translated_text":"This particular rubric was also highly regarded by readers, including the government of the New Order, and it was customary at the time, perhaps until now, for every publisher to submit a number of proofs to various government agencies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma agaknya dianggap sangat menyita perhatian Orde Baru saat mengulas tokoh-tokoh tertentu dalam rubrik Tokoh.","translated_text":"Prisma seems to have captured the New Order's attention when reviewing certain characters in the Characters rubric.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika itu beberapa penulis yang dipenjarakan di Pulau Buru dilepaskan serta diberi kesempatan kembali pada profesi semula, Prisma segera memanfaatkan sebagian dari mereka.","translated_text":"When some of the writers imprisoned on Buru Island were released and given a chance to return to their original profession, Prisma quickly took advantage of some of them.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma segera mendapat \"peringatan tertulis\" dari Departemen Penerangan Republik Indonesia.","translated_text":"Prisma immediately received a \"written warning\" from the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Departemen Penerangan menilai Prisma menjadi ajang kaum kiri dalam mengembangkan atau \"menjurus pada penyerbar-luasan ajaran-ajaran Komunis.\"","translated_text":"The Department of Explanation rated Prisma as a left-wing force in developing or \"leading the spread of Communist teachings\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam bahasa pemerintah sesuai dengan surat dari Departemen Penerangan tertanggal 2 Maret 1983 itu dinyatakan bahwa \".... penonjolan tokoh-tokoh tersebut [tokoh Cornel Simanjuntak dalam Prisma, No.2, Februari 1982; S.M. Kartosuwiryo dalam Prisma, No.5, Mei 1982; Aidit dalam Prisma, No.7, Juli 1982;","translated_text":"In the official language according to a letter from the Ministry of Information dated 2 March 1983 it is stated that \".... the succession of these figures [the character Cornel Simanjuntak in Prisma, No. 2, February 1982; S.M. Kartosuwiryo in Prisma, No. 5, May 1982; Aidit in Prisma, No. 7, July 1982;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oerip Soemohardjo dalam Prisma, No.9, September 1982; dan tulisan Jacques Leclerc dalam Prisma, No.12, Desember 1982] seolah-olah merupakan Perjuangan Politik Komunis untuk melakukan penggalangan terhadap masyarakat melalui Majalah Prisma, agar dapat menerima kembali kehadiran PKI dalam masyarakat atau usaha menghidupkan kembali PKI di Indonesia.\"","translated_text":"Oerip Soemohardjo in Prisma, No.9, September 1982; and Jacques Leclerc's writings in Prisma, No. 12, December 1982] seem to constitute the Communist Political Struggle to wage war against society through Prisma Magazine, in order to accept again the PKI's presence in society or attempt to revive PKI in Indonesia\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Satu bulan setelah itu, tepatnya 16 April 1983, Penanggung Jawab dan Redaksi Prisma \"diminta untuk menghadap\" pihak kejaksaan.","translated_text":"A month later, on April 16, 1983, the Prism's Responsible and Editor were \"asked to stand before\" the prosecution.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ismid Hadad, M. Dawam Rahardjo, dan Daniel Dhakidae sempat diinterograsi oleh pihak Kejaksaan Tinggi DKI Jakarta.","translated_text":"Ismid Hadad, M. Dawam Rahardjo, and Daniel Dhakidae were interviewed by the Jakarta High Prosecutor's Office.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hal yang nyaris serupa dialami Prisma beberapa tahun kemudian.","translated_text":"Almost the same thing happened to Prisma a few years later.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kali ini Departemen Penerangan \".... setelah mengadakan penelitian terhadap isi majalah Prisma No.6 Tahun XVI edisi bulan Juni 1987 yang dikirimkan kepada Departemen Penerangan ..., kami temukan beberapa tulisan/artikel khususnya yang menyoroti peranan angkatan muda yang menurut kami patut mendapat perhatian serius...\"","translated_text":"This time the Ministry of Information \".... after conducting a study of the contents of the magazine Prisma No.6 Year XVI of June 1987 which was sent to the Ministry of Information ..., we found some writings/articles in particular highlighting the role of the youth force which we believe deserves serious attention... \"","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Surat peringatan tertanggal 21 Agustus 1987 itu menyimpulkan bahwa \"... isi beberapa tulisan dari Majalah Prisma No.6 Tahun XVI, cenderung merupakan sebuah pameran ilmu yang dapat menyesatkan dan membangkitkan keresahan masyarakat....","translated_text":"The letter of 21 August 1987 concluded that \"... the contents of some of the writings of Prisma No. 6 of Year XVI, tend to be an exhibition of science that can mislead and arouse public alarm....","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Majalah Prisma mempunyai kecenderungan untuk 'menghasut' pemuda dan mahasiswa untuk bergerak mengubah sistem politik dan kepemimpinan politik di indonesia....","translated_text":"Prisma magazine has a tendency to 'incite' youth and students to move to change the political system and political leadership in Indonesia....","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Majalah Prisma secara tersirat mempunyai kecenderungan mengajak mahasiswa dan generasi muda untuk bangkit menjadi satu-satunya oposisi yang ampuh dalam masyarakat...","translated_text":"Prisma magazine implicitly has a tendency to urge students and younger generations to rise up as the only powerful opposition in society...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Majalah Prisma berusaha membentuk opini publik di kalangan masyarakat, bahwa sistem politik yang berlaku di Indonesia adalah teori politik Jawa yang berwujud dalam kekuasaan pemimpin, sementara angkatan muda menjadi kekuatan pinggiran...","translated_text":"Prisma magazine seeks to shape public opinion among the public, that the political system prevailing in Indonesia is a Javanese political theory embodied in the power of the leader, while the youth force becomes a marginal force...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Majalah Prisma berusaha membentuk opini publik yang cenderung untuk menyesatkan masyarakat pembaca dan untuk mempertentangkan peranan ABRI dan lembaga-lembaga sipil di dalam menjalankan politik pemerintahan di Indonesia.\"","translated_text":"Prisma magazine seeks to shape public opinion that tends to mislead the readership and to challenge the role of ABRI and civil institutions in the conduct of government policy in Indonesia\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penutup surat peringatan yang kerap dilayangkan Orde Baru kepada Prisma untuk nomor-nomor tertentu biasanya \"... agar di waktu yang akan datang majalah Prisma lebih berhati-hati dalam memuat tulisan yang sifatnya menghasut dan mempertentangkan antara komponen-komponen pendukung terlaksananya pembangunan nasional.\"","translated_text":"The frequently flown New Order letters of reminder to Prisma for certain issues are usually \"...so that in future Prisma magazines may be more careful in containing writings whose nature incites and disputes between the supporting components of national development\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan melakukan beberapa \"penyesuaian\" di sana-sini Prisma tetap dapat terbit hingga tahun 1998.","translated_text":"By making some \"adjustments\" here and there Prisma remained available until 1998.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meskipun sempat laris, tiras penjualan Prisma sebenarnya tidak pernah mencapai tingkat yang membuat majalah ini untung secara finansial atau menghasilkan pendapatan yang memungkinkan bisa berdiri sendiri secara bisnis.","translated_text":"Despite some sales, Prisma's sales figures never actually reached the level that made the magazine financially profitable or generated income that enabled it to stand on its own merits.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak semula manajemen dan kegiatan operasional Prisma memang menjadi satu dengan penerbitan buku.","translated_text":"Since its inception, Prisma's management and operational activities have been one with book publishing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian personelnya, seperti di bagian administrasi dan pemasaran, juga merangkap sebagai personel untuk kegiatan yang sama pada penerbitan buku.","translated_text":"Some of its staff, such as in the administration and marketing departments, also recruited as staff for the same activities in book publishing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari sudut pandang ideal, yakni sebagai sarana penerangan bagi masyarakat umum, Prisma tidak hanya dikenal di Indonesia karena sejak awal majalah ini juga memiliki edisi bahasa Inggris.","translated_text":"From an ideal point of view, namely as a means of enlightenment for the general public, Prisma is not only known in Indonesia because since its inception the magazine also has an English edition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edisi itu diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 1975, semula dua kali dalam setahun kemudian menjadi empat-bulanan.","translated_text":"It was first published in 1975, originally twice a year, then became a quarterly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Isinya merupakan terjemahan artikel-artikel pilihan yang telah atau akan dimuat dalam Prisma bahasa Indonesia.","translated_text":"Its contents are translations of selected articles that have been or will be published in Indonesian Prisma.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edisi ini terutama \"diekspor\" ke luar negeri dan diterima oleh agen-agen yang cukup setia di Belanda, Amerika Serikat, Australia dan Singapura, di samping sejumlah pelanggan pribadi.","translated_text":"This edition was mainly \"exported\" abroad and was accepted by fairly loyal agents in the Netherlands, the United States, Australia and Singapore, in addition to a number of private customers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Omzet edisi ini hanya 1.000 eksemplar dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh keuntungan, melainkan lebih untuk memenuhi amanat Anggaran Dasar LP3ES yang antara lain berbunyi: \"Menyebarkan pengetahuan yang luas tentang keadaan sosial dan ekonomi Indonesia kepada bangsa lain.\"","translated_text":"This edition is limited to 1,000 copies and is not intended to profit, but rather to meet the mandate of the LP3ES Basic Budget which among other things reads: \"Spread the vast knowledge of the social and economic condition of Indonesia to other nations\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fungsi utamanya jelas sebagai \"public relation\" LP3ES terhadap dunia internasional, terutama untuk memberi informasi dan menarik perhatian lembaga-lembaga ilmiah dan sumber-sumber dana di luar negeri.","translated_text":"Its main function is clearly as a \"public relation\" of LP3ES to the international world, especially to inform and attract the attention of scientific institutions and funding sources abroad.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edisi bahasa Inggris itu bisa mengisi sebagian kevakuman media komunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris tentang Indonesia yang saat itu makin dibutuhkan oleh publik asing yang banyak di Indonesia, maupun di luar negeri.","translated_text":"The English-language edition was able to fill a gap in the English-language communication media about Indonesia that was increasingly needed by a large foreign audience in Indonesia, as well as abroad.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Akhir Pembangunan, Akhir Prisma","translated_text":"End of construction, end of prism","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam sorotan sehubungan dengan dua puluh dua tahun usia Prisma, Richard Z. Leirissa menulis, \"Suatu hal yang menggembirakan adalah bahwa dalam dasawarsa 80-an permasalahan yang mendasar seperti strategi kebudayaan juga mulai mendapat tempat yang penting...","translated_text":"In highlighting Prisma's twenty-two-year-old age, Richard Z. Leirissa writes: \"One delightful thing is that in the 1980's such fundamental issues as cultural strategy also began to gain prominence...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Persoalan ini sudah muncul dalam Prisma pada tahun 1981.\"","translated_text":"This question had already appeared in Prisma in 1981\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prisma, dalam edisi November 1981, memang menyuguhkan topik berjudul Perbenturan Nilai-nilai di Indonesia.","translated_text":"Prisma, in its November 1981 issue, did present a topic entitled Conflict of Values in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1987, Prisma menurunkan topik berjudul Stategi Kebudayaan: Mencari yang Lebih Tepat (Prisma, Maret 1987), yang antara lain dilengkapi dengan laporan wawancara Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Fuad Hassan sehubungan dengan rencana penyelenggaraan Kongres Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"In 1987, Prisma dropped the topic titled Cultural Statistics: Seeking More Accurate (Prisma, March 1987), which was accompanied, among other things, by an interview report by Minister of Education and Culture Fuad Hassan in connection with the plans for holding the Cultural Congress.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penulis nomor itu antara lain Emil Salim, Umar Kayam, Arief Budiman, dan Gunawan Mohamad.","translated_text":"The authors include Emil Salim, Umar Kayam, Arief Budiman, and Gunawan Mohamad.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Leirissa menekankan bahwa hal yang menarik dari artikel-artikel dalam edisi tersebut adalah strategi kebudayaan tetap dilihat dalam kaitan dengan strategi pembangunan.","translated_text":"Leirissa stressed that the interesting thing about the articles in the edition is that cultural strategies are still seen in relation to development strategies.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Namun ada hal lain yang perlu dicatat.","translated_text":"But there is something else to note.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak pertengahan tahun 1980-an penjualan Prisma mulai mengalami penurunan seiring dengan terlambatnya jadwal terbit.","translated_text":"Since the mid-1980s Prisma sales began to decline as the late release schedule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang disebut sebagai terlambatnya jadwal terbit hanyalah akibat dari semacam intellectual fatigue, kelelahan intelektual, di kalangan redaksi yang pada awal terbitnya dimaksudkan sebagai penampung, semacam Receptacle, kini dituntut untuk menjadi \"penuntun\" yang secara pro-aktif merumuskan soal, memahami arah kecenderungan politik dan ekonomi, teori politik dan ekonomi.","translated_text":"The so-called delayed publication schedule is simply the result of a kind of intellectual fatigue, an intellectual fatigue, among editors who at the beginning of publication were meant to accommodate, a kind of Receptacle, now demanded to be \"guides\" who proactively formulate issues, understand the direction of political and economic trends, political and economic theories.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semuanya menjadi tuntutan yang boleh dibilang berlebihan bagi para pengasuh, yang ketika itu tidak ada satu pun yang memiliki ijazah Ph.D dalam bidang apa pun.","translated_text":"And it all became an overwhelming demand for nurses, who at the time didn't have a PhD in any field.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pergaulan intelektual, akademik, boleh dibilang juga terbatas.","translated_text":"Intellectual, academic associations are, arguably, also limited.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kedua, mulai bertumbuhan pusat-pusat baru yang kecil namun tersebar di mana-mana.","translated_text":"Second, new, small but ubiquitous centers began to grow.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan \"dikandangkannya\" mahasiswa di kampus-kampus universitas, pemerintah mensponsori jurnal-jurnal akademik di kampus.","translated_text":"With the \"replacement\" of students on university campuses, the government sponsors academic journals on campus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan memberikan nilai kredit yang tinggi bagi tulisan di jurnal tersebut, Prisma mendapat pesaing kuat di lingkaran kampus.","translated_text":"By giving high credit scores for the journal's writing, Prisma gained a strong competitor in campus circles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketiga di luar universitas perkembangan ilmu-ilmu sosial kritis tidak lagi melihat Prisma sebagai majalah yang tepat untuk menampung atau mengeluarkan aspirasi.","translated_text":"Third outside the university development of critical social sciences no longer saw Prisma as the right magazine to accommodate or issue aspirations.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Namun untuk mengatasinya, tim redaksi Prisma, terutama setelah tahun 1984 mendapatkan suntikan beberapa tenaga baru anggota yang memiliki ijazah pendidikan formal tinggi.","translated_text":"But to overcome it, Prisma's editorial team, especially after 1984 gained injections of some new staff members who had formal higher education degrees.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa di antaranya adalah Farchan Bulkin, Ph.D dalam ilmu politik dari University of Seattle, masuk dan memimpin Prisma.","translated_text":"Some of them were Farchan Bulkin, Ph.D. in political science from Seattle University, who joined and led Prisma.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Begitu pula dengan Ignas Kleden, MA dalam Ilmu Filsafat dari Muenchen, yang turut memperkuat jajaran redaksi; Sjahrir, Ph.D dalam Government dari Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, meskipun tidak pernah menjadi anggota Dewan Redaksi Prisma secara resmi, ikut menjadi penyumbang dan cukup besar jasanya dalam tulisan maupun dalam memberikan ide.","translated_text":"Similarly, Ignas Kleden, M.A. in Philosophy from Munich, who helped strengthen the editorial ranks; Sjahrir, Ph.D. in Government from the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, although never formally a member of Prisma's Board of Editors, contributed substantially to his work in writing and in giving ideas.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun demikian semua itu agaknya tidak banyak menolong menaikkan sirkulasi Prisma untuk mengembalikan posisi majalah ini pada masa terbaiknya.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, all of this seems to have helped little to increase the circulation of Prisma to restore the magazine to its prime.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebenarnya sejak tahun 1982-1983 majalah Prisma hampir setiap tahun terlambat terbit dua nomor.","translated_text":"In fact, since 1982-1983, almost every year Prisma magazine has published two issues late.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun-tahun 1985 dan 1986 sesungguhnya diupayakan agar Prisma dapat kembali terbit teratur 12 nomor setiap tahun, tetapi kembali menurun pada tahun 1987 sampai 1990, menjadi 8 atau 9 nomor tiap tahun.","translated_text":"In the years 1985 and 1986 efforts were indeed made to get Prisma back to regularly publishing 12 issues a year, but again it declined in 1987 to 1990, to 8 or 9 issues a year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketidakteraturan jadwal terbit dan jumlah nomor edisi itu sangat memengaruhi tiras penjualan Prisma, yang terus menurun hingga menjadi sekitar 4.000 eksemplar setiap edisi.","translated_text":"The irregularity in the publication schedule and the number of editions greatly affected Prisma's sales tires, which continued to decline to about 4,000 copies per issue.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam keadaan demikian, Prisma masih terus berupaya \"memperbaiki\" penampilannya, yakni dengan membuat ilustrasi sampul dalam full colour beserta perubahan tata letak dan isi.","translated_text":"Under such circumstances, Prisma continued to \"improve\" her appearance by making full-color cover illustrations as well as changes in layout and content.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam aspek usaha, Prisma mulai serius menggarap \"suplemen\" yakni semacam pariwara sebagai alternatif sumber pendapatan mengingat perolehan dari hasil iklan biasa yang sangat kecil.","translated_text":"In terms of business, Prisma began to seriously work on \"supplements\" - a kind of advertising as an alternative source of income given the very small revenue generated by ordinary advertising.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suplemen mulai muncul dalam Prisma Maret 1986 yakni Wajah Komputer Buatan Indonesia yang menghimpun sponsor dari sejumlah perusahaan produsen komputer dalam negeri.","translated_text":"Supplements began appearing in the March 1986 Prisma, the Indonesian Artificial Computer Face, which gathered sponsors from a number of domestic computer manufacturing companies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam edisi Mei 1986, majalah Prisma mengundang sejumlah perusahaan untuk bergabung dalam suplemen tentang perumahan berkaitan dengan topik tentang masalah ini yang disajikan oleh nomor tersebut.","translated_text":"In the May 1986 issue of Prisma magazine, a number of companies were invited to join in a supplement on housing related to the topic of this issue presented by the issue.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suplemen berikut pada umumnya mengetengahkan pariwara tunggal dari satu perusahaan, baik yang terkait maupun yang tidak terkait dengan topik yang disajikan.","translated_text":"The following supplements generally highlight a single advertisement from one company, both related and unrelated to the topic presented.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suplemen ini sedikit banyak dapat menopang kehidupan Prisma di tengah tiras penjualannya yang sulit kembali seperti pada akhir 1970-an dan awal 1980-an.","translated_text":"This supplement has little to sustain Prisma's life in the midst of a difficult sell-back era like the late 1970s and early 1980s.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Merosotnya kinerja Prisma yang berlanjut hingga awal tahun 1990-an telah mendorong pengasuh untuk menampilkan majalah dengan wajah yang sama sekali berubah dari yang selama ini dikenal, dengan maksud agar dapat kembali menarik pembaca.","translated_text":"Prisma's steady performance that continued into the early 1990s has prompted caregivers to present the magazine with a completely changed face from what has been known for a long time, in order to attract readers again.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upaya itu dapat dipahami mengingat masyarakat sudah dihadapkan pada begitu banyak alternatif bahan bacaan serta sumber informasi dalam bentuk lain.","translated_text":"That effort is understandable given that society is already faced with so many alternatives to reading material and other sources of information.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, mulai edisi Januari 1994 sampul Prisma tampil dengan gaya ilustrasi yang baru, kertas isi kembali digunakan HVS seperti awal mula terbit, tata letak isi juga berubah secara mencolok.","translated_text":"Hence, starting with the January 1994 issue of Prisma's cover appearing in a new illustration style, the contents paper reused HVS as it was originally published, the contents layout also changed dramatically.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jumlah edisinya pun berhasil dikembalikan ke 12 nomor.","translated_text":"The number of editions was successfully restored to 12.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal lain yang juga dilakukan adalah menekan harga agar tetap terjangkau pembaca, yakni ditentukan Rp. 4.000,- walaupun menurut perhitungan rasional seharusnya dua kali dari harga jual ini.","translated_text":"Another thing that was done was to push the price to stay affordable to the reader, i.e. fixed Rp. 4,000,- although according to rational calculations it should be twice this selling price.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, perubahan sampul dari bingkai bundar yang merupakan ciri khas Prisma menjadi bingkai segi empat disayangkan oleh sebagian pembaca.","translated_text":"However, the change from the round frame that characterized Prisma to the rectangular frame was unfortunate for some readers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tampaknya upaya itu tidak berhasil mengangkat kembali Prisma menjadi bacaan yang laris dan dicari.","translated_text":"The effort seems unsuccessful in restoring Prisma to a best-selling and sought-after readership.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun-tahun kemudian penjualan majalah ini terus merosot, yang menjadikan para pengasuh kehabisan akal tentang apalagi yang harus dilakukan.","translated_text":"In the years that followed, sales of the magazine continued to decline, leaving nurses unconscious about what to do.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di satu pihak, ada kepercayaan bahwa potensi pembaca Prisma akan bertambah banyak karena makin banyak orang terpelajar.","translated_text":"On the one hand, there is the belief that Prisma's potential reader will increase as more people learn.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun dalam kenyataannya majalah ini sulit menarik perhatian mereka.","translated_text":"But the reality is that it is difficult to get their attention.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pesaing dalam bentuk majalah sejenis tampaknya belum ada yang muncul, walaupun penerbitan buku-buku dengan isi dan tema yang sama memang sudah semakin banyak.","translated_text":"Competitors in the form of similar magazines seem to have not yet emerged, although the publication of books with the same content and theme is indeed on the rise.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengatakan bahwa masyarakat lebih suka membaca buku daripada majalah, diperlukan data yang cukup memadai.","translated_text":"To say that people prefer to read books than magazines requires sufficient data.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan, sebelum data itu terkumpul Prisma sudah semakin jarang muncul, hingga akhirnya pada tahun 1998 hanya terbit satu nomor.","translated_text":"And, before that data was collected, Prisma was becoming increasingly rare, until finally in 1998 only one issue was published.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara kebetulan tahun tersebut bersamaan dengan tahun jatuhnya rezim pembangunan di Indonesia.","translated_text":"Coincidentally, the year coincided with the fall of the building regime in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apakah Prisma yang dahulu muncul pertama kali sebagai majalah pembangunan memang harus berakhir pada tahun itu?","translated_text":"Does Prisma, which first appeared as a construction magazine, have to end that year?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Atau bagaimana hubungannya dengan apa yang ditulis Onghokham bahwa Prisma merupakan pencerminan dari wajah kaum cendekiawan Indonesia; menampilkan wajah cendekiawan Indonesia pada zamannya (Prisma, November 1980)?","translated_text":"Or what does it have to do with what Onghokham wrote that Prisma is a reflection of the faces of Indonesian scholars; it shows the faces of Indonesian scholars of his time (Prisma, November 1980)?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak penting untuk dicari hubungannya.","translated_text":"It's not important to look for the connection.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang penting Prisma perlu muncul kembali dengan perspektif dan semangat yang sesuai dengan zamannya.","translated_text":"The important thing is that Prisma needs to reappear with the perspective and spirit that suits her time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Majalah Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian newspapers","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh","wikicode":"'''Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh''' ({{lang-bn|বাংলাদেশ সুপ্রীম কোর্ট}}) adalah pengadilan tertinggi di [[Bangladesh]]. Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh terdiri dari Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi dan Divisi Banding. Lembaga ini dibentuk berdasarkan Bagian VI Bab I pada [[Konstitusi Bangladesh]]. Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh juga merupakan kantor bagi [[Hakim Agung Bangladesh|Hakim Agung]] Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique, Hakim [[Pengadilan Banding|Divisi Banding]], dan Hakim [[Pengadilan Tinggi|Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi]] Bangladesh. Pada July 2023, ada lima 7 [[hakim]] di Divisi Banding dan 89 hakim di Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi.[[http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php Daftar Hakim Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210200316/http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php |date=2010-02-10 }}; SupremeCourt.gov.bd]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{resmi|http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd}}\n* [http://www.clcbd.org Chancery Law Chronicles-First Bangladesh Online Case Law Database]\n* http://www.bangladeshsupremecoutbar.com{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* http://www.minlaw.gov.bd\n* http://www.bangladeshbarcouncil.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922172451/https://bangladeshbarcouncil.org/ |date=2019-09-22 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemerintahan Bangladesh]]\n[[Kategori:Mahkamah agung nasional]]","hash":"6c5c0ee5a6384959ae4ed0173ee0efc61e429dfa75eebd8daa11b8bbcaceddd5","last_revision":"2023-07-07T09:14:55Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T13:38:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.286388","cross_lingual_links":{"as":"বাংলাদেশ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়","bn":"বাংলাদেশ সুপ্রীম কোর্ট","en":"Supreme Court of Bangladesh","fr":"Cour suprême du Bangladesh","hi":"बांग्लादेश का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय","ja":"バングラデシュ最高裁判所","ml":"ബംഗ്ലാദേശ് സുപ്രീംകോടതി","pt":"Suprema Corte de Bangladesh","ta":"வங்காளதேச உச்சநீதிமன்றம்"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh () adalah pengadilan tertinggi di Bangladesh. Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh terdiri dari Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi dan Divisi Banding. Lembaga ini dibentuk berdasarkan Bagian VI Bab I pada Konstitusi Bangladesh. Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh juga merupakan kantor bagi Hakim Agung Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique, Hakim Divisi Banding, dan Hakim Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi Bangladesh. Pada July 2023, ada lima 7 hakim di Divisi Banding dan 89 hakim di Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi.\n\nChancery Law Chronicles-First Bangladesh Online Case Law Database\n\nKategori:Pemerintahan Bangladesh Kategori:Mahkamah agung nasional\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh () adalah pengadilan tertinggi di Bangladesh.","translated_text":"The Supreme Court of Bangladesh () is the highest court in Bangladesh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh terdiri dari Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi dan Divisi Banding.","translated_text":"The Supreme Court of Bangladesh consists of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lembaga ini dibentuk berdasarkan Bagian VI Bab I pada Konstitusi Bangladesh.","translated_text":"It was constituted under Section VI Chapter I of the Constitution of Bangladesh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh juga merupakan kantor bagi Hakim Agung Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique, Hakim Divisi Banding, dan Hakim Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi Bangladesh.","translated_text":"The Supreme Court of Bangladesh is also the office of Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique, Judge of the Appellate Division, and Judge of the Division of the High Court of Bangladesh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada July 2023, ada lima 7 hakim di Divisi Banding dan 89 hakim di Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi.","translated_text":"As of July 2023, there are five, seven judges in the Appellate Division and 89 judges in the High Court Division.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php Daftar Hakim Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210200316/http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php |date=2010-02-10 }}; SupremeCourt.gov.bd]","char_index":92,"name":"JUDGES","url":"http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1009,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:28.188532-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php Daftar Hakim Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210200316/http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php |date=2010-02-10 }}; SupremeCourt.gov.bd]","char_index":92,"name":"JUDGES","url":"http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1009,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:28.188532-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Chancery Law Chronicles-First Bangladesh Online Case Law Database","translated_text":"Chancery Law Chronicles-First Bangladesh Online Case Law Database","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemerintahan Bangladesh Kategori:Mahkamah agung nasional","translated_text":"Government of Bangladesh Category:National high court","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Lembaga ini dibentuk berdasarkan Bagian VI Bab I pada Konstitusi Bangladesh. Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh juga merupakan kantor bagi Hakim Agung Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique, Hakim Divisi Banding, dan Hakim Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi Bangladesh. Pada July 2023, ada lima 7 hakim di Divisi Banding dan 89 hakim di Divisi Pengadilan Tinggi.","translated_text":"It was constituted under Section VI Chapter I of the Constitution of Bangladesh. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh is also the office of Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique, Judge of the Appellate Division, and Judge of the Division of the High Court of Bangladesh. As of July 2023, there are five, seven judges in the Appellate Division and 89 judges in the High Court Division.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php Daftar Hakim Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210200316/http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php |date=2010-02-10 }}; SupremeCourt.gov.bd]","char_index":338,"name":"JUDGES","url":"http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1009,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:28.188532-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[[http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php Daftar Hakim Mahkamah Agung Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210200316/http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php |date=2010-02-10 }}; SupremeCourt.gov.bd]","char_index":338,"name":"JUDGES","url":"http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/judges.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1009,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:28.188532-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Bia","wikicode":"Dalam [[mitologi Yunani]], '''Bia''' ({{lang-el|Βία}}) adalah [[dewi]] dan personifikasi dari tenaga dan kekuatan. Dia adalah putri dari [[Pallas]] dan [[Stiks]]. Saudara-saudaranya antara lain [[Nike (mitologi)|Nike]], [[Kratos]], dan [[Zelos]]. Mereka adalah pengawal setia [[Zeus]]. Mereka ikut membantu Zeus dalam perang [[Titanomakhia]].\n\nBia muncul dalam drama tragedi ''Ikatan Prometheus'' gubahan dramawan [[Aiskhilos]].\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{en}} [http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Bia.html Bia di Theoi Project]\n\n[[Kategori:Dewi personifikasi]]\n[[Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani]]","hash":"3a3e8bf014027b4757a94ac0f75e38c750f0b5f005ed9b0f432634e4dd6a166f","last_revision":"2023-04-03T11:03:39Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T14:08:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.351842","cross_lingual_links":{"az":"Biya (mifologiya)","be":"Бія (міфалогія)","bg":"Биа","br":"Bia (doueez)","ca":"Bia (filla d'Estix)","cs":"Biá","de":"Bia (Mythologie)","el":"Βία (μυθολογία)","en":"Bia (mythology)","eo":"Bia (mitologio)","es":"Bía","eu":"Bia","fa":"بیا","fi":"Bia","fr":"Bia (mythologie)","gl":"Bia","he":"ביה","hr":"Bia (mitologija)","hu":"Bié (mitológia)","hy":"Բիա (դիցաբանություն)","it":"Bia (divinità)","ja":"ビアー","ko":"비아 (신화)","lb":"Bia (Mythologie)","lt":"Bija (mitologija)","nl":"Bia (godin)","pl":"Bia (mitologia)","pt":"Bia (mitologia)","ru":"Бия (мифология)","simple":"Bia","sr":"Бија (митологија)","sv":"Bia (grekisk mytologi)","th":"ไบอา","tr":"Bia (mitoloji)","uk":"Біа","zh":"比亚"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Dalam mitologi Yunani, Bia () adalah dewi dan personifikasi dari tenaga dan kekuatan. Dia adalah putri dari Pallas dan Stiks. Saudara-saudaranya antara lain Nike, Kratos, dan Zelos. Mereka adalah pengawal setia Zeus. Mereka ikut membantu Zeus dalam perang Titanomakhia.\n\nBia muncul dalam drama tragedi Ikatan Prometheus gubahan dramawan Aiskhilos.\n\nBia di Theoi Project\n\nKategori:Dewi personifikasi Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam mitologi Yunani, Bia () adalah dewi dan personifikasi dari tenaga dan kekuatan.","translated_text":"In Greek mythology, Bia () was a goddess and personification of power and strength.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia adalah putri dari Pallas dan Stiks.","translated_text":"She's the daughter of Pallas and Sticks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saudara","translated_text":"Brothers and Sisters","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-saudaranya antara lain Nike, Kratos, dan Zelos.","translated_text":"- His brothers include Nike, Kratos, and Zelos.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka adalah pengawal setia Zeus.","translated_text":"They were Zeus' loyal guards.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka ikut membantu Zeus dalam perang Titanomakhia.","translated_text":"They helped Zeus in the battle of Titanomachia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bia muncul dalam drama tragedi Ikatan Prometheus gubahan dramawan Aiskhilos.","translated_text":"Bia appears in the tragic play The Bonds of Prometheus by playwright Aiskhilos.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bia di Theoi Project","translated_text":"Beans in the Theoi Project","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Dewi personifikasi Kategori:Dewa-Dewi Yunani","translated_text":"Categories:Greece and Greece","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Windows Movie Maker","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Windows Movie Maker\n| logo = [[Berkas:Windows Live Movie Maker logo.png|64px]]\n| screenshot = \n| caption = Tampilan Windows Movie Maker 2011 pada Windows 7 Ultimate\n| developer = [[Microsoft]]\n| latest release version = 2011 (Build 15.4.3538.0513)\n| latest release date = {{release date|mf=yes|2011|07|06}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows Vista]] SP2, [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008]] SP2, [[Windows Server 2008 R2]], [[Windows 8]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]]\n| genre =\n| license =\n| website = {{URL|https://support.microsoft.com/help/18614/windows-essentials}}\n}}\n\n'''Windows Movie Maker''' adalah [[perangkat lunak]] yang merupakan bagian dari ''Windows Essentials 2012''. Fungsi utama program ini adalah untuk melakukan olah [[digital]] terhadap cuplikan-cuplikan gambar bergerak ([[film]]), misalnya untuk menambahkan [[animasi]], efek [[visual]] ataupun sebuah redaksi singkat yang berhubungan dengan film yang sedang disunting.\n\nSecara ''default'', menu utama yang ditampilkan adalah:\n\n* ''Home''\n* ''Animations''\n* ''Visual Effect''\n* ''Project''\n* ''View''\n\nPada saat ada berkas film yang dibuka, secara otomatis ''ribbon'' program ini menambah 2 menu lagi (meskipun terkadang tidak muncul secara bersamaan), yaitu:\n\n* ''Video Tools Edit''\n* ''Text Tools Format''\n\nProgram kecil ini hanya memiliki berbagai fitur dasar penyuntingan [[video]] yang sangat sederhana, tetapi sudah mencukupi bagi para pengguna pemula.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Windows Essentials]]\n* [[Windows Mail]]\n* [[Windows Family Safety]]\n* [[Windows Mesh]]\n* [[Windows Live Messenger]]\n* [[Windows Live Photo Gallery|Windows Photo Gallery]]\n* [[Windows Writer]]s\n* [[Adobe Premiere Pro]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://essentials.live.com Windows Live Essentials] {{en icon}}\n* [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/wave/software-windowslive.aspx Windows Live Essentials di Microsoft Wave] {{en icon}}\n\n{{Windows_Live}}\n\n{{software-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]","hash":"43a9f5180c70ec3f4692df048e964679daadc76563211c4892342780d679af2b","last_revision":"2024-03-22T15:35:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T14:18:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.417802","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ويندوز موفي ميكر","bg":"Windows Movie Maker","ca":"Windows Movie Maker","ckb":"ویندۆز مووڤی مەیکەر","cs":"Windows Movie Maker","da":"Windows Movie Maker","de":"Windows Movie Maker","el":"Windows Movie Maker","en":"Windows Movie Maker","es":"Windows Movie Maker","fa":"ویندوز مووی میکر","fi":"Windows Movie Maker","fr":"Windows Movie Maker","he":"Windows Movie Maker","hu":"Windows Movie Maker","hy":"Windows Կինոստուդիա","it":"Windows Movie Maker","ja":"Windows ムービーメーカー","kk":"Windows Movie Maker","ko":"윈도우 무비 메이커","lt":"Windows Movie Maker","ms":"Windows Movie Maker","nl":"Windows Movie Maker","pl":"Windows Movie Maker","pt":"Windows Movie Maker","ro":"Windows Movie Maker","ru":"Киностудия Windows","si":"වින්ඩෝස් මූවි මේක'","simple":"Windows Movie Maker","sk":"Windows Movie Maker","sv":"Windows Movie Maker","tr":"Windows Movie Maker","uk":"Windows Movie Maker","uz":"Windows kinostudiyasi","yi":"Windows Movie Maker","zh":"Windows Movie Maker"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Windows Movie Maker adalah perangkat lunak yang merupakan bagian dari Windows Essentials 2012. Fungsi utama program ini adalah untuk melakukan olah digital terhadap cuplikan-cuplikan gambar bergerak (film), misalnya untuk menambahkan animasi, efek visual ataupun sebuah redaksi singkat yang berhubungan dengan film yang sedang disunting.\n\nSecara default, menu utama yang ditampilkan adalah:\n\nHome Animations Visual Effect Project View\n\nPada saat ada berkas film yang dibuka, secara otomatis ribbon program ini menambah 2 menu lagi (meskipun terkadang tidak muncul secara bersamaan), yaitu:\n\nVideo Tools Edit Text Tools Format\n\nProgram kecil ini hanya memiliki berbagai fitur dasar penyuntingan video yang sangat sederhana, tetapi sudah mencukupi bagi para pengguna pemula.\n\nWindows Essentials Windows Mail Windows Family Safety Windows Mesh Windows Live Messenger Windows Photo Gallery Windows Writers Adobe Premiere Pro\n\nWindows Live Essentials Windows Live Essentials di Microsoft Wave\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Windows Movie Maker\n| logo = [[Berkas:Windows Live Movie Maker logo.png|64px]]\n| screenshot = \n| caption = Tampilan Windows Movie Maker 2011 pada Windows 7 Ultimate\n| developer = [[Microsoft]]\n| latest release version = 2011 (Build 15.4.3538.0513)\n| latest release date = {{release date|mf=yes|2011|07|06}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows Vista]] SP2, [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008]] SP2, [[Windows Server 2008 R2]], [[Windows 8]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]]\n| genre =\n| license =\n| website = {{URL|https://support.microsoft.com/help/18614/windows-essentials}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Movie Maker adalah perangkat lunak yang merupakan bagian dari Windows Essentials 2012.","translated_text":"Windows Movie Maker is a software that is part of Windows Essentials 2012.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fungsi utama program ini adalah untuk melakukan olah digital terhadap cuplikan-cuplikan gambar bergerak (film), misalnya untuk menambahkan animasi, efek visual ataupun sebuah redaksi singkat yang berhubungan dengan film yang sedang disunting.","translated_text":"The program's main function is to digitally edit moving image footage, for example to add animation, visual effects or a short edit associated with the film being edited.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara default, menu utama yang ditampilkan adalah:","translated_text":"By default, the main menu displayed is:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Home Animations Visual Effect Project View","translated_text":"Home Animations Visual Effects Project View","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada saat ada berkas film yang dibuka, secara otomatis ribbon program ini menambah 2 menu lagi (meskipun terkadang tidak muncul secara bersamaan), yaitu:","translated_text":"When a film file is opened, the program's ribbon automatically adds two more menus (though sometimes not simultaneously), namely:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Video Tools Edit Text Tools Format","translated_text":"Video tools Edit text tools format","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Program kecil ini hanya memiliki berbagai fitur dasar penyuntingan video yang sangat sederhana, tetapi sudah mencukupi bagi para pengguna pemula.","translated_text":"This small program has only a few basic features of video editing that are very simple, but enough for beginner users.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Essentials Windows Mail Windows Family Safety Windows Mesh Windows Live Messenger Windows Photo Gallery Windows Writers Adobe Premiere Pro","translated_text":"Windows Essentials windows mail windows family safety windows mesh windows live messenger windows photo gallery windows writers adobe premiere pro","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Essentials Windows Live Essentials di Microsoft Wave","translated_text":"Windows Live Essentials Windows Live Essentials is included in Microsoft Wave","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Windows","translated_text":"Windows software:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Status/Usul","wikicode":"{{{prefix|Status: }}} '''{{{2|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}}\n|work|working=Sedang dikerjakan|done=Selesai{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|19}}|Usulan penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Evaluasi penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Artikel bagus/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|23}}|Artikel pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|22}}|Daftar pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|20}}|Permohonan pendapat/|\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]}}}}}}}}}}}}\n|moved=Selesai dipindahkan{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|19}}|Usulan penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Evaluasi penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Artikel bagus/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|23}}|Artikel pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|22}}|Daftar pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|20}}|Permohonan pendapat/|\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]}}}}}}}}}}}}\n|not done|notdone=Tidak akan dilanjutkan{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|19}}|Usulan penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Evaluasi penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Artikel bagus/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|23}}|Artikel pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|22}}|Daftar pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|20}}|Permohonan pendapat/|\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]|\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang selesai didiskusikan]]\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang selesai didiskusikan {{#time: Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}]]}}}}}}}}}}}}\n|#default={{{1|Dalam diskusi}}}{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|19}}|Usulan penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan penghapusan yang masih didiskusikan]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Evaluasi penghapusan/|\n[[Kategori:Evaluasi penghapusan yang masih didiskusikan]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|21}}|Artikel bagus/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel bagus yang masih didiskusikan]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|23}}|Artikel pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan artikel pilihan yang masih didiskusikan]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|22}}|Daftar pilihan/Usulan/|\n[[Kategori:Usulan daftar pilihan yang masih didiskusikan]]|{{#ifeq:{{str sub new|{{PAGENAME}}|1|20}}|Permohonan pendapat/|\n[[Kategori:Permohonan pendapat yang masih didiskusikan]]|\n[[Kategori:Usulan yang masih didiskusikan]]}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}'''\n* Untuk menandai status suatu pengusulan. \n* Jika diskusi sudah selesai dan pengusulan sedang dilaksanakan (diimplementasikan), beri parameter \"working\" ({{Status/Usul|working}})\n* Jika sudah selesai secara keseluruhan, beri parameter \"Done\" ({{Status/Usul|Done}})\n* (Untul pemindahan sesuatu) Jika sudah selesai dipindahkan, beri parameter \"Moved\" ({{Status/Usul|Moved}})\n* (Untuk evaluasi penghapusan, dll.) Jika tidak akan dilakukan, beri parameter \"notdone\"\n[[Kategori:Templat internal]]","hash":"c90a5e354c260608240fe196c287a8bfaca840f7deff0e3294f16acac70e0473","last_revision":"2022-10-20T05:19:47Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T14:28:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.472843","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Untuk menandai status suatu pengusulan. Jika diskusi sudah selesai dan pengusulan sedang dilaksanakan (diimplementasikan), beri parameter \"working\" ({{Status/Usul|working}}) Jika sudah selesai secara keseluruhan, beri parameter \"Done\" ({{Status/Usul|Done}}) (Untul pemindahan sesuatu) Jika sudah selesai dipindahkan, beri parameter \"Moved\" ({{Status/Usul|Moved}}) (Untuk evaluasi penghapusan, dll.) Jika tidak akan dilakukan, beri parameter \"notdone\" Kategori:Templat internal\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk menandai status suatu pengusulan.","translated_text":"To mark the status of an exorcism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika diskusi sudah selesai dan pengusulan sedang dilaksanakan (diimplementasikan), beri parameter \"working\" ({{Status/Usul|working}})","translated_text":"If the discussion is over and the casting is being implemented, give the parameter \"working\" ({{Status/Usul thesworking}})","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika sudah selesai secara keseluruhan, beri parameter \"Done\" ({{Status/Usul|Done}}) (Untul pemindahan sesuatu) Jika sudah selesai dipindahkan, beri parameter \"Moved\" ({{Status/Usul|Moved}}) (Untuk evaluasi penghapusan, dll.)","translated_text":"If it is complete in its entirety, enter the parameter \"Done\" (To evaluate removal, etc.)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika tidak akan dilakukan, beri parameter \"notdone\" Kategori:Templat internal","translated_text":"If not done, give the parameter \"notdone\"","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Windows Live Photo Gallery","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Windows Live Photo Gallery\n| logo = \n| screenshot = \n| caption = Tampilan Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 pada Windows 7 Ultimate\n| developer = [[Microsoft]]\n| latest release version = 2011 (Build 15.4.3555.308)\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|df=no|2012|03|21}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows Vista]] SP2, [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008]] SP2, [[Windows Server 2008 R2]]\n| genre =\n| license = [[Freeware]]\n| website = [http://www.essentials.live.com www.essentials.live.com]\n}}\n\n'''Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011''' adalah program sederhana yang dapat mengatur dan menata koleksi [[foto|foto-foto]] yang ada pada komputer pengguna. [[Perangkat lunak]] ini merupakan bagian dari paket ''Windows Live Essentials 2011'' buatan [[Microsoft Corporation]] yang juga dilengkapi berbagai fitur penyuntingan foto secara sederhana.\n\nPerubahan yang cukup signifikan pada versi terbaru ini adalah tersedianya fitur ''ribbon'' yang tidak ditemukan pada versi-versi sebelumnya. Menu utamanya adalah sebagai berikut:\n\n* ''Home''\n* ''Edit''\n* ''Find''\n* ''Create''\n* ''View''\n\n''Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011'' adalah perbaikan yang cukup revolusioner dibandingkan dengan edisi-edisi terdahulu, terutama antarmuka terhadap pengguna yang telah dimudahkan dengan hadirnya ''ribbon'', tetapi tetap dengan fitur penyuntingan yang serba minimal.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Windows Live Essentials]]\n* [[Windows Live Mail]]\n* [[Windows Live Family Safety]]\n* [[Windows Live Mesh]]\n* [[Windows Live Messenger]]\n* [[Windows Live Movie Maker]]\n* [[Windows Live Writer]]\n* [[ACDSee Photo Manager]]\n* [[ACDSee Pro]]\n* [[Adobe Photoshop]]\n* [[FastPictureViewer]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{en}} [http://essentials.live.com Windows Live Essentials]\n* {{en}} [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/wave/software-windowslive.aspx Windows Live Essentials di Microsoft Wave]\n\n{{windows Live}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]\n\n\n{{software-stub}}","hash":"15a4bee1363b55699d050904395abd8c1e8fc41e681029af35caa8a41ed38a95","last_revision":"2023-07-04T05:51:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T14:36:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.527936","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Windows Photo Gallery","cs":"Windows Fotogalerie","de":"Windows Fotogalerie","el":"Συλλογή φωτογραφιών των Windows","en":"Windows Photo Gallery","es":"Windows Photo Gallery","fa":"ویندوز فتوگالری","fr":"Windows Live Photo Gallery","ja":"Windows フォト ギャラリー","ko":"윈도우 사진 갤러리","mr":"विंडोज लाइव्ह फोटो गॅलरी","ms":"Windows Live Photo Gallery","nl":"Windows Fotogalerie","pl":"Galeria fotografii systemu Windows","pt":"Microsoft Photo","ru":"Фотоальбом Windows","simple":"Windows Photo Gallery","sv":"Windows Fotogalleri","tr":"Windows Fotoğraf Galerisi","uk":"Фотоколекція Windows","vi":"Phòng Ảnh Windows","zh":"Windows影像中心"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 adalah program sederhana yang dapat mengatur dan menata koleksi foto-foto yang ada pada komputer pengguna. Perangkat lunak ini merupakan bagian dari paket Windows Live Essentials 2011 buatan Microsoft Corporation yang juga dilengkapi berbagai fitur penyuntingan foto secara sederhana.\n\nPerubahan yang cukup signifikan pada versi terbaru ini adalah tersedianya fitur ribbon yang tidak ditemukan pada versi-versi sebelumnya. Menu utamanya adalah sebagai berikut:\n\nHome Edit Find Create View\n\nWindows Live Photo Gallery 2011 adalah perbaikan yang cukup revolusioner dibandingkan dengan edisi-edisi terdahulu, terutama antarmuka terhadap pengguna yang telah dimudahkan dengan hadirnya ribbon, tetapi tetap dengan fitur penyuntingan yang serba minimal.\n\nWindows Live Essentials Windows Live Mail Windows Live Family Safety Windows Live Mesh Windows Live Messenger Windows Live Movie Maker Windows Live Writer ACDSee Photo Manager ACDSee Pro Adobe Photoshop FastPictureViewer\n\nWindows Live Essentials Windows Live Essentials di Microsoft Wave\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Windows Live Photo Gallery\n| logo = \n| screenshot = \n| caption = Tampilan Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 pada Windows 7 Ultimate\n| developer = [[Microsoft]]\n| latest release version = 2011 (Build 15.4.3555.308)\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|df=no|2012|03|21}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows Vista]] SP2, [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008]] SP2, [[Windows Server 2008 R2]]\n| genre =\n| license = [[Freeware]]\n| website = [http://www.essentials.live.com www.essentials.live.com]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 adalah program sederhana yang dapat mengatur dan menata koleksi foto-foto yang ada pada komputer pengguna.","translated_text":"Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 is a simple program that can organize and organize collections of existing photos on a user's computer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perangkat lunak ini merupakan bagian dari paket Windows Live Essentials 2011 buatan Microsoft Corporation yang juga dilengkapi berbagai fitur penyuntingan foto secara sederhana.","translated_text":"The software is part of Microsoft Corporation's Windows Live Essentials 2011 package which also comes with a variety of simple photo editing features.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Perubahan yang cukup signifikan pada versi terbaru ini adalah tersedianya fitur ribbon yang tidak ditemukan pada versi-versi sebelumnya.","translated_text":"A rather significant change to this latest version is the availability of ribbon features not found in previous versions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menu utamanya adalah sebagai berikut:","translated_text":"The main menu is as follows:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Home Edit Find Create View","translated_text":"Home Edit Find create view","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 adalah perbaikan yang cukup revolusioner dibandingkan dengan edisi-edisi terdahulu, terutama antarmuka terhadap pengguna yang telah dimudahkan dengan hadirnya ribbon, tetapi tetap dengan fitur penyuntingan yang serba minimal.","translated_text":"Windows Live Photo Gallery 2011 was a fairly revolutionary improvement compared to previous editions, especially the user interface that had been simplified by the presence of ribbon, but remained with minimal editing features.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Essentials Windows Live Mail Windows Live Family Safety Windows Live Mesh Windows Live Messenger Windows Live Movie Maker Windows Live Writer ACDSee Photo Manager ACDSee Pro Adobe Photoshop FastPictureViewer","translated_text":"Windows Live Essentials Windows Live Mail Windows Live Family Safety Windows Live Mesh Windows Live Messenger Windows Live Movie Maker Windows Live Writer ACDSee Photo Manager ACDSee Pro Adobe Photoshop FastPictureViewer","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Essentials Windows Live Essentials di Microsoft Wave","translated_text":"Windows Live Essentials Windows Live Essentials is included in Microsoft Wave","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Windows","translated_text":"Windows software:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Portal:Kristen/Tokoh Pilihan/Arsip","wikicode":"== [[Yesus dari Nazaret]] ==\n[[Berkas:Christ Hagia Sofia.jpg|kiri|150px|Gambar Yesus yang berada di [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turki]].]]\n'''[[Yesus]] dari [[Nazaret]]''' (kurang lebih antara [[6 SM]]–[[4 SM]] - [[29]]–[[33]]) adalah seorang pengkhotbah dan penyembuh bagi orang [[Yahudi]]; dikenal juga sebagai '''Yesus Kristus''' yang merupakan Tuhan dan Juru Selamat dalam agama [[Kristen]], dan seorang nabi penting dalam [[Islam]] ([[Nabi Isa]]).\n\nNama \"Yesus\" adalah [[alihaksara]] dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ''Ιησους'' [''Iēsoûs''], yang pada gilirannya juga merupakan alihaksara dari [[bahasa Aram]] atau [[bahasa Ibrani]] yaitu:Yeshua, yang berarti : Keselamatan, atau \"Tuhan adalah keselamatan\", \"Tuhan menyelamatkan\". \"Kristus\" adalah gelar dalam [[teologi]] juga berasal dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ''Χριστός'' [''Christos''], yang dari [[bahasa Ibrani]] \"[[Messiah]]\", berarti \"yang diurapi\" atau \"yang terpilih\".\n{{clear}}\n== [[Martin Luther]] ==\n[[Berkas:Martin_Luther,_1529.jpg|kiri|150px]]\n'''[[Martin Luther]]''' (lahir di [[Eisleben]], [[Kekaisaran Romawi Suci]], [[10 November]] [[1483]] – meninggal di Eisleben, Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, [[18 Februari]] [[1546]] pada umur 62 tahun) adalah seorang [[pastur]] [[Jerman]] dan ahli [[teologi]] [[Kristen]] dan pendiri [[Gereja]] [[Lutheran]], gereja [[Protestan]], pecahan dari Katolik Roma. Dia merupakan tokoh terkemuka bagi [[Reformasi]]. Ajaran-ajarannya tidak hanya mengilhami gerakan Reformasi, namun juga mempengaruhi [[doktrin]], dan budaya [[Lutheran]] serta tradisi [[Protestan]]. Seruan Luther kepada Gereja agar kembali kepada ajaran-ajaran [[Alkitab]] telah melahirkan [[tradisi]] baru dalam agama Kristen. Gerakan pembaruannya mengakibatkan perubahan radikal juga di lingkungan Gereja [[Katolik Roma]] dalam bentuk [[Reformasi Katolik]]. Sumbangan-sumbangan Luther terhadap peradaban Barat jauh melampaui kehidupan Gereja Kristen. Terjemahan Alkitabnya telah ikut mengembangkan versi standar [[bahasa Jerman]] dan menambahkan sejumlah prinsip dalam seni [[terjemahan|penerjemahan]]. [[Nyanyian rohani]] yang diciptakannya mengilhami perkembangan nyanyian jemaat dalam Gereja Kristen. Pernikahannya pada [[13 Juni]] [[1525]] dengan [[Katharina von Bora]] menimbulkan gerakan pernikahan pendeta di kalangan banyak tradisi Kristen.\n== [[Santo Yusuf]] ==\n[[Berkas:Saint Joseph with the Infant Jesus by Guido Reni, c 1635.jpg|jmpl|kiri|150px|Yusuf bersama bayi Yesus oleh [[Guido Reni]] (± 1635).]]\n'''[[Santo Yusuf|Yusuf]]''' atau '''[[Santo Yusuf]]''' (abad ke-1 M) adalah seorang [[tukang kayu]] yang menjadi suami dari [[Bunda Maria|Maria ibu Yesus]] dan ayah [[Yesus]]. [[Alkitab]] memberi kesaksian bahwa Yusuf adalah orang yang baik hati dan sederhana. Yusuf adalah [[pertunangan|tunangan]] Maria yang tadinya hendak memutuskan hubungan dengan Maria ketika ia mengetahui Maria telah mengandung. Akan tetapi, Yusuf mendapat perintah dari [[Tuhan]] melalui [[malaikat]] supaya Yusuf tetap mengawini Maria. Ia kemudian menjadi seorang suami dan ayah yang baik. Ketika Maria hampir melahirkan dan tidak ada tempat bagi Maria untuk melahirkan, Yusuf mencarikan tempat lain, yakni sebuah [[kandang]]. Kemudian ketika malaikat memberi tahu bahwa Yesus mengalami bahaya karena [[Herodes Agung|Herodes]] hendak membunuh bayi tersebut, Yusuf membawa Yesus dan Maria lari ke [[Mesir]]. Setelah itu, Alkitab hanya menyinggung keberadaan Yusuf ketika Yesus pada usia 12 tahun, dan setelah itu tidak lagi. Tradisi menyebutkan Yusuf telah meninggal sebelum peristiwa [[perkawinan di Kana]].\n{{clear}}\n== [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]] ==\n[[Berkas:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1987-074-16, Dietrich Bonhoeffer.jpg|jmpl|kiri|150px|Dietrich Bonhoeffer]]\n'''Dietrich Bonhoeffer''' [{{IPA|ˈdiːtrɪç ˈboːnhœfɐ}}] ( [[4 Februari]] [[1906]] – [[9 April]] [[1945]] ) adalah seorang [[pendeta]] dan [[teologi|teolog]] [[Lutheran]] [[Jerman]] dan seorang anggota dalam gerakan [[Widerstand|perlawanan Jerman]] terhadap [[Nazisme]]. Ia terlibat dalam sebuah komplotan yang dirancang oleh anggota-anggota [[Abwehr]] (Kantor Intelijen Militer Jerman) untuk [[pembunuhan politik|membunuh]] [[Adolf Hitler]]. Ia ditangkap pada Maret 1943, ditahan dan akhirnya digantung, tak lama sebelum berakhirnya [[Perang Dunia II]] di [[Eropa]].\n{{clear}}\n\n== [[Abraham]] ==\n[[Berkas:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 035.jpg|kiri|jmpl|150px|\"Malaikat Tuhan mencegah pengorbanan Ishak\", oleh [[Rembrandt]], [[1634]].]]\n'''Abraham''' ({{hebrew name|אַבְרָהָם|Avraham|ʾAḇrāhām}} Ashkenazi '''''Avrohom''''' atau '''''Avruhom'''''; {{lang-ar|'''ابراهيم'''}}, ''[[Ibrahim|{{Unicode|Ibrāhīm}}]]'' ; bahasa Ge'ez: {{lang|gez|አብርሃም}}, ''{{Unicode|ʾAbrəham}}'') adalah tokoh penting dalam [[Alkitab]] dan [[Al-Quran]]. Agama [[Yudaisme|Yahudi]] dan [[Kristen]] mengakuinya sebagai [[bapak bangsa|bapa bangsa]], sementara dalam tradisi [[Islam]] ia dikenal sebagai '''Nabi Ibrahim'''. Dalam tradisi [[agama Abrahamik]], Abraham adalah bapak rohani dari banyak orang.\n\nMenurut [[Alkitab]], Abraham dipanggil Allah dari [[Mesopotamia]] ke negeri [[Kanaan]], sekitar tahun [[2000 SM]]. Di sana ia mengadakan [[perjanjian]]: Abraham diminta mengakui bahwa [[Yahweh]] adalah Tuhan dan otoritas tertinggi satu-satunya dan universal, dan untuk itu Abraham akan diberkati dengan keturunan yang tak terhitung banyaknya. Kehidupannya yang dikisahkan dalam [[Kitab Kejadian]] ([[Kejadian 11|pasal 11]][[Kejadian 25|–25]]) dapat mencerminkan berbagai tradisi.\n{{clear}}\n\n== [[Simon Petrus]] ==\n[[Berkas:Francesco del Cossa 017.jpg|kiri|jmpl|150px|\"Simon Petrus\", oleh Francesco Cossa.]]\n'''Simon Petrus''' ('''Simon''' nama aslinya, '''Petrus''', atau '''Kefas''' nama yang diberikan Yesus) adalah salah seorang dari dua belas [[rasul]] [[Yesus]]. Ia adalah seorang nelayan dari Galilea yang diberi posisi pemimpin oleh Yesus ([http://sabdaweb.sabda.org/bible/chapter/?b=40&c=16#18 Matius 16:18], [http://sabdaweb.sabda.org/bible/chapter/?b=43&c=21#15 Yohanes 21:15-16]). Ia dan saudaranya, [[Andreas]] adalah rasul pertama yang dipanggil oleh Yesus. Simon dinamakan sebagai Petrus atau \"''batu karang''\", yang mengisyaratkan bahwa Yesus meletakkan landasan gereja-Nya di atas Petrus.\n\n[[Kategori:Portal:Kristen]]","hash":"0920c484878d9dbb03fa37bca0a64ddbf1a3128ce0b18e7f1186dafeed8bca9c","last_revision":"2023-06-10T07:13:56Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T14:55:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.595755","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Yesus dari Nazaret (kurang lebih antara 6 SM–4 SM - 29–33) adalah seorang pengkhotbah dan penyembuh bagi orang Yahudi; dikenal juga sebagai Yesus Kristus yang merupakan Tuhan dan Juru Selamat dalam agama Kristen, dan seorang nabi penting dalam Islam (Nabi Isa).\n\nNama \"Yesus\" adalah alihaksara dari bahasa Yunani Ιησους [Iēsoûs], yang pada gilirannya juga merupakan alihaksara dari bahasa Aram atau bahasa Ibrani yaitu:Yeshua, yang berarti : Keselamatan, atau \"Tuhan adalah keselamatan\", \"Tuhan menyelamatkan\". \"Kristus\" adalah gelar dalam teologi juga berasal dari bahasa Yunani Χριστός [Christos], yang dari bahasa Ibrani \"Messiah\", berarti \"yang diurapi\" atau \"yang terpilih\".\n\nMartin Luther (lahir di Eisleben, Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, 10 November 1483 – meninggal di Eisleben, Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, 18 Februari 1546 pada umur 62 tahun) adalah seorang pastur Jerman dan ahli teologi Kristen dan pendiri Gereja Lutheran, gereja Protestan, pecahan dari Katolik Roma. Dia merupakan tokoh terkemuka bagi Reformasi. Ajaran-ajarannya tidak hanya mengilhami gerakan Reformasi, namun juga mempengaruhi doktrin, dan budaya Lutheran serta tradisi Protestan. Seruan Luther kepada Gereja agar kembali kepada ajaran-ajaran Alkitab telah melahirkan tradisi baru dalam agama Kristen. Gerakan pembaruannya mengakibatkan perubahan radikal juga di lingkungan Gereja Katolik Roma dalam bentuk Reformasi Katolik. Sumbangan-sumbangan Luther terhadap peradaban Barat jauh melampaui kehidupan Gereja Kristen. Terjemahan Alkitabnya telah ikut mengembangkan versi standar bahasa Jerman dan menambahkan sejumlah prinsip dalam seni penerjemahan. Nyanyian rohani yang diciptakannya mengilhami perkembangan nyanyian jemaat dalam Gereja Kristen. Pernikahannya pada 13 Juni 1525 dengan Katharina von Bora menimbulkan gerakan pernikahan pendeta di kalangan banyak tradisi Kristen.\n\nYusuf atau Santo Yusuf (abad ke-1 M) adalah seorang tukang kayu yang menjadi suami dari Maria ibu Yesus dan ayah Yesus. Alkitab memberi kesaksian bahwa Yusuf adalah orang yang baik hati dan sederhana. Yusuf adalah tunangan Maria yang tadinya hendak memutuskan hubungan dengan Maria ketika ia mengetahui Maria telah mengandung. Akan tetapi, Yusuf mendapat perintah dari Tuhan melalui malaikat supaya Yusuf tetap mengawini Maria. Ia kemudian menjadi seorang suami dan ayah yang baik. Ketika Maria hampir melahirkan dan tidak ada tempat bagi Maria untuk melahirkan, Yusuf mencarikan tempat lain, yakni sebuah kandang. Kemudian ketika malaikat memberi tahu bahwa Yesus mengalami bahaya karena Herodes hendak membunuh bayi tersebut, Yusuf membawa Yesus dan Maria lari ke Mesir. Setelah itu, Alkitab hanya menyinggung keberadaan Yusuf ketika Yesus pada usia 12 tahun, dan setelah itu tidak lagi. Tradisi menyebutkan Yusuf telah meninggal sebelum peristiwa perkawinan di Kana.\n\nDietrich Bonhoeffer [] ( 4 Februari 1906 – 9 April 1945 ) adalah seorang pendeta dan teolog Lutheran Jerman dan seorang anggota dalam gerakan perlawanan Jerman terhadap Nazisme. Ia terlibat dalam sebuah komplotan yang dirancang oleh anggota-anggota Abwehr (Kantor Intelijen Militer Jerman) untuk membunuh Adolf Hitler. Ia ditangkap pada Maret 1943, ditahan dan akhirnya digantung, tak lama sebelum berakhirnya Perang Dunia II di Eropa.\n\nAbraham ( Ashkenazi Avrohom atau Avruhom; , {{Unicode|Ibrāhīm}} ; bahasa Ge'ez: , ) adalah tokoh penting dalam Alkitab dan Al-Quran. Agama Yahudi dan Kristen mengakuinya sebagai bapa bangsa, sementara dalam tradisi Islam ia dikenal sebagai Nabi Ibrahim. Dalam tradisi agama Abrahamik, Abraham adalah bapak rohani dari banyak orang.\n\nMenurut Alkitab, Abraham dipanggil Allah dari Mesopotamia ke negeri Kanaan, sekitar tahun 2000 SM. Di sana ia mengadakan perjanjian: Abraham diminta mengakui bahwa Yahweh adalah Tuhan dan otoritas tertinggi satu-satunya dan universal, dan untuk itu Abraham akan diberkati dengan keturunan yang tak terhitung banyaknya. Kehidupannya yang dikisahkan dalam Kitab Kejadian (pasal 11–25) dapat mencerminkan berbagai tradisi.\n\nSimon Petrus (Simon nama aslinya, Petrus, atau Kefas nama yang diberikan Yesus) adalah salah seorang dari dua belas rasul Yesus. Ia adalah seorang nelayan dari Galilea yang diberi posisi pemimpin oleh Yesus (Matius 16:18, Yohanes 21:15-16). Ia dan saudaranya, Andreas adalah rasul pertama yang dipanggil oleh Yesus. Simon dinamakan sebagai Petrus atau \"batu karang\", yang mengisyaratkan bahwa Yesus meletakkan landasan gereja-Nya di atas Petrus.\n\nKategori:Portal:Kristen\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Yesus dari Nazaret","translated_text":"Jesus of Nazareth","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yesus dari Nazaret (kurang lebih antara 6 SM–4 SM - 29–33) adalah seorang pengkhotbah dan penyembuh bagi orang Yahudi; dikenal juga sebagai Yesus Kristus yang merupakan Tuhan dan Juru Selamat dalam agama Kristen, dan seorang nabi penting dalam Islam (Nabi Isa).","translated_text":"Jesus of Nazareth (roughly between 6 BC ⁇ 4 BC - 29 ⁇ 33) was a preacher and healer to the Jews; also known as Jesus Christ who was Lord and Savior in Christianity, and an important prophet in Islam (Prophet Jesus).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama \"Yesus\" adalah alihaksara dari bahasa Yunani Ιησους [Iēsoûs], yang pada gilirannya juga merupakan alihaksara dari bahasa Aram atau bahasa Ibrani yaitu:Yeshua, yang berarti : Keselamatan, atau \"Tuhan adalah keselamatan\", \"Tuhan menyelamatkan\".","translated_text":"The name \"Jesus\" is an acronym of the Greek Ιησους [Iēsoûs], which in turn is also an acronym of the Aramaic or Hebrew: Yeshua, meaning: Salvation, or \"God is salvation\", \"God saves\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Kristus\" adalah gelar dalam teologi juga berasal dari bahasa Yunani Χριστός [Christos], yang dari bahasa Ibrani \"Messiah\", berarti \"yang diurapi\" atau \"yang terpilih\".","translated_text":"\"Christ\" is a title in theology also derived from the Greek Χριστός [Christos], which is from the Hebrew \"Messiah\", meaning \"anointed\" or \"chosen one\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Martin Luther","translated_text":"This is Martin Luther.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Martin Luther (lahir di Eisleben, Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, 10 November 1483 – meninggal di Eisleben, Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, 18 Februari 1546 pada umur 62 tahun) adalah seorang pastur Jerman dan ahli teologi Kristen dan pendiri Gereja Lutheran, gereja Protestan, pecahan dari Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"Martin Luther (born in Eisleben, Holy Roman Empire, 10 November 1483 ⁇ died in Eisleben, Holy Roman Empire, 18 February 1546 at the age of 62) was a German pastor and Christian theologian and founder of the Lutheran Church, a Protestant church, a faction of the Roman Catholic Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia merupakan tokoh terkemuka bagi Reformasi.","translated_text":"He was a leading figure in the Reformation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ajaran","translated_text":"Teachings","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-ajarannya tidak hanya mengilhami gerakan Reformasi, namun juga mempengaruhi doktrin, dan budaya Lutheran serta tradisi Protestan.","translated_text":"His teachings not only inspired the Reformation, but also influenced Lutheran doctrine and culture as well as Protestant traditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seruan Luther kepada Gereja agar kembali kepada ajaran-ajaran Alkitab telah melahirkan tradisi baru dalam agama Kristen.","translated_text":"Luther's appeal to the Church to return to Bible teachings gave birth to a new tradition in Christianity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gerakan pembaruannya mengakibatkan perubahan radikal juga di lingkungan Gereja Katolik Roma dalam bentuk Reformasi Katolik.","translated_text":"His renewal movement resulted in radical changes also in the Roman Catholic Church's environment in the form of the Catholic Reformation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sumbangan","translated_text":"Contributions","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-sumbangan Luther terhadap peradaban Barat jauh melampaui kehidupan Gereja Kristen.","translated_text":"Luther's contributions to Western civilization went far beyond the life of the Christian Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terjemahan Alkitabnya telah ikut mengembangkan versi standar bahasa Jerman dan menambahkan sejumlah prinsip dalam seni penerjemahan.","translated_text":"His translation of the Bible has helped develop the standard version of the German language and added a number of principles to the art of translation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nyanyian rohani yang diciptakannya mengilhami perkembangan nyanyian jemaat dalam Gereja Kristen.","translated_text":"His creation of spiritual songs inspired the development of congregation singing in the Christian Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pernikahannya pada 13 Juni 1525 dengan Katharina von Bora menimbulkan gerakan pernikahan pendeta di kalangan banyak tradisi Kristen.","translated_text":"His marriage on 13 June 1525 to Katharina von Bora sparked a movement for clerical marriage among many Christian traditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Santo Yusuf","translated_text":"Saint Joseph","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yusuf atau Santo Yusuf (abad ke-1 M) adalah seorang tukang kayu yang menjadi suami dari Maria ibu Yesus dan ayah Yesus.","translated_text":"Joseph or Saint Joseph (1st century C.E.) was a carpenter who became the husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus and the father of Jesus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab memberi kesaksian bahwa Yusuf adalah orang yang baik hati dan sederhana.","translated_text":"The Bible testifies that Joseph was a kind and humble man.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yusuf adalah tunangan Maria yang tadinya hendak memutuskan hubungan dengan Maria ketika ia mengetahui Maria telah mengandung.","translated_text":"Joseph was Mary's fiancée who was about to divorce her when he learned that she was pregnant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, Yusuf mendapat perintah dari Tuhan melalui malaikat supaya Yusuf tetap mengawini Maria.","translated_text":"But Joseph received a command from the Lord through an angel to marry her.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia kemudian menjadi seorang suami dan ayah yang baik.","translated_text":"He later became a good husband and father.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika Maria hampir melahirkan dan tidak ada tempat bagi Maria untuk melahirkan, Yusuf mencarikan tempat lain, yakni sebuah kandang.","translated_text":"When Mary was about to give birth and there was no place for her to give birth, Joseph sought another place - a stable.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian ketika malaikat memberi tahu bahwa Yesus mengalami bahaya karena Herodes hendak membunuh bayi tersebut, Yusuf membawa Yesus dan Maria lari ke Mesir.","translated_text":"Then, when the angel told him that Jesus was in danger because Herod wanted to kill the baby, Joseph took Jesus and Mary and fled to Egypt.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah itu, Alkitab hanya menyinggung keberadaan Yusuf ketika Yesus pada usia 12 tahun, dan setelah itu tidak lagi.","translated_text":"After that, the Bible only mentions Joseph's existence when Jesus was 12 years old, and after that, no more.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tradisi menyebutkan Yusuf telah meninggal sebelum peristiwa perkawinan di Kana.","translated_text":"Tradition says that Joseph died before the wedding event in Cana.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","translated_text":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer [] ( 4 Februari 1906 – 9 April 1945 ) adalah seorang pendeta dan teolog Lutheran Jerman dan seorang anggota dalam gerakan perlawanan Jerman terhadap Nazisme.","translated_text":"Dietrich Bonhoeffer [] (February 4, 1906 ⁇ April 9, 1945) was a German Lutheran minister and theologian and a member of the German resistance movement against Nazism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia terlibat dalam sebuah komplotan yang dirancang oleh anggota-anggota Abwehr (Kantor Intelijen Militer Jerman) untuk membunuh Adolf Hitler.","translated_text":"He was involved in a plot devised by members of the Abwehr (German Military Intelligence Office) to kill Adolf Hitler.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia ditangkap pada Maret 1943, ditahan dan akhirnya digantung, tak lama sebelum berakhirnya Perang Dunia II di Eropa.","translated_text":"He was arrested in March 1943, arrested, and eventually hanged, shortly before the end of World War II in Europe.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Abraham","translated_text":"Abraham is","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Abraham ( Ashkenazi Avrohom atau Avruhom; , {{Unicode|Ibrāhīm}} ; bahasa Ge'ez: , ) adalah tokoh penting dalam Alkitab dan Al-Quran.","translated_text":"Abraham (Ashkenazi Avrohom or Avruhom; Ge'ez: ,) is an important figure in the Bible and the Qur'an.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Agama Yahudi dan Kristen mengakuinya sebagai bapa bangsa, sementara dalam tradisi Islam ia dikenal sebagai Nabi Ibrahim.","translated_text":"Judaism and Christianity acknowledge him as the father of the nation, while in Islamic tradition he is known as Ibrahim.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam tradisi agama Abrahamik, Abraham adalah bapak rohani dari banyak orang.","translated_text":"In the Abrahamic religious tradition, Abraham was the spiritual father of many.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Alkitab, Abraham dipanggil Allah dari Mesopotamia ke negeri Kanaan, sekitar tahun 2000 SM.","translated_text":"According to the Bible, Abraham was called by God from Mesopotamia to the land of Canaan, about 2000 B.C.E.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sana ia mengadakan perjanjian: Abraham diminta mengakui bahwa Yahweh adalah Tuhan dan otoritas tertinggi satu-satunya dan universal, dan untuk itu Abraham akan diberkati dengan keturunan yang tak terhitung banyaknya.","translated_text":"There he made a covenant: Abraham was asked to acknowledge that Yahweh was the only and universal God and supreme authority, and for that Abraham would be blessed with countless descendants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kehidupannya yang dikisahkan dalam Kitab Kejadian (pasal 11–25) dapat mencerminkan berbagai tradisi.","translated_text":"His life as recounted in the book of Genesis (chapter 11 ⁇ 25) may reflect various traditions.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Simon Petrus","translated_text":"Simon Peter","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Simon Petrus (Simon nama aslinya, Petrus, atau Kefas nama yang diberikan Yesus) adalah salah seorang dari dua belas rasul Yesus.","translated_text":"Simon Peter (originally Simon Peter, or Cephas) was one of Jesus' twelve apostles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah seorang nelayan dari Galilea yang diberi posisi pemimpin oleh Yesus (Matius 16:18, Yohanes 21:15-16).","translated_text":"He was a Galilean fisherman who was given a position of leadership by Jesus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dan saudaranya, Andreas adalah rasul pertama yang dipanggil oleh Yesus.","translated_text":"He and his brother, Andrew, were the first apostles called by Jesus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Simon dinamakan sebagai Petrus atau \"batu karang\", yang mengisyaratkan bahwa Yesus meletakkan landasan gereja-Nya di atas Petrus.","translated_text":"Simon was named Peter or \"the rock\", implying that Jesus laid the foundation of his church upon Peter.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Portal:Kristen","translated_text":"Categories:Public health and health","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT","wikicode":"{{Kotak info sekolah\n| nama = Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT\n| nama_asli = Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara\n| nama_latin = \n| gambar =Auditorium Peter Wongso.jpg \n| didirikan = [[1952]]\n| tipe = [[Seminari]], [[sekolah tinggi]]\n| akreditasi = \n| motto = Bagi Kristus, Bagi Gereja, Bagi Dunia, Bagi Kemuliaan Allah\n| maskot = \n| rektor = Pdt. [[Doctor of Ministry|Dr.]] [[Hari Soegianto]][{{cite web |url=https://seabs.ac.id/siapa-kami/ketua-dan-wakil/ |title=Tim Kepemimpinan {{!}} Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara |date=2021 |access-date=2021-04-09 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210409080501/https://seabs.ac.id/siapa-kami/ketua-dan-wakil/ |archive-date=2021-04-09 |dead-url=no }}] (sejak 2020)[[https://seabs.ac.id/media/document/saat-news-oktober-2020/ SAAT NEWS || OKTOBER 2020]]\n| kepsek = \n| pamong = \n| moderator = \n| kelas = \n| jurusan =[[Sarjana Teologi]], [[Magister Teologi]] \n| rentang kelas = \n| kurikulum = \n| status = \n| lonem = \n| hinem = \n| avgnem = \n| alamat = Jalan Bukit Hermon No 1, Tidar Atas\n| kota = [[Kabupaten Malang]]\n| provinsi = [[Jawa Timur]]\n| negara = [[Indonesia]]\n| telp = \n| koordinat = \n| situs web = https://www.seabs.ac.id/\n| kampus = \n| catatan = \n|name=Southeast Asia Bible Seminary|surel=info@seabs.ac.id|afliasi=[[Protestan]]|afiliasi=[[Protestan]]}}\n\n'''Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara''' ([[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]: '''''Southeast Asia Bible Seminary''''') atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai STT SAAT adalah sebuah [[sekolah tinggi]] [[teologi]] injili berbasis [[seminari]] yang berlokasi di [[Kabupaten Malang|Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur]]. Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara (disingkat SAAT) didirikan pada tahun [[1952]] oleh Dr. [[Andrew Gih]] bersama beberapa [[pendeta]] dari [[gereja]]-gereja [[Tionghoa]] di Malang.\n\n== Sejarah ==\nPada tahun [[1951]] seorang [[misionaris]] dari [[Shanghai]], [[Tiongkok]], Pdt. Dr. Andrew Gih tiba di [[Indonesia]], dan mengadakan [[Kebaktian Kebangunan Rohani|KKR]] di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia. Ia melihat bahwa walaupun banyak [[gereja]] [[Mandarin]] di Indonesia, tetapi sedikit [[pekabar Injil|hamba Tuhan]] yang ada, karena pada waktu itu Indonesia belum mempunyai [[Sekolah Teologia]] yang berbahasa Mandarin. Semua hamba Tuhan berasal dari luar negeri diantaranya Tiongkok dan [[Hongkong]]. Mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam hal izin tinggal dan penyesuaian dengan kondisi Indonesia. Oleh karena hal tersebut, Dr. Gih melihat adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk mendirikan Sekolah Teologi di Indonesia.[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]\n\nSetahun kemudian, pada awal tahun 1952, Dr. Gih sekali lagi mengunjungi Indonesia, sekaligus mempersiapkan pekerjaan untuk memulai Sekolah Teologi, dan telah memilih [[Bandung]] sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan pendidikan.[ Tidak lama kemudian, Dr. Gih membeli sebuah rumah tinggal di Jalan Pasundan 54 sebagai tempat untuk pendidikan teologi,][ yang pada saat itu dinamai Sekolah Teologia '''Madrasah Alkitab Asia Tenggara''' ('''MAAT''').\n\nDi samping Dr. Gih merintis Sekolah Teologia, ia juga merintis sebuah gereja, yaitu [[Gereja Kristen Kalam Kudus]] bersama beberapa orang [[Kristen]] [[Hakka]] di [[Jakarta]].][ Dua tahun kemudian, yakni pada [[1954]] Sekolah Teologia dipindahkan ke Malang, Jawa Timur, dan diganti namanya menjadi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara.][{{Cite web|title=Sarjana Teologi|url=https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/sarjana-teologi/|website=Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-03-02}}] Program Magister Teologi ditawarkan dengan lebih banyak konsentrasi (Teologi-Biblika, Praktika, Konseling, dll.).[{{Cite web|title=Magister Teologi|url=https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/magister-teologi/|website=Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-03-02}}] Informasi program-program yang ditawarkan bisa diperoleh melalui [https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/ situs resmi] atau [https://www.instagram.com/stt_saat/ Instagram] STT SAAT.\n\nSTT SAAT juga mengeluarkan jurnal akademik terakreditasi dengan nama '''Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan''' (terakreditasi Sinta 2),[{{Cite web|title=Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital|url=https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/15329|website=garuda.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2023-03-02}}] lalu '''Consilium: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan''' yang diterbitkan oleh BEM STT SAAT (untuk Consilium belum terakreditasi), dan mengadakan Simposium Akademik setiap tahunnya.\n\n== SAAT Youth Camp ==\nSelain mengadakan kegiatan akademik, STT SAAT juga mengadakan pelayanan kamp anak muda setiap tahunnya yang bernama '''SAAT Youth Camp.''' SAAT Youth Camp (biasa disingkat SYC) adalah acara kamp untuk anak muda Kristen dari umur 15-22 tahun. Kebanyakan pesertanya berasal dari gereja rekanan STT SAAT, tetapi tidak terbatas dari situ saja. \n\nSYC diadakan setiap akhir tahun, yaitu pada bulan Desember menggunakan kampus STT SAAT. Asrama mahasiswa digunakan sebagai penginapan peserta. Pengecualian pada tahun 2020 dan 2021, SYC diadakan secara daring karena pandemi COVID-19. Jumlah peserta yang mengikuti SYC setiap tahun berkisar 500-1000 orang setiap kali SYC diadakan.\n\nSetiap SYC memiliki tema khusus yang beragam setiap tahunnya. Biasanya tema diambil dari Alkitab. Misalnya, membahas kitab nabi-nabi (SYC 2017: Thus Saith the Lord) atau kitab Kisah Para Rasul (SYC 2022: I Love to Tell the Story). Beberapa SYC beserta temanya adalah sebagai berikut:\n\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2017 - ''Thus Saith the Lord''\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2018 - ''Yes, I Am Coming Soon''\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2019 - ''My Greatest Delight: Unchanging Truth in the Changing World''\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2020 - ''Our Journey with God: Discerning the Will of God through the Pentateuch''[{{Cite web|date=2019-02-13|title=Youth Camp 2020|url=https://seabs.ac.id/berita/02/2021/youth-camp-2020/|website=seabs.ac.id|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-07}}]\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2021 - ''The Greatest Story: HIStory Becomes Mine!''\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2022 - ''I Love to Tell the Story''\n# SAAT Youth Camp 2023 - ''The Victorious Story: Hope for Our Victories''\n\n== Fasilitas ==\n[[Berkas:Auditorium Peter Wongso.jpg|jmpl|Tampak luar Auditorium Peter Wongso dengan ukiran ayat Alkitab]]STT SAAT memiliki beberapa fasilitas untuk menunjang perkuliahan. Beberapa di antaranya:\n# Perpustakaan Prothumia dengan koleksi lebih dari 118 ribu judul buku dan bernagai macam koleksi literatur lainnya.[https://library.seabs.ac.id/] Perpustakaan ini juga terhubung dengan perpustakaan digital GlobalDTL dan EBSCO.\n# Ruang Kelas\n# Ruang Chapel Pniel\n# Auditorium Peter Wongso\n# Ruang Musik\n# ''Student Lounge''\n# Asrama Putra dan Putri\n# Lapangan Olahraga\n\n== Alumni ==\nSudah ada lebih dari 1000 alumni yang dimiliki STT SAAT sejak kampus ini berdiri. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:\n\n# Yudha Thianto[{{Cite web|title=Yudha Thianto|url=https://calvinseminary.edu/profile/yudha-thianto/|website=Calvin Theological Seminary|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-07}}]\n# [[Stephen Tong]]\n# Yohanes Adrie Hartopo[{{Cite web|title=Dosen Tetap STT Amanat Agung|url=https://sttaa.ac.id/id/tentang-kami/dosen-tetap|website=sttaa.ac.id|access-date=2024-02-07}}]\n# Benny Solihin\n# Daniel Lucas Lukito\n# Bedjo Lie\n# Andreas Hauw\n# Rahmiati Tanudjaja\n# Irwan Pranoto\n# dan alumni-alumni lainnya.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.seabs.ac.id/ Situs resmi]\n\n[[Kategori:Seminari di Jawa Timur]]\n[[Kategori:Perguruan tinggi di Kota Malang]]\n[[Kategori:Sekolah di Kota Malang]]","hash":"83ad322c4076479308f4edb33e6b75fa9cfe91348ad72b2a8c5e58efbeb57030","last_revision":"2024-02-17T07:26:36Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T15:58:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.664736","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara (Inggris: Southeast Asia Bible Seminary) atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai STT SAAT adalah sebuah sekolah tinggi teologi injili berbasis seminari yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara (disingkat SAAT) didirikan pada tahun 1952 oleh Dr. Andrew Gih bersama beberapa pendeta dari gereja-gereja Tionghoa di Malang.\n\nPada tahun 1951 seorang misionaris dari Shanghai, Tiongkok, Pdt. Dr. Andrew Gih tiba di Indonesia, dan mengadakan KKR di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia. Ia melihat bahwa walaupun banyak gereja Mandarin di Indonesia, tetapi sedikit hamba Tuhan yang ada, karena pada waktu itu Indonesia belum mempunyai Sekolah Teologia yang berbahasa Mandarin. Semua hamba Tuhan berasal dari luar negeri diantaranya Tiongkok dan Hongkong. Mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam hal izin tinggal dan penyesuaian dengan kondisi Indonesia. Oleh karena hal tersebut, Dr. Gih melihat adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk mendirikan Sekolah Teologi di Indonesia.\n\nSetahun kemudian, pada awal tahun 1952, Dr. Gih sekali lagi mengunjungi Indonesia, sekaligus mempersiapkan pekerjaan untuk memulai Sekolah Teologi, dan telah memilih Bandung sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Tidak lama kemudian, Dr. Gih membeli sebuah rumah tinggal di Jalan Pasundan 54 sebagai tempat untuk pendidikan teologi, yang pada saat itu dinamai Sekolah Teologia Madrasah Alkitab Asia Tenggara (MAAT).\n\nDi samping Dr. Gih merintis Sekolah Teologia, ia juga merintis sebuah gereja, yaitu Gereja Kristen Kalam Kudus bersama beberapa orang Kristen Hakka di Jakarta. Dua tahun kemudian, yakni pada 1954 Sekolah Teologia dipindahkan ke Malang, Jawa Timur, dan diganti namanya menjadi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara.\n\nSalah satu keunggulan program studi teologi STT SAAT adalah diwajibkannya mahasiswa untuk tinggal di asrama (bagi yang belum menikah). Asrama adalah salah satu metode pembentukan STT SAAT untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang berkarakteristik Christ-Centered Servant Leader.\n\nSelain itu, program studi teologi STT SAAT juga kaya akan praktik pelayanan untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa sebelum masuk ke ladang pelayanan. STT SAAT memberikan setidaknya tiga praktik pelayanan yang terjadwal, yaitu Praktik Kerja Lapangan Akhir Pekan (PKLAP), Praktik Kerja Lapangan Dua Bulan (PKLDB), dan Praktik Kerja Lapangan Satu Tahun (PKLST). STT SAAT bekerja sama dengan beberapa gereja dan sekolah mitra untuk mengirim mahasiswanya ke ladang praktik.\n\nSTT SAAT membuka dua program akademik di bidang teologi, yaitu Sarjana Teologi (S-1) dan Magister Teologi (S-2). Untuk program Sarjana Teologi, STT SAAT menawarkannya dalam Konsentrasi Teologi dan Musik Gerejawi. Program Magister Teologi ditawarkan dengan lebih banyak konsentrasi (Teologi-Biblika, Praktika, Konseling, dll.). Informasi program-program yang ditawarkan bisa diperoleh melalui situs resmi atau Instagram STT SAAT.\n\nSTT SAAT juga mengeluarkan jurnal akademik terakreditasi dengan nama Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan (terakreditasi Sinta 2), lalu Consilium: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan yang diterbitkan oleh BEM STT SAAT (untuk Consilium belum terakreditasi), dan mengadakan Simposium Akademik setiap tahunnya.\n\nSelain mengadakan kegiatan akademik, STT SAAT juga mengadakan pelayanan kamp anak muda setiap tahunnya yang bernama SAAT Youth Camp. SAAT Youth Camp (biasa disingkat SYC) adalah acara kamp untuk anak muda Kristen dari umur 15-22 tahun. Kebanyakan pesertanya berasal dari gereja rekanan STT SAAT, tetapi tidak terbatas dari situ saja.\n\nSYC diadakan setiap akhir tahun, yaitu pada bulan Desember menggunakan kampus STT SAAT. Asrama mahasiswa digunakan sebagai penginapan peserta. Pengecualian pada tahun 2020 dan 2021, SYC diadakan secara daring karena pandemi COVID-19. Jumlah peserta yang mengikuti SYC setiap tahun berkisar 500-1000 orang setiap kali SYC diadakan.\n\nSetiap SYC memiliki tema khusus yang beragam setiap tahunnya. Biasanya tema diambil dari Alkitab. Misalnya, membahas kitab nabi-nabi (SYC 2017: Thus Saith the Lord) atau kitab Kisah Para Rasul (SYC 2022: I Love to Tell the Story). Beberapa SYC beserta temanya adalah sebagai berikut:\n\nSAAT Youth Camp 2017 - Thus Saith the Lord SAAT Youth Camp 2018 - Yes, I Am Coming Soon SAAT Youth Camp 2019 - My Greatest Delight: Unchanging Truth in the Changing World SAAT Youth Camp 2020 - Our Journey with God: Discerning the Will of God through the Pentateuch SAAT Youth Camp 2021 - The Greatest Story: HIStory Becomes Mine! SAAT Youth Camp 2022 - I Love to Tell the Story SAAT Youth Camp 2023 - The Victorious Story: Hope for Our Victories\n\nSTT SAAT memiliki beberapa fasilitas untuk menunjang perkuliahan. Beberapa di antaranya: Perpustakaan Prothumia dengan koleksi lebih dari 118 ribu judul buku dan bernagai macam koleksi literatur lainnya. Perpustakaan ini juga terhubung dengan perpustakaan digital GlobalDTL dan EBSCO. Ruang Kelas Ruang Chapel Pniel Auditorium Peter Wongso Ruang Musik Student Lounge Asrama Putra dan Putri Lapangan Olahraga\n\nSudah ada lebih dari 1000 alumni yang dimiliki STT SAAT sejak kampus ini berdiri. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:\n\nYudha Thianto Stephen Tong Yohanes Adrie Hartopo Benny Solihin Daniel Lucas Lukito Bedjo Lie Andreas Hauw Rahmiati Tanudjaja Irwan Pranoto dan alumni-alumni lainnya.\n\nSitus resmi\n\nKategori:Seminari di Jawa Timur Kategori:Perguruan tinggi di Kota Malang Kategori:Sekolah di Kota Malang\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara (Inggris: Southeast Asia Bible Seminary) atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai STT SAAT adalah sebuah sekolah tinggi teologi injili berbasis seminari yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur.","translated_text":"Southeast Asia Bible Seminary or commonly known as STT SAAT is a seminary-based evangelical theological high school located in Malang District, East Java.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara (disingkat SAAT) didirikan pada tahun 1952 oleh Dr. Andrew Gih bersama beberapa pendeta dari gereja-gereja Tionghoa di Malang.","translated_text":"The Southeast Asian Bible Seminary (abbreviated SAAT) was founded in 1952 by Dr. Andrew Gih along with several pastors from Chinese churches in Malang.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1951 seorang misionaris dari Shanghai, Tiongkok, Pdt. Dr","translated_text":"In 1951 a missionary from Shanghai, China, Pdt.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":". Andrew Gih tiba di Indonesia, dan mengadakan KKR di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia.","translated_text":"Andrew Gih arrived in Indonesia, and held KKRs in some major cities in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia melihat bahwa walaupun banyak gereja Mandarin di Indonesia, tetapi sedikit hamba Tuhan yang ada, karena pada waktu itu Indonesia belum mempunyai Sekolah Teologia yang berbahasa Mandarin.","translated_text":"He observed that although there were many Mandarin churches in Indonesia, there were few servants of God, since at that time Indonesia did not yet have a Mandarin-speaking School of Theology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua hamba Tuhan berasal dari luar negeri diantaranya Tiongkok dan Hongkong.","translated_text":"All of God's servants came from abroad, including China and Hong Kong.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam hal izin tinggal dan penyesuaian dengan kondisi Indonesia.","translated_text":"They had difficulties in terms of residence permits and adjustment to Indonesian conditions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena hal tersebut, Dr. Gih melihat adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk mendirikan Sekolah Teologi di Indonesia.","translated_text":"As a result, Dr. Gih saw the urgent need to establish a Theological School in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":119,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat 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preparing work to start the School of Theology, and had chosen Bandung as the place of education.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":216,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak lama kemudian, Dr. Gih membeli sebuah rumah tinggal di Jalan Pasundan 54 sebagai tempat untuk pendidikan teologi, yang pada saat itu dinamai Sekolah Teologia Madrasah Alkitab Asia Tenggara (MAAT).","translated_text":"Soon afterward, Dr. Gih purchased a residence on Pasundan Road 54 as a place for theological education, which was then called the Southeast Asian Bible Madrasah School of Theology (MAAT).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":119,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 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GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":159,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua tahun kemudian, yakni pada 1954 Sekolah Teologia dipindahkan ke Malang, Jawa Timur, dan diganti namanya menjadi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"Two years later, in 1954, the School of Theology was moved to Malang, East Java, and renamed the Southeast Asian Bible Seminary.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":147,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Program Studi","translated_text":"The Study Program","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salah satu keunggulan program studi teologi STT SAAT adalah diwajibkannya mahasiswa untuk tinggal di asrama (bagi yang belum menikah).","translated_text":"One of the advantages of STT SAAT's theological studies program is that students are required to stay in dormitories (for unmarried).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asrama adalah salah satu metode pembentukan STT SAAT untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang berkarakteristik Christ-Centered Servant Leader.","translated_text":"Hostels are one of the methods of forming STT SAAT to produce graduates with Christ-Centered Servant Leader characteristics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain itu, program studi teologi STT SAAT juga kaya akan praktik pelayanan untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa sebelum masuk ke ladang pelayanan.","translated_text":"In addition, STT SAAT's theological studies program is also rich in ministry practices to prepare students before entering the field of ministry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"STT SAAT memberikan setidaknya tiga praktik pelayanan yang terjadwal, yaitu Praktik Kerja Lapangan Akhir Pekan (PKLAP), Praktik Kerja Lapangan Dua Bulan (PKLDB), dan Praktik Kerja Lapangan Satu Tahun (PKLST).","translated_text":"STT SAAT provides at least three scheduled service practices, namely the Week-End Fieldwork Practice (WEFP), the Two-Month Fieldwork Practice (BWFP), and the One-Year Fieldwork Practice (WEFP).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"STT SAAT bekerja sama dengan beberapa gereja dan sekolah mitra untuk mengirim mahasiswanya ke ladang praktik.","translated_text":"STT SAAT cooperates with several partner churches and schools to send its students to practice fields.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"STT SAAT membuka dua program akademik di bidang teologi, yaitu Sarjana Teologi (S-1) dan Magister Teologi (S-2).","translated_text":"STT SAAT opens two academic programs in the field of theology, namely Bachelor of Theology (S-1) and Master of Theology (S-2).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk program Sarjana Teologi, STT SAAT menawarkannya dalam Konsentrasi Teologi dan Musik Gerejawi.","translated_text":"For the Bachelor of Theology program, STT SAAT offers it in Concentration in Theology and Church Music.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Sarjana Teologi|url=https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/sarjana-teologi/|website=Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-03-02}}]","char_index":99,"name":null,"url":"https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/sarjana-teologi/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.512133-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Program Magister Teologi ditawarkan dengan lebih banyak konsentrasi (Teologi-Biblika, Praktika, Konseling, dll.).","translated_text":"The Master of Theology program is offered with more concentration (Theology-Bible, Practice, Counseling, etc.).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Magister Teologi|url=https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/magister-teologi/|website=Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-03-02}}]","char_index":113,"name":null,"url":"https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/magister-teologi/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:31.267125-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 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Consilium not yet accredited), and holds an annual Academic Symposium.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital|url=https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/15329|website=garuda.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2023-03-02}}]","char_index":131,"name":null,"url":"https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/15329","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:31.990112-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"SAAT Youth Camp","translated_text":"SAAT Youth Camp","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain mengadakan kegiatan akademik, STT SAAT juga mengadakan pelayanan kamp anak muda setiap tahunnya yang bernama SAAT Youth Camp.","translated_text":"In addition to organizing academic activities, STT SAAT also holds an annual youth camp service called SAAT Youth Camp.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"SAAT Youth Camp (biasa disingkat SYC) adalah acara kamp untuk anak muda Kristen dari umur 15-22 tahun.","translated_text":"SAAT Youth Camp (commonly abbreviated as SYC) is a camp event for Christian youths aged 15-22.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kebanyakan pesertanya berasal dari gereja rekanan STT SAAT, tetapi tidak terbatas dari situ saja.","translated_text":"Most of the participants came from, but were not limited to, St. Paul's associate church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SYC diadakan setiap akhir tahun, yaitu pada bulan Desember menggunakan kampus STT SAAT.","translated_text":"SYC is held annually at the end of the year, i.e. in December using the STT SAAT campus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asrama mahasiswa digunakan sebagai penginapan peserta.","translated_text":"Student hostels are used as hostels for participants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengecualian pada tahun 2020 dan 2021, SYC diadakan secara daring karena pandemi COVID-19.","translated_text":"Except in 2020 and 2021, the SYC was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jumlah peserta yang mengikuti SYC setiap tahun berkisar 500-1000 orang setiap kali SYC diadakan.","translated_text":"The number of participants attending SYC each year is around 500-1000 people each time SYC is held.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setiap SYC memiliki tema khusus yang beragam setiap tahunnya.","translated_text":"Each SYC has a different theme each year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biasanya tema diambil dari Alkitab.","translated_text":"The theme is usually taken from the Bible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Misalnya, membahas kitab nabi-nabi (SYC 2017: Thus Saith the Lord) atau kitab Kisah Para Rasul (SYC 2022: I Love to Tell the Story).","translated_text":"For example, consider the book of prophets (SYC 2017: Thus Saith the Lord) or the book of Acts (SYC 2022: I Love to Tell the Story).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa SYC beserta temanya adalah sebagai berikut:","translated_text":"Some of the SYC's themes are as follows:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SAAT Youth Camp 2017 - Thus Saith the Lord SAAT Youth Camp 2018 - Yes, I Am Coming Soon SAAT Youth Camp 2019 - My Greatest Delight: Unchanging Truth in the Changing World SAAT Youth Camp 2020 - Our Journey with God: Discerning the Will of God through the Pentateuch SAAT Youth Camp 2021 - The Greatest Story: HIStory Becomes Mine!","translated_text":"SAAT Youth Camp 2017 - Thus Saith the Lord SAAT Youth Camp 2018 - Yes, I Am Coming Soon SAAT Youth Camp 2019 - My Greatest Delight: Unchanging Truth in the Changing World SAAT Youth Camp 2020 - Our Journey with God: Discerning the Will of God through the Pentateuch SAAT Youth Camp 2021 - The Greatest Story: HIStory Becomes Mine!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|date=2019-02-13|title=Youth Camp 2020|url=https://seabs.ac.id/berita/02/2021/youth-camp-2020/|website=seabs.ac.id|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-07}}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"https://seabs.ac.id/berita/02/2021/youth-camp-2020/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:42.021096-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"SAAT Youth Camp 2022 - I Love to Tell the Story SAAT Youth Camp 2023 - The Victorious Story: Hope for Our Victories","translated_text":"SAAT Youth Camp 2022 - I Love to Tell the Story SAAT Youth Camp 2023 - The Victorious Story: Hope for Our Victories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Fasilitas","translated_text":"Facilities","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"STT SAAT memiliki beberapa fasilitas untuk menunjang perkuliahan.","translated_text":"STT SAAT has several facilities to support education.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa di antaranya: Perpustakaan Prothumia dengan koleksi lebih dari 118 ribu judul buku dan bernagai macam koleksi literatur lainnya.","translated_text":"Among them: Prothumia's Library with a collection of more than 118,000 book titles and a variety of other literary collections.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[https://library.seabs.ac.id/]","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"https://library.seabs.ac.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":21,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:42.756143-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perpustakaan ini juga terhubung dengan perpustakaan digital GlobalDTL dan EBSCO.","translated_text":"The library is also connected to GlobalDTL and EBSCO digital libraries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ruang Kelas Ruang Chapel Pniel Auditorium Peter Wongso Ruang Musik Student Lounge Asrama Putra dan Putri Lapangan Olahraga","translated_text":"Classroom Room Chapel Pniel Auditorium Peter Wongso Music Room Student Lounge","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Alumni","translated_text":"Alumni","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sudah ada lebih dari 1000 alumni yang dimiliki STT SAAT sejak kampus ini berdiri.","translated_text":"There have been over 1000 alumni owned by STT SAAT since this college was founded.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:","translated_text":"Some of them are as follows:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yudha Thianto Stephen Tong Yohanes Adrie Hartopo Benny Solihin Daniel Lucas Lukito Bedjo Lie Andreas Hauw Rahmiati Tanudjaja Irwan Pranoto dan alumni-alumni lainnya.","translated_text":"Yudha Thianto Stephen Tong John Adrie Hartopo Benny Solihin Daniel Lucas Lukito Bedjo Lie Andreas Hauw Rahmiati Tanudjaja Irwan Pranoto and other alumni.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Yudha Thianto|url=https://calvinseminary.edu/profile/yudha-thianto/|website=Calvin Theological Seminary|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-07}}]","char_index":13,"name":null,"url":"https://calvinseminary.edu/profile/yudha-thianto/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:42.866026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Dosen Tetap STT Amanat Agung|url=https://sttaa.ac.id/id/tentang-kami/dosen-tetap|website=sttaa.ac.id|access-date=2024-02-07}}]","char_index":48,"name":null,"url":"https://sttaa.ac.id/id/tentang-kami/dosen-tetap","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":79778,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:43.040632-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.70068359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Situs resmi","translated_text":"The official website","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Seminari di Jawa Timur Kategori:Perguruan tinggi di Kota Malang Kategori:Sekolah di Kota Malang","translated_text":"Category:Seminaries in East Java Category:Colleges in Malang City Category:Schools in Malang City","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Semua hamba Tuhan berasal dari luar negeri diantaranya Tiongkok dan Hongkong. Mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam hal izin tinggal dan penyesuaian dengan kondisi Indonesia. Oleh karena hal tersebut, Dr. Gih melihat adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk mendirikan Sekolah Teologi di Indonesia.","translated_text":"All of God's servants came from abroad, including China and Hong Kong. They had difficulties in terms of residence permits and adjustment to Indonesian conditions. As a result, Dr. Gih saw the urgent need to establish a Theological School in Indonesia.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":289,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":289,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setahun kemudian, pada awal tahun 1952, Dr. Gih sekali lagi mengunjungi Indonesia, sekaligus mempersiapkan pekerjaan untuk memulai Sekolah Teologi, dan telah memilih Bandung sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan pendidikan.","translated_text":"A year later, in early 1952, Dr. Gih once again visited Indonesia, at the same time preparing work to start the School of Theology, and had chosen Bandung as the place of education.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":216,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setahun kemudian, pada awal tahun 1952, Dr. Gih sekali lagi mengunjungi Indonesia, sekaligus mempersiapkan pekerjaan untuk memulai Sekolah Teologi, dan telah memilih Bandung sebagai tempat penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Tidak lama kemudian, Dr. Gih membeli sebuah rumah tinggal di Jalan Pasundan 54 sebagai tempat untuk pendidikan teologi, yang pada saat itu dinamai Sekolah Teologia Madrasah Alkitab Asia Tenggara (MAAT).","translated_text":"A year later, in early 1952, Dr. Gih once again visited Indonesia, at the same time preparing work to start the School of Theology, and had chosen Bandung as the place of education. Soon afterward, Dr. Gih purchased a residence on Pasundan Road 54 as a place for theological education, which was then called the Southeast Asian Bible Madrasah School of Theology (MAAT).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":336,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di samping Dr. Gih merintis Sekolah Teologia, ia juga merintis sebuah gereja, yaitu Gereja Kristen Kalam Kudus bersama beberapa orang Kristen Hakka di Jakarta.","translated_text":"In addition to pioneering the School of Theology, Dr. Gih also pioneered a church, the Christian Church of the Holy Sepulchre with a few Hakka Christians in Jakarta.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":159,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di samping Dr. Gih merintis Sekolah Teologia, ia juga merintis sebuah gereja, yaitu Gereja Kristen Kalam Kudus bersama beberapa orang Kristen Hakka di Jakarta. Dua tahun kemudian, yakni pada 1954 Sekolah Teologia dipindahkan ke Malang, Jawa Timur, dan diganti namanya menjadi Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara.","translated_text":"In addition to pioneering the School of Theology, Dr. Gih also pioneered a church, the Christian Church of the Holy Sepulchre with a few Hakka Christians in Jakarta. Two years later, in 1954, the School of Theology was moved to Malang, East Java, and renamed the Southeast Asian Bible Seminary.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|title=Sejarah singkat GKKKB|accessdate=2010-10-28|archive-date=2009-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420153630/http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":307,"name":"gkkkb","url":"http://www.gkkkbandung.or.id/data/Sejarah%20GKKKB.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.398124-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"STT SAAT membuka dua program akademik di bidang teologi, yaitu Sarjana Teologi (S-1) dan Magister Teologi (S-2). Untuk program Sarjana Teologi, STT SAAT menawarkannya dalam Konsentrasi Teologi dan Musik Gerejawi.","translated_text":"STT SAAT opens two academic programs in the field of theology, namely Bachelor of Theology (S-1) and Master of Theology (S-2). For the Bachelor of Theology program, STT SAAT offers it in Concentration in Theology and Church Music.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Sarjana Teologi|url=https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/sarjana-teologi/|website=Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-03-02}}]","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":"https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/sarjana-teologi/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:30.512133-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"STT SAAT membuka dua program akademik di bidang teologi, yaitu Sarjana Teologi (S-1) dan Magister Teologi (S-2). Untuk program Sarjana Teologi, STT SAAT menawarkannya dalam Konsentrasi Teologi dan Musik Gerejawi. Program Magister Teologi ditawarkan dengan lebih banyak konsentrasi (Teologi-Biblika, Praktika, Konseling, dll.).","translated_text":"STT SAAT opens two academic programs in the field of theology, namely Bachelor of Theology (S-1) and Master of Theology (S-2). For the Bachelor of Theology program, STT SAAT offers it in Concentration in Theology and Church Music. The Master of Theology program is offered with more concentration (Theology-Bible, Practice, Counseling, etc.).","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Magister Teologi|url=https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/magister-teologi/|website=Seminari Alkitab Asia Tenggara|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-03-02}}]","char_index":326,"name":null,"url":"https://seabs.ac.id/akademik/magister-teologi/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:31.267125-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"STT SAAT juga mengeluarkan jurnal akademik terakreditasi dengan nama Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan (terakreditasi Sinta 2), lalu Consilium: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan yang diterbitkan oleh BEM STT SAAT (untuk Consilium belum terakreditasi), dan mengadakan Simposium Akademik setiap tahunnya.","translated_text":"STT SAAT also publishes an accredited academic journal called Veritas: Journal of Theology and Ministry (accredited Sinta 2), then Consilium: Journal of Theology and Ministry published by BEM STT SAAT (for Consilium not yet accredited), and holds an annual Academic Symposium.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital|url=https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/15329|website=garuda.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=2023-03-02}}]","char_index":131,"name":null,"url":"https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/15329","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:31.990112-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"SAAT Youth Camp 2017 - Thus Saith the Lord SAAT Youth Camp 2018 - Yes, I Am Coming Soon SAAT Youth Camp 2019 - My Greatest Delight: Unchanging Truth in the Changing World SAAT Youth Camp 2020 - Our Journey with God: Discerning the Will of God through the Pentateuch SAAT Youth Camp 2021 - The Greatest Story: HIStory Becomes Mine!","translated_text":"SAAT Youth Camp 2017 - Thus Saith the Lord SAAT Youth Camp 2018 - Yes, I Am Coming Soon SAAT Youth Camp 2019 - My Greatest Delight: Unchanging Truth in the Changing World SAAT Youth Camp 2020 - Our Journey with God: Discerning the Will of God through the Pentateuch SAAT Youth Camp 2021 - The Greatest Story: HIStory Becomes Mine!","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|date=2019-02-13|title=Youth Camp 2020|url=https://seabs.ac.id/berita/02/2021/youth-camp-2020/|website=seabs.ac.id|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-07}}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"https://seabs.ac.id/berita/02/2021/youth-camp-2020/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":779,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:42.021096-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (8 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"STT SAAT memiliki beberapa fasilitas untuk menunjang perkuliahan. Beberapa di antaranya: Perpustakaan Prothumia dengan koleksi lebih dari 118 ribu judul buku dan bernagai macam koleksi literatur lainnya.","translated_text":"STT SAAT has several facilities to support education. Among them: Prothumia's Library with a collection of more than 118,000 book titles and a variety of other literary collections.","citations":[{"content":"[https://library.seabs.ac.id/]","char_index":203,"name":null,"url":"https://library.seabs.ac.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":21,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:42.756143-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yudha Thianto Stephen Tong Yohanes Adrie Hartopo Benny Solihin Daniel Lucas Lukito Bedjo Lie Andreas Hauw Rahmiati Tanudjaja Irwan Pranoto dan alumni-alumni lainnya.","translated_text":"Yudha Thianto Stephen Tong John Adrie Hartopo Benny Solihin Daniel Lucas Lukito Bedjo Lie Andreas Hauw Rahmiati Tanudjaja Irwan Pranoto and other alumni.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Yudha Thianto|url=https://calvinseminary.edu/profile/yudha-thianto/|website=Calvin Theological Seminary|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-07}}]","char_index":13,"name":null,"url":"https://calvinseminary.edu/profile/yudha-thianto/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:42.866026-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Dosen Tetap STT Amanat Agung|url=https://sttaa.ac.id/id/tentang-kami/dosen-tetap|website=sttaa.ac.id|access-date=2024-02-07}}]","char_index":48,"name":null,"url":"https://sttaa.ac.id/id/tentang-kami/dosen-tetap","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":79778,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:43.040632-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.70068359375}]}]}
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+{"title":"SAAT","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT]]","hash":"9c7e153f96050b604fd050821b0b6bba520d75c30e9fe0d1525bb11da763ce58","last_revision":"2023-03-02T04:26:19Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T16:23:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.895535","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT","translated_text":"THE Theological High School of the Era","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Seminari Alkitab","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Seminari]]","hash":"4229b3df1bc038f4afd23f54b5e30afc9c4b638ad6ed21bed2ac52b42b580903","last_revision":"2010-10-27T16:35:51Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T16:35:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:44.967774","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Seminari\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Seminari","translated_text":"The seminary","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Danny Sullivan","wikicode":"{{Former F1 driver \n|image = DannySullivan.jpg |\n|image-size =\n|pixels = |\n|name = Danny Sullivan\n|nationality = {{USA}}\n|date of birth = {{birth date and age|1950|3|9}}\n|years = {{F1|1983}}\n|team(s) = [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]\n|races = 15\n|points = 2\n|first race = [[Grand Prix F1 Brasil 1983|Grand Prix Brasil 1983]]\n|last race = [[Grand Prix F1 Afrika Selatan 1983|Grand Prix Afsel 1983]]\n| module =\n{{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes\n| last series = CART PPG Indycar World Series\n| years active = 1982–1993, 1995\n| teams = [[Forsythe Racing]]
[[Shierson Racing]]
[[Penske Racing]]
[[Patrick Racing]]
[[Galles Racing]]
[[PacWest Racing]]\n| starts = 170\n| wins = 17\n| poles = 19\n| fastest laps =\n| best finish = Juara\n| year = [[IndyCar musim 1988|1988]]\n| titles = CART PPG Indycar World Series\n| title years = 1988\n| awards = Indianapolis 500 winner\n| award years = [[Indianapolis 500 1985|1985]]\n}}\n}}\n'''Daniel John \"Danny\" Sullivan III''' ({{lahirmati|[[Louisville, Kentucky]], [[Amerika Serikat|AS]]|9|3|1950}} merupakan seorang mantan pembalap [[Formula Satu]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia terkenal sebagai juara balap [[Indianapolis 500]] tahun 1989. Sullivan berpartisipasi di ajang F1 pada tahun 1983 dengan memperkuat tim [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]. Sementara di ajang balapan [[Champ Car|CART]] ia berpartisipasi dari tahun 1982, 1984 sampai 1993, dan musim 1995. Ia berhasil menjadi juara dunia CART pada tahun 1989.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-suldan.html Grand Prix encyclopedia entry on Danny Sullivan]\n* [http://www.indy500.com/news/story.php?story_id=3594 Sullivan's 1985 win on Indy500.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116112826/http://www.indy500.com/news/story.php?story_id=3594 |date=2006-01-16 }}\n* {{imdb|0838020|Danny Sullivan}}\n{{Pemenang Indianapolis 500}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Sullivan, Danny}}\n[[Kategori:Pembalap Formula Satu Amerika Serikat]]\n[[Kategori:Pembalap Champ Car]]\n[[Kategori:Pembalap 24 Hours of Le Mans]]\n[[Kategori:Pembawa acara otomotif]]\n[[Kategori:Peserta Indianapolis 500]]\n[[Kategori:Pembalap F1 tim Tyrrell]]\n\n\n{{F1-bio-stub}}","hash":"cc005b64b97160113cbd132b97595a3191ea134b018704a86ddec31c0851746b","last_revision":"2023-08-27T06:35:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T16:57:12Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.024695","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"داني سوليفان","arz":"دانى سوليفان","bg":"Дани Съливан","ca":"Danny Sullivan","de":"Danny Sullivan","el":"Ντάνι Σάλιβαν","en":"Danny Sullivan","es":"Danny Sullivan","fa":"دنی سالیوان","fi":"Danny Sullivan","fr":"Danny Sullivan","hu":"Danny Sullivan","it":"Danny Sullivan","ja":"ダニー・サリバン","nl":"Danny Sullivan","pl":"Danny Sullivan","pt":"Danny Sullivan","ro":"Danny Sullivan","ru":"Салливан, Дэнни","sl":"Danny Sullivan","sv":"Danny Sullivan"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Daniel John \"Danny\" Sullivan III ( merupakan seorang mantan pembalap Formula Satu asal Amerika Serikat. Ia terkenal sebagai juara balap Indianapolis 500 tahun 1989. Sullivan berpartisipasi di ajang F1 pada tahun 1983 dengan memperkuat tim Tyrrell. Sementara di ajang balapan CART ia berpartisipasi dari tahun 1982, 1984 sampai 1993, dan musim 1995. Ia berhasil menjadi juara dunia CART pada tahun 1989.\n\nGrand Prix encyclopedia entry on Danny Sullivan Sullivan's 1985 win on Indy500.com\n\nKategori:Pembalap Formula Satu Amerika Serikat Kategori:Pembalap Champ Car Kategori:Pembalap 24 Hours of Le Mans Kategori:Pembawa acara otomotif Kategori:Peserta Indianapolis 500 Kategori:Pembalap F1 tim Tyrrell\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daniel John \"Danny\" Sullivan III ( merupakan seorang mantan pembalap Formula Satu asal Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Daniel John \"Danny\" Sullivan III is a former Formula One racer from the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia terkenal sebagai juara balap Indianapolis 500 tahun 1989.","translated_text":"He is best known as the 1989 Indianapolis 500 race champion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sullivan berpartisipasi di ajang F1 pada tahun 1983 dengan memperkuat tim Tyrrell.","translated_text":"Sullivan participated in the F1 event in 1983 by reinforcing the Tyrrell team.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sementara di ajang balapan CART ia berpartisipasi dari tahun 1982, 1984 sampai 1993, dan musim 1995.","translated_text":"While on the CART circuit he participated from 1982, 1984 to 1993, and the 1995 season.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia berhasil menjadi juara dunia CART pada tahun 1989.","translated_text":"He won the CART world championship in 1989.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Grand Prix encyclopedia entry on Danny Sullivan Sullivan's 1985 win on Indy500.com","translated_text":"Grand Prix encyclopedia entry on Danny Sullivan's 1985 win on Indy500.com","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116112826/http://www.indy500.com/news/story.php?story_id=3594 |date=2006-01-16 }}","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060116112826/http://www.indy500.com/news/story.php?story_id=3594","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.075595-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pembalap Formula Satu Amerika Serikat Kategori:Pembalap Champ Car Kategori:Pembalap 24 Hours of Le Mans Kategori:Pembawa acara otomotif Kategori:Peserta Indianapolis 500 Kategori:Pembalap F1 tim Tyrrell","translated_text":"Category:United States Formula One drivers Category:Champ Car drivers Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers Category:Car drivers Category:Indianapolis 500 drivers Category:F1 drivers of the Tyrrell team","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Grand Prix encyclopedia entry on Danny Sullivan Sullivan's 1985 win on Indy500.com","translated_text":"Grand Prix encyclopedia entry on Danny Sullivan's 1985 win on Indy500.com","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116112826/http://www.indy500.com/news/story.php?story_id=3594 |date=2006-01-16 }}","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060116112826/http://www.indy500.com/news/story.php?story_id=3594","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.075595-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin","wikicode":"{{Infobox religious building\n| name = Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin\n| native_name = مسجد السلطان عمر علي سيف الدين
Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin\n| native_name_lang = ms\n| image = Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque.jpg\n| image_upright = \n| alt = \n| caption = Pandangan luar masjid pada siang hari\n| map_type = Brunei\n| map_size = \n| map_alt = \n| map_relief = \n| map_caption = \n| coordinates = {{Coord|4.8894|114.9392|type:landmark_region:BN|display=inline,title|format=dms}}\n| coordinates_footnotes = \n| religious_affiliation = [[Islam Sunni]]\n| locale = \n| location = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Brunei Darussalam]]\n| deity = \n| rite = \n| sect = \n| tradition = \n| festival = \n| cercle = \n| sector = \n| municipality = \n| district = \n| territory = \n| prefecture = \n| state = \n| province = \n| region = \n| country = {{BRU}}\n| administration = \n| consecration_year = \n| organisational_status = \n| functional_status = \n| heritage_designation = \n| ownership =\n| governing_body = \n| leadership = \n| bhattaraka = \n| patron = \n| religious_features_label = \n| religious_features = \n| architect = \n| architecture_type = [[Masjid]]\n| architecture_style = [[Arsitektur Islam]]\n| founded_by = \n| creator = \n| funded_by = \n| general_contractor = \n| established = 1958\n| groundbreaking = 4 Februari 1954\n| year_completed = 26 September 1958\n| construction_cost = 7,7 hingga 9.2 juta dolar AS\n| date_demolished = \n| facade_direction = \n| capacity = \n| length = \n| width = \n| width_nave = \n| interior_area = \n| height_max = \n| dome_quantity = 1 kubah besar dengan banya kibah kecil di sekitarnya.\n| dome_height_outer = \n| dome_height_inner = \n| dome_dia_outer = \n| dome_dia_inner = \n| minaret_quantity = 1\n| minaret_height = 52 m (171 ft)\n| spire_quantity = \n| spire_height = \n| site_area = \n| temple_quantity = \n| monument_quantity = \n| shrine_quantity = \n| inscriptions = \n| materials = \n| elevation_m = \n| elevation_footnotes = \n| nrhp = \n| designated = \n| added = \n| refnum = \n| footnotes = \n| website = \n}}\n\n'''Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin''' adalah [[masid negara|masjid kerajaan]] [[Kesultanan Brunei]] yang terletak di [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], ibu kota [[Brunei Darussalam]]. Masjid ini adalah salah satu masjid paling mengagumkan di Asia Pasifik, serta menjadi [[markah tanah]] dan daya tarik wisata utama di Brunei.\n\n== Pengenalan ==\nMasjid ini dinamai berdasarkan [[Omar Ali Saifuddien III]], Sultan Brunei ke-28. Masjid yang mendominasi pemandangan kota Bandar Seri Begawan ini melambangkan kemegahan dan kejayaan Islam yang menjadi agama mayoritas dan agama resmi Brunei Darussalam. Bangunan ini rampung pada tahun [[1958]] dan merupakan contoh [[Arsitektur Islam]] modern.\n\n== Arsitektur ==\n[[Berkas:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque with the ceremonial ship.jpg|jmpl|Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque dengan perahu mahligai kencana kerajaan di sebelah kiri.]]\n\nArsitektur masjid ini memadukan [[Arsitektur Mughal]] dengan gaya Italia. Bangunan ini dirancang oleh biro arsitekur Booty and Edwards Chartered berdasarkan rancangan karya arsitek berkebangsaan Italia Cavaliere Rudolfo Nolli, yang telah lama bekerja di teluk Siam.\n\nMasjid ini dibangun diatas laguna atau kolam buatan di tepi sungai Brunei di [[Kampong Ayer]], \"kampung yang terletak di atas air\". Masjid ini memiliki [[menara]] marmer dengan kubah emas, dilengkapi taman yang permai dan air mancur. Taman indah yang mengelilingi masjid melambangkan [[taman]] [[surga]]wi dalam kepercayaan Islam. Sebuah jembatan membentang di tengah laguna menuju Kampong Ayer di tengah sungai. Sebuah jembatan marmer lainnya menuju ke bangunan yang merupakan replika Perahu Mahligai Kerajaan milik Sultan Bolkiah yang memerintah pada abad ke-16. Bangunan ini dibangun untuk memperingati 1.400 tahun [[Nuzul Al-Quran]], dan dimeriahkan diselesaikan pada tahun 1967 dan digunakan sebagai panggung Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran (lomba pembacaan Al-Quran) di Brunei.\n\nCiri khas yang paling mengagumkan dari Masjid ini adalah kubahnya yang dilapisi [[emas]] murni. Masjid ini menjulang setinggi 52 meter (171 kaki) dan dapat dipandang dari setiap sudut kota Bandar Seri Begawan. Menara masjid merupakan bagian tertinggi dari masjid ini. Masjid ini memadukan secara unik unsur [[Renaissans]] arsitektur Italia dengan nuansa yang bernilai Islami. Di dalam menara masjid terdapat [[lift]] di mana pengunjung dapat naik ke puncak menara dan menikmati pemandangan panorama kota dari ketinggian.\n\nBagian dalam ruangan masjid khusus untuk ibadah [[salat]] bagi umat [[muslim]]. Terdapat jendela kaca patri beraneka warna yang mengagumkan, [[pelengkung]], separuh kubah, dan pilar-pilar marmer. Hampir seluruh bahan bangunan masjid ini diimpor dari luar negeri yaitu: Marmer dari [[Italia]], batu granit dari Shanghai China, lampu kristal dari Inggris, serta karpet dari Arab Saudi.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Commons category}}\n* [http://www.bruneiresources.com/goldenlegacy/tgl_masjid_soas.html Rozan Yunos, The Brunei Times]\n* [http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BX/SaifuddinMosque.html GoogleEarth view of the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016104726/http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BX/SaifuddinMosque.html |date=2006-10-16 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Masjid di Brunei|Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin]]\n[[Kategori:Bandar Seri Begawan]]\n[[Kategori:Masjid Kesultanan|Sultan Omar]]","hash":"39324b880c20660d567197312c558d74d9a20d4c1d16e45f170ffa11484399e0","last_revision":"2023-09-08T07:44:12Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T18:03:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.080684","cross_lingual_links":{"ace":"Meuseujid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin","ar":"مسجد السلطان عمر علي سيف الدين","arz":"مسجد السلطان عمر على سيف الدين","bn":"সুলতান ওমর আলি সাইফুদ্দিন মসজিদ","de":"Sultan-Omar-Ali-Saifuddin-Moschee","en":"Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque","es":"Mezquita del Sultán Omar Ali Saifuddin","fa":"مسجد سلطان عمر علی سیفالدین","fi":"Omar Ali Saifuddienin moskeija","fr":"Mosquée Omar Ali Saifuddin","gl":"Mesquita de Omar Ali Saifuddien","he":"מסגד עומר עלי סייפודיאן","hi":"उमर अली सैफुद्दीन मस्जिद","it":"Moschea Omar Ali Saifuddien","ja":"スルターン・オマール・アリ・サイフディーン・モスク","kk":"Сұлтан Омар Әли Сайфуддин мешіті","ko":"오마르 알리 사이푸딘 모스크","lt":"Sultono Omaro Ali Saifudino mečetė","min":"Musajik Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin","mk":"Џамија Султан Омар Али Саифудин","ms":"Masjid Omar Ali Saifuddien","nl":"Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin-moskee","pl":"Meczet Omara Alego Saifuddiena","pnb":"سلطان عمر علی سیف الدین مسجد","pt":"Grande Mesquita de Omar Ali Saifuddin","ru":"Мечеть Омара Али Сайфуддина","rw":"Umusigiti wa Sulutani Omar Ali Saifuddin","sv":"Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin-moskén","th":"มัสยิดโอมาร์ อาลี ไซฟุดดีน","tl":"Moske ng Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin","tr":"Sultan Ömer Ali Seyfeddin Camii","tt":"Солтан Гомәр Гали Сәйфетдин мәчете","uk":"Мечеть султана Омара Алі Сайфуддіна","ur":"سلطان عمر علی سیف الدین مسجد","vi":"Nhà thờ Hồi Giáo Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin","zh":"奥马尔·阿里·赛义夫丁苏丹清真寺"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin adalah masjid kerajaan Kesultanan Brunei yang terletak di Bandar Seri Begawan, ibu kota Brunei Darussalam. Masjid ini adalah salah satu masjid paling mengagumkan di Asia Pasifik, serta menjadi markah tanah dan daya tarik wisata utama di Brunei.\n\nMasjid ini dinamai berdasarkan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan Brunei ke-28. Masjid yang mendominasi pemandangan kota Bandar Seri Begawan ini melambangkan kemegahan dan kejayaan Islam yang menjadi agama mayoritas dan agama resmi Brunei Darussalam. Bangunan ini rampung pada tahun 1958 dan merupakan contoh Arsitektur Islam modern.\n\nArsitektur masjid ini memadukan Arsitektur Mughal dengan gaya Italia. Bangunan ini dirancang oleh biro arsitekur Booty and Edwards Chartered berdasarkan rancangan karya arsitek berkebangsaan Italia Cavaliere Rudolfo Nolli, yang telah lama bekerja di teluk Siam.\n\nMasjid ini dibangun diatas laguna atau kolam buatan di tepi sungai Brunei di Kampong Ayer, \"kampung yang terletak di atas air\". Masjid ini memiliki menara marmer dengan kubah emas, dilengkapi taman yang permai dan air mancur. Taman indah yang mengelilingi masjid melambangkan taman surgawi dalam kepercayaan Islam. Sebuah jembatan membentang di tengah laguna menuju Kampong Ayer di tengah sungai. Sebuah jembatan marmer lainnya menuju ke bangunan yang merupakan replika Perahu Mahligai Kerajaan milik Sultan Bolkiah yang memerintah pada abad ke-16. Bangunan ini dibangun untuk memperingati 1.400 tahun Nuzul Al-Quran, dan dimeriahkan diselesaikan pada tahun 1967 dan digunakan sebagai panggung Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran (lomba pembacaan Al-Quran) di Brunei.\n\nCiri khas yang paling mengagumkan dari Masjid ini adalah kubahnya yang dilapisi emas murni. Masjid ini menjulang setinggi 52 meter (171 kaki) dan dapat dipandang dari setiap sudut kota Bandar Seri Begawan. Menara masjid merupakan bagian tertinggi dari masjid ini. Masjid ini memadukan secara unik unsur Renaissans arsitektur Italia dengan nuansa yang bernilai Islami. Di dalam menara masjid terdapat lift di mana pengunjung dapat naik ke puncak menara dan menikmati pemandangan panorama kota dari ketinggian.\n\nBagian dalam ruangan masjid khusus untuk ibadah salat bagi umat muslim. Terdapat jendela kaca patri beraneka warna yang mengagumkan, pelengkung, separuh kubah, dan pilar-pilar marmer. Hampir seluruh bahan bangunan masjid ini diimpor dari luar negeri yaitu: Marmer dari Italia, batu granit dari Shanghai China, lampu kristal dari Inggris, serta karpet dari Arab Saudi.\n\nRozan Yunos, The Brunei Times GoogleEarth view of the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque\n\nSultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Kategori:Bandar Seri Begawan Sultan Omar\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox religious building\n| name = Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin\n| native_name = مسجد السلطان عمر علي سيف الدين
Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin\n| native_name_lang = ms\n| image = Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque.jpg\n| image_upright = \n| alt = \n| caption = Pandangan luar masjid pada siang hari\n| map_type = Brunei\n| map_size = \n| map_alt = \n| map_relief = \n| map_caption = \n| coordinates = {{Coord|4.8894|114.9392|type:landmark_region:BN|display=inline,title|format=dms}}\n| coordinates_footnotes = \n| religious_affiliation = [[Islam Sunni]]\n| locale = \n| location = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Brunei Darussalam]]\n| deity = \n| rite = \n| sect = \n| tradition = \n| festival = \n| cercle = \n| sector = \n| municipality = \n| district = \n| territory = \n| prefecture = \n| state = \n| province = \n| region = \n| country = {{BRU}}\n| administration = \n| consecration_year = \n| organisational_status = \n| functional_status = \n| heritage_designation = \n| ownership =\n| governing_body = \n| leadership = \n| bhattaraka = \n| patron = \n| religious_features_label = \n| religious_features = \n| architect = \n| architecture_type = [[Masjid]]\n| architecture_style = [[Arsitektur Islam]]\n| founded_by = \n| creator = \n| funded_by = \n| general_contractor = \n| established = 1958\n| groundbreaking = 4 Februari 1954\n| year_completed = 26 September 1958\n| construction_cost = 7,7 hingga 9.2 juta dolar AS\n| date_demolished = \n| facade_direction = \n| capacity = \n| length = \n| width = \n| width_nave = \n| interior_area = \n| height_max = \n| dome_quantity = 1 kubah besar dengan banya kibah kecil di sekitarnya.\n| dome_height_outer = \n| dome_height_inner = \n| dome_dia_outer = \n| dome_dia_inner = \n| minaret_quantity = 1\n| minaret_height = 52 m (171 ft)\n| spire_quantity = \n| spire_height = \n| site_area = \n| temple_quantity = \n| monument_quantity = \n| shrine_quantity = \n| inscriptions = \n| materials = \n| elevation_m = \n| elevation_footnotes = \n| nrhp = \n| designated = \n| added = \n| refnum = \n| footnotes = \n| website = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin adalah masjid kerajaan Kesultanan Brunei yang terletak di Bandar Seri Begawan, ibu kota Brunei Darussalam.","translated_text":"Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque is a royal mosque of the Sultanate of Brunei located in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei Darussalam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masjid ini adalah salah satu masjid paling mengagumkan di Asia Pasifik, serta menjadi markah tanah dan daya tarik wisata utama di Brunei.","translated_text":"It is one of the most impressive mosques in Asia Pacific, as well as being a landmark and a major tourist attraction in Brunei.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengenalan","translated_text":"The introduction","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Masjid ini dinamai berdasarkan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Sultan Brunei ke-28.","translated_text":"The mosque is named after Omar Ali Saifuddien III, the 28th Sultan of Brunei.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masjid yang mendominasi pemandangan kota Bandar Seri Begawan ini melambangkan kemegahan dan kejayaan Islam yang menjadi agama mayoritas dan agama resmi Brunei Darussalam.","translated_text":"This mosque dominates the city of Bandar Seri Begawan and symbolizes the glory and glory of Islam as the majority religion and the official religion of Brunei Darussalam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bangunan ini rampung pada tahun 1958 dan merupakan contoh Arsitektur Islam modern.","translated_text":"The building was completed in 1958 and is an example of modern Islamic architecture.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Arsitektur","translated_text":"The architecture","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Arsitektur masjid ini memadukan Arsitektur Mughal dengan gaya Italia.","translated_text":"The architecture of this mosque blends Mughal architecture with Italian style.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bangunan ini dirancang oleh biro arsitekur Booty and Edwards Chartered berdasarkan rancangan karya arsitek berkebangsaan Italia Cavaliere Rudolfo Nolli, yang telah lama bekerja di teluk Siam.","translated_text":"The building was designed by the architectural bureau Booty and Edwards Chartered based on a design by the Italian-born architect Cavaliere Rudolfo Nolli, who had long worked in Siam Bay.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Masjid ini dibangun diatas laguna atau kolam buatan di tepi sungai Brunei di Kampong Ayer, \"kampung yang terletak di atas air\".","translated_text":"The mosque is built on a lagoon or artificial pond on the banks of the Brunei River in Kampong Ayer, \"a village situated above water\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masjid ini memiliki menara marmer dengan kubah emas, dilengkapi taman yang permai dan air mancur.","translated_text":"The mosque has a marble tower with a golden dome, equipped with a walled garden and fountains.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Taman indah yang mengelilingi masjid melambangkan taman surgawi dalam kepercayaan Islam.","translated_text":"The beautiful garden surrounding the mosque symbolizes the paradise garden in the Islamic faith.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah jembatan membentang di tengah laguna menuju Kampong Ayer di tengah sungai.","translated_text":"A bridge spans the middle of the lagoon to the village of Ayer in the middle of the river.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah jembatan marmer lainnya menuju ke bangunan yang merupakan replika Perahu Mahligai Kerajaan milik Sultan Bolkiah yang memerintah pada abad ke-16.","translated_text":"Another marble bridge leads to the building which is a replica of the Royal Mahligai Boat belonging to Sultan Bolkiah who ruled in the 16th century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bangunan ini dibangun untuk memperingati 1.400 tahun Nuzul Al-Quran, dan dimeriahkan diselesaikan pada tahun 1967 dan digunakan sebagai panggung Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran (lomba pembacaan Al-Quran) di Brunei.","translated_text":"The building was built to commemorate the 1,400th anniversary of the Quran Nuzul, and was officially completed in 1967 and was used as the stage for the Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran in Brunei.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ciri khas yang paling mengagumkan dari Masjid ini adalah kubahnya yang dilapisi emas murni.","translated_text":"The most striking feature of this mosque is its dome, which is covered with pure gold.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masjid ini menjulang setinggi 52 meter (171 kaki) dan dapat dipandang dari setiap sudut kota Bandar Seri Begawan.","translated_text":"The mosque rises to a height of 52 meters (171 feet) and can be seen from every corner of Bandar Seri Begawan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menara masjid merupakan bagian tertinggi dari masjid ini.","translated_text":"The tower of the mosque is the highest part of this mosque.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masjid ini memadukan secara unik unsur Renaissans arsitektur Italia dengan nuansa yang bernilai Islami.","translated_text":"The mosque uniquely combines elements of Italian Renaissance architecture with Islamic-valued nuances.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam menara masjid terdapat lift di mana pengunjung dapat naik ke puncak menara dan menikmati pemandangan panorama kota dari ketinggian.","translated_text":"Inside the tower of the mosque there is an elevator where visitors can climb to the top of the tower and enjoy panoramic views of the city from the height.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagian dalam ruangan masjid khusus untuk ibadah salat bagi umat muslim.","translated_text":"The interior of the mosque is dedicated to the prayers of Muslims.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat jendela kaca patri beraneka warna yang mengagumkan, pelengkung, separuh kubah, dan pilar-pilar marmer.","translated_text":"There are stunning stained glass windows, curves, half- domes, and marble columns.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hampir seluruh bahan bangunan masjid ini diimpor dari luar negeri yaitu: Marmer dari Italia, batu granit dari Shanghai China, lampu kristal dari Inggris, serta karpet dari Arab Saudi.","translated_text":"Almost all the building materials of this mosque were imported from abroad: Marble from Italy, granite from Shanghai China, crystal lamps from England, and carpets from Saudi Arabia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rozan Yunos, The Brunei Times GoogleEarth view of the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque","translated_text":"Rozan Yunos, The Brunei Times GoogleEarth view of the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016104726/http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BX/SaifuddinMosque.html |date=2006-10-16 }}","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061016104726/http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BX/SaifuddinMosque.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.144641-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Kategori:Bandar Seri Begawan Sultan Omar","translated_text":"Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Category:Bandar Seri Begawan with Sultan Omar","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Rozan Yunos, The Brunei Times GoogleEarth view of the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque","translated_text":"Rozan Yunos, The Brunei Times GoogleEarth view of the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016104726/http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BX/SaifuddinMosque.html |date=2006-10-16 }}","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061016104726/http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BX/SaifuddinMosque.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.144641-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Salatiga, Sambas","wikicode":"{{kegunaanlain|Salatiga}}\n{{kecamatan|nama=Salatiga\n|dati2=Kabupaten\n|nama dati2=Sambas\n|luas=82,75 Km2;\n|penduduk=-\n|desa=5\n|nama camat=H. Aspian, S.H., M.H.\n|kepadatan=- jiwa/km²\n|provinsi=Kalimantan Barat\n}}\n\n'''Salatiga''' merupakan salah satu dari 19 [[kecamatan]] yang ada di wilayah [[Kabupaten Sambas]]. Salatiga adalah [[kecamatan]] kesembilan di [[Kabupaten Sambas]] yang dibentuk melalui [[Peraturan Daerah]] (Perda). Salatiga merupakan pemekaran dari [[Pemangkat, Sambas|Kecamatan Pemangkat]].\n\n== Pembentukan ==\nKecamatan Salatiga dibentuk berdasarkan [[Peraturan Daerah]] [[Kabupaten Sambas]] Nomor 5 Tahun [[2007]] tentang Pembentukan Kecamatan Salatiga dan [[Selakau Timur, Sambas|Kecamatan Selakau Timur]] tertanggal [[13 Juli]] [[2007]]. Namun, Kecamatan Salatiga dibentuk secara resmi pada [[12 Desember]] [[2007]].\n\n== Batas Wilayah ==\nBedasarkan Pasal 7 ayat (1) Perda [[Kabupaten Sambas]] Nomor 5 Tahun [[2007]], Kecamatan Salatiga memiliki batas-batas wilayah sebagai berikut:\n{|class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Arah Mata Angin !! Berbatasan dengan\n|-\n|utara || [[Pemangkat, Sambas|Kecamatan Pemangkat]] dan [[Semparuk, Sambas|Kecamatan Semparuk]]\n|-\n|selatan || [[Selakau, Sambas|Kecamatan Selakau]]\n|-\n|barat ||laut Natuna\n|-\n|timur || [[Semparuk, Sambas|Kecamatan Semparuk]] dan [[Tebas, Sambas|Kecamatan Tebas]]\n|}\n\n== Wilayah Administrasi ==\nBedasarkan Pasal 3 Perda [[Kabupaten Sambas]] Nomor 5 Tahun [[2007]], Kecamatan Salatiga memiliki luas 82,75 Km2, yang terdiri atas 5 (lima) [[desa]] sebagai berikut:\n{|class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Nama Desa !! Luas (Km2)\n|-\n| [[Parit Baru, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Parit Baru]] || 25,00\n|-\n| [[Sungai Toman, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Sungai Toman]] || 12,00\n|-\n| [[Serumpun, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Serumpun]] || 8,50\n|-\n| [[Serunai, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Serunai]] || 8,25\n|-\n| [[Salatiga, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Salatiga]] || 29,00\n|}\n\n== Pusat Pemerintahan ==\nBedasarkan Pasal 8 Perda [[Kabupaten Sambas]] Nomor 5 Tahun [[2007]], pusat pemerintahan Kecamatan Salatiga berkedudukan di [[Salatiga, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Salatiga]].\n\n== Peta ==\n\n\n[[Berkas:http://sambas.go.id/images/files/Kec.Salatiga.jpg|Kecamatan{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }} Salatiga, Sambas.]]\n\n\n== Camat ==\nSejak tahun berdirinya ([[2007]]), [[Camat]] Salatiga yaitu:\n# A. Rahmat, S.I.P., M.Si.\n#H. Budi Wijaya\n#Tajudin, BA\n#Drs. H. Efendi\n#H. Aspian, S.H., M.H.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\nhttp://sambas.go.id/images/files/Kec.Salatiga.jpg {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704092647/http://sambas.go.id/images/files/Kec.Salatiga.jpg |date=2017-07-04 }}
\nhttp://database.kalbarprov.go.id/_wilayah/wilayah_kab.php?61.01 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621121746/http://database.kalbarprov.go.id/_wilayah/wilayah_kab.php?61.01 |date=2012-06-21 }}
\nhttp://sambas.go.id/component/content/article/151/1826-kumpulan-perda-tahun-2007.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112073709/http://www.sambas.go.id/component/content/article/151/1826-kumpulan-perda-tahun-2007.html |date=2010-11-12 }}
\nhttp://humassambas.com/kecamatan/salatiga/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723111416/http://humassambas.com/kecamatan/salatiga/ |date=2011-07-23 }}\n\n{{Salatiga, Sambas}}\n{{Kabupaten Sambas}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n\n{{kecamatan-stub}}","hash":"f607415cf9a174858aaf5196258cacde119c8d4e28fad9b4b1fa34ded9670a21","last_revision":"2023-02-14T22:09:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T18:23:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.152699","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Salatiga, Sambas","bjn":"Salatiga, Sambas","en":"Salatiga District","ms":"Salatiga, Sambas","zh":"沙拉帝加 (三發縣)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Salatiga merupakan salah satu dari 19 kecamatan yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Sambas. Salatiga adalah kecamatan kesembilan di Kabupaten Sambas yang dibentuk melalui Peraturan Daerah (Perda). Salatiga merupakan pemekaran dari Kecamatan Pemangkat.\n\nKecamatan Salatiga dibentuk berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kecamatan Salatiga dan Kecamatan Selakau Timur tertanggal 13 Juli 2007. Namun, Kecamatan Salatiga dibentuk secara resmi pada 12 Desember 2007.\n\nBedasarkan Pasal 7 ayat (1) Perda Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007, Kecamatan Salatiga memiliki batas-batas wilayah sebagai berikut:\n\nBedasarkan Pasal 3 Perda Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007, Kecamatan Salatiga memiliki luas 82,75 Km2, yang terdiri atas 5 (lima) desa sebagai berikut:\n\nBedasarkan Pasal 8 Perda Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007, pusat pemerintahan Kecamatan Salatiga berkedudukan di Desa Salatiga.\n\nSejak tahun berdirinya (2007), Camat Salatiga yaitu: A. Rahmat, S.I.P., M.Si. H. Budi Wijaya Tajudin, BA Drs. H. Efendi H. Aspian, S.H., M.H.\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salatiga merupakan salah satu dari 19 kecamatan yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Sambas.","translated_text":"Salatiga is one of the 19 districts of Sambas County.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salatiga adalah kecamatan kesembilan di Kabupaten Sambas yang dibentuk melalui Peraturan Daerah (Perda).","translated_text":"Salatiga is the ninth prefecture in Sambas County formed through the Regional Regulations (Perda).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salatiga merupakan pemekaran dari Kecamatan Pemangkat.","translated_text":"The three are a development of the Removal District.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembentukan","translated_text":"Formation","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kecamatan Salatiga dibentuk berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan Kecamatan Salatiga dan Kecamatan Selakau Timur tertanggal 13 Juli 2007.","translated_text":"The Salatiga District was formed under the Sambas County Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2007 on the Establishment of Salatiga District and East Selakau District dated July 13, 2007.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, Kecamatan Salatiga dibentuk secara resmi pada 12 Desember 2007.","translated_text":"However, Salatiga Prefecture was officially formed on December 12, 2007.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Batas Wilayah","translated_text":"Territorial boundaries","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bedasarkan Pasal 7 ayat (1) Perda Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007, Kecamatan Salatiga memiliki batas-batas wilayah sebagai berikut:","translated_text":"Pursuant to Article 7 (1) of the Sambas County Ordinance No. 5 of 2007, Salatiga District has the following territorial boundaries:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Arah Mata Angin !! Berbatasan dengan\n|-\n|utara || [[Pemangkat, Sambas|Kecamatan Pemangkat]] dan [[Semparuk, Sambas|Kecamatan Semparuk]]\n|-\n|selatan || [[Selakau, Sambas|Kecamatan Selakau]]\n|-\n|barat ||laut Natuna\n|-\n|timur || [[Semparuk, Sambas|Kecamatan Semparuk]] dan [[Tebas, Sambas|Kecamatan Tebas]]\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Wilayah Administrasi","translated_text":"Administrative area","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bedasarkan Pasal 3 Perda Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007, Kecamatan Salatiga memiliki luas 82,75 Km2, yang terdiri atas 5 (lima) desa sebagai berikut:","translated_text":"Based on Article 3 of Sambas County Ordinance No. 5 of 2007, Salatiga District has an area of 82.75 Km2, consisting of 5 (five) villages as follows:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Nama Desa !! Luas (Km2)\n|-\n| [[Parit Baru, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Parit Baru]] || 25,00\n|-\n| [[Sungai Toman, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Sungai Toman]] || 12,00\n|-\n| [[Serumpun, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Serumpun]] || 8,50\n|-\n| [[Serunai, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Serunai]] || 8,25\n|-\n| [[Salatiga, Salatiga, Sambas|Desa Salatiga]] || 29,00\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Pusat Pemerintahan","translated_text":"Centre of Government","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bedasarkan Pasal 8 Perda Kabupaten Sambas Nomor 5 Tahun 2007, pusat pemerintahan Kecamatan Salatiga berkedudukan di Desa Salatiga.","translated_text":"Based on Article 8 of Sambas County Ordinance No. 5 of 2007, the seat of government of Salatiga District is Salatiga Village.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peta","translated_text":"The map","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Camat","translated_text":"The scratch.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak tahun berdirinya (2007), Camat Salatiga yaitu: A. Rahmat, S.I.P., M.Si.","translated_text":"Since the year of its establishment (2007), Camat Salatiga is: A. Rahmat, S.I.P., M.Si.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"H. Budi Wijaya Tajudin, BA Drs. H. Efendi H. Aspian, S.H., M.H.","translated_text":"H. Budi Wijaya Tajudin, BA Drs. H. Efendi H. Aspian, S.H., M.H.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Burhanuddin A. Rasyid","wikicode":"{{Infobox officeholder\n|honorific-prefix =\n|name = {{PAGENAME}}\n|image = Burhanuddin A. Rasyid.png\n|office = Bupati Sambas\n|order = Ke-15\n|term_start = 16 Juni 2001\n|term_end = 16 Juni 2011\n|predecessor = Tarya Aryanto\n|successor = [[Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi]]\n|lieutenant = Prabasa Ananta Tur (2001–06)
[[Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi]] (2006–11)\n|birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|11|3}}\n|birth_place = [[Tebas, Sambas|Tebas]], [[Kabupaten Sambas|Sambas]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Indonesia]]\n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|11|06|1952|11|03}}\n|death_place = [[Sambas]], [[Kabupaten Sambas|Sambas]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Indonesia]]\n|party = Independen\n|spouse = Naskah Istar\n|children = Aini Fitri
Fachrurrozi
Ilma Yufida\n|alma_mater = [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]]
[[Universitas Tanjungpura]]\n|profession = [[Insinyur]] [[pertanian]]\n|religion = [[Islam]]\n}}\nIr. H. '''Burhanuddin A. Rasyid''' ({{lahirmati|[[Tebas, Sambas|Tebas]], [[Kabupaten Sambas|Sambas]]|3|11|1952|[[Sambas]]|06|11|2023}}) adalah [[Daftar Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Sambas|Bupati Sambas]] dua periode, yakni pada 2001–2006 dan 2006–2011.[{{cite book\n|editor1-last = Djohan\n|editor1-first = Djohermansyah\n|editor2-last = Syabirin\n|editor2-first = Tabrani\n|year = 2002\n|title = Pemimpin Pemerintahan Indonesia Era Otonomi: Profil Gubernur dan Bupati Jilid I\n|location = Jakarta\n|publisher = IIP Press\n|ref = \n }}] Pada periode pertama, ia menggandeng [[Prabasa Ananta Tur]] sebagai wakilnya. Pada periode kedua, ia menggandeng [[Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi]] sebagai wakilnya yang menjabat sebagai [[Daftar Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Sambas|Bupati Sambas]] periode 2011–2016. Setelah tidak lagi menjabat sebagai [[bupati]], ia menjabat sebagai Ketua [[Majelis Adat dan Budaya Melayu]] (MABM) Kabupaten Sambas hingga sekarang.[\n\n== Pemilihan Gubernur Kalbar 2012 ==\n[[Morkes Effendi]] dan Burhanudin pada tahun [[2012]] mencalonkan dirinya sebagai Cagub-Cawagub. Pada Jum'at, [[8 Juni]] [[2012]] mereka mendapat dukungan dari [[raja]]-raja dan [[sultan]]-sultan se-[[Kalimantan Barat|Kalbar]] dalam perhelatan [[Pemilihan umum Gubernur Kalimantan Barat 2012|Pemilihan Gubernur Kalimantan Barat 2012]].][[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]\n\nCagub dan cawagub ini mendapat dukungan dari [[Partai Golkar]], [[Partai Amanat Nasional|PAN]], [[PKS]], [[PBR]] dan [[PKNU]].[ [[Hatta Rajasa]] juga menyampaikan dukungannya pada cagub-cawagub ini dalam temu [[kader]] di rumah Wakil Sekretaris Jenderal Badan Pemenangan Pemilu PAN [[Muda Mahendrawan]] di [[Kota Pontianak]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], Kamis (17/5/2012).][[http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2012/05/17/hatta-rajasa-siratkan-dukungan-pasangan-morkes-burhanudin Hatta Rajasa Siratkan Dukungan Pasangan Morkes-Burhanudin] ''Tribun Pontianak''. Kamis, 7 Mei 2012. Diakses pada 11 Agustus 2012.]\n\nSementara itu, adiknya, [[Fathan A. Rasyid]] digandeng oleh [[Mohammad Armin Ali Anyang|A.A. Alianyang]] sebagai cawagub.[Mutadi Abdullah. [http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid Pendaftaran Terakhir di KPU Kalbar:Armyn Gandeng Adik Burhanuddin A Rasyid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817000913/http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid |date=2012-08-17 }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Senin, 11 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* http://sambas.go.id/profile-daerah/pimpinan-daerah/bupati.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031175030/http://www.sambas.go.id/profile-daerah/pimpinan-daerah/bupati.html |date=2010-10-31 }}\n{{kotak mulai}}\n{{s-off}}\n{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Bupati Sambas]]|tahun=2001–2011|pendahulu=Tarya Aryanto|pengganti=[[Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi]]}}\n{{kotak selesai}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Rasyid, Burhanuddin A.}}\n[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Tanjungpura]]\n[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Barat]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Sambas]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Bupati Sambas]]\n\n\n{{Indo-politikus-stub}}","hash":"709a3f684d7fbfc63333a07e052955612bb65e9715e6a0c6e2747a874808c330","last_revision":"2023-12-20T04:01:45Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T19:08:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.206826","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Ir. H. Burhanuddin A. Rasyid () adalah Bupati Sambas dua periode, yakni pada 2001–2006 dan 2006–2011. Pada periode pertama, ia menggandeng Prabasa Ananta Tur sebagai wakilnya. Pada periode kedua, ia menggandeng Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi sebagai wakilnya yang menjabat sebagai Bupati Sambas periode 2011–2016. Setelah tidak lagi menjabat sebagai bupati, ia menjabat sebagai Ketua Majelis Adat dan Budaya Melayu (MABM) Kabupaten Sambas hingga sekarang.\n\nMorkes Effendi dan Burhanudin pada tahun 2012 mencalonkan dirinya sebagai Cagub-Cawagub. Pada Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012 mereka mendapat dukungan dari raja-raja dan sultan-sultan se-Kalbar dalam perhelatan Pemilihan Gubernur Kalimantan Barat 2012.\n\nCagub dan cawagub ini mendapat dukungan dari Partai Golkar, PAN, PKS, PBR dan PKNU. Hatta Rajasa juga menyampaikan dukungannya pada cagub-cawagub ini dalam temu kader di rumah Wakil Sekretaris Jenderal Badan Pemenangan Pemilu PAN Muda Mahendrawan di Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Kamis (17/5/2012).\n\nSementara itu, adiknya, Fathan A. Rasyid digandeng oleh A.A. Alianyang sebagai cawagub.\n\nKategori:Alumni Universitas Tanjungpura Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Barat Kategori:Tokoh dari Sambas Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Bupati Sambas\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox officeholder\n|honorific-prefix =\n|name = {{PAGENAME}}\n|image = Burhanuddin A. Rasyid.png\n|office = Bupati Sambas\n|order = Ke-15\n|term_start = 16 Juni 2001\n|term_end = 16 Juni 2011\n|predecessor = Tarya Aryanto\n|successor = [[Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi]]\n|lieutenant = Prabasa Ananta Tur (2001–06)
[[Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi]] (2006–11)\n|birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|11|3}}\n|birth_place = [[Tebas, Sambas|Tebas]], [[Kabupaten Sambas|Sambas]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Indonesia]]\n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|11|06|1952|11|03}}\n|death_place = [[Sambas]], [[Kabupaten Sambas|Sambas]], [[Kalimantan Barat]], [[Indonesia]]\n|party = Independen\n|spouse = Naskah Istar\n|children = Aini Fitri
Fachrurrozi
Ilma Yufida\n|alma_mater = [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]]
[[Universitas Tanjungpura]]\n|profession = [[Insinyur]] [[pertanian]]\n|religion = [[Islam]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ir. H. Burhanuddin A. Rasyid () adalah Bupati Sambas dua periode, yakni pada 2001–2006 dan 2006–2011.","translated_text":"Ir. H. Burhanuddin A. Rasyid () was the Bupati of Sambas for two terms, namely in 2001 ⁇ 2006 and 2006 ⁇ 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book |editor1-last = Djohan |editor1-first = Djohermansyah |editor2-last = Syabirin |editor2-first = Tabrani |year = 2002 |title = Pemimpin Pemerintahan Indonesia Era Otonomi: Profil Gubernur dan Bupati Jilid I |location = Jakarta |publisher = IIP Press |ref = }}]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada periode pertama, ia menggandeng Prabasa Ananta Tur sebagai wakilnya.","translated_text":"In the first period, he doubled Prabasa Ananta Tour as his deputy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada periode kedua, ia menggandeng Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi sebagai wakilnya yang menjabat sebagai Bupati Sambas periode 2011–2016.","translated_text":"In the second period, he doubled Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi as his deputy who served as Sambas Bupati period 2011 ⁇ 2016.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tidak lagi menjabat sebagai bupati, ia menjabat sebagai Ketua Majelis Adat dan Budaya Melayu (MABM)","translated_text":"After no longer serving as a bupati, he served as the Chairman of the Malaysian Cultural and Cultural Assembly (MABM).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kabupaten Sambas hingga sekarang.","translated_text":"Sambas County until now.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":33,"name":"Suarakal.","url":"http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.213711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemilihan Gubernur Kalbar 2012","translated_text":"Election of Governor Kalbar 2012","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Morkes Effendi dan Burhanudin pada tahun 2012 mencalonkan dirinya sebagai Cagub-Cawagub.","translated_text":"Morkes Effendi and Burhanudin in 2012 nominated themselves as Cagub-Cawagub.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012 mereka mendapat dukungan dari raja-raja dan sultan-sultan se-Kalbar dalam perhelatan Pemilihan Gubernur Kalimantan Barat 2012.","translated_text":"On Friday, 8 June 2012 they gained the support of the kings and sultanates of se-Kalbar in the run-up to the 2012 West Kalimantan Governor's Election.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":151,"name":"Suarakal.","url":"http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.213711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cagub dan cawagub ini mendapat dukungan dari Partai Golkar, PAN, PKS, PBR dan PKNU.","translated_text":"The Cagub and Cawagub received support from the Golkar Party, PAN, PKS, PBR and PKNU.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":83,"name":"Suarakal.","url":"http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.213711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hatta Rajasa juga menyampaikan dukungannya pada cagub-cawagub ini dalam temu kader di rumah Wakil Sekretaris Jenderal Badan Pemenangan Pemilu PAN Muda Mahendrawan di Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Kamis (17/5/2012).","translated_text":"Hatta Rajasa also expressed his support for these cawagubs in a cadre meeting at the house of the Deputy Secretary General of the PAN Youth Election Winning Agency Mahendrawan in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Thursday (17/5/2012).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2012/05/17/hatta-rajasa-siratkan-dukungan-pasangan-morkes-burhanudin Hatta Rajasa Siratkan Dukungan Pasangan Morkes-Burhanudin] ''Tribun Pontianak''. Kamis, 7 Mei 2012. Diakses pada 11 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":218,"name":null,"url":"http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2012/05/17/hatta-rajasa-siratkan-dukungan-pasangan-morkes-burhanudin","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":182687,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.254055-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83251953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sementara itu, adiknya, Fathan A. Rasyid digandeng oleh A.A. Alianyang sebagai cawagub.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, his younger brother, Fathan A. Rasyid is dubbed by A.A. Alianyang as the protagonist.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Mutadi Abdullah. [http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid Pendaftaran Terakhir di KPU Kalbar:Armyn Gandeng Adik Burhanuddin A Rasyid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817000913/http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid |date=2012-08-17 }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Senin, 11 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":87,"name":"Suarakalgub1","url":"http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":459902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:45.059304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.20556640625},{"content":"[Mutadi Abdullah. [http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid Pendaftaran Terakhir di KPU Kalbar:Armyn Gandeng Adik Burhanuddin A Rasyid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817000913/http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid |date=2012-08-17 }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Senin, 11 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":87,"name":"Suarakalgub1","url":"http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":459902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:45.059304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.20556640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Alumni Universitas Tanjungpura Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Barat Kategori:Tokoh dari Sambas Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Bupati Sambas","translated_text":"Category:Alumni of the University of Tanjungpura Category:Alumni of the University of Gadjah Mada Category:People from West Kalimantan Category:People from Sambas Category:Indonesian politician Category:Bupati Sambas","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Ir. H. Burhanuddin A. Rasyid () adalah Bupati Sambas dua periode, yakni pada 2001–2006 dan 2006–2011.","translated_text":"Ir. H. Burhanuddin A. Rasyid () was the Bupati of Sambas for two terms, namely in 2001 ⁇ 2006 and 2006 ⁇ 2011.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book |editor1-last = Djohan |editor1-first = Djohermansyah |editor2-last = Syabirin |editor2-first = Tabrani |year = 2002 |title = Pemimpin Pemerintahan Indonesia Era Otonomi: Profil Gubernur dan Bupati Jilid I |location = Jakarta |publisher = IIP Press |ref = }}]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada periode kedua, ia menggandeng Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi sebagai wakilnya yang menjabat sebagai Bupati Sambas periode 2011–2016. Setelah tidak lagi menjabat sebagai bupati, ia menjabat sebagai Ketua Majelis Adat dan Budaya Melayu (MABM) Kabupaten Sambas hingga sekarang.","translated_text":"In the second period, he doubled Juliarti Djuhardi Alwi as his deputy who served as Sambas Bupati period 2011 ⁇ 2016. After no longer serving as a bupati, he served as the Chairman of the Malaysian Cultural and Cultural Assembly (MABM). Sambas County until now.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":271,"name":"Suarakal.","url":"http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.213711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Morkes Effendi dan Burhanudin pada tahun 2012 mencalonkan dirinya sebagai Cagub-Cawagub. Pada Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012 mereka mendapat dukungan dari raja-raja dan sultan-sultan se-Kalbar dalam perhelatan Pemilihan Gubernur Kalimantan Barat 2012.","translated_text":"Morkes Effendi and Burhanudin in 2012 nominated themselves as Cagub-Cawagub. On Friday, 8 June 2012 they gained the support of the kings and sultanates of se-Kalbar in the run-up to the 2012 West Kalimantan Governor's Election.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":240,"name":"Suarakal.","url":"http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.213711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cagub dan cawagub ini mendapat dukungan dari Partai Golkar, PAN, PKS, PBR dan PKNU.","translated_text":"The Cagub and Cawagub received support from the Golkar Party, PAN, PKS, PBR and PKNU.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html Raja se-Kalbar Restui Morkes - Burhanudin]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Jum'at, 8 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":83,"name":"Suarakal.","url":"http://suarakalbar.com/berita-861-raja-se-kalbar-restui-morkes-burhanudin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.213711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cagub dan cawagub ini mendapat dukungan dari Partai Golkar, PAN, PKS, PBR dan PKNU. Hatta Rajasa juga menyampaikan dukungannya pada cagub-cawagub ini dalam temu kader di rumah Wakil Sekretaris Jenderal Badan Pemenangan Pemilu PAN Muda Mahendrawan di Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Kamis (17/5/2012).","translated_text":"The Cagub and Cawagub received support from the Golkar Party, PAN, PKS, PBR and PKNU. Hatta Rajasa also expressed his support for these cawagubs in a cadre meeting at the house of the Deputy Secretary General of the PAN Youth Election Winning Agency Mahendrawan in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Thursday (17/5/2012).","citations":[{"content":"[[http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2012/05/17/hatta-rajasa-siratkan-dukungan-pasangan-morkes-burhanudin Hatta Rajasa Siratkan Dukungan Pasangan Morkes-Burhanudin] ''Tribun Pontianak''. Kamis, 7 Mei 2012. Diakses pada 11 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":302,"name":null,"url":"http://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2012/05/17/hatta-rajasa-siratkan-dukungan-pasangan-morkes-burhanudin","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":182687,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:44.254055-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.83251953125}]},{"text":"Sementara itu, adiknya, Fathan A. Rasyid digandeng oleh A.A. Alianyang sebagai cawagub.","translated_text":"Meanwhile, his younger brother, Fathan A. Rasyid is dubbed by A.A. Alianyang as the protagonist.","citations":[{"content":"[Mutadi Abdullah. [http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid Pendaftaran Terakhir di KPU Kalbar:Armyn Gandeng Adik Burhanuddin A Rasyid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817000913/http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid |date=2012-08-17 }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Senin, 11 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":87,"name":"Suarakalgub1","url":"http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":459902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:45.059304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.20556640625},{"content":"[Mutadi Abdullah. [http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid Pendaftaran Terakhir di KPU Kalbar:Armyn Gandeng Adik Burhanuddin A Rasyid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817000913/http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid |date=2012-08-17 }} ''Suara Kalbar.com''. Senin, 11 Juni 2012. Diakses pada 10 Agustus 2012.]","char_index":87,"name":"Suarakalgub1","url":"http://kalbar-online.com/news/pemilukada/armyn-gandeng-adik-burhanuddin-rasyid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":459902,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:45.059304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.20556640625}]}]}
+{"title":"GADD45B","wikicode":"{{infobox gene}}\n'''GADD45B''' ({{lang-en|Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible beta, GADD-45B}}) adalah berkas [[gen]]etik yang terletak pada [[kromosom 19 (manusia)|kromosom 19]] lokasi 19p13.3.[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616\n| title = GADD45B growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-28\n| work = Entrez Gene\n| archive-date = 2022-09-26\n| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220647/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616\n| dead-url = no\n}}]\n\n[[Ekspresi gen]]etik GADD45B diidentifikasi pada [[neuron]] [[hipokampus]]. Pada model [[tikus]], tanpa berkas GADD45B menyebabkan difisiensi [[proliferasi]] spesifik dari [[sel progenitor]] neuron dan pertumbuhan [[dendrit]] neuron baru. Berkas GADD45B dibutuhkan pula pada proses [[demetilasi]] [[DNA]] yang dipicu oleh [[promoter inti]] tertentu dan [[transkripsi]] [[gen]] terkait pada [[lintasan metabolisme]] [[neurogenesis]], termasuk berkas genetik [[faktor neurotrofik]] dan [[faktor pertumbuhan fibroblas]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186\n| title = Neuronal activity-induced Gadd45b promotes epigenetic DNA demethylation and adult neurogenesis\n| accessdate = 2010-10-28\n| work = Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Ma DK, Jang MH, Guo JU, Kitabatake Y, Chang ML, Pow-Anpongkul N, Flavell RA, Lu B, Ming GL, Song H.\n| archive-date = 2019-02-07\n| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130036/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186\n| dead-url = no\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gen pada kromosom 19]]\n\n\n{{gen-stub}}","hash":"6ced11686ec0cba11cb7a2e72f928b089f91af6ae9af8180384deb1db980cee9","last_revision":"2023-07-26T19:43:08Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T20:45:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.272845","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"GADD45B","arz":"GADD45B","en":"GADD45B","tt":"GADD45B","uk":"GADD45B"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"GADD45B () adalah berkas genetik yang terletak pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19p13.3.\n\nEkspresi genetik GADD45B diidentifikasi pada neuron hipokampus. Pada model tikus, tanpa berkas GADD45B menyebabkan difisiensi proliferasi spesifik dari sel progenitor neuron dan pertumbuhan dendrit neuron baru. Berkas GADD45B dibutuhkan pula pada proses demetilasi DNA yang dipicu oleh promoter inti tertentu dan transkripsi gen terkait pada lintasan metabolisme neurogenesis, termasuk berkas genetik faktor neurotrofik dan faktor pertumbuhan fibroblas.\n\nKategori:Gen pada kromosom 19\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox gene}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"GADD45B () adalah berkas genetik yang terletak pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19p13.3.","translated_text":"GADD45B () is a genetic file located on chromosome 19 at location 19p13.3.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616 | title = GADD45B growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Entrez Gene | archive-date = 2022-09-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220647/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616 | dead-url = no }}]","char_index":79,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":214019,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:46.486553-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (100 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616 | title = GADD45B growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Entrez Gene | archive-date = 2022-09-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220647/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616 | dead-url = no }}]","char_index":79,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220647/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:48.325292-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ekspresi genetik GADD45B diidentifikasi pada neuron hipokampus.","translated_text":"Genetic expression of GADD45B has been identified in hippocampal neurons.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada model tikus, tanpa berkas GADD45B menyebabkan difisiensi proliferasi spesifik dari sel progenitor neuron dan pertumbuhan dendrit neuron baru.","translated_text":"In the mouse model, the absence of the GADD45B file caused the diffusion of specific proliferation of neuron progenitor cells and the growth of new neuron dendrites.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berkas GADD45B dibutuhkan pula pada proses demetilasi DNA yang dipicu oleh promoter inti tertentu dan transkripsi gen terkait pada lintasan metabolisme neurogenesis, termasuk berkas genetik faktor neurotrofik dan faktor pertumbuhan fibroblas.","translated_text":"The GADD45B file is also needed in the DNA demethylation process triggered by certain core promoters and gene transcription associated with the metabolic pathways of neurogenesis, including the genetic file of neurotrophic factors and fibroblast growth factors.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186 | title = Neuronal activity-induced Gadd45b promotes epigenetic DNA demethylation and adult neurogenesis | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Ma DK, Jang MH, Guo JU, Kitabatake Y, Chang ML, Pow-Anpongkul N, Flavell RA, Lu B, Ming GL, Song H. | archive-date = 2019-02-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130036/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186 | dead-url = no }}]","char_index":242,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":222811,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:58.340440-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.814453125},{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186 | title = Neuronal activity-induced Gadd45b promotes epigenetic DNA demethylation and adult neurogenesis | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Ma DK, Jang MH, Guo JU, Kitabatake Y, Chang ML, Pow-Anpongkul N, Flavell RA, Lu B, Ming GL, Song H. | archive-date = 2019-02-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130036/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186 | dead-url = no }}]","char_index":242,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130036/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119186","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:58.857679-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Gen pada kromosom 19","translated_text":"Gen on chromosome 19","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"GADD45B () adalah berkas genetik yang terletak pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19p13.3.","translated_text":"GADD45B () is a genetic file located on chromosome 19 at location 19p13.3.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616 | title = GADD45B growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Entrez Gene | archive-date = 2022-09-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220926220647/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616 | dead-url = no }}]","char_index":79,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4616","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Pada model tikus, tanpa berkas GADD45B menyebabkan difisiensi proliferasi spesifik dari sel progenitor neuron dan pertumbuhan dendrit neuron baru. Berkas GADD45B dibutuhkan pula pada proses demetilasi DNA yang dipicu oleh promoter inti tertentu dan transkripsi gen terkait pada lintasan metabolisme neurogenesis, termasuk berkas genetik faktor neurotrofik dan faktor pertumbuhan fibroblas.","translated_text":"Genetic expression of GADD45B has been identified in hippocampal neurons. In the mouse model, the absence of the GADD45B file caused the diffusion of specific proliferation of neuron progenitor cells and the growth of new neuron dendrites. 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+{"title":"LHB","wikicode":"{{infobox gene}}\n'''LHB''' adalah berkas [[gen]]etik pada [[kromosom 19 (manusia)|kromosom 19]] lokasi 19q13.32 yang [[ekspresi gen|mengekspresikan]] sub-unit beta dari [[hormon pelutein|lutropin]]. Berkas LHB banyak ditemukan pada [[kelenjar]] [[hipofisis]], dan menginduksi [[spermatogenesis]] dan [[ovulasi]] dengan stimulasi [[kelenjar]] terkait guna mensintesis [[steroid]].[{{en}} {{cite web\n| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3972\n| title = LHB luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide [ Homo sapiens ]\n| accessdate = 2010-10-28\n| work = Entrez Gene\n}}]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{gen-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gen pada kromosom 19]]","hash":"6e066f5ca9987ae92c3dfbcac0bb682ac4a07f23fc386dcd134f1758dca0396e","last_revision":"2021-02-02T04:52:35Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T21:36:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.340121","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"هرمون ملوتن بيتا عديد الببتيد","arz":"هرمون ملوتن بيتا عديد الببتيد","bs":"Beta polipeptid luteinizirajućeg hormona","en":"Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide","es":"Hormona luteinizante polipéptido beta","sh":"Beta polipeptid luteinizirajućeg hormona","sr":"Beta polipeptid luteinizirajućeg hormona","tt":"LHB","uk":"LHB","zh":"黄体生成素β亚基"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"LHB adalah berkas genetik pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19q13.32 yang mengekspresikan sub-unit beta dari lutropin. Berkas LHB banyak ditemukan pada kelenjar hipofisis, dan menginduksi spermatogenesis dan ovulasi dengan stimulasi kelenjar terkait guna mensintesis steroid.\n\nKategori:Gen pada kromosom 19\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox gene}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"LHB adalah berkas genetik pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19q13.32 yang mengekspresikan sub-unit beta dari lutropin.","translated_text":"LHB is a genetic file on chromosome 19 location 19q13.32 that expresses the beta subunit of lutropin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berkas LHB banyak ditemukan pada kelenjar hipofisis, dan menginduksi spermatogenesis dan ovulasi dengan stimulasi kelenjar terkait guna mensintesis steroid.","translated_text":"The LHB file is found extensively in the pituitary gland, and induces spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the associated gland to synthesize steroids.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3972 | title = LHB luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":156,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3972","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":224816,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:59.957239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7412109375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Gen pada kromosom 19","translated_text":"Gen on chromosome 19","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"LHB adalah berkas genetik pada kromosom 19 lokasi 19q13.32 yang mengekspresikan sub-unit beta dari lutropin. Berkas LHB banyak ditemukan pada kelenjar hipofisis, dan menginduksi spermatogenesis dan ovulasi dengan stimulasi kelenjar terkait guna mensintesis steroid.","translated_text":"LHB is a genetic file on chromosome 19 location 19q13.32 that expresses the beta subunit of lutropin. The LHB file is found extensively in the pituitary gland, and induces spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the associated gland to synthesize steroids.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{cite web | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3972 | title = LHB luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide [ Homo sapiens ] | accessdate = 2010-10-28 | work = Entrez Gene }}]","char_index":265,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3972","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":224816,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:32:59.957239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7412109375}]}]}
+{"title":"Walikota Leipzig","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar Wali Kota Leipzig]]","hash":"7b4af541908e115dd77d96e169e6bbc073b41bc91ee7bd6faf1590d3fc560624","last_revision":"2011-05-27T07:55:23Z","first_revision":"2010-10-27T22:57:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.398858","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar Wali Kota Leipzig\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar Wali Kota Leipzig","translated_text":"List of mayors of Leipzig","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Naheed Nenshi","wikicode":"{{Infobox_Politician\n|name = Naheed Nenshi\n|image = Naheed Nenshi cropped.jpg\n|imagesize = 150px\n|caption = \n|order = [[Daftar wali kota Calgary, Alberta|Wali kota Calgary]] ke-36\n|term_start = [[25 Oktober]] [[2010]]\n|term_end =\n|predecessor = [[Dave Bronconnier]]\n|successor = \n|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|2|2}}\n|birth_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]][{{cite web |url=http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/election/Naheed+Nenshi/3179003/story.html |title=Naheed Nenshi |work=Calgary Herald |accessdate=2010-10-19 |archive-date=2010-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930183038/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/election/Naheed+Nenshi/3179003/story.html |dead-url=yes }}]\n|alma_mater = [[Universitas Calgary]]
[[Universitas Harvard]]\n|profession = Associate professor\n|religion = [[Islam]] ([[Ismailiyah|Syi'ah Ismailiyah]])\n|}}\n\n'''Naheed Kurban Nenshi''' ({{lahirmati||2|2|1972}}) adalah politisi asal [[Kanada]] yang terpilih menggantikan [[Dave Bronconnier]] sebagai wali kota [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNAMH2_CLfo TEDxCalgary - Naheed Nenshi - Calgary 3.0]\n\n{{CalgaryMayors}}\n\n{{lifetime|1972||}}\n\n{{Persondata \n|NAME = Nenshi, Naheed\n|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =\n|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Mayor of Calgary\n|DATE OF BIRTH = February 2, 1972\n|PLACE OF BIRTH = Toronto, Canada\n|DATE OF DEATH =\n|PLACE OF DEATH =\n}}\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Nenshi, Naheed}}\n[[Kategori:Politikus Kanada]]\n[[Kategori:Wali kota Calgary, Alberta]]\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Kanada}}","hash":"a0718293fcbd58053334710a4646cde44f1206c38f23bcf87c65f8fc1f784139","last_revision":"2022-12-02T11:07:50Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T00:09:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.454894","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"ناهيد نينشى","de":"Naheed Nenshi","en":"Naheed Nenshi","es":"Naheed Nenshi","fa":"ناهید ننشی","fr":"Naheed Nenshi","fy":"Naheed Nenshi","nl":"Naheed Nenshi","pt":"Naheed Nenshi","ru":"Ненши, Нахид"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.847401","text":"Naheed Kurban Nenshi () adalah politisi asal Kanada yang terpilih menggantikan Dave Bronconnier sebagai wali kota Calgary, Alberta.\n\nTEDxCalgary - Naheed Nenshi - Calgary 3.0\n\nKategori:Politikus Kanada Kategori:Wali kota Calgary, Alberta\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Naheed Kurban Nenshi () adalah politisi asal Kanada yang terpilih menggantikan Dave Bronconnier sebagai wali kota Calgary, Alberta.","translated_text":"Naheed Kurban Nenshi () was a Canadian politician who was elected to succeed Dave Bronconnier as mayor of Calgary, Alberta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"TEDxCalgary - Naheed Nenshi - Calgary 3.0","translated_text":"TEDxCalgary - Naheed Nenshi - Calgary 3.0","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Politikus Kanada Kategori:Wali kota Calgary, Alberta","translated_text":"Category:Canadian politician Category:Mayor of Calgary, Alberta","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Surakso Hargo","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mbah Maridjan]]","hash":"fe4c744a29710223297a0de24d7f65281bdd582e2a8ad9e137993dd07e677bf5","last_revision":"2010-10-28T00:43:38Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T00:43:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.513752","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mbah Maridjan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mbah Maridjan","translated_text":"Why Maridjan?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Suraksohargo","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mbah Maridjan]]","hash":"fe4c744a29710223297a0de24d7f65281bdd582e2a8ad9e137993dd07e677bf5","last_revision":"2010-10-28T00:43:59Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T00:43:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.582526","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mbah Maridjan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mbah Maridjan","translated_text":"Why Maridjan?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Hamengkubuwana IX]]","hash":"4bd3690938a63c683473c0a34541e006a7dd0d3bc1d6520255e5ce88e43d971b","last_revision":"2010-10-28T00:44:56Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T00:44:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.644461","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Hamengkubuwana IX\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Hamengkubuwana IX","translated_text":"The Lord of the Rings","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"KONAMI","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Konami]]","hash":"fe3de3aacae1e7125877316326604516104dcb117dbbee698e49db0482a6f0e4","last_revision":"2010-10-28T01:21:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T01:21:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.706125","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Konami\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Konami","translated_text":"By the Konami","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Bilangan nusselt","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Bilangan Nusselt]]","hash":"72ca28e77c95bf089bcc06afd9ad43dbf3197c3568ace7ed181aaed846069163","last_revision":"2010-10-28T01:29:05Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T01:29:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.764931","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Bilangan Nusselt\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Bilangan Nusselt","translated_text":"Find the Nusselt number","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Alexander Hoffman","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Alex Hofmann]]","hash":"5d2eed71b3d1352e72130aba9caae61aac213dc18730c2e2adde614d66b128c3","last_revision":"2010-10-28T03:49:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T03:44:22Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.822000","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Alex Hofmann\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Alex Hofmann","translated_text":"Alex Hofmann","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Bintang LMi","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n| listclass = hlist\n| title =Bintang di [[Leo Minor]]\n|name=Bintang LMi\n|state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}}\n|group1=Bintang yang berada di dalam rasi [[Leo Minor]]\n|list1=[[7 Leonis Minoris|7]] • [[8 Leonis Minoris|8]] • [[9 Leonis Minoris|9]] •[[10 Leonis Minoris|10]] • [[11 Leonis Minoris|11]] • [[13 Leonis Minoris|13]] • [[16 Leonis Minoris|16]] • [[17 Leonis Minoris|17]] • [[19 Leonis Minoris|19]] • [[20 Leonis Minoris|20 (Cor)]] • [[21 Leonis Minoris|21]] • [[22 Leonis Minoris|22]] • [[23 Leonis Minoris|23]] • [[24 Leonis Minoris|24]] • [[26 Leonis Minoris|26]] • [[27 Leonis Minoris|27]] • [[28 Leonis Minoris|28]] • [[29 Leonis Minoris|29]] • [[30 Leonis Minoris|30]] • [[Beta Leonis Minoris|β]] • [[32 Leonis Minoris|32]] • [[33 Leonis Minoris|33]] • [[34 Leonis Minoris|34]] • [[35 Leonis Minoris|35]] • [[36 Leonis Minoris|36]] • [[37 Leonis Minoris|37]] • [[38 Leonis Minoris|38]] • [[39 Leonis Minoris|39]] • [[40 Leonis Minoris|40]] • [[41 Leonis Minoris|41]] • [[42 Leonis Minoris|42]] • [[43 Leonis Minoris|43]] • [[44 Leonis Minoris|44]] • [[45 Leonis Minoris|45]] • [[46 Leonis Minoris|46 (Praecipua)]] • [[48 Leonis Minoris|48]] • [[50 Leonis Minoris|50]] • [[51 Leonis Minoris|51]]\n|group2=Bintang yang telah dikeluarkan dari rasi [[Leo Minor]]\n|list2=[[15 Leonis Minoris|15]] (di rasi [[Ursa Major]]) • [[52 Leonis Minoris|52]] (di rasi [[Leo]])\n|below=[[Daftar bintang di rasi bintang Leo Minor|Daftar bintang]]\n}}","hash":"bdc4e8bad45ef48bae350cf698c3af2248c918a78d4cd033f506e2969b7c3819","last_revision":"2015-09-30T22:28:35Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T04:01:54Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.876371","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Metro Amsterdam","wikicode":"{{Infobox Public transit\n | box_width = auto\n | name = Metro Amsterdam\n | image =Amsterdam_metro_logo.svg\n | imagesize = 100px\n | image2 = Metro_Amsterdam_M5_Kraaiennest_4.JPG\n | imagesize2 = 300px\n | caption = \n | locale = [[Amsterdam]], [[Amstelveen]],
[[Diemen]], [[Ouder-Amstel]]\n | transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]] dan [[lintas rel terpadu|kereta ringan]]\n | lines = 5\n | stations = 39\n | ridership =247.397 (2018)\n | began_operation = 14 Oktober 1977\n | ended_operation =\n | owner = [[Amsterdam|Kota Amsterdam]]\n | operator = [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]]\n | marks =\n | vehicles = 90 kereta\n | system_length = {{km to mi|42.7|precision=2|wiki=yes|abbr=yes}}\n | track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}}
([[sepur standar]])\n | minimum_radius_of_curvature = \n | average_speed = \n | top_speed = {{convert|70|km/h|abbr=on}}\n | map =[[File:AmsterdamMetroWashingtonStyle (from 2018).svg|250px]] \n | map_state = \n|annual_ridership=90,3 juta (2018)|el=750 V DC [[rel ketiga]]|caption2=Kereta [[Alstom Metropolis|Metropolis M5]] di stasiun [[Stasiun metro Kraaiennest|Kraaiennest]]}}\n\n'''Metro Amsterdam''' ([[bahasa Belanda]]: ''Amsterdamse metro'') adalah gabungan dari sistem [[angkutan cepat]] dan [[Lintas Rel Terpadu|lintas rel terpadu]] (LRT) di [[Amsterdam]], dan wilayah sekitarnya seperti [[Amstelveen]], [[Diemen]], dan [[Ouder-Amstel]] di [[Belanda]]. Jaringan ini dimiliki oleh pemerintah kota Amsterdam dan dioperasikan oleh [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] (GVB), perusahaan yang juga mengoperasikan [[Trem di Amsterdam|trem]], feri, dan bus lokal.\n\nJaringan metro ini terdiri dari lima jalur dan melayani 39 stasiun, dengan total panjang jaringan 42,7 kilometer. Tiga jalur dimulai dari [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Amsterdam Centraal]]: [[Jalur 53 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 53]] dan [[Jalur 54 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 54]] menghubungkan pusat kota Amsterdam dengan kota pinggiran [[Diemen]], [[Duivendrecht]], dan [[Amsterdam-Zuidoost]] (wilayah tenggara kota), sedangkan [[Jalur 51 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 51]] berjalan ke selatan, kemudian mengikuti jalur lingkar (''Ringlijn'') yang menghubungkan Amsterdam wilayah selatan dan barat. [[Jalur 50 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 50]] menghubungkan Zuidoost ke wilayah [[Amsterdam-West]] menggunakan jalur lingkar, yang berbagi dengan Jalur 51. Jalur ini adalah satu-satunya rute yang tidak melintasi pusat kota. Jalur kelima, [[Jalur 52 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 52]] mulai beroperasi pada 21 Juli 2018, dan membentang dari kawasan [[Amsterdam-Noord]] (''utara'') ke [[Amsterdam-Zuid]] (''selatan'') melalui Amsterdam Centraal. Berbeda dengan jalur lainnya, Jalur 52 sebagian besar melewati terowongan bor dan tidak berbagi jalur dengan rute lain.\n\n== Konstruksi ==\n=== Sejarah ===\n[[Berkas:Nieuwmarkt Metro Station Inside.JPG|jmpl|kiri|Dekorasi dinding untuk mengenang penggusuran pemukiman Nieuwmarkt dan perlawanan warganya]]Amsterdam memutuskan untuk membangun sebuah jaringan metro tahun 1968. Empat jalur dibangun, menghubungkan seluruh kota dan menggantikan banyak jalur trem yang sudah ada.\n\nTahun 1970, konstruksi jalur timur dimulai dan masuk dalam operasi tahun 1977. Jalur timur terdiri dari dua cabang, jalur 53 dan 54, untuk menghubungkan pusat kota dengan pengembangan perumahan di tenggara. Dalam pembangunan, rencana untuk menghancurkan seluruh pemukiman Yahudi di dekat [[Nieuwmarkt]] menimbulkan protes keras. Metro tetap dibangun (dekorasi dinding di Stasiun Nieuwmarkt dipasang untuk mengenang protes warganya), tetapi rencana untuk membangun jalan bebas hambatan melewati pemukiman di pusat kota dibatalkan. Jalur ini diselesaikan oleh pemerintah nasional.\n\nPada tahun 1990, jalur 51 dibuka, sebagian berbagi jalur dengan jalur metro sebelumnya, dengan jalur baru dan perpanjangan melalui jalur trem 5 menuju Amstelveen. Jalur ini disebut ''sneltram'' (trem cepat), dan dibangun dengan standar [[Lintas Rel Terpadu|kereta ringan]] (''light rail''). Perubahan antara rel ketiga dan listrik aliran atas dilakukan di Zuid.\n\nPada tahun 1997, jalur lingkar (50) ditambahkan ke dalam jaringan, menyediakan koneksi cepat antara barat dan selatan, menghilangkan kebutuhan perjalanan melewati pusat kota.\n\n=== Perencanaan ===\n\n[[Berkas:NZlijn333.JPG|jmpl|Konstruksi jalur 52 di Amsterdam-Noord, 2000.|kiri]]Tahun 2002, konstruksi jalur utara/selatan (jalur 52) dimulai, yang direncanakan selesai pada Juli 2012. Karena beberapa keterlambatan dan kesalahan dengan perusahaan konstruksi, konstruksi jalur menjadi terlambat dan diperkirakan selesai tahun 2017.\n\nTahun 2009, komite investigasi khusus dewan kota menyimpulkan bahwa pemerintah kota Amsterdam ''\"seharusnya tidak pernah menyetujui\"'' proyek ini. Penggalian dan pembangunan bagian bawah tanah menyebabkan kerusakan bangunan bersejarah dan meningkatkan defisit anggaran kota. Awalnya proyek ini dianggarkan €1,4 miliar dan harus selesai tahun 2009. Perkiraan baru menyebutkan biaya yang dibutuhkan €3 miliar dan jalur ini tidak akan dibuka hingga tahun 2017.[[http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2438439.ece/Metro-committee_slams_Amsterdam_city_government \"Metro-committee slams Amsterdam city government\"]]\n\nJalur metro baru ini direncanakan akan melewati daerah utara Amsterdam, melewati bawah tanah Teluk IJ. Dari sana kereta akan bergerak melewati Stasiun Centraal menuju Stasiun Zuid, yang direncanakan menggantikan Amsterdam Centraal sebagai pusat transportasi kota.[{{cite web| url=http://www.humanhub.nl/Zuidas_Visie.pdf| title=Zuidas Visie| format=PDF}}] Proyek ini awalnya memakan biaya €1,46 miliar, tetapi setelah beberapa penyesuaian, anggaran membengkak menjadi €3,1 miliar (kurs harga 2009), yang akan membuat jalur ini menjadi jalur metro paling mahal di seluruh dunia. Program ini mengalami banyak kesulitan, terutama di Stasiun Centraal, menghasilkan pembengkakan anggaran hingga 40%. Rencana awal pembukaan pada tahun 2011 telah diubah beberapa kali, sehingga batas waktu yang terbaru saat ini menjadi kontrak bagi semua pihak, yang membuat perusahaan konstruksi akan menerima denda untuk setiap penguluran waktu berikutnya.[Press announcement [http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 Financiële prognose Noord/Zuidlijn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728040153/http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 |date=2018-07-28 }} (in Dutch)][{{Cite web |url=http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/ |title=Amsterdam Government Website About the Noord/Zuid Lijn |access-date=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2011-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202125303/http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/ |dead-url=yes }}]\n[[Berkas:NoordZuidLijn Metrostation Europaplein hnapel 005.jpg|jmpl|Stasiun Europaplein di Jalur 52]]\nJalur trem menuju [[IJburg]] di bagian timur sebenarnya direncanakan sebagai jalur metro, dengan terowongan pendek dibangun di bagian barat dari Stasiun Centraal melewati bagian bawah rel untuk melewat jalur. Pada jalur ini sekarang dibangun dalam seluruh jalur trem, terowongan telah ditinggalkan dan direncanakan digunakan sebagai museum coklat. Rencana tetap berjalan untuk mengubah trem menuju IJburg untuk ditingkatkan menjadi metro dan menghubungkan kota tetangga [[Almere]], dimana sebuah pemukiman besar sedang dibangun.[{{cite web| url=http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/nederland/nieuwsbericht/asp/artnr/104021/| title=Elsevier}}]\n\nJalur 52 kemungkinan akan diperpanjang hingga [[Bandar Udara Internasional Schiphol|Bandar Udara Amsterdam Schiphol]] di masa depan.[{{Cite web|title=archive.ph|url=http://en.gvb.nl/reisinformatie/plattegronden/Pages/Metrostations-kaart.aspx|website=archive.ph|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2014-04-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140427131217/http://en.gvb.nl/reisinformatie/plattegronden/Pages/Metrostations-kaart.aspx|dead-url=unfit}}] sejak Jalur 52 di Jalur Utara-Selatan yang baru telah dibuka, enam stasiun dan rute tambahan sepanjang 9,5 kilometer telah ditambahkan ke dalam jaringan metro,[{{Cite web|date=2014-08-08|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808073315/http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf|dead-url=unfit}}] menghasilkan jaringan gabungan baru sepanjang 52 kilometer.[{{Cite web|date=2014-08-08|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808073315/http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf|dead-url=unfit}}] Pada tahun 2019, trem cepat (''sneltram'') Jalur 51 tidak lagi beroperasi dalam jaringan metro. Bagian selatan ''sneltram'' ditutup untuk proses konversi, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam jaringan trem.\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n!Warna\n!Jalur\n!Tanda\n!Nomor jalur\n!Nama jalur\n!Terminus\n!Dibuka\n!Panjang\n!Stasiun\n!Penumpang (2019)\n!Jenis\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#00CC66;\" |Hijau\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 50.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba50.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 50 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 50]]\n|''Ringlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Isolatorweg|Isolatorweg]] – [[Stasiun metro Gein|Gein]]\n|1997\n|20,1 km\n|20\n|100.200\n| rowspan=\"5\" |[[Angkutan cepat|Metro]]\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#FF9933;\" |Oranye\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 51.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba51.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 51 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 51]]\n|''Ringlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Isolatorweg|Isolatorweg]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Stasiun Centraal]]\n|1990\n|19,5 km\n|19\n|60.800\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#3399FF;\" |Biru\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 52.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba52.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 52 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 52]]\n|''Noord/Zuidlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Noord|Noord]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Zuid|Zuid]]\n|2018\n|9,5 km\n|8\n|84.000[{{Cite web|title=Meer mensen met metro dan met tram door Noord/Zuidlijn|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/09/26/twee-maanden-noordzuidlijn-a1810716|website=NRC|language=nl|access-date=2022-10-19}}]\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#FF3333;\" |Merah\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 53.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba53.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 53 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 53]]\n|''Gaasperplaslijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Gaasperplas|Gaasperplas]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Stasiun Centraal]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1977\n|11,3 km\n|14\n|60.600\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#FFFF50;\" |Kuning\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 54.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba54.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 54 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 54]]\n|''Geinlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Gein|Gein]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Stasiun Centraal]]\n|12,1 km\n|15\n|73.500\n|}\n\n== Armada ==\nPada Januari 2016, terdapat 90 set [[kereta rel listrik]] (EMU) yang beroperasi dalam sistem Metro Amsterdam.[{{Cite web|url=http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|title=Salinan arsip|archive-date=2015-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109172116/http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx|dead-url=yes}}] Semua menggunakan [[sepur standar]] dan beroperasi dengan [[Elektrifikasi perkeretaapian|sistem elektrifikasi]] [[rel ketiga]] 750 V DC.\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kereta\n! Jenis\n!Pabrikan\n!Beroperasi\n! Deskripsi[{{cite web|title=Rolling stock|url=http://www.gvb.nl/english/aboutgvb/facts-and-figures/Pages/rolling-stock.aspx|publisher=[[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201085355/http://www.gvb.nl/english/aboutgvb/facts-and-figures/Pages/rolling-stock.aspx|archive-date=2008-12-01|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2008-12-14}}]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdamse Metro LHB M2 stel 22.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri M1, M2, dan M3'''
Unit metro untuk Jalur 50, 53, dan 54\n|[[Linke-Hofmann-Busch|LHB]]\n|1977–2015\n|Panjang: 37,5 m
Lebar: 3,0 m
Berat (Penuh): 54,0 ton (75,0 ton)
Kecepatan maksimum: 70 km/jam
Tenaga: 4 x 195 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 750 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro S1–S2, 2022.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri S1 dan S2'''
Unit metro/trem hibrida untuk Jalur 51\n|[[La Brugeoise et Nivelles|BN]]\n|1990–2024\n|Panjang: 30,6 m
Lebar: 2,65 m
Berat (Penuh): 48,5 ton (72,0 ton)
Kecepatan maksimum: 70 km/jam
Tenaga: 6 x 77 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 600/750 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro S3–M4, 2022.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri S3 dan M4'''
Unit metro ringan untuk Jalur 50 dan 51, terkadang Jalur 53\n|[[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]\n|1997–sekarang\n|Panjang: 30,9 m
Lebar: 2,7 m
Berat (Penuh): 48,0 ton (72,0 ton)
Kecepatan maksimum: 70 km/jam
Tenaga: 6 x 70 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 750 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro M5, 2022.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''[[Alstom Metropolis|Seri M5]]'''
Unit metro untuk Jalur 50, 52, 53, dan 54\n|[[Alstom|Alstom Konstal]]\n|2013–sekarang\n|Panjang: 116,2 m
Lebar: 3,0 m
Berat: 190 ton
Kecepatan maksimum: 90 km/jam
Tenaga: 16 x 300 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 50 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro M7 at Heemstedestraat, 2024.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri M7'''
Unit metro untuk Jalur 50, 53, dan 54\n|[[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]\n|2023–sekarang\n|Panjang: 59,6 m
Lebar: 3,0 m
Berat: 95 ton
Kecepatan maksimum: 80 km/jam
Tenaga listrik DC: 50 volt\n|}\n\n== Sistem tiket ==\n{{Main article|OV-chipkaart}}\n[[Berkas:Metro station De Pijp Amsterdam 2018 6.jpg|jmpl|Pintu masuk stasiun metro dengan mesin pembaca tiket elektronik]]\nDahulu, semua jalur metro di Belanda menggunakan ''strippenkaart'' (kartu sistem tarif nasional) sebagai tiket. ''Strippenkaart'' akan distempel di mesin tiket dan juga berlaku untuk bentuk transportasi publik lain yang menggunakan ''strippenkaart'' seperti bus, trem, ferri, dan beberapa kereta api.\n\nTahun 2006, jaringan metro mulai memperkenalkan pengganti ''strippenkaart''; sebuah [[kartu pintar]] yang disebut ''[[OV-chipkaart]]''. Gerbang tiket baru dipasang di semua pintu masuk stasiun, dan mesin ''check-in/check-out'' khusus jika stasiun berbagi dengan jalur kereta api dan trem.\n\n''OV-chipkaart'' menggantikan sistem ''strippenkaart'' pada 27 Agustus 2009, dan sekarang menjadi satu-satunya bentuk tiket yang berlaku dalam sistem metro.[{{cite web |title=GVB OV Chipkaart actiesite |url=http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html |publisher=[[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] |accessdate=31 July 2009 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110012045/http://www.gvb.nl/documents/actiesite/index.html |dead-url=yes }}]\n\n== Desain grafis ==\nPapan penanda Amsterdam Metro menggunakan [[rupa huruf]] M.O.L., yang didesain khusus oleh [[Gerard Unger]] tahun 1974. Spasi antar huruf lebih besar daripada normal, dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengguna membaca huruf saat menyala. Nama M.O.L. diambil dari [[bahasa Belanda]] yang berarti \"[[tikus tanah]]\" dalam bahasa Indonesia. ada rencana untuk menggunakan tikus tanah sebagai maskot metro, tetapi hal ini ditolak otoritas kota.[{{cite web\n | last = Unger\n | first = Gerard\n | authorlink = Gerard Unger\n | title = M.O.L. (1974)\n | url = http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html\n | accessdate = 2008-12-14\n | archive-date = 2008-12-10\n | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html\n | dead-url = yes\n }}] Desain lainnya adalah versi 1991 yang dapat ditemukan di Jalur Amstelveen, versi 1995 ditemukan terutama pada Jalur Lingkar dan versi 2009 yang telah menggantikan versi sebelumnya di banyak stasiun. Pada tahun 2016, Amsterdam meluncurkan desain baru pada papan penanda dan logo dalam rangka untuk menyelaraskan semua elemen papan penanda dan papan ''wayfinding'' di semua jalur metro, pada waktunya untuk renovasi Jalur Timur dan pembukaan Jalur Utara-Selatan.[{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|title=Deze domeinnaam is geregistreerd door een klant van Yourhosting.nl|url=https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|dead-url=yes}}]\nBerkas:UngerM.O.L.JPG|Papan stasiun dengan [[rupa huruf]] M.O.L tahun 1974\nBerkas:Isolatorweg1.jpg|Papan stasiun dengan desain tahun 1995\nBerkas:Station Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA sign, Amsterdam-Zuidoost (2021) 01.jpg|Papan stasiun dengan desain tahun 2016\n\n\n== Galeri ==\n\nBerkas:BijlmerArena1.jpg|Stasiun Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA\nBerkas:Metrotrein op de Noord-Zuidlijn in Station Noord.jpg|Stasiun Noord\nBerkas:Metro train M5 type De Pijp Amsterdam 2018 1.jpg|Stasiun De Pijp\nBerkas:GVB metro M5, 109.jpg|Kereta menuju stasiun Kraaiennest\n\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Angkutan cepat]]\n* [[Trem di Amsterdam|Tram Amsterdam]]\n* [[Rotterdam Metro|Metro Rotterdam]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commons|Metro, Amsterdam|Amsterdam Metro}}\n* [http://www.gvb.nl/english/travellers/maps/Pages/Metromap.aspx Peta Metro] di situs resmi [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]]\n* [http://www.gvb.nl/ Situs resmi] (Bahasa Inggris dan Belanda)\n{{Angkutan cepat di Eropa}}\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Holland Utara]]\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Amsterdam]]\n[[Kategori:Amstelveen]]\n[[Kategori:Diemen]]\n[[Kategori:Ouder-Amstel]]\n[[Kategori:Transportasi rel di Amsterdam]]\n[[Kategori:Transportasi rel di Belanda]]\n[[Kategori:Metro Amsterdam]]\n[[Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Belanda]]","hash":"40423037819216f29ff48c0569655d85c67cfb10d3121858e04611657a81e1bb","last_revision":"2024-04-15T04:55:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T05:04:31Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.933715","cross_lingual_links":{"az":"Amsterdam metropoliteni","be":"Амстэрдамскі метрапалітэн","be-x-old":"Амстэрдамскі мэтрапалітэн","bg":"Амстердамски метрополитен","bn":"আমস্টার্ডাম মেট্রো","ca":"Metro d'Amsterdam","cs":"Metro v Amsterdamu","da":"Amsterdam Metro","de":"Metro Amsterdam","en":"Amsterdam Metro","eo":"Metroo de Amsterdamo","es":"Metro de Ámsterdam","eu":"Amsterdamgo metroa","fa":"متروی آمستردام","fi":"Amsterdamin metro","fr":"Métro d'Amsterdam","he":"הרכבת התחתית של אמסטרדם","hu":"Amszterdami metró","it":"Metropolitana di Amsterdam","ja":"メトロ (アムステルダム)","ka":"ამსტერდამის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"암스테르담 메트로","ku":"Metroya Amsterdamê","lv":"Amsterdamas metro","mk":"Амстердамско метро","nl":"Amsterdamse metro","pl":"Metro w Amsterdamie","pt":"Metro de Amesterdão","ro":"Metroul din Amsterdam","ru":"Амстердамский метрополитен","sk":"Amsterdamské metro","sv":"Amsterdams tunnelbana","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินอัมสเตอร์ดัม","tr":"Amsterdam Metrosu","uk":"Амстердамський метрополітен","uz":"Amsterdam metropoliteni","vi":"Tàu điện ngầm Amsterdam","wuu":"阿姆斯特丹地铁","zh":"阿姆斯特丹地铁"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Metro Amsterdam (bahasa Belanda: Amsterdamse metro) adalah gabungan dari sistem angkutan cepat dan lintas rel terpadu (LRT) di Amsterdam, dan wilayah sekitarnya seperti Amstelveen, Diemen, dan Ouder-Amstel di Belanda. Jaringan ini dimiliki oleh pemerintah kota Amsterdam dan dioperasikan oleh Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf (GVB), perusahaan yang juga mengoperasikan trem, feri, dan bus lokal.\n\nJaringan metro ini terdiri dari lima jalur dan melayani 39 stasiun, dengan total panjang jaringan 42,7 kilometer. Tiga jalur dimulai dari Amsterdam Centraal: Jalur 53 dan Jalur 54 menghubungkan pusat kota Amsterdam dengan kota pinggiran Diemen, Duivendrecht, dan Amsterdam-Zuidoost (wilayah tenggara kota), sedangkan Jalur 51 berjalan ke selatan, kemudian mengikuti jalur lingkar (Ringlijn) yang menghubungkan Amsterdam wilayah selatan dan barat. Jalur 50 menghubungkan Zuidoost ke wilayah Amsterdam-West menggunakan jalur lingkar, yang berbagi dengan Jalur 51. Jalur ini adalah satu-satunya rute yang tidak melintasi pusat kota. Jalur kelima, Jalur 52 mulai beroperasi pada 21 Juli 2018, dan membentang dari kawasan Amsterdam-Noord (utara) ke Amsterdam-Zuid (selatan) melalui Amsterdam Centraal. Berbeda dengan jalur lainnya, Jalur 52 sebagian besar melewati terowongan bor dan tidak berbagi jalur dengan rute lain.\n\nAmsterdam memutuskan untuk membangun sebuah jaringan metro tahun 1968. Empat jalur dibangun, menghubungkan seluruh kota dan menggantikan banyak jalur trem yang sudah ada.\n\nTahun 1970, konstruksi jalur timur dimulai dan masuk dalam operasi tahun 1977. Jalur timur terdiri dari dua cabang, jalur 53 dan 54, untuk menghubungkan pusat kota dengan pengembangan perumahan di tenggara. Dalam pembangunan, rencana untuk menghancurkan seluruh pemukiman Yahudi di dekat Nieuwmarkt menimbulkan protes keras. Metro tetap dibangun (dekorasi dinding di Stasiun Nieuwmarkt dipasang untuk mengenang protes warganya), tetapi rencana untuk membangun jalan bebas hambatan melewati pemukiman di pusat kota dibatalkan. Jalur ini diselesaikan oleh pemerintah nasional.\n\nPada tahun 1990, jalur 51 dibuka, sebagian berbagi jalur dengan jalur metro sebelumnya, dengan jalur baru dan perpanjangan melalui jalur trem 5 menuju Amstelveen. Jalur ini disebut sneltram (trem cepat), dan dibangun dengan standar kereta ringan (light rail). Perubahan antara rel ketiga dan listrik aliran atas dilakukan di Zuid.\n\nPada tahun 1997, jalur lingkar (50) ditambahkan ke dalam jaringan, menyediakan koneksi cepat antara barat dan selatan, menghilangkan kebutuhan perjalanan melewati pusat kota.\n\nTahun 2002, konstruksi jalur utara/selatan (jalur 52) dimulai, yang direncanakan selesai pada Juli 2012. Karena beberapa keterlambatan dan kesalahan dengan perusahaan konstruksi, konstruksi jalur menjadi terlambat dan diperkirakan selesai tahun 2017.\n\nTahun 2009, komite investigasi khusus dewan kota menyimpulkan bahwa pemerintah kota Amsterdam \"seharusnya tidak pernah menyetujui\" proyek ini. Penggalian dan pembangunan bagian bawah tanah menyebabkan kerusakan bangunan bersejarah dan meningkatkan defisit anggaran kota. Awalnya proyek ini dianggarkan €1,4 miliar dan harus selesai tahun 2009. Perkiraan baru menyebutkan biaya yang dibutuhkan €3 miliar dan jalur ini tidak akan dibuka hingga tahun 2017.\n\nJalur metro baru ini direncanakan akan melewati daerah utara Amsterdam, melewati bawah tanah Teluk IJ. Dari sana kereta akan bergerak melewati Stasiun Centraal menuju Stasiun Zuid, yang direncanakan menggantikan Amsterdam Centraal sebagai pusat transportasi kota. Proyek ini awalnya memakan biaya €1,46 miliar, tetapi setelah beberapa penyesuaian, anggaran membengkak menjadi €3,1 miliar (kurs harga 2009), yang akan membuat jalur ini menjadi jalur metro paling mahal di seluruh dunia. Program ini mengalami banyak kesulitan, terutama di Stasiun Centraal, menghasilkan pembengkakan anggaran hingga 40%. Rencana awal pembukaan pada tahun 2011 telah diubah beberapa kali, sehingga batas waktu yang terbaru saat ini menjadi kontrak bagi semua pihak, yang membuat perusahaan konstruksi akan menerima denda untuk setiap penguluran waktu berikutnya.\n\nJalur trem menuju IJburg di bagian timur sebenarnya direncanakan sebagai jalur metro, dengan terowongan pendek dibangun di bagian barat dari Stasiun Centraal melewati bagian bawah rel untuk melewat jalur. Pada jalur ini sekarang dibangun dalam seluruh jalur trem, terowongan telah ditinggalkan dan direncanakan digunakan sebagai museum coklat. Rencana tetap berjalan untuk mengubah trem menuju IJburg untuk ditingkatkan menjadi metro dan menghubungkan kota tetangga Almere, dimana sebuah pemukiman besar sedang dibangun.\n\nJalur 52 kemungkinan akan diperpanjang hingga Bandar Udara Amsterdam Schiphol di masa depan.\n\nMetro Amsterdam memiliki 33 stasiun, sejak Jalur 52 di Jalur Utara-Selatan yang baru telah dibuka, enam stasiun dan rute tambahan sepanjang 9,5 kilometer telah ditambahkan ke dalam jaringan metro, menghasilkan jaringan gabungan baru sepanjang 52 kilometer. Pada tahun 2019, trem cepat (sneltram) Jalur 51 tidak lagi beroperasi dalam jaringan metro. Bagian selatan sneltram ditutup untuk proses konversi, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam jaringan trem.\n\nPada Januari 2016, terdapat 90 set kereta rel listrik (EMU) yang beroperasi dalam sistem Metro Amsterdam. Semua menggunakan sepur standar dan beroperasi dengan sistem elektrifikasi rel ketiga 750 V DC.\n\nDahulu, semua jalur metro di Belanda menggunakan strippenkaart (kartu sistem tarif nasional) sebagai tiket. Strippenkaart akan distempel di mesin tiket dan juga berlaku untuk bentuk transportasi publik lain yang menggunakan strippenkaart seperti bus, trem, ferri, dan beberapa kereta api.\n\nTahun 2006, jaringan metro mulai memperkenalkan pengganti strippenkaart; sebuah kartu pintar yang disebut OV-chipkaart. Gerbang tiket baru dipasang di semua pintu masuk stasiun, dan mesin check-in/check-out khusus jika stasiun berbagi dengan jalur kereta api dan trem.\n\nOV-chipkaart menggantikan sistem strippenkaart pada 27 Agustus 2009, dan sekarang menjadi satu-satunya bentuk tiket yang berlaku dalam sistem metro.\n\nPapan penanda Amsterdam Metro menggunakan rupa huruf M.O.L., yang didesain khusus oleh Gerard Unger tahun 1974. Spasi antar huruf lebih besar daripada normal, dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengguna membaca huruf saat menyala. Nama M.O.L. diambil dari bahasa Belanda yang berarti \"tikus tanah\" dalam bahasa Indonesia. ada rencana untuk menggunakan tikus tanah sebagai maskot metro, tetapi hal ini ditolak otoritas kota. Desain lainnya adalah versi 1991 yang dapat ditemukan di Jalur Amstelveen, versi 1995 ditemukan terutama pada Jalur Lingkar dan versi 2009 yang telah menggantikan versi sebelumnya di banyak stasiun. Pada tahun 2016, Amsterdam meluncurkan desain baru pada papan penanda dan logo dalam rangka untuk menyelaraskan semua elemen papan penanda dan papan wayfinding di semua jalur metro, pada waktunya untuk renovasi Jalur Timur dan pembukaan Jalur Utara-Selatan.\n\nAngkutan cepat Tram Amsterdam Metro Rotterdam\n\nPeta Metro di situs resmi Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf Situs resmi (Bahasa Inggris dan Belanda)\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Holland Utara Kategori:Transportasi di Amsterdam Kategori:Amstelveen Kategori:Diemen Kategori:Ouder-Amstel Kategori:Transportasi rel di Amsterdam Kategori:Transportasi rel di Belanda Kategori:Metro Amsterdam Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Belanda\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n | box_width = auto\n | name = Metro Amsterdam\n | image =Amsterdam_metro_logo.svg\n | imagesize = 100px\n | image2 = Metro_Amsterdam_M5_Kraaiennest_4.JPG\n | imagesize2 = 300px\n | caption = \n | locale = [[Amsterdam]], [[Amstelveen]],
[[Diemen]], [[Ouder-Amstel]]\n | transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]] dan [[lintas rel terpadu|kereta ringan]]\n | lines = 5\n | stations = 39\n | ridership =247.397 (2018)\n | began_operation = 14 Oktober 1977\n | ended_operation =\n | owner = [[Amsterdam|Kota Amsterdam]]\n | operator = [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]]\n | marks =\n | vehicles = 90 kereta\n | system_length = {{km to mi|42.7|precision=2|wiki=yes|abbr=yes}}\n | track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}}
([[sepur standar]])\n | minimum_radius_of_curvature = \n | average_speed = \n | top_speed = {{convert|70|km/h|abbr=on}}\n | map =[[File:AmsterdamMetroWashingtonStyle (from 2018).svg|250px]] \n | map_state = \n|annual_ridership=90,3 juta (2018)|el=750 V DC [[rel ketiga]]|caption2=Kereta [[Alstom Metropolis|Metropolis M5]] di stasiun [[Stasiun metro Kraaiennest|Kraaiennest]]}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metro Amsterdam (bahasa Belanda: Amsterdamse metro) adalah gabungan dari sistem angkutan cepat dan lintas rel terpadu (LRT) di Amsterdam, dan wilayah sekitarnya seperti Amstelveen, Diemen, dan Ouder-Amstel di Belanda.","translated_text":"The Amsterdamse metro (Dutch: Amsterdamse metro) is a combination of the integrated rapid and cross-rail transport (LRT) system in Amsterdam, and surrounding areas such as Amstelveen, Diemen, and Ouder-Amstel in the Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jaringan ini dimiliki oleh pemerintah kota Amsterdam dan dioperasikan oleh Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf (GVB), perusahaan yang juga mengoperasikan trem, feri, dan bus lokal.","translated_text":"The network is owned by the city government of Amsterdam and operated by the Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf (GVB), a company that also operates local trams, ferries, and buses.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jaringan metro ini terdiri dari lima jalur dan melayani 39 stasiun, dengan total panjang jaringan 42,7 kilometer.","translated_text":"The metro network consists of five lines and serves 39 stations, with a total network length of 42.7 kilometers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga jalur dimulai dari Amsterdam Centraal: Jalur 53 dan Jalur 54 menghubungkan pusat kota Amsterdam dengan kota pinggiran Diemen, Duivendrecht, dan Amsterdam-Zuidoost (wilayah tenggara kota), sedangkan Jalur 51 berjalan ke selatan, kemudian mengikuti jalur lingkar (Ringlijn) yang menghubungkan Amsterdam wilayah selatan dan barat.","translated_text":"Three lines start from Amsterdam Centraal: Route 53 and Route 54 connect Amsterdam city centre with the suburbs of Diemen, Duivendrecht, and Amsterdam-Zuidoost (southeastern area of the city), while Route 51 runs south, then follows a circular route (Ringlijn) connecting Amsterdam's southern and western regions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur 50 menghubungkan Zuidoost ke wilayah Amsterdam-West menggunakan jalur lingkar, yang berbagi dengan Jalur 51.","translated_text":"Line 50 connects Zuidoost to the Amsterdam-West region using a circular line, which it shares with Line 51.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini adalah satu-satunya rute yang tidak melintasi pusat kota.","translated_text":"This route is the only route that does not pass through the city center.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur kelima, Jalur 52 mulai beroperasi pada 21 Juli 2018, dan membentang dari kawasan Amsterdam-Noord (utara) ke Amsterdam-Zuid (selatan) melalui Amsterdam Centraal.","translated_text":"The fifth line, Line 52, commenced operations on 21 July 2018, and runs from the Amsterdam-Noord area (north) to Amsterdam-Zuid (south) via Amsterdam Centraal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berbeda dengan jalur lainnya, Jalur 52 sebagian besar melewati terowongan bor dan tidak berbagi jalur dengan rute lain.","translated_text":"Unlike other routes, Route 52 mostly passes through drilling tunnels and does not share routes with other routes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Konstruksi","translated_text":"Construction","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Amsterdam memutuskan untuk membangun sebuah jaringan metro tahun 1968.","translated_text":"Amsterdam decided to build a metro network in 1968.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Empat jalur dibangun, menghubungkan seluruh kota dan menggantikan banyak jalur trem yang sudah ada.","translated_text":"Four lines were built, connecting the entire city and replacing many existing tram lines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1970, konstruksi jalur timur dimulai dan masuk dalam operasi tahun 1977.","translated_text":"In 1970, construction of the eastern line began and it went into operation in 1977.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur timur terdiri dari dua cabang, jalur 53 dan 54, untuk menghubungkan pusat kota dengan pengembangan perumahan di tenggara.","translated_text":"The eastern line consists of two branches, lines 53 and 54, to connect the city centre with housing developments in the southeast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam pembangunan, rencana untuk menghancurkan seluruh pemukiman Yahudi di dekat Nieuwmarkt menimbulkan protes keras.","translated_text":"During construction, plans to destroy the entire Jewish settlement near the Nieuwmarkt provoked fierce protests.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metro tetap dibangun (dekorasi dinding di Stasiun Nieuwmarkt dipasang untuk mengenang protes warganya), tetapi rencana untuk membangun jalan bebas hambatan melewati pemukiman di pusat kota dibatalkan.","translated_text":"The metro remained under construction (wall decoration at Nieuwmarkt Station was installed to commemorate the protest of its citizens), but plans to build a barrier-free road through the settlement in the city centre were cancelled.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini diselesaikan oleh pemerintah nasional.","translated_text":"This route was completed by the national government.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1990, jalur 51 dibuka, sebagian berbagi jalur dengan jalur metro sebelumnya, dengan jalur baru dan perpanjangan melalui jalur trem 5 menuju Amstelveen.","translated_text":"In 1990, line 51 was opened, partly sharing lines with the previous metro line, with a new line and extension via tram line 5 to Amstelveen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini disebut sneltram (trem cepat), dan dibangun dengan standar kereta ringan (light rail).","translated_text":"The line is called sneltram (fast train), and is built to light rail standards.","trailing_whitespace":" 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggalian dan pembangunan bagian bawah tanah menyebabkan kerusakan bangunan bersejarah dan meningkatkan defisit anggaran kota.","translated_text":"Excavation and underground construction caused damage to historic buildings and increased the city's budget deficit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Awalnya proyek ini dianggarkan €1,4 miliar dan harus selesai tahun 2009.","translated_text":"The project was initially estimated at €1.4 billion and should be completed in 2009.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perkiraan baru menyebutkan biaya yang dibutuhkan €3 miliar dan jalur ini tidak akan dibuka hingga tahun 2017.","translated_text":"The new estimate calls for a cost of €3 billion and the line will not open until 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diubah beberapa kali, sehingga batas waktu yang terbaru saat ini menjadi kontrak bagi semua pihak, yang membuat perusahaan konstruksi akan menerima denda untuk setiap penguluran waktu berikutnya.","translated_text":"The initial opening plan in 2011 has been amended several times, so the latest deadline is currently a contract for all parties, which makes the construction company to receive a fine for each subsequent delay.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Press announcement [http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 Financiële prognose Noord/Zuidlijn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728040153/http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 |date=2018-07-28 }} (in 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada jalur ini sekarang dibangun dalam seluruh jalur trem, terowongan telah ditinggalkan dan direncanakan digunakan sebagai museum coklat.","translated_text":"On this line now being built along the entire tram line, the tunnel has been abandoned and is planned to be used as a chocolate museum.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rencana tetap berjalan untuk mengubah trem menuju IJburg untuk ditingkatkan menjadi metro dan menghubungkan kota tetangga Almere, dimana sebuah pemukiman besar sedang dibangun.","translated_text":"Plans are still underway to convert the tramway to IJburg to be upgraded to a metro and connect the neighbouring town of Almere, where a large settlement is being built.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/nederland/nieuwsbericht/asp/artnr/104021/| 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operating in the metro network.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian selatan sneltram ditutup untuk proses konversi, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam jaringan trem.","translated_text":"The southern part of the rapid tramway was closed for conversion, then incorporated into the tram network.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n!Warna\n!Jalur\n!Tanda\n!Nomor jalur\n!Nama jalur\n!Terminus\n!Dibuka\n!Panjang\n!Stasiun\n!Penumpang (2019)\n!Jenis\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#00CC66;\" |Hijau\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 50.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba50.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 50 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 50]]\n|''Ringlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Isolatorweg|Isolatorweg]] – [[Stasiun metro Gein|Gein]]\n|1997\n|20,1 km\n|20\n|100.200\n| rowspan=\"5\" |[[Angkutan cepat|Metro]]\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#FF9933;\" |Oranye\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 51.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba51.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 51 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 51]]\n|''Ringlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Isolatorweg|Isolatorweg]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Stasiun Centraal]]\n|1990\n|19,5 km\n|19\n|60.800\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#3399FF;\" |Biru\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 52.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba52.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 52 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 52]]\n|''Noord/Zuidlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Noord|Noord]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Zuid|Zuid]]\n|2018\n|9,5 km\n|8\n|84.000[{{Cite web|title=Meer mensen met metro dan met tram door Noord/Zuidlijn|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/09/26/twee-maanden-noordzuidlijn-a1810716|website=NRC|language=nl|access-date=2022-10-19}}]\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#FF3333;\" |Merah\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 53.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba53.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 53 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 53]]\n|''Gaasperplaslijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Gaasperplas|Gaasperplas]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Stasiun Centraal]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" |1977\n|11,3 km\n|14\n|60.600\n|-\n| align=\"center\" style=\"background:#FFFF50;\" |Kuning\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam unofficial metro icon line 54.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Berkas:Gvba54.svg|20x20px]]\n|[[Jalur 54 (Metro Amsterdam)|Jalur 54]]\n|''Geinlijn''\n|[[Stasiun metro Gein|Gein]] – [[Stasiun Amsterdam Centraal|Stasiun Centraal]]\n|12,1 km\n|15\n|73.500\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Armada","translated_text":"Fleet","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Januari 2016, terdapat 90 set kereta rel listrik (EMU) yang beroperasi dalam sistem Metro Amsterdam.","translated_text":"As of January 2016, there are 90 sets of electric railways (EMUs) operating in the Amsterdam Metro system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite 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arsip|archive-date=2015-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109172116/http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150109172116/http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:18.980858-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua menggunakan sepur standar dan beroperasi dengan sistem elektrifikasi rel ketiga 750 V DC.","translated_text":"All use standard trains and operate with a third 750 V DC rail electrification system.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kereta\n! Jenis\n!Pabrikan\n!Beroperasi\n! Deskripsi[{{cite web|title=Rolling stock|url=http://www.gvb.nl/english/aboutgvb/facts-and-figures/Pages/rolling-stock.aspx|publisher=[[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201085355/http://www.gvb.nl/english/aboutgvb/facts-and-figures/Pages/rolling-stock.aspx|archive-date=2008-12-01|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2008-12-14}}]\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdamse Metro LHB M2 stel 22.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri M1, M2, dan M3'''
Unit metro untuk Jalur 50, 53, dan 54\n|[[Linke-Hofmann-Busch|LHB]]\n|1977–2015\n|Panjang: 37,5 m
Lebar: 3,0 m
Berat (Penuh): 54,0 ton (75,0 ton)
Kecepatan maksimum: 70 km/jam
Tenaga: 4 x 195 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 750 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro S1–S2, 2022.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri S1 dan S2'''
Unit metro/trem hibrida untuk Jalur 51\n|[[La Brugeoise et Nivelles|BN]]\n|1990–2024\n|Panjang: 30,6 m
Lebar: 2,65 m
Berat (Penuh): 48,5 ton (72,0 ton)
Kecepatan maksimum: 70 km/jam
Tenaga: 6 x 77 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 600/750 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro S3–M4, 2022.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri S3 dan M4'''
Unit metro ringan untuk Jalur 50 dan 51, terkadang Jalur 53\n|[[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]\n|1997–sekarang\n|Panjang: 30,9 m
Lebar: 2,7 m
Berat (Penuh): 48,0 ton (72,0 ton)
Kecepatan maksimum: 70 km/jam
Tenaga: 6 x 70 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 750 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro M5, 2022.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''[[Alstom Metropolis|Seri M5]]'''
Unit metro untuk Jalur 50, 52, 53, dan 54\n|[[Alstom|Alstom Konstal]]\n|2013–sekarang\n|Panjang: 116,2 m
Lebar: 3,0 m
Berat: 190 ton
Kecepatan maksimum: 90 km/jam
Tenaga: 16 x 300 kW
Tenaga listrik DC: 50 volt\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Amsterdam Metro M7 at Heemstedestraat, 2024.jpg|180x180px]]\n|'''Seri M7'''
Unit metro untuk Jalur 50, 53, dan 54\n|[[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]\n|2023–sekarang\n|Panjang: 59,6 m
Lebar: 3,0 m
Berat: 95 ton
Kecepatan maksimum: 80 km/jam
Tenaga listrik DC: 50 volt\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Sistem tiket","translated_text":"Ticket system","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dahulu, semua jalur metro di Belanda menggunakan strippenkaart (kartu sistem tarif nasional) sebagai tiket.","translated_text":"In the past, all metro lines in the Netherlands used strippenkaart (a card of the national tariff system) as a ticket.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Strippenkaart akan distempel di mesin tiket dan juga berlaku untuk bentuk transportasi publik lain yang menggunakan strippenkaart seperti bus, trem, ferri, dan beberapa kereta api.","translated_text":"Strippenkarten will be stamped on ticket machines and will also apply to other forms of public transport using strippenkarten such as buses, trams, ferries, and some trains.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 2006, jaringan metro mulai memperkenalkan pengganti strippenkaart; sebuah kartu pintar yang disebut OV-chipkaart.","translated_text":"In 2006, the metro network began introducing a replacement for the strippenkaart; a smart card called the OV-chipkaart.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gerbang tiket baru dipasang di semua pintu masuk stasiun, dan mesin check-in/check-out khusus jika stasiun berbagi dengan jalur kereta api dan trem.","translated_text":"New ticket gates are installed at all station entrances, and special check-in/check-out machines if the station shares with the railway and tram lines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"OV","translated_text":"OV","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-chipkaart menggantikan sistem strippenkaart pada 27 Agustus 2009, dan sekarang menjadi satu-satunya bentuk tiket yang berlaku dalam sistem metro.","translated_text":"The -chipcard replaced the stripcard system on August 27, 2009, and is now the only valid ticket form in the metro system.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=GVB OV Chipkaart actiesite |url=http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html |publisher=[[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] |accessdate=31 July 2009 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110012045/http://www.gvb.nl/documents/actiesite/index.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":146,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1261,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.049560-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=GVB OV Chipkaart actiesite |url=http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html |publisher=[[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] |accessdate=31 July 2009 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110012045/http://www.gvb.nl/documents/actiesite/index.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":146,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100110012045/http://www.gvb.nl/documents/actiesite/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.105660-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Desain grafis","translated_text":"Graphic design","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Papan penanda Amsterdam Metro menggunakan rupa huruf M.O.L., yang didesain khusus oleh Gerard Unger tahun 1974.","translated_text":"The Amsterdam Metro signboard uses the letter M.O.L., which was specially designed by Gerard Unger in 1974.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spasi antar huruf lebih besar daripada normal, dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengguna membaca huruf saat menyala.","translated_text":"The spacing between the letters is larger than normal, in an effort to improve the user's ability to read the letters while lit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nama M.O.L. diambil dari bahasa Belanda yang berarti \"tikus tanah\" dalam bahasa Indonesia. ada rencana untuk menggunakan tikus tanah sebagai maskot metro, tetapi hal ini ditolak otoritas kota.","translated_text":"The name M.O.L. is derived from the Dutch for \"soil rat\" in Indonesian. There were plans to use the soil rat as a metro mascot, but this was rejected by the city authorities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web | last = Unger | first = Gerard | authorlink = Gerard Unger | title = M.O.L. (1974) | url = http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | accessdate = 2008-12-14 | archive-date = 2008-12-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":192,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.177162-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web | last = Unger | first = Gerard | authorlink = Gerard Unger | title = M.O.L. (1974) | url = http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | accessdate = 2008-12-14 | archive-date = 2008-12-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":192,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.328910-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Desain lainnya adalah versi 1991 yang dapat ditemukan di Jalur Amstelveen, versi 1995 ditemukan terutama pada Jalur Lingkar dan versi 2009 yang telah menggantikan versi sebelumnya di banyak stasiun.","translated_text":"Other designs are the 1991 version which can be found on the Amstelveen Line, the 1995 version found mainly on the Circular Line and the 2009 version which has replaced earlier versions on many stations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2016, Amsterdam meluncurkan desain baru pada papan penanda dan logo dalam rangka untuk menyelaraskan semua elemen papan penanda dan papan wayfinding di semua jalur metro, pada waktunya untuk renovasi Jalur Timur dan pembukaan Jalur Utara-Selatan.","translated_text":"In 2016, Amsterdam launched a new design on the signboards and logos in order to align all the elements of the signboards and wayfinding boards on all metro lines, in time for the renovation of the Eastern Line and the opening of the North-South Line.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|title=Deze domeinnaam is geregistreerd door een klant van Yourhosting.nl|url=https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":257,"name":null,"url":"https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.398807-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|title=Deze domeinnaam is geregistreerd door een klant van Yourhosting.nl|url=https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":257,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:20.728476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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Belanda)","translated_text":"Metro map on the official site of the Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Holland Utara Kategori:Transportasi di Amsterdam Kategori:Amstelveen Kategori:Diemen Kategori:Ouder-Amstel Kategori:Transportasi rel di Amsterdam Kategori:Transportasi rel di Belanda Kategori:Metro Amsterdam Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Belanda","translated_text":"Category:Transport in the Netherlands Category:Transport in Amsterdam Category:Amstelveen Category:Diemen Category:Ouder-Amstel Category:Railway transport in the Netherlands Category:Railway transport in the Netherlands Category:Metro Amsterdam Category:Rapid transit in the Netherlands","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Penggalian dan pembangunan bagian bawah tanah menyebabkan kerusakan bangunan bersejarah dan meningkatkan defisit anggaran kota. Awalnya proyek ini dianggarkan €1,4 miliar dan harus selesai tahun 2009. Perkiraan baru menyebutkan biaya yang dibutuhkan €3 miliar dan jalur ini tidak akan dibuka hingga tahun 2017.","translated_text":"Excavation and underground construction caused damage to historic buildings and increased the city's budget deficit. The project was initially estimated at €1.4 billion and should be completed in 2009. The new estimate calls for a cost of €3 billion and the line will not open until 2017.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2438439.ece/Metro-committee_slams_Amsterdam_city_government \"Metro-committee slams Amsterdam city government\"]]","char_index":310,"name":null,"url":"http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2438439.ece/Metro-committee_slams_Amsterdam_city_government","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":289348,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:02.084850-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.317138671875}]},{"text":"Jalur metro baru ini direncanakan akan melewati daerah utara Amsterdam, melewati bawah tanah Teluk IJ. Dari sana kereta akan bergerak melewati Stasiun Centraal menuju Stasiun Zuid, yang direncanakan menggantikan Amsterdam Centraal sebagai pusat transportasi kota.","translated_text":"This new metro line is planned to pass through the northern area of Amsterdam, through the underground IJ Bay. From there the train will move through Centraal Station to Zuid Station, which is planned to replace Amsterdam Centraal as the city's transport hub.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://www.humanhub.nl/Zuidas_Visie.pdf| title=Zuidas Visie| format=PDF}}]","char_index":263,"name":"Zuidas Visie","url":"http://www.humanhub.nl/Zuidas_Visie.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":64674,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:03.089800-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (90 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Proyek ini awalnya memakan biaya €1,46 miliar, tetapi setelah beberapa penyesuaian, anggaran membengkak menjadi €3,1 miliar (kurs harga 2009), yang akan membuat jalur ini menjadi jalur metro paling mahal di seluruh dunia. Program ini mengalami banyak kesulitan, terutama di Stasiun Centraal, menghasilkan pembengkakan anggaran hingga 40%. Rencana awal pembukaan pada tahun 2011 telah diubah beberapa kali, sehingga batas waktu yang terbaru saat ini menjadi kontrak bagi semua pihak, yang membuat perusahaan konstruksi akan menerima denda untuk setiap penguluran waktu berikutnya.","translated_text":"The project initially cost €1.46 billion, but after some adjustments, the budget swelled to €3.1 billion (price of 2009), which would make it the most expensive metro line in the world. The program experienced many difficulties, especially at Central Station, resulting in a budget swelling of up to 40%. The initial opening plan in 2011 has been amended several times, so the latest deadline is currently a contract for all parties, which makes the construction company to receive a fine for each subsequent delay.","citations":[{"content":"[Press announcement [http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 Financiële prognose Noord/Zuidlijn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728040153/http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 |date=2018-07-28 }} (in Dutch)]","char_index":579,"name":"finprog","url":"http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:03.771750-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Press announcement [http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 Financiële prognose Noord/Zuidlijn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728040153/http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452 |date=2018-07-28 }} (in Dutch)]","char_index":579,"name":"finprog","url":"http://www.stationseiland.amsterdam.nl/live/index.jsp?nav=896&loc=66155&det=19452","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:03.771750-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/ |title=Amsterdam Government Website About the Noord/Zuid Lijn |access-date=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2011-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202125303/http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":579,"name":null,"url":"http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:03.809273-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/ |title=Amsterdam Government Website About the Noord/Zuid Lijn |access-date=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2011-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202125303/http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/ |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":579,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110202125303/http://www.noordzuidlijn.amsterdam.nl/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:13.928999-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jalur trem menuju IJburg di bagian timur sebenarnya direncanakan sebagai jalur metro, dengan terowongan pendek dibangun di bagian barat dari Stasiun Centraal melewati bagian bawah rel untuk melewat jalur. Pada jalur ini sekarang dibangun dalam seluruh jalur trem, terowongan telah ditinggalkan dan direncanakan digunakan sebagai museum coklat. Rencana tetap berjalan untuk mengubah trem menuju IJburg untuk ditingkatkan menjadi metro dan menghubungkan kota tetangga Almere, dimana sebuah pemukiman besar sedang dibangun.","translated_text":"The tram line to IJburg in the east was actually planned as a metro line, with a short tunnel being built in the west of the Centraal Station passing through the bottom of the railway to pass through the line. On this line now being built along the entire tram line, the tunnel has been abandoned and is planned to be used as a chocolate museum. Plans are still underway to convert the tramway to IJburg to be upgraded to a metro and connect the neighbouring town of Almere, where a large settlement is being built.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/nederland/nieuwsbericht/asp/artnr/104021/| title=Elsevier}}]","char_index":520,"name":null,"url":"http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/nederland/nieuwsbericht/asp/artnr/104021/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":247686,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:13.999271-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.63330078125}]},{"text":"Jalur 52 kemungkinan akan diperpanjang hingga Bandar Udara Amsterdam Schiphol di masa depan.","translated_text":"Route 52 is likely to be extended to Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the future.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://www.humanhub.nl/Zuidas_Visie.pdf| title=Zuidas Visie| format=PDF}}]","char_index":92,"name":"Zuidas Visie","url":"http://www.humanhub.nl/Zuidas_Visie.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":64674,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:03.089800-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (90 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metro Amsterdam memiliki 33 stasiun, sejak Jalur 52 di Jalur Utara-Selatan yang baru telah dibuka, enam stasiun dan rute tambahan sepanjang 9,5 kilometer telah ditambahkan ke dalam jaringan metro, menghasilkan jaringan gabungan baru sepanjang 52 kilometer.","translated_text":"The Amsterdam Metro has 33 stations, since Line 52 on the new North-South Line was opened, six stations and an additional 9.5-kilometre route have been added to the metro network, producing a new 52-kilometre combined network.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=archive.ph|url=http://en.gvb.nl/reisinformatie/plattegronden/Pages/Metrostations-kaart.aspx|website=archive.ph|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2014-04-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140427131217/http://en.gvb.nl/reisinformatie/plattegronden/Pages/Metrostations-kaart.aspx|dead-url=unfit}}]","char_index":36,"name":null,"url":"http://en.gvb.nl/reisinformatie/plattegronden/Pages/Metrostations-kaart.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:14.494632-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite 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Machine|url=http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808073315/http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf|dead-url=unfit}}]","char_index":256,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140808073315/http://www.noordzuidlijnkennis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/metronetstudie.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:15.731746-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada Januari 2016, terdapat 90 set kereta rel listrik (EMU) yang beroperasi dalam sistem Metro Amsterdam.","translated_text":"As of January 2016, there are 90 sets of electric railways (EMUs) operating in the Amsterdam Metro system.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|title=Salinan arsip|archive-date=2015-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109172116/http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gvb.nl/overgvb/bedrijfsprofiel/MaterieelEnCijfers/Pages/metro.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1261,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:18.901931-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite 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-chipcard replaced the stripcard system on August 27, 2009, and is now the only valid ticket form in the metro system.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |title=GVB OV Chipkaart actiesite |url=http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html |publisher=[[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] |accessdate=31 July 2009 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110012045/http://www.gvb.nl/documents/actiesite/index.html |dead-url=yes }}]","char_index":149,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1261,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.049560-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web |title=GVB OV Chipkaart actiesite |url=http://www.gvb.nl/Documents/actiesite/index.html 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Spasi antar huruf lebih besar daripada normal, dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pengguna membaca huruf saat menyala. Nama M.O.L. diambil dari bahasa Belanda yang berarti \"tikus tanah\" dalam bahasa Indonesia. ada rencana untuk menggunakan tikus tanah sebagai maskot metro, tetapi hal ini ditolak otoritas kota.","translated_text":"The Amsterdam Metro signboard uses the letter M.O.L., which was specially designed by Gerard Unger in 1974. The spacing between the letters is larger than normal, in an effort to improve the user's ability to read the letters while lit. The name M.O.L. is derived from the Dutch for \"soil rat\" in Indonesian. There were plans to use the soil rat as a metro mascot, but this was rejected by the city authorities.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web | last = Unger | first = Gerard | authorlink = Gerard Unger | title = M.O.L. (1974) | url = http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | accessdate = 2008-12-14 | archive-date = 2008-12-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":429,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.177162-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web | last = Unger | first = Gerard | authorlink = Gerard Unger | title = M.O.L. (1974) | url = http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | accessdate = 2008-12-14 | archive-date = 2008-12-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html | dead-url = yes }}]","char_index":429,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081210020821/http://www.gerardunger.com/allmytypedesigns/allmytypedesigns03.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.328910-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nama M.O.L. diambil dari bahasa Belanda yang berarti \"tikus tanah\" dalam bahasa Indonesia. ada rencana untuk menggunakan tikus tanah sebagai maskot metro, tetapi hal ini ditolak otoritas kota. Desain lainnya adalah versi 1991 yang dapat ditemukan di Jalur Amstelveen, versi 1995 ditemukan terutama pada Jalur Lingkar dan versi 2009 yang telah menggantikan versi sebelumnya di banyak stasiun. Pada tahun 2016, Amsterdam meluncurkan desain baru pada papan penanda dan logo dalam rangka untuk menyelaraskan semua elemen papan penanda dan papan wayfinding di semua jalur metro, pada waktunya untuk renovasi Jalur Timur dan pembukaan Jalur Utara-Selatan.","translated_text":"The name M.O.L. is derived from the Dutch for \"soil rat\" in Indonesian. There were plans to use the soil rat as a metro mascot, but this was rejected by the city authorities. Other designs are the 1991 version which can be found on the Amstelveen Line, the 1995 version found mainly on the Circular Line and the 2009 version which has replaced earlier versions on many stations. In 2016, Amsterdam launched a new design on the signboards and logos in order to align all the elements of the signboards and wayfinding boards on all metro lines, in time for the renovation of the Eastern Line and the opening of the North-South Line.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|title=Deze domeinnaam is geregistreerd door een klant van Yourhosting.nl|url=https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":649,"name":null,"url":"https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:19.398807-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|title=Deze domeinnaam is geregistreerd door een klant van Yourhosting.nl|url=https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2022-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":649,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220315160041/https://www.stadsregioamsterdam.nl/artikel/20160203-wayfinding-nieuwe-borden-op-metrostations","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:20.728476-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pencarian Internet","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mesin pencari]]","hash":"73b72e4354936f7d5c9eb44522c185ff4b5cb02a433e46a7081b5ff0a4b31928","last_revision":"2022-10-15T02:56:33Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T05:49:28Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:45.990753","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mesin pencari\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mesin pencari","translated_text":"Why Search Engines","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Corseshield.jpg","wikicode":"== Ringkasan ==\n\n{{Non-free use rationale|Description= This is the Italian motorcycle company Ducati Corse's sole corporate logo.\n|Source= The logo is from the http://www.ducati.com/racing/index.do website. Taken from [[:it:File:Logo Ducati Corse (nuovo).svg|the Italian Wikipedia]], where it was created and uploaded by [[User:ANGELUS|'''Angelus''']] [[User talk:ANGELUS|''(talk)'']].\n|Website= http://www.ducati.com/racing/index.do\n|Article= Ducati Corse\n|Portion= This image has been shown in its entirety and is unmodified in any way. The image is issued copyrighted, but its use on this page does not compete with the copyright holder in any field; nor does its use here constitute an undesirable destabilisation of any of Ducati's corporate aims.\n|Resolution= The size as used in the article is Low.\n|Purpose= Ducati is an extremely high profile manufacturer and racer of motorcycles. As such, in occupying this high profile position, use of their logo here is '''key''' in helping to provide visual identification and description of the subject. The uploader genuinely believes this image application complies with the Wikipedia fair use guidelines.\n|Replaceability= It's a logo. No free alternative could possibly exist. Unreplaceable.\n|Other information=It is used solely to illustrate the article about the company which owns the trademark and copyright. It is used solely on the English language Wikipedia.\n}}\n\n== Lisensi ==\n{{Non-free logo|image has rationale=yes}}","hash":"1217923f1cd310720d5a9bdc25411d4924e7b92ed9f14a539c2c05dd3bdf62b5","last_revision":"2022-10-29T13:13:28Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T06:04:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.047474","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Ringkasan","translated_text":"Summary","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lisensi","translated_text":"License","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Shut Up and Dance","wikicode":"{{Infobox Album | \n Name = Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes |\n Type = [[Remix Album]] |\n Artist = [[Paula Abdul]] |\n Cover = ShutUpAndDanceMix.jpg |\n Released = [[8 Mei]] [[1990]] |\n Recorded = 1988|\n Genre = [[Remix]] |\n Length = |\n Label = [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] |\n Producer = |\n Reviews = |\n Last album = ''[[Forever Your Girl]]'' (1988) |\n This album = ''Shut Up And Dance: The Dance Mixes'' (1990) |\n Next album = ''[[Spellbound (album Paula Abdul)|Spellbound]]'' (1991) |\n| Misc = {{Singles\n|Name = Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes\n|Type = remix\n|single 1 = 1990 Medley mix\n|single 1 date = [[1990]]\n}}\n|}}\n\n'''''Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes''''' adalah [[album]] kedua yang dirilis oleh penyanyi [[Paula Abdul]]. Album ini dirilis pada tanggal [[8 Mei]] [[1990]].\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n# \"[[Cold Hearted]]\" (Quiverin' 12\")\n# \"[[Straight Up (song)|Straight Up]]\" (Ultimix mix)\n# \"One or the Other\" (1990 mix) - by Keith Cohen\n# \"[[Forever Your Girl (song)|Forever Your Girl]]\" (Frankie Foncett mix)\n# \"[[Knocked Out]]\" (Pettibone 12\")\n# \"[[(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me]]\" (Houseafire edit)\n# \"[[Opposites Attract]]\" (1990 mix)\n# \"1990 Medley mix\" - by [[Chris Cox (DJ)|Chris Cox]] for Hot Tracks [[remix service]]\n:on the UK import:\n# \"[[Knocked Out]]\" (Power mix) - UK rerelease only\n# \"[[Opposites Attract]]\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above\n# \"[[Forever Your Girl]]\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above\n# \"[[Cold Hearted]]\" (Chad Jackson 12\" remix) - as above\n\n[[Kategori:Album tahun 1990]]\n[[Kategori:Album Paula Abdul]]\n\n\n{{album-stub}}","hash":"4c0b2626e80bf976ed67752f463ebd6235db44baf728e68121712ea08be9d3ca","last_revision":"2023-02-28T09:00:37Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T06:12:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.111674","cross_lingual_links":{"cs":"Shut Up and Dance","en":"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes","fr":"Shut Up and Dance (The Dance Mixes)","he":"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes","it":"Shut Up and Dance (Paula Abdul)","ja":"シャット・アップ・アンド・ダンス (ポーラ・アブドゥルのアルバム)","ko":"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes","pl":"Shut Up and Dance","pt":"Shut Up and Dance","ru":"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes","simple":"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes adalah album kedua yang dirilis oleh penyanyi Paula Abdul. Album ini dirilis pada tanggal 8 Mei 1990.\n\n\"Cold Hearted\" (Quiverin' 12\") \"Straight Up\" (Ultimix mix) \"One or the Other\" (1990 mix) - by Keith Cohen \"Forever Your Girl\" (Frankie Foncett mix) \"Knocked Out\" (Pettibone 12\") \"(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me\" (Houseafire edit) \"Opposites Attract\" (1990 mix) \"1990 Medley mix\" - by Chris Cox for Hot Tracks remix service on the UK import: \"Knocked Out\" (Power mix) - UK rerelease only \"Opposites Attract\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above \"Forever Your Girl\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above \"Cold Hearted\" (Chad Jackson 12\" remix) - as above\n\nKategori:Album tahun 1990 Kategori:Album Paula Abdul\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Album | \n Name = Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes |\n Type = [[Remix Album]] |\n Artist = [[Paula Abdul]] |\n Cover = ShutUpAndDanceMix.jpg |\n Released = [[8 Mei]] [[1990]] |\n Recorded = 1988|\n Genre = [[Remix]] |\n Length = |\n Label = [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] |\n Producer = |\n Reviews = |\n Last album = ''[[Forever Your Girl]]'' (1988) |\n This album = ''Shut Up And Dance: The Dance Mixes'' (1990) |\n Next album = ''[[Spellbound (album Paula Abdul)|Spellbound]]'' (1991) |\n| Misc = {{Singles\n|Name = Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes\n|Type = remix\n|single 1 = 1990 Medley mix\n|single 1 date = [[1990]]\n}}\n|}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes adalah album kedua yang dirilis oleh penyanyi Paula Abdul.","translated_text":"Shut Up and Dance: The Dance Mixes is the second album released by singer Paula Abdul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Album ini dirilis pada tanggal 8 Mei 1990.","translated_text":"The album was released on May 8, 1990.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"Cold Hearted\" (Quiverin' 12\") \"Straight Up\" (Ultimix mix) \"One or the Other\" (1990 mix) - by Keith Cohen \"Forever Your Girl\" (Frankie Foncett mix) \"Knocked Out\" (Pettibone 12\") \"(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me\" (Houseafire edit) \"Opposites Attract\" (1990 mix) \"1990 Medley mix\" - by Chris Cox for Hot Tracks remix service on the UK import: \"Knocked Out\" (Power mix) - UK rerelease only \"Opposites Attract\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above \"Forever Your Girl\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above \"Cold Hearted\" (Chad Jackson 12\" remix) - as above","translated_text":"\"Cold Hearted\" (Quiverin' 12) \"Straight Up\" (Ultimix mix) \"One or the Other\" (1990 mix) - by Keith Cohen \"Forever Your Girl\" (Frankie Foncett mix) \"Knocked Out\" (Pettibone 12) \"(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me\" (Houseafire edit) \"Opposites Attract\" (1990 mix) \"1990 Medley mix\" - by Chris Cox for Hot Tracks remix service on the UK import: \"Knocked Out\" (Power mix) - UK rerelease only \"Opposites Attract\" (Shep's Special mix) - as above \"Forever Your Girl\" (Shep's Special) - as above \"Cold Heart\" (Chad 12\" Jackson remix - as above - as above","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Album tahun 1990 Kategori:Album Paula Abdul","translated_text":"Categories:Album of the year 1990 Categories:Album by Paula Abdul","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Album Paula Abdul","wikicode":"{{artikelutama|Paula Abdul}}\n\n[[Kategori:Album menurut penyanyi|Paula Abdul]]","hash":"aa2727dd45de11e928fd7a75013a0b5a1d38f1b33f15a38f117c10c363e0d756","last_revision":"2013-03-31T00:29:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T06:20:23Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.169411","cross_lingual_links":{"cs":"Kategorie:Alba Pauly Abdul","en":"Category:Paula Abdul albums","fi":"Luokka:Paula Abdulin albumit","fr":"Catégorie:Album de Paula Abdul","he":"קטגוריה:אלבומי פאולה עבדול","it":"Categoria:Album di Paula Abdul","ja":"Category:ポーラ・アブドゥルのアルバム","pl":"Kategoria:Albumy Pauli Abdul","pt":"Categoria:Álbuns de Paula Abdul","ru":"Категория:Альбомы Полы Абдул","simple":"Category:Paula Abdul albums","tr":"Kategori:Paula Abdul albümleri","vi":"Thể loại:Album của Paula Abdul"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Paula Abdul\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Paula Abdul","translated_text":"Paula Abdul","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Narnia (negara)","wikicode":"{{Infobox fictional country\n|native_name =\n|common_name = Narnia\n|conventional_long_name = Land of Narnia\n|series =\n|continent = [[Narnia (dunia)]]\n|country =\n|event_start =\n|year_start =\n|year_end=\n|p1 =\n|flag_p1 =\n|image_flag = Flag of Narnia.svg\n|image_coat = Coat of arms of Narnia (alternate).svg\n|image_map =\n|map_caption =\n|image_map2 =\n|map_caption2 =\n| source = [[The Chronicles of Narnia]]\n| creator = [[C. S. Lewis]]\n| genre = [[Buku|Buku anak-anak]]\n|capital = [[Cair Paravel]]\n|official_languages = [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]\n|ethnic_groups = [[Telmarines]], [[Dwarf (mitologi)|Dwarfs]], [[Raksasa (mitologi)|Raksasa]], [[Fauns]], [[Centaurus]], [[Nymphs]], [[Marsh-wiggles]], dll.\n|government_type = [[Monarki]]\n|leader_title1 = [[Raja]]\n|leader_name1 = [[Frank I]], [[Gale]], [[Peter Pevensie]], [[Caspian X]], [[Rilian]], [[Tirian]] etc.\n|leader_title2 = Lord [[Regent]]\n|leader_name2 = [[Trumpkin]]\n|population =\n|currency =\n}}\nDalam seri ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia]]'' karya [[C. S. Lewis]], [[Narnia]] adalah salah satu negara di cerita ini. Narnia adalah salah satu dari beberapa daerah di [[Narnia|dunia narnia]].\n\n== Raja dan Ratu Narnia ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n! align=\"center\" width=\"5%\" | Tahun Pemerintahan\n! align=\"center\" width=\"13%\" | Monarki\n! align=\"center\" width=\"10%\" | Catatan\n|-\n| ''[[Narnian timeline|1]]–?''\n|| [[Raja Frank|Frank I]] dan [[Ratu Helen|Helen]]\n|-\n| ''Sebelum 180''\n|| Lima keturunan Frank dan Helen\n|| Semua diberi nama Frank.
Putra kedua mereka adalah raja pertama [[Archenland]].\n|-\n| ''Sebelum 302''\n|| [[Raja Gale dari Narnia|Gale]]\n|| Kaisar pertama dari [[Lone Islands]].\n|-\n| ''Sebelum 900''\n|| [[Swanwhite]]\n|| Tanggal disebutkan dalam ''[[The Last Battle]]''.
Bertentangan dengan garis waktu Lewis yang mengatakan tanggal 1502.\n|-\n| ''900–1000''\n|| [[Penyihir Putih|Jadis]], Ratu Lone Islands (Penyihir Putih)\n|| Memerintah selama musim dingin seratus tahun.\n|-\n| ''1000–1015''\n|| [[Peter Pevensie|Peter]] yang perkasa ([[Raja tertinggi]])
[[Susan Pevensie|Susan]] yang lembut
[[Edmund Pevensie|Edmund]] yang adil
[[Lucy Pevensie|Lucy]] yang berani\n|| Memerintah merangkap sebagai saudara sampai mereka meninggalkan Narnia.\n|-\n| ''1998–?''\n|| [[Daftar karakter The Chronicles of Narnia#C|Caspian I]] sang penakluk\n|| Raja pertama setelah invasi Telmarine.\n|-\n| ''?–2290''\n|| Delapan keturunan Caspian I\n|| All named Caspian.\n|-\n| ''2290–2303''\n|| [[Miraz]], Sang Perampas dan Prunaprismia\n|| Putra Caspian VIII; membunuh saudaranya Caspian IX dan membuang keponakannya (yang menggantikannya sebagai Caspian X).\n|-\n| ''2303–2356''\n|| [[Caspian X]] the Seafarer, the Navigator\n|| Putra Caspian IX dan suami Putri [[Ramandu]].\n|-\n| ''2356–?''\n|| [[Rilian]] the Disenchanted\n|| Putra Caspian X.\n|-\n| ''?''\n|| Lima keturunan Rilian\n|-\n| ''?''\n|| [[Daftar karakter The Chronicles of Narnia#E|Erlian]]\n|| Ayah Tirian.\n|-\n| ''?–2555''\n|| [[Tirian]]\n|| Raja terakhir Narnia sebelum dihancurkan.\n|-\n|}\n\n{{Narnia}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:The Chronicles of Narnia]]\n\n\n{{fantasi-stub}}","hash":"00000fc8ad14393d199796e007e959f13d94fd7e87cdac388fb511457ea21be5","last_revision":"2022-12-20T09:03:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T06:53:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.234859","cross_lingual_links":{"be":"Нарнія (выдуманая дзяржава)","bg":"Нарния (страна)","en":"Narnia (country)","es":"Narnia (país)","hi":"नार्निया","it":"Regno di Narnia","ja":"ナルニア国","ms":"Negara Narnia","pt":"Nárnia (país)","ru":"Нарния (вымышленное государство)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Dalam seri The Chronicles of Narnia karya C. S. Lewis, Narnia adalah salah satu negara di cerita ini. Narnia adalah salah satu dari beberapa daerah di dunia narnia.\n\nKategori:The Chronicles of Narnia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox fictional country\n|native_name =\n|common_name = Narnia\n|conventional_long_name = Land of Narnia\n|series =\n|continent = [[Narnia (dunia)]]\n|country =\n|event_start =\n|year_start =\n|year_end=\n|p1 =\n|flag_p1 =\n|image_flag = Flag of Narnia.svg\n|image_coat = Coat of arms of Narnia (alternate).svg\n|image_map =\n|map_caption =\n|image_map2 =\n|map_caption2 =\n| source = [[The Chronicles of Narnia]]\n| creator = [[C. S. Lewis]]\n| genre = [[Buku|Buku anak-anak]]\n|capital = [[Cair Paravel]]\n|official_languages = [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]\n|ethnic_groups = [[Telmarines]], [[Dwarf (mitologi)|Dwarfs]], [[Raksasa (mitologi)|Raksasa]], [[Fauns]], [[Centaurus]], [[Nymphs]], [[Marsh-wiggles]], dll.\n|government_type = [[Monarki]]\n|leader_title1 = [[Raja]]\n|leader_name1 = [[Frank I]], [[Gale]], [[Peter Pevensie]], [[Caspian X]], [[Rilian]], [[Tirian]] etc.\n|leader_title2 = Lord [[Regent]]\n|leader_name2 = [[Trumpkin]]\n|population =\n|currency =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam seri The Chronicles of Narnia karya C. S. Lewis, Narnia adalah salah satu negara di cerita ini.","translated_text":"In the Chronicles of Narnia series by C. S. Lewis, Narnia is one of the countries in this story.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Narnia adalah salah satu dari beberapa daerah di dunia narnia.","translated_text":"Narnia is one of the few areas in the world of narnia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Raja dan Ratu Narnia","translated_text":"The King and Queen of Narnia","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n! align=\"center\" width=\"5%\" | Tahun Pemerintahan\n! align=\"center\" width=\"13%\" | Monarki\n! align=\"center\" width=\"10%\" | Catatan\n|-\n| ''[[Narnian timeline|1]]–?''\n|| [[Raja Frank|Frank I]] dan [[Ratu Helen|Helen]]\n|-\n| ''Sebelum 180''\n|| Lima keturunan Frank dan Helen\n|| Semua diberi nama Frank.
Putra kedua mereka adalah raja pertama [[Archenland]].\n|-\n| ''Sebelum 302''\n|| [[Raja Gale dari Narnia|Gale]]\n|| Kaisar pertama dari [[Lone Islands]].\n|-\n| ''Sebelum 900''\n|| [[Swanwhite]]\n|| Tanggal disebutkan dalam ''[[The Last Battle]]''.
Bertentangan dengan garis waktu Lewis yang mengatakan tanggal 1502.\n|-\n| ''900–1000''\n|| [[Penyihir Putih|Jadis]], Ratu Lone Islands (Penyihir Putih)\n|| Memerintah selama musim dingin seratus tahun.\n|-\n| ''1000–1015''\n|| [[Peter Pevensie|Peter]] yang perkasa ([[Raja tertinggi]])
[[Susan Pevensie|Susan]] yang lembut
[[Edmund Pevensie|Edmund]] yang adil
[[Lucy Pevensie|Lucy]] yang berani\n|| Memerintah merangkap sebagai saudara sampai mereka meninggalkan Narnia.\n|-\n| ''1998–?''\n|| [[Daftar karakter The Chronicles of Narnia#C|Caspian I]] sang penakluk\n|| Raja pertama setelah invasi Telmarine.\n|-\n| ''?–2290''\n|| Delapan keturunan Caspian I\n|| All named Caspian.\n|-\n| ''2290–2303''\n|| [[Miraz]], Sang Perampas dan Prunaprismia\n|| Putra Caspian VIII; membunuh saudaranya Caspian IX dan membuang keponakannya (yang menggantikannya sebagai Caspian X).\n|-\n| ''2303–2356''\n|| [[Caspian X]] the Seafarer, the Navigator\n|| Putra Caspian IX dan suami Putri [[Ramandu]].\n|-\n| ''2356–?''\n|| [[Rilian]] the Disenchanted\n|| Putra Caspian X.\n|-\n| ''?''\n|| Lima keturunan Rilian\n|-\n| ''?''\n|| [[Daftar karakter The Chronicles of Narnia#E|Erlian]]\n|| Ayah Tirian.\n|-\n| ''?–2555''\n|| [[Tirian]]\n|| Raja terakhir Narnia sebelum dihancurkan.\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:The Chronicles of Narnia","translated_text":"Categories: The Chronicles of Narnia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Infobox fictional country","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Infobox fictional location]]","hash":"826a03133335d44da3ea44c983104cc5a28c5f9cab25e074f485bd8572715b24","last_revision":"2020-02-02T02:30:02Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T06:58:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.291838","cross_lingual_links":{"bn":"টেমপ্লেট:তথ্যছক কাল্পনিক রাষ্ট্র"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"ALIH Templat:Infobox fictional location\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Infobox fictional location","translated_text":"Template:Infobox fictional location","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Metro Rotterdam","wikicode":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Metro Rotterdam\n|image = RET metro logo.svg\n|imagesize = 90px\n|image2 = File:Metrostation Wilhelminaplein perron 2012.jpg\n|imagesize2 = 250px\n|caption2 = Stasiun metro Wilhelminaplein, Jalur D dan E\n|native_name = ''Rotterdamse metro''\n|locale = [[Rotterdam]], [[Belanda]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]] dan [[Lintas Rel Terpadu|kereta ringan]]\n|began_operation = 9 Februari 1968\n|ended_operation =\n|system_length = {{km to mi|103.1|abbr=yes|precision=1}}\n|lines = 5\n|vehicles =167\n|stations = 70\n|ridership = 271.232 (2019)\n|track_gauge =\n|reporting marks =\n|operator = [[Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram|RET]]\n|owner =\n|map = [[File:Metrokaart Rotterdam per 17 augustus 2010.svg|center|250px]]\n|map_state = \n|annual_ridership=99 juta (2019)|website=[https://www.ret.nl/en ret.nl]|top_speed=100 km/jam}}\n\n'''Metro''' '''Rotterdam''' ([[bahasa Belanda]]: ''Rotterdamse metro'') adalah sistem [[angkutan cepat]] di kota [[Rotterdam]] yang dioperasikan oleh [[Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram|RET]]. Jalur pertama, yang disebut ''Noord–Zuidlijn'' (Jalur Utara–Selatan) dibuka tahun 1968 dan dimulai dari [[Stasiun Rotterdam Centraal]] menuju [[Zuidplein]], menyeberangi sungai [[Nieuwe Maas]] melalui sebuah terowongan. Metro Rotterdam adalah jaringan transportasi massal pertama yang dibuka di [[Belanda]]. Pada waktu itu, jalur ini juga merupakan jalur metro terpendek di dunia dengan panjang hanya {{km to mi|num=5.9|precision=1}}.\n\nPada tahun 1982, jalur kedua dibuka dengan nama ''Oost–Westlijn'' (Jalur Timur–Barat), berjalan antara stasiun [[Capelsebrug]] dan [[Coolhaven]]. Pada akhir 1990, jalur tersebut dinamai dari dua tokoh terkenal dari [[Rotterdam]], Jalur Erasmus (utara–selatan) dari nama [[Desiderius Erasmus]], dan Jalur Caland (timur–barat) dari nama [[Pieter Caland]]. Pada Desember 2009, nama tersebut diganti lagi dengan kombinasi warna dan huruf, untuk mempermudah klasifikasi pada beberapa cabang terutama di jalur Barat–Timur.\n\n== Jalur ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Jalur\n! style=\"width:8em;\" | Rute\n!Stasiun\n! style=\"width:8em;\" | Panjang (km)\n!Penumpang\n!Catatan\n|-\n|''' A '''\n| Binnenhof – Vlaardingen West\n|24\n| 17,2\n| rowspan=\"3\" |~175.000 (gabungan jalur A, B dan C)\n|\n|-\n| '''B''' \n| Nesselande – Hoek van Holland Haven\n|32\n| 42,4\n|\n|-\n| '''C''' \n| De Terp – De Akkers\n|26\n| 30\n|\n|-\n| '''D''' \n| Rotterdam Centraal – De Akkers\n|17\n| 21\n| rowspan=\"2\" |~145.000 (gabungan jalur D dan E)\n|\n|-\n| '''E''' \n| Den Haag Centraal – Slinge\n|23\n| 27\n|Bagian dari [[RandstadRail]]\n|}\n\n=== Jalur A dan B ===\n[[Berkas:Underground Marconiplein (Rotterdam metro), Delfshaven, Rotterdam (2023) 02.jpg|jmpl|Stasiun metro Marconiplein di Jalur A, B, dan C]]\nDi bagian barat daya Rotterdam, Jalur A dan B dipisah dalam jalur menuju [[Binnenhof]] (Jalur A) dan jalur menuju Nesselande (Jalur B). Yang terakhir telah diperpanjang sejak September 2005; sebelum saat itu jalur ini berakhir di De Tochten.\n\nDi utara dari stasiun Capelsebrug, dengan pengecualian di jalur De Tochten-Nesselande, jalur A dan B melewat beberapa perlintasan kereta api (dengan prioritas), dan setelah itu sering disebut sebagai [[Lintas Rel Terpadu|kereta ringan]] daripada metro. Bagian ini juga menggunakan [[listrik aliran atas]], sedangkan sisa dari jaringan menggunakan [[rel ketiga]]. Namun, istilah \"kereta ringan\" (''light rail'') jarang digunakan di Rotterdam, sebagian besar orang juga menyebutnya \"cabang metro\".\n\n=== Jalur C ===\n[[Berkas:Vijfsluizen metrostation 2017.jpg|jmpl|Stasiun metro Vijfsluizen di Jalur C]]\nDi Capelsebrug, jalur di atas bergabung dengan jalur C dari De Terp di [[Capelle aan den IJssel]]. Hingga November 2002, jalur tersebut berhenti di bagian barat Rotterdam, di Marconiplein. Namun, pada 4 November tahun yang sama, perpanjangan dibuka, jalur sekarang berhubungan dengan jalur kereta api utama di stasiun kereta api Schiedam Centrum, memiliki sebuah perhentian di [[Pernis (Belanda)|Pernis]] dan bergabung dengan jalur D di stasiun Tussenwater di [[Hoogvliet]]. Kereta dari jalur A dan B tetap berhenti di Schiedam Centrum, sedangkan kereta jalur C terus bersama kereta dari jalur D, berhenti di stasiun De Akkers di [[Spijkenisse]].\n\n=== Jalur D ===\nJalur D bergerak dari Rotterdam Centraal melalui Beurs, [[Slinge]], Rhoon, [[Tussenwater]], dan Spijkenisse Centrum menuju De Akkers.\n\nJalur D bersilangan dengan jalur A-B-C di stasiun ''Beurs'', satu-satunya persilangan bawah tanah antara jalur metro di Belanda. Hingga persilangan dengan jalur E di Rotterdam Centraal terealisasi, beberapa kereta jalur D akan berhenti di Slinge.\n\n=== Jalur E ===\n[[Berkas:Metrostration Blijdorp Rotterdam 2.jpg|jmpl|Stasiun metro Blijdorp di Jalur E]]\nJalur E merupakan konversi jalur Hofpleinlijn dari jalur kereta api menjadi jalur angkutan cepat pada tahun 2006. Bagian rute antara Laan van NOI dan Leidschendam-Voorburg digunakan bersama dengan kendaraan kereta ringan di dua rute dari jaringan [[Trem di Den Haag|trem Den Haag]] menuju [[Zoetermeer]] melalui Zoetermeer Stadslijn. Semua layanan ini beroperasi di bawah merek [[RandstadRail]].\n\nTerminus utara jalur ini menggunakan bekas peron kereta api di [[Stasiun Den Haag Centraal|Den Haag Centraal]] yang diwarisi dari NS sejak tahun 1975, telah dipindahkan dari terminal sebelumnya di Den Haag HS. Peron ini tetap digunakan hingga 12 Februari 2016. Jalur ini kemudian ditutup antara sini dan Laan Van NOI, sementara pembangunan stasiun baru yang dibangun di jembatan layang yang berdekatan dengan peron kereta api telah selesai. Jalur ini dibuka kembali pada 22 Agustus 2016.[{{Cite web|title=Werkzaamheden aan RandstadRail, route tijdelijk ingekort – Stichting Vitaal Pendrecht|url=https://stichting-vitaalpendrecht.nl/route-van-metro-randstadrail-tijdelijk-ingekort/|language=nl|access-date=2024-03-08}}]\n\n== Armada ==\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Seri\n! Dibuat\n! Nomor kendaraan\n! Manufaktur\n! Status\n! Tenaga penggerak\n! Panjang kendaraan\n! Kabin\n!Gambar\n|-\n| 5000\n| 1966-1967
1970\n| 5001-5027
5051-5066\n| [[Werkspoor]]\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Pensiun\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Rel ketiga]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{m to ft|29|abbr=yes}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2\n|[[Berkas:Blaak oude metro 1.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5100\n| 1974–1975\n| 5101-5126
5151-5152\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Düwag]]\n|[[Berkas:Mk Rotterdam Metro 2.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5200\n| 1980–1984\n| (5201-5271) 5201 + 5229 terbakar pada 2006\n| Rel ketiga
[[Listrik aliran atas|Listrik atas]]\n| {{m to ft|29.8|abbr=yes}}\n|[[Berkas:5262 - Pijnacker Centrum.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5300\n| 1998–2001\n| 5301-5363\n| rowspan=\"5\" | [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]\n| rowspan=\"5\" | '''Beroperasi'''\n| Rel ketiga\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{m to ft|30.5|abbr=yes}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 1\n|[[Berkas:RET Metrorijtuig 5303 na R-NET Mid-Life Revisie.png|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5400\n| 2001–2002\n| 5401-5418\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Rel ketiga
[[Listrik aliran atas|Listrik atas]]\n|[[Berkas:5410 SDC.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5500\n| 2007–2009\n| 5501-5522\n| rowspan=\"3\" | {{m to ft|42|abbr=yes}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2\n|[[Berkas:Rotterdam-metro-5515-den-haag-1-9-2011-fws.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5600\n| 2009–2011\n| 5601-5642\n|[[Berkas:Type SG3 met R-net beschikkering.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n|5700\n|2015–2017\n|5701-5722\n|[[Berkas:HSG3 5701-5702 Nesselande.jpg|200x200px]]\n|}\n\nKereta seri baru 5500, dibuat antara 2007 dan 2009, dibuat untuk RandstadRail jalur E. Kereta 5601-5642 dibangun untuk menggantikan Düwag yang lebih tua (seri 5200).\n\n== Pengembangan masa depan ==\nTahun 2013, jaringan metro akan diperpanjang ke barat menuju [[Hoek van Holland]], saat [[Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram|RET]] mengambil alih jalur kereta dari [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen|NS]]. Karena jalur jarrak jauh diubah menjadi jalur metro, beberapa stasiun tambahan akan dibuat.\n\nSebagai bagian dari proyek \"Stadionpark\", jalur baru antara Zuidplein dan Kralingse Zoom telah direncanakan. Jalur baru ini akan menghindari perlintasan di Beurs. Salah satu opsi adalah percabangan kedua jalur di Wilhelminaplein.\n\n== Tenaga penggerak ==\nKereta bergerak pada tenaga 750 [[volt]] [[Arus searah|DC]] yang disuplai melalui kontak bawah pada [[rel ketiga]] pada sebagian besar jalur. Terdapat kontak pegas multi yang berkontak dengan kampas pada kedua sisi kendaraan, yang terpasang dan lepas secara otomatis di sat akhir rel ketiga. Hal ini memungkinkan rel untuk dipasang di sisi lain jalur, sebuah kebutuhan di sekitar stasiun. Di sana terdapat beberapa rel yang bertumpuk untuk mencegah kereta melambat, sebuah kondisi saat tidak ada sepatu yang berkontak dengan rel ketiga. Untuk menguragi risiko [[korsleting]], rel memiliki material isolator berwarna kuning, sedangkan bagian terbuka terdapat di bagian tipis di bagian bawah. Hal ini juga mencegah gangguan yang mengurangi kontak listrik.\n\nNamun ada dua jalur yang menggunakan [[listrik aliran atas]] ketika melewati bagian timur laut kota di atas tanah. Setelah melewati stasiun Capelsebrug, kereta berbelok menuju Binnenhof (Jalur A) atau Nesselande (jalur B) dan menaikkan pantografnya ketika sedang bergerak. Kereta akan melewati (dengan prioritas) beberapa perlintasan terlindungi di jalan raya. Untuk alasan ini, kereta dengan pantograf (seri 5200 dan 5400) akan dilengkapi dengan lampu sein seperti kendaraan darat. Hal ini memudahkan orang membedakan seri 5300 dan 5400. Catatan bahwa kereta jalur B dari Nesselande akan menggunakan rel ketiga lagi, dari stasiun De Tochten menuju stasiun terakhir Nesselande.\n\n== Galeri ==\n\nBerkas:13-06-27-rotterdam-by-RalfR-79.jpg|Pintu masuk stasiun metro Rotterdam Centraal\nBerkas:Metrostation Schiedam Centrum 2022.jpg|Stasiun metro Schiedam Centrum\nBerkas:Interior of the Eendrachtsplein (Rotterdam metro), Rotterdam-Centrum, Rotterdam (2022) 01.jpg|Stasiun metro Eendrachtsplein\nBerkas:Metrostation Rotterdam Centraal.jpg|Stasiun metro Rotterdam Centraal\n\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[RandstadRail]]\n* [[Trem di Rotterdam]]\n* [[Metro Amsterdam]]\n\n== Bacaan tambahan ==\nJan van Huijksloot and Joachim Kost, ''Veertig jaar Metro in Rotterdam 1968-2008''. Uitgeverij Uquilar, 2008.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.ret.nl/?sc_lang=en Main web site of RET (in English)]\n{{commonscat|Rotterdam metro}}{{Angkutan cepat di Eropa}}\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Holland Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Den Haag]]\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Rotterdam]]\n[[Kategori:Albrandswaard]]\n[[Kategori:Capelle aan den IJssel]]\n[[Kategori:Lansingerland]]\n[[Kategori:Leidschendam-Voorburg]]\n[[Kategori:Nissewaard]]\n[[Kategori:Pijnacker-Nootdorp]]\n[[Kategori:Schiedam]]\n[[Kategori:Transportasi rel di Belanda]]","hash":"dd2689e5522180c4c76c76a170920aca4f681f4a981668f6bb61e749b11d2872","last_revision":"2024-04-02T10:24:20Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T07:01:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.349933","cross_lingual_links":{"be-x-old":"Ратэрдамскі мэтрапалітэн","bg":"Ротердамски метрополитен","bn":"রটার্ডাম মেট্রো","ca":"Metro de Rotterdam","cs":"Metro v Rotterdamu","de":"Metro Rotterdam","el":"Μετρό Ρότερνταμ","en":"Rotterdam Metro","eo":"Metroo de Roterdamo","es":"Metro de Róterdam","eu":"Rotterdamgo metroa","fa":"متروی روتردام","fi":"Rotterdamin metro","fr":"Métro de Rotterdam","hr":"Podzemna željeznica Rotterdam","hu":"Rotterdami metró","it":"Metropolitana di Rotterdam","ja":"ロッテルダム地下鉄","ka":"როტერდამის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"로테르담 지하철","mk":"Ротердамско метро","nl":"Rotterdamse metro","nb":"Rotterdams metro","pl":"Metro w Rotterdamie","pt":"Metro de Roterdão","ro":"Metroul din Rotterdam","ru":"Роттердамский метрополитен","sk":"Rotterdamské metro","sv":"Rotterdams tunnelbana","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินรอตเทอร์ดาม","tr":"Rotterdam Metrosu","uk":"Роттердамський метрополітен","uz":"Rotterdam metropoliteni","vi":"Tàu điện ngầm Rotterdam","wuu":"鹿特丹地铁","zh":"鹿特丹地铁"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Metro Rotterdam (bahasa Belanda: Rotterdamse metro) adalah sistem angkutan cepat di kota Rotterdam yang dioperasikan oleh RET. Jalur pertama, yang disebut Noord–Zuidlijn (Jalur Utara–Selatan) dibuka tahun 1968 dan dimulai dari Stasiun Rotterdam Centraal menuju Zuidplein, menyeberangi sungai Nieuwe Maas melalui sebuah terowongan. Metro Rotterdam adalah jaringan transportasi massal pertama yang dibuka di Belanda. Pada waktu itu, jalur ini juga merupakan jalur metro terpendek di dunia dengan panjang hanya .\n\nPada tahun 1982, jalur kedua dibuka dengan nama Oost–Westlijn (Jalur Timur–Barat), berjalan antara stasiun Capelsebrug dan Coolhaven. Pada akhir 1990, jalur tersebut dinamai dari dua tokoh terkenal dari Rotterdam, Jalur Erasmus (utara–selatan) dari nama Desiderius Erasmus, dan Jalur Caland (timur–barat) dari nama Pieter Caland. Pada Desember 2009, nama tersebut diganti lagi dengan kombinasi warna dan huruf, untuk mempermudah klasifikasi pada beberapa cabang terutama di jalur Barat–Timur.\n\nDi bagian barat daya Rotterdam, Jalur A dan B dipisah dalam jalur menuju Binnenhof (Jalur A) dan jalur menuju Nesselande (Jalur B). Yang terakhir telah diperpanjang sejak September 2005; sebelum saat itu jalur ini berakhir di De Tochten.\n\nDi utara dari stasiun Capelsebrug, dengan pengecualian di jalur De Tochten-Nesselande, jalur A dan B melewat beberapa perlintasan kereta api (dengan prioritas), dan setelah itu sering disebut sebagai kereta ringan daripada metro. Bagian ini juga menggunakan listrik aliran atas, sedangkan sisa dari jaringan menggunakan rel ketiga. Namun, istilah \"kereta ringan\" (light rail) jarang digunakan di Rotterdam, sebagian besar orang juga menyebutnya \"cabang metro\".\n\nDi Capelsebrug, jalur di atas bergabung dengan jalur C dari De Terp di Capelle aan den IJssel. Hingga November 2002, jalur tersebut berhenti di bagian barat Rotterdam, di Marconiplein. Namun, pada 4 November tahun yang sama, perpanjangan dibuka, jalur sekarang berhubungan dengan jalur kereta api utama di stasiun kereta api Schiedam Centrum, memiliki sebuah perhentian di Pernis dan bergabung dengan jalur D di stasiun Tussenwater di Hoogvliet. Kereta dari jalur A dan B tetap berhenti di Schiedam Centrum, sedangkan kereta jalur C terus bersama kereta dari jalur D, berhenti di stasiun De Akkers di Spijkenisse.\n\nJalur D bergerak dari Rotterdam Centraal melalui Beurs, Slinge, Rhoon, Tussenwater, dan Spijkenisse Centrum menuju De Akkers.\n\nJalur D bersilangan dengan jalur A-B-C di stasiun Beurs, satu-satunya persilangan bawah tanah antara jalur metro di Belanda. Hingga persilangan dengan jalur E di Rotterdam Centraal terealisasi, beberapa kereta jalur D akan berhenti di Slinge.\n\nJalur E merupakan konversi jalur Hofpleinlijn dari jalur kereta api menjadi jalur angkutan cepat pada tahun 2006. Bagian rute antara Laan van NOI dan Leidschendam-Voorburg digunakan bersama dengan kendaraan kereta ringan di dua rute dari jaringan trem Den Haag menuju Zoetermeer melalui Zoetermeer Stadslijn. Semua layanan ini beroperasi di bawah merek RandstadRail.\n\nTerminus utara jalur ini menggunakan bekas peron kereta api di Den Haag Centraal yang diwarisi dari NS sejak tahun 1975, telah dipindahkan dari terminal sebelumnya di Den Haag HS. Peron ini tetap digunakan hingga 12 Februari 2016. Jalur ini kemudian ditutup antara sini dan Laan Van NOI, sementara pembangunan stasiun baru yang dibangun di jembatan layang yang berdekatan dengan peron kereta api telah selesai. Jalur ini dibuka kembali pada 22 Agustus 2016.\n\nKereta seri baru 5500, dibuat antara 2007 dan 2009, dibuat untuk RandstadRail jalur E. Kereta 5601-5642 dibangun untuk menggantikan Düwag yang lebih tua (seri 5200).\n\nTahun 2013, jaringan metro akan diperpanjang ke barat menuju Hoek van Holland, saat RET mengambil alih jalur kereta dari NS. Karena jalur jarrak jauh diubah menjadi jalur metro, beberapa stasiun tambahan akan dibuat.\n\nSebagai bagian dari proyek \"Stadionpark\", jalur baru antara Zuidplein dan Kralingse Zoom telah direncanakan. Jalur baru ini akan menghindari perlintasan di Beurs. Salah satu opsi adalah percabangan kedua jalur di Wilhelminaplein.\n\nKereta bergerak pada tenaga 750 volt DC yang disuplai melalui kontak bawah pada rel ketiga pada sebagian besar jalur. Terdapat kontak pegas multi yang berkontak dengan kampas pada kedua sisi kendaraan, yang terpasang dan lepas secara otomatis di sat akhir rel ketiga. Hal ini memungkinkan rel untuk dipasang di sisi lain jalur, sebuah kebutuhan di sekitar stasiun. Di sana terdapat beberapa rel yang bertumpuk untuk mencegah kereta melambat, sebuah kondisi saat tidak ada sepatu yang berkontak dengan rel ketiga. Untuk menguragi risiko korsleting, rel memiliki material isolator berwarna kuning, sedangkan bagian terbuka terdapat di bagian tipis di bagian bawah. Hal ini juga mencegah gangguan yang mengurangi kontak listrik.\n\nNamun ada dua jalur yang menggunakan listrik aliran atas ketika melewati bagian timur laut kota di atas tanah. Setelah melewati stasiun Capelsebrug, kereta berbelok menuju Binnenhof (Jalur A) atau Nesselande (jalur B) dan menaikkan pantografnya ketika sedang bergerak. Kereta akan melewati (dengan prioritas) beberapa perlintasan terlindungi di jalan raya. Untuk alasan ini, kereta dengan pantograf (seri 5200 dan 5400) akan dilengkapi dengan lampu sein seperti kendaraan darat. Hal ini memudahkan orang membedakan seri 5300 dan 5400. Catatan bahwa kereta jalur B dari Nesselande akan menggunakan rel ketiga lagi, dari stasiun De Tochten menuju stasiun terakhir Nesselande.\n\nRandstadRail Trem di Rotterdam Metro Amsterdam\n\nJan van Huijksloot and Joachim Kost, Veertig jaar Metro in Rotterdam 1968-2008. Uitgeverij Uquilar, 2008.\n\nMain web site of RET (in English)\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Holland Selatan Kategori:Transportasi di Den Haag Kategori:Transportasi di Rotterdam Kategori:Albrandswaard Kategori:Capelle aan den IJssel Kategori:Lansingerland Kategori:Leidschendam-Voorburg Kategori:Nissewaard Kategori:Pijnacker-Nootdorp Kategori:Schiedam Kategori:Transportasi rel di Belanda\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Metro Rotterdam\n|image = RET metro logo.svg\n|imagesize = 90px\n|image2 = File:Metrostation Wilhelminaplein perron 2012.jpg\n|imagesize2 = 250px\n|caption2 = Stasiun metro Wilhelminaplein, Jalur D dan E\n|native_name = ''Rotterdamse metro''\n|locale = [[Rotterdam]], [[Belanda]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]] dan [[Lintas Rel Terpadu|kereta ringan]]\n|began_operation = 9 Februari 1968\n|ended_operation =\n|system_length = {{km to mi|103.1|abbr=yes|precision=1}}\n|lines = 5\n|vehicles =167\n|stations = 70\n|ridership = 271.232 (2019)\n|track_gauge =\n|reporting marks =\n|operator = [[Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram|RET]]\n|owner =\n|map = [[File:Metrokaart Rotterdam per 17 augustus 2010.svg|center|250px]]\n|map_state = \n|annual_ridership=99 juta (2019)|website=[https://www.ret.nl/en ret.nl]|top_speed=100 km/jam}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metro Rotterdam (bahasa Belanda: Rotterdamse metro) adalah sistem angkutan cepat di kota Rotterdam yang dioperasikan oleh RET.","translated_text":"Rotterdam Metro (Dutch: Rotterdamse metro) is a rapid transit system in the city of Rotterdam operated by RET.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur pertama, yang disebut Noord–Zuidlijn (Jalur Utara–Selatan) dibuka tahun 1968 dan dimulai dari Stasiun Rotterdam Centraal menuju Zuidplein, menyeberangi sungai Nieuwe Maas melalui sebuah terowongan.","translated_text":"The first line, called Noord ⁇ Zuidlijn (North ⁇ South Line) opened in 1968 and started from Rotterdam Centraal Station to Zuidplein, crossing the Nieuwe Maas river through a tunnel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metro Rotterdam adalah jaringan transportasi massal pertama yang dibuka di Belanda.","translated_text":"The Rotterdam Metro was the first mass transport network to open in the Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada waktu itu, jalur ini juga merupakan jalur metro terpendek di dunia dengan panjang hanya .","translated_text":"At the time, it was also the shortest metro line in the world by length only.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1982, jalur kedua dibuka dengan nama Oost–Westlijn (Jalur Timur–Barat), berjalan antara stasiun Capelsebrug dan Coolhaven.","translated_text":"In 1982, a second line was opened under the name Oost ⁇ Westlijn (East ⁇ West Line), running between Capelsebrug and Coolhaven stations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhir 1990, jalur tersebut dinamai dari dua tokoh terkenal dari Rotterdam, Jalur Erasmus (utara–selatan) dari nama Desiderius Erasmus, dan Jalur Caland (timur–barat) dari nama Pieter Caland.","translated_text":"In late 1990, the line was named after two prominent figures from Rotterdam, the Erasmus Line (north ⁇ south) after Desiderius Erasmus, and the Caland Line (east ⁇ west) after Pieter Caland.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada Desember 2009, nama tersebut diganti lagi dengan kombinasi warna dan huruf, untuk mempermudah klasifikasi pada beberapa cabang terutama di jalur Barat–Timur.","translated_text":"In December 2009, the name was again changed to a combination of colors and letters, to facilitate classification on some branches especially in the West ⁇ East line.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur","translated_text":"The trail","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Jalur\n! style=\"width:8em;\" | Rute\n!Stasiun\n! style=\"width:8em;\" | Panjang (km)\n!Penumpang\n!Catatan\n|-\n|''' A '''\n| Binnenhof – Vlaardingen West\n|24\n| 17,2\n| rowspan=\"3\" |~175.000 (gabungan jalur A, B dan C)\n|\n|-\n| '''B''' \n| Nesselande – Hoek van Holland Haven\n|32\n| 42,4\n|\n|-\n| '''C''' \n| De Terp – De Akkers\n|26\n| 30\n|\n|-\n| '''D''' \n| Rotterdam Centraal – De Akkers\n|17\n| 21\n| rowspan=\"2\" |~145.000 (gabungan jalur D dan E)\n|\n|-\n| '''E''' \n| Den Haag Centraal – Slinge\n|23\n| 27\n|Bagian dari [[RandstadRail]]\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur A dan B","translated_text":"Lines A and B","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di bagian barat daya Rotterdam, Jalur A dan B dipisah dalam jalur menuju Binnenhof (Jalur A) dan jalur menuju Nesselande (Jalur B).","translated_text":"In the southwestern part of Rotterdam, Lines A and B are separated in a line to Binnenhof (Line A) and a line to Nesselande (Line B).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang terakhir telah diperpanjang sejak September 2005; sebelum saat itu jalur ini berakhir di De Tochten.","translated_text":"The latter has been extended since September 2005; before that the line ended at De Tochten.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di utara dari stasiun Capelsebrug, dengan pengecualian di jalur De Tochten-Nesselande, jalur A dan B melewat beberapa perlintasan kereta api (dengan prioritas), dan setelah itu sering disebut sebagai kereta ringan daripada metro.","translated_text":"To the north of Capelsebrug station, with the exception of the De Tochten-Nesselande line, lines A and B pass several railway crossings (with priority), and after that are often referred to as light trains rather than metro.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini juga menggunakan listrik aliran atas, sedangkan sisa dari jaringan menggunakan rel ketiga.","translated_text":"This section also uses upstream electricity, while the rest of the network uses a third rail.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, istilah \"kereta ringan\" (light rail) jarang digunakan di Rotterdam, sebagian besar orang juga menyebutnya \"cabang metro\".","translated_text":"However, the term \"light rail\" is rarely used in Rotterdam, and most people also refer to it as a \"metro branch\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur C","translated_text":"Line C","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Capelsebrug, jalur di atas bergabung dengan jalur C dari De Terp di Capelle aan den IJssel.","translated_text":"At Capelsebrug, the line above joins with the C line from De Terp in Capelle aan den IJssel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hingga November 2002, jalur tersebut berhenti di bagian barat Rotterdam, di Marconiplein.","translated_text":"Until November 2002, the line stopped in the western part of Rotterdam, at Marconiplein.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, pada 4 November tahun yang sama, perpanjangan dibuka, jalur sekarang berhubungan dengan jalur kereta api utama di stasiun kereta api Schiedam Centrum, memiliki sebuah perhentian di Pernis dan bergabung dengan jalur D di stasiun Tussenwater di Hoogvliet.","translated_text":"However, on 4 November of the same year, the extension was opened, the line now connected to the main railway line at Schiedam Centrum railway station, had a stop in Pernis and joined the line D at Tussenwater station in Hoogvliet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kereta dari jalur A dan B tetap berhenti di Schiedam Centrum, sedangkan kereta jalur C terus bersama kereta dari jalur D, berhenti di stasiun De Akkers di Spijkenisse.","translated_text":"Trains from lines A and B continue to stop at Schiedam Centrum, while trains from line C continue with trains from line D, stopping at De Akkers station in Spijkenisse.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur D","translated_text":"Line D","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur D bergerak dari Rotterdam Centraal melalui Beurs, Slinge, Rhoon, Tussenwater, dan Spijkenisse Centrum menuju De Akkers.","translated_text":"Line D runs from Rotterdam Centraal through Beurs, Slinge, Rhoon, Tussenwater, and the Spijkenisse Centre to De Akkers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur D bersilangan dengan jalur A-B-C di stasiun Beurs, satu-satunya persilangan bawah tanah antara jalur metro di Belanda.","translated_text":"Line D intersects with line A-B-C at Beurs station, the only underground junction between metro lines in the Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hingga persilangan dengan jalur E di Rotterdam Centraal terealisasi, beberapa kereta jalur D akan berhenti di Slinge.","translated_text":"Until the junction with line E at Rotterdam Centraal is completed, some trains of line D will stop at Slinge.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur E","translated_text":"Line E","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur E merupakan konversi jalur Hofpleinlijn dari jalur kereta api menjadi jalur angkutan cepat pada tahun 2006.","translated_text":"The E line was the conversion of the Hofpleinlijn line from a railway line to a rapid transit line in 2006.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian rute antara Laan van NOI dan Leidschendam-Voorburg digunakan bersama dengan kendaraan kereta ringan di dua rute dari jaringan trem Den Haag menuju Zoetermeer melalui Zoetermeer Stadslijn.","translated_text":"The part of the route between Laan van NOI and Leidschendam-Voorburg is used together with light rail vehicles on two routes from the tram network of The Hague to Zoetermeer via Zoetermeer Stadslijn.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua layanan ini beroperasi di bawah merek RandstadRail.","translated_text":"All these services operate under the RandstadRail brand.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terminus utara jalur ini menggunakan bekas peron kereta api di Den Haag Centraal yang diwarisi dari NS sejak tahun 1975, telah dipindahkan dari terminal sebelumnya di Den Haag HS.","translated_text":"The northern terminus of the line uses the former railway platform at The Hague Centraal which was inherited from NS since 1975, having been moved from the previous terminal at The Hague HS.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peron ini tetap digunakan hingga 12 Februari 2016.","translated_text":"The platform remained in use until 12 February 2016.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini kemudian ditutup antara sini dan Laan Van NOI, sementara pembangunan stasiun baru yang dibangun di jembatan layang yang berdekatan dengan peron kereta api telah selesai.","translated_text":"The line was then closed between here and Laan Van NOI, while construction of a new station built on a delivery bridge adjacent to the railway platform was completed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini dibuka kembali pada 22 Agustus 2016.","translated_text":"The line reopened on 22 August 2016.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Werkzaamheden aan RandstadRail, route tijdelijk ingekort – Stichting Vitaal Pendrecht|url=https://stichting-vitaalpendrecht.nl/route-van-metro-randstadrail-tijdelijk-ingekort/|language=nl|access-date=2024-03-08}}]","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"https://stichting-vitaalpendrecht.nl/route-van-metro-randstadrail-tijdelijk-ingekort/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":318,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:23.893733-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Armada","translated_text":"Fleet","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Seri\n! Dibuat\n! Nomor kendaraan\n! Manufaktur\n! Status\n! Tenaga penggerak\n! Panjang kendaraan\n! Kabin\n!Gambar\n|-\n| 5000\n| 1966-1967
1970\n| 5001-5027
5051-5066\n| [[Werkspoor]]\n| rowspan=\"3\" | Pensiun\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Rel ketiga]]\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{m to ft|29|abbr=yes}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2\n|[[Berkas:Blaak oude metro 1.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5100\n| 1974–1975\n| 5101-5126
5151-5152\n| rowspan=\"2\" | [[Düwag]]\n|[[Berkas:Mk Rotterdam Metro 2.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5200\n| 1980–1984\n| (5201-5271) 5201 + 5229 terbakar pada 2006\n| Rel ketiga
[[Listrik aliran atas|Listrik atas]]\n| {{m to ft|29.8|abbr=yes}}\n|[[Berkas:5262 - Pijnacker Centrum.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5300\n| 1998–2001\n| 5301-5363\n| rowspan=\"5\" | [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]]\n| rowspan=\"5\" | '''Beroperasi'''\n| Rel ketiga\n| rowspan=\"2\" | {{m to ft|30.5|abbr=yes}}\n| rowspan=\"2\" | 1\n|[[Berkas:RET Metrorijtuig 5303 na R-NET Mid-Life Revisie.png|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5400\n| 2001–2002\n| 5401-5418\n| rowspan=\"4\" | Rel ketiga
[[Listrik aliran atas|Listrik atas]]\n|[[Berkas:5410 SDC.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5500\n| 2007–2009\n| 5501-5522\n| rowspan=\"3\" | {{m to ft|42|abbr=yes}}\n| rowspan=\"3\" | 2\n|[[Berkas:Rotterdam-metro-5515-den-haag-1-9-2011-fws.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n| 5600\n| 2009–2011\n| 5601-5642\n|[[Berkas:Type SG3 met R-net beschikkering.jpg|200x200px]]\n|-\n|5700\n|2015–2017\n|5701-5722\n|[[Berkas:HSG3 5701-5702 Nesselande.jpg|200x200px]]\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kereta seri baru 5500, dibuat antara 2007 dan 2009, dibuat untuk RandstadRail jalur E. Kereta 5601-5642 dibangun untuk menggantikan Düwag yang lebih tua (seri 5200).","translated_text":"The new 5500 series train, made between 2007 and 2009, was made for RandstadRail line E. The 5601-5642 train was built to replace the older Düwag (5200 series).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengembangan masa depan","translated_text":"Future development","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 2013, jaringan metro akan diperpanjang ke barat menuju Hoek van Holland, saat RET mengambil alih jalur kereta dari NS.","translated_text":"In 2013, the metro network will be extended to the west towards Hoek van Holland, when RET takes over the railway line from NS.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena jalur jarrak jauh diubah menjadi jalur metro, beberapa stasiun tambahan akan dibuat.","translated_text":"As the long-distance runway is converted to a metro line, several additional stations will be built.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai bagian dari proyek \"Stadionpark\", jalur baru antara Zuidplein dan Kralingse Zoom telah direncanakan.","translated_text":"As part of the \"Stadionpark\" project, a new line between Zuidplein and Kralingse Zoom has been planned.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur baru ini akan menghindari perlintasan di Beurs.","translated_text":"This new track will avoid the race at the Beurs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu opsi adalah percabangan kedua jalur di Wilhelminaplein.","translated_text":"One option is to branch the two lines at Wilhelminaplein.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tenaga penggerak","translated_text":"The driving force","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kereta bergerak pada tenaga 750 volt DC yang disuplai melalui kontak bawah pada rel ketiga pada sebagian besar jalur.","translated_text":"The train is powered by 750 volts of DC power which is supplied via downward contact on the third rail on most tracks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat kontak pegas multi yang berkontak dengan kampas pada kedua sisi kendaraan, yang terpasang dan lepas secara otomatis di sat akhir rel ketiga.","translated_text":"There is a multi-speed contact that contacts the compass on both sides of the vehicle, which is automatically attached and detached at the end of the third rail.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini memungkinkan rel untuk dipasang di sisi lain jalur, sebuah kebutuhan di sekitar stasiun.","translated_text":"This allowed the railway to be installed on the other side of the line, a necessity around the station.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sana terdapat beberapa rel yang bertumpuk untuk mencegah kereta melambat, sebuah kondisi saat tidak ada sepatu yang berkontak dengan rel ketiga.","translated_text":"There are a few rails piled up to prevent the train from slowing down, a condition when no shoes are in contact with the third rail.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk menguragi risiko korsleting, rel memiliki material isolator berwarna kuning, sedangkan bagian terbuka terdapat di bagian tipis di bagian bawah.","translated_text":"To mitigate the risk of corrosion, the rail has yellow insulating material, whereas the open section is in the thin section at the bottom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini juga mencegah gangguan yang mengurangi kontak listrik.","translated_text":"It also prevents interference that reduces electrical contact.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Namun ada dua jalur yang menggunakan listrik aliran atas ketika melewati bagian timur laut kota di atas tanah.","translated_text":"However, there are two tracks that use upstream electricity when passing through the northeastern part of the city above ground.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah melewati stasiun Capelsebrug, kereta berbelok menuju Binnenhof (Jalur A) atau Nesselande (jalur B) dan menaikkan pantografnya ketika sedang bergerak.","translated_text":"After passing Capelsebrug station, the train turns towards Binnenhof (Line A) or Nesselande (Line B) and raises its pantograph as it moves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kereta akan melewati (dengan prioritas) beberapa perlintasan terlindungi di jalan raya.","translated_text":"The train will pass (with priority) some of the protected crossings on the highway.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk alasan ini, kereta dengan pantograf (seri 5200 dan 5400) akan dilengkapi dengan lampu sein seperti kendaraan darat.","translated_text":"For this reason, trains with pantographs (series 5200 and 5400) will be equipped with land-based lights.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini memudahkan orang membedakan seri 5300 dan 5400.","translated_text":"It makes it easy for people to tell the difference between the 5300 and 5400 series.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Catatan bahwa kereta jalur B dari Nesselande akan menggunakan rel ketiga lagi, dari stasiun De Tochten menuju stasiun terakhir Nesselande.","translated_text":"Note that the B line train from Nesselande will use the third rail again, from De Tochten station to Nesselande's last station.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Galeri","translated_text":"Gallery","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"RandstadRail Trem di Rotterdam Metro Amsterdam","translated_text":"RandstadRail Tram in the Rotterdam Metro Amsterdam","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bacaan tambahan","translated_text":"Further reading","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jan van Huijksloot and Joachim Kost, Veertig jaar Metro in Rotterdam 1968-2008.","translated_text":"Jan van Huijksloot and Joachim Kost, Veertig jaar Metro in Rotterdam from 1968 to 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uitgeverij Uquilar, 2008.","translated_text":"I'm not going to lie to you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Main web site of RET (in English)","translated_text":"Main website of RET (in English)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Holland Selatan Kategori:Transportasi di Den Haag Kategori:Transportasi di Rotterdam Kategori:Albrandswaard Kategori:Capelle aan den IJssel Kategori:Lansingerland Kategori:Leidschendam-Voorburg Kategori:Nissewaard Kategori:Pijnacker-Nootdorp Kategori:Schiedam Kategori:Transportasi rel di Belanda","translated_text":"The following is a list of railway stations in the Netherlands. The following is a list of railway stations in the Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Peron ini tetap digunakan hingga 12 Februari 2016. Jalur ini kemudian ditutup antara sini dan Laan Van NOI, sementara pembangunan stasiun baru yang dibangun di jembatan layang yang berdekatan dengan peron kereta api telah selesai. Jalur ini dibuka kembali pada 22 Agustus 2016.","translated_text":"The platform remained in use until 12 February 2016. The line was then closed between here and Laan Van NOI, while construction of a new station built on a delivery bridge adjacent to the railway platform was completed. The line reopened on 22 August 2016.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|title=Werkzaamheden aan RandstadRail, route tijdelijk ingekort – Stichting Vitaal Pendrecht|url=https://stichting-vitaalpendrecht.nl/route-van-metro-randstadrail-tijdelijk-ingekort/|language=nl|access-date=2024-03-08}}]","char_index":277,"name":null,"url":"https://stichting-vitaalpendrecht.nl/route-van-metro-randstadrail-tijdelijk-ingekort/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":318,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:23.893733-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Suku bangsa di Kazakhstan","wikicode":"[[Kategori:Suku bangsa menurut negara|Kazakhstan]]\n[[Kategori:Demografi Kazakhstan]]","hash":"731833bb19a246ce86fd2860d49c877703581478900498350b0c367aa5d82499","last_revision":"2013-04-06T13:24:19Z","first_revision":null,"first_revision_access_date":null,"cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kazakhstan Kategori:Demografi Kazakhstan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kazakhstan Kategori:Demografi Kazakhstan","translated_text":"Kazakhstan Category:Demographics of Kazakhstan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Demografi Kazakhstan","wikicode":"{{Commonscat|Demographics of Kazakhstan}}\n{{demografinegara|Kazakhstan}}","hash":"6a110fc9269592986d67ba78da81a7806d70c10fe85ca21fe9d629dc26bae4a7","last_revision":"2016-02-03T11:59:51Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T07:36:22Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.461399","cross_lingual_links":{"ab":"Акатегориа:Ҟазахсҭан ауааԥсыра","af":"Kategorie:Demografie van Kasakstan","an":"Categoría:Demografía de Cazaquistán","ar":"تصنيف:التركيبة السكانية في كازاخستان","az":"Kateqoriya:Qazaxıstan əhalisi","ba":"Категория:Ҡаҙағстан халҡы","be":"Катэгорыя:Насельніцтва Казахстана","be-x-old":"Катэгорыя:Насельніцтва Казахстану","bg":"Категория:Население на Казахстан","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:কাজাখস্তানের জনপরিসংখ্যান","cv":"Категори:Казахстанри пурăнан халăх","cy":"Categori:Demograffeg Casachstan","de":"Kategorie:Demografie (Kasachstan)","el":"Κατηγορία:Δημογραφία του Καζακστάν","en":"Category:Demographics of Kazakhstan","es":"Categoría:Demografía de Kazajistán","fa":"رده:آمارگیریهای نفوس قزاقستان","fr":"Catégorie:Démographie au Kazakhstan","gl":"Categoría:Demografía de Kazakhstán","he":"קטגוריה:קזחסטן: דמוגרפיה","hr":"Kategorija:Demografija Kazahstana","hy":"Կատեգորիա:Ղազախստանի բնակչություն","ka":"კატეგორია:ყაზახეთის მოსახლეობა","kk":"Санат:Қазақстан тұрғындары","ko":"분류:카자흐스탄의 인구","mk":"Категорија:Демографија на Казахстан","pt":"Categoria:Demografia do Cazaquistão","ru":"Категория:На��еление Казахстана","sk":"Kategória:Demografia Kazachstanu","tr":"Kategori:Kazakistan demografisi","uk":"Категорія:Населення Казахстану","ur":"زمرہ:آبادیات قازقستان","zh":"Category:哈萨克斯坦人口"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:Masyarakat Kazakhstan","wikicode":"{{masyarakatnegara|negara=Kazakhstan|benua=Asia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Masyarakat Eropa|Kazakhstan]]","hash":"ce519ef1cba1845b0cb5741fd1fb18487e799db21b3debdc68933072e7c438e5","last_revision":"2021-10-28T20:44:58Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T07:43:22Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.515098","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Categoría:Sociedat de Cazaquistán","ar":"تصنيف:مجتمع كازاخي","az":"Kateqoriya:Qazaxıstan cəmiyyəti","be":"Катэгорыя:Грамадства Казахстана","bn":"বিষয়শ্রেণী:কাজাখস্তানি সমাজ","ckb":"پۆل:کۆمەڵگای کازاخی","cs":"Kategorie:Kazachstánská společnost","cv":"Категори:Казахстанри пĕрлĕх","cy":"Categori:Cymdeithas Casachstan","de":"Kategorie:Gesellschaft (Kasachstan)","el":"Κατηγορία:Κοινωνία του Καζακστάν","en":"Category:Society of Kazakhstan","es":"Categoría:Sociedad de Kazajistán","eu":"Kategoria:Kazakhstango gizartea","fa":"رده:جامعه قزاقستان","fr":"Catégorie:Société kazakhe","ja":"Category:カザフスタンの社会","ko":"분류:카자흐스탄의 사회","ku":"Kategorî:Civaka Qazaxistanê","mk":"Категорија:Казашко општество","mn":"Ангилал:Казахстаны нийгэм","pt":"Categoria:Sociedade do Cazaquistão","ru":"Категория:Общество Казахстана","sh":"Kategorija:Društvo u Kazahstanu","sk":"Kategória:Spoločnosť v Kazachstane","sv":"Kategori:Kazakstans samhälle","uk":"Категорія:Суспільство Казахстану","ur":"زمرہ:قازقستانی معاشرہ","vi":"Thể loại:Xã hội Kazakhstan","zh":"Category:哈萨克斯坦社会"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Kazakhstan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kazakhstan","translated_text":"Kazakhstan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Copsychus saularis","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kucica kampung]]","hash":"19a479cf5b1586a0dbe551834ad5a2ad1774fc38a12268434d0515d5b56d4a38","last_revision":"2012-12-12T04:00:17Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T07:45:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.571717","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kucica kampung\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kucica kampung","translated_text":"When I wash the village","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Adam dan Hawa","wikicode":"{{untuk|serial televisi Indonesia|Adam & Hawa (acara televisi)}}\n[[Berkas:Niedersächsischer Meister 001.jpg|jmpl|ka|Lukisan yang menggambarkan Adam dan Hawa.]]\n\nDalam kepercayaan [[agama Abrahamik]], '''Adam dan Hawa''' adalah kedua sosok yang diyakini sebagai pasangan manusia pertama di bumi dan keseluruhan manusia modern ini diyakini merupakan keturunan dari mereka berdua. Garis besar kisah mereka sama antara yang tertuang dalam [[Alkitab]] dan [[Al-Qur'an]], meski terdapat beberapa perbedaan. Kisah Adam dan Hawa memengaruhi pandangan masyarakat penganut agama Abrahamik; baik terkait manusia, gender, dan identitas.\n\n== Kisah ==\n{{artikel|Adam|Hawa}}\nDalam [[Tanakh]] (kitab suci Yahudi) dan [[Alkitab]] (kitab suci Kristen) termuat pada [[Kitab Kejadian]] (Beresyit) pasal 2-5. Selain dari kitab suci, kisah Adam juga terdapat dalam beberapa riwayat [[hadits]] dan [[literatur Rabinik]]. Sedangkan dalam [[Al-Qur'an]] (kitab suci Islam), kisah Adam termaktub dalam surah Al-Baqarah (2): 30-39, Al-A'raf (07): 11-25, Al-Hijr (15): 26-44, Al-Isra' (17): 61-65, Thaha (20): 115-126, dan Shad (38): 67-88.\n\nMeski secara garis besar sama, ada perbedaan di antara Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an mengenai kisah Adam.\n* Kisah penciptaan Adam Kisah Adam dalam Alkitab diawali dengan Allah menciptakan alam semesta beserta isinya.[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 1: 1-31}}]\n* Alkitab menerangkan bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan menurut rupa dan gambar Allah,[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 1: 26}}] sedangkan Al-Qur'an menyatakan bahwa tidak ada yang serupa dengan Allah.[Asy-Syura (42): 11]. Kisah penciptaan Adam dalam Al-Qur'an diawali dengan percakapan antara Allah dan para malaikat. Allah menyatakan hendak menciptakan manusia yang berperan sebagai khalifah (wakil, penerus) di bumi, tetapi malaikat memandang bahwa mereka yang lebih pantas menerima peran tersebut karena mereka selalu bertasbih pada Allah, sedangkan manusia dipandang hanya akan merusak bumi dan menumpahkan darah di sana.[Al-Baqarah (02): 30] Alkitab tidak menyertakan percakapan ini.\n* Dalam Alkitab disebutkan bahwa Allah meminta Adam memberi nama hewan-hewan.[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 2: 19-20}}]. Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan nama segala sesuatu pada Adam, [Al-Baqarah (02): 31]\n* Al-Qur'an menjelaskan bahwa Allah memerintahkan para malaikat untuk bersujud kepada Adam. Para malaikat melakukannya, tetapi iblis menolak sehingga dia diusir dari surga.[Al-A'raf (07): 13][Al-Hijr (15): 34-35] Kisah ini tidak terdapat dalam Alkitab.\n* Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa saat Adam tidur, Allah menciptakan Hawa dari tulang rusuknya.[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 2: 21-24}}] Al-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan mengenai penciptaan Hawa, tetapi ayat Al-Qur'an yang menyatakan bahwa manusia diciptakan \"dari diri yang satu dan Allah menciptakan pasangannya dari dirinya\"[An-Nisa' (04): 01][Al-A'raf (07): 189] ditafsirkan sebagai penciptaan Hawa yang berasal dari bagian Adam. Salah satu riwayat hadits menyebutkan bahwa wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk.[\"Bersikaplah yang baik kepada wanita, karena wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk, dan tulang rusuk yang paling bengkok adalah bagian paling atas. Jika kalian luruskan dengan keras, akan patah. Sebaliknya, jika kalian biarkan akan selalu bengkok. Karena itu, bersikaplah yang baik kepada wanita.\" (HR. Bukhari 3331 & Muslim 1468)]\n* Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa ular membujuk Hawa memakan buah terlarang. Setelah memakannya, Hawa kemudian membujuk Adam agar ikut memakannya juga. Setelahnya, Allah kemudian mengutuk ular dan membuatnya berjalan menggunakan perut seumur hidup, menghukum Hawa dengan memberikan kepayahan saat mengandung dan melahirkan dan membuat suaminya berkuasa atasnya, dan menghukum Adam dengan menjadikannya bersusah payah mencari rezeki dari tanah sampai dia sendiri kembali menjadi tanah.[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 3: 14-19}}] Al-Qur'an tidak menyebutkan mengenai rincian hukuman yang masing-masing mereka terima, juga tidak menyebutkan bahwa Hawa memakan buah terlarang lebih dulu dari Adam. Al-Qur'an hanya menyebutkan bahwa keduanya bersalah.\n\n== Kedudukan ==\nPandangan umum dalam agama Abrahamik adalah bahwa Adam dan Hawa merupakan manusia pertama dan semua manusia modern ini merupakan keturunan mereka.\n\n[[Gereja Katolik]] mengakui Adam dan Hawa sebagai [[santo]] dan [[santa]].[Steve Ray, \"St[s]. Adam and Eve, St. Abraham, St. Moses–Did You Know Some Old Testament People Are Saints?\", https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ |date=2019-07-21 }}; confer ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 61.] Pesta liturgi tradisional untuk Adam dan Hawa dirayakan pada 24 Desember sejak Abad Pertengahan.\n\nIslam mengakui Adam sebagai [[Nabi dan Rasul|nabi]] dan termasuk dalam daftar 25 nabi. Al-Asy'ari berpendapat bahwa Hawa adalah seorang nabiah (nabi perempuan).[Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447] Beberapa ulama yang mendukung adanya nabiah antara lain [[Ibnu Hazm]], [[Al-Qurthubi]], dan [[Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari]].[Ibnu Hazm, al-Fashl fi al-Milal wa an-Nihal 2/60][Lawami'ul Anwar Al-Bahiyah: 2/66] Meski demikian, kebanyakan ulama berpendapat bahwa sebagaimana tidak ada perempuan yang menjadi rasul, maka juga tidak ada perempuan yang diangkat menjadi nabi.\n\nMenurut pandangan [[Baha'i]], Adam adalah perwujudan [[Allah]] yang pertama dalam sejarah.[{{cite book|last= Taherzadeh|first= Adib|year= 1972|title= ''The Covenant of Baha'u'llah''|publisher= George Ronald|location=[[Oxford]], [[Inggris]]|id= ISBN 0-85398-344-5|pages= hlm. 32}}] Penganut [[Baha'i]] meyakini bahwa Adam memulai siklus Adamik yang berlangsung selama 6.000 tahun dan berpuncak pada [[Nabi Muhammad]].[Surat yang ditulis atas nama ''Universal House of Justice'' kepada setiap umat pada tanggal [[13 Maret]] [[1986]]. {{cite book|first=Shoghi|last=Effendi|authorlink= Shoghi Effendi|coauthors= The Universal House of Justice|editor= Hornby, Helen (editor)|year= 1983|title= ''Lights of Guidance: A Baha'i Reference File''|publisher= Baha'i Publishing Trust, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]|id= ISBN 81-85091-46-3|url= http://bahai-library.com/?file=hornby_lights_guidance|pages = hlm. 500}}]\n\n== Dosa asal ==\n{{artikel|Dosa asal}}\n\nDalam doktrin Kristen, peristiwa Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang memicu yang kemudian disebut dosa asal. [[Katekismus Gereja Katolik]] (KGK) 377 menuliskan yang intinya bahwa awalnya manusia diciptakan sempurna, seluruh kodratnya utuh dan teratur, bebas dari kecenderungan jahat yang membuatnya terikat pada kenikmatan [[panca indera|inderawi]].[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm#IV |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=Man |publisher=Holy See}}] Namun Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang membuat kodrat manusia yang sempurna tersebut rusak, karunia keadilan dan kesucian dari Allah yang terdapat dalam diri manusia menjadi berkurang dan kekurangan ini menurun pada keturunan mereka. Kekurangan tersebut yang dinamakan \"dosa asal\" (KGK 416-417).[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}] Dosa asal tersebut mengakibatkan kodrat manusia rusak dan melemah dari yang seharusnya, tetapi kodratnya tidak sepenuhnya rusak (KGK 405).[{{cite web |url=http://katolisitas.org/218/masih-perlukah-sakramen-pengakuan-dosa-bagian-1 |title=Masih Perlukah Sakramen Pengakuan Dosa (Bagian 1) ? |publisher=katolisitas.org}}]\n* Rahmat kekudusan\n* Empat berkat yang terdiri dari:\n# keabadian, yakni manusia diyakini diciptakan bersifat abadi dan dosa asal membuat manusia dapat mengalami kematian.\n# tidak adanya penderitaan\n# pengetahuan akan Tuhan\n# keutuhan, yaitu harmoni antara nafsu kedagingan dan akal budi. Hilangnya berkat keutuhan menyebabkan manusia kesulitan menundukkan keinginan dagingnya pada akal budinya, sehingga manusia memiliki kecenderungan untuk berbuat dosa atau [[konkupisensi]] (KGK 405-418).[Babylonian Talmud. Tractate ''Shabbat'' 55b.] percaya bahwa kematian merupakan hukuman pada manusia lantaran dosa Adam, hal itu bukan pandangan mayoritas Yahudi sekarang. Yahudi modern mengajarkan bahwa manusia lahir dalam keadaan bebas dan suci, dan berbuat dosa atas pilihan mereka sendiri.[{{cite book |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Original_Sin.html |contribution=Judaism's Rejection Of Original Sin |work=Jewish Virtual Library |via=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |authorlink= |last=Kolatch |first=Alfred J. |title=The Jewish Book of Why/The Second Jewish Book of Why |location=New York |publisher=Jonathan David Publishers |year=1989 |quote=Sementara ada beberapa guru Yahudi di zaman Talmud yang percaya bahwa kematian adalah hukuman yang ditanggung atas manusia karena dosa Adam, pandangan dominan adalah bahwa manusia berdosa karena ia bukan makhluk yang sempurna, dan bukan, seperti yang diajarkan agama Kristen, karena ia adalah secara inheren berdosa.}}]\n\nDalam Islam juga tidak ditemukan adanya kepercayaan ini.[{{cite web|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/ |title=Islamic beliefs about human nature |publisher=ReligionFacts |date=20 November 2016 |accessdate=24 January 2017}}][{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2004|title=Repentance - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25|quote=}}] Di Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa meski bersalah, Adam dan Hawa bertaubat dan telah menerima pengampunan.[Al-Baqarah (02): 37][John L. Esposito (2004). ''The Oxford dictionary of Islam''. [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 295][{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47|title=Adam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25|quote=Manusia pertama. Diciptakan untuk menjadi wakil Allah (pelayan) di bumi. Al-Quran mencatat kejatuhan Adam dari kasih karunia sebagai akibat dari ketidaktaatan pada perintah-perintah Allah, tetapi, tidak seperti tradisi Kristen, kejatuhan itu tidak disertai “dosa asal” yang diturunkan kepada seluruh umat manusia. Tuhan memaafkan Adam ketika dia bertobat dan berbalik dari ketidakpercayaan.}}]\n\n== Identitas dan peran gender ==\nPandangan mengenai Hawa acapkali menjadi acuan bagi peran dan kedudukan perempuan secara umum dalam agama dan masyarakat, utamanya pada masyarakat Barat [[Abad Pertengahan]]. Sarjana Timur Dekat Carol Lyons Meyers menyatakan bahwa kisah Hawa merupakan bagian [[Alkitab]] yang paling memengaruhi gagasan masyarakat Barat terkait gender dan identitas.[{{cite book | last =Meyers | first = Carol | title =Discovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women in Context | url =https://archive.org/details/discoveringevean0000meye | publisher =Oxford University Press |location = New York |year= 1988|isbn=9780195049343|oclc=242712170}}]{{rp|72}} Sosiologis Linda L. Lindsey menyatakan bahwa wanita menanggung lebih berat beban [[dosa asal]], penciptaannya dari rusuk Adam, urutan kedua diciptakan setelah Adam, dengan kutukan Tuhan saat pengusirannya dari Taman Eden kerap menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kekuasaan pria atas wanita.[{{cite book|last1=Lindsey|first1=Linda L|title=Gender Roles: A Sociological perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/genderrolessocio0000lind_d8y7|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-205-89968-5}}]{{rp|133,397}}\n\nDari sisi lain, Trible dan Frymer-Kensky melihat bahwa kisah Hawa dalam Kejadian tidak menunjukkan inferioritas Hawa atas Adam. Kata \"penolong\" (''ezer'') menunjukkan pendamping dalam Alkitab alih-alih pembantu, dan kata ini juga digunakan pada hubungan Tuhan pada (Bani) Israel (bukan Israel pada Tuhan).[{{cite book|last1=Trible|first1=Phyllis|title=Texts of Terror: Literary feminist readings of biblical narratives|url=https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib|date=1984|publisher=Fortress Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8006-1537-6}}][{{cite book|last1=Frymer-Kensky|first1=Tikva|title=Studies in Bible and feminist criticism|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinbiblefe0000frym|date=2006|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=9780827607989|edition= 1st|oclc=62127975}}]{{rp|168}} Trible menjelaskan bahwa, dalam mitologi, hal yang diciptakan terakhir secara tradisi merupakan puncak penciptaan, yang tersirat dalam Kejadian 1 bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan setelah segala sesuatu yang lain—kecuali Hawa.[ Namun, sarjana Perjanjian Baru Craig Blomberg mengatakan bangsa Yahudi kuno mungkin telah melihat urutan penciptaan sebagai bentuk keistimewaan kepada putra sulung terkait hak waris (baik dalam tulisan suci mereka dan dalam budaya sekitarnya) dan menafsirkan Adam diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa sebagai tanda hak istimewanya.][{{cite book|author1=Craig L. Blomberg|chapter=Chapter 2: Women in Ministry: a complementarian perspective|editor1-last=Beck|editor1-first=James R.|display-editors=etal|title=Two views on women in ministry|url=https://archive.org/details/twoviewsonwomeni0000unse|date=2009|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=9780310254379|oclc=779330381}}]{{rp|129}}\n\n=== Yahudi ===\nPenciptaan Hawa, menurut Rabi Joshua, adalah bahwa Tuhan mempertimbangkan dari anggota badan Adam yang mana Hawa akan diciptakan. Dia tidak diciptakan dari kepala Adam karena akan menjadi orang yang sombong, tidak diciptakan dari mata karena dia akan ingin mengorek semua hal, tidak dari telinga karena dia akan berkeinginan mendengar semua hal, tidak dari mulut karena dia akan banyak bicara, tidak dari hati karena dia akan iri pada orang-orang, tidak dari tangan karena dia akan berkeinginan untuk mengambil semua hal, tidak dari kaki karena dia akan menjadi seorang petualang. Oleh karena itu Hawa diciptakan dari anggota yang disembunyikan, yaitu tulang rusuk, yang bahkan tidak terlihat ketika manusia telanjang.[Polano, Hymen (1890). ''The Talmud. Selections from the contents of that ancient book... Also, brief sketches of the men who made and commented upon it'', p. 280. F. Warne, {{ISBN|1-150-73362-4}}, digitized by [https://books.google.com/books?id=5EApAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280 Google Books] on 7 July 2008]\n\nLiteratur rabinik awal mengandung tradisi-tradisi yang menggambarkan Hawa dengan cara yang kurang baik. Menurut [[Bereshith Rabba]] 18: 4, Adam dengan cepat menyadari bahwa Hawa ditakdirkan untuk terlibat dalam pertengkaran terus-menerus dengannya. Wanita pertama juga menjadi objek tuduhan yang dinisbatkan kepada Rabi Joshua dari Siknin, yang menurutnya Hawa, terlepas dari upaya ilahi, ternyata “berkepala bengkak, genit, penyadap, gosip, rentan terhadap kecemburuan, suka mencuri, dan petualang.\" (Ibid. 18: 2). Serangkaian dakwaan yang serupa muncul dalam Bereshith Rabba 17: 8, yang dengannya penciptaan Hawa dari tulang rusuk Adam alih-alih dari bumi membuatnya lebih rendah dari Adam dan tidak pernah puas dengan apapun. Akhirnya, kejahatan paling jahat yang dikaitkan dengan Hawa muncul dalam Bereshith Rabba 17: 8:\"Mengapa seorang pria pergi tanpa topi sementara seorang wanita keluar dengan kepala tertutup? Dia seperti orang yang telah berbuat salah dan malu pada orang; karena itu dia pergi dengan kepala tertutup. Mengapa mereka [para wanita] berjalan di depan mayat [di pemakaman]? Karena mereka membawa maut ke dunia, oleh karena itu mereka berjalan di depan mayat, [seperti yang tertulis], \"Karena ia telah dibawa ke kubur ... dan semua orang mengikuti dia, karena ada banyak yang tak terhitung sebelum dia\" (Ayub 21: 32d). Dan mengapa ajaran menstruasi (nidah) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia menumpahkan darah Adam [dengan menyebabkan kematian], maka itu adalah ajaran menstruasi yang diberikan kepadanya. Dan mengapa ajaran “adonan” (ḥalah) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia merusak Adam, yang adalah adonan dunia, maka itu adalah ajaran adonan yang diberikan kepadanya. Dan mengapa ajaran tentang cahaya Sabat (nerot shabat) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia memadamkan jiwa Adam, oleh karena itu adalah ajaran dari lampu Sabat yang diberikan kepadanya.\"[Genesis Rabbah, in: Judaic Classics Library, Davka Software. (CD-ROM).]
\n\nSelain itu, literatur rabi awal mengandung banyak contoh saat Hawa didakwa berbagai pelanggaran seksual. Dituliskan dalam Bereshith Rabba 3:16 bahwa \"hasratmu akan untuk suamimu,\" dia dituduh oleh para rabi karena memiliki dorongan seksual yang terlalu maju (Bereshith Rabba 20: 7) dan terus-menerus menggoda Adam (ibid. 23: 5). Namun, dalam hal popularitas dan penyebaran teks, motif Hawa bersanggama dengan ular purba mengambil prioritas di atas pelanggaran seksualnya yang lain. Meskipun agak membingungkan, kisah ini disampaikan di banyak tempat: Bereshith Rabba 18: 6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b–146a dan 196a, Yevamot 103b dan 'Avodah zarah 22b.[{{Cite journal|last=Kosior|first=Wojciech|date=2018|title=A Tale of Two Sisters: The Image of Eve in Early Rabbinic Literature and Its Influence on the Portrayal of Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira|url=https://www.academia.edu/36771379|journal=Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues|volume=|issue=32|pages=112–130|doi=10.2979/nashim.32.1.10|via=}}]\n\nDalam tradisi Yahudi, [[Filo]], Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, dan [[Targum Yerushalmi]] menyatakan bahwa Adam bukanlah ayah dari Qabil/Kain. Sebaliknya, Hawa menjadi sasaran perzinahan karena dirayu [[Sammael]],{{sfn|Byron|2011|p=17: \"And Adam knew about his wife Eve that she had conceived from Sammael\"–''[[Targum Pseudo-Jonathan|Tg.Ps.-J.]]'': Gen.4:1, Trans. by Byron}}{{sfn|Byron|2011|p=17: \"(Sammael) riding on the serpent came to her and she conceived [Cain]\" - ''[[Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer|Pirqe R. L. 21]]'', Trans. by Friedlander}} [[Ular dalam Alkitab|ular]]{{sfn|Byron|2011|p=17: \"First adultery came into being, afterward murder. And he [Cain] was begotten into adultery, for he was the child of the serpent.\"–''[[Philo|Gos.Phil.]]'' 61:5–10, Trans. by Isenberg}} (''nahash'', {{Lang-he-n|נחש}}) di Taman Eden,[Louis Ginzberg, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA75#v=onepage ''The Legends of the Jews'', Vol.1], [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1998, {{ISBN|0-8018-5890-9}}, p.105–09] atau iblis sendiri,{{sfn|Luttikhuizen|2003|p=vii}} dan Hawa berseru saat kelahiran Kain, \"Aku telah mendapatkan seorang putra melalui seorang malaikat Tuhan.\"[Ginzberg, Louis (1909). ''[http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf The Legends of the Jews Vol I: The Ten Generations - The Birth of Cain]'' (Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.]\n\n=== Kristen ===\n[[Yesus]] menegaskan bahwa pada awal dunia, Tuhan menciptakan satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan untuk disatukan sebagai suami istri.[{{Alkitab|Markus 19:5}}][{{Alkitab|Markus 10:6-9}}] Meskipun tidak menyebut nama Hawa, ini merupakan pengakuan [[Yesus]] akan kebenaran catatan di [[Kitab Kejadian]] tentang penciptaan Adam dan Hawa. [[Paulus]] mengingatkan jemaat di Korintus agar waspada terhadap penyesatan oleh iblis seperti yang pernah dialami Hawa, \"Tetapi aku takut, kalau-kalau pikiran kamu disesatkan dari kesetiaan kamu yang sejati kepada Kristus, sama seperti Hawa diperdayakan oleh ular itu dengan kelicikannya.\"[{{Alkitab|2 Korintus 11:3}}]\n\nTerkait sikap dalam ibadah jemaat, Paulus menyatakan bahwa perempuan harus berdiam diri dan mendengar dengan patuh, juga tidak diperkenankan mengajari laki-laki. Sikap ini dikaitkan dengan Adam yang diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa, juga karena Hawa yang tergoda pertama kali memakan buah terlarang.[{{Alkitab|1 Timotius 2:11-14}}]\n\n=== Islam ===\nTerkait buah terlarang, Al-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan bahwa Hawa yang pertama kali memakannya. Baik Adam dan Hawa dijelaskan sama-sama bersalah, sama-sama bertaubat, juga sama-sama menerima ampunan.[Al-Baqarah (02): 36-37][Al-A'raf (07): 22-23] Hawa dipandang sebagai ''Ummul Basyar'' (ibu umat manusia), tetapi pengaruhnya tidak begitu kuat pada peran dan kedudukan perempuan di dunia Muslim bila dibandingkan dengan di Barat.\n\n== Rasisme ==\nPada [[Abad Pencerahan]], gagasan mengenai keberadaan manusia sebelum Adam, disebut Pra-Adamit, menantang narasi Alkitab tentang asal-muasal manusia. Pada abad ke-19, gagasan pra-Adamit mulai diterima dengan sifat supremasi kulit putih. Dikatakan bahwa manusia non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam, tetapi manusia pra-Adam, sehingga kedudukan mereka lebih rendah dari ras kulit putih. Ilmuwan yang mendukung ini antara lain Charles Caldwell, Josiah C. Nott, dan Samuel G. Morton.\n\nSetelah [[Perang Saudara Amerika]], orang Selatan semakin menerima argumen yang mendukung kepercayaan mereka pada inferioritas kulit hitam. Pada tahun 1867, Buckner H. Payne, dengan nama pena Ariel, menulis sebuah pamflet, ''The Negro: What is His Ethnological Status?'' Dia berargumen bahwa orang Negro adalah binatang pra-Adam dari ladang (dianggap sebagai tatanan monyet yang lebih tinggi), yang dilestarikan di Bahtera Nuh. Pada tahun 1891, William Campbell, dengan nama pena \"Caucasian\", menulis dalam ''Anthropology for the People: A Refutation of the Theory of the Adamic Origin of All Races'' bahwa orang-orang non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam dan karena itu \"bukan saudara dalam pengertian istilah yang tepat, tetapi ciptaan yang lebih rendah\" dan bahwa poligenisme adalah satu-satunya teori yang dapat bersanding dengan Alkitab. Mengikuti Payne, Campbell menyatakan bahwa banjir besar zaman Nuh merupakan akibat dari pernikahan manusia kulit putih (keturunan Adam) dan keturunan pra-Adamit yang dipandang sebagai sebab kerusakan dunia.[dalam Harvey, 2005, hlm. 43.]\n\nDalam perpaduan yang tidak biasa dari pemikiran evolusioner kontemporer dan pra-Adamisme, evolusionis dan geolog the Vanderbilt University, Alexander Winchell, berargumen dalam traktat 1878-nya ''Adamites and Preadamites'' bahwa bangsa Negro terlalu inferior secara rasial untuk dikatakan dikembangkan dari Adam dalam Alkitab. Winchell juga percaya bahwa hukum evolusi bekerja sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan.[Smith, 2003, hlm. 50.]\n\nPengacara Irlandia Dominick McCausland, seorang literalis Alkitab dan anti-Darwin, berpendapat bahwa bangsa Tionghoa adalah keturunan dari Kain/Qabil dan bahwa ras \"Kaukasia\" pada akhirnya akan memusnahkan semua yang lain. Dia berpendapat bahwa hanya keturunan \"Kaukasia\" dari Adam yang mampu menciptakan peradaban, dan dia mencoba menjelaskan bahwa peradaban \"non-Kaukasia\" yang telah berkembang sebenarnya adalah ras \"Kaukasia\" yang hilang, yakni keturunan Ham bin Nuh.[Dominick M'Causland, The Builders of Babel, 1871; Patrick Maume “Dominick McCausland and Adam’s Ancestors: an Irish Evangelical responds to the Scientific Challenge to Biblical Inerrancy” in Juliana Adelman and Eadaoin Agnew (eds) Science and Technology in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2011)]\n\nPada tahun 1900, Charles Carroll menulis ''The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God''. Dia menyimpulkan dalam buku itu bahwa ras kulit putih dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah dan bahwa Adam hanya melahirkan ras kulit putih, dan orang negro adalah binatang pra-Adam, yang tidak mungkin dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah karena mereka seperti binatang buas, tidak bermoral dan jelek.[Charles Carroll The negro a beast\"; or, \"In the image of God\"; the reasoner of the age, the revelator of the century! The Bible as it is! The negro and his relation to the human family! The negro not the son of Ham, 1900] Carroll mengklaim bahwa ras pra-Adam, seperti orang kulit hitam, tidak memiliki jiwa. Carroll percaya bahwa percampuran ras adalah penghinaan terhadap Tuhan dan merusak rencana ras penciptaan Allah. Menurut Carroll, pencampuran ras juga menyebabkan kesalahan ateisme dan evolusi.[Colin Kidd, ''The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000'', 2006, hlm. 150]\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* Perincian mengenai kisah Adam dan Hawa dari sudut pandang Al-Qur'an dan Alkitab:\n** [[Adam]]\n** [[Hawa]]\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n=== Daftar pustaka ===\n* Harvey, Paul (2005). ''Freedom's Coming : Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era''. UNC Press. {{ISBN|0-8078-2901-3}}\n* Smith, Christian (2003). ''The Secular Revolution''. University of California Press. {{ISBN|0-520-23000-0}}\n\n{{Nabi-nabi}}\n{{Adam hingga Daud}}\n\n{{Commonscat|Adam and Eve}}\n\n[[Kategori:Adam dan Hawa]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Perjanjian Lama]]\n[[Kategori:Kitab Kejadian]]","hash":"ec2c1158298d6b326fe207bbcba51da0f71c7959eb01ac7dc8b37b955810ade5","last_revision":"2023-10-10T19:13:21Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T08:04:10Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.625940","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Adam en Eva","als":"Adam und Eva","ar":"آدم وحواء","bcl":"Adan asin Eva","be":"Адам і Ева","bn":"আদম ও হাওয়া","ca":"Adam i Eva","ce":"Адам а, Хьава а","cs":"Adam a Eva","csb":"Adam i Jewa","cv":"Адам тата Ева","de":"Adam und Eva","diq":"Adem u Hewa","en":"Adam and Eve","eo":"Adamo kaj Evo","es":"Adán y Eva","eu":"Adam eta Eva","fa":"آدم و حوا","ff":"Aadamu e Hawwa","fy":"Adam en Eva","gl":"Adán e Eva","gu":"આદમ અને હવા","guw":"Adam po Evi po","he":"אדם וחוה","hi":"आदम और हव्वा","hr":"Adam i Eva","hu":"Ádám és Éva","hy":"Ադամ և Եվա","is":"Adam og Eva","it":"Adamo ed Eva","ja":"アダムとエバ","kbp":"Aɖam nɛ Ɛvɩ","kge":"Adam rik Hawa","kn":"ಆಡಮ್ ಈವ್","ko":"아담과 하와","ks":"آدم تہٕ حَوا","ku":"Adem û Hewa","ky":"Адам-ата жана Обо-эне","lt":"Adomas ir Ieva","lv":"Ādams un Ieva","mg":"Adama sy Eva","mk":"Адам и Ева","ml":"ആദാമും ഹവ്വായും","ms":"Adam dan Hawa","nl":"Adam en Eva","nn":"Adam og Eva","nb":"Adam og Eva","pa":"ਆਦਮ ਅਤੇ ਹੱਵਾ","pap":"Adam i Eva","pl":"Adam i Ewa","pt":"Adão e Eva","ro":"Adam și Eva","ru":"Адам и Ева","rue":"Адам и Ева","rw":"Adamu na Eva.","sh":"Adam i Eva","simple":"Adam and Eve","sk":"Adam a Eva","sl":"Adam in Eva","sq":"Adami dhe Eva","sr":"Адам и Ева","sv":"Adam och Eva","th":"อาดัมกับเอวา","tl":"Adan at Eba","tr":"Âdem ve Havva","uk":"Адам і Єва","ur":"آدم اور حوا","vi":"Adam và Eva","wa":"Adan ey Eve","war":"Adan ngan Eba","wuu":"亚当搭夏娃","zh":"亞當與夏娃","zh-classical":"亞當與夏娃","zh-yue":"亞當同夏娃","zu":"Adamu noEva"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Dalam kepercayaan agama Abrahamik, Adam dan Hawa adalah kedua sosok yang diyakini sebagai pasangan manusia pertama di bumi dan keseluruhan manusia modern ini diyakini merupakan keturunan dari mereka berdua. Garis besar kisah mereka sama antara yang tertuang dalam Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an, meski terdapat beberapa perbedaan. Kisah Adam dan Hawa memengaruhi pandangan masyarakat penganut agama Abrahamik; baik terkait manusia, gender, dan identitas.\n\nDalam Tanakh (kitab suci Yahudi) dan Alkitab (kitab suci Kristen) termuat pada Kitab Kejadian (Beresyit) pasal 2-5. Selain dari kitab suci, kisah Adam juga terdapat dalam beberapa riwayat hadits dan literatur Rabinik. Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an (kitab suci Islam), kisah Adam termaktub dalam surah Al-Baqarah (2): 30-39, Al-A'raf (07): 11-25, Al-Hijr (15): 26-44, Al-Isra' (17): 61-65, Thaha (20): 115-126, dan Shad (38): 67-88.\n\nMeski secara garis besar sama, ada perbedaan di antara Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an mengenai kisah Adam. Kisah penciptaan Adam Kisah Adam dalam Alkitab diawali dengan Allah menciptakan alam semesta beserta isinya. Alkitab menerangkan bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan menurut rupa dan gambar Allah, sedangkan Al-Qur'an menyatakan bahwa tidak ada yang serupa dengan Allah.. Kisah penciptaan Adam dalam Al-Qur'an diawali dengan percakapan antara Allah dan para malaikat. Allah menyatakan hendak menciptakan manusia yang berperan sebagai khalifah (wakil, penerus) di bumi, tetapi malaikat memandang bahwa mereka yang lebih pantas menerima peran tersebut karena mereka selalu bertasbih pada Allah, sedangkan manusia dipandang hanya akan merusak bumi dan menumpahkan darah di sana. Alkitab tidak menyertakan percakapan ini. Dalam Alkitab disebutkan bahwa Allah meminta Adam memberi nama hewan-hewan.. Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan nama segala sesuatu pada Adam, Al-Qur'an menjelaskan bahwa Allah memerintahkan para malaikat untuk bersujud kepada Adam. Para malaikat melakukannya, tetapi iblis menolak sehingga dia diusir dari surga. Kisah ini tidak terdapat dalam Alkitab. Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa saat Adam tidur, Allah menciptakan Hawa dari tulang rusuknya. Al-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan mengenai penciptaan Hawa, tetapi ayat Al-Qur'an yang menyatakan bahwa manusia diciptakan \"dari diri yang satu dan Allah menciptakan pasangannya dari dirinya\" ditafsirkan sebagai penciptaan Hawa yang berasal dari bagian Adam. Salah satu riwayat hadits menyebutkan bahwa wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk. Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa ular membujuk Hawa memakan buah terlarang. Setelah memakannya, Hawa kemudian membujuk Adam agar ikut memakannya juga. Setelahnya, Allah kemudian mengutuk ular dan membuatnya berjalan menggunakan perut seumur hidup, menghukum Hawa dengan memberikan kepayahan saat mengandung dan melahirkan dan membuat suaminya berkuasa atasnya, dan menghukum Adam dengan menjadikannya bersusah payah mencari rezeki dari tanah sampai dia sendiri kembali menjadi tanah. Al-Qur'an tidak menyebutkan mengenai rincian hukuman yang masing-masing mereka terima, juga tidak menyebutkan bahwa Hawa memakan buah terlarang lebih dulu dari Adam. Al-Qur'an hanya menyebutkan bahwa keduanya bersalah.\n\nPandangan umum dalam agama Abrahamik adalah bahwa Adam dan Hawa merupakan manusia pertama dan semua manusia modern ini merupakan keturunan mereka.\n\nGereja Katolik mengakui Adam dan Hawa sebagai santo dan santa. Pesta liturgi tradisional untuk Adam dan Hawa dirayakan pada 24 Desember sejak Abad Pertengahan.\n\nIslam mengakui Adam sebagai nabi dan termasuk dalam daftar 25 nabi. Al-Asy'ari berpendapat bahwa Hawa adalah seorang nabiah (nabi perempuan). Beberapa ulama yang mendukung adanya nabiah antara lain Ibnu Hazm, Al-Qurthubi, dan Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari. Meski demikian, kebanyakan ulama berpendapat bahwa sebagaimana tidak ada perempuan yang menjadi rasul, maka juga tidak ada perempuan yang diangkat menjadi nabi.\n\nMenurut pandangan Baha'i, Adam adalah perwujudan Allah yang pertama dalam sejarah. Penganut Baha'i meyakini bahwa Adam memulai siklus Adamik yang berlangsung selama 6.000 tahun dan berpuncak pada Nabi Muhammad.\n\nDalam doktrin Kristen, peristiwa Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang memicu yang kemudian disebut dosa asal. Katekismus Gereja Katolik (KGK) 377 menuliskan yang intinya bahwa awalnya manusia diciptakan sempurna, seluruh kodratnya utuh dan teratur, bebas dari kecenderungan jahat yang membuatnya terikat pada kenikmatan inderawi. Namun Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang membuat kodrat manusia yang sempurna tersebut rusak, karunia keadilan dan kesucian dari Allah yang terdapat dalam diri manusia menjadi berkurang dan kekurangan ini menurun pada keturunan mereka. Kekurangan tersebut yang dinamakan \"dosa asal\" (KGK 416-417). Dosa asal tersebut mengakibatkan kodrat manusia rusak dan melemah dari yang seharusnya, tetapi kodratnya tidak sepenuhnya rusak (KGK 405).\n\nDosa asal yang dilakukan manusia pertama mengakibatkan manusia kehilangan: Rahmat kekudusan Empat berkat yang terdiri dari: keabadian, yakni manusia diyakini diciptakan bersifat abadi dan dosa asal membuat manusia dapat mengalami kematian. tidak adanya penderitaan pengetahuan akan Tuhan keutuhan, yaitu harmoni antara nafsu kedagingan dan akal budi. Hilangnya berkat keutuhan menyebabkan manusia kesulitan menundukkan keinginan dagingnya pada akal budinya, sehingga manusia memiliki kecenderungan untuk berbuat dosa atau konkupisensi (KGK 405-418).\n\nDoktrin dosa asal ini tidak ditemukan dalam ajaran Yahudi arus utama. Meskipun sebagian Yahudi Ortodoks menyalahkan Adam dan Hawa atas kerusakan di dunia dan beberapa guru Yahudi di Babel percaya bahwa kematian merupakan hukuman pada manusia lantaran dosa Adam, hal itu bukan pandangan mayoritas Yahudi sekarang. Yahudi modern mengajarkan bahwa manusia lahir dalam keadaan bebas dan suci, dan berbuat dosa atas pilihan mereka sendiri.\n\nDalam Islam juga tidak ditemukan adanya kepercayaan ini. Di Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa meski bersalah, Adam dan Hawa bertaubat dan telah menerima pengampunan.\n\nPandangan mengenai Hawa acapkali menjadi acuan bagi peran dan kedudukan perempuan secara umum dalam agama dan masyarakat, utamanya pada masyarakat Barat Abad Pertengahan. Sarjana Timur Dekat Carol Lyons Meyers menyatakan bahwa kisah Hawa merupakan bagian Alkitab yang paling memengaruhi gagasan masyarakat Barat terkait gender dan identitas. Sosiologis Linda L. Lindsey menyatakan bahwa wanita menanggung lebih berat beban dosa asal, penciptaannya dari rusuk Adam, urutan kedua diciptakan setelah Adam, dengan kutukan Tuhan saat pengusirannya dari Taman Eden kerap menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kekuasaan pria atas wanita.\n\nDari sisi lain, Trible dan Frymer-Kensky melihat bahwa kisah Hawa dalam Kejadian tidak menunjukkan inferioritas Hawa atas Adam. Kata \"penolong\" (ezer) menunjukkan pendamping dalam Alkitab alih-alih pembantu, dan kata ini juga digunakan pada hubungan Tuhan pada (Bani) Israel (bukan Israel pada Tuhan). Trible menjelaskan bahwa, dalam mitologi, hal yang diciptakan terakhir secara tradisi merupakan puncak penciptaan, yang tersirat dalam Kejadian 1 bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan setelah segala sesuatu yang lain—kecuali Hawa. Namun, sarjana Perjanjian Baru Craig Blomberg mengatakan bangsa Yahudi kuno mungkin telah melihat urutan penciptaan sebagai bentuk keistimewaan kepada putra sulung terkait hak waris (baik dalam tulisan suci mereka dan dalam budaya sekitarnya) dan menafsirkan Adam diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa sebagai tanda hak istimewanya.\n\nPenciptaan Hawa, menurut Rabi Joshua, adalah bahwa Tuhan mempertimbangkan dari anggota badan Adam yang mana Hawa akan diciptakan. Dia tidak diciptakan dari kepala Adam karena akan menjadi orang yang sombong, tidak diciptakan dari mata karena dia akan ingin mengorek semua hal, tidak dari telinga karena dia akan berkeinginan mendengar semua hal, tidak dari mulut karena dia akan banyak bicara, tidak dari hati karena dia akan iri pada orang-orang, tidak dari tangan karena dia akan berkeinginan untuk mengambil semua hal, tidak dari kaki karena dia akan menjadi seorang petualang. Oleh karena itu Hawa diciptakan dari anggota yang disembunyikan, yaitu tulang rusuk, yang bahkan tidak terlihat ketika manusia telanjang.\n\nLiteratur rabinik awal mengandung tradisi-tradisi yang menggambarkan Hawa dengan cara yang kurang baik. Menurut Bereshith Rabba 18: 4, Adam dengan cepat menyadari bahwa Hawa ditakdirkan untuk terlibat dalam pertengkaran terus-menerus dengannya. Wanita pertama juga menjadi objek tuduhan yang dinisbatkan kepada Rabi Joshua dari Siknin, yang menurutnya Hawa, terlepas dari upaya ilahi, ternyata \"berkepala bengkak, genit, penyadap, gosip, rentan terhadap kecemburuan, suka mencuri, dan petualang.\" (Ibid. 18: 2). Serangkaian dakwaan yang serupa muncul dalam Bereshith Rabba 17: 8, yang dengannya penciptaan Hawa dari tulang rusuk Adam alih-alih dari bumi membuatnya lebih rendah dari Adam dan tidak pernah puas dengan apapun. Akhirnya, kejahatan paling jahat yang dikaitkan dengan Hawa muncul dalam Bereshith Rabba 17: 8:\"Mengapa seorang pria pergi tanpa topi sementara seorang wanita keluar dengan kepala tertutup? Dia seperti orang yang telah berbuat salah dan malu pada orang; karena itu dia pergi dengan kepala tertutup. Mengapa mereka [para wanita] berjalan di depan mayat [di pemakaman]? Karena mereka membawa maut ke dunia, oleh karena itu mereka berjalan di depan mayat, [seperti yang tertulis], \"Karena ia telah dibawa ke kubur ... dan semua orang mengikuti dia, karena ada banyak yang tak terhitung sebelum dia\" (Ayub 21: 32d). Dan mengapa ajaran menstruasi (nidah) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia menumpahkan darah Adam [dengan menyebabkan kematian], maka itu adalah ajaran menstruasi yang diberikan kepadanya. Dan mengapa ajaran \"adonan\" (ḥalah) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia merusak Adam, yang adalah adonan dunia, maka itu adalah ajaran adonan yang diberikan kepadanya. Dan mengapa ajaran tentang cahaya Sabat (nerot shabat) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia memadamkan jiwa Adam, oleh karena itu adalah ajaran dari lampu Sabat yang diberikan kepadanya.\"\n\nSelain itu, literatur rabi awal mengandung banyak contoh saat Hawa didakwa berbagai pelanggaran seksual. Dituliskan dalam Bereshith Rabba 3:16 bahwa \"hasratmu akan untuk suamimu,\" dia dituduh oleh para rabi karena memiliki dorongan seksual yang terlalu maju (Bereshith Rabba 20: 7) dan terus-menerus menggoda Adam (ibid. 23: 5). Namun, dalam hal popularitas dan penyebaran teks, motif Hawa bersanggama dengan ular purba mengambil prioritas di atas pelanggaran seksualnya yang lain. Meskipun agak membingungkan, kisah ini disampaikan di banyak tempat: Bereshith Rabba 18: 6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b–146a dan 196a, Yevamot 103b dan 'Avodah zarah 22b.\n\nDalam tradisi Yahudi, Filo, Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, dan Targum Yerushalmi menyatakan bahwa Adam bukanlah ayah dari Qabil/Kain. Sebaliknya, Hawa menjadi sasaran perzinahan karena dirayu Sammael, ular (nahash, ) di Taman Eden, atau iblis sendiri, dan Hawa berseru saat kelahiran Kain, \"Aku telah mendapatkan seorang putra melalui seorang malaikat Tuhan.\"\n\nYesus menegaskan bahwa pada awal dunia, Tuhan menciptakan satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan untuk disatukan sebagai suami istri. Meskipun tidak menyebut nama Hawa, ini merupakan pengakuan Yesus akan kebenaran catatan di Kitab Kejadian tentang penciptaan Adam dan Hawa. Paulus mengingatkan jemaat di Korintus agar waspada terhadap penyesatan oleh iblis seperti yang pernah dialami Hawa, \"Tetapi aku takut, kalau-kalau pikiran kamu disesatkan dari kesetiaan kamu yang sejati kepada Kristus, sama seperti Hawa diperdayakan oleh ular itu dengan kelicikannya.\"\n\nTerkait sikap dalam ibadah jemaat, Paulus menyatakan bahwa perempuan harus berdiam diri dan mendengar dengan patuh, juga tidak diperkenankan mengajari laki-laki. Sikap ini dikaitkan dengan Adam yang diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa, juga karena Hawa yang tergoda pertama kali memakan buah terlarang.\n\nTerkait buah terlarang, Al-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan bahwa Hawa yang pertama kali memakannya. Baik Adam dan Hawa dijelaskan sama-sama bersalah, sama-sama bertaubat, juga sama-sama menerima ampunan. Hawa dipandang sebagai Ummul Basyar (ibu umat manusia), tetapi pengaruhnya tidak begitu kuat pada peran dan kedudukan perempuan di dunia Muslim bila dibandingkan dengan di Barat.\n\nPada Abad Pencerahan, gagasan mengenai keberadaan manusia sebelum Adam, disebut Pra-Adamit, menantang narasi Alkitab tentang asal-muasal manusia. Pada abad ke-19, gagasan pra-Adamit mulai diterima dengan sifat supremasi kulit putih. Dikatakan bahwa manusia non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam, tetapi manusia pra-Adam, sehingga kedudukan mereka lebih rendah dari ras kulit putih. Ilmuwan yang mendukung ini antara lain Charles Caldwell, Josiah C. Nott, dan Samuel G. Morton.\n\nSetelah Perang Saudara Amerika, orang Selatan semakin menerima argumen yang mendukung kepercayaan mereka pada inferioritas kulit hitam. Pada tahun 1867, Buckner H. Payne, dengan nama pena Ariel, menulis sebuah pamflet, The Negro: What is His Ethnological Status? Dia berargumen bahwa orang Negro adalah binatang pra-Adam dari ladang (dianggap sebagai tatanan monyet yang lebih tinggi), yang dilestarikan di Bahtera Nuh. Pada tahun 1891, William Campbell, dengan nama pena \"Caucasian\", menulis dalam Anthropology for the People: A Refutation of the Theory of the Adamic Origin of All Races bahwa orang-orang non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam dan karena itu \"bukan saudara dalam pengertian istilah yang tepat, tetapi ciptaan yang lebih rendah\" dan bahwa poligenisme adalah satu-satunya teori yang dapat bersanding dengan Alkitab. Mengikuti Payne, Campbell menyatakan bahwa banjir besar zaman Nuh merupakan akibat dari pernikahan manusia kulit putih (keturunan Adam) dan keturunan pra-Adamit yang dipandang sebagai sebab kerusakan dunia.\n\nDalam perpaduan yang tidak biasa dari pemikiran evolusioner kontemporer dan pra-Adamisme, evolusionis dan geolog the Vanderbilt University, Alexander Winchell, berargumen dalam traktat 1878-nya Adamites and Preadamites bahwa bangsa Negro terlalu inferior secara rasial untuk dikatakan dikembangkan dari Adam dalam Alkitab. Winchell juga percaya bahwa hukum evolusi bekerja sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan.\n\nPengacara Irlandia Dominick McCausland, seorang literalis Alkitab dan anti-Darwin, berpendapat bahwa bangsa Tionghoa adalah keturunan dari Kain/Qabil dan bahwa ras \"Kaukasia\" pada akhirnya akan memusnahkan semua yang lain. Dia berpendapat bahwa hanya keturunan \"Kaukasia\" dari Adam yang mampu menciptakan peradaban, dan dia mencoba menjelaskan bahwa peradaban \"non-Kaukasia\" yang telah berkembang sebenarnya adalah ras \"Kaukasia\" yang hilang, yakni keturunan Ham bin Nuh.\n\nPada tahun 1900, Charles Carroll menulis The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God. Dia menyimpulkan dalam buku itu bahwa ras kulit putih dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah dan bahwa Adam hanya melahirkan ras kulit putih, dan orang negro adalah binatang pra-Adam, yang tidak mungkin dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah karena mereka seperti binatang buas, tidak bermoral dan jelek. Carroll mengklaim bahwa ras pra-Adam, seperti orang kulit hitam, tidak memiliki jiwa. Carroll percaya bahwa percampuran ras adalah penghinaan terhadap Tuhan dan merusak rencana ras penciptaan Allah. Menurut Carroll, pencampuran ras juga menyebabkan kesalahan ateisme dan evolusi.\n\nPerincian mengenai kisah Adam dan Hawa dari sudut pandang Al-Qur'an dan Alkitab: Adam Hawa\n\nHarvey, Paul (2005). Freedom's Coming : Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era. UNC Press. Smith, Christian (2003). The Secular Revolution. University of California Press.\n\nKategori:Adam dan Hawa Kategori:Tokoh Perjanjian Lama Kategori:Kitab Kejadian\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam kepercayaan agama Abrahamik, Adam dan Hawa adalah kedua sosok yang diyakini sebagai pasangan manusia pertama di bumi dan keseluruhan manusia modern ini diyakini merupakan keturunan dari mereka berdua.","translated_text":"In Abrahamic religious belief, Adam and Eve are the two figures believed to be the first human couple on earth and all modern humans are believed to be descendants of both.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Garis besar kisah mereka sama antara yang tertuang dalam Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an, meski terdapat beberapa perbedaan.","translated_text":"Their main story line is similar to that of the Bible and the Qur'an, although there are some differences.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kisah Adam dan Hawa memengaruhi pandangan masyarakat penganut agama Abrahamik; baik terkait manusia, gender, dan identitas.","translated_text":"The story of Adam and Eve influenced the views of Abrahamic society; both regarding humans, gender, and identity.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kisah","translated_text":"The Story","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam Tanakh (kitab suci Yahudi) dan Alkitab (kitab suci Kristen) termuat pada Kitab Kejadian (Beresyit) pasal 2-5. Selain dari kitab suci, kisah Adam juga terdapat dalam beberapa riwayat hadits dan literatur Rabinik.","translated_text":"The Tanakh (Jewish Bible) and the Bible (Christian Bible) contain Genesis chapters 2-5.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an (kitab suci Islam), kisah Adam termaktub dalam surah Al-Baqarah (2): 30-39, Al-A'raf (07): 11-25, Al-Hijr (15): 26-44, Al-Isra' (17): 61-65, Thaha (20): 115-126, dan Shad (38): 67-88.","translated_text":"In the Qur'an, the story of Adam is recorded in the Surah Al-Baqarah (2: 30-39), Al-A'raf (07): 11-25, Al-Hijr (15): 26-44, Al-Isra' (17): 61-65, Thaha (20): 115-126, and Shad (38): 67-88.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meski secara garis besar sama, ada perbedaan di antara Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an mengenai kisah Adam.","translated_text":"Although broadly similar, there is a difference between the Bible and the Qur'an regarding the story of Adam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kisah penciptaan Adam Kisah Adam dalam Alkitab diawali dengan Allah menciptakan alam semesta beserta isinya.","translated_text":"The story of Adam's creation The Bible story of Adam begins with God creating the universe and its contents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 1: 1-31}}]","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab menerangkan bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan menurut rupa dan gambar Allah, sedangkan Al-Qur'an menyatakan bahwa tidak ada yang serupa dengan Allah..","translated_text":"The Bible explains that man (Adam) was created in the image and likeness of God, while the Qur'an states that there is none like God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 1: 26}}]","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Asy-Syura (42): 11]","char_index":155,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kisah penciptaan Adam dalam Al-Qur'an diawali dengan percakapan antara Allah dan para malaikat.","translated_text":"The story of Adam in the Qur'an begins with a conversation between Allah and the angels.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Allah menyatakan hendak menciptakan manusia yang berperan sebagai khalifah (wakil, penerus) di bumi, tetapi malaikat memandang bahwa mereka yang lebih pantas menerima peran tersebut karena mereka selalu bertasbih pada Allah, sedangkan manusia dipandang hanya akan merusak bumi dan menumpahkan darah di sana.","translated_text":"God declares that He will create human beings as successors in the earth, but the angels consider them to be more worthy of this role because they glorify Him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 30]","char_index":307,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab tidak menyertakan percakapan ini.","translated_text":"The Bible does not include this conversation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam Alkitab disebutkan bahwa Allah meminta Adam memberi nama hewan-hewan..","translated_text":"The Bible tells us that God asked Adam to name the animals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 2: 19-20}}]","char_index":75,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan nama segala sesuatu pada Adam, Al-Qur'an menjelaskan bahwa Allah memerintahkan para malaikat untuk bersujud kepada Adam.","translated_text":"And He commanded the angels to prostrate themselves before him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 31]","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para malaikat melakukannya, tetapi iblis menolak sehingga dia diusir dari surga.","translated_text":"The angels did, but Satan refused and was cast out of heaven.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Al-A'raf (07): 13]","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Al-Hijr (15): 34-35]","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kisah ini tidak terdapat dalam Alkitab.","translated_text":"This story is not found in the Bible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa saat Adam tidur, Allah menciptakan Hawa dari tulang rusuknya.","translated_text":"The Bible tells us that while Adam was sleeping, God created Eve from his rib.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 2: 21-24}}]","char_index":87,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Al","translated_text":"The Al","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan mengenai penciptaan Hawa, tetapi ayat Al-Qur'an yang menyatakan bahwa manusia diciptakan \"dari diri yang satu dan Allah menciptakan pasangannya dari dirinya\" ditafsirkan sebagai penciptaan Hawa yang berasal dari bagian Adam.","translated_text":"- The Qur'an does not explain the creation of Eve, but the verse of the Qur'an that says that man was created \"from one and God created his mate from him\" is interpreted as the creation of Eve from the part of Adam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[An-Nisa' (04): 01]","char_index":183,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Al-A'raf (07): 189]","char_index":183,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu riwayat hadits menyebutkan bahwa wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk.","translated_text":"One hadith tells us that women were created from ribs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[\"Bersikaplah yang baik kepada wanita, karena wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk, dan tulang rusuk yang paling bengkok adalah bagian paling atas. Jika kalian luruskan dengan keras, akan patah. Sebaliknya, jika kalian biarkan akan selalu bengkok. Karena itu, bersikaplah yang baik kepada wanita.\" (HR. Bukhari 3331 & Muslim 1468)]","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa ular membujuk Hawa memakan buah terlarang.","translated_text":"The Bible tells us that Eve was tempted by a serpent to eat the forbidden fruit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah memakannya, Hawa kemudian membujuk Adam agar ikut memakannya juga.","translated_text":"After eating it, Eve persuaded Adam to join her.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelahnya, Allah kemudian mengutuk ular dan membuatnya berjalan menggunakan perut seumur hidup, menghukum Hawa dengan memberikan kepayahan saat mengandung dan melahirkan dan membuat suaminya berkuasa atasnya, dan menghukum Adam dengan menjadikannya bersusah payah mencari rezeki dari tanah sampai dia sendiri kembali menjadi tanah.","translated_text":"Then God cursed the serpent and made him walk with his belly for a lifetime, punished Eve by giving her birth and giving her husband authority over her, and punished Adam by making him toil from the ground until he himself became dust.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 3: 14-19}}]","char_index":332,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Al","translated_text":"The Al","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Qur'an tidak menyebutkan mengenai rincian hukuman yang masing-masing mereka terima, juga tidak menyebutkan bahwa Hawa memakan buah terlarang lebih dulu dari Adam.","translated_text":"- The Qur'an does not mention details of the punishment each received, nor does it mention that Eve ate the forbidden fruit before Adam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Al","translated_text":"The Al","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Qur'an hanya menyebutkan bahwa keduanya bersalah.","translated_text":"- The Qur'an only mentions that they were both guilty.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kedudukan","translated_text":"Position","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pandangan umum dalam agama Abrahamik adalah bahwa Adam dan Hawa merupakan manusia pertama dan semua manusia modern ini merupakan keturunan mereka.","translated_text":"A common view in Abrahamic religion is that Adam and Eve were the first humans and that all modern humans are their descendants.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Katolik mengakui Adam dan Hawa sebagai santo dan santa.","translated_text":"The Catholic Church recognizes Adam and Eve as saints and saints.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Steve Ray, \"St[s]. Adam and Eve, St. Abraham, St. Moses–Did You Know Some Old Testament People Are Saints?\", https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ |date=2019-07-21 }}; confer ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 61.]","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":97942,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:24.512009-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (64 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Steve Ray, \"St[s]. Adam and Eve, St. Abraham, St. Moses–Did You Know Some Old Testament People Are Saints?\", https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ |date=2019-07-21 }}; confer ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 61.]","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:25.707932-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pesta liturgi tradisional untuk Adam dan Hawa dirayakan pada 24 Desember sejak Abad Pertengahan.","translated_text":"The traditional liturgical feast for Adam and Eve has been celebrated on December 24 since the Middle Ages.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Islam mengakui Adam sebagai nabi dan termasuk dalam daftar 25 nabi.","translated_text":"Islam recognizes Adam as a prophet and is among the 25 prophets.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Al-Asy'ari berpendapat bahwa Hawa adalah seorang nabiah (nabi perempuan).","translated_text":"Al-Asy'ari argues that Eve was a prophetess.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447]","char_index":73,"name":"Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa ulama yang mendukung adanya nabiah antara lain Ibnu Hazm, Al-Qurthubi, dan Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari.","translated_text":"Some scholars who support the existence of prophets include Ibn Hazm, Al-Qurthubi, and Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447]","char_index":108,"name":"Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Ibnu Hazm, al-Fashl fi al-Milal wa an-Nihal 2/60]","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Lawami'ul Anwar Al-Bahiyah: 2/66]","char_index":108,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meski demikian, kebanyakan ulama berpendapat bahwa sebagaimana tidak ada perempuan yang menjadi rasul, maka juga tidak ada perempuan yang diangkat menjadi nabi.","translated_text":"Yet, most scholars argue that just as no woman is an apostle, so no woman is appointed a prophet.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut pandangan Baha'i, Adam adalah perwujudan Allah yang pertama dalam sejarah.","translated_text":"According to the Baha'i view, Adam was the first incarnation of God in history.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last= Taherzadeh|first= Adib|year= 1972|title= ''The Covenant of Baha'u'llah''|publisher= George Ronald|location=[[Oxford]], [[Inggris]]|id= ISBN 0-85398-344-5|pages= hlm. 32}}]","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penganut Baha'i meyakini bahwa Adam memulai siklus Adamik yang berlangsung selama 6.000 tahun dan berpuncak pada Nabi Muhammad.","translated_text":"Baha'is believe that Adam initiated the Adamic cycle that lasted for 6,000 years and culminated in the Prophet Muhammad.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Surat yang ditulis atas nama ''Universal House of Justice'' kepada setiap umat pada tanggal [[13 Maret]] [[1986]]. {{cite book|first=Shoghi|last=Effendi|authorlink= Shoghi Effendi|coauthors= The Universal House of Justice|editor= Hornby, Helen (editor)|year= 1983|title= ''Lights of Guidance: A Baha'i Reference File''|publisher= Baha'i Publishing Trust, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]|id= ISBN 81-85091-46-3|url= http://bahai-library.com/?file=hornby_lights_guidance|pages = hlm. 500}}]","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":"http://bahai-library.com/?file=hornby_lights_guidance","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":707862,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:32.916978-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.4697265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Dosa asal","translated_text":"The original sin","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam doktrin Kristen, peristiwa Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang memicu yang kemudian disebut dosa asal.","translated_text":"In Christian doctrine, the incident of Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit triggered what was later called original sin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Katekismus Gereja Katolik (KGK) 377 menuliskan yang intinya bahwa awalnya manusia diciptakan sempurna, seluruh kodratnya utuh dan teratur, bebas dari kecenderungan jahat yang membuatnya terikat pada kenikmatan inderawi.","translated_text":"The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Catechism of the Catholic Church) 377 writes at its core that man was originally created perfect, whole and orderly, free from the evil tendencies that bound him to the pleasures of the senses.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm#IV |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=Man |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":219,"name":"ccc12116","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:33.952098-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang membuat kodrat manusia yang sempurna tersebut rusak, karunia keadilan dan kesucian dari Allah yang terdapat dalam diri manusia menjadi berkurang dan kekurangan ini menurun pada keturunan mereka.","translated_text":"But Adam and Eve's eating of the forbidden fruit corrupted that perfect human frame of mind, diminishing God's gift of righteousness and holiness in humans, and this deficiency diminished in their offspring.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kekurangan tersebut yang dinamakan \"dosa asal\" (KGK 416-417).","translated_text":"This deficiency is called \"the original sin\" (CCC 416-417).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":61,"name":"ccc12117","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.820164-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dosa asal tersebut mengakibatkan kodrat manusia rusak dan melemah dari yang seharusnya, tetapi kodratnya tidak sepenuhnya rusak (KGK 405).","translated_text":"The original sin resulted in the corruption and weakening of the human frame, but the frame was not completely corrupted (CCC 405).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":138,"name":"ccc12117","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.820164-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dosa asal yang dilakukan manusia pertama mengakibatkan manusia kehilangan: Rahmat kekudusan Empat berkat yang terdiri dari: keabadian, yakni manusia diyakini diciptakan bersifat abadi dan dosa asal membuat manusia dapat mengalami kematian. tidak adanya penderitaan pengetahuan akan Tuhan keutuhan, yaitu harmoni antara nafsu kedagingan dan akal budi.","translated_text":"The original sin of the first man resulted in the loss of man: the blessing of the four blessings consisting of: eternity, that is to say, the creation of man is eternal, and the original sin makes man suffer death; there is no suffering in the knowledge of God of wholeness, that is, the harmony between the desire and the intellect.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://katolisitas.org/218/masih-perlukah-sakramen-pengakuan-dosa-bagian-1 |title=Masih Perlukah Sakramen Pengakuan Dosa (Bagian 1) ? |publisher=katolisitas.org}}]","char_index":74,"name":"masih1","url":"http://katolisitas.org/218/masih-perlukah-sakramen-pengakuan-dosa-bagian-1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:35.682460-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hilangnya berkat keutuhan menyebabkan manusia kesulitan menundukkan keinginan dagingnya pada akal budinya, sehingga manusia memiliki kecenderungan untuk berbuat dosa atau konkupisensi (KGK 405-418).","translated_text":"The loss of integrity makes it difficult for man to subdue his fleshly desires to his conscience, so that man has a tendency to sin or compulsion.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":198,"name":"ccc12117","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.820164-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Doktrin dosa asal ini tidak ditemukan dalam ajaran Yahudi arus utama.","translated_text":"This original doctrine of sin is not found in mainstream Judaism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun sebagian Yahudi Ortodoks menyalahkan Adam dan Hawa atas kerusakan di dunia dan beberapa guru Yahudi di Babel percaya bahwa kematian merupakan hukuman pada manusia lantaran dosa Adam, hal itu bukan pandangan mayoritas Yahudi sekarang.","translated_text":"Although some Orthodox Jews blamed Adam and Eve for the corruption of the world and some Jewish teachers in Babylon believed that death was a punishment for mankind because of Adam's sin, that was not the view of the majority of Jews today.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Babylonian Talmud. Tractate ''Shabbat'' 55b.]","char_index":117,"name":"Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 55b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yahudi modern mengajarkan bahwa manusia lahir dalam keadaan bebas dan suci, dan berbuat dosa atas pilihan mereka sendiri.","translated_text":"Modern-day Jews teach that humans are born free and holy, and that they sin by their own choice.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Original_Sin.html |contribution=Judaism's Rejection Of Original Sin |work=Jewish Virtual Library |via=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |authorlink= |last=Kolatch |first=Alfred J. |title=The Jewish Book of Why/The Second Jewish Book of Why |location=New York |publisher=Jonathan David Publishers |year=1989 |quote=Sementara ada beberapa guru Yahudi di zaman Talmud yang percaya bahwa kematian adalah hukuman yang ditanggung atas manusia karena dosa Adam, pandangan dominan adalah bahwa manusia berdosa karena ia bukan makhluk yang sempurna, dan bukan, seperti yang diajarkan agama Kristen, karena ia adalah secara inheren berdosa.}}]","char_index":121,"name":null,"url":"https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Original_Sin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45768,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:35.753724-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"Sementara ada beberapa guru Yahudi di zaman Talmud yang percaya bahwa kematian adalah hukuman yang ditanggung atas manusia karena dosa Adam, pandangan dominan adalah bahwa manusia berdosa karena ia bukan makhluk yang sempurna, dan bukan, seperti yang diajarkan agama Kristen, karena ia adalah secara inheren berdosa.","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.71142578125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam Islam juga tidak ditemukan adanya kepercayaan ini.","translated_text":"There is no such belief in Islam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/ |title=Islamic beliefs about human nature |publisher=ReligionFacts |date=20 November 2016 |accessdate=24 January 2017}}]","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6603,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:36.373451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2004|title=Repentance - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25|quote=}}]","char_index":56,"name":":0","url":"http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2004","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.055228-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa meski bersalah, Adam dan Hawa bertaubat dan telah menerima pengampunan.","translated_text":"The Qur'an says that Adam and Eve repented and were forgiven.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 37]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[John L. Esposito (2004). ''The Oxford dictionary of Islam''. [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 295]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47|title=Adam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25|quote=Manusia pertama. Diciptakan untuk menjadi wakil Allah (pelayan) di bumi. Al-Quran mencatat kejatuhan Adam dari kasih karunia sebagai akibat dari ketidaktaatan pada perintah-perintah Allah, tetapi, tidak seperti tradisi Kristen, kejatuhan itu tidak disertai “dosa asal” yang diturunkan kepada seluruh umat manusia. Tuhan memaafkan Adam ketika dia bertobat dan berbalik dari ketidakpercayaan.}}]","char_index":101,"name":null,"url":"http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.473747-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"Manusia pertama. Diciptakan untuk menjadi wakil Allah (pelayan) di bumi. Al-Quran mencatat kejatuhan Adam dari kasih karunia sebagai akibat dari ketidaktaatan pada perintah-perintah Allah, tetapi, tidak seperti tradisi Kristen, kejatuhan itu tidak disertai “dosa asal” yang diturunkan kepada seluruh umat manusia. Tuhan memaafkan Adam ketika dia bertobat dan berbalik dari ketidakpercayaan.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Identitas dan peran gender","translated_text":"Gender identity and role","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pandangan mengenai Hawa acapkali menjadi acuan bagi peran dan kedudukan perempuan secara umum dalam agama dan masyarakat, utamanya pada masyarakat Barat Abad Pertengahan.","translated_text":"The view of Eve is often a reference to the role and status of women in general in religion and society, especially in Medieval Western society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sarjana Timur Dekat Carol Lyons Meyers menyatakan bahwa kisah Hawa merupakan bagian Alkitab yang paling memengaruhi gagasan masyarakat Barat terkait gender dan identitas.","translated_text":"Near Eastern scholar Carol Lyons Meyers notes that the story of Eve is the part of the Bible that most influenced Western ideas about gender and identity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book | last =Meyers | first = Carol | title =Discovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women in Context | url =https://archive.org/details/discoveringevean0000meye | publisher =Oxford University Press |location = New York |year= 1988|isbn=9780195049343|oclc=242712170}}]","char_index":170,"name":"Carol Meyers","url":"https://archive.org/details/discoveringevean0000meye","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":224272,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.852677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sosiologis Linda L. Lindsey menyatakan bahwa wanita menanggung lebih berat beban dosa asal, penciptaannya dari rusuk Adam, urutan kedua diciptakan setelah Adam, dengan kutukan Tuhan saat pengusirannya dari Taman Eden kerap menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kekuasaan pria atas wanita.","translated_text":"Sociologist Linda L. Lindsey states that women bear a heavier burden of original sin, her creation from Adam's rib, the second order created after Adam, with God's curse upon her expulsion from the Garden of Eden often being the basis for supporting male authority over women.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Lindsey|first1=Linda L|title=Gender Roles: A Sociological perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/genderrolessocio0000lind_d8y7|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-205-89968-5}}]","char_index":280,"name":"Linda L. Lindsey","url":"https://archive.org/details/genderrolessocio0000lind_d8y7","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219960,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:42.776073-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari sisi lain, Trible dan Frymer-Kensky melihat bahwa kisah Hawa dalam Kejadian tidak menunjukkan inferioritas Hawa atas Adam.","translated_text":"On the other hand, Trible and Frymer-Kensky observed that the Genesis account of Eve does not indicate Eve's inferiority to Adam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kata \"penolong\" (ezer) menunjukkan pendamping dalam Alkitab alih-alih pembantu, dan kata ini juga digunakan pada hubungan Tuhan pada (Bani) Israel (bukan Israel pada Tuhan).","translated_text":"The word \"helper\" (ezer) refers to a companion in the Bible rather than a helper, and the word is also used in God's relationship with Israel (not Israel to God).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Trible|first1=Phyllis|title=Texts of Terror: Literary feminist readings of biblical narratives|url=https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib|date=1984|publisher=Fortress Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8006-1537-6}}]","char_index":173,"name":"Trible1984terror","url":"https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216875,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:46.708732-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Frymer-Kensky|first1=Tikva|title=Studies in Bible and feminist criticism|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinbiblefe0000frym|date=2006|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=9780827607989|edition= 1st|oclc=62127975}}]","char_index":173,"name":"Frymer-Kensky2006","url":"https://archive.org/details/studiesinbiblefe0000frym","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:50.722199-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Trible menjelaskan bahwa, dalam mitologi, hal yang diciptakan terakhir secara tradisi merupakan puncak penciptaan, yang tersirat dalam Kejadian 1 bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan setelah segala sesuatu yang lain—kecuali Hawa.","translated_text":"Trible explains that, in mythology, the last thing traditionally created is the culmination of creation, implied in Genesis 1 that man (Adam) was created after everything else except Eve.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Trible|first1=Phyllis|title=Texts of Terror: Literary feminist readings of biblical narratives|url=https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib|date=1984|publisher=Fortress Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8006-1537-6}}]","char_index":224,"name":"Trible1984terror","url":"https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216875,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:46.708732-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, sarjana Perjanjian Baru Craig Blomberg mengatakan bangsa Yahudi kuno mungkin telah melihat urutan penciptaan sebagai bentuk keistimewaan kepada putra sulung terkait hak waris (baik dalam tulisan suci mereka dan dalam budaya sekitarnya) dan menafsirkan Adam diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa sebagai tanda hak istimewanya.","translated_text":"However, New Testament scholar Craig Blomberg says that the ancient Jews may have viewed the order of creation as a form of privilege to the firstborn son in relation to inheritance (both in their scriptures and in surrounding cultures) and interpreted Adam as having been created before Eve as a sign of his special right.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|author1=Craig L. Blomberg|chapter=Chapter 2: Women in Ministry: a complementarian perspective|editor1-last=Beck|editor1-first=James R.|display-editors=etal|title=Two views on women in ministry|url=https://archive.org/details/twoviewsonwomeni0000unse|date=2009|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=9780310254379|oclc=779330381}}]","char_index":326,"name":"Blomberg","url":"https://archive.org/details/twoviewsonwomeni0000unse","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218707,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:55.436438-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Yahudi","translated_text":"Jews","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penciptaan Hawa, menurut Rabi Joshua, adalah bahwa Tuhan mempertimbangkan dari anggota badan Adam yang mana Hawa akan diciptakan.","translated_text":"The creation of Eve, according to Rabbi Joshua, was that God considered from which part of Adam's body Eve would be created.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia tidak diciptakan dari kepala Adam karena akan menjadi orang yang sombong, tidak diciptakan dari mata karena dia akan ingin mengorek semua hal, tidak dari telinga karena dia akan berkeinginan mendengar semua hal, tidak dari mulut karena dia akan banyak bicara, tidak dari hati karena dia akan iri pada orang-orang, tidak dari tangan karena dia akan berkeinginan untuk mengambil semua hal, tidak dari kaki karena dia akan menjadi seorang petualang.","translated_text":"He wasn't created from Adam's head because he would be arrogant, he wasn't created from his eyes because he would want to scratch everything, he wasn't created from his ears because he would want to hear everything, he wasn't created from his mouth because he would talk a lot, he wasn't created from his heart because he would be jealous of people, he wasn't created from his hands because he would want to take everything, he wasn't created from his feet because he would be an adventurer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu Hawa diciptakan dari anggota yang disembunyikan, yaitu tulang rusuk, yang bahkan tidak terlihat ketika manusia telanjang.","translated_text":"So Eve was created from a hidden limb, a rib, which is not even visible when a person is naked.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Polano, Hymen (1890). ''The Talmud. Selections from the contents of that ancient book... Also, brief sketches of the men who made and commented upon it'', p. 280. F. Warne, {{ISBN|1-150-73362-4}}, digitized by [https://books.google.com/books?id=5EApAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280 Google Books] on 7 July 2008]","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=5EApAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":44628,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:59.741313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09967041015625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Literatur rabinik awal mengandung tradisi-tradisi yang menggambarkan Hawa dengan cara yang kurang baik.","translated_text":"Early rabbinical literature contained traditions that portrayed Eve in an unfavorable way.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut Bereshith Rabba 18: 4, Adam dengan cepat menyadari bahwa Hawa ditakdirkan untuk terlibat dalam pertengkaran terus-menerus dengannya.","translated_text":"According to Bereshith Rabba 18:4, Adam quickly realized that Eve was destined to engage in a continual quarrel with her.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Wanita pertama juga menjadi objek tuduhan yang dinisbatkan kepada Rabi Joshua dari Siknin, yang menurutnya Hawa, terlepas dari upaya ilahi, ternyata \"berkepala bengkak, genit, penyadap, gosip, rentan terhadap kecemburuan, suka mencuri, dan petualang.\"","translated_text":"The first woman was also the subject of a controversial accusation brought against Rabbi Joshua of Siknin, who, according to Eve, despite her divine efforts, proved to be \"a boisterous, boisterous, gossipy, jealous, stealthy, and adventurous woman\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Ibid. 18: 2).","translated_text":"(Judg. 18:2) What a blessing that is!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Serangkaian dakwaan yang serupa muncul dalam Bereshith Rabba 17: 8, yang dengannya penciptaan Hawa dari tulang rusuk Adam alih-alih dari bumi membuatnya lebih rendah dari Adam dan tidak pernah puas dengan apapun.","translated_text":"A series of similar allegations appears in Bereshith Rabba 17:8, by which the creation of Eve from Adam's rib instead of from the earth made her inferior to Adam and never satisfied with anything.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akhirnya, kejahatan paling jahat yang dikaitkan dengan Hawa muncul dalam Bereshith Rabba 17: 8:\"Mengapa seorang pria pergi tanpa topi sementara seorang wanita keluar dengan kepala tertutup?","translated_text":"Finally, the most vicious crime associated with Eve appears in Bereshith Rabba 17:8: \"Why does a man go without a hat while a woman goes out with her head covered?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia seperti orang yang telah berbuat salah dan malu pada orang; karena itu dia pergi dengan kepala tertutup.","translated_text":"He is like a man that hath transgressed, and is ashamed of men; therefore he goeth with his head covered.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mengapa mereka [para wanita] berjalan di depan mayat [di pemakaman]?","translated_text":"Why do they [the women] walk in front of the dead [in the graves]?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena mereka membawa maut ke dunia, oleh karena itu mereka berjalan di depan mayat, [seperti yang tertulis], \"Karena ia telah dibawa ke kubur ... dan semua orang mengikuti dia, karena ada banyak yang tak terhitung sebelum dia\" (Ayub 21: 32d).","translated_text":"Because they brought death into the world, therefore they walked before the dead body, [as it is written], \"because he was taken to the grave . . . and all the people followed him, because there were many who could not be numbered before him\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan mengapa ajaran menstruasi (nidah) diberikan kepadanya?","translated_text":"And why was she taught menstruation?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena dia menumpahkan darah Adam [dengan menyebabkan kematian], maka itu adalah ajaran menstruasi yang diberikan kepadanya.","translated_text":"Because he shed Adam's blood [by causing death], it was the menstrual instruction given to him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan mengapa ajaran \"adonan\" (ḥalah) diberikan kepadanya?","translated_text":"And why was he instructed?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena dia merusak Adam, yang adalah adonan dunia, maka itu adalah ajaran adonan yang diberikan kepadanya.","translated_text":"Since he corrupted Adam, which was the leaven of the world, then it was the leaven teaching that was given to him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan mengapa ajaran tentang cahaya Sabat (nerot shabat) diberikan kepadanya?","translated_text":"And why was he taught the light of the Sabbath?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena dia memadamkan jiwa Adam, oleh karena itu adalah ajaran dari lampu Sabat yang diberikan kepadanya.\"","translated_text":"For he extinguished the soul of Adam, therefore the lesson of the Sabbath lamp was given to him\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Genesis Rabbah, in: Judaic Classics Library, Davka Software. (CD-ROM).]","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain itu, literatur rabi awal mengandung banyak contoh saat Hawa didakwa berbagai pelanggaran seksual.","translated_text":"In addition, early rabbinic literature contains many examples of when Eve was accused of various sexual offenses.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dituliskan dalam Bereshith Rabba 3:16 bahwa \"hasratmu akan untuk suamimu,\" dia dituduh oleh para rabi karena memiliki dorongan seksual yang terlalu maju (Bereshith Rabba 20: 7) dan terus-menerus menggoda Adam (ibid.","translated_text":"It is written in Bereshith Rabba 3:16 that \"your desire will be for your husband\", accused by the rabbis of having an overly advanced sexual drive (Bereshith Rabba 20:7) and continually seducing Adam (ibid.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"23: 5).","translated_text":"(Matthew 23:5)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, dalam hal popularitas dan penyebaran teks, motif Hawa bersanggama dengan ular purba mengambil prioritas di atas pelanggaran seksualnya yang lain.","translated_text":"However, in terms of the popularity and spread of the text, Eve's motives in alignment with the ancient serpent took precedence over her other sexual offences.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun agak membingungkan, kisah ini disampaikan di banyak tempat: Bereshith Rabba 18: 6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b–146a dan 196a, Yevamot 103b dan 'Avodah zarah 22b.","translated_text":"Although somewhat confusing, the story is told in many places: Bereshith Rabba 18:6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b ⁇ 146a and 196a, Yevamot 103b and 'Avodah zarah 22b.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite journal|last=Kosior|first=Wojciech|date=2018|title=A Tale of Two Sisters: The Image of Eve in Early Rabbinic Literature and Its Influence on the Portrayal of Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira|url=https://www.academia.edu/36771379|journal=Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues|volume=|issue=32|pages=112–130|doi=10.2979/nashim.32.1.10|via=}}]","char_index":164,"name":"Kosior 2018 112–130","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36771379","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111742,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:59.885185-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.798828125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam tradisi Yahudi, Filo, Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, dan Targum Yerushalmi menyatakan bahwa Adam bukanlah ayah dari Qabil/Kain.","translated_text":"In Jewish tradition, Philo, Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, and Targum Yerushalmi state that Adam was not the father of Qabil/Kain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebaliknya, Hawa menjadi sasaran perzinahan karena dirayu Sammael, ular (nahash, ) di Taman Eden, atau iblis sendiri, dan Hawa berseru saat kelahiran Kain, \"Aku telah mendapatkan seorang putra melalui seorang malaikat Tuhan.\"","translated_text":"On the contrary, Eve became the object of adultery by being tempted by Samuel, the serpent (nahash, ) in the garden of Eden, or the Devil himself, and Eve cried out at the birth of Cain, \"I have borne a son by the hand of an angel of Jehovah\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Louis Ginzberg, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA75#v=onepage ''The Legends of the Jews'', Vol.1], [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1998, {{ISBN|0-8018-5890-9}}, p.105–09]","char_index":97,"name":"Ginzberg","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA75","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42582,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:00.480885-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Ginzberg, Louis (1909). ''[http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf The Legends of the Jews Vol I: The Ten Generations - The Birth of Cain]'' (Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.]","char_index":225,"name":null,"url":"http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:00.662163-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kristen","translated_text":"The Christian","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yesus menegaskan bahwa pada awal dunia, Tuhan menciptakan satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan untuk disatukan sebagai suami istri.","translated_text":"Jesus asserted that at the beginning of the world, God created one man and one woman to be united as husband and wife.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Markus 19:5}}]","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Markus 10:6-9}}]","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun tidak menyebut nama Hawa, ini merupakan pengakuan Yesus akan kebenaran catatan di Kitab Kejadian tentang penciptaan Adam dan Hawa.","translated_text":"Although not named after Eve, this is Jesus' acknowledgment of the truthfulness of the Genesis account of Adam and Eve's creation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paulus mengingatkan jemaat di Korintus agar waspada terhadap penyesatan oleh iblis seperti yang pernah dialami Hawa, \"Tetapi aku takut, kalau-kalau pikiran kamu disesatkan dari kesetiaan kamu yang sejati kepada Kristus, sama seperti Hawa diperdayakan oleh ular itu dengan kelicikannya.\"","translated_text":"Paul warned the congregation in Corinth to be on guard against the temptation of the Devil as Eve did: \"But I am afraid that, just as Eve was deceived by the serpent with her cunning, so also your minds may be led astray from the integrity to the Christ\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|2 Korintus 11:3}}]","char_index":286,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terkait sikap dalam ibadah jemaat, Paulus menyatakan bahwa perempuan harus berdiam diri dan mendengar dengan patuh, juga tidak diperkenankan mengajari laki-laki.","translated_text":"Regarding the attitude in congregation worship, Paul stated that women should be silent and obedient, nor are they permitted to teach men.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sikap ini dikaitkan dengan Adam yang diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa, juga karena Hawa yang tergoda pertama kali memakan buah terlarang.","translated_text":"This attitude is attributed to Adam, who was created before Eve, and also to the fact that Eve was tempted to eat the forbidden fruit first.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|1 Timotius 2:11-14}}]","char_index":136,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Islam","translated_text":"Islam","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terkait buah terlarang, Al-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan bahwa Hawa yang pertama kali memakannya.","translated_text":"Regarding the forbidden fruit, the Qur'an does not explain that Eve was the first to eat it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Baik Adam dan Hawa dijelaskan sama-sama bersalah, sama-sama bertaubat, juga sama-sama menerima ampunan.","translated_text":"Both Adam and Eve are described as both guilty, both repentant, and both receiving forgiveness.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 36-37]","char_index":103,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Al-A'raf (07): 22-23]","char_index":103,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hawa dipandang sebagai Ummul Basyar (ibu umat manusia), tetapi pengaruhnya tidak begitu kuat pada peran dan kedudukan perempuan di dunia Muslim bila dibandingkan dengan di Barat.","translated_text":"Eve was viewed as the Ummul Basyar (mother of mankind), but her influence on the role and status of women in the Muslim world was not as strong as in the West.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rasisme","translated_text":"Racism","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Abad Pencerahan, gagasan mengenai keberadaan manusia sebelum Adam, disebut Pra-Adamit, menantang narasi Alkitab tentang asal-muasal manusia.","translated_text":"In the Enlightenment, the idea of pre-Adamic human existence, called Pre-Adamic, challenged the Bible's account of the origin of man.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada abad ke-19, gagasan pra-Adamit mulai diterima dengan sifat supremasi kulit putih.","translated_text":"In the 19th century, pre-Adamite ideas began to be accepted as white supremacy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dikatakan bahwa manusia non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam, tetapi manusia pra-Adam, sehingga kedudukan mereka lebih rendah dari ras kulit putih.","translated_text":"It is said that non-white humans are not descended from Adam, but from pre-Adamic humans, so they are inferior to the white race.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ilmuwan yang mendukung ini antara lain Charles Caldwell, Josiah C. Nott, dan Samuel G. Morton.","translated_text":"Scientists supporting this include Charles Caldwell, Josiah C. Nott, and Samuel G. Morton.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah Perang Saudara Amerika, orang Selatan semakin menerima argumen yang mendukung kepercayaan mereka pada inferioritas kulit hitam.","translated_text":"After the American Civil War, Southerners increasingly accepted arguments in support of their belief in black inferiority.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1867, Buckner H. Payne, dengan nama pena Ariel, menulis sebuah pamflet, The Negro:","translated_text":"In 1867, Buckner H. Payne, under the pen name Ariel, wrote a pamphlet, The Negro:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"What is His Ethnological Status?","translated_text":"What is his ethnological status?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia berargumen bahwa orang Negro adalah binatang pra-Adam dari ladang (dianggap sebagai tatanan monyet yang lebih tinggi), yang dilestarikan di Bahtera Nuh.","translated_text":"He argued that the Negroes were pre-Adamic animals of the field (considered to be of a higher order of monkeys), preserved in Noah's Ark.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1891, William Campbell, dengan nama pena \"Caucasian\", menulis dalam Anthropology for the People: A Refutation of the Theory of the Adamic Origin of All Races bahwa orang-orang non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam dan karena itu \"bukan saudara dalam pengertian istilah yang tepat, tetapi ciptaan yang lebih rendah\" dan bahwa poligenisme adalah satu-satunya teori yang dapat bersanding dengan Alkitab.","translated_text":"In 1891, William Campbell, with the pen name \"Caucasian\", wrote in Anthropology for the People: A Refutation of the Theory of the Adamic Origin of All Races that non-white people were not descendants of Adam and therefore \"not brothers in the proper sense of the term, but inferior creatures\" and that polygamy was the only theory that could compare with the Bible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mengikuti Payne, Campbell menyatakan bahwa banjir besar zaman Nuh merupakan akibat dari pernikahan manusia kulit putih (keturunan Adam) dan keturunan pra-Adamit yang dipandang sebagai sebab kerusakan dunia.","translated_text":"Following Payne, Campbell argued that the great flood of Noah's day was the result of the marriage of white humans (the descendants of Adam) and pre-Adamite descendants who were seen as the cause of the destruction of the world.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[dalam Harvey, 2005, hlm. 43.]","char_index":206,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam perpaduan yang tidak biasa dari pemikiran evolusioner kontemporer dan pra-Adamisme, evolusionis dan geolog the Vanderbilt University, Alexander Winchell, berargumen dalam traktat 1878-nya Adamites and Preadamites bahwa bangsa Negro terlalu inferior secara rasial untuk dikatakan dikembangkan dari Adam dalam Alkitab.","translated_text":"In an unusual blend of contemporary and pre-Adamistic evolutionary thought, the evolutionist and geologist of Vanderbilt University, Alexander Winchell, argued in his 1878 treatise Adamites and Preadamites that the Negro nation was too racially inferior to be said to have evolved from Adam in the Bible.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Winchell juga percaya bahwa hukum evolusi bekerja sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan.","translated_text":"Winchell also believed that the laws of evolution worked according to God's will.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Smith, 2003, hlm. 50.]","char_index":79,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengacara Irlandia Dominick McCausland, seorang literalis Alkitab dan anti-Darwin, berpendapat bahwa bangsa Tionghoa adalah keturunan dari Kain/Qabil dan bahwa ras \"Kaukasia\" pada akhirnya akan memusnahkan semua yang lain.","translated_text":"Irish lawyer Dominick McCausland, a biblical and anti-Darwinist, argued that the Chinese were descendants of Cain/Qabil and that the \"Caucasian\" race would eventually destroy all others.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia berpendapat bahwa hanya keturunan \"Kaukasia\" dari Adam yang mampu menciptakan peradaban, dan dia mencoba menjelaskan bahwa peradaban \"non-Kaukasia\" yang telah berkembang sebenarnya adalah ras \"Kaukasia\" yang hilang, yakni keturunan Ham bin Nuh.","translated_text":"He argued that only the \"Caucasian\" descendants of Adam were capable of creating civilizations, and he tried to explain that the \"non-Caucasian\" civilizations that had developed were actually the lost \"Caucasian\" race, the descendants of Ham the son of Noah.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Dominick M'Causland, The Builders of Babel, 1871; Patrick Maume “Dominick McCausland and Adam’s Ancestors: an Irish Evangelical responds to the Scientific Challenge to Biblical Inerrancy” in Juliana Adelman and Eadaoin Agnew (eds) Science and Technology in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2011)]","char_index":248,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1900, Charles Carroll menulis The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God.","translated_text":"In 1900, Charles Carroll wrote The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia menyimpulkan dalam buku itu bahwa ras kulit putih dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah dan bahwa Adam hanya melahirkan ras kulit putih, dan orang negro adalah binatang pra-Adam, yang tidak mungkin dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah karena mereka seperti binatang buas, tidak bermoral dan jelek.","translated_text":"He concluded in the book that the white race was made in the image and likeness of God and that Adam produced only the white race, and that blacks were pre-Adamic animals, who could not be made in the image and likeness of God because they were like savages, immoral and ugly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[Charles Carroll The negro a beast\"; or, \"In the image of God\"; the reasoner of the age, the revelator of the century! The Bible as it is! The negro and his relation to the human family! The negro not the son of Ham, 1900]","char_index":300,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Carroll mengklaim bahwa ras pra-Adam, seperti orang kulit hitam, tidak memiliki jiwa.","translated_text":"Carroll claims that pre-Adamic races, like blacks, had no souls.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Carroll percaya bahwa percampuran ras adalah penghinaan terhadap Tuhan dan merusak rencana ras penciptaan Allah.","translated_text":"Carroll believed that mixing races was an affront to God and a violation of God's racial plan of creation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut Carroll, pencampuran ras juga menyebabkan kesalahan ateisme dan evolusi.","translated_text":"According to Carroll, mixing races also led to the mistakes of atheism and evolution.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Colin Kidd, ''The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000'', 2006, hlm. 150]","char_index":80,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Perincian mengenai kisah Adam dan Hawa dari sudut pandang Al-Qur'an dan Alkitab: Adam Hawa","translated_text":"Details of the story of Adam and Eve from the point of view of the Quran and the Bible: Adam Eve","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar pustaka","translated_text":"List of libraries","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Harvey, Paul (2005).","translated_text":"Harvey and Paul (2005).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Freedom's Coming : Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era. UNC Press.","translated_text":"Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Smith, Christian (2003).","translated_text":"This is not a problem.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Secular Revolution.","translated_text":"The secular revolution.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"University of California Press.","translated_text":"The University of California Press.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Adam dan Hawa Kategori:Tokoh Perjanjian Lama Kategori:Kitab Kejadian","translated_text":"Category:Adam and Eve Category:Old Testament characters Category:Book of Genesis","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Meski secara garis besar sama, ada perbedaan di antara Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an mengenai kisah Adam. Kisah penciptaan Adam Kisah Adam dalam Alkitab diawali dengan Allah menciptakan alam semesta beserta isinya.","translated_text":"Although broadly similar, there is a difference between the Bible and the Qur'an regarding the story of Adam. The story of Adam's creation The Bible story of Adam begins with God creating the universe and its contents.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 1: 1-31}}]","char_index":206,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Meski secara garis besar sama, ada perbedaan di antara Alkitab dan Al-Qur'an mengenai kisah Adam. Kisah penciptaan Adam Kisah Adam dalam Alkitab diawali dengan Allah menciptakan alam semesta beserta isinya. Alkitab menerangkan bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan menurut rupa dan gambar Allah, sedangkan Al-Qur'an menyatakan bahwa tidak ada yang serupa dengan Allah..","translated_text":"Although broadly similar, there is a difference between the Bible and the Qur'an regarding the story of Adam. The story of Adam's creation The Bible story of Adam begins with God creating the universe and its contents. The Bible explains that man (Adam) was created in the image and likeness of God, while the Qur'an states that there is none like God.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 1: 26}}]","char_index":289,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Asy-Syura (42): 11]","char_index":362,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alkitab menerangkan bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan menurut rupa dan gambar Allah, sedangkan Al-Qur'an menyatakan bahwa tidak ada yang serupa dengan Allah.. Kisah penciptaan Adam dalam Al-Qur'an diawali dengan percakapan antara Allah dan para malaikat. Allah menyatakan hendak menciptakan manusia yang berperan sebagai khalifah (wakil, penerus) di bumi, tetapi malaikat memandang bahwa mereka yang lebih pantas menerima peran tersebut karena mereka selalu bertasbih pada Allah, sedangkan manusia dipandang hanya akan merusak bumi dan menumpahkan darah di sana.","translated_text":"The Bible explains that man (Adam) was created in the image and likeness of God, while the Qur'an states that there is none like God. The story of Adam in the Qur'an begins with a conversation between Allah and the angels. God declares that He will create human beings as successors in the earth, but the angels consider them to be more worthy of this role because they glorify Him.","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 30]","char_index":560,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Allah menyatakan hendak menciptakan manusia yang berperan sebagai khalifah (wakil, penerus) di bumi, tetapi malaikat memandang bahwa mereka yang lebih pantas menerima peran tersebut karena mereka selalu bertasbih pada Allah, sedangkan manusia dipandang hanya akan merusak bumi dan menumpahkan darah di sana. Alkitab tidak menyertakan percakapan ini. Dalam Alkitab disebutkan bahwa Allah meminta Adam memberi nama hewan-hewan..","translated_text":"God declares that He will create human beings as successors in the earth, but the angels consider them to be more worthy of this role because they glorify Him. The Bible does not include this conversation. The Bible tells us that God asked Adam to name the animals.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 2: 19-20}}]","char_index":425,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alkitab tidak menyertakan percakapan ini. Dalam Alkitab disebutkan bahwa Allah meminta Adam memberi nama hewan-hewan.. Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan nama segala sesuatu pada Adam, Al-Qur'an menjelaskan bahwa Allah memerintahkan para malaikat untuk bersujud kepada Adam.","translated_text":"The Bible does not include this conversation. The Bible tells us that God asked Adam to name the animals. And He commanded the angels to prostrate themselves before him.","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 31]","char_index":211,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam Alkitab disebutkan bahwa Allah meminta Adam memberi nama hewan-hewan.. Sedangkan dalam Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa Allah mengajarkan nama segala sesuatu pada Adam, Al-Qur'an menjelaskan bahwa Allah memerintahkan para malaikat untuk bersujud kepada Adam. Para malaikat melakukannya, tetapi iblis menolak sehingga dia diusir dari surga.","translated_text":"The Bible tells us that God asked Adam to name the animals. And He commanded the angels to prostrate themselves before him. The angels did, but Satan refused and was cast out of heaven.","citations":[{"content":"[Al-A'raf (07): 13]","char_index":339,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Al-Hijr (15): 34-35]","char_index":339,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Para malaikat melakukannya, tetapi iblis menolak sehingga dia diusir dari surga. Kisah ini tidak terdapat dalam Alkitab. Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa saat Adam tidur, Allah menciptakan Hawa dari tulang rusuknya.","translated_text":"The angels did, but Satan refused and was cast out of heaven. This story is not found in the Bible. The Bible tells us that while Adam was sleeping, God created Eve from his rib.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 2: 21-24}}]","char_index":208,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa saat Adam tidur, Allah menciptakan Hawa dari tulang rusuknya. Al -Qur'an tidak menjelaskan mengenai penciptaan Hawa, tetapi ayat Al-Qur'an yang menyatakan bahwa manusia diciptakan \"dari diri yang satu dan Allah menciptakan pasangannya dari dirinya\" ditafsirkan sebagai penciptaan Hawa yang berasal dari bagian Adam.","translated_text":"The Bible tells us that while Adam was sleeping, God created Eve from his rib. The Al - The Qur'an does not explain the creation of Eve, but the verse of the Qur'an that says that man was created \"from one and God created his mate from him\" is interpreted as the creation of Eve from the part of Adam.","citations":[{"content":"[An-Nisa' (04): 01]","char_index":274,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Al-A'raf (07): 189]","char_index":274,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Al -Qur'an tidak menjelaskan mengenai penciptaan Hawa, tetapi ayat Al-Qur'an yang menyatakan bahwa manusia diciptakan \"dari diri yang satu dan Allah menciptakan pasangannya dari dirinya\" ditafsirkan sebagai penciptaan Hawa yang berasal dari bagian Adam. Salah satu riwayat hadits menyebutkan bahwa wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk.","translated_text":"The Al - The Qur'an does not explain the creation of Eve, but the verse of the Qur'an that says that man was created \"from one and God created his mate from him\" is interpreted as the creation of Eve from the part of Adam. One hadith tells us that women were created from ribs.","citations":[{"content":"[\"Bersikaplah yang baik kepada wanita, karena wanita diciptakan dari tulang rusuk, dan tulang rusuk yang paling bengkok adalah bagian paling atas. Jika kalian luruskan dengan keras, akan patah. Sebaliknya, jika kalian biarkan akan selalu bengkok. Karena itu, bersikaplah yang baik kepada wanita.\" (HR. Bukhari 3331 & Muslim 1468)]","char_index":334,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Alkitab menyebutkan bahwa ular membujuk Hawa memakan buah terlarang. Setelah memakannya, Hawa kemudian membujuk Adam agar ikut memakannya juga. Setelahnya, Allah kemudian mengutuk ular dan membuatnya berjalan menggunakan perut seumur hidup, menghukum Hawa dengan memberikan kepayahan saat mengandung dan melahirkan dan membuat suaminya berkuasa atasnya, dan menghukum Adam dengan menjadikannya bersusah payah mencari rezeki dari tanah sampai dia sendiri kembali menjadi tanah.","translated_text":"The Bible tells us that Eve was tempted by a serpent to eat the forbidden fruit. After eating it, Eve persuaded Adam to join her. Then God cursed the serpent and made him walk with his belly for a lifetime, punished Eve by giving her birth and giving her husband authority over her, and punished Adam by making him toil from the ground until he himself became dust.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Kejadian 3: 14-19}}]","char_index":476,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gereja Katolik mengakui Adam dan Hawa sebagai santo dan santa.","translated_text":"The Catholic Church recognizes Adam and Eve as saints and saints.","citations":[{"content":"[Steve Ray, \"St[s]. Adam and Eve, St. Abraham, St. Moses–Did You Know Some Old Testament People Are Saints?\", https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ |date=2019-07-21 }}; confer ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 61.]","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":97942,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:24.512009-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (64 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Steve Ray, \"St[s]. Adam and Eve, St. Abraham, St. Moses–Did You Know Some Old Testament People Are Saints?\", https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/ |date=2019-07-21 }}; confer ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', 61.]","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190721135546/https://www.catholicconvert.com/blog/2019/01/16/st-adam-eve-st-abraham-st-moses-did-you-know-some-old-testament-people-are-saints/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:25.707932-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Islam mengakui Adam sebagai nabi dan termasuk dalam daftar 25 nabi. Al-Asy'ari berpendapat bahwa Hawa adalah seorang nabiah (nabi perempuan).","translated_text":"Islam recognizes Adam as a prophet and is among the 25 prophets. Al-Asy'ari argues that Eve was a prophetess.","citations":[{"content":"[Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447]","char_index":141,"name":"Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Islam mengakui Adam sebagai nabi dan termasuk dalam daftar 25 nabi. Al-Asy'ari berpendapat bahwa Hawa adalah seorang nabiah (nabi perempuan). Beberapa ulama yang mendukung adanya nabiah antara lain Ibnu Hazm, Al-Qurthubi, dan Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari.","translated_text":"Islam recognizes Adam as a prophet and is among the 25 prophets. Al-Asy'ari argues that Eve was a prophetess. Some scholars who support the existence of prophets include Ibn Hazm, Al-Qurthubi, and Abu al-Hasan al-Asy'ari.","citations":[{"content":"[Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447]","char_index":250,"name":"Ibnu Hajar, Fathul Bari, 6/447","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Ibnu Hazm, al-Fashl fi al-Milal wa an-Nihal 2/60]","char_index":250,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Lawami'ul Anwar Al-Bahiyah: 2/66]","char_index":250,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut pandangan Baha'i, Adam adalah perwujudan Allah yang pertama dalam sejarah.","translated_text":"According to the Baha'i view, Adam was the first incarnation of God in history.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last= Taherzadeh|first= Adib|year= 1972|title= ''The Covenant of Baha'u'llah''|publisher= George Ronald|location=[[Oxford]], [[Inggris]]|id= ISBN 0-85398-344-5|pages= hlm. 32}}]","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut pandangan Baha'i, Adam adalah perwujudan Allah yang pertama dalam sejarah. Penganut Baha'i meyakini bahwa Adam memulai siklus Adamik yang berlangsung selama 6.000 tahun dan berpuncak pada Nabi Muhammad.","translated_text":"According to the Baha'i view, Adam was the first incarnation of God in history. Baha'is believe that Adam initiated the Adamic cycle that lasted for 6,000 years and culminated in the Prophet Muhammad.","citations":[{"content":"[Surat yang ditulis atas nama ''Universal House of Justice'' kepada setiap umat pada tanggal [[13 Maret]] [[1986]]. {{cite book|first=Shoghi|last=Effendi|authorlink= Shoghi Effendi|coauthors= The Universal House of Justice|editor= Hornby, Helen (editor)|year= 1983|title= ''Lights of Guidance: A Baha'i Reference File''|publisher= Baha'i Publishing Trust, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]|id= ISBN 81-85091-46-3|url= http://bahai-library.com/?file=hornby_lights_guidance|pages = hlm. 500}}]","char_index":210,"name":null,"url":"http://bahai-library.com/?file=hornby_lights_guidance","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":707862,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:32.916978-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.4697265625}]},{"text":"Dalam doktrin Kristen, peristiwa Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang memicu yang kemudian disebut dosa asal. Katekismus Gereja Katolik (KGK) 377 menuliskan yang intinya bahwa awalnya manusia diciptakan sempurna, seluruh kodratnya utuh dan teratur, bebas dari kecenderungan jahat yang membuatnya terikat pada kenikmatan inderawi.","translated_text":"In Christian doctrine, the incident of Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit triggered what was later called original sin. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Catechism of the Catholic Church) 377 writes at its core that man was originally created perfect, whole and orderly, free from the evil tendencies that bound him to the pleasures of the senses.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm#IV |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=Man |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":334,"name":"ccc12116","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:33.952098-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Katekismus Gereja Katolik (KGK) 377 menuliskan yang intinya bahwa awalnya manusia diciptakan sempurna, seluruh kodratnya utuh dan teratur, bebas dari kecenderungan jahat yang membuatnya terikat pada kenikmatan inderawi. Namun Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang membuat kodrat manusia yang sempurna tersebut rusak, karunia keadilan dan kesucian dari Allah yang terdapat dalam diri manusia menjadi berkurang dan kekurangan ini menurun pada keturunan mereka. Kekurangan tersebut yang dinamakan \"dosa asal\" (KGK 416-417).","translated_text":"The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Catechism of the Catholic Church) 377 writes at its core that man was originally created perfect, whole and orderly, free from the evil tendencies that bound him to the pleasures of the senses. But Adam and Eve's eating of the forbidden fruit corrupted that perfect human frame of mind, diminishing God's gift of righteousness and holiness in humans, and this deficiency diminished in their offspring. This deficiency is called \"the original sin\" (CCC 416-417).","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":524,"name":"ccc12117","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.820164-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun Adam dan Hawa yang memakan buah terlarang membuat kodrat manusia yang sempurna tersebut rusak, karunia keadilan dan kesucian dari Allah yang terdapat dalam diri manusia menjadi berkurang dan kekurangan ini menurun pada keturunan mereka. Kekurangan tersebut yang dinamakan \"dosa asal\" (KGK 416-417). Dosa asal tersebut mengakibatkan kodrat manusia rusak dan melemah dari yang seharusnya, tetapi kodratnya tidak sepenuhnya rusak (KGK 405).","translated_text":"But Adam and Eve's eating of the forbidden fruit corrupted that perfect human frame of mind, diminishing God's gift of righteousness and holiness in humans, and this deficiency diminished in their offspring. This deficiency is called \"the original sin\" (CCC 416-417). The original sin resulted in the corruption and weakening of the human frame, but the frame was not completely corrupted (CCC 405).","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":443,"name":"ccc12117","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.820164-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dosa asal yang dilakukan manusia pertama mengakibatkan manusia kehilangan: Rahmat kekudusan Empat berkat yang terdiri dari: keabadian, yakni manusia diyakini diciptakan bersifat abadi dan dosa asal membuat manusia dapat mengalami kematian. tidak adanya penderitaan pengetahuan akan Tuhan keutuhan, yaitu harmoni antara nafsu kedagingan dan akal budi.","translated_text":"The original sin of the first man resulted in the loss of man: the blessing of the four blessings consisting of: eternity, that is to say, the creation of man is eternal, and the original sin makes man suffer death; there is no suffering in the knowledge of God of wholeness, that is, the harmony between the desire and the intellect.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web |url=http://katolisitas.org/218/masih-perlukah-sakramen-pengakuan-dosa-bagian-1 |title=Masih Perlukah Sakramen Pengakuan Dosa (Bagian 1) ? |publisher=katolisitas.org}}]","char_index":74,"name":"masih1","url":"http://katolisitas.org/218/masih-perlukah-sakramen-pengakuan-dosa-bagian-1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4792,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:35.682460-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (24 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dosa asal yang dilakukan manusia pertama mengakibatkan manusia kehilangan: Rahmat kekudusan Empat berkat yang terdiri dari: keabadian, yakni manusia diyakini diciptakan bersifat abadi dan dosa asal membuat manusia dapat mengalami kematian. tidak adanya penderitaan pengetahuan akan Tuhan keutuhan, yaitu harmoni antara nafsu kedagingan dan akal budi. Hilangnya berkat keutuhan menyebabkan manusia kesulitan menundukkan keinginan dagingnya pada akal budinya, sehingga manusia memiliki kecenderungan untuk berbuat dosa atau konkupisensi (KGK 405-418).","translated_text":"The original sin of the first man resulted in the loss of man: the blessing of the four blessings consisting of: eternity, that is to say, the creation of man is eternal, and the original sin makes man suffer death; there is no suffering in the knowledge of God of wholeness, that is, the harmony between the desire and the intellect. The loss of integrity makes it difficult for man to subdue his fleshly desires to his conscience, so that man has a tendency to sin or compulsion.","citations":[{"content":"[{{en}} {{citation |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |chapter=The Fall |publisher=Holy See}}]","char_index":549,"name":"ccc12117","url":"http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p7.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":2962,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:34.820164-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Doktrin dosa asal ini tidak ditemukan dalam ajaran Yahudi arus utama. Meskipun sebagian Yahudi Ortodoks menyalahkan Adam dan Hawa atas kerusakan di dunia dan beberapa guru Yahudi di Babel percaya bahwa kematian merupakan hukuman pada manusia lantaran dosa Adam, hal itu bukan pandangan mayoritas Yahudi sekarang.","translated_text":"This original doctrine of sin is not found in mainstream Judaism. Although some Orthodox Jews blamed Adam and Eve for the corruption of the world and some Jewish teachers in Babylon believed that death was a punishment for mankind because of Adam's sin, that was not the view of the majority of Jews today.","citations":[{"content":"[Babylonian Talmud. Tractate ''Shabbat'' 55b.]","char_index":187,"name":"Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 55b","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Doktrin dosa asal ini tidak ditemukan dalam ajaran Yahudi arus utama. Meskipun sebagian Yahudi Ortodoks menyalahkan Adam dan Hawa atas kerusakan di dunia dan beberapa guru Yahudi di Babel percaya bahwa kematian merupakan hukuman pada manusia lantaran dosa Adam, hal itu bukan pandangan mayoritas Yahudi sekarang. Yahudi modern mengajarkan bahwa manusia lahir dalam keadaan bebas dan suci, dan berbuat dosa atas pilihan mereka sendiri.","translated_text":"This original doctrine of sin is not found in mainstream Judaism. Although some Orthodox Jews blamed Adam and Eve for the corruption of the world and some Jewish teachers in Babylon believed that death was a punishment for mankind because of Adam's sin, that was not the view of the majority of Jews today. Modern-day Jews teach that humans are born free and holy, and that they sin by their own choice.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Original_Sin.html |contribution=Judaism's Rejection Of Original Sin |work=Jewish Virtual Library |via=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |authorlink= |last=Kolatch |first=Alfred J. |title=The Jewish Book of Why/The Second Jewish Book of Why |location=New York |publisher=Jonathan David Publishers |year=1989 |quote=Sementara ada beberapa guru Yahudi di zaman Talmud yang percaya bahwa kematian adalah hukuman yang ditanggung atas manusia karena dosa Adam, pandangan dominan adalah bahwa manusia berdosa karena ia bukan makhluk yang sempurna, dan bukan, seperti yang diajarkan agama Kristen, karena ia adalah secara inheren berdosa.}}]","char_index":434,"name":null,"url":"https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Original_Sin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":45768,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:35.753724-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"Sementara ada beberapa guru Yahudi di zaman Talmud yang percaya bahwa kematian adalah hukuman yang ditanggung atas manusia karena dosa Adam, pandangan dominan adalah bahwa manusia berdosa karena ia bukan makhluk yang sempurna, dan bukan, seperti yang diajarkan agama Kristen, karena ia adalah secara inheren berdosa.","source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.71142578125}]},{"text":"Dalam Islam juga tidak ditemukan adanya kepercayaan ini.","translated_text":"There is no such belief in Islam.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/ |title=Islamic beliefs about human nature |publisher=ReligionFacts |date=20 November 2016 |accessdate=24 January 2017}}]","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":6603,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:36.373451-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2004|title=Repentance - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25|quote=}}]","char_index":56,"name":":0","url":"http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2004","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.055228-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam Islam juga tidak ditemukan adanya kepercayaan ini. Di Al-Qur'an disebutkan bahwa meski bersalah, Adam dan Hawa bertaubat dan telah menerima pengampunan.","translated_text":"There is no such belief in Islam. The Qur'an says that Adam and Eve repented and were forgiven.","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 37]","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[John L. Esposito (2004). ''The Oxford dictionary of Islam''. [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 295]","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47|title=Adam - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-25|quote=Manusia pertama. Diciptakan untuk menjadi wakil Allah (pelayan) di bumi. Al-Quran mencatat kejatuhan Adam dari kasih karunia sebagai akibat dari ketidaktaatan pada perintah-perintah Allah, tetapi, tidak seperti tradisi Kristen, kejatuhan itu tidak disertai “dosa asal” yang diturunkan kepada seluruh umat manusia. Tuhan memaafkan Adam ketika dia bertobat dan berbalik dari ketidakpercayaan.}}]","char_index":158,"name":null,"url":"http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e47","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.473747-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":"Manusia pertama. Diciptakan untuk menjadi wakil Allah (pelayan) di bumi. Al-Quran mencatat kejatuhan Adam dari kasih karunia sebagai akibat dari ketidaktaatan pada perintah-perintah Allah, tetapi, tidak seperti tradisi Kristen, kejatuhan itu tidak disertai “dosa asal” yang diturunkan kepada seluruh umat manusia. Tuhan memaafkan Adam ketika dia bertobat dan berbalik dari ketidakpercayaan.","source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pandangan mengenai Hawa acapkali menjadi acuan bagi peran dan kedudukan perempuan secara umum dalam agama dan masyarakat, utamanya pada masyarakat Barat Abad Pertengahan. Sarjana Timur Dekat Carol Lyons Meyers menyatakan bahwa kisah Hawa merupakan bagian Alkitab yang paling memengaruhi gagasan masyarakat Barat terkait gender dan identitas.","translated_text":"The view of Eve is often a reference to the role and status of women in general in religion and society, especially in Medieval Western society. Near Eastern scholar Carol Lyons Meyers notes that the story of Eve is the part of the Bible that most influenced Western ideas about gender and identity.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book | last =Meyers | first = Carol | title =Discovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women in Context | url =https://archive.org/details/discoveringevean0000meye | publisher =Oxford University Press |location = New York |year= 1988|isbn=9780195049343|oclc=242712170}}]","char_index":341,"name":"Carol Meyers","url":"https://archive.org/details/discoveringevean0000meye","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":224272,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:37.852677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Pandangan mengenai Hawa acapkali menjadi acuan bagi peran dan kedudukan perempuan secara umum dalam agama dan masyarakat, utamanya pada masyarakat Barat Abad Pertengahan. Sarjana Timur Dekat Carol Lyons Meyers menyatakan bahwa kisah Hawa merupakan bagian Alkitab yang paling memengaruhi gagasan masyarakat Barat terkait gender dan identitas. Sosiologis Linda L. Lindsey menyatakan bahwa wanita menanggung lebih berat beban dosa asal, penciptaannya dari rusuk Adam, urutan kedua diciptakan setelah Adam, dengan kutukan Tuhan saat pengusirannya dari Taman Eden kerap menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kekuasaan pria atas wanita.","translated_text":"The view of Eve is often a reference to the role and status of women in general in religion and society, especially in Medieval Western society. Near Eastern scholar Carol Lyons Meyers notes that the story of Eve is the part of the Bible that most influenced Western ideas about gender and identity. Sociologist Linda L. Lindsey states that women bear a heavier burden of original sin, her creation from Adam's rib, the second order created after Adam, with God's curse upon her expulsion from the Garden of Eden often being the basis for supporting male authority over women.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Lindsey|first1=Linda L|title=Gender Roles: A Sociological perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/genderrolessocio0000lind_d8y7|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-205-89968-5}}]","char_index":622,"name":"Linda L. Lindsey","url":"https://archive.org/details/genderrolessocio0000lind_d8y7","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219960,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:42.776073-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Dari sisi lain, Trible dan Frymer-Kensky melihat bahwa kisah Hawa dalam Kejadian tidak menunjukkan inferioritas Hawa atas Adam. Kata \"penolong\" (ezer) menunjukkan pendamping dalam Alkitab alih-alih pembantu, dan kata ini juga digunakan pada hubungan Tuhan pada (Bani) Israel (bukan Israel pada Tuhan).","translated_text":"On the other hand, Trible and Frymer-Kensky observed that the Genesis account of Eve does not indicate Eve's inferiority to Adam. The word \"helper\" (ezer) refers to a companion in the Bible rather than a helper, and the word is also used in God's relationship with Israel (not Israel to God).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Trible|first1=Phyllis|title=Texts of Terror: Literary feminist readings of biblical narratives|url=https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib|date=1984|publisher=Fortress Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8006-1537-6}}]","char_index":301,"name":"Trible1984terror","url":"https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216875,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:46.708732-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125},{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Frymer-Kensky|first1=Tikva|title=Studies in Bible and feminist criticism|url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinbiblefe0000frym|date=2006|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=9780827607989|edition= 1st|oclc=62127975}}]","char_index":301,"name":"Frymer-Kensky2006","url":"https://archive.org/details/studiesinbiblefe0000frym","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":219472,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:50.722199-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Dari sisi lain, Trible dan Frymer-Kensky melihat bahwa kisah Hawa dalam Kejadian tidak menunjukkan inferioritas Hawa atas Adam. Kata \"penolong\" (ezer) menunjukkan pendamping dalam Alkitab alih-alih pembantu, dan kata ini juga digunakan pada hubungan Tuhan pada (Bani) Israel (bukan Israel pada Tuhan). Trible menjelaskan bahwa, dalam mitologi, hal yang diciptakan terakhir secara tradisi merupakan puncak penciptaan, yang tersirat dalam Kejadian 1 bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan setelah segala sesuatu yang lain—kecuali Hawa.","translated_text":"On the other hand, Trible and Frymer-Kensky observed that the Genesis account of Eve does not indicate Eve's inferiority to Adam. The word \"helper\" (ezer) refers to a companion in the Bible rather than a helper, and the word is also used in God's relationship with Israel (not Israel to God). Trible explains that, in mythology, the last thing traditionally created is the culmination of creation, implied in Genesis 1 that man (Adam) was created after everything else except Eve.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last1=Trible|first1=Phyllis|title=Texts of Terror: Literary feminist readings of biblical narratives|url=https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib|date=1984|publisher=Fortress Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8006-1537-6}}]","char_index":526,"name":"Trible1984terror","url":"https://archive.org/details/textsofterrorlit00trib","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":216875,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:46.708732-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Kata \"penolong\" (ezer) menunjukkan pendamping dalam Alkitab alih-alih pembantu, dan kata ini juga digunakan pada hubungan Tuhan pada (Bani) Israel (bukan Israel pada Tuhan). Trible menjelaskan bahwa, dalam mitologi, hal yang diciptakan terakhir secara tradisi merupakan puncak penciptaan, yang tersirat dalam Kejadian 1 bahwa manusia (Adam) diciptakan setelah segala sesuatu yang lain—kecuali Hawa. Namun, sarjana Perjanjian Baru Craig Blomberg mengatakan bangsa Yahudi kuno mungkin telah melihat urutan penciptaan sebagai bentuk keistimewaan kepada putra sulung terkait hak waris (baik dalam tulisan suci mereka dan dalam budaya sekitarnya) dan menafsirkan Adam diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa sebagai tanda hak istimewanya.","translated_text":"The word \"helper\" (ezer) refers to a companion in the Bible rather than a helper, and the word is also used in God's relationship with Israel (not Israel to God). Trible explains that, in mythology, the last thing traditionally created is the culmination of creation, implied in Genesis 1 that man (Adam) was created after everything else except Eve. However, New Testament scholar Craig Blomberg says that the ancient Jews may have viewed the order of creation as a form of privilege to the firstborn son in relation to inheritance (both in their scriptures and in surrounding cultures) and interpreted Adam as having been created before Eve as a sign of his special right.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|author1=Craig L. Blomberg|chapter=Chapter 2: Women in Ministry: a complementarian perspective|editor1-last=Beck|editor1-first=James R.|display-editors=etal|title=Two views on women in ministry|url=https://archive.org/details/twoviewsonwomeni0000unse|date=2009|publisher=Zondervan|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=9780310254379|oclc=779330381}}]","char_index":725,"name":"Blomberg","url":"https://archive.org/details/twoviewsonwomeni0000unse","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":218707,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:55.436438-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Penciptaan Hawa, menurut Rabi Joshua, adalah bahwa Tuhan mempertimbangkan dari anggota badan Adam yang mana Hawa akan diciptakan. Dia tidak diciptakan dari kepala Adam karena akan menjadi orang yang sombong, tidak diciptakan dari mata karena dia akan ingin mengorek semua hal, tidak dari telinga karena dia akan berkeinginan mendengar semua hal, tidak dari mulut karena dia akan banyak bicara, tidak dari hati karena dia akan iri pada orang-orang, tidak dari tangan karena dia akan berkeinginan untuk mengambil semua hal, tidak dari kaki karena dia akan menjadi seorang petualang. Oleh karena itu Hawa diciptakan dari anggota yang disembunyikan, yaitu tulang rusuk, yang bahkan tidak terlihat ketika manusia telanjang.","translated_text":"The creation of Eve, according to Rabbi Joshua, was that God considered from which part of Adam's body Eve would be created. He wasn't created from Adam's head because he would be arrogant, he wasn't created from his eyes because he would want to scratch everything, he wasn't created from his ears because he would want to hear everything, he wasn't created from his mouth because he would talk a lot, he wasn't created from his heart because he would be jealous of people, he wasn't created from his hands because he would want to take everything, he wasn't created from his feet because he would be an adventurer. So Eve was created from a hidden limb, a rib, which is not even visible when a person is naked.","citations":[{"content":"[Polano, Hymen (1890). ''The Talmud. Selections from the contents of that ancient book... Also, brief sketches of the men who made and commented upon it'', p. 280. F. Warne, {{ISBN|1-150-73362-4}}, digitized by [https://books.google.com/books?id=5EApAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280 Google Books] on 7 July 2008]","char_index":718,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=5EApAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":44628,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:59.741313-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.09967041015625}]},{"text":"Karena dia merusak Adam, yang adalah adonan dunia, maka itu adalah ajaran adonan yang diberikan kepadanya. Dan mengapa ajaran tentang cahaya Sabat (nerot shabat) diberikan kepadanya? Karena dia memadamkan jiwa Adam, oleh karena itu adalah ajaran dari lampu Sabat yang diberikan kepadanya.\"","translated_text":"Since he corrupted Adam, which was the leaven of the world, then it was the leaven teaching that was given to him. And why was he taught the light of the Sabbath? For he extinguished the soul of Adam, therefore the lesson of the Sabbath lamp was given to him\".","citations":[{"content":"[Genesis Rabbah, in: Judaic Classics Library, Davka Software. (CD-ROM).]","char_index":289,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"23: 5). Namun, dalam hal popularitas dan penyebaran teks, motif Hawa bersanggama dengan ular purba mengambil prioritas di atas pelanggaran seksualnya yang lain. Meskipun agak membingungkan, kisah ini disampaikan di banyak tempat: Bereshith Rabba 18: 6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b–146a dan 196a, Yevamot 103b dan 'Avodah zarah 22b.","translated_text":"(Matthew 23:5) However, in terms of the popularity and spread of the text, Eve's motives in alignment with the ancient serpent took precedence over her other sexual offences. Although somewhat confusing, the story is told in many places: Bereshith Rabba 18:6, Sotah 9b, Shabat 145b ⁇ 146a and 196a, Yevamot 103b and 'Avodah zarah 22b.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite journal|last=Kosior|first=Wojciech|date=2018|title=A Tale of Two Sisters: The Image of Eve in Early Rabbinic Literature and Its Influence on the Portrayal of Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira|url=https://www.academia.edu/36771379|journal=Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues|volume=|issue=32|pages=112–130|doi=10.2979/nashim.32.1.10|via=}}]","char_index":325,"name":"Kosior 2018 112–130","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36771379","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111742,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:33:59.885185-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.798828125}]},{"text":"Dalam tradisi Yahudi, Filo, Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, dan Targum Yerushalmi menyatakan bahwa Adam bukanlah ayah dari Qabil/Kain. Sebaliknya, Hawa menjadi sasaran perzinahan karena dirayu Sammael, ular (nahash, ) di Taman Eden, atau iblis sendiri, dan Hawa berseru saat kelahiran Kain, \"Aku telah mendapatkan seorang putra melalui seorang malaikat Tuhan.\"","translated_text":"In Jewish tradition, Philo, Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, and Targum Yerushalmi state that Adam was not the father of Qabil/Kain. On the contrary, Eve became the object of adultery by being tempted by Samuel, the serpent (nahash, ) in the garden of Eden, or the Devil himself, and Eve cried out at the birth of Cain, \"I have borne a son by the hand of an angel of Jehovah\".","citations":[{"content":"[Louis Ginzberg, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA75#v=onepage ''The Legends of the Jews'', Vol.1], [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1998, {{ISBN|0-8018-5890-9}}, p.105–09]","char_index":225,"name":"Ginzberg","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA75","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":42582,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:00.480885-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Ginzberg, Louis (1909). ''[http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf The Legends of the Jews Vol I: The Ten Generations - The Birth of Cain]'' (Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.]","char_index":353,"name":null,"url":"http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:00.662163-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yesus menegaskan bahwa pada awal dunia, Tuhan menciptakan satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan untuk disatukan sebagai suami istri.","translated_text":"Jesus asserted that at the beginning of the world, God created one man and one woman to be united as husband and wife.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Markus 19:5}}]","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Alkitab|Markus 10:6-9}}]","char_index":128,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yesus menegaskan bahwa pada awal dunia, Tuhan menciptakan satu laki-laki dan satu perempuan untuk disatukan sebagai suami istri. Meskipun tidak menyebut nama Hawa, ini merupakan pengakuan Yesus akan kebenaran catatan di Kitab Kejadian tentang penciptaan Adam dan Hawa. Paulus mengingatkan jemaat di Korintus agar waspada terhadap penyesatan oleh iblis seperti yang pernah dialami Hawa, \"Tetapi aku takut, kalau-kalau pikiran kamu disesatkan dari kesetiaan kamu yang sejati kepada Kristus, sama seperti Hawa diperdayakan oleh ular itu dengan kelicikannya.\"","translated_text":"Jesus asserted that at the beginning of the world, God created one man and one woman to be united as husband and wife. Although not named after Eve, this is Jesus' acknowledgment of the truthfulness of the Genesis account of Adam and Eve's creation. Paul warned the congregation in Corinth to be on guard against the temptation of the Devil as Eve did: \"But I am afraid that, just as Eve was deceived by the serpent with her cunning, so also your minds may be led astray from the integrity to the Christ\".","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|2 Korintus 11:3}}]","char_index":555,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terkait sikap dalam ibadah jemaat, Paulus menyatakan bahwa perempuan harus berdiam diri dan mendengar dengan patuh, juga tidak diperkenankan mengajari laki-laki. Sikap ini dikaitkan dengan Adam yang diciptakan lebih dulu dari Hawa, juga karena Hawa yang tergoda pertama kali memakan buah terlarang.","translated_text":"Regarding the attitude in congregation worship, Paul stated that women should be silent and obedient, nor are they permitted to teach men. This attitude is attributed to Adam, who was created before Eve, and also to the fact that Eve was tempted to eat the forbidden fruit first.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Alkitab|1 Timotius 2:11-14}}]","char_index":298,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terkait buah terlarang, Al-Qur'an tidak menjelaskan bahwa Hawa yang pertama kali memakannya. Baik Adam dan Hawa dijelaskan sama-sama bersalah, sama-sama bertaubat, juga sama-sama menerima ampunan.","translated_text":"Regarding the forbidden fruit, the Qur'an does not explain that Eve was the first to eat it. Both Adam and Eve are described as both guilty, both repentant, and both receiving forgiveness.","citations":[{"content":"[Al-Baqarah (02): 36-37]","char_index":196,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Al-A'raf (07): 22-23]","char_index":196,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia berargumen bahwa orang Negro adalah binatang pra-Adam dari ladang (dianggap sebagai tatanan monyet yang lebih tinggi), yang dilestarikan di Bahtera Nuh. Pada tahun 1891, William Campbell, dengan nama pena \"Caucasian\", menulis dalam Anthropology for the People: A Refutation of the Theory of the Adamic Origin of All Races bahwa orang-orang non-kulit putih bukanlah keturunan Adam dan karena itu \"bukan saudara dalam pengertian istilah yang tepat, tetapi ciptaan yang lebih rendah\" dan bahwa poligenisme adalah satu-satunya teori yang dapat bersanding dengan Alkitab. Mengikuti Payne, Campbell menyatakan bahwa banjir besar zaman Nuh merupakan akibat dari pernikahan manusia kulit putih (keturunan Adam) dan keturunan pra-Adamit yang dipandang sebagai sebab kerusakan dunia.","translated_text":"He argued that the Negroes were pre-Adamic animals of the field (considered to be of a higher order of monkeys), preserved in Noah's Ark. In 1891, William Campbell, with the pen name \"Caucasian\", wrote in Anthropology for the People: A Refutation of the Theory of the Adamic Origin of All Races that non-white people were not descendants of Adam and therefore \"not brothers in the proper sense of the term, but inferior creatures\" and that polygamy was the only theory that could compare with the Bible. Following Payne, Campbell argued that the great flood of Noah's day was the result of the marriage of white humans (the descendants of Adam) and pre-Adamite descendants who were seen as the cause of the destruction of the world.","citations":[{"content":"[dalam Harvey, 2005, hlm. 43.]","char_index":777,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam perpaduan yang tidak biasa dari pemikiran evolusioner kontemporer dan pra-Adamisme, evolusionis dan geolog the Vanderbilt University, Alexander Winchell, berargumen dalam traktat 1878-nya Adamites and Preadamites bahwa bangsa Negro terlalu inferior secara rasial untuk dikatakan dikembangkan dari Adam dalam Alkitab. Winchell juga percaya bahwa hukum evolusi bekerja sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan.","translated_text":"In an unusual blend of contemporary and pre-Adamistic evolutionary thought, the evolutionist and geologist of Vanderbilt University, Alexander Winchell, argued in his 1878 treatise Adamites and Preadamites that the Negro nation was too racially inferior to be said to have evolved from Adam in the Bible. Winchell also believed that the laws of evolution worked according to God's will.","citations":[{"content":"[Smith, 2003, hlm. 50.]","char_index":402,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengacara Irlandia Dominick McCausland, seorang literalis Alkitab dan anti-Darwin, berpendapat bahwa bangsa Tionghoa adalah keturunan dari Kain/Qabil dan bahwa ras \"Kaukasia\" pada akhirnya akan memusnahkan semua yang lain. Dia berpendapat bahwa hanya keturunan \"Kaukasia\" dari Adam yang mampu menciptakan peradaban, dan dia mencoba menjelaskan bahwa peradaban \"non-Kaukasia\" yang telah berkembang sebenarnya adalah ras \"Kaukasia\" yang hilang, yakni keturunan Ham bin Nuh.","translated_text":"Irish lawyer Dominick McCausland, a biblical and anti-Darwinist, argued that the Chinese were descendants of Cain/Qabil and that the \"Caucasian\" race would eventually destroy all others. He argued that only the \"Caucasian\" descendants of Adam were capable of creating civilizations, and he tried to explain that the \"non-Caucasian\" civilizations that had developed were actually the lost \"Caucasian\" race, the descendants of Ham the son of Noah.","citations":[{"content":"[Dominick M'Causland, The Builders of Babel, 1871; Patrick Maume “Dominick McCausland and Adam’s Ancestors: an Irish Evangelical responds to the Scientific Challenge to Biblical Inerrancy” in Juliana Adelman and Eadaoin Agnew (eds) Science and Technology in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2011)]","char_index":471,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1900, Charles Carroll menulis The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God. Dia menyimpulkan dalam buku itu bahwa ras kulit putih dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah dan bahwa Adam hanya melahirkan ras kulit putih, dan orang negro adalah binatang pra-Adam, yang tidak mungkin dibuat menurut gambar dan rupa Allah karena mereka seperti binatang buas, tidak bermoral dan jelek.","translated_text":"In 1900, Charles Carroll wrote The Negro a Beast; or, In the Image of God. He concluded in the book that the white race was made in the image and likeness of God and that Adam produced only the white race, and that blacks were pre-Adamic animals, who could not be made in the image and likeness of God because they were like savages, immoral and ugly.","citations":[{"content":"[Charles Carroll The negro a beast\"; or, \"In the image of God\"; the reasoner of the age, the revelator of the century! The Bible as it is! The negro and his relation to the human family! The negro not the son of Ham, 1900]","char_index":385,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Carroll mengklaim bahwa ras pra-Adam, seperti orang kulit hitam, tidak memiliki jiwa. Carroll percaya bahwa percampuran ras adalah penghinaan terhadap Tuhan dan merusak rencana ras penciptaan Allah. Menurut Carroll, pencampuran ras juga menyebabkan kesalahan ateisme dan evolusi.","translated_text":"Carroll claims that pre-Adamic races, like blacks, had no souls. Carroll believed that mixing races was an affront to God and a violation of God's racial plan of creation. According to Carroll, mixing races also led to the mistakes of atheism and evolution.","citations":[{"content":"[Colin Kidd, ''The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000'', 2006, hlm. 150]","char_index":279,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Daftar ayat Alkitab yang dihilangkan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar ayat Alkitab yang tidak disertakan dalam terjemahan Alkitab bahasa Inggris modern]]","hash":"fb7dfaa5815e6c0e98cc4c17d900d416f434dcc25ea46ce4fb1c8e7d81f1ec30","last_revision":"2010-10-28T08:08:25Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T08:08:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.688097","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar ayat Alkitab yang tidak disertakan dalam terjemahan Alkitab bahasa Inggris modern\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar ayat Alkitab yang tidak disertakan dalam terjemahan Alkitab bahasa Inggris modern","translated_text":"A list of Bible verses that are not included in modern English translations of the Bible","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Theodore Beza","wikicode":"{{redirect|Beza|desa di Iran|Beza, Iran}}\n{{Infobox theologian\n|name = Theodore Beza\n|image =Theodore-de-Beze-2.jpg\n|image_size =\n|caption =\n|birth_name = Théodore de Bèze atau de Besze\n|birth_date = {{birth date|1519|06|24|df=yes}}\n|birth_place = [[Vezelay]], [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1605|10|13|1519|06|24|df=yes}}\n|death_place = [[Geneva]], [[Republic and Canton of Geneva#History|Republic of Geneva]]\n|occupation = Pastor, penulis, teolog\n|tradition_movement = [[Calvinism|Reformed, Calvinist]]\n|notable_works = ''Summa totius Christianismi''\n\n}}\n[[Berkas:Théodore de Bèze 06.jpg|ka|200px|jmpl|Theodore Beza]]\n'''Theodore Beza''' ({{lang-la|Theodorus Beza}}; {{lang-fr|Théodore de Bèze}} atau ''Théodore de Besze''; {{lahirmati|[[Vézelay]], [[Bourgogne]], [[Prancis]]|24|6|1519|[[Jenewa]], [[Swiss]]|13|10|1605}}) adalah seorang [[teolog]] [[Kristen Protestan]] [[Prancis]] dan sarjana yang memainkan peran penting dalam [[Reformasi Protestan|Reformasi]] awal. Seorang anggota gerakan ''monarchomaque'' yang menentang [[monarki absolut]], ia adalah murid dari [[Yohanes Calvin]] dan menghabiskan sebagian besar hidupnya tinggal di [[Jenewa]], [[Swiss]].\n\n== Biografi ==\n\n=== Masa muda ===\n\nTheodore Beza lahir di [[Vézelay]], dalam wilayah [[:en:Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]], [[Prancis]]. Ayahnya, Pierre de Beze, royal governor Vézelay, adalah keturunan keluarga Burgundian yang terpandang; ibunya, Marie Bourdelot, terkenal karena kedermawanannya. Ayah Beza mempunyai dua saudara laki-laki; Nicholas, seorang anggota [[:en:parlement|Parliament]] di Paris; dan Claude, seorang [[:en:abbott|abbott]] [[biara (tempat tinggal)|monastery]] [[:en:Cistercian|Sisterian]] Froimont dalam [[:en:Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais|diokese Beauvais]].\n\nNicholas, yang tidak menikah, dalam suatu kunjungan ke Vézelay sangat menyukai Theodore sehingga, dengan persetujuan orangtuanya, membawa anak itu ke Paris untuk dididik di sana. Dari Paris, Theodore dikirim ke [[Orléans]] pada bulan Desember 1528 untuk menerima pendidikan dari guru Jerman terkenal [[:en:Melchior Wolmar|Melchior Wolmar]]. Ia diterima ke dalam keluarga Wolmar, dan hari peristiwa itu diperingati sebagai \"hari kelahiran kedua\" baginya.\n\nBeza muda lalu mengikuti gurunya ke [[Bourges]], karena gurunya itu diundang oleh [[duchess]] [[:en:Marguerite de Navarre|Margaret di Angoulême]], saudara perempuan [[François I dari Prancis|Francis I]]. Pada waktu itu, Bourges merupakan pusat gerakan Reformasi di Prancis. Pada tahun 1534, setelah Francis I mengeluarkan dekritnya melawan inovasi gerejawi, Wolmar pulang ke Jerman. Beza, menuruti keinginan ayahnya, kembali ke Orléans untuk belajar ilmu hukum, menghabiskan empat tahun di sana (1535–39). Belajar hukum kurang menarik baginya; ia lebih suka membaca karya klasik kuno, terutama [[Ovid]], [[Catullus]], dan [[:en:Tibullus|Tibullus]].\n\nIa meraih gelar ''licentiate in law'' pada tanggal 11 Agustus 1539, dan, seperti diinginkan ayahnya, pergi ke [[Paris]], di mana ia mulai praktik ilmu hukum. Untuk mendukungnya, kerabatnya telah mendapatkan baginya dua benefices, hasilnya mencapai 700 golden crown per tahun; dan pamannya telah berjanji untuk menjadikannya penerusnya.\n\nBeza tinggal dua tahun di Paris dan memperoleh posisi terkemuka di kalangan sastrawan. Untuk menghindari banyak pengobatan yang menggodanya, dengan sepengetahuan dua sahabat, ia bertunangan pada tahun 1544 dengandseorang gadis dari keluarga sederhana, Claudine Denoese, berjanji akan menikahi di depan umum segera setelah situasi mengizinkan.\n\nPada tahun 1548 Beza menerbitkan sebuah koleksi [[puisi]] [[bahasa Latin]], ''Juvenilia'', yang membuatnya terkenal, dan ia dikenal luas sebagai salah seorang penulis puisi Latin terbaik pada zamannya. Para sarjana berhati-hati untuk tidak mencari-cari detail biografi dalam tulisan-tulisannya. [[Philip Schaff]] berargumen bahwa merupakan kesalahan untuk \"membaca di antara baris-baris apa yang tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk ditaruhnya di sana\" atau untuk membayangkan \"pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang tidak dilakukannya sekalipun dalam pikiran.\"[[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc8.iv.xix.i.html ''History of the Christian Church'' vol. viii, sec. 167]]\n\nSegeta setelah penerbitan bukunya, ia jatuh sakit dan penyakit itu menyatakan kepadanya akan kebutuhan spiritualnya. Perlahan-lahan ia sadar untuk menerima keselamatan dalam [[Kristus]], yang membangkitkan semangatnya. Ia kemudian memutuskan untuk memutuskan hubungan-hubungan saat itu, dan berangkat ke [[Jenewa]], kota suaka Prancis untuk kaum Evangelikal (pengikut gerakan Reformasi), dan tiba bersama Claudine pada tanggal 23 Oktober 1548.\n\n=== Guru di Lausanne ===\nIa diterima oleh [[John Calvin]], yang pernah bertemu dengannya di rumah Wolmar, dan menikah dengan Claudine di gereja Calvin. Beza tidak bisa segera mendapatkan pekerjaan sehingga ia pergi ke Tübingen menemui mantan gurunya, Wolmar. Dalam perjalanan pulang, ia mengunjungi [[:en:Pierre Viret|Pierre Viret]] di Lausanne, yang membantunya mendapat jabatan profesor bahasa Yunani di akademi di sana pada bulan November 1549.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}\n\nBeza mendapat waktu menulis suatu drama alkitabiah, ''Abraham Sacrifiant '',[published at Geneva, 1550; Eng. transl. by Arthur Golding, London, 1577, ed., with introduction, notes, and the French text of the original, M. W. Wallace, Toronto, 1906] di mana ia membandingkan [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolikisme]] dengan [[Protestantisme]], dan karya ini diterima baik. Teks sejumlah ayat memuat petunjuk penampilan musik, tetapi musiknya tidak terlestarikan.[{{GroveOnline|title=Bèze, Théodore de|author=Paul-André Gaillard|author2=Richard Freedman|last-author-amp=yes|access-date=January 5, 2016}}]\n\nSetelah kematian [[:en:Clément Marot|Clément Marot]] pada tahun 1544, John Calvin meminta Beza melengkapi terjemahan metrik bahasa Prancisnya untuk Kitab Mazmur. Tiga puluh empat terjemahannya diterbitkan dalam edisi tahun 1551 \"[[Mazmur Jenewa|Mamur Jenewa (Genevan Psalter)]]\", dan enam lagi ditambahkan pada edisi-edisi berikutnya.[https://archive.org/details/lepassavantdeth00bzuoft.] suatu satire yang ditujukan melawan Pierre Lizet, mantan presiden ''Parliament of Paris'', dan penyulut utama \"kamar berapi\" (\"fiery chamber\";''chambre ardente''), yang waktu itu (1551) menjabat sebagai abbot di St. Victor dekat Paris dan menerbitkan sejumlah tulisan polemik.\n\nBeza terlibat dalam dua kontroversi serius pada masa itu. Yang pertama mengenai doktrin [[predestinasi]] dan yang kedua, kontroversi Calvin dengan [[:en:Jerome Hermes Bolsec|Jerome Hermes Bolsec]], terkait pembakaran [[Michael Servetus]] di Jenewa pada tanggal 27 Oktober 1553. Untuk membela Calvin dan para magistrat Jenewa, Beza menerbitkan karya pada tahun 1554 berjudul ''De haereticis a civili magistratu puniendis'' (diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Prancis tahun 1560).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}\n\n=== Perjalanan demi orang-orang Protestan ===\n[[Berkas:British - Théodore De Beza - Google Art Project.jpg|jmpl|kiri|''Théodore De Beza'' oleh artis tak dikenal, tahun 1605]]\nPada tahun 1557, Beza menaruh minat khusus pada nasib orang-orang [[Waldens (Aliran Kristen)|Waldens]] di [[Piemonte]], [[Italia]], yang dianiaya oleh pemerintah Prancis. Untuk membantu mereka, ia pergi bersama [[William Farel]] ke [[Bern]], [[Zürich]], [[Basel]], dan [[Schaffhausen]], Kemudian ke [[Strasbourg|Strasburg]], [[Montbéliard|Mömpelgard]], [[Baden]], dan [[:en:Göppingen|Göppingen]]. Di Baden dan Göppingen, Beza dan Farel membuat deklarasi mengenai pandangan kaum Waldens terhadap sakramen pada tanggal 14 Mei 1557. Deklarasi tertulis itu jelas menyatakan posisi mereka dan diterima baik oleh para teolog Lutheran, ditentang keras di Bern dan Zurich.\n\nPada musim gugur tahun 1558, Beza melakukan perjalanan kedua bersama Farel ke Worms lewat Strasburg dengan harapan mengupayakan campur tangan para pangeran Evangelikal di dalam kekaisaran untuk membela saudara-saudara yang dianiaya di Paris.\nBersama [[Melanchthon]] dan para teolog lain yang waktu itu berkumpul di [[:en:Colloquy of Worms (1557)|Colloquy di Worms]], Beza mengusulkan persatuan semua orang Kristen Protestan, tetapi usul itu dipastikan ditolak oleh jemaat di Zurich dan Bern.\n\nLaporan-laporan palsu sampai ke tangan para pangeran Jerman bahwa permusuhan terhadap kaum [[Huguenot]] di Prancis sudah dihentikan dan tidak ada duta yang dikirimkan ke istana Prancis. Akibatnya, Beza melakukan perjalanan lagi bersama Farel, [[:en:Johannes Buddaeus|Johannes Buddaeus]], dan [[:en:Gaspard Carmel|Gaspard Carmel]] ke Strasburg dan Frankfort, di mana akhirnya pengutusan duta ke Paris dapat diselesaikan.\n\n=== Menetap di Jenewa ===\n{{Calvinisme}}\nSekembalinya ke Lausanne, Beza terganggu pikirannya. Dalam persatuan dengan banyak pendeta dan profesor di Jenewa dan negara, Viret akhirnya berpikir untuk mendirikan [[:en:Consistory (Protestantism)#Reformed usage|consistory]] dan memasukkan disiplin gereja yang menerapkan ekskomunikasi terutama pada perayaan komuni. Tetapi orang-orang Bern, yang waktu itu mengontrol Lausanne, tidak menghendaki pemerintahan gereja Calvinis. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak kesulitan, dan Beza berpikir pada tahun 1558 lebih baik menetap di Jenewa. Di kota itu ia diberi jabatan untuk bidang bahasa Yunani pada akademi yang baru didirikan,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} dan setelah kematian Calvin juga jabatan bidang teologi. Ia juga wajib untuk berkhotbah.\n\nIa menyelesaikan revisi terjemahan [[Perjanjian Baru]] karya [[:en:Pierre Olivetan|Pierre Olivetan]] yang dimulai beberapa tahun sebelumnya.\n\nPada tahun 1559, ia melakukan perjalanan lagi demi kepentingan kaum Huguenot, Kali ini ke [[Heidelberg]]. Pada sekitar waktu yang sama, ia harus membela Calvin melawan [[:en:Joachim Westphal (of Hamburg)|Joachim Westphal]] di [[Hamburg]] dan [[:en:Tilemann Heshusius|Tilemann Heshusius]].\n\nLebih penting dari aktivitas polemik ini adalah pernyataan pengakuan iman Beza sendiri. Asalnya disiapkan untuk ayahnya sebagai pembenaran tindakan-tindakannya dan diterbitkan dalam bentuk direvisi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan Evangelikal di antara orang-orang sebangsanya. Dicetak dalam bahasa Latin pada tahun 1560 dengan sebuah dedikasi kepada Wolmar. Terjemahan bahasa Inggris diterbitkan di London pada tahun 1563, 1572, dan 1585. Terjemahan ke dalam bahasa Jerman, Belanda dan Italia juga diterbitkan.\n\n=== Tahun 1560–1563 ===\nPada waktu itu keadaan di Prancis semakin buruk buat masa depan Protestantisme. Raja [[:en:Anthony of Navarre|Antoine dari Navarre]], mengalah kepada desakan kuat para bangsawan Evangelikal, menyatakan kesediaannya untuk mendengarkan penjelasan seorang guru terkemuka dari Gereja. Beza, yang termasuk bangsawan Prancis dan kepala akademi di ibu kota Protestantisme Prancis, diundang ke Castle Nerac, tetapi ia tidak dapat menanamkan benih iman Evangelikal ke dalam hati raja.\n\nPada tahun berikutnya, 1561, Beza mewakili kaum Evangelikal pada [[:en:Colloquy of Poissy|Colloquy di Poissy]], dan dengan fasih membela prinsip-prinsip iman Evangelikal.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}\nColloquy itu tidak menghasilkan apa-apa, tetapi Beza sebagai kepala dan advokat seluruh jemaat Reformasi di Prancis menjadi dihormati dan sekaligus dibenci.\n\nRatu memaksa mengadakan colloquy lain, yang dibuka di St. Germain pada tanggal 28 Januari 1562, sebelas hari setelah proklamasi dekrit Januari yang terkenal, yang memberikan hak kebebasan penting bagi para penganut iman Reformasi. Namun,colloquy itu terpecah setelah terbukti bahwa pihak Katolik telah mempersiapkan (setelah [[Pembantaian Vassy]], pada tanggal 1 Maret 1562) untuk menggulingkan Protestantisme.\n\nBeza dengan buru-buru menerbitkan suatu surat untuk dibaca berkeliling (25 Maret 1562) kepada seluruh jemaat Reformasi di kekaisaran, dan pergi ke Orléans bersama pemimpin Huguenot [[Louis dari Condé (1530–1569)|Conde]] dan tentaranya. Penting untuk maju secepatnya dan dengan bersemangat, tetapi tidak ada tentara maupun uang. Atas permintaan Conde, Beza mengunjungi semua kota kaum Huguenot untuk memperoleh tentara dan uang. Ia juga menulis suatu manifesto di mana ia berargumen bagi keadilan untuk kepentingan Reformasi. Sebagai salah seorang utusan untuk mengumpulkan tentara dan uang di antara kaum ''coreligionists'', Beza ditunjuk untuk mengunjungi Inggris, Jerman, dan Swiss. Ia pergi ke Strasburg dan Basel, tetapi mengalami kegagalan. Ia lalu pulang ke Jenewa, tiba tanggal 4 September. Belum sampai 14 hari di sana, ia sekali lagi dipanggil ke Orléans oleh D'Andelot. Kampanyenya lama lain lebih sukses; tetapi publikasi dekrit perdamaian yang kurang menguntungkan yang diterima oleh Conde (12 Maret 1563) menyebabkan Beza dan semua orang Protestan Prancis dipenuhi rasa kaget yang negatif.\n\n=== Penerus Calvin ===\n[[Berkas:ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg|jmpl|ka|400px|[[:en:Reformation Wall|Tembok Reformasi]] di [[Jenewa]]. Dari kiri: [[William Farel]], [[John Calvin]], Beza, dan [[John Knox]]]]\n\nSelama 22 bulan Beza telah pergi dari Jenewa, dan urusan sekolah maupun Gereja di sana, terutama kondisi kesehatan Calvin membuatnya harus kembali karena tidak ada orang lain yang bisa menggantikan Calvin, yang sakit-sakitan dan tidak bisa bekerja penuh. Calvin dan Beza mengatur melaksanakan tugas bersama pada minggu-minggu berselingan. Setelah kematian Calvin pada tanggal 27 Mei 1564, Beza menjadi penerusnya.[{{cite book|last=Farthing|first=John L.|title=Dictionary of major biblical interpreters|year=2007|publisher=IVP Academic|location=Downers Grove, Ill.|isbn=978-0-8308-2927-9|edition=2nd|editor=McKim, Donald K.|page=193|chapter=Beza, Theodore}}]\n\nSampai tahun 1580, Beza bukan hanya menjabat moderator [[:en:Company of Pastors|Company of Pastors]], tetapi juga jiwa sejati bagi institusi agung pembelajaran di Jenewa yang didirikan oleh Calvin pada tahun 1559, yang terdiri dari satu gymnasium dan satu akademi.\nSeumur hidupnya, Beza menaruh minat pada pendidikan tinggi.\nSelama hampir 40 tahun orang-orang muda Protestan memenuhi ruang kuliahnya untuk mendengar kuliah teologinya, yang memaparkan ortodoksi murni Calvinisme. Sebagai seorang penasihat, pendapatnya didengarkan oleh para magistrat dan pastor.\nIa mendirikan suatu sekolah hukum di Jenewa di mana [[:en:François Hotman|François Hotman]], Jules Pacius, dan Denys Godefroy, para ahli hukum terkemuka abad itu, memberikan kuliah secara bergantian (cf. Charles Borgeaud, ''L'Academie de Calvin, '' Geneva, 1900).\n\n=== Setelah tahun 1564 ===\n[[Berkas:Theodore de Beze.jpg|ka|jmpl|[[:en:Woodcut|Pahatan kayu]] Theodore Beza]]\nBeza berhasil menjadi pengganti Calvin, bukan hanya meneruskan pekerjaannya tetapi juga memberikan damai pada Gereja di Jenewa. Para magistrat sepenuhnya menerima ide-ide Calvin, dan pengarahan urusan rohani, badan yang terdiri dari \"ministers of the word\" (=pelayan Firman) dan \"consistory\", ditetapkan dengan dasar kuat. Tidak ada kontroversi doktrin yang muncul setelah tahun 1564. Diskusi berkisar pertanyaan terkait hal-hal praktis, sosial atau gerejawi, seperti kepangkatan magistrat di atas para pastor, kebebasan berkotbah, dan kewajiban para pastor untuk tunduk pada mayoritas ''Company of Pastors''.\n\nBeza tidak memaksakan kehendaknya pada para sejawatnya, dan tidak mengambil tindakan keras terhadap rekan-rekan yang tidak adil atau pemarah, meskipun kadang kala ia mengambil alih kasus mereka dan bertindak sebagai mediator/penengah; tetapi ia sering mengalami perlawanan yang sangat ekstrim sehingga mengancam untuk mengundurkan diri. Meskipun ia cenderung berpihak kepada para magistrat, ia tahu bagaimana membela hak dan kebebasan kuasa rohani jika diperlukan, tanpa mengurangi kewibawaan sebagaimana halnya Calvin.\n\nMenurut Beza tidaklah bijaksana ''Company of Pastors'' mempunyai ketua tetap. Ia meyakinkan Company untuk menyampaikan petisi kepada Small Council agar masa jabatan moderator dibatasi waktunya. Pada tahun 1580 Council menyetujui perputaran jabatan kepresidenan mingguan.[{{cite book |first=Scott M. |last=Manetsch |title=Calvin's Company of Pastors |page=65}}]\n\nAktivitasnya semakin meningkat, terutama menjadi penengah antara ''compagnie'' dan magistrasi, di mana magistrasi terus-menerus meminta nasihatnya bahkan untuk urusan politik. Ia berkomunikasi dengan seluruh pemimpin kelompok-kelompok Reformasi di Eropa. Setelah [[Pembantaian de la Saint-Barthélemy|Pembantaian Hari Santo Bartolomeus]] (1572), ia menggunakan pengaruhnya agar para pengungsi diterima dengan baik di Jenewa.\n\nPada tahun 1574, ia menulis ''De jure magistratuum'' ([[:en:Right of Magistrates|Hak Magistrat]]) di mana ia secara tegas memprotes tirani dalam hal-hal agamawi, dan menegaskan bahwa sah bagi umat untuk menentang magistrasi yang tidak berharga dalam urusan praktis dan jika perlu menggunakan senjata dalam menggulingkannya.\n\nTanpa menjadi dogmatis besar seperti Calvin, juga bukan jenius kreatif dalam dunia keagamaan, Beza memiliki kualitas-kualitas yang membuatnya terkenal sebagai humanis, penafsir Alkitab, orator, dan pemimpin dalam urusan agama dan politik, serta berkompeten menjadi pemandu kaum Calvinis di seluruh Eropa.\n\nBeza terus membina hubungan erat dengan kaum Reformasi Prancis. Ia menjadi moderator sinode am yang bertemu pada bulan April 1571 di [[La Rochelle]]. Sidang itu memutuskan tidak menghapuskan disiplin gereja atau mengakui pemerintah sipil sebagai kepala Gereja, seperti yang dituntut oleh pendeta Paris, Jean Morel, dan filsuf [[:en:Petrus Ramus|Pierre Ramus]]; sementara memutuskan menegaskan kembali doktrin Calvinistik mengenai [[Perjamuan Kudus]] (dengan pernyataan: \"substansi tubuh Kristus\"/\"''substance of the body of Christ''\") bertentangan dengan Zwinglianisme, yang menyebabkan pertikaian antara Beza dan Ramus dan [[Heinrich Bullinger]].\n\nPada tahun berikutnya (Mei 1572) Beza berperan penting dalam sinode nasional di [[Nîmes]]. Ia juga tertarik pada kontroversi yang terkait [[:en:Augsburg Confession|Pengakuan Iman Augsburg]] di Jerman, khususnya setelah tahun 1564, mengenai doktrin [[:en:Person of Christ|Pribadi Kristus]] dan [[sakramen]], serta menerbitkan beberapa karya menentang [[:en:Joachim Westphal (of Hamburg)|Westphal]], [[Hesshusen]], [[Selnecker]], [[Johannes Brenz]], dan [[Jakob Andrea]]. Ini menyebabkan dia dibenci oleh semua orang yang melekat pada Lutheranisme yang berlawanan dengan Melanchthon, terutama setelah tahun 1571.\n\n=== Colloquy di Montbéliard ===\nKonflik polemik terakhir penting yang dijumpai oleh Beza dari kaum Lutheran adalah pada Colloquy [[Montbéliard]], 14-27 Maret 1586, di mana ia diundang oleh ''Lutheran Count'', Frederick dari Württemberg, atas permintaan penduduk berbahasa Prancis dan kaum Reformasi saerta para bangsawan Prancis yang telah melarikan diri ke Montbéliard. Tujuan pertemuan colloquy itu sendiri tidak diajukan, namun mengakibatkan perkembangan serius dalam Gereja Reformasi.\n\nKetika edisi tindakan-tindakan colloquy, yang disiapkan oleh Jakob Andrea, diterbitkan, Samuel Huber, dari Burg dekat Bern, yang merupakan anggota faksi ''Lutheranizing'' dalam ''Swiss clergy'', merasa sangat terluka terhadap doktrin supralapsarian mengenai predestinasi yang diajukan di Montbéliard oleh Beza dan Musculus sehingga ia merasa sebagai kewajibannya untuk menolak Musculus sebagai magistrat Bern karena merupakan seorang inovator doktrin tersebut. Untuk menyesuaikan hal itu, para magistrat mengatur suatu colloquy antara Huber dan Musculus (2 September 1587), di mana Huber menyampaikan universalisme, sedangkan Musculus partikularisme, dari anugerah.\n\nKarena colloquy itu tidak membuahkan hasil, suatu debat diselenggarakan di Bern, 15-18 April 1588, di mana pembelaan sistem doktrin yang diterima pada awalnya diletakkan di tangan Beza. Tiga delegasi kanton Helvetika yang memimpin debat itu akhirnya menyatakan bahwa Beza telah mensubstantiasi ajaran yang diajukan di Montbéliard sebagai ajaran ortodoks, dan Huber was diberhentikan dari jabatannya.\n\n=== Masa tua ===\nSetelah waktu itu aktivitas Beza lebih terbatas pada urusan di rumah tangganya. Istrinya, Claudine, meninggal tanpa anak pada tahun 1588 setelah menikah 40 tahun, beberapa hari sebelum ia berangkat ke ''Bern Disputation''. Atas nasihat sahabat-sahabatnya, ia menikah lagi dengan Catharina del Piano, seorang janda asal Jenewa, supaya mempunyai rekan pembantu dalam tahun-tahun terakhirnya. Sampai usia 65 tahun ia sangat sehat, tetapi setelahnya vitalitasnya perlahan menurun. Ia aktif mengajar sampai Januari 1597.\n\nPengalaman paling sedih pada usia tuanya adalah kembalinya Raja [[:en:Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] menganut Katolikisme, meskipun Beza telah berusaha menasihatinya dengan serius (1593). Pada tahun 1596 suatu laporan palsu diedarkan oleh kaum Yesuit di Jerman, Prancis, Inggris, dan Italia bahwa Beza dan Gereja Jenewa telah kembali ke lingkungan Gereja Roma, dan Beza menanggapi dengan suatu satire yang menunjukkan bahwa ia masih memiliki api kehidupan dalam pikiran dan ekspresi sastranya.\nBeza meninggal di [[Jenewa]] pada tahun 1605. Ia tidak dimakamkan seperti Calvin di makam umum Plain-Palais (karena kaum Savoyards pernah mengancam akan menculik mayatnya dan membawanya ke Roma), tetapi atas arahan para magistrat, dalam biara St. Pierre.\n\n== Karya tulis ==\n\n=== Tulisan humanistik dan sejarah ===\nAktivitas sastar Beza sebagaimana hidupnya, harus dibedakan antara periode humanis (yang berakhir dengan publikasi ''Juvenilia'') dan periode gerejawi. Dengan gabungan bakat pastoral dan sastra, Beza menulis drama pertama dalam bahasa Prancis, ''Abrahm Sacrifiant''; suatu drama yang merupakan ''antecedent'' karya Racine dan kadang kala masih diproduksi saat ini. Produksi berikutnya yang humanistik, menggigit dan satiris seperti ''Passavantius'' dan ''Complainte de Messire Pierre Lizet...'' membuktikan bahwa kelak ia masih kembali pada minat semula. Pada usia tua, ia mempublikasikan ''Cato censorius '' (1591), dan merevisi ''Poemata'', dari mana ia membuang keeksentrikan masa mudanya.\n\nDi antara karya sejarahnya, selain ''Icones'' (1580), yang hanya bernilai dari sisi ikonografi, dapat disebutkan yang terkemuka antara lain: ''Histoire ecclesiastique des Eglises reformes au Royaume de France'' (1580), dan biografinya mengenai Calvin, yaitu ''Epistolae et responsa'' (1575).\n\n=== Karya teologi ===\nSemua studi humanistik dan sejarah ini jauh dilampaui oleh produksi teologinya (di dalam ''Tractationes theologicae''). Di sini Beza tampak sebagai seorang murid yang sempurna atau ''alter ego '' (=duplikat pribadi) Calvin. Pandangannya mengenai hidup adalah deterministik dan dasar pemikiran agamawinya adalah pengenalan predestinasi akan kebutuhan semua keberadaan sementara sebagai dampak kehendak Allah yang mutlak, kekal, dan tidak berubah, sehingga kejatuhan manusia baginya merupakan suatu hal esensiel bagi rencana ilahi untuk dunia ini. Beza, dalam bentuk tabel, dengan cermat menguraikan pandangan-pandangan agamawi yang keluar dari gaya pemikiran ''fundamental supralapsarian''. Ini ditambahkannya dalam makalah yang sangat berguna, ''Summa totius Christianismi.''\n\nKarya Beza, ''De vera excommunicatione et Christiano presbyterio'' (1590), ditulis sebagai respons terhadap karya Thomas Erastus, ''Explicatio gravissimae quaestionis utrum excommunicatio'' (1589), berkontribusi sebagai pembelaan penting bagi hak otoritas gerejawi (bukan otoritas sipil) untuk ekskomunikasi.\n\n=== Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Yunani karya Beza ===\nSalah satu nilai pentingnya adalah kontribusi terhadap kesarjanaan Alkitab. Pada tahun 1565 ia menerbitkan suatu edisi [[Perjanjian Baru]], dilampiri dengan suatu kolom paralel teks [[Vulgata]] dan suatu terjemahannya sendiri (yang sudah dipublikasikan sedini tahun 1556). Anotasi atau catatan ditambahkan, juga telah dipublikasikan sebelumnya, tetapi lebih diperkaya dan diperluas.\n\nDalam persiapan edisi bahasa Yunani ini, dan lebih lagi untuk edisi kedua yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1582, Beza menggunakan bantuan dua naskah sangat berharga, yaitu yang pertama: ''[[Codex Bezae]]'' atau ''Cantabrigensis, '' yang kemudian dihadiahkan oleh Beza kepada [[Universitas Cambridge]], dan tetap disimpan di [[Cambridge University Library]]; yang kedua: ''[[Codex Claromontanus]]'', yang ditemukan oleh Beza di Clermont (sekarang disimpan di [[Bibliothèque Nationale de France]] di Paris).\n\nNamun, sumber-sumber ini bukanlah yang utama bagi Beza, melainkan ia mendasarinya pada karya [[Robert Estienne]] (1550), yang berdasarkan pada edisi-edisi terakhir [[Erasmus]]. Pekerjaan Beza dalam bidang ini sangat membantu para peneliti selanjutnya. Demikian pula karyanya dalam versi bahasa Latin dan catatan-catatan yang menyertainya, di mana akhirnya semua karya ini dicetak ulang beratus-ratus kali.\n\nMeskipun ada yang melihat pandangan Beza mengenai doktrin [[predestinasi]] terlalu berpengaruh dominan dalam penafsiran alkitabiahnya, tidak ada keraguan bahwa Beza telah memberikan tambahan pemahaman jelas mengenai Perjanjian Baru.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[:en:Franciscus Junius (the elder)|Franciscus Junius]]\n* [[:en:Immanuel Tremellius|Immanuel Tremellius]]\n* [[:En:Logical order of God's decrees|Supralapsarianisme]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pustaka ==\n* {{Schaff-Herzog|title=Beza, Theodore|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc02.html?term=Beza,%20Theodore}}\n* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Beza, Theodore|volume=3}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* {{commonsinline|Théodore de Bèze}}\n* [http://libraries.admin.ch/cgi-bin/gw/chameleon?skin=helveticat&inst=consortium&submittheform=Search&usersrch=1&beginsrch=1&elementcount=3&function=INITREQ&search=KEYWORD&rootsearch=KEYWORD&lng=en&pos=1&conf=.%2Fchameleon.conf&t1=Theodore*%20Beze*&u1=1003&op1=OR&t2=Theodore*%20Beze*&u2=21&op2=AND&t3=&u3=1035&host=biblio.admin.ch%2B3601%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=biblio.admin.ch%203601%20DEFAULT Publikasi karya dan mengenai Theodore Beza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701190450/http://libraries.admin.ch/cgi-bin/gw/chameleon?skin=helveticat&inst=consortium&submittheform=Search&usersrch=1&beginsrch=1&elementcount=3&function=INITREQ&search=KEYWORD&rootsearch=KEYWORD&lng=en&pos=1&conf=.%2Fchameleon.conf&t1=Theodore*%20Beze*&u1=1003&op1=OR&t2=Theodore*%20Beze*&u2=21&op2=AND&t3=&u3=1035&host=biblio.admin.ch%2B3601%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=biblio.admin.ch%203601%20DEFAULT |date=2016-07-01 }} dalam katalog Helveticat di [[:en:Swiss National Library|Perpustakaan Nasional Swiss]]\n* {{PRDL|3}}\n* {{Gutenberg author | id=Bèze,+Théodore+de}}\n* {{Internet Archive author |search=(\"Théodore de Bèze\" OR \"Theodore Beza\")}}\n* {{OL author|2915851A}}\n* [http://homepage.mac.com/shanerosenthal/reformationink/tblawgospel.htm \"The Two Parts of the Word of God: Law & Gospel\"] dari ''The Christian Faith'' oleh Beza\n* [http://homepage.mac.com/shanerosenthal/reformationink/tbfaith.htm \"Faith and Justification\"] dari ''The Christian Faith'' oleh Beza\n* [http://homepage.mac.com/shanerosenthal/reformationink/tbsonofgod.htm \"Jesus Christ the Son of God\"] dari ''The Christian Faith'' oleh Beza\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619235401/http://fly.hiwaay.net/~pspoole/Beza1.htm ''Concerning the Rights of Rulers Over Their Subjects and the Duty Of Subjects Towards Their Rulers''], suatu makalah oleh Beza\n* [http://homepage.mac.com/shanerosenthal/reformationink/tbfaith.htm Faith & Justification by Beza]\n* [https://books.google.com/books?id=b08_Dq8RbxUC&pg=PR19#PPR6,M1 ''The Life of John Calvin''] oleh Beza\n* [http://eod.vkol.cz/iii2631/ \"Theodori Bezae Vezelii Volumen ... Tractationum Theologicarum\"] one of the Beza's theological works in the Olomouc Research Library public catalogue\n* [http://www.supralapsarian.com/descriptions/description-beza-truth.html] Beza's work entitled The Treasure of Gospel Truth, printed in 1576.\n\n{{s-start}}\n{{s-rel}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[John Calvin]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=Moderator [[:en:Genevan Company of Pastors|Perkumpulan Pastor Jenewa]]|years=1564–1580}}\n{{s-vac|reason=Digantikan oleh kepresidenan tiap minggu|next=[[Simon Goulart]]}}\n{{s-aca}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[John Calvin]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=Ketua jurusan teologi pada [[Universitas Jenewa|Akademi Jenewa]]|years=1564–1599}}\n{{s-aft|after=[[Giovanni Diodati]]}}\n{{s-end}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n{{Commonscat|Théodore de Bèze}}\n{{lifetime|1519|1605|Beza, Theodore}}\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Beza, Theodore}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh reformasi Protestan]]\n[[Kategori:Penerjemah Alkitab]]","hash":"c16835c15195bdd31d2f27e46b579e714cb88d222b1158edd03c0be9a0f477fa","last_revision":"2023-08-22T03:25:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T08:10:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:46.748746","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"ثيودور بيزا","arz":"ثيودور بيزا","ca":"Théodore de Bèze","ckb":"تیۆدۆر دو بێز","cs":"Theodor Beza","de":"Théodore de Bèze","en":"Theodore Beza","eo":"Teodoro Beza","es":"Teodoro de Beza","fa":"تئودور دو بز","fi":"Theodore Beza","fr":"Théodore de Bèze","he":"תאודור בזה","hu":"Béza Tódor","it":"Teodoro di Beza","ja":"テオドール・ド・ベーズ","ko":"테오도르 드 베즈","la":"Theodorus Beza","mzn":"تئودور دو بز","nds":"Théodore de Bèze","nl":"Theodorus Beza","oc":"Théodore de Bèze","pl":"Teodor Beza","pt":"Teodoro de Beza","ro":"Theodorus Beza","ru":"Беза, Теодор","sl":"Theodore Beza","sq":"Theodore Beza","sv":"Theodor Beza","tr":"Théodore de Bèze","uk":"Теодор Беза","ur":"تھیوڈور بیزا","zh":"泰奥多尔·贝扎"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Theodore Beza (; atau Théodore de Besze; ) adalah seorang teolog Kristen Protestan Prancis dan sarjana yang memainkan peran penting dalam Reformasi awal. Seorang anggota gerakan monarchomaque yang menentang monarki absolut, ia adalah murid dari Yohanes Calvin dan menghabiskan sebagian besar hidupnya tinggal di Jenewa, Swiss.\n\nTheodore Beza lahir di Vézelay, dalam wilayah Burgundy, Prancis. Ayahnya, Pierre de Beze, royal governor Vézelay, adalah keturunan keluarga Burgundian yang terpandang; ibunya, Marie Bourdelot, terkenal karena kedermawanannya. Ayah Beza mempunyai dua saudara laki-laki; Nicholas, seorang anggota Parliament di Paris; dan Claude, seorang abbott monastery Sisterian Froimont dalam diokese Beauvais.\n\nNicholas, yang tidak menikah, dalam suatu kunjungan ke Vézelay sangat menyukai Theodore sehingga, dengan persetujuan orangtuanya, membawa anak itu ke Paris untuk dididik di sana. Dari Paris, Theodore dikirim ke Orléans pada bulan Desember 1528 untuk menerima pendidikan dari guru Jerman terkenal Melchior Wolmar. Ia diterima ke dalam keluarga Wolmar, dan hari peristiwa itu diperingati sebagai \"hari kelahiran kedua\" baginya.\n\nBeza muda lalu mengikuti gurunya ke Bourges, karena gurunya itu diundang oleh duchess Margaret di Angoulême, saudara perempuan Francis I. Pada waktu itu, Bourges merupakan pusat gerakan Reformasi di Prancis. Pada tahun 1534, setelah Francis I mengeluarkan dekritnya melawan inovasi gerejawi, Wolmar pulang ke Jerman. Beza, menuruti keinginan ayahnya, kembali ke Orléans untuk belajar ilmu hukum, menghabiskan empat tahun di sana (1535–39). Belajar hukum kurang menarik baginya; ia lebih suka membaca karya klasik kuno, terutama Ovid, Catullus, dan Tibullus.\n\nIa meraih gelar licentiate in law pada tanggal 11 Agustus 1539, dan, seperti diinginkan ayahnya, pergi ke Paris, di mana ia mulai praktik ilmu hukum. Untuk mendukungnya, kerabatnya telah mendapatkan baginya dua benefices, hasilnya mencapai 700 golden crown per tahun; dan pamannya telah berjanji untuk menjadikannya penerusnya.\n\nBeza tinggal dua tahun di Paris dan memperoleh posisi terkemuka di kalangan sastrawan. Untuk menghindari banyak pengobatan yang menggodanya, dengan sepengetahuan dua sahabat, ia bertunangan pada tahun 1544 dengandseorang gadis dari keluarga sederhana, Claudine Denoese, berjanji akan menikahi di depan umum segera setelah situasi mengizinkan.\n\nPada tahun 1548 Beza menerbitkan sebuah koleksi puisi bahasa Latin, Juvenilia, yang membuatnya terkenal, dan ia dikenal luas sebagai salah seorang penulis puisi Latin terbaik pada zamannya. Para sarjana berhati-hati untuk tidak mencari-cari detail biografi dalam tulisan-tulisannya. Philip Schaff berargumen bahwa merupakan kesalahan untuk \"membaca di antara baris-baris apa yang tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk ditaruhnya di sana\" atau untuk membayangkan \"pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang tidak dilakukannya sekalipun dalam pikiran.\"\n\nSegeta setelah penerbitan bukunya, ia jatuh sakit dan penyakit itu menyatakan kepadanya akan kebutuhan spiritualnya. Perlahan-lahan ia sadar untuk menerima keselamatan dalam Kristus, yang membangkitkan semangatnya. Ia kemudian memutuskan untuk memutuskan hubungan-hubungan saat itu, dan berangkat ke Jenewa, kota suaka Prancis untuk kaum Evangelikal (pengikut gerakan Reformasi), dan tiba bersama Claudine pada tanggal 23 Oktober 1548.\n\nIa diterima oleh John Calvin, yang pernah bertemu dengannya di rumah Wolmar, dan menikah dengan Claudine di gereja Calvin. Beza tidak bisa segera mendapatkan pekerjaan sehingga ia pergi ke Tübingen menemui mantan gurunya, Wolmar. Dalam perjalanan pulang, ia mengunjungi Pierre Viret di Lausanne, yang membantunya mendapat jabatan profesor bahasa Yunani di akademi di sana pada bulan November 1549.\n\nBeza mendapat waktu menulis suatu drama alkitabiah, Abraham Sacrifiant , di mana ia membandingkan Katolikisme dengan Protestantisme, dan karya ini diterima baik. Teks sejumlah ayat memuat petunjuk penampilan musik, tetapi musiknya tidak terlestarikan.\n\nSetelah kematian Clément Marot pada tahun 1544, John Calvin meminta Beza melengkapi terjemahan metrik bahasa Prancisnya untuk Kitab Mazmur. Tiga puluh empat terjemahannya diterbitkan dalam edisi tahun 1551 \"Mamur Jenewa (Genevan Psalter)\", dan enam lagi ditambahkan pada edisi-edisi berikutnya.\n\nPada saat yang bersamaan ia menerbitkan Passavantius, suatu satire yang ditujukan melawan Pierre Lizet, mantan presiden Parliament of Paris, dan penyulut utama \"kamar berapi\" (\"fiery chamber\";chambre ardente), yang waktu itu (1551) menjabat sebagai abbot di St. Victor dekat Paris dan menerbitkan sejumlah tulisan polemik.\n\nBeza terlibat dalam dua kontroversi serius pada masa itu. Yang pertama mengenai doktrin predestinasi dan yang kedua, kontroversi Calvin dengan Jerome Hermes Bolsec, terkait pembakaran Michael Servetus di Jenewa pada tanggal 27 Oktober 1553. Untuk membela Calvin dan para magistrat Jenewa, Beza menerbitkan karya pada tahun 1554 berjudul De haereticis a civili magistratu puniendis (diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Prancis tahun 1560).\n\nPada tahun 1557, Beza menaruh minat khusus pada nasib orang-orang Waldens di Piemonte, Italia, yang dianiaya oleh pemerintah Prancis. Untuk membantu mereka, ia pergi bersama William Farel ke Bern, Zürich, Basel, dan Schaffhausen, Kemudian ke Strasburg, Mömpelgard, Baden, dan Göppingen. Di Baden dan Göppingen, Beza dan Farel membuat deklarasi mengenai pandangan kaum Waldens terhadap sakramen pada tanggal 14 Mei 1557. Deklarasi tertulis itu jelas menyatakan posisi mereka dan diterima baik oleh para teolog Lutheran, ditentang keras di Bern dan Zurich.\n\nPada musim gugur tahun 1558, Beza melakukan perjalanan kedua bersama Farel ke Worms lewat Strasburg dengan harapan mengupayakan campur tangan para pangeran Evangelikal di dalam kekaisaran untuk membela saudara-saudara yang dianiaya di Paris. Bersama Melanchthon dan para teolog lain yang waktu itu berkumpul di Colloquy di Worms, Beza mengusulkan persatuan semua orang Kristen Protestan, tetapi usul itu dipastikan ditolak oleh jemaat di Zurich dan Bern.\n\nLaporan-laporan palsu sampai ke tangan para pangeran Jerman bahwa permusuhan terhadap kaum Huguenot di Prancis sudah dihentikan dan tidak ada duta yang dikirimkan ke istana Prancis. Akibatnya, Beza melakukan perjalanan lagi bersama Farel, Johannes Buddaeus, dan Gaspard Carmel ke Strasburg dan Frankfort, di mana akhirnya pengutusan duta ke Paris dapat diselesaikan.\n\nSekembalinya ke Lausanne, Beza terganggu pikirannya. Dalam persatuan dengan banyak pendeta dan profesor di Jenewa dan negara, Viret akhirnya berpikir untuk mendirikan consistory dan memasukkan disiplin gereja yang menerapkan ekskomunikasi terutama pada perayaan komuni. Tetapi orang-orang Bern, yang waktu itu mengontrol Lausanne, tidak menghendaki pemerintahan gereja Calvinis. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak kesulitan, dan Beza berpikir pada tahun 1558 lebih baik menetap di Jenewa. Di kota itu ia diberi jabatan untuk bidang bahasa Yunani pada akademi yang baru didirikan, dan setelah kematian Calvin juga jabatan bidang teologi. Ia juga wajib untuk berkhotbah.\n\nIa menyelesaikan revisi terjemahan Perjanjian Baru karya Pierre Olivetan yang dimulai beberapa tahun sebelumnya.\n\nPada tahun 1559, ia melakukan perjalanan lagi demi kepentingan kaum Huguenot, Kali ini ke Heidelberg. Pada sekitar waktu yang sama, ia harus membela Calvin melawan Joachim Westphal di Hamburg dan Tilemann Heshusius.\n\nLebih penting dari aktivitas polemik ini adalah pernyataan pengakuan iman Beza sendiri. Asalnya disiapkan untuk ayahnya sebagai pembenaran tindakan-tindakannya dan diterbitkan dalam bentuk direvisi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan Evangelikal di antara orang-orang sebangsanya. Dicetak dalam bahasa Latin pada tahun 1560 dengan sebuah dedikasi kepada Wolmar. Terjemahan bahasa Inggris diterbitkan di London pada tahun 1563, 1572, dan 1585. Terjemahan ke dalam bahasa Jerman, Belanda dan Italia juga diterbitkan.\n\nPada waktu itu keadaan di Prancis semakin buruk buat masa depan Protestantisme. Raja Antoine dari Navarre, mengalah kepada desakan kuat para bangsawan Evangelikal, menyatakan kesediaannya untuk mendengarkan penjelasan seorang guru terkemuka dari Gereja. Beza, yang termasuk bangsawan Prancis dan kepala akademi di ibu kota Protestantisme Prancis, diundang ke Castle Nerac, tetapi ia tidak dapat menanamkan benih iman Evangelikal ke dalam hati raja.\n\nPada tahun berikutnya, 1561, Beza mewakili kaum Evangelikal pada Colloquy di Poissy, dan dengan fasih membela prinsip-prinsip iman Evangelikal. Colloquy itu tidak menghasilkan apa-apa, tetapi Beza sebagai kepala dan advokat seluruh jemaat Reformasi di Prancis menjadi dihormati dan sekaligus dibenci.\n\nRatu memaksa mengadakan colloquy lain, yang dibuka di St. Germain pada tanggal 28 Januari 1562, sebelas hari setelah proklamasi dekrit Januari yang terkenal, yang memberikan hak kebebasan penting bagi para penganut iman Reformasi. Namun,colloquy itu terpecah setelah terbukti bahwa pihak Katolik telah mempersiapkan (setelah Pembantaian Vassy, pada tanggal 1 Maret 1562) untuk menggulingkan Protestantisme.\n\nBeza dengan buru-buru menerbitkan suatu surat untuk dibaca berkeliling (25 Maret 1562) kepada seluruh jemaat Reformasi di kekaisaran, dan pergi ke Orléans bersama pemimpin Huguenot Conde dan tentaranya. Penting untuk maju secepatnya dan dengan bersemangat, tetapi tidak ada tentara maupun uang. Atas permintaan Conde, Beza mengunjungi semua kota kaum Huguenot untuk memperoleh tentara dan uang. Ia juga menulis suatu manifesto di mana ia berargumen bagi keadilan untuk kepentingan Reformasi. Sebagai salah seorang utusan untuk mengumpulkan tentara dan uang di antara kaum coreligionists, Beza ditunjuk untuk mengunjungi Inggris, Jerman, dan Swiss. Ia pergi ke Strasburg dan Basel, tetapi mengalami kegagalan. Ia lalu pulang ke Jenewa, tiba tanggal 4 September. Belum sampai 14 hari di sana, ia sekali lagi dipanggil ke Orléans oleh D'Andelot. Kampanyenya lama lain lebih sukses; tetapi publikasi dekrit perdamaian yang kurang menguntungkan yang diterima oleh Conde (12 Maret 1563) menyebabkan Beza dan semua orang Protestan Prancis dipenuhi rasa kaget yang negatif.\n\nSelama 22 bulan Beza telah pergi dari Jenewa, dan urusan sekolah maupun Gereja di sana, terutama kondisi kesehatan Calvin membuatnya harus kembali karena tidak ada orang lain yang bisa menggantikan Calvin, yang sakit-sakitan dan tidak bisa bekerja penuh. Calvin dan Beza mengatur melaksanakan tugas bersama pada minggu-minggu berselingan. Setelah kematian Calvin pada tanggal 27 Mei 1564, Beza menjadi penerusnya.\n\nSampai tahun 1580, Beza bukan hanya menjabat moderator Company of Pastors, tetapi juga jiwa sejati bagi institusi agung pembelajaran di Jenewa yang didirikan oleh Calvin pada tahun 1559, yang terdiri dari satu gymnasium dan satu akademi. Seumur hidupnya, Beza menaruh minat pada pendidikan tinggi. Selama hampir 40 tahun orang-orang muda Protestan memenuhi ruang kuliahnya untuk mendengar kuliah teologinya, yang memaparkan ortodoksi murni Calvinisme. Sebagai seorang penasihat, pendapatnya didengarkan oleh para magistrat dan pastor. Ia mendirikan suatu sekolah hukum di Jenewa di mana François Hotman, Jules Pacius, dan Denys Godefroy, para ahli hukum terkemuka abad itu, memberikan kuliah secara bergantian (cf. Charles Borgeaud, L'Academie de Calvin, Geneva, 1900).\n\nBeza berhasil menjadi pengganti Calvin, bukan hanya meneruskan pekerjaannya tetapi juga memberikan damai pada Gereja di Jenewa. Para magistrat sepenuhnya menerima ide-ide Calvin, dan pengarahan urusan rohani, badan yang terdiri dari \"ministers of the word\" (=pelayan Firman) dan \"consistory\", ditetapkan dengan dasar kuat. Tidak ada kontroversi doktrin yang muncul setelah tahun 1564. Diskusi berkisar pertanyaan terkait hal-hal praktis, sosial atau gerejawi, seperti kepangkatan magistrat di atas para pastor, kebebasan berkotbah, dan kewajiban para pastor untuk tunduk pada mayoritas Company of Pastors.\n\nBeza tidak memaksakan kehendaknya pada para sejawatnya, dan tidak mengambil tindakan keras terhadap rekan-rekan yang tidak adil atau pemarah, meskipun kadang kala ia mengambil alih kasus mereka dan bertindak sebagai mediator/penengah; tetapi ia sering mengalami perlawanan yang sangat ekstrim sehingga mengancam untuk mengundurkan diri. Meskipun ia cenderung berpihak kepada para magistrat, ia tahu bagaimana membela hak dan kebebasan kuasa rohani jika diperlukan, tanpa mengurangi kewibawaan sebagaimana halnya Calvin.\n\nMenurut Beza tidaklah bijaksana Company of Pastors mempunyai ketua tetap. Ia meyakinkan Company untuk menyampaikan petisi kepada Small Council agar masa jabatan moderator dibatasi waktunya. Pada tahun 1580 Council menyetujui perputaran jabatan kepresidenan mingguan.\n\nAktivitasnya semakin meningkat, terutama menjadi penengah antara compagnie dan magistrasi, di mana magistrasi terus-menerus meminta nasihatnya bahkan untuk urusan politik. Ia berkomunikasi dengan seluruh pemimpin kelompok-kelompok Reformasi di Eropa. Setelah Pembantaian Hari Santo Bartolomeus (1572), ia menggunakan pengaruhnya agar para pengungsi diterima dengan baik di Jenewa.\n\nPada tahun 1574, ia menulis De jure magistratuum (Hak Magistrat) di mana ia secara tegas memprotes tirani dalam hal-hal agamawi, dan menegaskan bahwa sah bagi umat untuk menentang magistrasi yang tidak berharga dalam urusan praktis dan jika perlu menggunakan senjata dalam menggulingkannya.\n\nTanpa menjadi dogmatis besar seperti Calvin, juga bukan jenius kreatif dalam dunia keagamaan, Beza memiliki kualitas-kualitas yang membuatnya terkenal sebagai humanis, penafsir Alkitab, orator, dan pemimpin dalam urusan agama dan politik, serta berkompeten menjadi pemandu kaum Calvinis di seluruh Eropa.\n\nBeza terus membina hubungan erat dengan kaum Reformasi Prancis. Ia menjadi moderator sinode am yang bertemu pada bulan April 1571 di La Rochelle. Sidang itu memutuskan tidak menghapuskan disiplin gereja atau mengakui pemerintah sipil sebagai kepala Gereja, seperti yang dituntut oleh pendeta Paris, Jean Morel, dan filsuf Pierre Ramus; sementara memutuskan menegaskan kembali doktrin Calvinistik mengenai Perjamuan Kudus (dengan pernyataan: \"substansi tubuh Kristus\"/\"substance of the body of Christ\") bertentangan dengan Zwinglianisme, yang menyebabkan pertikaian antara Beza dan Ramus dan Heinrich Bullinger.\n\nPada tahun berikutnya (Mei 1572) Beza berperan penting dalam sinode nasional di Nîmes. Ia juga tertarik pada kontroversi yang terkait Pengakuan Iman Augsburg di Jerman, khususnya setelah tahun 1564, mengenai doktrin Pribadi Kristus dan sakramen, serta menerbitkan beberapa karya menentang Westphal, Hesshusen, Selnecker, Johannes Brenz, dan Jakob Andrea. Ini menyebabkan dia dibenci oleh semua orang yang melekat pada Lutheranisme yang berlawanan dengan Melanchthon, terutama setelah tahun 1571.\n\nKonflik polemik terakhir penting yang dijumpai oleh Beza dari kaum Lutheran adalah pada Colloquy Montbéliard, 14-27 Maret 1586, di mana ia diundang oleh Lutheran Count, Frederick dari Württemberg, atas permintaan penduduk berbahasa Prancis dan kaum Reformasi saerta para bangsawan Prancis yang telah melarikan diri ke Montbéliard. Tujuan pertemuan colloquy itu sendiri tidak diajukan, namun mengakibatkan perkembangan serius dalam Gereja Reformasi.\n\nKetika edisi tindakan-tindakan colloquy, yang disiapkan oleh Jakob Andrea, diterbitkan, Samuel Huber, dari Burg dekat Bern, yang merupakan anggota faksi Lutheranizing dalam Swiss clergy, merasa sangat terluka terhadap doktrin supralapsarian mengenai predestinasi yang diajukan di Montbéliard oleh Beza dan Musculus sehingga ia merasa sebagai kewajibannya untuk menolak Musculus sebagai magistrat Bern karena merupakan seorang inovator doktrin tersebut. Untuk menyesuaikan hal itu, para magistrat mengatur suatu colloquy antara Huber dan Musculus (2 September 1587), di mana Huber menyampaikan universalisme, sedangkan Musculus partikularisme, dari anugerah.\n\nKarena colloquy itu tidak membuahkan hasil, suatu debat diselenggarakan di Bern, 15-18 April 1588, di mana pembelaan sistem doktrin yang diterima pada awalnya diletakkan di tangan Beza. Tiga delegasi kanton Helvetika yang memimpin debat itu akhirnya menyatakan bahwa Beza telah mensubstantiasi ajaran yang diajukan di Montbéliard sebagai ajaran ortodoks, dan Huber was diberhentikan dari jabatannya.\n\nSetelah waktu itu aktivitas Beza lebih terbatas pada urusan di rumah tangganya. Istrinya, Claudine, meninggal tanpa anak pada tahun 1588 setelah menikah 40 tahun, beberapa hari sebelum ia berangkat ke Bern Disputation. Atas nasihat sahabat-sahabatnya, ia menikah lagi dengan Catharina del Piano, seorang janda asal Jenewa, supaya mempunyai rekan pembantu dalam tahun-tahun terakhirnya. Sampai usia 65 tahun ia sangat sehat, tetapi setelahnya vitalitasnya perlahan menurun. Ia aktif mengajar sampai Januari 1597.\n\nPengalaman paling sedih pada usia tuanya adalah kembalinya Raja Henry IV menganut Katolikisme, meskipun Beza telah berusaha menasihatinya dengan serius (1593). Pada tahun 1596 suatu laporan palsu diedarkan oleh kaum Yesuit di Jerman, Prancis, Inggris, dan Italia bahwa Beza dan Gereja Jenewa telah kembali ke lingkungan Gereja Roma, dan Beza menanggapi dengan suatu satire yang menunjukkan bahwa ia masih memiliki api kehidupan dalam pikiran dan ekspresi sastranya. Beza meninggal di Jenewa pada tahun 1605. Ia tidak dimakamkan seperti Calvin di makam umum Plain-Palais (karena kaum Savoyards pernah mengancam akan menculik mayatnya dan membawanya ke Roma), tetapi atas arahan para magistrat, dalam biara St. Pierre.\n\nAktivitas sastar Beza sebagaimana hidupnya, harus dibedakan antara periode humanis (yang berakhir dengan publikasi Juvenilia) dan periode gerejawi. Dengan gabungan bakat pastoral dan sastra, Beza menulis drama pertama dalam bahasa Prancis, Abrahm Sacrifiant; suatu drama yang merupakan antecedent karya Racine dan kadang kala masih diproduksi saat ini. Produksi berikutnya yang humanistik, menggigit dan satiris seperti Passavantius dan Complainte de Messire Pierre Lizet... membuktikan bahwa kelak ia masih kembali pada minat semula. Pada usia tua, ia mempublikasikan Cato censorius (1591), dan merevisi Poemata, dari mana ia membuang keeksentrikan masa mudanya.\n\nDi antara karya sejarahnya, selain Icones (1580), yang hanya bernilai dari sisi ikonografi, dapat disebutkan yang terkemuka antara lain: Histoire ecclesiastique des Eglises reformes au Royaume de France (1580), dan biografinya mengenai Calvin, yaitu Epistolae et responsa (1575).\n\nSemua studi humanistik dan sejarah ini jauh dilampaui oleh produksi teologinya (di dalam Tractationes theologicae). Di sini Beza tampak sebagai seorang murid yang sempurna atau alter ego (=duplikat pribadi) Calvin. Pandangannya mengenai hidup adalah deterministik dan dasar pemikiran agamawinya adalah pengenalan predestinasi akan kebutuhan semua keberadaan sementara sebagai dampak kehendak Allah yang mutlak, kekal, dan tidak berubah, sehingga kejatuhan manusia baginya merupakan suatu hal esensiel bagi rencana ilahi untuk dunia ini. Beza, dalam bentuk tabel, dengan cermat menguraikan pandangan-pandangan agamawi yang keluar dari gaya pemikiran fundamental supralapsarian. Ini ditambahkannya dalam makalah yang sangat berguna, Summa totius Christianismi.\n\nKarya Beza, De vera excommunicatione et Christiano presbyterio (1590), ditulis sebagai respons terhadap karya Thomas Erastus, Explicatio gravissimae quaestionis utrum excommunicatio (1589), berkontribusi sebagai pembelaan penting bagi hak otoritas gerejawi (bukan otoritas sipil) untuk ekskomunikasi.\n\nSalah satu nilai pentingnya adalah kontribusi terhadap kesarjanaan Alkitab. Pada tahun 1565 ia menerbitkan suatu edisi Perjanjian Baru, dilampiri dengan suatu kolom paralel teks Vulgata dan suatu terjemahannya sendiri (yang sudah dipublikasikan sedini tahun 1556). Anotasi atau catatan ditambahkan, juga telah dipublikasikan sebelumnya, tetapi lebih diperkaya dan diperluas.\n\nDalam persiapan edisi bahasa Yunani ini, dan lebih lagi untuk edisi kedua yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1582, Beza menggunakan bantuan dua naskah sangat berharga, yaitu yang pertama: Codex Bezae atau Cantabrigensis, yang kemudian dihadiahkan oleh Beza kepada Universitas Cambridge, dan tetap disimpan di Cambridge University Library; yang kedua: Codex Claromontanus, yang ditemukan oleh Beza di Clermont (sekarang disimpan di Bibliothèque Nationale de France di Paris).\n\nNamun, sumber-sumber ini bukanlah yang utama bagi Beza, melainkan ia mendasarinya pada karya Robert Estienne (1550), yang berdasarkan pada edisi-edisi terakhir Erasmus. Pekerjaan Beza dalam bidang ini sangat membantu para peneliti selanjutnya. Demikian pula karyanya dalam versi bahasa Latin dan catatan-catatan yang menyertainya, di mana akhirnya semua karya ini dicetak ulang beratus-ratus kali.\n\nMeskipun ada yang melihat pandangan Beza mengenai doktrin predestinasi terlalu berpengaruh dominan dalam penafsiran alkitabiahnya, tidak ada keraguan bahwa Beza telah memberikan tambahan pemahaman jelas mengenai Perjanjian Baru.\n\nFranciscus Junius Immanuel Tremellius Supralapsarianisme\n\nPublikasi karya dan mengenai Theodore Beza dalam katalog Helveticat di Perpustakaan Nasional Swiss\n\n\"The Two Parts of the Word of God: Law & Gospel\" dari The Christian Faith oleh Beza \"Faith and Justification\" dari The Christian Faith oleh Beza \"Jesus Christ the Son of God\" dari The Christian Faith oleh Beza Concerning the Rights of Rulers Over Their Subjects and the Duty Of Subjects Towards Their Rulers, suatu makalah oleh Beza Faith & Justification by Beza The Life of John Calvin oleh Beza \"Theodori Bezae Vezelii Volumen ... Tractationum Theologicarum\" one of the Beza's theological works in the Olomouc Research Library public catalogue Beza's work entitled The Treasure of Gospel Truth, printed in 1576.\n\nKategori:Tokoh reformasi Protestan Kategori:Penerjemah Alkitab\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox theologian\n|name = Theodore Beza\n|image =Theodore-de-Beze-2.jpg\n|image_size =\n|caption =\n|birth_name = Théodore de Bèze atau de Besze\n|birth_date = {{birth date|1519|06|24|df=yes}}\n|birth_place = [[Vezelay]], [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]\n|death_date = {{death date and age|1605|10|13|1519|06|24|df=yes}}\n|death_place = [[Geneva]], [[Republic and Canton of Geneva#History|Republic of Geneva]]\n|occupation = Pastor, penulis, teolog\n|tradition_movement = [[Calvinism|Reformed, Calvinist]]\n|notable_works = ''Summa totius Christianismi''\n\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Theodore Beza (; atau Théodore de Besze; ) adalah seorang teolog Kristen Protestan Prancis dan sarjana yang memainkan peran penting dalam Reformasi awal.","translated_text":"Theodore Beza (; or Théodore de Besze; ) was a French Protestant Christian theologian and scholar who played an important role in the early Reformation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seorang anggota gerakan monarchomaque yang menentang monarki absolut, ia adalah murid dari Yohanes Calvin dan menghabiskan sebagian besar hidupnya tinggal di Jenewa, Swiss.","translated_text":"A member of the monarchomaque movement against absolute monarchy, he was a disciple of John Calvin and spent most of his life living in Geneva, Switzerland.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biografi","translated_text":"His biography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Masa muda","translated_text":"Youth","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Theodore Beza lahir di Vézelay, dalam wilayah Burgundy, Prancis.","translated_text":"Theodore Beza was born in Vézelay, in the Burgundy region of France.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayahnya, Pierre de Beze, royal governor Vézelay, adalah keturunan keluarga Burgundian yang terpandang; ibunya, Marie Bourdelot, terkenal karena kedermawanannya.","translated_text":"His father, Pierre de Beze, royal governor of Vézelay, was a descendant of a prominent Burgundian family; his mother, Marie Bourdelot, was noted for her generosity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ayah Beza mempunyai dua saudara laki-laki; Nicholas, seorang anggota Parliament di Paris; dan Claude, seorang abbott monastery Sisterian Froimont dalam diokese Beauvais.","translated_text":"Beza's father had two brothers; Nicholas, a member of Parliament in Paris; and Claude, an abbott of the Friar monastery of Froimont in the diocese of Beauvais.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nicholas, yang tidak menikah, dalam suatu kunjungan ke Vézelay sangat menyukai Theodore sehingga, dengan persetujuan orangtuanya, membawa anak itu ke Paris untuk dididik di sana.","translated_text":"Nicholas, an unmarried man, on a visit to Vézelay liked Theodore so much that, with his parents' consent, he took the boy to Paris to be educated there.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari Paris, Theodore dikirim ke Orléans pada bulan Desember 1528 untuk menerima pendidikan dari guru Jerman terkenal Melchior Wolmar.","translated_text":"From Paris, Theodore was sent to Orléans in December 1528 to receive an education from the famous German teacher Melchior Wolmar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia diterima ke dalam keluarga Wolmar, dan hari peristiwa itu diperingati sebagai \"hari kelahiran kedua\" baginya.","translated_text":"He was accepted into the Wolmar family, and the day of the event was commemorated as his \"second birthday\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza muda lalu mengikuti gurunya ke Bourges, karena gurunya itu diundang oleh duchess Margaret di Angoulême, saudara perempuan Francis I. Pada waktu itu, Bourges merupakan pusat gerakan Reformasi di Prancis.","translated_text":"Young Beza then followed his teacher to Bourges, as his teacher was invited by the duchess Margaret of Angoulême, sister of Francis I. At the time, Bourges was the centre of the Reform movement in France.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1534, setelah Francis I mengeluarkan dekritnya melawan inovasi gerejawi, Wolmar pulang ke Jerman.","translated_text":"In 1534, after Francis I issued his decree against ecclesiastical innovation, Wolmar returned to Germany.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beza, menuruti keinginan ayahnya, kembali ke Orléans untuk belajar ilmu hukum, menghabiskan empat tahun di sana (1535–39).","translated_text":"Beza, following his father's wishes, returned to Orléans to study law, spending four years there (1535 ⁇ 39).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Belajar hukum kurang menarik baginya; ia lebih suka membaca karya klasik kuno, terutama Ovid, Catullus, dan Tibullus.","translated_text":"He was less interested in studying law; he preferred to read ancient classical works, especially those of Ovid, Catullus, and Tibullus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia meraih gelar licentiate in law pada tanggal 11 Agustus 1539, dan, seperti diinginkan ayahnya, pergi ke Paris, di mana ia mulai praktik ilmu hukum.","translated_text":"He obtained a licentiate in law on 11 August 1539, and, as his father desired, went to Paris, where he began the practice of law.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mendukungnya, kerabatnya telah mendapatkan baginya dua benefices, hasilnya mencapai 700 golden crown per tahun; dan pamannya telah berjanji untuk menjadikannya penerusnya.","translated_text":"To support him, his relatives had obtained for him two benefits, which amounted to 700 golden crowns a year; and his uncle had promised to make him his successor.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza tinggal dua tahun di Paris dan memperoleh posisi terkemuka di kalangan sastrawan.","translated_text":"Beza lived for two years in Paris and gained a prominent position among writers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk menghindari banyak pengobatan yang menggodanya, dengan sepengetahuan dua sahabat, ia bertunangan pada tahun 1544 dengandseorang gadis dari keluarga sederhana, Claudine Denoese, berjanji akan menikahi di depan umum segera setelah situasi mengizinkan.","translated_text":"To avoid much seductive treatment, with the knowledge of two friends, he was engaged in 1544 to a girl from a modest family, Claudine Denoese, pledging to marry in public as soon as the situation permitted.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1548 Beza menerbitkan sebuah koleksi puisi bahasa Latin, Juvenilia, yang membuatnya terkenal, dan ia dikenal luas sebagai salah seorang penulis puisi Latin terbaik pada zamannya.","translated_text":"In 1548 Beza published a collection of Latin poetry, Juvenilia, which made him famous, and he was widely recognized as one of the finest Latin poets of his time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para sarjana berhati-hati untuk tidak mencari-cari detail biografi dalam tulisan-tulisannya.","translated_text":"Scholars are careful not to look for biographical details in their writings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Philip Schaff berargumen bahwa merupakan kesalahan untuk \"membaca di antara baris-baris apa yang tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk ditaruhnya di sana\" atau untuk membayangkan \"pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang tidak dilakukannya sekalipun dalam pikiran.\"","translated_text":"Philip Schaff argues that it is a mistake to \"read between the lines what he was never meant to say there\" or to imagine \"offenses he did not even in his mind\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc8.iv.xix.i.html ''History of the Christian Church'' vol. viii, sec. 167]]","char_index":246,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc8.iv.xix.i.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36670,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:00.856666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7685546875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Segeta setelah penerbitan bukunya, ia jatuh sakit dan penyakit itu menyatakan kepadanya akan kebutuhan spiritualnya.","translated_text":"Immediately after the publication of his book, he fell ill and the illness made him aware of his spiritual need.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perlahan","translated_text":"Slow down.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-lahan ia sadar untuk menerima keselamatan dalam Kristus, yang membangkitkan semangatnya.","translated_text":"- he is conscious of receiving salvation in Christ, which awakens his spirit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia kemudian memutuskan untuk memutuskan hubungan-hubungan saat itu, dan berangkat ke Jenewa, kota suaka Prancis untuk kaum Evangelikal (pengikut gerakan Reformasi), dan tiba bersama Claudine pada tanggal 23 Oktober 1548.","translated_text":"He then decided to cut off those relations, and set off for Geneva, the French city of refuge for the Evangelicals (followers of the Reformation), arriving with Claudine on October 23, 1548.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Guru di Lausanne","translated_text":"Teachers in Lausanne","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia diterima oleh John Calvin, yang pernah bertemu dengannya di rumah Wolmar, dan menikah dengan Claudine di gereja Calvin.","translated_text":"He was received by John Calvin, who had met him at Wolmar's house, and married Claudine at Calvin's church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beza tidak bisa segera mendapatkan pekerjaan sehingga ia pergi ke Tübingen menemui mantan gurunya, Wolmar.","translated_text":"Beza could not immediately get a job so he went to Tübingen to meet his former teacher, Wolmar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam perjalanan pulang, ia mengunjungi Pierre Viret di Lausanne, yang membantunya mendapat jabatan profesor bahasa Yunani di akademi di sana pada bulan November 1549.","translated_text":"On his way home, he visited Pierre Viret in Lausanne, who helped him gain a professorship of Greek at the academy there in November 1549.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza mendapat waktu menulis suatu drama alkitabiah, Abraham Sacrifiant , di mana ia membandingkan Katolikisme dengan Protestantisme, dan karya ini diterima baik.","translated_text":"Beza found time to write a biblical play, Abraham Sacrifiant, in which he compared Catholicism to Protestantism, and the work was well received.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[published at Geneva, 1550; Eng. transl. by Arthur Golding, London, 1577, ed., with introduction, notes, and the French text of the original, M. W. Wallace, Toronto, 1906]","char_index":72,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Teks sejumlah ayat memuat petunjuk penampilan musik, tetapi musiknya tidak terlestarikan.","translated_text":"The text of a number of verses contains clues to the musical performance, but the music has not been preserved.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{GroveOnline|title=Bèze, Théodore de|author=Paul-André Gaillard|author2=Richard Freedman|last-author-amp=yes|access-date=January 5, 2016}}]","char_index":89,"name":"Grove","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah kematian Clément Marot pada tahun 1544, John Calvin meminta Beza melengkapi terjemahan metrik bahasa Prancisnya untuk Kitab Mazmur.","translated_text":"After the death of Clément Marot in 1544, John Calvin asked Beza to complete his French metric translation of the Book of Psalms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga puluh empat terjemahannya diterbitkan dalam edisi tahun 1551 \"Mamur Jenewa (Genevan Psalter)\", dan enam lagi ditambahkan pada edisi-edisi berikutnya.","translated_text":"Thirty-four of his translations were published in the 1551 edition of the \"Genevan Psalter\", and six more were added to subsequent editions.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{GroveOnline|title=Bèze, Théodore de|author=Paul-André Gaillard|author2=Richard Freedman|last-author-amp=yes|access-date=January 5, 2016}}]","char_index":154,"name":"Grove","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada saat yang bersamaan ia menerbitkan Passavantius, suatu satire yang ditujukan melawan Pierre Lizet, mantan presiden Parliament of Paris, dan penyulut utama \"kamar berapi\" (\"fiery chamber\";chambre ardente), yang waktu itu (1551) menjabat sebagai abbot di St. Victor dekat Paris dan menerbitkan sejumlah tulisan polemik.","translated_text":"At the same time he published Passavantius, a satire directed against Pierre Lizet, former president of the Parliament of Paris, and the chief instigator of the \"fiery chamber\" (\"chambre ardente\"), who was then (1551) abbot of St. Victor near Paris and published a number of polemical writings.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[https://archive.org/details/lepassavantdeth00bzuoft.]","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/lepassavantdeth00bzuoft","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":254109,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:01.239984-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza terlibat dalam dua kontroversi serius pada masa itu.","translated_text":"Beza was involved in two serious controversies at the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang pertama mengenai doktrin predestinasi dan yang kedua, kontroversi Calvin dengan Jerome Hermes Bolsec, terkait pembakaran Michael Servetus di Jenewa pada tanggal 27 Oktober 1553.","translated_text":"The first concerns the doctrine of predestination and the second, Calvin's controversy with Jerome Hermes Bolsec, concerns the burning of Michael Servetus at Geneva on October 27, 1553.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk membela Calvin dan para magistrat Jenewa, Beza menerbitkan karya pada tahun 1554 berjudul De haereticis a civili magistratu puniendis (diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Prancis tahun 1560).","translated_text":"In defense of Calvin and the magistrates of Geneva, Beza published a work in 1554 entitled De haereticis a civili magistratu puniendis (translated into French in 1560).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perjalanan demi orang-orang Protestan","translated_text":"Travels for the Protestants","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1557, Beza menaruh minat khusus pada nasib orang-orang Waldens di Piemonte, Italia, yang dianiaya oleh pemerintah Prancis.","translated_text":"In 1557, Beza took a special interest in the fate of the Waldens in Piemonte, Italy, who were persecuted by the French government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk membantu mereka, ia pergi bersama William Farel ke Bern, Zürich, Basel, dan Schaffhausen, Kemudian ke Strasburg, Mömpelgard, Baden, dan Göppingen.","translated_text":"To help them, he traveled with William Farel to Bern, Zurich, Basel, and Schaffhausen, then to Strasburg, Mömpelgard, Baden, and Göppingen.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Baden dan Göppingen, Beza dan Farel membuat deklarasi mengenai pandangan kaum Waldens terhadap sakramen pada tanggal 14 Mei 1557.","translated_text":"In Baden and Göppingen, Beza and Farel made a declaration regarding the Waldenses' view of the sacraments on May 14, 1557.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Deklarasi tertulis itu jelas menyatakan posisi mereka dan diterima baik oleh para teolog Lutheran, ditentang keras di Bern dan Zurich.","translated_text":"The written declaration clearly stated their position and was well received by Lutheran theologians, who were fiercely opposed in Bern and Zurich.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada musim gugur tahun 1558, Beza melakukan perjalanan kedua bersama Farel ke Worms lewat Strasburg dengan harapan mengupayakan campur tangan para pangeran Evangelikal di dalam kekaisaran untuk membela saudara-saudara yang dianiaya di Paris.","translated_text":"In the autumn of 1558, Beza made a second trip with Farel to Worms via Strasburg in hopes of seeking the intervention of the evangelical princes within the empire to defend the persecuted brothers in Paris.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama Melanchthon dan para teolog lain yang waktu itu berkumpul di Colloquy di Worms, Beza mengusulkan persatuan semua orang Kristen Protestan, tetapi usul itu dipastikan ditolak oleh jemaat di Zurich dan Bern.","translated_text":"Together with Melanchthon and other theologians then assembled at the Colloquy in Worms, Beza proposed the union of all Protestant Christians, but the proposal was rejected by the congregations of Zurich and Bern.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Laporan","translated_text":"Reports","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-laporan palsu sampai ke tangan para pangeran Jerman bahwa permusuhan terhadap kaum Huguenot di Prancis sudah dihentikan dan tidak ada duta yang dikirimkan ke istana Prancis.","translated_text":"- False reports reached the hands of the German princes that hostilities against the Huguenots in France had ceased and no ambassador was sent to the French court.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akibatnya, Beza melakukan perjalanan lagi bersama Farel, Johannes Buddaeus, dan Gaspard Carmel ke Strasburg dan Frankfort, di mana akhirnya pengutusan duta ke Paris dapat diselesaikan.","translated_text":"As a result, Beza traveled again with Farel, Johannes Buddaeus, and Gaspard Carmel to Strasburg and Frankfort, where the sending of ambassadors to Paris was finally completed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Menetap di Jenewa","translated_text":"Staying in Geneva","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sekembalinya ke Lausanne, Beza terganggu pikirannya.","translated_text":"On his return to Lausanne, Beza was distracted.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam persatuan dengan banyak pendeta dan profesor di Jenewa dan negara, Viret akhirnya berpikir untuk mendirikan consistory dan memasukkan disiplin gereja yang menerapkan ekskomunikasi terutama pada perayaan komuni.","translated_text":"In union with many clergy and professors in Geneva and the country, Viret eventually thought of establishing a consistory and incorporating a church discipline that applied excommunication especially to the celebration of communion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi orang-orang Bern, yang waktu itu mengontrol Lausanne, tidak menghendaki pemerintahan gereja Calvinis.","translated_text":"But the people of Bern, who controlled Lausanne at the time, did not want Calvinist church rule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak kesulitan, dan Beza berpikir pada tahun 1558 lebih baik menetap di Jenewa.","translated_text":"This resulted in many difficulties, and Beza thought in 1558 it would be better to settle in Geneva.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di kota itu ia diberi jabatan untuk bidang bahasa Yunani pada akademi yang baru didirikan, dan setelah kematian Calvin juga jabatan bidang teologi.","translated_text":"There he was given a chair in Greek at the newly established academy, and after Calvin's death a chair in theology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga wajib untuk berkhotbah.","translated_text":"He was also obliged to preach.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia menyelesaikan revisi terjemahan Perjanjian Baru karya Pierre Olivetan yang dimulai beberapa tahun sebelumnya.","translated_text":"He completed a revision of Pierre Olivetan's New Testament translation begun a few years earlier.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1559, ia melakukan perjalanan lagi demi kepentingan kaum Huguenot, Kali ini ke Heidelberg.","translated_text":"In 1559, he traveled again for the benefit of the Huguenots, this time to Heidelberg.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada sekitar waktu yang sama, ia harus membela Calvin melawan Joachim Westphal di Hamburg dan Tilemann Heshusius.","translated_text":"At about the same time, he had to defend Calvin against Joachim Westphal in Hamburg and Tilemann Heshusius.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lebih penting dari aktivitas polemik ini adalah pernyataan pengakuan iman Beza sendiri.","translated_text":"More important than this polemical activity was Beza's own confession of faith.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asalnya disiapkan untuk ayahnya sebagai pembenaran tindakan-tindakannya dan diterbitkan dalam bentuk direvisi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan Evangelikal di antara orang-orang sebangsanya.","translated_text":"It was originally prepared for his father as a justification of his actions and published in revised form to increase the knowledge of the Gospel among his contemporaries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dicetak dalam bahasa Latin pada tahun 1560 dengan sebuah dedikasi kepada Wolmar.","translated_text":"Printed in Latin in 1560 with a dedication to Wolmar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terjemahan bahasa Inggris diterbitkan di London pada tahun 1563, 1572, dan 1585.","translated_text":"English translations were published in London in 1563, 1572, and 1585.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terjemahan ke dalam bahasa Jerman, Belanda dan Italia juga diterbitkan.","translated_text":"Translations into German, Dutch, and Italian were also published.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tahun 1560–1563","translated_text":"The year 1560-1563","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada waktu itu keadaan di Prancis semakin buruk buat masa depan Protestantisme.","translated_text":"At that time the situation in France was deteriorating for the future of Protestantism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Raja Antoine dari Navarre, mengalah kepada desakan kuat para bangsawan Evangelikal, menyatakan kesediaannya untuk mendengarkan penjelasan seorang guru terkemuka dari Gereja.","translated_text":"King Antoine of Navarre, resisting the strong urge of the evangelical nobles, expressed his willingness to listen to the explanations of a prominent teacher of the Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beza, yang termasuk bangsawan Prancis dan kepala akademi di ibu kota Protestantisme Prancis, diundang ke Castle Nerac, tetapi ia tidak dapat menanamkan benih iman Evangelikal ke dalam hati raja.","translated_text":"Beza, who was among the French nobles and head of the academy in the capital of French Protestantism, was invited to Castle Nerac, but he was unable to sow the seeds of the Evangelical faith in the king's heart.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun berikutnya, 1561, Beza mewakili kaum Evangelikal pada Colloquy di Poissy, dan dengan fasih membela prinsip-prinsip iman Evangelikal.","translated_text":"In the following year, 1561, Beza represented the Evangelicals at the Colloquy in Poissy, and eloquently defended the principles of the Evangelical faith.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Colloquy itu tidak menghasilkan apa-apa, tetapi Beza sebagai kepala dan advokat seluruh jemaat Reformasi di Prancis menjadi dihormati dan sekaligus dibenci.","translated_text":"The colloquium produced nothing, but Beza as head and advocate of the whole Reformed congregation in France became respected and hated at the same time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ratu memaksa mengadakan colloquy lain, yang dibuka di St. Germain pada tanggal 28 Januari 1562, sebelas hari setelah proklamasi dekrit Januari yang terkenal, yang memberikan hak kebebasan penting bagi para penganut iman Reformasi.","translated_text":"The Queen forced another colloquium, which opened at St. Germain on 28 January 1562, eleven days after the proclamation of the famous January decree, which granted important rights of freedom to Reformed believers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun,colloquy itu terpecah setelah terbukti bahwa pihak Katolik telah mempersiapkan (setelah Pembantaian Vassy, pada tanggal 1 Maret 1562) untuk menggulingkan Protestantisme.","translated_text":"However, the colloquium was dissolved after it was proved that the Catholic party had prepared (after the Massacre of Vassy, on 1 March 1562) to overthrow Protestantism.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza dengan buru-buru menerbitkan suatu surat untuk dibaca berkeliling (25 Maret 1562) kepada seluruh jemaat Reformasi di kekaisaran, dan pergi ke Orléans bersama pemimpin Huguenot Conde dan tentaranya.","translated_text":"Beza hastily published a letter to be read round (25 March 1562) to all Reformed congregations in the empire, and went to Orléans with the leader Huguenot Conde and his troops.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penting untuk maju secepatnya dan dengan bersemangat, tetapi tidak ada tentara maupun uang.","translated_text":"It is important to move forward quickly and with enthusiasm, but there is no army or money.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Atas permintaan Conde, Beza mengunjungi semua kota kaum Huguenot untuk memperoleh tentara dan uang.","translated_text":"At the request of the Count, Beza visited all Huguenot towns to obtain soldiers and money.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga menulis suatu manifesto di mana ia berargumen bagi keadilan untuk kepentingan Reformasi.","translated_text":"He also wrote a manifesto in which he argued for justice in the interests of the Reformation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai salah seorang utusan untuk mengumpulkan tentara dan uang di antara kaum coreligionists, Beza ditunjuk untuk mengunjungi Inggris, Jerman, dan Swiss.","translated_text":"As one of the envoys to raise army and money among the coreligionists, Beza was appointed to visit England, Germany, and Switzerland.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia pergi ke Strasburg dan Basel, tetapi mengalami kegagalan.","translated_text":"He went to Strasburg and Basel, but failed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia lalu pulang ke Jenewa, tiba tanggal 4 September.","translated_text":"He then returned to Geneva, arriving on September 4.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Belum sampai 14 hari di sana, ia sekali lagi dipanggil ke Orléans oleh D'Andelot.","translated_text":"Less than 14 days there, he was again summoned to Orléans by D'Andelot.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kampanyenya lama lain lebih sukses; tetapi publikasi dekrit perdamaian yang kurang menguntungkan yang diterima oleh Conde (12 Maret 1563) menyebabkan Beza dan semua orang Protestan Prancis dipenuhi rasa kaget yang negatif.","translated_text":"His campaign was far more successful; but the publication of the less favourable peace decree received by the Conde (12 March 1563) caused Beza and all French Protestants to be filled with negative shock.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penerus Calvin","translated_text":"The Successor of Calvin","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selama 22 bulan Beza telah pergi dari Jenewa, dan urusan sekolah maupun Gereja di sana, terutama kondisi kesehatan Calvin membuatnya harus kembali karena tidak ada orang lain yang bisa menggantikan Calvin, yang sakit-sakitan dan tidak bisa bekerja penuh.","translated_text":"For 22 months Beza had been away from Geneva, and the school and church affairs there, especially Calvin's health condition forced him to return because no one else could replace Calvin, who was ill and unable to work full-time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Calvin dan Beza mengatur melaksanakan tugas bersama pada minggu-minggu berselingan.","translated_text":"Calvin and Beza arranged to perform duties together for weeks at a time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah kematian Calvin pada tanggal 27 Mei 1564, Beza menjadi penerusnya.","translated_text":"After Calvin's death on May 27, 1564, Beza succeeded him.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Farthing|first=John L.|title=Dictionary of major biblical interpreters|year=2007|publisher=IVP Academic|location=Downers Grove, Ill.|isbn=978-0-8308-2927-9|edition=2nd|editor=McKim, Donald K.|page=193|chapter=Beza, Theodore}}]","char_index":74,"name":"Major Bib","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sampai tahun 1580, Beza bukan hanya menjabat moderator Company of Pastors, tetapi juga jiwa sejati bagi institusi agung pembelajaran di Jenewa yang didirikan oleh Calvin pada tahun 1559, yang terdiri dari satu gymnasium dan satu akademi.","translated_text":"Until 1580, Beza not only served as the moderator of the Company of Pastors, but also the true soul of the great institution of learning at Geneva founded by Calvin in 1559, consisting of one gymnasium and one academy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seumur hidupnya, Beza menaruh minat pada pendidikan tinggi.","translated_text":"Throughout his life, Beza was interested in higher education.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama hampir 40 tahun orang-orang muda Protestan memenuhi ruang kuliahnya untuk mendengar kuliah teologinya, yang memaparkan ortodoksi murni Calvinisme.","translated_text":"For nearly 40 years young Protestants filled his lecture halls to hear his theological lectures, which featured the pure orthodoxy of Calvinism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai seorang penasihat, pendapatnya didengarkan oleh para magistrat dan pastor.","translated_text":"As a counselor, his opinions were heard by magistrates and pastors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mendirikan suatu sekolah hukum di Jenewa di mana François Hotman, Jules Pacius, dan Denys Godefroy, para ahli hukum terkemuka abad itu, memberikan kuliah secara bergantian (cf.","translated_text":"He founded a law school in Geneva where François Hotman, Jules Pacius, and Denys Godefroy, the leading jurists of the century, lectured alternately (cf.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Charles Borgeaud, L'Academie de Calvin, Geneva, 1900).","translated_text":"Charles Borgeaud, L'Académie de Calvin, Geneva, 1900).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Setelah tahun 1564","translated_text":"After 1564","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza berhasil menjadi pengganti Calvin, bukan hanya meneruskan pekerjaannya tetapi juga memberikan damai pada Gereja di Jenewa.","translated_text":"Beza succeeded as Calvin's successor, not only continuing his work but also bringing peace to the Church in Geneva.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para magistrat sepenuhnya menerima ide-ide Calvin, dan pengarahan urusan rohani, badan yang terdiri dari \"ministers of the word\" (=pelayan Firman) dan \"consistory\", ditetapkan dengan dasar kuat.","translated_text":"The magistrates fully accepted Calvin's ideas, and the direction of spiritual affairs, the body consisting of \"ministers of the word\" and \"consistories\", was established on a strong foundation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak ada kontroversi doktrin yang muncul setelah tahun 1564.","translated_text":"No doctrinal controversy arose after 1564.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diskusi berkisar pertanyaan terkait hal-hal praktis, sosial atau gerejawi, seperti kepangkatan magistrat di atas para pastor, kebebasan berkotbah, dan kewajiban para pastor untuk tunduk pada mayoritas Company of Pastors.","translated_text":"Discussions revolved around practical, social, or ecclesiastical questions, such as the appointment of magistrates over pastors, the freedom to preach, and the obligation of pastors to submit to the majority of the Company of Pastors.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza tidak memaksakan kehendaknya pada para sejawatnya, dan tidak mengambil tindakan keras terhadap rekan-rekan yang tidak adil atau pemarah, meskipun kadang kala ia mengambil alih kasus mereka dan bertindak sebagai mediator/penengah; tetapi ia sering mengalami perlawanan yang sangat ekstrim sehingga mengancam untuk mengundurkan diri.","translated_text":"Beza did not impose his will on his peers, and did not take harsh action against unjust or angry peers, although he sometimes took over their cases and acted as mediator/intermediary; but he often faced such extreme resistance that he threatened to resign.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun ia cenderung berpihak kepada para magistrat, ia tahu bagaimana membela hak dan kebebasan kuasa rohani jika diperlukan, tanpa mengurangi kewibawaan sebagaimana halnya Calvin.","translated_text":"Although he tended to take sides with magistrates, he knew how to defend the rights and freedoms of spiritual power if necessary, without diminishing his authority as did Calvin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Beza tidaklah bijaksana Company of Pastors mempunyai ketua tetap.","translated_text":"According to Beza, it is unwise for the Company of Pastors to have a permanent chairman.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia meyakinkan Company untuk menyampaikan petisi kepada Small Council agar masa jabatan moderator dibatasi waktunya.","translated_text":"He convinced the Company to submit a petition to the Small Council to limit the moderator's term.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1580 Council menyetujui perputaran jabatan kepresidenan mingguan.","translated_text":"In 1580 the Council approved the rotation of the weekly presidency.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book |first=Scott M. |last=Manetsch |title=Calvin's Company of Pastors |page=65}}]","char_index":76,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aktivitasnya semakin meningkat, terutama menjadi penengah antara compagnie dan magistrasi, di mana magistrasi terus-menerus meminta nasihatnya bahkan untuk urusan politik.","translated_text":"His activity increased, especially as an intermediary between compagnie and magistrate, where the magistrate constantly asked for his advice even for political affairs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia berkomunikasi dengan seluruh pemimpin kelompok-kelompok Reformasi di Eropa.","translated_text":"He communicated with all the leaders of the Reformed groups in Europe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah Pembantaian Hari Santo Bartolomeus (1572), ia menggunakan pengaruhnya agar para pengungsi diterima dengan baik di Jenewa.","translated_text":"After the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572), he used his influence to get refugees well received in Geneva.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1574, ia menulis De jure magistratuum (Hak Magistrat) di mana ia secara tegas memprotes tirani dalam hal-hal agamawi, dan menegaskan bahwa sah bagi umat untuk menentang magistrasi yang tidak berharga dalam urusan praktis dan jika perlu menggunakan senjata dalam menggulingkannya.","translated_text":"In 1574, he wrote De jure magistratuum (Right Magistratum) in which he strongly protested tyranny in religious matters, and asserted that it was lawful for the people to oppose useless magistracy in practical affairs and if necessary to use arms in overthrowing it.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tanpa menjadi dogmatis besar seperti Calvin, juga bukan jenius kreatif dalam dunia keagamaan, Beza memiliki kualitas-kualitas yang membuatnya terkenal sebagai humanis, penafsir Alkitab, orator, dan pemimpin dalam urusan agama dan politik, serta berkompeten menjadi pemandu kaum Calvinis di seluruh Eropa.","translated_text":"Without being a great dogmatist like Calvin, nor a creative genius in the religious world, Beza possessed qualities that made him famous as a humanist, Bible commentator, orator, and leader in religious and political affairs, as well as being a competent guide to Calvinists throughout Europe.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Beza terus membina hubungan erat dengan kaum Reformasi Prancis.","translated_text":"Beza continued to cultivate close ties with the French Reformers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjadi moderator sinode am yang bertemu pada bulan April 1571 di La Rochelle.","translated_text":"He became moderator of the general synod which met in April 1571 at La Rochelle.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sidang itu memutuskan tidak menghapuskan disiplin gereja atau mengakui pemerintah sipil sebagai kepala Gereja, seperti yang dituntut oleh pendeta Paris, Jean Morel, dan filsuf Pierre Ramus; sementara memutuskan menegaskan kembali doktrin Calvinistik mengenai Perjamuan Kudus (dengan pernyataan: \"substansi tubuh Kristus\"/\"substance of the body of Christ\") bertentangan dengan Zwinglianisme, yang menyebabkan pertikaian antara Beza dan Ramus dan Heinrich Bullinger.","translated_text":"The council decided not to abolish church discipline or recognize civil government as the head of the Church, as demanded by the Parisian priest, Jean Morel, and philosopher Pierre Ramus; while deciding to reaffirm Calvinistic doctrine concerning the Holy Communion (with the statement: \"substance of the body of Christ\"/\"substance of the body of Christ\") as opposed to Zwinglianism, which led to a dispute between Beza and Ramus and Heinrich Bullinger.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun berikutnya (Mei 1572)","translated_text":"The following year (May 1572)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beza berperan penting dalam sinode nasional di Nîmes.","translated_text":"Beza played an important role in the national synod in Nîmes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga tertarik pada kontroversi yang terkait Pengakuan Iman Augsburg di Jerman, khususnya setelah tahun 1564, mengenai doktrin Pribadi Kristus dan sakramen, serta menerbitkan beberapa karya menentang Westphal, Hesshusen, Selnecker, Johannes Brenz, dan Jakob Andrea.","translated_text":"He was also interested in the controversies surrounding the Augsburg Confession of Faith in Germany, particularly after 1564, regarding the personal doctrine of Christ and the sacraments, and published several works against Westphal, Hesshusen, Selnecker, Johannes Brenz, and Jakob Andrea.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini menyebabkan dia dibenci oleh semua orang yang melekat pada Lutheranisme yang berlawanan dengan Melanchthon, terutama setelah tahun 1571.","translated_text":"This caused him to be hated by all Lutherans opposed to Melanchthon, especially after 1571.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Colloquy di Montbéliard","translated_text":"The Colloquy at Montbéliard","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konflik polemik terakhir penting yang dijumpai oleh Beza dari kaum Lutheran adalah pada Colloquy Montbéliard, 14-27 Maret 1586, di mana ia diundang oleh Lutheran Count, Frederick dari Württemberg, atas permintaan penduduk berbahasa Prancis dan kaum Reformasi saerta para bangsawan Prancis yang telah melarikan diri ke Montbéliard.","translated_text":"The last important polemical conflict Beza encountered from the Lutherans was at the Colloquy of Montbéliard, 14-27 March 1586, where he was invited by the Lutheran Count, Frederick of Württemberg, at the request of the French-speaking population and the Reformers and the French nobles who had fled to Montbéliard.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tujuan pertemuan colloquy itu sendiri tidak diajukan, namun mengakibatkan perkembangan serius dalam Gereja Reformasi.","translated_text":"The purpose of the colloquium itself was not proposed, but resulted in serious developments in the Reformed Church.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketika edisi tindakan-tindakan colloquy, yang disiapkan oleh Jakob Andrea, diterbitkan, Samuel Huber, dari Burg dekat Bern, yang merupakan anggota faksi Lutheranizing dalam Swiss clergy, merasa sangat terluka terhadap doktrin supralapsarian mengenai predestinasi yang diajukan di Montbéliard oleh Beza dan Musculus sehingga ia merasa sebagai kewajibannya untuk menolak Musculus sebagai magistrat Bern karena merupakan seorang inovator doktrin tersebut.","translated_text":"When the edition of the colloquial acts, prepared by Jakob Andrea, was published, Samuel Huber, of Burg near Bern, who was a member of the Lutheranizing faction in the Swiss clergy, felt so wounded by the supralapsarian doctrine of predestination put forward at Montbéliard by Beza and Musculus that he felt it his duty to reject Musculus as Magistrate of Bern for being an innovator of the doctrine.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk menyesuaikan hal itu, para magistrat mengatur suatu colloquy antara Huber dan Musculus (2 September 1587), di mana Huber menyampaikan universalisme, sedangkan Musculus partikularisme, dari anugerah.","translated_text":"To accommodate this, the magistrates arranged a colloquium between Huber and Musculus (2 September 1587), in which Huber conveyed universalism, while Musculus particularism, of grace.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena colloquy itu tidak membuahkan hasil, suatu debat diselenggarakan di Bern, 15-18 April 1588, di mana pembelaan sistem doktrin yang diterima pada awalnya diletakkan di tangan Beza.","translated_text":"Since the colloquium was not fruitful, a debate was held in Bern, April 15-18, 1588, in which the defence of the system of doctrine originally accepted was placed in the hands of Beza.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tiga delegasi kanton Helvetika yang memimpin debat itu akhirnya menyatakan bahwa Beza telah mensubstantiasi ajaran yang diajukan di Montbéliard sebagai ajaran ortodoks, dan Huber was diberhentikan dari jabatannya.","translated_text":"The three delegates of the canton of Helvetia who led the debate finally stated that Beza had substantiated the teaching put forward at Montbéliard as orthodox, and Huber was dismissed from his post.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Masa tua","translated_text":"Old age","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah waktu itu aktivitas Beza lebih terbatas pada urusan di rumah tangganya.","translated_text":"After that time Beza's activities were more limited to his household affairs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istrinya, Claudine, meninggal tanpa anak pada tahun 1588 setelah menikah 40 tahun, beberapa hari sebelum ia berangkat ke Bern Disputation.","translated_text":"His wife, Claudine, died childless in 1588 after 40 years of marriage, a few days before he left for the Bern Disputation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Atas nasihat sahabat-sahabatnya, ia menikah lagi dengan Catharina del Piano, seorang janda asal Jenewa, supaya mempunyai rekan pembantu dalam tahun-tahun terakhirnya.","translated_text":"On the advice of his friends, he remarried to Catharina del Piano, a widow from Geneva, in order to have a companion in his later years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sampai usia 65 tahun ia sangat sehat, tetapi setelahnya vitalitasnya perlahan menurun.","translated_text":"Until the age of 65 he was in good health, but afterward his vitality slowly declined.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia aktif mengajar sampai Januari 1597.","translated_text":"He was active in teaching until January 1597.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengalaman paling sedih pada usia tuanya adalah kembalinya Raja Henry IV menganut Katolikisme, meskipun Beza telah berusaha menasihatinya dengan serius (1593).","translated_text":"The saddest experience of his old age was the return of King Henry IV to Catholicism, although Beza had tried to advise him seriously (1593).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1596 suatu laporan palsu diedarkan oleh kaum Yesuit di Jerman, Prancis, Inggris, dan Italia bahwa Beza dan Gereja Jenewa telah kembali ke lingkungan Gereja Roma, dan Beza menanggapi dengan suatu satire yang menunjukkan bahwa ia masih memiliki api kehidupan dalam pikiran dan ekspresi sastranya.","translated_text":"In 1596 a false report was circulated by the Jesuits in Germany, France, England, and Italy that Beza and the Geneva Church had returned to the Roman Church environment, and Beza responded with a satire indicating that he still had a fire of life in his mind and literary expression.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beza meninggal di Jenewa pada tahun 1605.","translated_text":"Beza died in Geneva in 1605.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tidak dimakamkan seperti Calvin di makam umum Plain-Palais (karena kaum Savoyards pernah mengancam akan menculik mayatnya dan membawanya ke Roma), tetapi atas arahan para magistrat, dalam biara St. Pierre.","translated_text":"He was not buried as Calvin in the public tomb of Plain-Palais (because the Savoyards had threatened to kidnap his body and take it to Rome), but at the direction of the magistrates, in the monastery of St. Pierre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karya tulis","translated_text":"Written work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tulisan humanistik dan sejarah","translated_text":"Humanistic writings and history","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aktivitas sastar Beza sebagaimana hidupnya, harus dibedakan antara periode humanis (yang berakhir dengan publikasi Juvenilia) dan periode gerejawi.","translated_text":"The activities of the Sassar Beza as his life, should be distinguished between the humanist period (which ended with the publication of the Juvenilia) and the ecclesiastical period.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan gabungan bakat pastoral dan sastra, Beza menulis drama pertama dalam bahasa Prancis, Abrahm Sacrifiant; suatu drama yang merupakan antecedent karya Racine dan kadang kala masih diproduksi saat ini.","translated_text":"With a combination of pastoral and literary talent, Beza wrote the first play in French, Abrahm Sacrifiant; a play that was an antecedent of Racine's work and is sometimes still produced today.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Produksi berikutnya yang humanistik, menggigit dan satiris seperti Passavantius dan Complainte de Messire Pierre Lizet... membuktikan bahwa kelak ia masih kembali pada minat semula.","translated_text":"Subsequent humanistic, biting and satirical productions such as Passavantius and Complainte de Messire Pierre Lizet proved that he would return to his original interests.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada usia tua, ia mempublikasikan Cato censorius (1591), dan merevisi Poemata, dari mana ia membuang keeksentrikan masa mudanya.","translated_text":"In his old age, he published Cato censorius (1591), and revised the Poemata, from which he discarded the concentration of his youth.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di antara karya sejarahnya, selain Icones (1580), yang hanya bernilai dari sisi ikonografi, dapat disebutkan yang terkemuka antara lain: Histoire ecclesiastique des Eglises reformes au Royaume de France (1580), dan biografinya mengenai Calvin, yaitu Epistolae et responsa (1575).","translated_text":"Among his historical works, apart from the Icones (1580), which are only valuable from an iconographic point of view, notable ones can be mentioned: Histoire ecclesiastique des Eglises reformes au Royaume de France (1580), and his biography on Calvin, the Epistolae et responsa (1575).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karya teologi","translated_text":"Theological work","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Semua studi humanistik dan sejarah ini jauh dilampaui oleh produksi teologinya (di dalam Tractationes theologicae).","translated_text":"All these humanistic and historical studies were far surpassed by his theological production (in Tractationes theologicae).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sini Beza tampak sebagai seorang murid yang sempurna atau alter ego (=duplikat pribadi) Calvin.","translated_text":"Here Beza appears as a perfect disciple or alter ego of Calvin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pandangannya mengenai hidup adalah deterministik dan dasar pemikiran agamawinya adalah pengenalan predestinasi akan kebutuhan semua keberadaan sementara sebagai dampak kehendak Allah yang mutlak, kekal, dan tidak berubah, sehingga kejatuhan manusia baginya merupakan suatu hal esensiel bagi rencana ilahi untuk dunia ini.","translated_text":"His view of life is deterministic and the basis of religious thought is the identification of the predestination of the necessity of all temporal existence as an effect of God's absolute, eternal, and unchanging will, so that the fall of man to it is essential to the divine plan for this world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beza, dalam bentuk tabel, dengan cermat menguraikan pandangan-pandangan agamawi yang keluar dari gaya pemikiran fundamental supralapsarian.","translated_text":"Beza, in the form of a table, carefully outlines religious views that emerge from the superlapsarian fundamentalist thinking style.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini ditambahkannya dalam makalah yang sangat berguna, Summa totius Christianismi.","translated_text":"This he added in a very useful paper, Summa totius Christianismi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karya Beza, De vera excommunicatione et Christiano presbyterio (1590), ditulis sebagai respons terhadap karya Thomas Erastus, Explicatio gravissimae quaestionis utrum excommunicatio (1589), berkontribusi sebagai pembelaan penting bagi hak otoritas gerejawi (bukan otoritas sipil) untuk ekskomunikasi.","translated_text":"Beza's work, De vera excommunicatione et Christiano presbyterio (1590), written in response to the work of Thomas Erastus, Explicatio gravissimae quaestionis utrum excommunicatio (1589), contributed as an important defense of the right of ecclesiastical authority (not civil authority) to excommunication.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Yunani karya Beza","translated_text":"The Greek New Testament by Beza","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Salah satu nilai pentingnya adalah kontribusi terhadap kesarjanaan Alkitab.","translated_text":"One important value is its contribution to Bible literacy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1565 ia menerbitkan suatu edisi Perjanjian Baru, dilampiri dengan suatu kolom paralel teks Vulgata dan suatu terjemahannya sendiri (yang sudah dipublikasikan sedini tahun 1556).","translated_text":"In 1565 he published an edition of the New Testament, accompanied by a parallel column of the Vulgate text and a translation of his own (published as early as 1556).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anotasi atau catatan ditambahkan, juga telah dipublikasikan sebelumnya, tetapi lebih diperkaya dan diperluas.","translated_text":"Annotations or notes were added, also previously published, but more enriched and expanded.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam persiapan edisi bahasa Yunani ini, dan lebih lagi untuk edisi kedua yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1582, Beza menggunakan bantuan dua naskah sangat berharga, yaitu yang pertama: Codex Bezae atau Cantabrigensis, yang kemudian dihadiahkan oleh Beza kepada Universitas Cambridge, dan tetap disimpan di Cambridge University Library; yang kedua: Codex Claromontanus, yang ditemukan oleh Beza di Clermont (sekarang disimpan di Bibliothèque Nationale de France di Paris).","translated_text":"In preparing this Greek edition, and further for the second edition published in 1582, Beza used the help of two very valuable manuscripts, namely the first: the Codex Bezae or Cantabrigensis, which Beza later donated to the University of Cambridge, and remains in the Cambridge University Library; the second: the Codex Claromontanus, discovered by Beza at Clermont (now in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Namun, sumber-sumber ini bukanlah yang utama bagi Beza, melainkan ia mendasarinya pada karya Robert Estienne (1550), yang berdasarkan pada edisi-edisi terakhir Erasmus.","translated_text":"These sources, however, were not the main source for Beza, but instead he based them on the work of Robert Estienne (1550), which was based on the last editions of Erasmus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pekerjaan Beza dalam bidang ini sangat membantu para peneliti selanjutnya.","translated_text":"Beza's work in this area has greatly helped subsequent researchers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Demikian pula karyanya dalam versi bahasa Latin dan catatan-catatan yang menyertainya, di mana akhirnya semua karya ini dicetak ulang beratus-ratus kali.","translated_text":"Similarly, his work in the Latin version and accompanying notes was reprinted hundreds of times.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meskipun ada yang melihat pandangan Beza mengenai doktrin predestinasi terlalu berpengaruh dominan dalam penafsiran alkitabiahnya, tidak ada keraguan bahwa Beza telah memberikan tambahan pemahaman jelas mengenai Perjanjian Baru.","translated_text":"Although some see Beza's view of the doctrine of predestination as too dominant in his biblical interpretation, there is no doubt that Beza has provided an additional clear understanding of the New Testament.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Franciscus Junius Immanuel Tremellius Supralapsarianisme","translated_text":"Franciscus the Younger Immanuel Tremellius Supralapsarianism","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pustaka","translated_text":"The library","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Publikasi karya dan mengenai Theodore Beza dalam katalog Helveticat di Perpustakaan Nasional Swiss","translated_text":"Publication of the work and on Theodore Beza in the catalogue Helveticat at the Swiss National Library","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701190450/http://libraries.admin.ch/cgi-bin/gw/chameleon?skin=helveticat&inst=consortium&submittheform=Search&usersrch=1&beginsrch=1&elementcount=3&function=INITREQ&search=KEYWORD&rootsearch=KEYWORD&lng=en&pos=1&conf=.%2Fchameleon.conf&t1=Theodore*%20Beze*&u1=1003&op1=OR&t2=Theodore*%20Beze*&u2=21&op2=AND&t3=&u3=1035&host=biblio.admin.ch%2B3601%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=biblio.admin.ch%203601%20DEFAULT |date=2016-07-01 }}","char_index":43,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160701190450/http://libraries.admin.ch/cgi-bin/gw/chameleon?skin=helveticat&inst=consortium&submittheform=Search&usersrch=1&beginsrch=1&elementcount=3&function=INITREQ&search=KEYWORD&rootsearch=KEYWORD&lng=en&pos=1&conf=.%2Fchameleon.conf&t1=Theodore*%20Beze*&u1=1003&op1=OR&t2=Theodore*%20Beze*&u2=21&op2=AND&t3=&u3=1035&host=biblio.admin.ch%2B3601%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=biblio.admin.ch%203601%20DEFAULT","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:10.089718-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"The Two Parts of the Word of God: Law & Gospel\" dari The Christian Faith oleh Beza \"Faith and Justification\" dari The Christian Faith oleh Beza \"Jesus Christ the Son of God\" dari The Christian Faith oleh Beza Concerning the Rights of Rulers Over Their Subjects and the Duty Of Subjects Towards Their Rulers, suatu makalah oleh Beza Faith & Justification by Beza The Life of John Calvin oleh Beza \"Theodori Bezae Vezelii Volumen ...","translated_text":"\"The Two Parts of the Word of God: Law & Gospel\" of The Christian Faith by Beza \"Faith and Justification\" of The Christian Faith by Beza \"Jesus Christ the Son of God\" of The Christian Faith by Beza Concerning the Rights of Rulers Over Their Subjects and the Duty of Subjects Toward Their Rulers, a paper by Beza Faith & Justification by Beza The Life of John Calvin by Beza \"Theodori Bezae Vezelii Vol. ...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tractationum Theologicarum\" one of the Beza's theological works in the Olomouc Research Library public catalogue Beza's work entitled The Treasure of Gospel Truth, printed in 1576.","translated_text":"Tractationum Theologicarum\" one of the Beza's theological works in the Olomouc Research Library public catalogue of Beza's work entitled The Treasure of Gospel Truth, printed in 1576.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tokoh reformasi Protestan Kategori:Penerjemah Alkitab","translated_text":"Categories: Bible translators and translators","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1548 Beza menerbitkan sebuah koleksi puisi bahasa Latin, Juvenilia, yang membuatnya terkenal, dan ia dikenal luas sebagai salah seorang penulis puisi Latin terbaik pada zamannya. Para sarjana berhati-hati untuk tidak mencari-cari detail biografi dalam tulisan-tulisannya. Philip Schaff berargumen bahwa merupakan kesalahan untuk \"membaca di antara baris-baris apa yang tidak pernah dimaksudkan untuk ditaruhnya di sana\" atau untuk membayangkan \"pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang tidak dilakukannya sekalipun dalam pikiran.\"","translated_text":"In 1548 Beza published a collection of Latin poetry, Juvenilia, which made him famous, and he was widely recognized as one of the finest Latin poets of his time. Scholars are careful not to look for biographical details in their writings. Philip Schaff argues that it is a mistake to \"read between the lines what he was never meant to say there\" or to imagine \"offenses he did not even in his mind\".","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc8.iv.xix.i.html ''History of the Christian Church'' vol. viii, sec. 167]]","char_index":529,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc8.iv.xix.i.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":36670,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:00.856666-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7685546875}]},{"text":"Beza mendapat waktu menulis suatu drama alkitabiah, Abraham Sacrifiant , di mana ia membandingkan Katolikisme dengan Protestantisme, dan karya ini diterima baik.","translated_text":"Beza found time to write a biblical play, Abraham Sacrifiant, in which he compared Catholicism to Protestantism, and the work was well received.","citations":[{"content":"[published at Geneva, 1550; Eng. transl. by Arthur Golding, London, 1577, ed., with introduction, notes, and the French text of the original, M. W. Wallace, Toronto, 1906]","char_index":72,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beza mendapat waktu menulis suatu drama alkitabiah, Abraham Sacrifiant , di mana ia membandingkan Katolikisme dengan Protestantisme, dan karya ini diterima baik. Teks sejumlah ayat memuat petunjuk penampilan musik, tetapi musiknya tidak terlestarikan.","translated_text":"Beza found time to write a biblical play, Abraham Sacrifiant, in which he compared Catholicism to Protestantism, and the work was well received. The text of a number of verses contains clues to the musical performance, but the music has not been preserved.","citations":[{"content":"[{{GroveOnline|title=Bèze, Théodore de|author=Paul-André Gaillard|author2=Richard Freedman|last-author-amp=yes|access-date=January 5, 2016}}]","char_index":251,"name":"Grove","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah kematian Clément Marot pada tahun 1544, John Calvin meminta Beza melengkapi terjemahan metrik bahasa Prancisnya untuk Kitab Mazmur. Tiga puluh empat terjemahannya diterbitkan dalam edisi tahun 1551 \"Mamur Jenewa (Genevan Psalter)\", dan enam lagi ditambahkan pada edisi-edisi berikutnya.","translated_text":"After the death of Clément Marot in 1544, John Calvin asked Beza to complete his French metric translation of the Book of Psalms. Thirty-four of his translations were published in the 1551 edition of the \"Genevan Psalter\", and six more were added to subsequent editions.","citations":[{"content":"[{{GroveOnline|title=Bèze, Théodore de|author=Paul-André Gaillard|author2=Richard Freedman|last-author-amp=yes|access-date=January 5, 2016}}]","char_index":294,"name":"Grove","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada saat yang bersamaan ia menerbitkan Passavantius, suatu satire yang ditujukan melawan Pierre Lizet, mantan presiden Parliament of Paris, dan penyulut utama \"kamar berapi\" (\"fiery chamber\";chambre ardente), yang waktu itu (1551) menjabat sebagai abbot di St. Victor dekat Paris dan menerbitkan sejumlah tulisan polemik.","translated_text":"At the same time he published Passavantius, a satire directed against Pierre Lizet, former president of the Parliament of Paris, and the chief instigator of the \"fiery chamber\" (\"chambre ardente\"), who was then (1551) abbot of St. Victor near Paris and published a number of polemical writings.","citations":[{"content":"[https://archive.org/details/lepassavantdeth00bzuoft.]","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/lepassavantdeth00bzuoft","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":254109,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:01.239984-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1446533203125}]},{"text":"Selama 22 bulan Beza telah pergi dari Jenewa, dan urusan sekolah maupun Gereja di sana, terutama kondisi kesehatan Calvin membuatnya harus kembali karena tidak ada orang lain yang bisa menggantikan Calvin, yang sakit-sakitan dan tidak bisa bekerja penuh. Calvin dan Beza mengatur melaksanakan tugas bersama pada minggu-minggu berselingan. Setelah kematian Calvin pada tanggal 27 Mei 1564, Beza menjadi penerusnya.","translated_text":"For 22 months Beza had been away from Geneva, and the school and church affairs there, especially Calvin's health condition forced him to return because no one else could replace Calvin, who was ill and unable to work full-time. Calvin and Beza arranged to perform duties together for weeks at a time. After Calvin's death on May 27, 1564, Beza succeeded him.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|last=Farthing|first=John L.|title=Dictionary of major biblical interpreters|year=2007|publisher=IVP Academic|location=Downers Grove, Ill.|isbn=978-0-8308-2927-9|edition=2nd|editor=McKim, Donald K.|page=193|chapter=Beza, Theodore}}]","char_index":413,"name":"Major Bib","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut Beza tidaklah bijaksana Company of Pastors mempunyai ketua tetap. Ia meyakinkan Company untuk menyampaikan petisi kepada Small Council agar masa jabatan moderator dibatasi waktunya. Pada tahun 1580 Council menyetujui perputaran jabatan kepresidenan mingguan.","translated_text":"According to Beza, it is unwise for the Company of Pastors to have a permanent chairman. He convinced the Company to submit a petition to the Small Council to limit the moderator's term. In 1580 the Council approved the rotation of the weekly presidency.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book |first=Scott M. |last=Manetsch |title=Calvin's Company of Pastors |page=65}}]","char_index":266,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Publikasi karya dan mengenai Theodore Beza dalam katalog Helveticat di Perpustakaan Nasional Swiss","translated_text":"Publication of the work and on Theodore Beza in the catalogue Helveticat at the Swiss National Library","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701190450/http://libraries.admin.ch/cgi-bin/gw/chameleon?skin=helveticat&inst=consortium&submittheform=Search&usersrch=1&beginsrch=1&elementcount=3&function=INITREQ&search=KEYWORD&rootsearch=KEYWORD&lng=en&pos=1&conf=.%2Fchameleon.conf&t1=Theodore*%20Beze*&u1=1003&op1=OR&t2=Theodore*%20Beze*&u2=21&op2=AND&t3=&u3=1035&host=biblio.admin.ch%2B3601%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=biblio.admin.ch%203601%20DEFAULT |date=2016-07-01 }}","char_index":43,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160701190450/http://libraries.admin.ch/cgi-bin/gw/chameleon?skin=helveticat&inst=consortium&submittheform=Search&usersrch=1&beginsrch=1&elementcount=3&function=INITREQ&search=KEYWORD&rootsearch=KEYWORD&lng=en&pos=1&conf=.%2Fchameleon.conf&t1=Theodore*%20Beze*&u1=1003&op1=OR&t2=Theodore*%20Beze*&u2=21&op2=AND&t3=&u3=1035&host=biblio.admin.ch%2B3601%2BDEFAULT&patronhost=biblio.admin.ch%203601%20DEFAULT","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:10.089718-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Suleiman (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"{{penghubung}}\n\n* [[Suleiman I]]\n* [[Suleiman II]]\n* [[Michel Suleiman]]\n\n{{lihat pula disambig|Suleiman|\n* [[Salomo (disambiguasi)]]\n* [[Sulaiman (disambiguasi)]]\n* [[Solomon]]}}\n\n{{disambig nama}}","hash":"d211eb9198c0907888962dd1ebc581741a38a899f5b770a7278833b5879ab7b9","last_revision":"2022-09-05T08:59:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:06:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:47.812932","cross_lingual_links":{"ary":"سليمان","ca":"Suleiman","en":"Suleiman (disambiguation)","hu":"Szulejmán (egyértelműsítő lap)","it":"Suleiman (disambigua)","tt":"Сөләйман"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.916725","text":"Suleiman I Suleiman II Michel Suleiman\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Suleiman I Suleiman II Michel Suleiman","translated_text":"Suleiman I Suleiman II Michel Suleiman","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Paul Eber","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Paul Eber.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Paul Eber dilukis oleh [[Lucas Cranach (1515-1586)|Lucas Cranach Muda]].]]\n[[Berkas:Paul Eber2.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Paul Eber.]]\n:''Jangan dikelirukan dengan '''[[Paul Ebert]]'''''\n'''Paul Eber''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kitzingen]]|8|11|1511|[[Lutherstadt Wittenberg|Wittenberg]]|10|12|1569}}) adalah seorang [[teolog]] [[Lutheran]] [[Jerman]]. Ia dididik di [[Nürnberg]] dan Wittenberg, di mana ia menjadi teman dekat dari [[Philipp Melanchthon]].\n\nPada tahun [[1541]] ia diangkat sebagai profesor [[tata bahasa Latin]] di Wittenberg, dan pada [[1557]] profesor dari [[Perjanjian Lama]]. Bidang yang ia pelajari begitu luas, dan ia menerbitkan buku [[sejarah Yahudi]], sebuah kalender sejarah yang dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan [[Kalender Suci Romawi]], dan sebuah revisi dari [[Vulgata|Perjanjian Lama Latin]].\n\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n* {{1911}}\n\n{{lifetime|1511|1569|Eber, Paul}}\n\n== Bibliografi ==\n\n* (jerman) Werner Raupp: Art. Eber, Paul, in: Lexikon der Reformationszeit. Ed.: Klaus Ganzer / Bruno Steimer, Freiburg/Basel/Wien: Herder 2002 (ISBN 3-451-22019-9) (inggris: Dictionary of reformation. Transl. by Brian McNeil, New York: Crossroad Publ. Co. 2004; ISBN 0-8245-2119-6), kol. 205-206. \n* (jerman) Daniel Gehrt / Volker Leppin (Ed.): Paul Eber (1511–1569). Humanist und Theologe der zweiten Generation der Wittenberger Reformation, Leipzig: Evang. 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Bidang yang ia pelajari begitu luas, dan ia menerbitkan buku sejarah Yahudi, sebuah kalender sejarah yang dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan Kalender Suci Romawi, dan sebuah revisi dari Perjanjian Lama Latin.\n\n(jerman) Werner Raupp: Art. Eber, Paul, in: Lexikon der Reformationszeit. Ed.: Klaus Ganzer / Bruno Steimer, Freiburg/Basel/Wien: Herder 2002 (ISBN 3-451-22019-9) (inggris: Dictionary of reformation. Transl. by Brian McNeil, New York: Crossroad Publ. Co. 2004; ISBN 0-8245-2119-6), kol. 205-206. (jerman) Daniel Gehrt / Volker Leppin (Ed.): Paul Eber (1511–1569). Humanist und Theologe der zweiten Generation der Wittenberger Reformation, Leipzig: Evang. Verlags-Anstalt 2014 (ISBN 978-3-374-03056-9).\n\nKategori:Tokoh reformasi Protestan Kategori:Teolog Jerman\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jangan dikelirukan dengan Paul Ebert Paul Eber () adalah seorang teolog Lutheran Jerman.","translated_text":"Not to be confused with Paul Ebert Paul Eber () was a German Lutheran theologian.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dididik di Nürnberg dan Wittenberg, di mana ia menjadi teman dekat dari Philipp Melanchthon.","translated_text":"He was educated at Nuremberg and Wittenberg, where he became a close friend of Philipp Melanchthon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1541 ia diangkat sebagai profesor tata bahasa Latin di Wittenberg, dan pada 1557 profesor dari Perjanjian Lama.","translated_text":"In 1541 he was appointed professor of Latin grammar at Wittenberg, and in 1557 professor of the Old Testament.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bidang yang ia pelajari begitu luas, dan ia menerbitkan buku sejarah Yahudi, sebuah kalender sejarah yang dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan Kalender Suci Romawi, dan sebuah revisi dari Perjanjian Lama Latin.","translated_text":"His field of study was so extensive that he published a book on Jewish history, a historical calendar intended to replace the Holy Roman Calendar, and a revision of the Latin Old Testament.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bibliografi","translated_text":"The Bibliography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"(jerman) Werner Raupp: Art. 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+{"title":"Abdul Latief (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abdul Latief]]","hash":"d8c07bc038728678fc65b639ddbb3c52b8c7fd2fa85e16972a70f6cd4b0741fb","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:49:01Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:49:01Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.402721","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abdul Latief\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abdul Latief","translated_text":"This is Abdul Latief.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abdul Rahman Saleh (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abdul Rahman Saleh]]","hash":"f8afc431afe6546517770cc7e31e36b5be1dc4fc3f299575fa227af36c66c964","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:49:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:49:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.458058","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abdul Rahman Saleh\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abdul Rahman Saleh","translated_text":"The God of the Righteous","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abdullah I (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abdullah]]","hash":"b46e1f11aa18b972b7e835da2599b87f13b8fc8594cef207c167141252ca25dd","last_revision":"2019-07-05T20:35:48Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:49:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.520002","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abdullah\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abdullah","translated_text":"The God of Abdullah","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abdullah dari Yordania (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abdullah]]","hash":"b46e1f11aa18b972b7e835da2599b87f13b8fc8594cef207c167141252ca25dd","last_revision":"2019-07-05T20:35:37Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:49:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.581448","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abdullah\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abdullah","translated_text":"The God of Abdullah","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abdurrahman (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abdurrahman]]","hash":"6f3b1ea1958d2719e108b571740b8b593151560b9801127e52aff3cf2cb4593f","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.632690","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abdurrahman\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abdurrahman","translated_text":"The Lord Abdurrahman","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"1. FSV Mainz 05","wikicode":"{{Football club infobox\n|clubname = Mainz 05\n|image = [[Berkas:Logo Mainz 05.svg|Center|200px]]\n|fullname = 1. Fußball- und Sportverein
Mainz 05 e.V.\n| nickname = ''Die Nullfünfer'' (si kosong-lima),
''Karnevalsverein'' (klub karnaval)\n| founded = {{start date and age|1905|3|16}}\n| ground = [[Coface Arena|MEWA Arena]]\n| capacity = 34.034 \n| chrtitle = Presiden\n| website = http://www.mainz05.de/\n| chairman = {{flagicon|GER}} Stefan Hofmann\n| manager = {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Bo Svensson]]\n| league = [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]]\n| season = [[Bundesliga 2022–2023|2022–2023]]\n| position = Bundesliga, ke-9 dari 18\n| current = 1. FSV Mainz 05 musim 2023–2024\n| pattern_la1 = _mainz2324h\n| pattern_b1 = _mainz2324h\n| pattern_ra1 = _mainz2324h\n| pattern_sh1 = _mainz2324h\n| pattern_so1 = \n| leftarm1 = FF0000\n| body1 = FF0000\n| rightarm1 = FF0000\n| shorts1 = FFFFFF\n| socks1 = FF0000\n| pattern_la2 = _mainz2324a\n| pattern_b2 = _mainz2324a\n| pattern_ra2 = _mainz2324a\n| pattern_sh2 = _mainz2324a\n| pattern_so2 =\n| leftarm2 = \n| body2 = \n| rightarm2 = \n| shorts2 = \n| socks2 = 282c42\n| pattern_la3 = _mainz2324t\n| pattern_b3 = _mainz2324t\n| pattern_ra3 = _mainz2324t\n| pattern_sh3 = _mainz2324t\n| pattern_so3 = \n| leftarm3 = \n| body3 = \n| rightarm3 = \n| shorts3 = \n| socks3 = FFFFFF\n}}\n'''1. FSV Mainz 05''' adalah klub sepak bola di [[Jerman]] berbasis di kota [[Mainz]]. Selama berkompetisi di liga profesional Jerman belum ada prestasi prestisius yang pernah diraih oleh klub ini.\n\n== Daftar pemain ==\n=== Skuat utama ===\n{{updated|23 Agustus 2023}}[{{cite web|url=https://www.mainz05.de/profis/team/mannschaft/|title=Mannschaft|website=mainz05.de|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915155027/https://www.mainz05.de/profis/team/mannschaft/|url-status=live}}][{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/clubs/1-fsv-mainz-05/squad|title=1. FSV Mainz 05 Squad|website=bundesliga.com|access-date=11 October 2021|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011093127/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/clubs/1-fsv-mainz-05/squad|url-status=live}}]\n{{Fs start|hidenote=yes}}\n{{Fs player|no=1|nat=GER|name=Lasse Rieß|pos=GK}}\n{{Fs player|no=2|nat=AUT|name=[[Phillipp Mwene]]|pos=DF}}\n{{Fs player|no=3|nat=NED|name=[[Sepp van den Berg]]|pos=DF|other=dipinjam dari [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]}}\n{{Fs player|no=4|nat=MAR|name=[[Aymen Barkok]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=5|nat=GER|name=[[Maxim Leitsch]]|pos=DF}}\n{{Fs player|no=6|nat=GER|name=[[Anton Stach]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=7|nat=KOR|name=[[Lee Jae-sung (pemain sepak bola, lahir 1992)|Lee Jae-sung]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=8|nat=LUX|name=[[Leandro Barreiro]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=9|nat=AUT|name=[[Karim Onisiwo]]|pos=FW}}\n{{Fs player|no=10|nat=GER|name=[[Marco Richter]]|pos=FW}}\n{{Fs player|no=14|nat=GER|name=[[Tom Krauß]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=16|nat=GER|name=[[Stefan Bell]]|pos=DF}}\n{{Fs player|no=17|nat=FRA|name=[[Ludovic Ajorque]]|pos=FW}}\n{{Fs mid}}\n{{Fs player|no=19|nat=FRA|name=[[Anthony Caci]]|pos=DF}}\n{{Fs player|no=20|nat=SUI|name=[[Edimilson Fernandes]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=21|nat=GER|name=[[Danny da Costa]]|pos=DF}}\n{{Fs player|no=24|nat=GER|name=[[Merveille Papela]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=25|nat=NOR|name=[[Andreas Hanche-Olsen]]|pos=DF}}\n{{Fs player|no=27|nat=GER|name=[[Robin Zentner]]|pos=GK|other=Wakil kapten}}\n{{Fs player|no=29|nat=GER|name=[[Jonathan Burkardt]]|pos=FW}}\n{{Fs player|no=30|nat=CHE|name=[[Silvan Widmer]]|pos=DF|other=Kapten}}\n{{Fs player|no=31|nat=GER|name=[[Dominik Kohr]]|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=33|nat=GER|name=[[Daniel Batz]]|pos=GK}}\n{{Fs player|no=41|nat=GER|name=Eniss Shabani|pos=MF}}\n{{Fs player|no=43|nat=GER|name=[[Brajan Gruda]]|pos=FW}}\n{{Fs player|no=44|nat=GER|name=[[Nelson Weiper]]|pos=FW}}\n{{Fs end}}\n\n=== Dipinjamkan ===\n{{Fs start}}\n{{Fs player|no=|nat=GER|name=Lucas Laux|pos=DF|other=di {{flagicon|GER}} [[SV Sandhausen]] sampai 30 Juni 2024}}\n{{Fs player|no=|nat=GER|name=[[Paul Nebel]]|pos=MF|other=di {{flagicon|GER}} [[Karlsruher SC]] sampai 30 Juni 2024}}\n{{Fs player|no=|nat=GER|name=[[Niklas Tauer]]|pos=MF|other=di {{flagicon|GER}} [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke]] sampai 30 Juni 2024}}\n{{Fs mid}}\n{{Fs player|no=|nat=NED|name=[[Delano Burgzorg]]|pos=FW|other=di {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield]] sampai 30 Juni 2024}}\n{{Fs player|no=|nat=GER|name=Ben Bobzien|pos=FW|other=di {{flagicon|AUT}} [[SC Austria Lustenau|Austria Lustenau]] sampai 30 Juni 2024}}\n{{Fs end}}\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons category}}\n* {{Official website|http://www.mainz05.de/}}\n\n{{Bundesliga}}\n\n[[Kategori:1. FSV Mainz 05| ]]\n[[Kategori:Klub sepak bola Jerman]]\n\n\n{{jerman-sb-stub}}","hash":"28752a5a7e780c9d52c4eb3a47428c430a99cbba45a053e777654b267bebc4e4","last_revision":"2024-04-10T17:09:25Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.689586","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"FSV Mainz 05","an":"1. FSV Mainz 05","ar":"ماينتس 05","arz":"ماينتس 05","az":"Mayns 05 FK","be":"ФК Майнц 05","be-x-old":"Майнц (футбольны клюб)","bg":"1. ФШФ Майнц 05","bn":"মাইনৎস ০৫","bs":"1. FSV Mainz 05","ca":"1. Fußball- und Sportverein Mainz 05","cs":"1. FSV Mainz 05","da":"Mainz 05","de":"1. FSV Mainz 05","diq":"1. FSV Mainz 05","el":"1. ΦΣΦ Μάιντς 05","en":"1. FSV Mainz 05","eo":"Mainz 05","es":"1. F.S.V. Mainz 05","et":"1. FSV Mainz 05","eu":"1. FSV Mainz 05","fa":"باشگاه فوتبال ماینتس ۰۵","fi":"1. FSV Mainz 05","fr":"1. FSV Mayence 05","he":"מיינץ 05","hr":"1. FSV Mainz 05","hu":"1. FSV Mainz 05","hy":"Մայնց 05","is":"1. FSV Mainz 05","it":"1. Fußball- und Sportverein Mainz 05","ja":"1.FSVマインツ05","kk":"Майнц 05","ko":"1. FSV 마인츠 05","lt":"1. FSV Mainz 05","lv":"1. FSV Mainz 05","mg":"1.FSV Mainz 05","mk":"ФК Мајнц 05","mzn":"ماینتس ۰۵","nds":"1. FSV Mainz 05","nl":"1. FSV Mainz 05","nb":"1. FSV Mainz 05","pl":"1. FSV Mainz 05","pt":"1. FSV Mainz 05","ro":"1. FSV Mainz 05","ru":"Майнц 05","sco":"1. FSV Mainz 05","simple":"1. FSV Mainz 05","sk":"1. FSV Mainz 05","sl":"1. FSV Mainz 05","sq":"1. FSV Mainz 05","sr":"ФК Мајнц 05","sv":"1. FSV Mainz 05","th":"แอร์สเทอร์ เอ็ฟเอ็สเฟา ไมนทซ์ 05","tr":"1. FSV Mainz 05","uk":"Майнц 05","vi":"1. FSV Mainz 05","zh":"美因茨05足球俱乐部","zh-yue":"緬恩斯零五"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"1. FSV Mainz 05 adalah klub sepak bola di Jerman berbasis di kota Mainz. Selama berkompetisi di liga profesional Jerman belum ada prestasi prestisius yang pernah diraih oleh klub ini.\n\nKategori:1. FSV Mainz 05 Kategori:Klub sepak bola Jerman\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"1. FSV Mainz 05 adalah klub sepak bola di Jerman berbasis di kota Mainz.","translated_text":"1. FSV Mainz 05 is a German football club based in Mainz.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama berkompetisi di liga profesional Jerman belum ada prestasi prestisius yang pernah diraih oleh klub ini.","translated_text":"While competing in the German professional leagues no prestigious achievements have been achieved by this club.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar pemain","translated_text":"List of players","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Skuat utama","translated_text":"Main force","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Dipinjamkan","translated_text":"Borrowed","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:1.","translated_text":"Category one.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"FSV Mainz 05 Kategori:Klub sepak bola Jerman","translated_text":"FSV Mainz 05 Category:German football clubs","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abu Abdullah Muhammad (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abu Abdullah Muhammad]]","hash":"96f8cb6c6c897e4d679203f59c60ed9fd37228109b187206996554723ade642a","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.743944","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abu Abdullah Muhammad\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abu Abdullah Muhammad","translated_text":"The God of Abu Abdullah Muhammad","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Abu Dujana (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Abu Dujana]]","hash":"3438523b0d940945719383429558fc7d4e04d774463c13d6822aecafde4d18bf","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:41Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.796509","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Abu Dujana\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Abu Dujana","translated_text":"Why Abu Dujana?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Adachi (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Adachi]]","hash":"252c2fd1f24f3f451c69ed59a212ae641dd7e06c6e8928175abe86e2d2468ebc","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:50:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.847860","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Adachi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Adachi","translated_text":"It's all about Adachi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"William Adams (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Adam (disambiguasi)]]","hash":"54ee602fd3e0eaae1bea87565b470aba282282b2881cc3991bf7bd651906841e","last_revision":"2019-07-07T18:04:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:51:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.909852","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Adam (disambiguasi)\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Adam (disambiguasi)","translated_text":"Who is Adam? (disambiguation)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Adlai E. Stevenson (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Adlai E. Stevenson]]","hash":"112b3cd6657d078b149bf94bb1455d1f0e39790c446466ed759ab6f7425c1221","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:51:18Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:51:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:49.967660","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Adlai E. Stevenson\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Adlai E. Stevenson","translated_text":"I've been waiting for you.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Admiral Nakhimov (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Admiral Nakhimov]]","hash":"b60eb51c3df04b78d9177f883a33c682ae0d3695ed084d01310458367d637fb4","last_revision":"2010-10-28T09:51:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T09:51:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.042055","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Admiral Nakhimov\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Admiral Nakhimov","translated_text":"This is Admiral Nakhimov.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Metro Milan","wikicode":"'''Sistem Transportasi Milan''' (Bahasa Italia: ''Rete metropolitana di Milano'') adalah jaringan transportasi di kota [[Milan]], [[Italia]]. Sistem ini menghubungkan kota dengan seluruh wilayah [[Lombardy]] dan sistem rel nasional. Jaringan ini terdiri dari '''Kereta bawah tanah''' (''Angkutan cepat di Milan'' - Jalur '''M'''), '''Layanan kereta api suburban''' (Jalur '''S'''), '''Layanan kereta api urban''' ('''Metro-S'''), dan '''Layanan kereta api regional''' (Jalur '''R''').\n\n[[Berkas:Loghi MSR - Milano.png|bingkai|ka|Logo dari sistem transportasi Milan]]\n\n== Kereta bawah tanah (angkutan cepat di Milan) ==\n{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Angkutan cepat di Milan\n|image = Logo Metropolitane Italia.svg\n|imagesize = 70px\n|locale = [[Milan]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 1964\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|100|abbr=yes|precision=0}}\n|lines = 4\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 113\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} ([[sepur standar]])\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = \n|owner =\n|map=\n}}\n[[Berkas:Milano - mappa rete metropolitana (schematica).svg|250px|ka]]\n\n* '''Jalur M1''' Merah - 26.9 km - 38 stasiun\n* '''Jalur M2''' Hijau - 39 km - 35 stasiun\n* '''Jalur M3''' Kuning - 17.1 km - 21 stasiun\n* '''Jalur M5''' Lilla - 12.9 km - 19 stasiun\n* '''Milan Passante''' - 8.5 km - 6 stasiun bawah tanah\n* '''Metrò San Raffaele''' Gobba/S.Raffaele (''penggerak manusia'') - 0.7 km - 2 stasiun\n\n=== Detail teknik ===\nJalur M2 dan M3 dari angkutan cepat Milan menggunakan kabel udara untuk distribusi listrik untuk mesin pesawat. Jalur M1 menggunakan rel keempat untuk distribusi listrik, meskipun pada jalur yang sama tersedia kabel udara dalam beberapa percabangan dan pusat perawatan; yang memungkinkan kereta dari jalur M2 dan M3 mengggunakan jalur M1 untuk mencapai pusat perawatan yang terletak di jalur M1. Lebar rel adalah 1435 mm [[standard gauge]].\n\n=== Sejarah ===\nProposal untuk sistem kereta bawah tanah di Milan telah dibuat pada tahun 1848. Proyek lain juga pernah diajukan pada tahun 1914 dan 1925. Tahun 1938 rencana dilakukan untuk membagun sistem 7 jalur, namun akhirnya dihentikan oleh [[Perang Dunia II]]. Konstruksi akhirnya dimulai pada tahun 1957.\n\nTahun 1906, sebuah jalur Light Rail di atas tanah dibangun untuk eksibisi [[Expo Dunia]]. Jalur ini menghubungkan dua tempat utama di expo yaitu Piazza d'Armi dan Arena Stadium di dekat pusat kota. Jalur ini dibongkar delapan tahun kemudian. Ini dapat disebut sebagai jalur kereta listrik publik pertama di [[Italia]] yang benar-benar terpisah dari jalur kereta lain.\n\nJalur pertama (Jalur M1) dari sistem bawah tanah dibuka di Milan tahun 1964 setelah 7 tahun pengerjaan, dari Lotto menuju Sesto Marelli (21 stasiun). Tahun 1969 jalur kedua (Jalur M2) dari Caiazzo menuju Cascina Gobba (7 stasiun) wdibuka. Pada dekadei 1960-an dan 1970-an jaringan antara kedua jalur telah selesai, dan kedua jalur memiliki lintasan yang berbeda. Jalur M1 memiliki cabag ke barat dari stasiun Pagano, dan jalur M2 memiliki cabang timur dari Cascina Gobba menuju Gessate, berjalan cukup jauh di daerah metropolitan dengan 10 stasiun.\n\nTtahun 1990 jalur ketiga dibuka (Line M3) dengan 5 stasiun. 9 stasiun yang lain dari jalur M3 dibuka di tenggara pada tahun 1991, dan barat laut menuju stasiun Maciachini tahun 2004.\n\nTahun 1997 dibuka ''Passante Ferroviario'', sebuah jalur kereta api bawah tanah, dengan 9 stasiun, dimana kereta berbeda dioperasikan ([[Trenitalia]] dan FNM).\n\nAkhirnya, tahun 1999 sebuah jalur shuttle berbasis penggerak manusia dibuka antara stasiun Cascina Gobba dan rumah sakit San Raffaele, disebut Metrò San Raffaele (hijau muda) dengan 2 stasiun.\n\nPada Maret 2005 stasiun jalur M2 di Abbiategrasso (cabang selatan dari Famagosta) dibuka.\n\nStasiun jalur M1 di Rho-Fiera Milano juka dibuka untuk penumpang pada 30 Maret 2005 (sesaat sebelum pemilu regional pada 3-4 April), namun ditutup kembali pada 3 April, dan dibuka pada September 2005. Stasiun antara di Pero (antara Molino Dorino dan Rho-Fiera) dibuka pada Desember 2005.\n\n* [[Jalur 5 (Angkutan cepat di Milan)|Jalur 5 di angkutan cepat Milan]] (ungu)\nParuh pertama dari jalur ini akan dijalankan dari stasiun Garibaldi (jaringan dengan jalur M2 dan \"Passante Ferroviario\") utara pusat kota Monza. Konstruksi dari bagian pertama jalur tersebut, dari Garibaldi menuju Cà Granda, dengan stasiun antara di Isola, Zara, [[Marche]], Istria, dimuali pada Oktober 2007. Bagian kedua dari jalur M5, dari Cà Granda menuju Bignami, akan memiliki stasiun antara di [[Bicocca Università II°]].\nBangian kedua dari jalur M5, dari Bignami menuju Monza, akan meiliki stasiun di Sesto Parco Nord, Cinisello Valtellina, Monza Bettola, Monza Centro. Jadwal penggalian akan dimulai pada pertengahan 2010.\n\n=== Jaringan masa depan ===\n==== Ekspansi ====\n* Jalur M1 dari Sesto 1° Maggio menuju Monza Bettola - 2.0 km dengan stasiun antara di Sesto Restellone (sebenarnya direncanakan untuk 2009, pekerjaan belum dimulai).\n* Jalur M2 dari Famagosta menuju Forum di Assago - 4.7 km dengan stasiun antara di Milanofiori Nord/Rozzano (sebenarnya direncanakan untuk 2007, pekerjaan masih berlangsung pada Februari 2011).\n* Jalur M3 dari Maciachini menuju Comasina - 4.0 km dengan stasiun antara di Dergano, Affori Centro dan Affori Nord (sebenarna direncanakan untuk 2008, pengerjaan masih berlangsung pada Maret 2011).\n\n==== Ekspansi jangka panjang ====\n* Jalur M1 akan diperpanjang dari Bisceglie menuju Pemukiman Baggio; 3 km dengan stasiun antara di Valsesia.\n* Jalur M2 akan diperpanjang dari [[Cologno Monzese|Cologno]] Nord menuju [[Vimercate]] Centro; 7 km dengan 4 atau 5 stasiun.\n* Jalur M2 akan memiliki stasiun yang dinamai Cascina Melghera antara Cascina Burrona dan stasiun [[Cernusco sul Naviglio|Cernusco S/N]].\n* Jalur M3 akan diperpanjang ke tenggara dari [[San Donato Milanese]] menuju [[Paullo]]; 6 km dengan stasiun antara di kota San Donato, [[Peschiera Borromeo]] dan [[Mediglia]].\n\n==== Rencana jalur ====\nSejak Milan memenangkan penawaran tuan rumah Eksposisi Dunia tahun 2015, kota menerima dana khusus untuk membuat jalur baru, yang akan diselesaiakn antara 2010 dan 2014.\n\n* Jalur M4 (biru muda)\nAkan dibuka daru pinggiran kota barat di Lorenteggioke daerah timur menuju [[Bandar Udara Linate]]. Jalur ini disetujui oleh pemerintah Italia pada Maret 2006, dan dibiayai mulai November 2009. Sebuah jalur menuju tenggara direncanakan berjalan dari stasiun Forlanini menuju pemukiman baru Santa Giulia. Pada sisi yang lain akan dibangun perpanjangan dari San Cristoforo menuju Corsico, Cesano Boscone dan pinggiran Trezzano sul Naviglio. Penggalian akan dimulai pada pertengahan 2010.\n\n== Layanan Kereta Suburban (Jalur S) ==\n{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = \"Linee S\"\n|image = Linee S di Milano.svg\n|imagesize = 70px\n|locale = [[Milan]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 2004\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = \n|lines = 11\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 123\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} ([[standard gauge]])\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = [[Trenord]]\n|owner = [[FerrovieNord]], [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana|RFI]]\n|map = Linee S Milano 2011-06.png\n}}\n\nLayanan Kereta Suburban (disebut '''S''') terdiri dari 8 jalur yang menghubungkan Milan ke daerah metropolitan di sekitarnya:\n\n* '''S1''' Lodi - Milano - Saronno\n* '''S2''' Milano Rogoredo - Mariano Comense\n* '''S3''' Milano Cadorna - Saronno\n* '''S4''' Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate ( / Meda)\n* '''S5''' Varese - Milano - Treviglio\n* '''S6''' Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio)\n* '''S8''' Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco\n* '''S9''' [[Albairate]]-Vermezzo - Milano - Seregno\n* '''S10''' Milano Rogoredo – Milano Bovisa\n* '''S11''' Milano Porta Garibaldi – Chiasso\n\nPada Desember 2011 jalur yang terbentuk adalah:\n* '''S1''' Lodi - Saronno\n* '''S2''' Milano Rogoredo - Seveso ( - Mariano Comense)\n* '''S3''' Milano Cadorna - Saronno\n* '''S4''' Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate ( / Meda)\n* '''S5''' Varese - Treviglio\n* '''S6''' Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio)\n* '''S7''' Milano Porta Garibaldi - [[Molteno]] - [[Lecco]]\n* '''S8''' Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco\n* '''S9''' Abbiategrasso - Seregno\n* '''S11''' Milano Porta Garibaldi – Chiasso\n* '''S12''' [[Paderno Dugnano|Palazzolo]] - [[Melegnano]]\n* '''S13''' (Saronno - ) Milano Bovisa - Pavia\n\n== Kereta regional ==\n[[Berkas:Logomi r.svg|50px|ka]]\nKereta regional bekerja dalam beberapa jalur di sekitar Milan, mencapai kota lain di Italia Utara.\n\nKereta regoinal dioperasikan dari dua sisitem berbeda oleh [[LeNord]] (berangkat dari Milan Cadorna) dan [[Trenitalia]] (berangkat dari Milan Centrale dan Milan Porta Garibaldi).\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.atm-mi.it/en/Pages/default.aspx ATM - Milan's Transportation Company] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004131/http://www.atm-mi.it/en/Pages/default.aspx |date=2016-11-20 }}\n* [http://www.comune.milano.it City of Milan - official website]\n* [http://www.msrmilano.com/ MSR Milano - Unofficial website with the extension projects]\n* [http://milanotrasporti.ferrovie.ch/ MilanoTrasporti - website with informations for railfans (including a list of rolling stock)]\n* [http://metro-5.com Metro5 Milano - official website of the Line M5]\n* [http://www.cityrailways.net/metroitaliane/milano.html Unofficial website with the extension projects]\n{{Angkutan cepat di Eropa}}\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Milan]]\n[[Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Italia|Milan]]","hash":"8a16d547948063e8df202a0224d098f28337bb747047957ac9c49c7efbcee516","last_revision":"2024-04-02T10:28:29Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T12:37:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.103760","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مترو ميلانو","ast":"Metro de Milán","bn":"মিলান মেট্রো","ca":"Metro de Milà","cs":"Metro v Miláně","de":"Metropolitana di Milano","el":"Μετρό του Μιλάνου","en":"Milan Metro","eo":"Metroo de Milano","es":"Metro de Milán","eu":"Milango metroa","fa":"متروی میلان","fi":"Milanon metro","fr":"Métro de Milan","gl":"Metro de Milán","he":"הרכבת התחתית של מילאנו","hu":"Milánói metró","it":"Metropolitana di Milano","ja":"ミラノ地下鉄","ka":"მილანის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"밀라노 지하철","ku":"Metroya Mîlanoyê","la":"Ferrivia Subterranea Mediolanensis","lld":"Metro de Milan","lmo":"Metropolitana de Milan","lt":"Milano metropolitenas","mk":"Миланско метро","nl":"Metro van Milaan","oc":"Mètro de Milan","pl":"Metro w Mediolanie","pnb":"میلان میٹرو","pt":"Metropolitano de Milão","ru":"Миланский метрополитен","sk":"Milánske metro","sr":"Милански метро","sv":"Milanos tunnelbana","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินมิลาน","tr":"Milano Metrosu","uk":"Міланський метрополітен","ur":"میلان میٹرو","uz":"Milan metropoliteni","vi":"Tàu điện ngầm Milano","wuu":"米兰地铁","zh":"米兰地铁"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Sistem Transportasi Milan (Bahasa Italia: Rete metropolitana di Milano) adalah jaringan transportasi di kota Milan, Italia. Sistem ini menghubungkan kota dengan seluruh wilayah Lombardy dan sistem rel nasional. Jaringan ini terdiri dari Kereta bawah tanah (Angkutan cepat di Milan - Jalur M), Layanan kereta api suburban (Jalur S), Layanan kereta api urban (Metro-S), dan Layanan kereta api regional (Jalur R).\n\nJalur M1 Merah - 26.9 km - 38 stasiun Jalur M2 Hijau - 39 km - 35 stasiun Jalur M3 Kuning - 17.1 km - 21 stasiun Jalur M5 Lilla - 12.9 km - 19 stasiun Milan Passante - 8.5 km - 6 stasiun bawah tanah Metrò San Raffaele Gobba/S.Raffaele (penggerak manusia) - 0.7 km - 2 stasiun\n\nJalur M2 dan M3 dari angkutan cepat Milan menggunakan kabel udara untuk distribusi listrik untuk mesin pesawat. Jalur M1 menggunakan rel keempat untuk distribusi listrik, meskipun pada jalur yang sama tersedia kabel udara dalam beberapa percabangan dan pusat perawatan; yang memungkinkan kereta dari jalur M2 dan M3 mengggunakan jalur M1 untuk mencapai pusat perawatan yang terletak di jalur M1. Lebar rel adalah 1435 mm standard gauge.\n\nProposal untuk sistem kereta bawah tanah di Milan telah dibuat pada tahun 1848. Proyek lain juga pernah diajukan pada tahun 1914 dan 1925. Tahun 1938 rencana dilakukan untuk membagun sistem 7 jalur, namun akhirnya dihentikan oleh Perang Dunia II. Konstruksi akhirnya dimulai pada tahun 1957.\n\nTahun 1906, sebuah jalur Light Rail di atas tanah dibangun untuk eksibisi Expo Dunia. Jalur ini menghubungkan dua tempat utama di expo yaitu Piazza d'Armi dan Arena Stadium di dekat pusat kota. Jalur ini dibongkar delapan tahun kemudian. Ini dapat disebut sebagai jalur kereta listrik publik pertama di Italia yang benar-benar terpisah dari jalur kereta lain.\n\nJalur pertama (Jalur M1) dari sistem bawah tanah dibuka di Milan tahun 1964 setelah 7 tahun pengerjaan, dari Lotto menuju Sesto Marelli (21 stasiun). Tahun 1969 jalur kedua (Jalur M2) dari Caiazzo menuju Cascina Gobba (7 stasiun) wdibuka. Pada dekadei 1960-an dan 1970-an jaringan antara kedua jalur telah selesai, dan kedua jalur memiliki lintasan yang berbeda. Jalur M1 memiliki cabag ke barat dari stasiun Pagano, dan jalur M2 memiliki cabang timur dari Cascina Gobba menuju Gessate, berjalan cukup jauh di daerah metropolitan dengan 10 stasiun.\n\nTtahun 1990 jalur ketiga dibuka (Line M3) dengan 5 stasiun. 9 stasiun yang lain dari jalur M3 dibuka di tenggara pada tahun 1991, dan barat laut menuju stasiun Maciachini tahun 2004.\n\nTahun 1997 dibuka Passante Ferroviario, sebuah jalur kereta api bawah tanah, dengan 9 stasiun, dimana kereta berbeda dioperasikan (Trenitalia dan FNM).\n\nAkhirnya, tahun 1999 sebuah jalur shuttle berbasis penggerak manusia dibuka antara stasiun Cascina Gobba dan rumah sakit San Raffaele, disebut Metrò San Raffaele (hijau muda) dengan 2 stasiun.\n\nPada Maret 2005 stasiun jalur M2 di Abbiategrasso (cabang selatan dari Famagosta) dibuka.\n\nStasiun jalur M1 di Rho-Fiera Milano juka dibuka untuk penumpang pada 30 Maret 2005 (sesaat sebelum pemilu regional pada 3-4 April), namun ditutup kembali pada 3 April, dan dibuka pada September 2005. Stasiun antara di Pero (antara Molino Dorino dan Rho-Fiera) dibuka pada Desember 2005.\n\nJalur 5 di angkutan cepat Milan (ungu) Paruh pertama dari jalur ini akan dijalankan dari stasiun Garibaldi (jaringan dengan jalur M2 dan \"Passante Ferroviario\") utara pusat kota Monza. Konstruksi dari bagian pertama jalur tersebut, dari Garibaldi menuju Cà Granda, dengan stasiun antara di Isola, Zara, Marche, Istria, dimuali pada Oktober 2007. Bagian kedua dari jalur M5, dari Cà Granda menuju Bignami, akan memiliki stasiun antara di Bicocca Università II°. Bangian kedua dari jalur M5, dari Bignami menuju Monza, akan meiliki stasiun di Sesto Parco Nord, Cinisello Valtellina, Monza Bettola, Monza Centro. Jadwal penggalian akan dimulai pada pertengahan 2010.\n\nJalur M1 dari Sesto 1° Maggio menuju Monza Bettola - 2.0 km dengan stasiun antara di Sesto Restellone (sebenarnya direncanakan untuk 2009, pekerjaan belum dimulai). Jalur M2 dari Famagosta menuju Forum di Assago - 4.7 km dengan stasiun antara di Milanofiori Nord/Rozzano (sebenarnya direncanakan untuk 2007, pekerjaan masih berlangsung pada Februari 2011). Jalur M3 dari Maciachini menuju Comasina - 4.0 km dengan stasiun antara di Dergano, Affori Centro dan Affori Nord (sebenarna direncanakan untuk 2008, pengerjaan masih berlangsung pada Maret 2011).\n\nJalur M1 akan diperpanjang dari Bisceglie menuju Pemukiman Baggio; 3 km dengan stasiun antara di Valsesia. Jalur M2 akan diperpanjang dari Cologno Nord menuju Vimercate Centro; 7 km dengan 4 atau 5 stasiun. Jalur M2 akan memiliki stasiun yang dinamai Cascina Melghera antara Cascina Burrona dan stasiun Cernusco S/N. Jalur M3 akan diperpanjang ke tenggara dari San Donato Milanese menuju Paullo; 6 km dengan stasiun antara di kota San Donato, Peschiera Borromeo dan Mediglia.\n\nSejak Milan memenangkan penawaran tuan rumah Eksposisi Dunia tahun 2015, kota menerima dana khusus untuk membuat jalur baru, yang akan diselesaiakn antara 2010 dan 2014.\n\nJalur M4 (biru muda) Akan dibuka daru pinggiran kota barat di Lorenteggioke daerah timur menuju Bandar Udara Linate. Jalur ini disetujui oleh pemerintah Italia pada Maret 2006, dan dibiayai mulai November 2009. Sebuah jalur menuju tenggara direncanakan berjalan dari stasiun Forlanini menuju pemukiman baru Santa Giulia. Pada sisi yang lain akan dibangun perpanjangan dari San Cristoforo menuju Corsico, Cesano Boscone dan pinggiran Trezzano sul Naviglio. Penggalian akan dimulai pada pertengahan 2010.\n\nLayanan Kereta Suburban (disebut S) terdiri dari 8 jalur yang menghubungkan Milan ke daerah metropolitan di sekitarnya:\n\nS1 Lodi - Milano - Saronno S2 Milano Rogoredo - Mariano Comense S3 Milano Cadorna - Saronno S4 Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate ( / Meda) S5 Varese - Milano - Treviglio S6 Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio) S8 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco S9 Albairate-Vermezzo - Milano - Seregno S10 Milano Rogoredo – Milano Bovisa S11 Milano Porta Garibaldi – Chiasso\n\nPada Desember 2011 jalur yang terbentuk adalah: S1 Lodi - Saronno S2 Milano Rogoredo - Seveso ( - Mariano Comense) S3 Milano Cadorna - Saronno S4 Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate ( / Meda) S5 Varese - Treviglio S6 Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio) S7 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Molteno - Lecco S8 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco S9 Abbiategrasso - Seregno S11 Milano Porta Garibaldi – Chiasso S12 Palazzolo - Melegnano S13 (Saronno - ) Milano Bovisa - Pavia\n\nKereta regional bekerja dalam beberapa jalur di sekitar Milan, mencapai kota lain di Italia Utara.\n\nKereta regoinal dioperasikan dari dua sisitem berbeda oleh LeNord (berangkat dari Milan Cadorna) dan Trenitalia (berangkat dari Milan Centrale dan Milan Porta Garibaldi).\n\nATM - Milan's Transportation Company City of Milan - official website MSR Milano - Unofficial website with the extension projects MilanoTrasporti - website with informations for railfans (including a list of rolling stock) Metro5 Milano - official website of the Line M5 Unofficial website with the extension projects\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Milan Milan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sistem Transportasi Milan (Bahasa Italia: Rete metropolitana di Milano) adalah jaringan transportasi di kota Milan, Italia.","translated_text":"The Milan Transport System (Italian: Rete metropolitana di Milano) is a transport network in the city of Milan, Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem ini menghubungkan kota dengan seluruh wilayah Lombardy dan sistem rel nasional.","translated_text":"This system connects the city with the entire Lombardy region and the national rail system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jaringan ini terdiri dari Kereta bawah tanah (Angkutan cepat di Milan - Jalur M), Layanan kereta api suburban (Jalur S), Layanan kereta api urban (Metro-S), dan Layanan kereta api regional (Jalur R).","translated_text":"The network consists of the Metro (Rapid Transit in Milan - Line M), the Suburban Railway Service (Line S), the Urban Railway Service (Metro-S), and the Regional Railway Service (Line R).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kereta bawah tanah (angkutan cepat di Milan)","translated_text":"Subway (fast transport in Milan)","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Angkutan cepat di Milan\n|image = Logo Metropolitane Italia.svg\n|imagesize = 70px\n|locale = [[Milan]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 1964\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|100|abbr=yes|precision=0}}\n|lines = 4\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 113\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} ([[sepur standar]])\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = \n|owner =\n|map=\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur M1 Merah - 26.9 km - 38 stasiun Jalur M2 Hijau - 39 km - 35 stasiun Jalur M3 Kuning - 17.1 km - 21 stasiun Jalur M5 Lilla - 12.9 km - 19 stasiun Milan Passante - 8.5 km - 6 stasiun bawah tanah Metrò San Raffaele Gobba/S.Raffaele (penggerak manusia) - 0.7 km - 2 stasiun","translated_text":"Line M1 Red - 26.9 km - 38 stations Line M2 Green - 39 km - 35 stations Line M3 Yellow - 17.1 km - 21 stations Line M5 Lilla - 12.9 km - 19 stations Milan Passante - 8.5 km - 6 underground stations Metrò San Raffaele Gobba/S.Raffaele (human mover) - 0.7 km - 2 stations","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Detail teknik","translated_text":"Technical details","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur M2 dan M3 dari angkutan cepat Milan menggunakan kabel udara untuk distribusi listrik untuk mesin pesawat.","translated_text":"The M2 and M3 lines of Milan's rapid transit use aerial cables for power distribution for aircraft engines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur M1 menggunakan rel keempat untuk distribusi listrik, meskipun pada jalur yang sama tersedia kabel udara dalam beberapa percabangan dan pusat perawatan; yang memungkinkan kereta dari jalur M2 dan M3 mengggunakan jalur M1 untuk mencapai pusat perawatan yang terletak di jalur M1.","translated_text":"The M1 line uses the fourth rail for electricity distribution, although on the same line air cables are available in several branches and treatment centres; which allows trains from the M2 and M3 lines to use the M1 line to reach the treatment centre located on the M1 line.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lebar rel adalah 1435 mm standard gauge.","translated_text":"The width of the rail is 1435 mm standard gauge.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Proposal untuk sistem kereta bawah tanah di Milan telah dibuat pada tahun 1848.","translated_text":"A proposal for a metro system in Milan was made in 1848.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Proyek lain juga pernah diajukan pada tahun 1914 dan 1925.","translated_text":"Other projects were also submitted in 1914 and 1925.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1938 rencana dilakukan untuk membagun sistem 7 jalur, namun akhirnya dihentikan oleh Perang Dunia II.","translated_text":"In 1938 a plan was made to dismantle the 7-lane system, but it was eventually stopped by World War II.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konstruksi akhirnya dimulai pada tahun 1957.","translated_text":"Construction finally began in 1957.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1906, sebuah jalur Light Rail di atas tanah dibangun untuk eksibisi Expo Dunia.","translated_text":"In 1906, an overland Light Rail line was built for the World Expo exhibition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini menghubungkan dua tempat utama di expo yaitu Piazza d'Armi dan Arena Stadium di dekat pusat kota.","translated_text":"The line connects the two main venues at the expo: Piazza d'Armi and Arena Stadium near the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini dibongkar delapan tahun kemudian.","translated_text":"The line was dismantled eight years later.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini dapat disebut sebagai jalur kereta listrik publik pertama di Italia yang benar-benar terpisah dari jalur kereta lain.","translated_text":"It can be called the first public electric railway line in Italy that was completely separate from other railway lines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur pertama (Jalur M1) dari sistem bawah tanah dibuka di Milan tahun 1964 setelah 7 tahun pengerjaan, dari Lotto menuju Sesto Marelli (21 stasiun).","translated_text":"The first line (M1 line) of the underground system was opened in Milan in 1964 after 7 years of work, from Lotto to Sesto Marelli (21 stations).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1969 jalur kedua (Jalur M2) dari Caiazzo menuju Cascina Gobba (7 stasiun) wdibuka.","translated_text":"In 1969 the second line (M2 line) from Caiazzo to Cascina Gobba (7 stations) was opened.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada dekadei 1960-an dan 1970-an jaringan antara kedua jalur telah selesai, dan kedua jalur memiliki lintasan yang berbeda.","translated_text":"In the decades of the 1960s and 1970s the network between the two lines had been completed, and the two lines had different tracks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur M1 memiliki cabag ke barat dari stasiun Pagano, dan jalur M2 memiliki cabang timur dari Cascina Gobba menuju Gessate, berjalan cukup jauh di daerah metropolitan dengan 10 stasiun.","translated_text":"The M1 has a winding to the west from Pagano station, and the M2 has an eastern branch from Cascina Gobba to Gessate, running quite far in the metropolitan area with 10 stations.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ttahun 1990 jalur ketiga dibuka (Line M3) dengan 5 stasiun.","translated_text":"In 1990 a third line was opened (Line M3) with 5 stations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"9 stasiun yang lain dari jalur M3 dibuka di tenggara pada tahun 1991, dan barat laut menuju stasiun Maciachini tahun 2004.","translated_text":"The other 9 stations of the M3 line opened to the south-east in 1991, and north-west towards Maciachini station in 2004.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1997 dibuka Passante Ferroviario, sebuah jalur kereta api bawah tanah, dengan 9 stasiun, dimana kereta berbeda dioperasikan (Trenitalia dan FNM).","translated_text":"In 1997 opened Passante Ferroviario, an underground railway line, with 9 stations, where different trains are operated (Trenitalia and FNM).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Akhirnya, tahun 1999 sebuah jalur shuttle berbasis penggerak manusia dibuka antara stasiun Cascina Gobba dan rumah sakit San Raffaele, disebut Metrò San Raffaele (hijau muda) dengan 2 stasiun.","translated_text":"Finally, in 1999 a human-powered shuttle line was opened between Cascina Gobba station and San Raffaele hospital, called Metrò San Raffaele (young green) with 2 stations.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Maret 2005 stasiun jalur M2 di Abbiategrasso (cabang selatan dari Famagosta) dibuka.","translated_text":"In March 2005 the M2 line station in Abbiategrasso (southern branch of Famagosta) was opened.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stasiun jalur M1 di Rho-Fiera Milano juka dibuka untuk penumpang pada 30 Maret 2005 (sesaat sebelum pemilu regional pada 3-4 April), namun ditutup kembali pada 3 April, dan dibuka pada September 2005.","translated_text":"The M1 railway station at Rho-Fiera Milano opened to passengers on 30 March 2005 (an hour before the regional elections on 3-4 April), but was closed again on 3 April, and reopened in September 2005.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Stasiun antara di Pero (antara Molino Dorino dan Rho-Fiera) dibuka pada Desember 2005.","translated_text":"The intermediate station at Pero (between Molino Dorino and Rho-Fiera) opened in December 2005.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur 5 di angkutan cepat Milan (ungu) Paruh pertama dari jalur ini akan dijalankan dari stasiun Garibaldi (jaringan dengan jalur M2 dan \"Passante Ferroviario\") utara pusat kota Monza.","translated_text":"Line 5 in Milan's rapid transit (unguru) The first half of this line will run from Garibaldi station (network with the M2 and \"Passante Ferroviario\") north of Monza city centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konstruksi dari bagian pertama jalur tersebut, dari Garibaldi menuju Cà Granda, dengan stasiun antara di Isola, Zara, Marche, Istria, dimuali pada Oktober 2007.","translated_text":"Construction of the first section of the line, from Garibaldi to Cà Granda, with stations between Isola, Zara, Marche, Istria, commenced in October 2007.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian kedua dari jalur M5, dari Cà Granda menuju Bignami, akan memiliki stasiun antara di Bicocca Università II°.","translated_text":"The second section of the M5, from Cà Granda to Bignami, will have an intermediate station at Bicocca Università II°.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bangian kedua dari jalur M5, dari Bignami menuju Monza, akan meiliki stasiun di Sesto Parco Nord, Cinisello Valtellina, Monza Bettola, Monza Centro.","translated_text":"The second section of the M5 line, from Bignami to Monza, will have stations at Sesto Parco Nord, Cinisello Valtellina, Monza Bettola, Monza Centro.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jadwal penggalian akan dimulai pada pertengahan 2010.","translated_text":"Excavation is scheduled to begin in mid-2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jaringan masa depan","translated_text":"The network of the future","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ekspansi","translated_text":"Expansion","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur M1 dari Sesto 1° Maggio menuju Monza Bettola - 2.0 km dengan stasiun antara di Sesto Restellone (sebenarnya direncanakan untuk 2009, pekerjaan belum dimulai).","translated_text":"The M1 line from Sesto 1° Maggio to Monza Bettola - 2.0 km with station between at Sesto Restellone (actually planned for 2009, work has not yet begun).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur M2 dari Famagosta menuju Forum di Assago - 4.7 km dengan stasiun antara di Milanofiori Nord/Rozzano (sebenarnya direncanakan untuk 2007, pekerjaan masih berlangsung pada Februari 2011).","translated_text":"Line M2 from Famagosta to Forum in Assago - 4.7 km with station between in Milanofiori Nord/Rozzano (actually planned for 2007, work is still ongoing as of February 2011).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur M3 dari Maciachini menuju Comasina - 4.0 km dengan stasiun antara di Dergano, Affori Centro dan Affori Nord (sebenarna direncanakan untuk 2008, pengerjaan masih berlangsung pada Maret 2011).","translated_text":"The M3 line from Maciachini to Comasina - 4.0 km with stations between Dergano, Affori Centro and Affori Nord (actually planned for 2008, work is still ongoing as of March 2011).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ekspansi jangka panjang","translated_text":"Long term expansion","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur M1 akan diperpanjang dari Bisceglie menuju Pemukiman Baggio; 3 km dengan stasiun antara di Valsesia.","translated_text":"The M1 line will be extended from Bisceglie to the settlement of Baggio; 3 km with a station between in Valsesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur M2 akan diperpanjang dari Cologno Nord menuju Vimercate Centro; 7 km dengan 4 atau 5 stasiun.","translated_text":"The M2 line will be extended from Cologno Nord to Vimercate Centro; 7 km with 4 or 5 stations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur M2 akan memiliki stasiun yang dinamai Cascina Melghera antara Cascina Burrona dan stasiun Cernusco S/N. Jalur M3 akan diperpanjang ke tenggara dari San Donato Milanese menuju Paullo; 6 km dengan stasiun antara di kota San Donato, Peschiera Borromeo dan Mediglia.","translated_text":"The M2 line will have a station named Cascina Melghera between Cascina Burrona and Cernusco station S/N. The M3 line will be extended southeast from San Donato Milanese to Paullo; 6 km with stations between the towns of San Donato, Peschiera Borromeo and Mediglia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rencana jalur","translated_text":"Line plan","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak Milan memenangkan penawaran tuan rumah Eksposisi Dunia tahun 2015, kota menerima dana khusus untuk membuat jalur baru, yang akan diselesaiakn antara 2010 dan 2014.","translated_text":"Since Milan won the bid to host the 2015 World's Fair, the city has received special funding to build a new line, which will be completed between 2010 and 2014.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur M4 (biru muda) Akan dibuka daru pinggiran kota barat di Lorenteggioke daerah timur menuju Bandar Udara Linate.","translated_text":"The M4 (young blue) will open the western suburbs of Lorenteggioke in the eastern region towards Linate Airport.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini disetujui oleh pemerintah Italia pada Maret 2006, dan dibiayai mulai November 2009.","translated_text":"The route was approved by the Italian government in March 2006, and funded from November 2009.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah jalur menuju tenggara direncanakan berjalan dari stasiun Forlanini menuju pemukiman baru Santa Giulia.","translated_text":"A line to the southeast is planned to run from Forlanini station to the new settlement of Santa Giulia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada sisi yang lain akan dibangun perpanjangan dari San Cristoforo menuju Corsico, Cesano Boscone dan pinggiran Trezzano sul Naviglio.","translated_text":"On the other side will be built an extension from San Cristoforo to Corsico, Cesano Boscone and the outskirts of Trezzano sul Naviglio.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggalian akan dimulai pada pertengahan 2010.","translated_text":"Excavation will begin in mid-2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Layanan Kereta Suburban (Jalur S)","translated_text":"Suburban railway services (Line S)","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = \"Linee S\"\n|image = Linee S di Milano.svg\n|imagesize = 70px\n|locale = [[Milan]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 2004\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = \n|lines = 11\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 123\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} ([[standard gauge]])\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = [[Trenord]]\n|owner = [[FerrovieNord]], [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana|RFI]]\n|map = Linee S Milano 2011-06.png\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Layanan Kereta Suburban (disebut S) terdiri dari 8 jalur yang menghubungkan Milan ke daerah metropolitan di sekitarnya:","translated_text":"The Suburban Railway Service (called S) consists of 8 lines connecting Milan to the surrounding metropolitan area:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"S1 Lodi - Milano - Saronno S2 Milano Rogoredo - Mariano Comense S3 Milano Cadorna - Saronno S4 Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate ( / Meda) S5 Varese - Milano - Treviglio S6 Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio) S8 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco S9 Albairate-Vermezzo - Milano - Seregno S10 Milano Rogoredo – Milano Bovisa S11 Milano Porta Garibaldi – Chiasso","translated_text":"In the case of S1 Lodi - Milano - Saronno S2 Milano Rogoredo - Mariano Comense S3 Milano Cadorna - Saronno S4 Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate (/ Meda) S5 Varese - Milano - Treviglio S6 Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio) S8 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco S9 Albairate-Vermezzo - Milano - Seregno S10 Milano Rogoredo ⁇ Milano Bovisa S11 Milano Porta Garibaldi ⁇ Chiasso","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Desember 2011 jalur yang terbentuk adalah: S1 Lodi - Saronno S2 Milano Rogoredo - Seveso ( - Mariano Comense) S3 Milano Cadorna - Saronno S4 Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate ( / Meda) S5 Varese - Treviglio S6 Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio) S7 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Molteno - Lecco S8 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco S9 Abbiategrasso - Seregno S11 Milano Porta Garibaldi – Chiasso S12 Palazzolo - Melegnano S13 (Saronno - ) Milano Bovisa - Pavia","translated_text":"In December 2011 the following lines were formed: S1 Lodi - Saronno S2 Milano Rogoredo - Seveso ( - Mariano Comense) S3 Milano Cadorna - Saronno S4 Milano Cadorna - Camnago-Lentate (/ Meda) S5 Varese - Treviglio S6 Novara - Pioltello-Limito ( - Treviglio) S7 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Molteno - Lecco S8 Milano Porta Garibaldi - Carnate-Usmate - Lecco S9 Abbiategrasso - Seregno S11 Milano Porta Garibaldi ⁇ Chiasso S12 Palazzolo - Melegnano S13 (Saronno - Milano Bovisa)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kereta regional","translated_text":"Regional trains","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kereta regional bekerja dalam beberapa jalur di sekitar Milan, mencapai kota lain di Italia Utara.","translated_text":"Regional trains operate on several lines around Milan, reaching other cities in Northern Italy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kereta regoinal dioperasikan dari dua sisitem berbeda oleh LeNord (berangkat dari Milan Cadorna) dan Trenitalia (berangkat dari Milan Centrale dan Milan Porta Garibaldi).","translated_text":"The reginal trains were operated from two different lines by LeNord (leaving Milan Cadorna) and Trenitalia (leaving Milan Centrale and Milan Porta Garibaldi).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ATM - Milan's Transportation Company City of Milan - official website MSR Milano - Unofficial website with the extension projects MilanoTrasporti - website with informations for railfans (including a list of rolling stock) Metro5 Milano - official website of the Line M5 Unofficial website with the extension projects","translated_text":"ATM - Milan's Transportation Company City of Milan - official website MSR Milano - Unofficial website with the extension projects MilanoTrasporti - website with informations for railfans (including a list of rolling stock) Metro5 Milano - official website of the Line M5 Unofficial website with the extension projects","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004131/http://www.atm-mi.it/en/Pages/default.aspx |date=2016-11-20 }}","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004131/http://www.atm-mi.it/en/Pages/default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:13.240410-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Milan Milan","translated_text":"Categories: Transport in the city of Milan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"ATM - Milan's Transportation Company City of Milan - official website MSR Milano - Unofficial website with the extension projects MilanoTrasporti - website with informations for railfans (including a list of rolling stock) Metro5 Milano - official website of the Line M5 Unofficial website with the extension projects","translated_text":"ATM - Milan's Transportation Company City of Milan - official website MSR Milano - Unofficial website with the extension projects MilanoTrasporti - website with informations for railfans (including a list of rolling stock) Metro5 Milano - official website of the Line M5 Unofficial website with the extension projects","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004131/http://www.atm-mi.it/en/Pages/default.aspx |date=2016-11-20 }}","char_index":37,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004131/http://www.atm-mi.it/en/Pages/default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:13.240410-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Metro Napoli","wikicode":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Naples Metro
''Metropolitana di Napoli''\n|image = Napoli - mappa metropolitana.png\n|imagesize = 250px\n|locale = [[Napoli]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 20 September 1925\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|50.5|abbr=yes|precision=1}}\n|lines = 4\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 37\n|ridership = 470.000 harian (2005){{Citation needed|date=Oktober 2009}}\n|track_gauge =\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = [[ANM]], [[EAV]], [[Trenitalia]]\n|owner = [[Napoli|Comune di Napoli]]\n}}\n\n[[Berkas:Arenella.jpg|jmpl|ka|300px|Pintu masuk menuju Stazione Medaglie d'Oro di Arenella, pada Jalur 1.]]\n\n'''Angkutan cepat di Napoli''' (''Metropolitana di Napoli'') adalah [[Angkutan cepat|sistem metro]] yang melayani kota [[Napoli]], [[Italia]]. Terdiri dari tiga lajur kereta cepat bawah tanah (Jalur 1, Jalur 2, Jalur 6, dan Jalur 11 - Pelangi) dan beberapa jalur komuter (Ferrovia Circumvesuviana, Ferrovia Cumana dan Ferrovia Circumflegrea), dengan pengembangan terencana dan pengerjaan perluasan yang sedang dilakukan.\n\nDengan populasi pusat kota sekitar 1,000,000 penduduk, Naples merupakan kota ketiga terbanyak penduduknya di Italia, tetapi daerah metropolitan kedua terbesar setelah Milan dengan 4.434.136 penduduk.[{{cite web|url=http://users.libero.it/domenico.smarrazzo/studio.PDF |title=Seminario-aprile2001.PDF |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-19}}] Tahun 2005 jumlah pengguna harian sebesar 470,000 (29 juta per tahun), tetapi dengan rencana perluasan jaringan, diharapkan hal ini meningkat hingga 700,000 per hari pada tahun 2011.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}\n\nProyek besar sekarang dilakukan untuk merestrukturisasi sistem transportasi kota dan menghubungkan jalur yang ada menjadi satu jaringan terpadu. Diharapkan terdapat sepuluh jalur, dengan stasiun pertukaran jalur baru dan daerah parkir terpadu.\n\nDengan jalur sepanjang 53.8 km (33.42 mil) dan 69 stasiun yang beroperasi dan bebrapa yang akan dibuka sebagai bagian rencana pengembangan, jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli menjadi jaringan kereta dalam kota nomor 30 terbesar di Eropa dan nomor 77 terbesar di dunia. Jaringan ini adalah yang terbesar kedua di Italia setelah [[Sistem Transportasi Milan|Metropolitana di Milano]] (Milan).[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]\n\nJaringan ini dikoordinasi oleh [[Campania|Regione Campania]] melalui ''Agenzia Campana per la Mobilità Sostenibile'' (Agensi Campania Untuk Mobilitas Berkelanjutan). Sistem tarif yang terintegrasi yang memungkinkan melakukan perjalanan melalui semua jenis transportasi umum di kota Naples dan salah satu yang termaju di Italia, diatur oleh konsorsium UnicoCampania.[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}] Jalur ini sekarang disebut jalur 1.\n\nMeskipun pengembangan telah dicapai dalam berbagai hambatan dan masalah, masih terlihat pada tahun 1997 jalur ini masih sangat buruk karena sedikitnya integrasi jaringan dan koneksi yang miskin, bersama juga dengan fakta bahwa sebagian besar kota Napoli terlalu jauh dengan stasiun. Tahun 1997 penerintah daerah Napoli mengajukan proposal baru ''Piano Comunale dei Trasporti di Napoli'' (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli) yang berusaha untuk menata kembali jaringan, meningkatkan pengendalian terhadap biaya perawatan dan biaya lainnya. sistem pengaturan tarif baru, dan manajemen yang lebih baik dari jaringan kereta urban Napoli.[{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_/ai_58446325|title=Signs Of Progress In Naples And Turin - Brief Article|author=David Briginshaw|accessdate=2008-10-02|work=International Railway Journal|year=1999}}]\n\n[[Berkas:Metropolitana di Napoli - stazione Museo - banchina.jpg|jmpl|ka|230px|Platform Jalur 1 di Stazione Museo-Cavour.]]\n\nRencana transportasi digunakan untuk tiga fase pengembangan ulang utama. Fase 1 akan melibatkan pengembangan hingga 5 jalur, termasuk pengembangan pada jalur 1, dan pembuatan jaringan hingga sepanjang 53 km (45 km dari jalur yang sudah ada), dengan 68 stasiun (23 bangunan baru), dan 12 persilangan, akan selesai tahun 2001. Fase 2 dirancang untuk meningkatkan jaringan hingga 7 jalur, dengan 84 stasiun, dan 16 persilangan, dengan 10 persilangan bus, diselesaikan tahun 2007. Fase 3 akan membuat jaringan menjadi 10 jalur dengan panjang 93 km, dan pengembangan sepanjang 30 km untuk sistem [[light rail]] (Jalur [[trem]]) menghubungkan 114 stasiun, dengan 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus yang selesai tahun 2011. Rencana ini dibuat untuk 70% warga Napoli yang tinggal sekitar 500 m dari titik akses transport tahun 2011.[{{cite news|url=http://web.tiscali.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|publisher=Il Mattino|title=Trasporti su ferro, dal Cipe l’ok ai progetti della Regione|date=3 December 2005}}]\n\nMetronapoli mengumumkan pada 4 Januari 2006, bahwa persilangan jalur 1 untuk stasiun Centro Direzionale, termasuk perpanjangan jalur menuju stasiun Dante dijadwalkan untuk dibuka pada tahun 2008. Pengumuman lebih lanjut pada Juli 2006 memberitahukan bahwa bagian stasiun Piscinola menuju stasiun Capodichino stazione di jalur 1 akan ditenderkan kepada perusahaan swasta.\n\nDari 23 Desember 2006 hingga 20 Februari 2007 sebuah pameran khusus mengenai model dan presentasi multimedia diadakan di [[Castel dell'Ovo]] untuk menunjukkan semua rencana pengembangan jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli, dan sangat diterima oleh penduduk Napoli.\n\n== Metronapoli ==\n{{Main|Metronapoli}}\n\nMetronapoli adalah perusahaan manajemen transportasi publik baru milik Napoli. Didirikan pada 26 Juli 2000 sebagai perusahaan bersama yang dioperasikan sepenuhnya oleh pemerintah, dan beroperasi mulai 1 Februar1 2001. Perusahaan ini dimiliki oleh dua pihak,: Komuni Napoli, dengan saham 99%, dan [[Azienda Napoletana Mobilità]] (ANM), yang memiliki sisa 1% saham. Metronapoli dan [[Trenitalia]] mengatur dan mengoperasikan Metropolitania di Napoli. [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]] bertanggung jawab terhadap pengaturan dan perawatan infrastruktur, seperti rel dan sinyal.[{{cite web|url=http://www.metronapoli.it|title=Metronapoli|author=|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]\n\nMetronapoli saat ini bertanggung jawab terhadap pelayanan transportasi dan perawatan Jalur 1 dan Jalur 6, jalur bawah tanah pejalan kaki, dan jalur kabel, (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto). Metronapoli juga bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan beberapa persilangan dari jalur 1 dengan jalur 2 dan jalur kabel, dan bekerja sama dengan museum akreologi Napoli untuk memastikan bahwa semua pengembangan tidak merusak situs historis di Napoli.
Jalur Metro Napoli\n! Nama\n! Operator\n! Pertama
dioperasikan\n! Bagian pertama
dibuka *\n! Diberi nama
tahun\n! Jenis\n! Panjang
/km\n! Panjang
/mil\n! Stasiun\n! Pengguna
per tahun (Ribu)\n! Pengguna rata-rata
per mil (Ribu)\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 1\n| [[ANM]]\n| 1993*\n| 1993\n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| 18\n| 8.38\n| 19\n| 34,675\n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 2\n| [[Trenitalia]]\n| 1925*\n| 1925\n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| 16\n| 9.94\n| 11\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 3\n| [[EAV]]\n| 2004\n| 2004\n| 2001\n| Permukaan\n| 12.3\n| 7.64\n| 12\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 4\n| [[EAV]]\n| 1891*\n| 1891\n| 2001\n| Dekat permukaan\n| 8.3\n| 5.15\n| 8\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 5\n| [[SEPSA]]\n| 1962*\n| 1962\n| 2001\n| Dekat permukaan\n| 9.1\n| 5.65\n| 7\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 6\n| [[ANM]]\n| 2007\n| 2007\n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| 2.3\n| 1.42\n| 4\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 7\n| [[SEPSA]]\n| 2008**\n| 2008\n| 2001\n| Dekat permukaan\n| \n| \n| 12\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 8\n| [[SEPSA]]\n| 2011**\n| \n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| \n| \n| 5\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 9\n|\n| 2010**\n| \n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| \n| \n| 6\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 10\n|\n| ***\n| \n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| \n| \n| \n| \n| \n|-class=\"sortbottom\"\n|colspan=\"11\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | ''* Ketika tahun yang diberikan lebih awal dari pendirian Metronapoli, jalur ini dioperasikan oleh operator lain.
**Mengantisipasi waktu pembukaan jalur
***Belum ada tahun pasti penyelesaian''.\n|}\n\n=== Jalur kereta kabel ===\nDalam perjanjian transportasi yang dibuat di Napoli sebelumnya, terdapat empat jalur kereta kabel - [[Central Funicular]], [[Chiaia Funicular]], [[Mergellina Funicular]], dan [[Montesanto Funicular]]. Semuanya mengghubungkan kota tua di pusat kota dengan pinggiran di puncak bukit dan sangat dibutuhkan karena kemiringan bukit yang sangat ekstrem. Jalur tertua yang sudah ada (Montesanto, menghubungkan [[Vomero]] dengan pusat kota) dioperasikan sejak 30 Mei 1891. Empat jalur ini melayani 16 stasiun dan saat ini melayani transportasi untuk 60,000 penumpang setiap hari.
+gerbong tengah)\n|72 / 88 / 72\n|Jalur 2\n|1982–sekarang\n|-\n|ETR\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 3
Jalur 4\n|\n|-\n|ET\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 5\n|\n|-\n|Firema Metronapoli M1\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 1\n|\n|-\n|T67\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 6\n|\n|-\n|}\n\n=== Rencana pengembangan dan ekspansi ===\n\nMulai tahun 2001, program besar dari ekspansi dan pengembangan ekstensif dimulai.. [[Azienda Napoletana Mobilità]] bertanggung jawab untuk ''Piano Comulane dei Trasporti di Napoli'' (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli), yang merupakan bagian yang dilokalkan dari rencana keseluruhan dan integrasi lebih baik antara semua transportasi punbil di daerah [[Campania]]. Dengan nama MetroCampania, sasaran proyek adalah untuk membuat membuat layanan metro regional tahun 2010, yang terdiri dari jalur sepanjang 1400 km yang menghubungkan 423 stasiun, termasuk 28 tempat parkir persilangan dan 21 tempat pertukaran bus-kereta. Biaya keseluruhan direncanakan sebesar 3.886 miliar euro.[{{cite web| url=http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Naples | title=Naples Metro | publisher=Metrobits.org| date=2008-09-25 }}]\n\nInisiatif lain telah dimulai saat Metropolitana di Napoli telah merencanakan untuk memberikan buku gratis bagi para pengendara.[{{cite web| url=http://www.napolibella.it/tag/metronapoli/ | title=Libri gratis in Metropolitana Linea 1| publisher=Napolibella| date=2008-11-02 }}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.metro.na.it/ situs resmi Metropolitana di Naples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418040201/http://www.metro.na.it/ |date=2009-04-18 }} {{it}}\n* [http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm Urbanrail.net situs rel Naples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm |date=2009-03-24 }}\n* [http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/2078 Mobility Plan of the Municipality of Naples]\n* [http://www.metroitaliane.it/napoli.html Metroitaliane: page dedicated to Metro Napoli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528231300/http://www.metroitaliane.it/napoli.html |date=2008-05-28 }} {{it}}\n* [http://www.danpiz.net/napoli/trasporti amateur site on the public transport system in Naples]\n* [http://www.mondotram.it MondoTram: Tram in the world with a section on Naples, a forum and many news]\n* [http://www.cittaelettriche.it/metro_esistenti.htm site that lists all existing metropolitan Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222062343/http://www.cittaelettriche.it/metro_esistenti.htm |date=2008-02-22 }} {{it}}\n* [http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/ Subway napoli.htm of Naples]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [http://urbanrail.fotopic.net/c640405.html Naples Metro Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503074202/http://urbanrail.fotopic.net/c640405.html |date=2006-05-03 }}\n* [http://www.asktheworld.org/maps/metro-system-in-naples-italy-metro-napoli.asp?lang=eng Interactive map of the metropolitan Naples]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [http://www.vesuviana.it Circumvesuviana, official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614074008/http://www.vesuviana.it/ |date=2007-06-14 }} {{it icon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Napoli]]\n[[Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Italia|Napoli]]","hash":"939f1b5adc250493bf19358f519121e0a60c140dd0de924eb8dd54dc1e13f2a1","last_revision":"2023-07-21T14:29:23Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T12:55:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.162042","cross_lingual_links":{"be":"Неапалітанскі метрапалітэн","bn":"নাপোলি মেট্রো","ca":"Metro de Nàpols","cs":"Metro v Neapoli","de":"Metropolitana di Napoli","en":"Naples Metro","eo":"Metroo de Napolo","es":"Metro de Nápoles","eu":"Napoliko metroa","fa":"متروی ناپل","fr":"Métro de Naples","hu":"Nápolyi metró","it":"Metropolitana di Napoli","ja":"ナポリ地下鉄","ka":"ნეაპოლის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"나폴리 지하철","lmo":"Metropolitana de Napoli","lt":"Neapolio metropolitenas","nap":"Metrupulitana 'e Napule","nl":"Metro van Napels","pl":"Metro w Neapolu","pt":"Metropolitano de Nápoles","ru":"Неаполитанский метрополитен","sr":"Напуљски метро","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินเนเปิลส์","tr":"Napoli Metrosu","uk":"Метрополітен Неаполя","uz":"Neapol metropoliteni","wuu":"那不勒斯地铁","zh":"那不勒斯地铁"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Angkutan cepat di Napoli (Metropolitana di Napoli) adalah sistem metro yang melayani kota Napoli, Italia. Terdiri dari tiga lajur kereta cepat bawah tanah (Jalur 1, Jalur 2, Jalur 6, dan Jalur 11 - Pelangi) dan beberapa jalur komuter (Ferrovia Circumvesuviana, Ferrovia Cumana dan Ferrovia Circumflegrea), dengan pengembangan terencana dan pengerjaan perluasan yang sedang dilakukan.\n\nDengan populasi pusat kota sekitar 1,000,000 penduduk, Naples merupakan kota ketiga terbanyak penduduknya di Italia, tetapi daerah metropolitan kedua terbesar setelah Milan dengan 4.434.136 penduduk. Tahun 2005 jumlah pengguna harian sebesar 470,000 (29 juta per tahun), tetapi dengan rencana perluasan jaringan, diharapkan hal ini meningkat hingga 700,000 per hari pada tahun 2011.\n\nProyek besar sekarang dilakukan untuk merestrukturisasi sistem transportasi kota dan menghubungkan jalur yang ada menjadi satu jaringan terpadu. Diharapkan terdapat sepuluh jalur, dengan stasiun pertukaran jalur baru dan daerah parkir terpadu.\n\nDengan jalur sepanjang 53.8 km (33.42 mil) dan 69 stasiun yang beroperasi dan bebrapa yang akan dibuka sebagai bagian rencana pengembangan, jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli menjadi jaringan kereta dalam kota nomor 30 terbesar di Eropa dan nomor 77 terbesar di dunia. Jaringan ini adalah yang terbesar kedua di Italia setelah Metropolitana di Milano (Milan).\n\nJaringan ini dikoordinasi oleh Regione Campania melalui Agenzia Campana per la Mobilità Sostenibile (Agensi Campania Untuk Mobilitas Berkelanjutan). Sistem tarif yang terintegrasi yang memungkinkan melakukan perjalanan melalui semua jenis transportasi umum di kota Naples dan salah satu yang termaju di Italia, diatur oleh konsorsium UnicoCampania.\n\nFerrovia Cumana, awalnya merupakan bagian dari sistem metro, dibuka pada tahun 1889.\n\nTahun 1911 konstruksi bagian kota dari jalur rel Napoli menuju Roma, Jalur Passante dimulai, meskipun dihentikan selama Perang Dunia I, jalur ini dibuka pada 28 September 1925 dengan sebuah layanan komuter, dan merupakan yang pertama di Italia. Layanan ini sekarang masuk dalam sistem metro sebagai jalur 2.\n\nSetelah Perang Dunia II, jalur rel Circumvesuviana yang sudah ada dikembangkan menjadi rel komuter modern. Tahun 1962 rel suburban Circumflegrea dibuka.\n\nTahun 1976 dimulai pembangunan jalur metro sebenarnya, bagian pertama dibuka pada 23 Maret 1993. Awalnya disebut sebagai Metropolitana Collinare (\"Jalur bukit\") yang berjalan sejauh 4 km antara stasiun Colli Aminei dan stasiun Vanvitelli. Dua tahun kemudian tahun 1995 jalur ini diperpanjang untuk mencapai stasiun Piscinola memberikan panjang total jalur sepanjang 8 km. Jalur ini sekarang disebut jalur 1.\n\nMeskipun pengembangan telah dicapai dalam berbagai hambatan dan masalah, masih terlihat pada tahun 1997 jalur ini masih sangat buruk karena sedikitnya integrasi jaringan dan koneksi yang miskin, bersama juga dengan fakta bahwa sebagian besar kota Napoli terlalu jauh dengan stasiun. Tahun 1997 penerintah daerah Napoli mengajukan proposal baru Piano Comunale dei Trasporti di Napoli (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli) yang berusaha untuk menata kembali jaringan, meningkatkan pengendalian terhadap biaya perawatan dan biaya lainnya. sistem pengaturan tarif baru, dan manajemen yang lebih baik dari jaringan kereta urban Napoli.\n\nRencana transportasi digunakan untuk tiga fase pengembangan ulang utama. Fase 1 akan melibatkan pengembangan hingga 5 jalur, termasuk pengembangan pada jalur 1, dan pembuatan jaringan hingga sepanjang 53 km (45 km dari jalur yang sudah ada), dengan 68 stasiun (23 bangunan baru), dan 12 persilangan, akan selesai tahun 2001. Fase 2 dirancang untuk meningkatkan jaringan hingga 7 jalur, dengan 84 stasiun, dan 16 persilangan, dengan 10 persilangan bus, diselesaikan tahun 2007. Fase 3 akan membuat jaringan menjadi 10 jalur dengan panjang 93 km, dan pengembangan sepanjang 30 km untuk sistem light rail (Jalur trem) menghubungkan 114 stasiun, dengan 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus yang selesai tahun 2011. Rencana ini dibuat untuk 70% warga Napoli yang tinggal sekitar 500 m dari titik akses transport tahun 2011.\n\nDalam penggabungan dengan pemerintah regional Campania, pemerintah komuni Napoli membuat sebuah perusahaan pemerintah baru yang bernama Metronapoli, yang 99% dimiliki oleh komuni dan 1% dimiliki oleh Azienda Napoletana Mobilità, yang memiliki pernyataan misi: 'menyediakan layanan transportasi kereta publik yang efisien untuk meningkatkan kualitas kota'.\n\nMetronapoli mengambil alih kendali untuk mengoperasikan jaringan transportasi publik di Napoli sebagai bagian untuk merencanakan integrasi jaringan transportasi publik di daerah Campania pada 1 Februari 2001. Pemerintah regional mengumumkan revoluzione di ferro (revolusi kereta) yang meibatkan pengembangan ajringan regional dengan nilai €3.8 miliar euro, dengan pembangunan 1,400 km jalur baru dan 80 stasiun baru untuk 423 yang beroperasi dalam jaringan di dalam Campania.\n\nPada 3 Desember 2005, CIPE, (Komite Antardepartemen untuk Perencanaan Ekonomi) mengumumkan lebih dari €600 juta berupa pendanaan akan diberikan untuk jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli. €323 juta dialokasikan untuk stasiun Montesanto (Jalur 5 dan jalur 7), €61.1 juta untuk persilangan Giornate (Jalur 1, Jalur 5, dan jalur 7), dimana keduanya direncanakan selesai pada tahun 2010, selain itu €119.7 juta akan diberikan untuk meningkatkan bagian dari Jalur 1 antara stasiun Capodichino dan Centro Direzionale dan €100 juta untuk bagian Stasiun San Pasquale menuju stasiun Municipio.\n\nMetronapoli mengumumkan pada 4 Januari 2006, bahwa persilangan jalur 1 untuk stasiun Centro Direzionale, termasuk perpanjangan jalur menuju stasiun Dante dijadwalkan untuk dibuka pada tahun 2008. Pengumuman lebih lanjut pada Juli 2006 memberitahukan bahwa bagian stasiun Piscinola menuju stasiun Capodichino stazione di jalur 1 akan ditenderkan kepada perusahaan swasta.\n\nDari 23 Desember 2006 hingga 20 Februari 2007 sebuah pameran khusus mengenai model dan presentasi multimedia diadakan di Castel dell'Ovo untuk menunjukkan semua rencana pengembangan jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli, dan sangat diterima oleh penduduk Napoli.\n\nMetronapoli adalah perusahaan manajemen transportasi publik baru milik Napoli. Didirikan pada 26 Juli 2000 sebagai perusahaan bersama yang dioperasikan sepenuhnya oleh pemerintah, dan beroperasi mulai 1 Februar1 2001. Perusahaan ini dimiliki oleh dua pihak,: Komuni Napoli, dengan saham 99%, dan Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM), yang memiliki sisa 1% saham. Metronapoli dan Trenitalia mengatur dan mengoperasikan Metropolitania di Napoli. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana bertanggung jawab terhadap pengaturan dan perawatan infrastruktur, seperti rel dan sinyal.\n\nMetronapoli saat ini bertanggung jawab terhadap pelayanan transportasi dan perawatan Jalur 1 dan Jalur 6, jalur bawah tanah pejalan kaki, dan jalur kabel, (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto). Metronapoli juga bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan beberapa persilangan dari jalur 1 dengan jalur 2 dan jalur kabel, dan bekerja sama dengan museum akreologi Napoli untuk memastikan bahwa semua pengembangan tidak merusak situs historis di Napoli.\n\nMetropolitana di Napoli saat ini mengoperasikan tujuh jalur, dengan tiga jalur direncanakan untuk pengembangan jaringan. Dua jalur (Jalur 1 dan jalur 6) menggunakan jalur yang disediakan oleh Metronapoli, dan yang lain dioperasikan oleh Trenitalia (Jalur 2), Circumvesuviana (Jalur 3 dan jalur 4), dan SEPSA (Jalur 7).\n\nJalur ini dilengkapi dengan empat kereta kabel yang menghubungkan stasiun Vanvitelli di ketinggian dengan daerah permukaan laut di Fuga (Central Funicular), Cimarosa (Chiaia Funicular) dan Morghen (Montesanto Funicular). Yang keempat, Mergellina Funicular menghubungkan stasiun Manzoni dan stasiun Mergellina. Dua kereta kabel yang lain telah direncanakan.\n\nKetika rencana pengembangan selesai tahun 2011, jaringan akan terdiri dari 10 jalur.\n\nDalam perjanjian transportasi yang dibuat di Napoli sebelumnya, terdapat empat jalur kereta kabel - Central Funicular, Chiaia Funicular, Mergellina Funicular, dan Montesanto Funicular. Semuanya mengghubungkan kota tua di pusat kota dengan pinggiran di puncak bukit dan sangat dibutuhkan karena kemiringan bukit yang sangat ekstrem. Jalur tertua yang sudah ada (Montesanto, menghubungkan Vomero dengan pusat kota) dioperasikan sejak 30 Mei 1891. Empat jalur ini melayani 16 stasiun dan saat ini melayani transportasi untuk 60,000 penumpang setiap hari.\n\nSebagai bagian dari pengintegrasian yang lebih baik terhadap semua jalur transportasi publik di Napoli, semua jalur kereta kabel akan dihubungkan dengan jalur Metropolitana dalan usaha menyediakan jaringan yang lebih baik. Stasiun Vanvitelli diharapkan menjadi hub utama untuk tiga jalur kereta kabel, yang meyediakan hubungan dengan jalur 1.\n\nCircumvesuviana adalah sistem rel narrow-gauge yang menghubungan kota-kota di sekitar Napoli. Jalur ini beroperasi di sekitar basisinya di Gunung Vesuvius, meskipun mereka tidak sepenuhnya mengitari gunung ini. Ada 96 stasiun di di jaringan, dengan jalur sepanjang 138 km. Jalur ini menggunakan lebar rel 950 mm, dengan kecepatan tertinggi 90 km/jam. Beberapa kereta berhenti di semua stasiun di jalurnya, sedangkan yang lain hanya berhenti di stasiun utama sebagai kereta ekspress.\n\nTahun 2001 sistem Circumvesuviana digabungkan dengan Metropolitana di Napoli sebagai bagian dari program integrasi. Dengan 96 stasiun dan 138 km rel, Circumvesuviana akan menjadi bagian utama dari jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli.\n\nUnit elektrik Class ALe724 empat gerbong\n\nMulai tahun 2001, program besar dari ekspansi dan pengembangan ekstensif dimulai.. Azienda Napoletana Mobilità bertanggung jawab untuk Piano Comulane dei Trasporti di Napoli (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli), yang merupakan bagian yang dilokalkan dari rencana keseluruhan dan integrasi lebih baik antara semua transportasi punbil di daerah Campania. Dengan nama MetroCampania, sasaran proyek adalah untuk membuat membuat layanan metro regional tahun 2010, yang terdiri dari jalur sepanjang 1400 km yang menghubungkan 423 stasiun, termasuk 28 tempat parkir persilangan dan 21 tempat pertukaran bus-kereta. Biaya keseluruhan direncanakan sebesar 3.886 miliar euro.\n\nFase 1 (2001) Membawa jaringan hingga lima jalur yang berfungsi Penyelesaian sebagian besar jalur 1 Panjang jaringan 53 km (termasuk 45 km jalur yang diubah dari rel yang lain, dan jalur trem yang ditinggalkan) Peningkatan hingga 68 stasiun, 23 merupakan stasiun baru, dan 12 titik persilangan\n\nFase 2 (2007) membuat tujuh jalur berfungsi Peningkatan hingga 84 stasiun, 16 titik persilangan, dan 10 persilangan bus-metro\n\nFase 3 (2011) Membuat 10 jaringan yang berfungsi Pengembangan jalur 1 dan jalur 6 selesai Jalur 7, jalur 8, jalur 9, dan jalur 10 beroperasi Panjang jaringan hingga 93 km, ditambah 30 km jaringan light rail (trem) untuk keseluruhan jaringan 123 km Peningkatan hingga 114 stasiun, 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus-metro\n\nSistem awal Giranapoli digantikan tahun 2001-02 dengan sistem otomatis baru. Sistem tarif saat ini yang berlaku di Metropolitana di Napoli adalah sisitem universal yang digunakan di semua bentuk transportasi publik di kota dan di seluruh daerah Campania. Dalam hal ini, tiket berlaku untuk digunakan di semua bus, kereta kabel, metro, dan kereta lokal di Napoli dan daerah sekitarnya. Sistem ini disediakan oleh\\ 'Uniconapoli', cabang dari 'Consorzio Uniconcampania'.\n\nSeluruh provinsi dibagi menjadi enam daerah yang diberi tanda zona 0-5, yang melebar dari pusat kota Napoli (Zona 0).\n\nTIket dijual di kantor pemesanan tiket di stasiun dan kios, dan perlu divalidasi ketika digunakan pertama kali. Setiap stasiun yang terhubung dalam jaringan sekarang dilengkapi dengan sistem pembelian tiket otomatis, atau telah dikembangkan untuk menerima sistem tersebut. Mesin ini menggunakan bermacam-macam bahasa: Italia, Inggris, Prancis, Jerman, dan Spanyol.\n\nHarga ini berlaku pada 1 Oktober 2008.\n\nInformasi lebih lengkap mengenai tarif dan tiket dapat diperoleh di situs Consorzio Uniconcampania here .\n\nSebuah sistem tiket kartu pintar telah direncanakan untuk jaringan, yang mungkin akan digukana seperti Oystercard di London Underground .\n\nLayanan Metropolitana di Napoli sangat teratur dan dapat diandalkan. Kereta beroperasi mulai pukul 6:00 hingga 23:00 setiap hari dalam setahun. Kereta dijadwalkan tiba setiap 8-10 menit, kecuali saat jam padat pagi dan sore hari, ketika kereta datang tiap 6 menit, dan setelah pukul 21:00 ketika mereka tiba setiap 15 menit.\n\nJalur 1 telah disebut sebagai 'Il Metrò dell'Arte' (Metro Seni) oleh Metronapoli setelah enam stasiun telah diubah menjadi tempar pameran karya seni. Bagian ini termasuk seni permanen dan beberapa tempat untuk seni temporer. Hal ini akan terus dilanjutkan saat beberapa stasiun baru untuk jalur 1 dibuka.\n\nStasiun Museum (Museo stazione) juga menampilkan peninggalan arkeologi dan benda lain yang ditemukaan saat penggalian stasiun, sedangkan yang lain diberikan ke Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (Museum Arkeologi Nasional Napoli) di atas stasiun.\n\nInisiatif lain telah dimulai saat Metropolitana di Napoli telah merencanakan untuk memberikan buku gratis bagi para pengendara.\n\nsitus resmi Metropolitana di Naples Urbanrail.net situs rel Naples Mobility Plan of the Municipality of Naples Metroitaliane: page dedicated to Metro Napoli amateur site on the public transport system in Naples MondoTram: Tram in the world with a section on Naples, a forum and many news site that lists all existing metropolitan Italy Subway napoli.htm of Naples Naples Metro Gallery Interactive map of the metropolitan Naples Circumvesuviana, official website\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Napoli Napoli\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Naples Metro
''Metropolitana di Napoli''\n|image = Napoli - mappa metropolitana.png\n|imagesize = 250px\n|locale = [[Napoli]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 20 September 1925\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|50.5|abbr=yes|precision=1}}\n|lines = 4\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 37\n|ridership = 470.000 harian (2005){{Citation needed|date=Oktober 2009}}\n|track_gauge =\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = [[ANM]], [[EAV]], [[Trenitalia]]\n|owner = [[Napoli|Comune di Napoli]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Angkutan cepat di Napoli (Metropolitana di Napoli) adalah sistem metro yang melayani kota Napoli, Italia.","translated_text":"Rapid transport in Naples (Metropolitana di Napoli) is a metro system serving the city of Naples, Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdiri dari tiga lajur kereta cepat bawah tanah (Jalur 1, Jalur 2, Jalur 6, dan Jalur 11 - Pelangi) dan beberapa jalur komuter (Ferrovia Circumvesuviana, Ferrovia Cumana dan Ferrovia Circumflegrea), dengan pengembangan terencana dan pengerjaan perluasan yang sedang dilakukan.","translated_text":"It consists of three underground high-speed rail lines (Line 1, Line 2, Line 6, and Line 11 - Rainbow) and several commuter lines (Ferrovia Circumvesuviana, Ferrovia Cumana and Ferrovia Circumflegrea), with planned development and expansion work underway.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan populasi pusat kota sekitar 1,000,000 penduduk, Naples merupakan kota ketiga terbanyak penduduknya di Italia, tetapi daerah metropolitan kedua terbesar setelah Milan dengan 4.434.136 penduduk.","translated_text":"With a metropolitan population of about 1,000,000 inhabitants, Naples is the third most populous city in Italy, but the second largest metropolitan area after Milan with 4,434,136 inhabitants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://users.libero.it/domenico.smarrazzo/studio.PDF |title=Seminario-aprile2001.PDF |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-19}}]","char_index":199,"name":null,"url":"http://users.libero.it/domenico.smarrazzo/studio.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:14.327072-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 2005 jumlah pengguna harian sebesar 470,000 (29 juta per tahun), tetapi dengan rencana perluasan jaringan, diharapkan hal ini meningkat hingga 700,000 per hari pada tahun 2011.","translated_text":"In 2005 the number of daily users was 470,000 (29 million per year), but with network expansion plans, this is expected to increase to 700,000 per day by 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[{"type":"citation-needed","content":"{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}","char_index":182}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Proyek besar sekarang dilakukan untuk merestrukturisasi sistem transportasi kota dan menghubungkan jalur yang ada menjadi satu jaringan terpadu.","translated_text":"A major project is now underway to restructure the city's transportation system and connect existing lines into one integrated network.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diharapkan terdapat sepuluh jalur, dengan stasiun pertukaran jalur baru dan daerah parkir terpadu.","translated_text":"It is expected that there will be ten lines, with a new line exchange station and an integrated parking area.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan jalur sepanjang 53.8 km (33.42 mil) dan 69 stasiun yang beroperasi dan bebrapa yang akan dibuka sebagai bagian rencana pengembangan, jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli menjadi jaringan kereta dalam kota nomor 30 terbesar di Eropa dan nomor 77 terbesar di dunia.","translated_text":"With 53.8 km (33.42 miles) of track and 69 stations in operation and a number of things to be opened as part of the development plan, the Metropolitana network in Naples becomes the 30th largest urban rail network in Europe and the 77th largest in the world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jaringan ini adalah yang terbesar kedua di Italia setelah Metropolitana di Milano (Milan).","translated_text":"The network is the second largest in Italy after the Metropolitana di Milano (Milan).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":90,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jaringan ini dikoordinasi oleh Regione Campania melalui Agenzia Campana per la Mobilità Sostenibile (Agensi Campania Untuk Mobilitas Berkelanjutan).","translated_text":"The network is coordinated by Regione Campania through the Campania Agency for Sustainable Mobility.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem tarif yang terintegrasi yang memungkinkan melakukan perjalanan melalui semua jenis transportasi umum di kota Naples dan salah satu yang termaju di Italia, diatur oleh konsorsium UnicoCampania.","translated_text":"An integrated tariff system that allows travel through all types of public transport in the city of Naples and one of the most advanced in Italy, is regulated by the consortium UnicoCampania.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":199,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ferrovia Cumana, awalnya merupakan bagian dari sistem metro, dibuka pada tahun 1889.","translated_text":"The Ferrovia Cumana, originally part of the metro system, opened in 1889.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1911 konstruksi bagian kota dari jalur rel Napoli menuju Roma, Jalur Passante dimulai, meskipun dihentikan selama Perang Dunia I, jalur ini dibuka pada 28 September 1925 dengan sebuah layanan komuter, dan merupakan yang pertama di Italia.","translated_text":"In 1911 construction of the city section of the Naples to Rome railway line, the Passante Line, began, although halted during World War I, the line was opened on 28 September 1925 with a commuter service, and was the first in Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Layanan ini sekarang masuk dalam sistem metro sebagai jalur 2.","translated_text":"This service is now part of the metro system as line 2.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah Perang Dunia II, jalur rel Circumvesuviana yang sudah ada dikembangkan menjadi rel komuter modern.","translated_text":"After World War II, the existing Circumvesuviana railway line was developed into a modern commuter railway.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1962 rel suburban Circumflegrea dibuka.","translated_text":"In 1962 the Circumflegrea suburban railway was opened.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1976 dimulai pembangunan jalur metro sebenarnya, bagian pertama dibuka pada 23 Maret 1993.","translated_text":"In 1976 the construction of the actual metro line began, the first section being opened on 23 March 1993.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Awalnya disebut sebagai Metropolitana Collinare (\"Jalur bukit\") yang berjalan sejauh 4 km antara stasiun Colli Aminei dan stasiun Vanvitelli.","translated_text":"It was originally called Metropolitana Collinare (\"Hill Line\") which runs for 4 km between Colli Aminei station and Vanvitelli station.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua tahun kemudian tahun 1995 jalur ini diperpanjang untuk mencapai stasiun Piscinola memberikan panjang total jalur sepanjang 8 km.","translated_text":"Two years later in 1995 the line was extended to reach Piscinola station giving a total length of 8 km.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":132,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":132,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini sekarang disebut jalur 1.","translated_text":"This line is now called line 1.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Meskipun pengembangan telah dicapai dalam berbagai hambatan dan masalah, masih terlihat pada tahun 1997 jalur ini masih sangat buruk karena sedikitnya integrasi jaringan dan koneksi yang miskin, bersama juga dengan fakta bahwa sebagian besar kota Napoli terlalu jauh dengan stasiun.","translated_text":"Although development has been achieved in various hurdles and problems, it is still visible in 1997 that the line is still very poor due to the lack of network integration and poor connections, along with the fact that most of the city of Naples is too far from the station.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1997 penerintah daerah Napoli mengajukan proposal baru Piano Comunale dei Trasporti di Napoli (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli) yang berusaha untuk menata kembali jaringan, meningkatkan pengendalian terhadap biaya perawatan dan biaya lainnya. sistem pengaturan tarif baru, dan manajemen yang lebih baik dari jaringan kereta urban Napoli.","translated_text":"In 1997 the regional governor of Naples proposed a new Piano Comunale dei Trasporti in Naples (City Transport Plan of Naples) which sought to rearrange the network, increase control over maintenance and other costs. A new tariff system, and better management of Naples' urban rail network.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_/ai_58446325|title=Signs Of Progress In Naples And Turin - Brief Article|author=David Briginshaw|accessdate=2008-10-02|work=International Railway Journal|year=1999}}]","char_index":344,"name":"David Briginshaw","url":"http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_/ai_58446325","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.877304-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rencana transportasi digunakan untuk tiga fase pengembangan ulang utama.","translated_text":"The transportation plan is used for three major phases of redevelopment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fase 1 akan melibatkan pengembangan hingga 5 jalur, termasuk pengembangan pada jalur 1, dan pembuatan jaringan hingga sepanjang 53 km (45 km dari jalur yang sudah ada), dengan 68 stasiun (23 bangunan baru), dan 12 persilangan, akan selesai tahun 2001.","translated_text":"Phase 1 will involve development of up to 5 lines, including development on line 1, and networking up to 53 km (45 km from existing lines), with 68 stations (23 new buildings), and 12 intersections, to be completed in 2001.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fase 2 dirancang untuk meningkatkan jaringan hingga 7 jalur, dengan 84 stasiun, dan 16 persilangan, dengan 10 persilangan bus, diselesaikan tahun 2007.","translated_text":"Phase 2 was designed to increase the network to 7 lines, with 84 stations, and 16 intersections, with 10 bus intersections, completed in 2007.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fase 3 akan membuat jaringan menjadi 10 jalur dengan panjang 93 km, dan pengembangan sepanjang 30 km untuk sistem light rail (Jalur trem) menghubungkan 114 stasiun, dengan 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus yang selesai tahun 2011.","translated_text":"Phase 3 will create a network of 10 lines with a length of 93 km, and a 30 km development for a light rail system connecting 114 stations, with 21 intersections, and 24 bus intersections completed in 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rencana ini dibuat untuk 70% warga Napoli yang tinggal sekitar 500 m dari titik akses transport tahun 2011.","translated_text":"This plan was made for 70% of Naplesans living about 500 m from the transport access point in 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":107,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam penggabungan dengan pemerintah regional Campania, pemerintah komuni Napoli membuat sebuah perusahaan pemerintah baru yang bernama Metronapoli, yang 99% dimiliki oleh komuni dan 1% dimiliki oleh Azienda Napoletana Mobilità, yang memiliki pernyataan misi: 'menyediakan layanan transportasi kereta publik yang efisien untuk meningkatkan kualitas kota'.","translated_text":"In conjunction with the regional government of Campania, the government of the commune of Naples created a new government company called Metronapoli, which is 99% owned by the commune and 1% owned by Azienda Napoletana Mobilità, which has a mission statement: 'to provide efficient public rail transport services to improve the quality of the city'.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metronapoli mengambil alih kendali untuk mengoperasikan jaringan transportasi publik di Napoli sebagai bagian untuk merencanakan integrasi jaringan transportasi publik di daerah Campania pada 1 Februari 2001.","translated_text":"Metronapoli took over the control to operate the public transport network in Naples as part of planning the integration of the public transport network in the Campania region on 1 February 2001.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemerintah regional mengumumkan revoluzione di ferro (revolusi kereta) yang meibatkan pengembangan ajringan regional dengan nilai €3.8 miliar euro, dengan pembangunan 1,400 km jalur baru dan 80 stasiun baru untuk 423 yang beroperasi dalam jaringan di dalam Campania.","translated_text":"The regional government announced a revoluzione di ferro (railway revolution) that resulted in the development of a regional pipeline worth €3.8 billion, with the construction of 1,400 km of new lines and 80 new stations for 423 operating in the network within Campania.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 3 Desember 2005, CIPE, (Komite Antardepartemen untuk Perencanaan Ekonomi) mengumumkan lebih dari €600 juta berupa pendanaan akan diberikan untuk jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli.","translated_text":"On 3 December 2005, the CIPE (Interdepartmental Committee for Economic Planning) announced that more than €600 million in funding would be provided for the Metropolitana network in Naples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"€323 juta dialokasikan untuk stasiun Montesanto (Jalur 5 dan jalur 7), €61.1 juta untuk persilangan Giornate (Jalur 1, Jalur 5, dan jalur 7), dimana keduanya direncanakan selesai pada tahun 2010, selain itu €119.7 juta akan diberikan untuk meningkatkan bagian dari Jalur 1 antara stasiun Capodichino dan Centro Direzionale dan €100 juta untuk bagian Stasiun San Pasquale menuju stasiun Municipio.","translated_text":"€323 million was allocated for the Montesanto station (Line 5 and line 7), €61.1 million for the Giornate crossing (Line 1, Line 5, and line 7), both of which are planned to be completed by 2010, in addition €119.7 million will be allocated to upgrade the section of Line 1 between Capodichino and Centro Direzionale stations and €100 million for the section of San Pasquale Station to Municipio station.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|url=http://web.tiscali.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|publisher=Il Mattino|title=Trasporti su ferro, dal Cipe l’ok ai progetti della Regione|date=3 December 2005}}]","char_index":396,"name":null,"url":"http://web.tiscali.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":35115,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.932825-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.69091796875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metronapoli mengumumkan pada 4 Januari 2006, bahwa persilangan jalur 1 untuk stasiun Centro Direzionale, termasuk perpanjangan jalur menuju stasiun Dante dijadwalkan untuk dibuka pada tahun 2008.","translated_text":"Metronapoli announced on 4 January 2006 that a line crossing 1 for the Centro Direzionale station, including a line extension to Dante station, was scheduled to open in 2008.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengumuman lebih lanjut pada Juli 2006 memberitahukan bahwa bagian stasiun Piscinola menuju stasiun Capodichino stazione di jalur 1 akan ditenderkan kepada perusahaan swasta.","translated_text":"A further announcement in July 2006 informed that the section of Piscinola station to Capodichino stazione station on line 1 would be leased to a private company.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari 23 Desember 2006 hingga 20 Februari 2007 sebuah pameran khusus mengenai model dan presentasi multimedia diadakan di Castel dell'Ovo untuk menunjukkan semua rencana pengembangan jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli, dan sangat diterima oleh penduduk Napoli.","translated_text":"From 23 December 2006 to 20 February 2007 a special exhibition on models and multimedia presentations was held at Castel dell'Ovo to showcase all the plans for the development of the Metropolitana network in Naples, and was very well received by the residents of Naples.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Metronapoli","translated_text":"The Metropolis","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metronapoli adalah perusahaan manajemen transportasi publik baru milik Napoli.","translated_text":"Metronapoli is a new public transport management company owned by Naples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Didirikan pada 26 Juli 2000 sebagai perusahaan bersama yang dioperasikan sepenuhnya oleh pemerintah, dan beroperasi mulai 1 Februar1 2001.","translated_text":"It was established on 26 July 2000 as a fully government-owned joint venture, and operated from 1 February 2001.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan ini dimiliki oleh dua pihak,: Komuni Napoli, dengan saham 99%, dan Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM), yang memiliki sisa 1% saham.","translated_text":"The company is owned by two parties: Comuni Napoli, with a 99% stake, and Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM), which owns the remaining 1% stake.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metronapoli dan Trenitalia mengatur dan mengoperasikan Metropolitania di Napoli.","translated_text":"Metronapoli and Trenitalia organize and operate the Metropolitania in Naples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rete Ferroviaria Italiana bertanggung jawab terhadap pengaturan dan perawatan infrastruktur, seperti rel dan sinyal.","translated_text":"Rete Ferroviaria Italiana is responsible for the organisation and maintenance of infrastructure, such as railways and signals.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.metronapoli.it|title=Metronapoli|author=|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":116,"name":null,"url":"http://www.metronapoli.it","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1219,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.458127-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (22 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metronapoli saat ini bertanggung jawab terhadap pelayanan transportasi dan perawatan Jalur 1 dan Jalur 6, jalur bawah tanah pejalan kaki, dan jalur kabel, (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto).","translated_text":"Metronapoli is currently responsible for the transport and maintenance services of Line 1 and Line 6, the pedestrian underground, and the cableway, (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metronapoli juga bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan beberapa persilangan dari jalur 1 dengan jalur 2 dan jalur kabel, dan bekerja sama dengan museum akreologi Napoli untuk memastikan bahwa semua pengembangan tidak merusak situs historis di Napoli.","translated_text":"Metronapoli is also responsible for the development of several intersections of line 1 with line 2 and cable, and works with the Naples acreology museum to ensure that all development does not damage the historical site in Naples.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":249,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Infrastruktur","translated_text":"Infrastructure","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Stasiun dan jalur","translated_text":"Stations and lines","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metropolitana di Napoli saat ini mengoperasikan tujuh jalur, dengan tiga jalur direncanakan untuk pengembangan jaringan.","translated_text":"Metropolitana di Napoli currently operates seven lines, with three lines planned for network development.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua jalur (Jalur 1 dan jalur 6) menggunakan jalur yang disediakan oleh Metronapoli, dan yang lain dioperasikan oleh Trenitalia (Jalur 2), Circumvesuviana (Jalur 3 dan jalur 4), dan SEPSA (Jalur 7).","translated_text":"Two lines (Line 1 and line 6) use lines provided by Metronapoli, and the others are operated by Trenitalia (Line 2), Circumvesuviana (Line 3 and line 4), and SEPSA (Line 7).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":197,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur ini dilengkapi dengan empat kereta kabel yang menghubungkan stasiun Vanvitelli di ketinggian dengan daerah permukaan laut di Fuga (Central Funicular), Cimarosa (Chiaia Funicular) dan Morghen (Montesanto Funicular).","translated_text":"The line is equipped with four cable trains connecting Vanvitelli station at altitude with the sea surface area at Fuga (Central Funicular), Cimarosa (Chiaia Funicular) and Morghen (Montesanto Funicular).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang keempat, Mergellina Funicular menghubungkan stasiun Manzoni dan stasiun Mergellina.","translated_text":"The fourth, the Mergellina Funicular connects Manzoni station to Mergellina station.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua kereta kabel yang lain telah direncanakan.","translated_text":"Two other cable trains have been planned.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":46,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketika rencana pengembangan selesai tahun 2011, jaringan akan terdiri dari 10 jalur.","translated_text":"When the development plan is completed in 2011, the network will consist of 10 lines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"sortable wikitable\" style=\"margin: 0 auto; text-align:center;\"\n|+ style=\"margin:inherit; text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.25em\"|'''Linea d'Metropolitana di Napoli'''
Jalur Metro Napoli\n! Nama\n! Operator\n! Pertama
dioperasikan\n! Bagian pertama
dibuka *\n! Diberi nama
tahun\n! Jenis\n! Panjang
/km\n! Panjang
/mil\n! Stasiun\n! Pengguna
per tahun (Ribu)\n! Pengguna rata-rata
per mil (Ribu)\n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 1\n| [[ANM]]\n| 1993*\n| 1993\n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| 18\n| 8.38\n| 19\n| 34,675\n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 2\n| [[Trenitalia]]\n| 1925*\n| 1925\n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| 16\n| 9.94\n| 11\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 3\n| [[EAV]]\n| 2004\n| 2004\n| 2001\n| Permukaan\n| 12.3\n| 7.64\n| 12\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 4\n| [[EAV]]\n| 1891*\n| 1891\n| 2001\n| Dekat permukaan\n| 8.3\n| 5.15\n| 8\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 5\n| [[SEPSA]]\n| 1962*\n| 1962\n| 2001\n| Dekat permukaan\n| 9.1\n| 5.65\n| 7\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 6\n| [[ANM]]\n| 2007\n| 2007\n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| 2.3\n| 1.42\n| 4\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 7\n| [[SEPSA]]\n| 2008**\n| 2008\n| 2001\n| Dekat permukaan\n| \n| \n| 12\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 8\n| [[SEPSA]]\n| 2011**\n| \n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| \n| \n| 5\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 9\n|\n| 2010**\n| \n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| \n| \n| 6\n| \n| \n|-\n| style=\"text-align:left;\"|Jalur 10\n|\n| ***\n| \n| 2001\n| Tanah dalam\n| \n| \n| \n| \n| \n|-class=\"sortbottom\"\n|colspan=\"11\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | ''* Ketika tahun yang diberikan lebih awal dari pendirian Metronapoli, jalur ini dioperasikan oleh operator lain.
**Mengantisipasi waktu pembukaan jalur
***Belum ada tahun pasti penyelesaian''.\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur kereta kabel","translated_text":"The cable car line","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam perjanjian transportasi yang dibuat di Napoli sebelumnya, terdapat empat jalur kereta kabel - Central Funicular, Chiaia Funicular, Mergellina Funicular, dan Montesanto Funicular.","translated_text":"In a previous transport agreement made in Naples, there were four cable railways - the Central Funicular, the Chiaia Funicular, the Mergellina Funicular, and the Montesanto Funicular.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semuanya mengghubungkan kota tua di pusat kota dengan pinggiran di puncak bukit dan sangat dibutuhkan karena kemiringan bukit yang sangat ekstrem.","translated_text":"It all connected the old town in the city center to the edge of the hilltop and was much needed because of the extreme slopes of the hill.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur tertua yang sudah ada (Montesanto, menghubungkan Vomero dengan pusat kota) dioperasikan sejak 30 Mei 1891.","translated_text":"The oldest existing line (Montesanto, connecting Vomero to the city center) has been in operation since May 30, 1891.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Empat jalur ini melayani 16 stasiun dan saat ini melayani transportasi untuk 60,000 penumpang setiap hari.","translated_text":"These four lines serve 16 stations and currently serve transportation for 60,000 passengers a day.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":106,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai bagian dari pengintegrasian yang lebih baik terhadap semua jalur transportasi publik di Napoli, semua jalur kereta kabel akan dihubungkan dengan jalur Metropolitana dalan usaha menyediakan jaringan yang lebih baik.","translated_text":"As part of a better integration of all public transport routes in Naples, all cable car lines will be connected to the Metropolitana line providing a better network.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Stasiun Vanvitelli diharapkan menjadi hub utama untuk tiga jalur kereta kabel, yang meyediakan hubungan dengan jalur 1.","translated_text":"Vanvitelli station is expected to be the main hub for three cable car lines, providing connections to line 1.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Circumvesuviana","translated_text":"Circumvesuviana","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Circumvesuviana adalah sistem rel narrow-gauge yang menghubungan kota-kota di sekitar Napoli.","translated_text":"Circumvesuviana is a narrow-gauge railway system that connects the cities around Naples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini beroperasi di sekitar basisinya di Gunung Vesuvius, meskipun mereka tidak sepenuhnya mengitari gunung ini.","translated_text":"The trail operates around its shores on Mount Vesuvius, although they do not completely orbit the mountain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada 96 stasiun di di jaringan, dengan jalur sepanjang 138 km.","translated_text":"There are 96 stations on the network, with a line length of 138 km.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini menggunakan lebar rel 950 mm, dengan kecepatan tertinggi 90 km/jam.","translated_text":"The line uses a rail width of 950 mm, with a top speed of 90 km/h.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa kereta berhenti di semua stasiun di jalurnya, sedangkan yang lain hanya berhenti di stasiun utama sebagai kereta ekspress.","translated_text":"Some trains stop at all stations along its route, while others only stop at the main station as express trains.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 2001 sistem Circumvesuviana digabungkan dengan Metropolitana di Napoli sebagai bagian dari program integrasi.","translated_text":"In 2001 the Circumvesuviana system was combined with the Metropolitana in Naples as part of an integration program.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan 96 stasiun dan 138 km rel, Circumvesuviana akan menjadi bagian utama dari jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli.","translated_text":"With 96 stations and 138 km of railway, Circumvesuviana will be a major part of the Metropolitana network in Naples.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kereta","translated_text":"The train.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Unit elektrik Class ALe724 empat gerbong","translated_text":"Electrical unit Class ALe724 four wagons","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Kelas\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Gambar\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Jenis\n! colspan=\"2\" |Kecepatan maksimum\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Jumlah\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Gerbong per rangkaian\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Konfigurasi kursi\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Rute operasi\n! rowspan=\"2\" |Dibangun\n|-\n!mph\n!km/jam\n|-\n|ALe724\n|\n|Listrik\n|86\n|140\n|90\n|3 (Gerbong dua mesin
+gerbong tengah)\n|72 / 88 / 72\n|Jalur 2\n|1982–sekarang\n|-\n|ETR\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 3
Jalur 4\n|\n|-\n|ET\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 5\n|\n|-\n|Firema Metronapoli M1\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 1\n|\n|-\n|T67\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|\n|Jalur 6\n|\n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Rencana pengembangan dan ekspansi","translated_text":"Development and expansion plans","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mulai tahun 2001, program besar dari ekspansi dan pengembangan ekstensif dimulai..","translated_text":"Starting in 2001, a major program of extensive expansion and development began.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Azienda Napoletana Mobilità bertanggung jawab untuk Piano Comulane dei Trasporti di Napoli (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli), yang merupakan bagian yang dilokalkan dari rencana keseluruhan dan integrasi lebih baik antara semua transportasi punbil di daerah Campania.","translated_text":"Azienda Napoletana Mobilità is responsible for the Piano Comulane dei Trasporti in Naples (City Transport Plan of Naples), which is a localized part of the overall plan and better integration among all public transport in the region of Campania.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan nama MetroCampania, sasaran proyek adalah untuk membuat membuat layanan metro regional tahun 2010, yang terdiri dari jalur sepanjang 1400 km yang menghubungkan 423 stasiun, termasuk 28 tempat parkir persilangan dan 21 tempat pertukaran bus-kereta.","translated_text":"Under the name MetroCampania, the project's goal is to create a regional metro service by 2010, consisting of 1,400 km of lines connecting 423 stations, including 28 intersection parking lots and 21 bus-train exchanges.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biaya keseluruhan direncanakan sebesar 3.886 miliar euro.","translated_text":"The overall cost is planned to be 3,886 billion euros.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":57,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fase 1 (2001)","translated_text":"Phase 1 (2001)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":13,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Membawa jaringan hingga lima jalur yang berfungsi Penyelesaian sebagian besar jalur 1 Panjang jaringan 53 km (termasuk 45 km jalur yang diubah dari rel yang lain, dan jalur trem yang ditinggalkan) Peningkatan hingga 68 stasiun, 23 merupakan stasiun baru, dan 12 titik persilangan","translated_text":"Carrying a network of up to five functioning lines The completion of most of line 1 The length of the network is 53 km (including 45 km of lines converted from other railways, and tram lines abandoned) The increase to 68 stations, 23 being new stations, and 12 intersection points","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fase 2 (2007) membuat tujuh jalur berfungsi Peningkatan hingga 84 stasiun, 16 titik persilangan, dan 10 persilangan bus-metro","translated_text":"Phase 2 (2007) creates seven functional lines Upgrading to 84 stations, 16 junction points, and 10 bus-metro junctions","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":13,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fase 3 (2011) Membuat 10 jaringan yang berfungsi Pengembangan jalur 1 dan jalur 6 selesai Jalur 7, jalur 8, jalur 9, dan jalur 10 beroperasi Panjang jaringan hingga 93 km, ditambah 30 km jaringan light rail (trem) untuk keseluruhan jaringan 123 km Peningkatan hingga 114 stasiun, 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus-metro","translated_text":"Phase 3 (2011) Creating 10 functional networks Development of line 1 and line 6 completed Line 7, line 8, line 9, and line 10 operating Network length up to 93 km, plus 30 km of light rail (trem) network for the entire network 123 km Increase to 114 stations, 21 intersections, and 24 bus-metro intersections","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":13,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Perjalanan","translated_text":"The journey","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biaya","translated_text":"Costs","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sistem awal Giranapoli digantikan tahun 2001-02 dengan sistem otomatis baru.","translated_text":"The initial Giranapoli system was replaced in 2001-02 with a new automatic system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem tarif saat ini yang berlaku di Metropolitana di Napoli adalah sisitem universal yang digunakan di semua bentuk transportasi publik di kota dan di seluruh daerah Campania.","translated_text":"The current tariff system in force in the Metropolitana of Naples is a universal system used in all forms of public transport in the city and throughout the region of Campania.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam hal ini, tiket berlaku untuk digunakan di semua bus, kereta kabel, metro, dan kereta lokal di Napoli dan daerah sekitarnya.","translated_text":"In this case, tickets are valid for use on all buses, cable cars, metro and local trains in and around Naples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem ini disediakan oleh\\ 'Uniconapoli', cabang dari 'Consorzio Uniconcampania'.","translated_text":"This system is provided by the 'Uniconapoli', a branch of the 'Consorzio Uniconcampania'.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":82,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Seluruh provinsi dibagi menjadi enam daerah yang diberi tanda zona 0-5, yang melebar dari pusat kota Napoli (Zona 0).","translated_text":"The entire province is divided into six zones marked zone 0-5, which extends from the centre of Naples (Zone 0).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":117,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"TIket dijual di kantor pemesanan tiket di stasiun dan kios, dan perlu divalidasi ketika digunakan pertama kali.","translated_text":"Tickets are sold at ticket offices at stations and kiosks, and need to be validated when first used.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap stasiun yang terhubung dalam jaringan sekarang dilengkapi dengan sistem pembelian tiket otomatis, atau telah dikembangkan untuk menerima sistem tersebut.","translated_text":"Each station connected in the network is now equipped with an automatic ticket purchase system, or has been developed to receive such a system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mesin ini menggunakan bermacam-macam bahasa: Italia, Inggris, Prancis, Jerman, dan Spanyol.","translated_text":"The machine uses a variety of languages: Italian, English, French, German, and Spanish.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\"\n! scope=\"col\" | Tiket\n! scope=\"col\" | Harga\n! scope=\"col\" | Lama berlaku\n! scope=\"col\" | Catatan\n|-\n| Single\n| €1.10 || 90 min || dapat digunakan berkali-kali dalam waktu 30 menit di semua bentuk transportasi publik \n|-\n| Day Pass\n| €3.00 || 24 jam || \n|-\n| Weekend Day Pass\n| €2.50 || 24 jam || hanya berlaku pada hari sabtu dan minggu\n|-\n| Monthly Pass\n| €35.00 || 30 days || Perjalanan tak terbatas selama masa berlaku\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Harga ini berlaku pada 1 Oktober 2008.","translated_text":"This price is effective as of October 1, 2008.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Informasi lebih lengkap mengenai tarif dan tiket dapat diperoleh di situs Consorzio Uniconcampania here .","translated_text":"Further information on fares and tickets can be obtained at the Consorzio Uniconcampania website here.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104160142/http://www.unicocampania.it/ita/home.htm |date=2010-11-04 }}","char_index":104,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101104160142/http://www.unicocampania.it/ita/home.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.809855-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebuah sistem tiket kartu pintar telah direncanakan untuk jaringan, yang mungkin akan digukana seperti Oystercard di London Underground .","translated_text":"A system of smart card tickets has been planned for the network, which may be similar to the Oystercard in the London Underground.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Operasi","translated_text":"The operation","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Layanan Metropolitana di Napoli sangat teratur dan dapat diandalkan.","translated_text":"Metropolitana services in Naples are very orderly and reliable.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kereta beroperasi mulai pukul 6:00 hingga 23:00 setiap hari dalam setahun.","translated_text":"Trains run from 6:00 to 23:00 every day of the year.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kereta dijadwalkan tiba setiap 8-10 menit, kecuali saat jam padat pagi dan sore hari, ketika kereta datang tiap 6 menit, dan setelah pukul 21:00 ketika mereka tiba setiap 15 menit.","translated_text":"Trains are scheduled to arrive every 8-10 minutes, except during rush hours in the morning and afternoon, when trains arrive every six minutes, and after 21:00 when they arrive every 15 minutes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Seni","translated_text":"The art","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur 1 telah disebut sebagai 'Il Metrò dell'Arte' (Metro Seni) oleh Metronapoli setelah enam stasiun telah diubah menjadi tempar pameran karya seni.","translated_text":"Line 1 has been referred to as 'Il Metrò dell'Arte' (Metro of Art) by Metronapoli after six stations have been converted into art exhibition blocks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini termasuk seni permanen dan beberapa tempat untuk seni temporer.","translated_text":"This section includes permanent art and some places for temporary art.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini akan terus dilanjutkan saat beberapa stasiun baru untuk jalur 1 dibuka.","translated_text":"This will continue as several new stations for line 1 open.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stasiun Museum (Museo stazione) juga menampilkan peninggalan arkeologi dan benda lain yang ditemukaan saat penggalian stasiun, sedangkan yang lain diberikan ke Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (Museum Arkeologi Nasional Napoli) di atas stasiun.","translated_text":"The Museum Station (Museo stazione) also displays archaeological relics and other objects discovered during the excavation of the station, while the others are given to the Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Naples (National Archaeological Museum of Naples) above the station.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Naples | title=Naples Metro | publisher=Metrobits.org| date=2008-09-25 }}]","char_index":250,"name":null,"url":"http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Naples","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":999,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.881411-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (28 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Inisiatif lain telah dimulai saat Metropolitana di Napoli telah merencanakan untuk memberikan buku gratis bagi para pengendara.","translated_text":"Another initiative has been initiated as the Metropolitana in Naples has planned to give free books to riders.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://www.napolibella.it/tag/metronapoli/ | title=Libri gratis in Metropolitana Linea 1| publisher=Napolibella| date=2008-11-02 }}]","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":"http://www.napolibella.it/tag/metronapoli/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":243956,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:17.194441-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (37 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"situs resmi Metropolitana di Naples Urbanrail.net situs rel Naples Mobility Plan of the Municipality of Naples Metroitaliane: page dedicated to Metro Napoli amateur site on the public transport system in Naples MondoTram: Tram in the world with a section on Naples, a forum and many news site that lists all existing metropolitan Italy Subway napoli.htm of Naples Naples Metro Gallery Interactive map of the metropolitan Naples Circumvesuviana, official website","translated_text":"Metroitaliane: page dedicated to Metro Napoli amateur site on the public transport system in Naples MondoTram: Tram in the world with a section on Naples, a forum and many news site that lists all existing metropolitan Italy Subway napoli.htm of Naples Metro Gallery Interactive map of the metropolitan Naples Circumvesuviana, official website","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418040201/http://www.metro.na.it/ |date=2009-04-18 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}}","char_index":336,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080222062343/http://www.cittaelettriche.it/metro_esistenti.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:18.986673-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503074202/http://urbanrail.fotopic.net/c640405.html |date=2006-05-03 }}","char_index":385,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060503074202/http://urbanrail.fotopic.net/c640405.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.055991-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614074008/http://www.vesuviana.it/ |date=2007-06-14 }}","char_index":461,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070614074008/http://www.vesuviana.it/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.125127-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Napoli Napoli","translated_text":"Categories: Transportation in the city of Naples","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Dengan populasi pusat kota sekitar 1,000,000 penduduk, Naples merupakan kota ketiga terbanyak penduduknya di Italia, tetapi daerah metropolitan kedua terbesar setelah Milan dengan 4.434.136 penduduk.","translated_text":"With a metropolitan population of about 1,000,000 inhabitants, Naples is the third most populous city in Italy, but the second largest metropolitan area after Milan with 4,434,136 inhabitants.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://users.libero.it/domenico.smarrazzo/studio.PDF |title=Seminario-aprile2001.PDF |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2009-07-19}}]","char_index":199,"name":null,"url":"http://users.libero.it/domenico.smarrazzo/studio.PDF","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:14.327072-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan jalur sepanjang 53.8 km (33.42 mil) dan 69 stasiun yang beroperasi dan bebrapa yang akan dibuka sebagai bagian rencana pengembangan, jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli menjadi jaringan kereta dalam kota nomor 30 terbesar di Eropa dan nomor 77 terbesar di dunia. Jaringan ini adalah yang terbesar kedua di Italia setelah Metropolitana di Milano (Milan).","translated_text":"With 53.8 km (33.42 miles) of track and 69 stations in operation and a number of things to be opened as part of the development plan, the Metropolitana network in Naples becomes the 30th largest urban rail network in Europe and the 77th largest in the world. The network is the second largest in Italy after the Metropolitana di Milano (Milan).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":357,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jaringan ini dikoordinasi oleh Regione Campania melalui Agenzia Campana per la Mobilità Sostenibile (Agensi Campania Untuk Mobilitas Berkelanjutan). Sistem tarif yang terintegrasi yang memungkinkan melakukan perjalanan melalui semua jenis transportasi umum di kota Naples dan salah satu yang termaju di Italia, diatur oleh konsorsium UnicoCampania.","translated_text":"The network is coordinated by Regione Campania through the Campania Agency for Sustainable Mobility. An integrated tariff system that allows travel through all types of public transport in the city of Naples and one of the most advanced in Italy, is regulated by the consortium UnicoCampania.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":348,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahun 1976 dimulai pembangunan jalur metro sebenarnya, bagian pertama dibuka pada 23 Maret 1993. Awalnya disebut sebagai Metropolitana Collinare (\"Jalur bukit\") yang berjalan sejauh 4 km antara stasiun Colli Aminei dan stasiun Vanvitelli. Dua tahun kemudian tahun 1995 jalur ini diperpanjang untuk mencapai stasiun Piscinola memberikan panjang total jalur sepanjang 8 km.","translated_text":"In 1976 the construction of the actual metro line began, the first section being opened on 23 March 1993. It was originally called Metropolitana Collinare (\"Hill Line\") which runs for 4 km between Colli Aminei station and Vanvitelli station. Two years later in 1995 the line was extended to reach Piscinola station giving a total length of 8 km.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":371,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":371,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Meskipun pengembangan telah dicapai dalam berbagai hambatan dan masalah, masih terlihat pada tahun 1997 jalur ini masih sangat buruk karena sedikitnya integrasi jaringan dan koneksi yang miskin, bersama juga dengan fakta bahwa sebagian besar kota Napoli terlalu jauh dengan stasiun. Tahun 1997 penerintah daerah Napoli mengajukan proposal baru Piano Comunale dei Trasporti di Napoli (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli) yang berusaha untuk menata kembali jaringan, meningkatkan pengendalian terhadap biaya perawatan dan biaya lainnya. sistem pengaturan tarif baru, dan manajemen yang lebih baik dari jaringan kereta urban Napoli.","translated_text":"Although development has been achieved in various hurdles and problems, it is still visible in 1997 that the line is still very poor due to the lack of network integration and poor connections, along with the fact that most of the city of Naples is too far from the station. In 1997 the regional governor of Naples proposed a new Piano Comunale dei Trasporti in Naples (City Transport Plan of Naples) which sought to rearrange the network, increase control over maintenance and other costs. A new tariff system, and better management of Naples' urban rail network.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_/ai_58446325|title=Signs Of Progress In Naples And Turin - Brief Article|author=David Briginshaw|accessdate=2008-10-02|work=International Railway Journal|year=1999}}]","char_index":627,"name":"David Briginshaw","url":"http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_/ai_58446325","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.877304-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fase 2 dirancang untuk meningkatkan jaringan hingga 7 jalur, dengan 84 stasiun, dan 16 persilangan, dengan 10 persilangan bus, diselesaikan tahun 2007. Fase 3 akan membuat jaringan menjadi 10 jalur dengan panjang 93 km, dan pengembangan sepanjang 30 km untuk sistem light rail (Jalur trem) menghubungkan 114 stasiun, dengan 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus yang selesai tahun 2011. Rencana ini dibuat untuk 70% warga Napoli yang tinggal sekitar 500 m dari titik akses transport tahun 2011.","translated_text":"Phase 2 was designed to increase the network to 7 lines, with 84 stations, and 16 intersections, with 10 bus intersections, completed in 2007. Phase 3 will create a network of 10 lines with a length of 93 km, and a 30 km development for a light rail system connecting 114 stations, with 21 intersections, and 24 bus intersections completed in 2011. This plan was made for 70% of Naplesans living about 500 m from the transport access point in 2011.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":495,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 3 Desember 2005, CIPE, (Komite Antardepartemen untuk Perencanaan Ekonomi) mengumumkan lebih dari €600 juta berupa pendanaan akan diberikan untuk jaringan Metropolitana di Napoli. €323 juta dialokasikan untuk stasiun Montesanto (Jalur 5 dan jalur 7), €61.1 juta untuk persilangan Giornate (Jalur 1, Jalur 5, dan jalur 7), dimana keduanya direncanakan selesai pada tahun 2010, selain itu €119.7 juta akan diberikan untuk meningkatkan bagian dari Jalur 1 antara stasiun Capodichino dan Centro Direzionale dan €100 juta untuk bagian Stasiun San Pasquale menuju stasiun Municipio.","translated_text":"On 3 December 2005, the CIPE (Interdepartmental Committee for Economic Planning) announced that more than €600 million in funding would be provided for the Metropolitana network in Naples. €323 million was allocated for the Montesanto station (Line 5 and line 7), €61.1 million for the Giornate crossing (Line 1, Line 5, and line 7), both of which are planned to be completed by 2010, in addition €119.7 million will be allocated to upgrade the section of Line 1 between Capodichino and Centro Direzionale stations and €100 million for the section of San Pasquale Station to Municipio station.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite news|url=http://web.tiscali.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|publisher=Il Mattino|title=Trasporti su ferro, dal Cipe l’ok ai progetti della Regione|date=3 December 2005}}]","char_index":580,"name":null,"url":"http://web.tiscali.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":35115,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.932825-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.69091796875}]},{"text":"Perusahaan ini dimiliki oleh dua pihak,: Komuni Napoli, dengan saham 99%, dan Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM), yang memiliki sisa 1% saham. Metronapoli dan Trenitalia mengatur dan mengoperasikan Metropolitania di Napoli. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana bertanggung jawab terhadap pengaturan dan perawatan infrastruktur, seperti rel dan sinyal.","translated_text":"The company is owned by two parties: Comuni Napoli, with a 99% stake, and Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM), which owns the remaining 1% stake. Metronapoli and Trenitalia organize and operate the Metropolitania in Naples. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana is responsible for the organisation and maintenance of infrastructure, such as railways and signals.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.metronapoli.it|title=Metronapoli|author=|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":339,"name":null,"url":"http://www.metronapoli.it","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1219,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.458127-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (22 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metronapoli saat ini bertanggung jawab terhadap pelayanan transportasi dan perawatan Jalur 1 dan Jalur 6, jalur bawah tanah pejalan kaki, dan jalur kabel, (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto). Metronapoli juga bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan beberapa persilangan dari jalur 1 dengan jalur 2 dan jalur kabel, dan bekerja sama dengan museum akreologi Napoli untuk memastikan bahwa semua pengembangan tidak merusak situs historis di Napoli.","translated_text":"Metronapoli is currently responsible for the transport and maintenance services of Line 1 and Line 6, the pedestrian underground, and the cableway, (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto). Metronapoli is also responsible for the development of several intersections of line 1 with line 2 and cable, and works with the Naples acreology museum to ensure that all development does not damage the historical site in Naples.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":441,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metropolitana di Napoli saat ini mengoperasikan tujuh jalur, dengan tiga jalur direncanakan untuk pengembangan jaringan. Dua jalur (Jalur 1 dan jalur 6) menggunakan jalur yang disediakan oleh Metronapoli, dan yang lain dioperasikan oleh Trenitalia (Jalur 2), Circumvesuviana (Jalur 3 dan jalur 4), dan SEPSA (Jalur 7).","translated_text":"Metropolitana di Napoli currently operates seven lines, with three lines planned for network development. Two lines (Line 1 and line 6) use lines provided by Metronapoli, and the others are operated by Trenitalia (Line 2), Circumvesuviana (Line 3 and line 4), and SEPSA (Line 7).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":318,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jalur ini dilengkapi dengan empat kereta kabel yang menghubungkan stasiun Vanvitelli di ketinggian dengan daerah permukaan laut di Fuga (Central Funicular), Cimarosa (Chiaia Funicular) dan Morghen (Montesanto Funicular). Yang keempat, Mergellina Funicular menghubungkan stasiun Manzoni dan stasiun Mergellina. Dua kereta kabel yang lain telah direncanakan.","translated_text":"The line is equipped with four cable trains connecting Vanvitelli station at altitude with the sea surface area at Fuga (Central Funicular), Cimarosa (Chiaia Funicular) and Morghen (Montesanto Funicular). The fourth, the Mergellina Funicular connects Manzoni station to Mergellina station. Two other cable trains have been planned.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":356,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Semuanya mengghubungkan kota tua di pusat kota dengan pinggiran di puncak bukit dan sangat dibutuhkan karena kemiringan bukit yang sangat ekstrem. Jalur tertua yang sudah ada (Montesanto, menghubungkan Vomero dengan pusat kota) dioperasikan sejak 30 Mei 1891. Empat jalur ini melayani 16 stasiun dan saat ini melayani transportasi untuk 60,000 penumpang setiap hari.","translated_text":"It all connected the old town in the city center to the edge of the hilltop and was much needed because of the extreme slopes of the hill. The oldest existing line (Montesanto, connecting Vomero to the city center) has been in operation since May 30, 1891. These four lines serve 16 stations and currently serve transportation for 60,000 passengers a day.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":366,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Azienda Napoletana Mobilità bertanggung jawab untuk Piano Comulane dei Trasporti di Napoli (Rencana Transportasi Kota Napoli), yang merupakan bagian yang dilokalkan dari rencana keseluruhan dan integrasi lebih baik antara semua transportasi punbil di daerah Campania. Dengan nama MetroCampania, sasaran proyek adalah untuk membuat membuat layanan metro regional tahun 2010, yang terdiri dari jalur sepanjang 1400 km yang menghubungkan 423 stasiun, termasuk 28 tempat parkir persilangan dan 21 tempat pertukaran bus-kereta. Biaya keseluruhan direncanakan sebesar 3.886 miliar euro.","translated_text":"Azienda Napoletana Mobilità is responsible for the Piano Comulane dei Trasporti in Naples (City Transport Plan of Naples), which is a localized part of the overall plan and better integration among all public transport in the region of Campania. Under the name MetroCampania, the project's goal is to create a regional metro service by 2010, consisting of 1,400 km of lines connecting 423 stations, including 28 intersection parking lots and 21 bus-train exchanges. The overall cost is planned to be 3,886 billion euros.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":580,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fase 1 (2001)","translated_text":"Phase 1 (2001)","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":13,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fase 2 (2007) membuat tujuh jalur berfungsi Peningkatan hingga 84 stasiun, 16 titik persilangan, dan 10 persilangan bus-metro","translated_text":"Phase 2 (2007) creates seven functional lines Upgrading to 84 stations, 16 junction points, and 10 bus-metro junctions","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":13,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Fase 3 (2011) Membuat 10 jaringan yang berfungsi Pengembangan jalur 1 dan jalur 6 selesai Jalur 7, jalur 8, jalur 9, dan jalur 10 beroperasi Panjang jaringan hingga 93 km, ditambah 30 km jaringan light rail (trem) untuk keseluruhan jaringan 123 km Peningkatan hingga 114 stasiun, 21 persilangan, dan 24 persilangan bus-metro","translated_text":"Phase 3 (2011) Creating 10 functional networks Development of line 1 and line 6 completed Line 7, line 8, line 9, and line 10 operating Network length up to 93 km, plus 30 km of light rail (trem) network for the entire network 123 km Increase to 114 stations, 21 intersections, and 24 bus-metro intersections","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":13,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sistem tarif saat ini yang berlaku di Metropolitana di Napoli adalah sisitem universal yang digunakan di semua bentuk transportasi publik di kota dan di seluruh daerah Campania. Dalam hal ini, tiket berlaku untuk digunakan di semua bus, kereta kabel, metro, dan kereta lokal di Napoli dan daerah sekitarnya. Sistem ini disediakan oleh\\ 'Uniconapoli', cabang dari 'Consorzio Uniconcampania'.","translated_text":"The current tariff system in force in the Metropolitana of Naples is a universal system used in all forms of public transport in the city and throughout the region of Campania. In this case, tickets are valid for use on all buses, cable cars, metro and local trains in and around Naples. This system is provided by the 'Uniconapoli', a branch of the 'Consorzio Uniconcampania'.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|title=UrbanRail.net - Napoli|author=Robert Schwandl|accessdate=2008-01-04|archive-date=2009-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm|dead-url=yes}}]","char_index":390,"name":"Robert Schwandl","url":"http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.302562-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (34 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seluruh provinsi dibagi menjadi enam daerah yang diberi tanda zona 0-5, yang melebar dari pusat kota Napoli (Zona 0).","translated_text":"The entire province is divided into six zones marked zone 0-5, which extends from the centre of Naples (Zone 0).","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html|title=Naples Metro System|author=Ivano De Falco|accessdate=2008-11-01}}]","char_index":117,"name":"Ivano De Falco","url":"http://web.tiscalinet.it/defalco_ivanoe/trasporti/net/index.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:15.143838-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Informasi lebih lengkap mengenai tarif dan tiket dapat diperoleh di situs Consorzio Uniconcampania here .","translated_text":"Further information on fares and tickets can be obtained at the Consorzio Uniconcampania website here.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104160142/http://www.unicocampania.it/ita/home.htm |date=2010-11-04 }}","char_index":104,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101104160142/http://www.unicocampania.it/ita/home.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.809855-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Stasiun Museum (Museo stazione) juga menampilkan peninggalan arkeologi dan benda lain yang ditemukaan saat penggalian stasiun, sedangkan yang lain diberikan ke Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli (Museum Arkeologi Nasional Napoli) di atas stasiun.","translated_text":"The Museum Station (Museo stazione) also displays archaeological relics and other objects discovered during the excavation of the station, while the others are given to the Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Naples (National Archaeological Museum of Naples) above the station.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Naples | title=Naples Metro | publisher=Metrobits.org| date=2008-09-25 }}]","char_index":250,"name":null,"url":"http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Naples","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":999,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:16.881411-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (28 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Inisiatif lain telah dimulai saat Metropolitana di Napoli telah merencanakan untuk memberikan buku gratis bagi para pengendara.","translated_text":"Another initiative has been initiated as the Metropolitana in Naples has planned to give free books to riders.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite web| url=http://www.napolibella.it/tag/metronapoli/ | title=Libri gratis in Metropolitana Linea 1| publisher=Napolibella| date=2008-11-02 }}]","char_index":127,"name":null,"url":"http://www.napolibella.it/tag/metronapoli/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":243956,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:17.194441-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (37 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"situs resmi Metropolitana di Naples Urbanrail.net situs rel Naples Mobility Plan of the Municipality of Naples Metroitaliane: page dedicated to Metro Napoli amateur site on the public transport system in Naples MondoTram: Tram in the world with a section on Naples, a forum and many news site that lists all existing metropolitan Italy Subway napoli.htm of Naples Naples Metro Gallery Interactive map of the metropolitan Naples Circumvesuviana, official website","translated_text":"Metroitaliane: page dedicated to Metro Napoli amateur site on the public transport system in Naples MondoTram: Tram in the world with a section on Naples, a forum and many news site that lists all existing metropolitan Italy Subway napoli.htm of Naples Metro Gallery Interactive map of the metropolitan Naples Circumvesuviana, official website","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418040201/http://www.metro.na.it/ |date=2009-04-18 }}","char_index":36,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090418040201/http://www.metro.na.it/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:18.778559-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm |date=2009-03-24 }}","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:18.847637-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528231300/http://www.metroitaliane.it/napoli.html |date=2008-05-28 }}","char_index":157,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080528231300/http://www.metroitaliane.it/napoli.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:18.917557-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222062343/http://www.cittaelettriche.it/metro_esistenti.htm |date=2008-02-22 }}","char_index":336,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080222062343/http://www.cittaelettriche.it/metro_esistenti.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:18.986673-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503074202/http://urbanrail.fotopic.net/c640405.html |date=2006-05-03 }}","char_index":385,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060503074202/http://urbanrail.fotopic.net/c640405.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.055991-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614074008/http://www.vesuviana.it/ |date=2007-06-14 }}","char_index":461,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070614074008/http://www.vesuviana.it/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.125127-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Metro Roma","wikicode":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Metropolitana di Roma\n|image = Logo Metropolitane Italia.svg\n|imagesize = 70px\n|locale = [[Roma]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 1955\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|60|abbr=yes|precision=0}}\n|lines = 2\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 73\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge =\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = \n|owner =\n}}\n\n[[Berkas:RomemetroEmanuele.JPG|jmpl|ka|Kereta api Jalur A di Stasiun angkutan cepat Vittorio Emanuele]]\n\n'''Angkutan cepat di Roma''' ({{lang-it|Metropolitana di Roma}}) adalah sisitem transportasi bawah tanah publik yang beroperasi di [[Roma]], [[Italia]]. Jalur ini dibuka pada tahun [[1955]]. Saat ini ada dua jalur yang beroperasi, Jalur A (warna oranye) dan Jalur B (biru). Jalur ketiga, Jalur C (hijau), dan cabang baru dari Jalur B, sedang dalam pembangunan. Rencana juga dilakukan untuk jalur keempat. Jalur saat ini (38 km) memiliki bentuk X dengan keduanya saling bersilangan di Stasiun Temini, stasiun kereta api uatama di Roma.\n\nPenyedia transportasi lokal Roma, ATAC, juga mengoperasikan beberapa jalur rel yang lain: Jalur Roma-Lido, Roma-Pantano dan Roma-Nord. Yang pertama, jalur kereta api Roma-Lido, yang menghubungkan Roma ke laut di Ostia, adalah bagian efektif dari jaringan angkutan cepat, dan menggunakan jalur yang dana dan menggunakan kereta api yang sama dengan jalur A dan B. Jalur Roma-Pantano, meskipun secara resmi disebut kereta api, sebenarnya merupakan jalur trem, sedangkan Roma-Nord adalah jalur kereta suburban.\n\n== Jalur ==\n[[Berkas:Roma - mappa metropolitana (schematica).png|jmpl|pus|600px|Peta jalur angkutan cepat Roma]]\n{{-}}\n=== Jalur B ===\n[[Berkas:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg|kiri|64px|Linea B]]\n{{main|Jalur B (angkutan cepat Roma)}}\n\nBerbeda dengan namanya, jalur B merupakan jalur angkutan cepat pertama di Roma. Jalur B menghubungkan bagian timur laut kota dengan bagian barat daya. Bagian ini terdiri dari 22 stasiun dengan terminal di Rebibbia dan Laurentina (sebalah barat dari [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]]). Bagian ini ditunjukkan dengan warna biru.\n\nJalur B direncanakan pada tahun 1930an oleh pemerintah fasis dalam usaha mencari koneksi padat di antara stasiun utama, Roma Termini, dan sebuah distrik baru di bagian tenggara kota, E42, lokasi yang direncanakan menjadi tempat Pameran Dunia atau Expo, yang akan digelar di Roma tahun 1942. Pameran tidak pernah dilaksanakan karena Italia memasuki [[Perang Dunia II]] tahun 1940. Ketika pekerjaan terhenti beberapa terowongan angkutan cepat di bagian pusat kota (antara ''Termini'' dan ''Pyramide'') telah selesai dan digunakan sebagai bunker perlindungan dari serangan udara selama perang.\n\nPengerjaan angkutan cepat dimulai kembali tahun 1948, dengan konsentrasi mengubah arah angkutan cepat, dari yang ditujukan untuk Expo, menjadi menuju daerah komersial yang bernama [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]]. Angkutan cepat Roma secara resmi dibuka pada 9 Februari 1955 oleh presiden Republik [[Luigi Einaudi]]. Layanan reguler dimulai pada hari berikutnya.\n\nTahun 1990 jalur B diperpanjang dari Termini menuju Rebibbia ke bagian timur kota dan seluruh jalur telah dimodernisasi.\n\n=== Jalur A ===\n[[Berkas:Metropolitana di Roma - logo linea A.svg|kiri|64px|Linea A]]\n{{main|Jalur A (angkutan cepat Roma)}}\n\nJalur A menghubungkan bagian barat laut kota dengan bagian tenggara. Bagian ini memiliki 27 stasiun dengan terminal di Battistini dan Anagnina. Bagian ini ditandai dengan warna oranye.\n\nPersetujuan diberikan untuk konstruksi jalur angkutan cepat kedua di Roma tahun 1959. Bagian ini kemudian disebut jalur A yang akan bersilangan dengan jalur angkutan cepat yang sudah ada, yang sekarang disebut jalur B.\n\nPengerjaan pada jalur A dimulai tahun 1964 di daerah ''Tuscolana'' namun mengalami beberapa kali penundaan karena organisasi yang lemah. Selain itu, rencana metode konstruksi yang awalnya adalah potong dan tutup membuat masalah lalu lintas serius di bagian tenggara Roma. Pengerjaan angkutan cepat kemudian dihentikan dan dimulai lagi lima tahun kemudian, menggunakan terowongan yang di-bor yang sebagian menyelesaikan masalah kemacetan namun mengakibatkan beberapa klaim kompensasi karena getaran yang disebabkan mesin bor. Pengerjaan juga sering terhenti karena penemuan [[arkeologi]] yang ditemukan dalam penggalian, umumnya di dekat ''Piazza della Repubblica''.\n\nJalur A akhirnya memasuki layanan pada bulan Februari 1980. Pada akhir dekade 1990-an jalur ini diperpanjang dari Ottaviano di Prati menuju Battistini ke barat.\n{{-}}\n\n== Jalur lain yang dioperasikan oleh perusahaan angkutan cepat ==\n=== Roma-Lido ===\n{{main|Jalur Roma-Lido}}\n[[Berkas:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg|kiri|64px|Jalur Roma-Lido]]\n[[Berkas:Roma lido 9.JPG|jmpl|ka|Kereta CAF Modern]]\n\nPembangunan dari jalur Roma-Lido dimulai sesaat setelah akhir [[perang dunia I]] dan diselesaikan enam tahun kemudian pada tahun 1924. Jalur ini mulai beroperasi dengan kereta uap namun pemasangan rel listrik selesai kurang dari satu tahun kemudian.\n\nJalur ini saat ini dioperasikan sebagai bagian terintegrasi dengan sistem angkutan cepat, namun berada di permukaan tanah. Jalur ini berjalan dari stasiun ''Roma Porta San Paolo'' di sebelah stasiun jalur B Pyramide dan berjalan bersama dengan jalur B hingga EUR Magliana. Jalur ini kemudian berpisah menuju bagian tepi laut [[Ostia]]. Jalur ini berhenti di sebelah ujung dari ''Via Cristoforo Colombo''.\n{{-}}\n\n=== Roma-Giardinetti ===\n[[Berkas:Ferrovia_Roma-Giardinetti.svg|ka|64px|Jalur Roma-Giardinetti]]\n[[Berkas:Überlandstraßenbahn Rom Laziali - Giardinetti.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Sebuah kereta di jalur Roma-Giardinetti]]\n{{main|Jalur Roma-Giardinetti}}\n\nSecara resmi disebut sebagai jalur kereta api, jalur Roma-Giardinetti adalah jalur rel trem yang menghubungkan Laziali (aebuah stasiun kereta regional yang berjarak 800 meter dari jalur utama Termini) dengan Giardinetti ke timur untuk melewati ''Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA)'', Jalan raya lingkar di Roma. Jalur ini awalnya berjalan menuju [[Frosinone]] yang berjarak 137 km dari Roma, tetapi secara bertahap dikurangi panjangnya, yang paling akhir adalah bagian dari Giardinetti menuju Pantano, yang akan menjadi bagian permanen dari Jalur C, akhirnya dihentikan jalurnya.\n{{-}}\n\n=== Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo ===\n[[Berkas:Ferrovia Roma-Viterbo.svg|kiri|64px|Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo]]\n[[Berkas:FERROVIA EX CONCESSA ROMA NORD3.JPG|jmpl|Stasiun Urban (Euclide)]]\n{{main|Jalur Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo}}\n\nJalur Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo (kadang kala disebut jalur Roma-Nord line) memulai operasinya sebagai jalur trem yang berjalan dari ''Piazza della Libertà'' di Roma menuju [[Civita Castellana]]. Namun, perpanjangan berikutnya dari jalur ini, menuju [[Viterbo]], dibangun sebagai jalur kereta dan setelah satu tahun semua bagian trem diubah menjadi jalur kereta juga. Sebuah proses yang akhirnya menyebabkan perpindahan terminal jalur di Roma dari stasiun permukaan di ''Piazza della Libertà'' menyeberangi sungai menuju stasiun bawah tanah baru di ''Piazzale Flaminio'', di sebelah stasiun yang sedang dibangun untuk jalur A, setelah berakhirnya perang dunia II.\n\nJalur ini saat ini beroperasi dalam dua moda: sebagai layanan urban dari ''Piazzale Flaminio'' menuju [[Montebello]]{{dn}}, dan sebagai layanan suburban dari ''Piazzale Flaminio'' menuju [[Viterbo]]. Layanan urban beroperasi dengan frekuensi sekitar sepuluh menit setiap kereta, sedangkan jalur suburban memiliki interval jauh lebih lama dengan kurang dari sepertiga kereta beroperasi secara penuh di seluruh jalur dari Roma menuju Viterbo selama dua setengah jam.\n\n== Prospek masa depan ==\n=== [[Berkas:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg|30px]] Jalur C ===\n[[Berkas:Roma Metropolitana e Ferrovia 2015.png|jmpl|ka|Peta sistem transportasi kereta Roma tahun 2015]]\n{{main|Jalur C (angkutan cepat Roma)}}\n\nSaat ini dalam pembangunan, jalur C direncanakan akan berjalan dari Grottarossa, utara [[Vatikan]], menuju Pantano, sebelumnya maerupakan terminal dari jalur trem Roma-Gardinetti. Jalur C adalah jalur angkutan cepat pertama yang jalurnya mencapai daerah luar Komuni Roma. Jalur C akan bersilangan dengan jalur A di Ottaviano di sebelah Vatikan dan di San Giovanni, dan dengan jalur B di [[Colosseum]]. Jalur ini juga akan bersilangan dengan jalur D di Piazza Venezia, menciptakan hub angkutan cepat kedua di Roma.\n\nTahap satu dari jalur Cadalah yang terjauh dari pusat kota dan akan dibuka tahun 2011 dengan 15 dari rencana 30 stasiun yang masuk layanan dari Centocelle menuju Pantano. Tahap dua akan memperpanjang jalur menuju Piazza Lodi dengan tambahan 6 stasiun dan direncanakan dibuka pada tahun 2012. Tahap ketiga dan terakhir akan menyelesaikan jalur tersebut dan akan dibuka tahun 2015.[According to the [http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf Brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} of Romametropolitana, the body charged with planning and construction of the metro system.]\n\nWaktu tersebut dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu karena: Roma adalah salah satu kota tertua di dunia dan konstruksi dari sisitem angkutan cepat sering kali tertunda karena seringka penemuak arkeologi sewaktu penggalian. Sedangkan pembangunan sistem angkutan cepat sendiri sering berada di bawah situs bersejarah, sehingga pembuatan tangga dan ventilasi udara sering sulit dilakukan.\n\nKereta yang bekerja di jalur C akan benar-benar otomatis, dan akan menggunakan kereta [[AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro]] yang juga digunakan di [[Angkutan cepat Kopenhagen]].\n\n=== [[Berkas:Metropolitana di Roma D.svg|30px]] Jalur D ===\n{{main|Jalur D (angkutan cepat Roma)}}\n\nPembangunan dari jalur D akan dimulai tahun 2011. Jalur D akan menghubungkan bagian timur laut kota Roma dengan [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]] di bagian barat daya. Jalur D akan berjalan sepanjang 22 km dengan 22 stasiun. Jalur ini akan bersilangan dengan jalur A di Spagna, Jalur B dan jalur Roma-Lido di Eur Magliana, jalur B1 di Jonio, dan jalur C di Venezia.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commons|Metropolitana di Roma|Rome Metro}}\n=== Peta ===\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080530061957/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma-map-proj.gif Proposed Lines C & D]\n* [https://archive.today/20121209132857/img475.imageshack.us/img475/7729/bigromatuq0.jpg Planned underground and suburban lines within 2020]\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070218012028/http://idisk.mac.com/eurocity/Public/Intermetro_Roma_1986.jpg Planned underground and suburban lines on 1986]\n* [http://www.cityrailtransit.com/maps/rome_map.htm Network map (real-distance)]\n\n=== Lain-lain ===\n* {{it icon}} [http://www.romametropolitane.it Roma Metropolitane - Public transportations website]\n* {{it icon}} [http://www.atac.roma.it/ The Public transport company of the city of Rome]\n* {{en icon}} [http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma3.htm Rome's entry on the urban transport site Urban Rail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314074012/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma3.htm |date=2011-03-14 }}\n* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/sets/72157594585604471/ Martin G. Conde, ROME – IMPERIAL FORA. The Velia Hill: Metro ‘C’ Archaeological Surveys (2006-2007). S10 (b1, b2, b3). (2006-2007)]\n\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Roma]]\n[[Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Italia|Roma]]","hash":"16eb92d56d53c4474375beb323ec3c8ff89286c9a4ea377747bc3d62984899eb","last_revision":"2023-09-16T11:56:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T13:09:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.216047","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Metropolitana di Roma","an":"Metro de Roma","ar":"مترو روما","be":"Рымскі метрапалітэн","be-x-old":"Рымскі мэтрапалітэн","bn":"রোম মেট্রো","ca":"Metro de Roma","cs":"Metro v Římě","da":"Rom Metro","de":"Metropolitana di Roma","en":"Rome Metro","eo":"Metroo de Romo","es":"Metro de Roma","eu":"Erromako metroa","fa":"متروی رم","fi":"Rooman metro","fr":"Métro de Rome","he":"הרכבת התחתית של רומא","hr":"Rimski metro","hu":"Római metró","hy":"Հռոմի մետրոպոլիտեն","it":"Metropolitana di Roma","ja":"ローマ地下鉄","ka":"რომის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"로마 지하철","ku":"Metroya Romayê","la":"Ferrivia metropolitana Romana","lmo":"Metropolitana de Roma","lt":"Romos metropolitenas","mk":"Римско метро","ml":"റോം മെട്രോ","nl":"Metro van Rome","pl":"Metro w Rzymie","pt":"Metrô de Roma","ru":"Римский метрополитен","sk":"Rímske metro","sr":"Римски метро","sv":"Roms tunnelbana","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินโรม","tr":"Roma Metrosu","tt":"Рим метрополитены","uk":"Римський метрополітен","ur":"روم میٹرو","uz":"Rim metropoliteni","vi":"Tàu điện ngầm Roma","wuu":"罗马地铁","zh":"羅馬地鐵"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Angkutan cepat di Roma () adalah sisitem transportasi bawah tanah publik yang beroperasi di Roma, Italia. Jalur ini dibuka pada tahun 1955. Saat ini ada dua jalur yang beroperasi, Jalur A (warna oranye) dan Jalur B (biru). Jalur ketiga, Jalur C (hijau), dan cabang baru dari Jalur B, sedang dalam pembangunan. Rencana juga dilakukan untuk jalur keempat. Jalur saat ini (38 km) memiliki bentuk X dengan keduanya saling bersilangan di Stasiun Temini, stasiun kereta api uatama di Roma.\n\nPenyedia transportasi lokal Roma, ATAC, juga mengoperasikan beberapa jalur rel yang lain: Jalur Roma-Lido, Roma-Pantano dan Roma-Nord. Yang pertama, jalur kereta api Roma-Lido, yang menghubungkan Roma ke laut di Ostia, adalah bagian efektif dari jaringan angkutan cepat, dan menggunakan jalur yang dana dan menggunakan kereta api yang sama dengan jalur A dan B. Jalur Roma-Pantano, meskipun secara resmi disebut kereta api, sebenarnya merupakan jalur trem, sedangkan Roma-Nord adalah jalur kereta suburban.\n\nBerbeda dengan namanya, jalur B merupakan jalur angkutan cepat pertama di Roma. Jalur B menghubungkan bagian timur laut kota dengan bagian barat daya. Bagian ini terdiri dari 22 stasiun dengan terminal di Rebibbia dan Laurentina (sebalah barat dari EUR). Bagian ini ditunjukkan dengan warna biru.\n\nJalur B direncanakan pada tahun 1930an oleh pemerintah fasis dalam usaha mencari koneksi padat di antara stasiun utama, Roma Termini, dan sebuah distrik baru di bagian tenggara kota, E42, lokasi yang direncanakan menjadi tempat Pameran Dunia atau Expo, yang akan digelar di Roma tahun 1942. Pameran tidak pernah dilaksanakan karena Italia memasuki Perang Dunia II tahun 1940. Ketika pekerjaan terhenti beberapa terowongan angkutan cepat di bagian pusat kota (antara Termini dan Pyramide) telah selesai dan digunakan sebagai bunker perlindungan dari serangan udara selama perang.\n\nPengerjaan angkutan cepat dimulai kembali tahun 1948, dengan konsentrasi mengubah arah angkutan cepat, dari yang ditujukan untuk Expo, menjadi menuju daerah komersial yang bernama EUR. Angkutan cepat Roma secara resmi dibuka pada 9 Februari 1955 oleh presiden Republik Luigi Einaudi. Layanan reguler dimulai pada hari berikutnya.\n\nTahun 1990 jalur B diperpanjang dari Termini menuju Rebibbia ke bagian timur kota dan seluruh jalur telah dimodernisasi.\n\nJalur A menghubungkan bagian barat laut kota dengan bagian tenggara. Bagian ini memiliki 27 stasiun dengan terminal di Battistini dan Anagnina. Bagian ini ditandai dengan warna oranye.\n\nPersetujuan diberikan untuk konstruksi jalur angkutan cepat kedua di Roma tahun 1959. Bagian ini kemudian disebut jalur A yang akan bersilangan dengan jalur angkutan cepat yang sudah ada, yang sekarang disebut jalur B.\n\nPengerjaan pada jalur A dimulai tahun 1964 di daerah Tuscolana namun mengalami beberapa kali penundaan karena organisasi yang lemah. Selain itu, rencana metode konstruksi yang awalnya adalah potong dan tutup membuat masalah lalu lintas serius di bagian tenggara Roma. Pengerjaan angkutan cepat kemudian dihentikan dan dimulai lagi lima tahun kemudian, menggunakan terowongan yang di-bor yang sebagian menyelesaikan masalah kemacetan namun mengakibatkan beberapa klaim kompensasi karena getaran yang disebabkan mesin bor. Pengerjaan juga sering terhenti karena penemuan arkeologi yang ditemukan dalam penggalian, umumnya di dekat Piazza della Repubblica.\n\nJalur A akhirnya memasuki layanan pada bulan Februari 1980. Pada akhir dekade 1990-an jalur ini diperpanjang dari Ottaviano di Prati menuju Battistini ke barat.\n\nPembangunan dari jalur Roma-Lido dimulai sesaat setelah akhir perang dunia I dan diselesaikan enam tahun kemudian pada tahun 1924. Jalur ini mulai beroperasi dengan kereta uap namun pemasangan rel listrik selesai kurang dari satu tahun kemudian.\n\nJalur ini saat ini dioperasikan sebagai bagian terintegrasi dengan sistem angkutan cepat, namun berada di permukaan tanah. Jalur ini berjalan dari stasiun Roma Porta San Paolo di sebelah stasiun jalur B Pyramide dan berjalan bersama dengan jalur B hingga EUR Magliana. Jalur ini kemudian berpisah menuju bagian tepi laut Ostia. Jalur ini berhenti di sebelah ujung dari Via Cristoforo Colombo.\n\nSecara resmi disebut sebagai jalur kereta api, jalur Roma-Giardinetti adalah jalur rel trem yang menghubungkan Laziali (aebuah stasiun kereta regional yang berjarak 800 meter dari jalur utama Termini) dengan Giardinetti ke timur untuk melewati Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA), Jalan raya lingkar di Roma. Jalur ini awalnya berjalan menuju Frosinone yang berjarak 137 km dari Roma, tetapi secara bertahap dikurangi panjangnya, yang paling akhir adalah bagian dari Giardinetti menuju Pantano, yang akan menjadi bagian permanen dari Jalur C, akhirnya dihentikan jalurnya.\n\nJalur Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo (kadang kala disebut jalur Roma-Nord line) memulai operasinya sebagai jalur trem yang berjalan dari Piazza della Libertà di Roma menuju Civita Castellana. Namun, perpanjangan berikutnya dari jalur ini, menuju Viterbo, dibangun sebagai jalur kereta dan setelah satu tahun semua bagian trem diubah menjadi jalur kereta juga. Sebuah proses yang akhirnya menyebabkan perpindahan terminal jalur di Roma dari stasiun permukaan di Piazza della Libertà menyeberangi sungai menuju stasiun bawah tanah baru di Piazzale Flaminio, di sebelah stasiun yang sedang dibangun untuk jalur A, setelah berakhirnya perang dunia II.\n\nJalur ini saat ini beroperasi dalam dua moda: sebagai layanan urban dari Piazzale Flaminio menuju Montebello, dan sebagai layanan suburban dari Piazzale Flaminio menuju Viterbo. Layanan urban beroperasi dengan frekuensi sekitar sepuluh menit setiap kereta, sedangkan jalur suburban memiliki interval jauh lebih lama dengan kurang dari sepertiga kereta beroperasi secara penuh di seluruh jalur dari Roma menuju Viterbo selama dua setengah jam.\n\nSaat ini dalam pembangunan, jalur C direncanakan akan berjalan dari Grottarossa, utara Vatikan, menuju Pantano, sebelumnya maerupakan terminal dari jalur trem Roma-Gardinetti. Jalur C adalah jalur angkutan cepat pertama yang jalurnya mencapai daerah luar Komuni Roma. Jalur C akan bersilangan dengan jalur A di Ottaviano di sebelah Vatikan dan di San Giovanni, dan dengan jalur B di Colosseum. Jalur ini juga akan bersilangan dengan jalur D di Piazza Venezia, menciptakan hub angkutan cepat kedua di Roma.\n\nTahap satu dari jalur Cadalah yang terjauh dari pusat kota dan akan dibuka tahun 2011 dengan 15 dari rencana 30 stasiun yang masuk layanan dari Centocelle menuju Pantano. Tahap dua akan memperpanjang jalur menuju Piazza Lodi dengan tambahan 6 stasiun dan direncanakan dibuka pada tahun 2012. Tahap ketiga dan terakhir akan menyelesaikan jalur tersebut dan akan dibuka tahun 2015.\n\nWaktu tersebut dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu karena: Roma adalah salah satu kota tertua di dunia dan konstruksi dari sisitem angkutan cepat sering kali tertunda karena seringka penemuak arkeologi sewaktu penggalian. Sedangkan pembangunan sistem angkutan cepat sendiri sering berada di bawah situs bersejarah, sehingga pembuatan tangga dan ventilasi udara sering sulit dilakukan.\n\nKereta yang bekerja di jalur C akan benar-benar otomatis, dan akan menggunakan kereta AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro yang juga digunakan di Angkutan cepat Kopenhagen.\n\nPembangunan dari jalur D akan dimulai tahun 2011. Jalur D akan menghubungkan bagian timur laut kota Roma dengan EUR di bagian barat daya. Jalur D akan berjalan sepanjang 22 km dengan 22 stasiun. Jalur ini akan bersilangan dengan jalur A di Spagna, Jalur B dan jalur Roma-Lido di Eur Magliana, jalur B1 di Jonio, dan jalur C di Venezia.\n\nProposed Lines C & D Planned underground and suburban lines within 2020 Planned underground and suburban lines on 1986 Network map (real-distance)\n\nRoma Metropolitane - Public transportations website The Public transport company of the city of Rome Rome's entry on the urban transport site Urban Rail Martin G. Conde, ROME – IMPERIAL FORA. The Velia Hill: Metro 'C' Archaeological Surveys (2006-2007). S10 (b1, b2, b3). (2006-2007)\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Roma Roma\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Metropolitana di Roma\n|image = Logo Metropolitane Italia.svg\n|imagesize = 70px\n|locale = [[Roma]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 1955\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|60|abbr=yes|precision=0}}\n|lines = 2\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 73\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge =\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = \n|owner =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Angkutan cepat di Roma () adalah sisitem transportasi bawah tanah publik yang beroperasi di Roma, Italia.","translated_text":"Rapid transport in Rome () is a public underground transport system operating in Rome, Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini dibuka pada tahun 1955.","translated_text":"The line opened in 1955.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini ada dua jalur yang beroperasi, Jalur A (warna oranye) dan Jalur B (biru).","translated_text":"There are currently two lines in operation, Line A (orange) and Line B (blue).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ketiga, Jalur C (hijau), dan cabang baru dari Jalur B, sedang dalam pembangunan.","translated_text":"A third line, Line C (green), and a new branch of Line B, are under construction.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rencana juga dilakukan untuk jalur keempat.","translated_text":"Plans are also being made for the fourth line.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur saat ini (38 km) memiliki bentuk X dengan keduanya saling bersilangan di Stasiun Temini, stasiun kereta api uatama di Roma.","translated_text":"The current line (38 km) has an X shape with the two intersecting at Temini Station, the main railway station in Rome.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penyedia transportasi lokal Roma, ATAC, juga mengoperasikan beberapa jalur rel yang lain: Jalur Roma-Lido, Roma-Pantano dan Roma-Nord.","translated_text":"Rome's local transport provider, ATAC, also operates several other railway lines: the Rome-Lido, Rome-Pantano and Rome-Nord lines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang pertama, jalur kereta api Roma-Lido, yang menghubungkan Roma ke laut di Ostia, adalah bagian efektif dari jaringan angkutan cepat, dan menggunakan jalur yang dana dan menggunakan kereta api yang sama dengan jalur A dan B. Jalur Roma-Pantano, meskipun secara resmi disebut kereta api, sebenarnya merupakan jalur trem, sedangkan Roma-Nord adalah jalur kereta suburban.","translated_text":"The first, the Rome-Lido railway, which connects Rome to the sea in Ostia, is an effective part of the rapid transit network, and uses a funded line and uses the same trains as lines A and B. The Rome-Pantano line, although officially called a railway, is actually a tram line, while the Rome-Nord is a suburban railway line.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur","translated_text":"The trail","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur B","translated_text":"Line B","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berbeda dengan namanya, jalur B merupakan jalur angkutan cepat pertama di Roma.","translated_text":"Contrary to its name, the B line was Rome's first rapid transit line.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur B menghubungkan bagian timur laut kota dengan bagian barat daya.","translated_text":"Line B connects the northeastern part of the city with the southwestern part.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini terdiri dari 22 stasiun dengan terminal di Rebibbia dan Laurentina (sebalah barat dari EUR).","translated_text":"This section consists of 22 stations with terminals in Rebibbia and Laurentina (the western half of the EUR).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini ditunjukkan dengan warna biru.","translated_text":"This section is shown in blue.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur B direncanakan pada tahun 1930an oleh pemerintah fasis dalam usaha mencari koneksi padat di antara stasiun utama, Roma Termini, dan sebuah distrik baru di bagian tenggara kota, E42, lokasi yang direncanakan menjadi tempat Pameran Dunia atau Expo, yang akan digelar di Roma tahun 1942.","translated_text":"Line B was planned in the 1930s by the fascist government in an attempt to find a dense connection between the main station, Roma Termini, and a new district in the southeastern part of the city, E42, a planned location to host the World's Fair or Expo, to be held in Rome in 1942.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pameran tidak pernah dilaksanakan karena Italia memasuki Perang Dunia II tahun 1940.","translated_text":"The exhibition was never held because Italy entered World War II in 1940.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika pekerjaan terhenti beberapa terowongan angkutan cepat di bagian pusat kota (antara Termini dan Pyramide) telah selesai dan digunakan sebagai bunker perlindungan dari serangan udara selama perang.","translated_text":"When work ceased some of the rapid transit tunnels in the city centre (between the Termini and the Pyramide) were completed and used as a bunker protection from air raids during the war.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengerjaan angkutan cepat dimulai kembali tahun 1948, dengan konsentrasi mengubah arah angkutan cepat, dari yang ditujukan untuk Expo, menjadi menuju daerah komersial yang bernama EUR.","translated_text":"Fast freight work resumed in 1948, with the concentration shifting the direction of fast freight, from that intended for the Expo, to a commercial area called EUR.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Angkutan cepat Roma secara resmi dibuka pada 9 Februari 1955 oleh presiden Republik Luigi Einaudi.","translated_text":"Rome's rapid transit was officially opened on 9 February 1955 by the president of the Republic Luigi Einaudi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Layanan reguler dimulai pada hari berikutnya.","translated_text":"Regular service begins the next day.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1990 jalur B diperpanjang dari Termini menuju Rebibbia ke bagian timur kota dan seluruh jalur telah dimodernisasi.","translated_text":"In 1990 line B was extended from Termini to Rebibbia to the eastern part of the city and the entire line was modernized.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur A","translated_text":"Line A","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur A menghubungkan bagian barat laut kota dengan bagian tenggara.","translated_text":"Line A connects the northwestern part of the city with the southeastern part.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini memiliki 27 stasiun dengan terminal di Battistini dan Anagnina.","translated_text":"This section has 27 stations with terminals at Battistini and Anagnina.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini ditandai dengan warna oranye.","translated_text":"This section is marked with orange.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Persetujuan diberikan untuk konstruksi jalur angkutan cepat kedua di Roma tahun 1959.","translated_text":"Approval was granted for the construction of a second high-speed freight line in Rome in 1959.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian ini kemudian disebut jalur A yang akan bersilangan dengan jalur angkutan cepat yang sudah ada, yang sekarang disebut jalur B.","translated_text":"This section was then called line A which would intersect with the existing rapid transit line, now called line B.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengerjaan pada jalur A dimulai tahun 1964 di daerah Tuscolana namun mengalami beberapa kali penundaan karena organisasi yang lemah.","translated_text":"Work on the A line began in 1964 in the Tuscolana area but was delayed several times due to weak organization.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, rencana metode konstruksi yang awalnya adalah potong dan tutup membuat masalah lalu lintas serius di bagian tenggara Roma.","translated_text":"Moreover, a construction method plan that was originally cut and closed created serious traffic problems in the southeastern part of Rome.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengerjaan angkutan cepat kemudian dihentikan dan dimulai lagi lima tahun kemudian, menggunakan terowongan yang di-bor yang sebagian menyelesaikan masalah kemacetan namun mengakibatkan beberapa klaim kompensasi karena getaran yang disebabkan mesin bor.","translated_text":"Fast freight work was then halted and resumed five years later, using drilled tunnels that partially resolved congestion problems but resulted in some compensation claims for vibration caused by drilling machines.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengerjaan juga sering terhenti karena penemuan arkeologi yang ditemukan dalam penggalian, umumnya di dekat Piazza della Repubblica.","translated_text":"Work is also often halted due to archaeological discoveries found in excavations, generally near Piazza della Repubblica.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur A akhirnya memasuki layanan pada bulan Februari 1980.","translated_text":"Line A finally entered service in February 1980.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhir dekade 1990-an jalur ini diperpanjang dari Ottaviano di Prati menuju Battistini ke barat.","translated_text":"In the late 1990s the line was extended from Ottaviano in Prati to Battistini to the west.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur lain yang dioperasikan oleh perusahaan angkutan cepat","translated_text":"Other routes operated by rapid transit companies","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Roma-Lido","translated_text":"The Roma-Lido","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pembangunan dari jalur Roma-Lido dimulai sesaat setelah akhir perang dunia I dan diselesaikan enam tahun kemudian pada tahun 1924.","translated_text":"Construction of the Rome-Lido line began shortly after the end of World War I and was completed six years later in 1924.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini mulai beroperasi dengan kereta uap namun pemasangan rel listrik selesai kurang dari satu tahun kemudian.","translated_text":"The line began operation with steam trains but the installation of the electric railway was completed less than a year later.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur ini saat ini dioperasikan sebagai bagian terintegrasi dengan sistem angkutan cepat, namun berada di permukaan tanah.","translated_text":"The line is currently operated as an integrated part of a rapid transit system, but is on the ground.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini berjalan dari stasiun Roma Porta San Paolo di sebelah stasiun jalur B Pyramide dan berjalan bersama dengan jalur B hingga EUR Magliana.","translated_text":"The line runs from the Roma station Porta San Paolo next to the Pyramide B line station and runs alongside the B line to EUR Magliana.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini kemudian berpisah menuju bagian tepi laut Ostia.","translated_text":"The trail then separates into the Ostia coastal section.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini berhenti di sebelah ujung dari Via Cristoforo Colombo.","translated_text":"This line stops at the end of the Via Cristoforo Colombo.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Roma-Giardinetti","translated_text":"Romanized by Giardinetti","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara resmi disebut sebagai jalur kereta api, jalur Roma-Giardinetti adalah jalur rel trem yang menghubungkan Laziali (aebuah stasiun kereta regional yang berjarak 800 meter dari jalur utama Termini) dengan Giardinetti ke timur untuk melewati Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA), Jalan raya lingkar di Roma.","translated_text":"Officially referred to as the railway line, the Roma-Giardinetti line is a tramway line connecting Laziali (a regional railway station 800 metres from the Termini main line) with Giardinetti to the east to pass the Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA), a circular highway in Rome.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini awalnya berjalan menuju Frosinone yang berjarak 137 km dari Roma, tetapi secara bertahap dikurangi panjangnya, yang paling akhir adalah bagian dari Giardinetti menuju Pantano, yang akan menjadi bagian permanen dari Jalur C, akhirnya dihentikan jalurnya.","translated_text":"The route initially ran to Frosinone which was 137 km from Rome, but gradually reduced in length, the last being part of Giardinetti to Pantano, which would become a permanent part of Route C, eventually ceasing its route.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo","translated_text":"Rome-Civita Castellana-Viterbo","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur Roma-Civita Castellana-Viterbo (kadang kala disebut jalur Roma-Nord line) memulai operasinya sebagai jalur trem yang berjalan dari Piazza della Libertà di Roma menuju Civita Castellana.","translated_text":"The Rome-Civita Castellana-Viterbo line (sometimes called the Rome-Nord line) began its operation as a tram line running from Piazza della Libertà in Rome to Civita Castellana.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, perpanjangan berikutnya dari jalur ini, menuju Viterbo, dibangun sebagai jalur kereta dan setelah satu tahun semua bagian trem diubah menjadi jalur kereta juga.","translated_text":"However, the next extension of this line, to Viterbo, was built as a railway line and after a year all the tram sections were converted to railway lines as well.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah proses yang akhirnya menyebabkan perpindahan terminal jalur di Roma dari stasiun permukaan di Piazza della Libertà menyeberangi sungai menuju stasiun bawah tanah baru di Piazzale Flaminio, di sebelah stasiun yang sedang dibangun untuk jalur A, setelah berakhirnya perang dunia II.","translated_text":"A process that eventually led to the transfer of the terminus of the line in Rome from the surface station in Piazza della Libertà across the river to the new underground station in Piazzale Flaminio, next to the station being built for the A line, after the end of World War II.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur ini saat ini beroperasi dalam dua moda: sebagai layanan urban dari Piazzale Flaminio menuju Montebello, dan sebagai layanan suburban dari Piazzale Flaminio menuju Viterbo.","translated_text":"The line currently operates in two modes: as an urban service from Piazzale Flaminio to Montebello, and as a suburban service from Piazzale Flaminio to Viterbo.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Layanan urban beroperasi dengan frekuensi sekitar sepuluh menit setiap kereta, sedangkan jalur suburban memiliki interval jauh lebih lama dengan kurang dari sepertiga kereta beroperasi secara penuh di seluruh jalur dari Roma menuju Viterbo selama dua setengah jam.","translated_text":"Urban services operate at a frequency of about ten minutes per train, while suburban lines have much longer intervals with less than a third of the trains operating fully along the entire route from Rome to Viterbo for two and a half hours.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prospek masa depan","translated_text":"Prospects for the Future","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur C","translated_text":"Line C","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Saat ini dalam pembangunan, jalur C direncanakan akan berjalan dari Grottarossa, utara Vatikan, menuju Pantano, sebelumnya maerupakan terminal dari jalur trem Roma-Gardinetti.","translated_text":"Currently under construction, line C is planned to run from Grottarossa, north of the Vatican, to the Pantano, formerly the terminus of the Rome-Gardinetti tramway.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur C adalah jalur angkutan cepat pertama yang jalurnya mencapai daerah luar Komuni Roma.","translated_text":"Line C was the first rapid transit line to reach areas outside the Roman Commune.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur C akan bersilangan dengan jalur A di Ottaviano di sebelah Vatikan dan di San Giovanni, dan dengan jalur B di Colosseum.","translated_text":"Line C will intersect with line A at Ottaviano next to the Vatican and at San Giovanni, and with line B at the Colosseum.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini juga akan bersilangan dengan jalur D di Piazza Venezia, menciptakan hub angkutan cepat kedua di Roma.","translated_text":"The line will also intersect with the D line on Piazza Venezia, creating the second fast transport hub in Rome.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahap satu dari jalur Cadalah yang terjauh dari pusat kota dan akan dibuka tahun 2011 dengan 15 dari rencana 30 stasiun yang masuk layanan dari Centocelle menuju Pantano.","translated_text":"Phase one of the Cadalah line is the furthest from the city centre and will open in 2011 with 15 of the 30 stations planned to enter service from Centocelle to Pantano.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahap dua akan memperpanjang jalur menuju Piazza Lodi dengan tambahan 6 stasiun dan direncanakan dibuka pada tahun 2012.","translated_text":"Phase two will extend the line to Piazza Lodi with an additional six stations and is planned to open in 2012.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahap ketiga dan terakhir akan menyelesaikan jalur tersebut dan akan dibuka tahun 2015.","translated_text":"The third and final phase will complete the line and will open in 2015.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[According to the [http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf Brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} of Romametropolitana, the body charged with planning and construction of the metro system.]","char_index":87,"name":null,"url":"http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1245,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.196368-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[According to the [http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf Brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} of Romametropolitana, the body charged with planning and construction of the metro system.]","char_index":87,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.660924-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Waktu tersebut dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu karena: Roma adalah salah satu kota tertua di dunia dan konstruksi dari sisitem angkutan cepat sering kali tertunda karena seringka penemuak arkeologi sewaktu penggalian.","translated_text":"The timing may change over time because: Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world and the construction of the rapid transit system is often delayed due to frequent archaeological discoveries during excavations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan pembangunan sistem angkutan cepat sendiri sering berada di bawah situs bersejarah, sehingga pembuatan tangga dan ventilasi udara sering sulit dilakukan.","translated_text":"The development of the rapid transit system itself is often under historic sites, so making stairs and air ventilation is often difficult.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kereta yang bekerja di jalur C akan benar-benar otomatis, dan akan menggunakan kereta AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro yang juga digunakan di Angkutan cepat Kopenhagen.","translated_text":"Trains operating on line C will be fully automated, and will use the AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro train which is also used in Copenhagen Rapid Transit.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jalur D","translated_text":"Line D","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pembangunan dari jalur D akan dimulai tahun 2011.","translated_text":"Construction of line D will begin in 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur D akan menghubungkan bagian timur laut kota Roma dengan EUR di bagian barat daya.","translated_text":"Line D will connect the northeastern part of the city of Rome with the EUR in the southwestern part.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur D akan berjalan sepanjang 22 km dengan 22 stasiun.","translated_text":"Line D will run for 22 km with 22 stations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini akan bersilangan dengan jalur A di Spagna, Jalur B dan jalur Roma-Lido di Eur Magliana, jalur B1 di Jonio, dan jalur C di Venezia.","translated_text":"The line will intersect with the A line in Spagna, the B line and the Roma-Lido line in Eur Magliana, the B1 line in Jonio, and the C line in Venezia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peta","translated_text":"The map","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Proposed Lines C & D Planned underground and suburban lines within 2020 Planned underground and suburban lines on 1986 Network map (real-distance)","translated_text":"Proposed Lines C & D Planned underground and suburban lines within 2020 Planned underground and suburban lines on 1986 Network map (real-distance)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lain-lain","translated_text":"The others.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Roma Metropolitane - Public transportations website The Public transport company of the city of Rome Rome's entry on the urban transport site Urban Rail Martin G. Conde, ROME – IMPERIAL FORA.","translated_text":"Rome Metropolitane - Public transportation website The Public transport company of the city of Rome Rome's entry on the urban transport site Urban Rail Martin G. Conde, ROME ⁇ IMPERIAL FORA.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314074012/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma3.htm |date=2011-03-14 }}","char_index":153,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110314074012/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma3.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.733262-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Velia Hill: Metro 'C' Archaeological Surveys (2006-2007).","translated_text":"The Velia Hill: Metro 'C' Archaeological Surveys (2006-2007).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"S10 (b1, b2, b3).","translated_text":"S10 (b1, b2, b3).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2006-2007)","translated_text":"(2006 to 2007)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Roma Roma","translated_text":"Categories: Transport in the city of Rome","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Tahap satu dari jalur Cadalah yang terjauh dari pusat kota dan akan dibuka tahun 2011 dengan 15 dari rencana 30 stasiun yang masuk layanan dari Centocelle menuju Pantano. Tahap dua akan memperpanjang jalur menuju Piazza Lodi dengan tambahan 6 stasiun dan direncanakan dibuka pada tahun 2012. Tahap ketiga dan terakhir akan menyelesaikan jalur tersebut dan akan dibuka tahun 2015.","translated_text":"Phase one of the Cadalah line is the furthest from the city centre and will open in 2011 with 15 of the 30 stations planned to enter service from Centocelle to Pantano. Phase two will extend the line to Piazza Lodi with an additional six stations and is planned to open in 2012. The third and final phase will complete the line and will open in 2015.","citations":[{"content":"[According to the [http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf Brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} of Romametropolitana, the body charged with planning and construction of the metro system.]","char_index":379,"name":null,"url":"http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1245,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.196368-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[According to the [http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf Brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} of Romametropolitana, the body charged with planning and construction of the metro system.]","char_index":379,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081031034239/http://www.romametropolitane.it/Brochure%202007%20ing.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.660924-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Roma Metropolitane - Public transportations website The Public transport company of the city of Rome Rome's entry on the urban transport site Urban Rail Martin G. Conde, ROME – IMPERIAL FORA.","translated_text":"Rome Metropolitane - Public transportation website The Public transport company of the city of Rome Rome's entry on the urban transport site Urban Rail Martin G. Conde, ROME ⁇ IMPERIAL FORA.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314074012/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma3.htm |date=2011-03-14 }}","char_index":153,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110314074012/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/rom/roma3.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.733262-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Metro Catania","wikicode":"{{Infobox Public transit|name=Catania Metro|image=Logo metropolitana di Catania.svg|imagesize=50px|locale=[[Catania]]|transit_type=[[Rapid transit]]|began_operation=1999|ended_operation=|system_length={{km to mi|8.8|abbr=yes|precision=1}}|lines=1|vehicles=|stations=11|ridership=|track_gauge=|reporting marks=|operator=Ferrovia Circumetnea|owner=}}\n\n'''Metropolitana di Catania''' (disingkat Metro Catania) adalah sistem kereta dalam kota yang melayani kota [[Catania]] di [[Sisilia]], [[Italia]] Selatan. Jalur ini beroperasi sejak 27 juni 1999 dan terdiri dari satu jalur sepanjang 8,8 km.[{{Cite web|url=http://catania.mobilita.org/opere/metropolitana-di-catania-storia-e-sviluppi-futuri/|title=Metropolitana di Catania: storia e sviluppi futuri|date=2018-10-04|website=Mobilita Catania|language=it-IT|access-date=2019-01-16}}] Jalur ini berada di bawah tanah pada sebagian besar jalurnya (antara stasiun Borgo dan Galatea). Frekuensi dibatasi setiap 15 menit karena sebagian besar jalurnya adalah jalur tunggal (antara stasiun Galatea dan Porto), sedangkan kereta apinya beroperasi secara bergantian.\n\n== Sejarah pembangunan ==\n\nBagian dari jalur antara stasiun Borgo dan F.S. Centrale awalnya berbasisi pada jalur rel regional [[narrow-gauge]] [[Ferrovia Circumetnea|Circumetnea]] yang dibangun tahun[[1895]]. Jalur ini diubah menjadi [[standard gauge]] dan diubah dalam jalur bawah tanah kecuali untuk bagian rute yang berada di pantai yang tetap di permukaan. Perpanjangan rel yang lain adalah ke selatan dari F.S. Centrale (Stasiun pusat dari Catania) ke stasiun Porto, di pelabuhan kota. Terminal awal Circumetnea di F.S. Centrale dipindah ke Borgo.\n\nMetropolitana dan Circumetnea beroperasi dalam satu perusahaan, yang berkantor di Catania Borgo.\n\n== Status saat ini dan pengembangan ==\n\n[[Berkas:Catania mappa metropolitana.svg|300px|jmpl|ka|Diagram akurat dari Catania Metro]]\n\nMetro saat ini dalam kesulitan karena rendahnya jumlah penumpang, dikarenakan rute tidak melewati pusat kota dan tidak menjangkau banyak destinasi populer. Alasan lain adalah terbatasnya frekuensi satu kereta setiap 15 menit, karena keberadaan jalur tunggal.\n\nSebuah perpanjangan terhadap sistem mendapat lampu hijau pada 30 Maret 2006. Dimana dibuat cabang dari Galatea menuju bagian baramelewati pusat kota, yang akan mencapai [[Bandar Udara Catania-Fontanarossa]] menuju selatan [http://web.tiscali.it/andreacatania/catania/metro.html]. Solusi ini dipilih untuk menghubungkan bandar udara menuju stasiun baru di jalur Catania-[[Syracuse, Sisilia|Siracusa]], yang berjalan melewati bandara dan menjadi bagian jaringan rel nasional. Stasiun bawah tanah baru di Piazza Giovanni XXIII dan Piazza Stesicoro, di antara yang lain, akan melayani pusat kota.\n\nPerpanjangan lain, menuju barat dari terminal saat ini di Borgo, menggunakan jalur kanan dari Circumetnea, sedang dalam pembangunan menuju Nesima, hingga bagian barat laut batas kota.\n\nDirencanakan akan selesai dan masuk pelayanan dari Piazza Stesicono sampai dengan Nesima antara akhir tahun 2010 dan awal tahun 2011.\n\n=== Daftar stasiun Catania metro ===\n\n* Nesima\n* San Nullo\n* Cibali\n* Milo\n* Borgo\n* Giuffrida\n* Italia\n* Galatea\n* Giovanni XXIII\n* Stesicoro\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://urbanrail.net/eu/cat/catania.htm Page about the Metro of Catania at UrbanRail.Net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108052117/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/cat/catania.htm |date=2011-01-08 }}\n\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Italia]]","hash":"fc7540c9926a8dde0d66d29481be00a46a80b33409aaad83b0e37b5eba905c99","last_revision":"2023-12-08T05:44:03Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T13:19:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.279564","cross_lingual_links":{"bn":"কাতানিয়া মেট্রো","cs":"Metro v Katánii","de":"Metropolitana di Catania","el":"Μετρό της Κατάνια","en":"Catania Metro","eo":"Metroo de Katanio","es":"Metro de Catania","eu":"Cataniako metroa","fa":"متروی کاتانیا","fr":"Métro de Catane","hu":"Cataniai metró","it":"Metropolitana di Catania","ja":"カターニア地下鉄","ka":"კატანიის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"카타니아 지하철","lmo":"Metropolitana de Catania","lt":"Katanijos metropolitenas","mt":"Metro Katanja","nl":"Metro van Catania","pl":"Metro w Katanii","pt":"Metro de Catânia","ru":"Метрополитен Катании","scn":"Metropulitana di Catania","sv":"Catanias tunnelbana","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินกาตาเนีย","tr":"Katanya Metrosu","uk":"Катанський метрополітен","uz":"Kataniya metropoliteni","wuu":"卡塔尼亚地铁","zh":"卡塔尼亚地铁"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Metropolitana di Catania (disingkat Metro Catania) adalah sistem kereta dalam kota yang melayani kota Catania di Sisilia, Italia Selatan. Jalur ini beroperasi sejak 27 juni 1999 dan terdiri dari satu jalur sepanjang 8,8 km. Jalur ini berada di bawah tanah pada sebagian besar jalurnya (antara stasiun Borgo dan Galatea). Frekuensi dibatasi setiap 15 menit karena sebagian besar jalurnya adalah jalur tunggal (antara stasiun Galatea dan Porto), sedangkan kereta apinya beroperasi secara bergantian.\n\nBagian dari jalur antara stasiun Borgo dan F.S. Centrale awalnya berbasisi pada jalur rel regional narrow-gauge Circumetnea yang dibangun tahun1895. Jalur ini diubah menjadi standard gauge dan diubah dalam jalur bawah tanah kecuali untuk bagian rute yang berada di pantai yang tetap di permukaan. Perpanjangan rel yang lain adalah ke selatan dari F.S. Centrale (Stasiun pusat dari Catania) ke stasiun Porto, di pelabuhan kota. Terminal awal Circumetnea di F.S. Centrale dipindah ke Borgo.\n\nMetropolitana dan Circumetnea beroperasi dalam satu perusahaan, yang berkantor di Catania Borgo.\n\nMetro saat ini dalam kesulitan karena rendahnya jumlah penumpang, dikarenakan rute tidak melewati pusat kota dan tidak menjangkau banyak destinasi populer. Alasan lain adalah terbatasnya frekuensi satu kereta setiap 15 menit, karena keberadaan jalur tunggal.\n\nSebuah perpanjangan terhadap sistem mendapat lampu hijau pada 30 Maret 2006. Dimana dibuat cabang dari Galatea menuju bagian baramelewati pusat kota, yang akan mencapai Bandar Udara Catania-Fontanarossa menuju selatan . Solusi ini dipilih untuk menghubungkan bandar udara menuju stasiun baru di jalur Catania-Siracusa, yang berjalan melewati bandara dan menjadi bagian jaringan rel nasional. Stasiun bawah tanah baru di Piazza Giovanni XXIII dan Piazza Stesicoro, di antara yang lain, akan melayani pusat kota.\n\nPerpanjangan lain, menuju barat dari terminal saat ini di Borgo, menggunakan jalur kanan dari Circumetnea, sedang dalam pembangunan menuju Nesima, hingga bagian barat laut batas kota.\n\nDirencanakan akan selesai dan masuk pelayanan dari Piazza Stesicono sampai dengan Nesima antara akhir tahun 2010 dan awal tahun 2011.\n\nNesima San Nullo Cibali Milo Borgo Giuffrida Italia Galatea Giovanni XXIII Stesicoro\n\nPage about the Metro of Catania at UrbanRail.Net\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Italia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit|name=Catania Metro|image=Logo metropolitana di Catania.svg|imagesize=50px|locale=[[Catania]]|transit_type=[[Rapid transit]]|began_operation=1999|ended_operation=|system_length={{km to mi|8.8|abbr=yes|precision=1}}|lines=1|vehicles=|stations=11|ridership=|track_gauge=|reporting marks=|operator=Ferrovia Circumetnea|owner=}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metropolitana di Catania (disingkat Metro Catania) adalah sistem kereta dalam kota yang melayani kota Catania di Sisilia, Italia Selatan.","translated_text":"The Metropolitana di Catania (abbreviated Metro Catania) is an urban railway system serving the city of Catania in Sicily, Southern Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini beroperasi sejak 27 juni 1999 dan terdiri dari satu jalur sepanjang 8,8 km.","translated_text":"The line has been operating since 27 June 1999 and consists of a single line of 8.8 km in length.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://catania.mobilita.org/opere/metropolitana-di-catania-storia-e-sviluppi-futuri/|title=Metropolitana di Catania: storia e sviluppi futuri|date=2018-10-04|website=Mobilita Catania|language=it-IT|access-date=2019-01-16}}]","char_index":85,"name":null,"url":"http://catania.mobilita.org/opere/metropolitana-di-catania-storia-e-sviluppi-futuri/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":164851,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.804439-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92626953125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini berada di bawah tanah pada sebagian besar jalurnya (antara stasiun Borgo dan Galatea).","translated_text":"The line is underground on most of its tracks (between Borgo and Galatea stations).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Frekuensi dibatasi setiap 15 menit karena sebagian besar jalurnya adalah jalur tunggal (antara stasiun Galatea dan Porto), sedangkan kereta apinya beroperasi secara bergantian.","translated_text":"The frequency is limited to every 15 minutes as most of the tracks are single tracks (between Galatea and Porto stations), while the light rail operates alternately.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah pembangunan","translated_text":"The history of development","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bagian dari jalur antara stasiun Borgo dan F.S. Centrale awalnya berbasisi pada jalur rel regional narrow-gauge Circumetnea yang dibangun tahun1895.","translated_text":"Part of the line between Borgo station and F.S. Centrale was originally based on the Circumetnea regional narrow-gauge railway line built in 1895.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini diubah menjadi standard gauge dan diubah dalam jalur bawah tanah kecuali untuk bagian rute yang berada di pantai yang tetap di permukaan.","translated_text":"The line was converted to standard gauge and converted into an underground line except for the part of the route that is on the shore that remains on the surface.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perpanjangan rel yang lain adalah ke selatan dari F.S. Centrale (Stasiun pusat dari Catania) ke stasiun Porto, di pelabuhan kota.","translated_text":"Another extension of the railway is to the south from the F.S. Centrale (Central Station of Catania) to Porto station, in the city port.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terminal awal Circumetnea di F.S. Centrale dipindah ke Borgo.","translated_text":"The initial terminal of Circumetnea at F.S. Centrale was moved to Borgo.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metropolitana dan Circumetnea beroperasi dalam satu perusahaan, yang berkantor di Catania Borgo.","translated_text":"Metropolitana and Circumetnea operate in a single company, headquartered in Catania Borgo.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Status saat ini dan pengembangan","translated_text":"Current status and development","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metro saat ini dalam kesulitan karena rendahnya jumlah penumpang, dikarenakan rute tidak melewati pusat kota dan tidak menjangkau banyak destinasi populer.","translated_text":"The metro is currently in difficulty due to the low number of passengers, as the route does not pass through the city center and does not reach many popular destinations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alasan lain adalah terbatasnya frekuensi satu kereta setiap 15 menit, karena keberadaan jalur tunggal.","translated_text":"Another reason is the limited frequency of one train every 15 minutes, due to the existence of a single track.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebuah perpanjangan terhadap sistem mendapat lampu hijau pada 30 Maret 2006.","translated_text":"An extension to the system received the green light on March 30, 2006.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dimana dibuat cabang dari Galatea menuju bagian baramelewati pusat kota, yang akan mencapai Bandar Udara Catania-Fontanarossa menuju selatan .","translated_text":"Where a branch is made from Galatea towards the baramelevi section of the city centre, which will reach Catania-Fontanarossa Airport towards the south.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Solusi ini dipilih untuk menghubungkan bandar udara menuju stasiun baru di jalur Catania-Siracusa, yang berjalan melewati bandara dan menjadi bagian jaringan rel nasional.","translated_text":"This solution was chosen to connect the airport to a new station on the Catania-Siracusa line, which runs through the airport and becomes part of the national rail network.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Stasiun bawah tanah baru di Piazza Giovanni XXIII dan Piazza Stesicoro, di antara yang lain, akan melayani pusat kota.","translated_text":"The new underground stations at Piazza Giovanni XXIII and Piazza Stesicoro, among others, will serve the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Perpanjangan lain, menuju barat dari terminal saat ini di Borgo, menggunakan jalur kanan dari Circumetnea, sedang dalam pembangunan menuju Nesima, hingga bagian barat laut batas kota.","translated_text":"Another extension, to the west of the current terminal at Borgo, using the right-of-way from Circumetnea, is under construction towards Nesima, to the northwest part of the city limits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Direncanakan akan selesai dan masuk pelayanan dari Piazza Stesicono sampai dengan Nesima antara akhir tahun 2010 dan awal tahun 2011.","translated_text":"It is planned to be completed and put into service from Piazza Stesicono to Nesima between late 2010 and early 2011.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar stasiun Catania metro","translated_text":"List of Catania metro stations","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nesima San Nullo Cibali Milo Borgo Giuffrida Italia Galatea Giovanni XXIII Stesicoro","translated_text":"He is also the founder of the Italian Art Nouveau movement.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Page about the Metro of Catania at UrbanRail.Net","translated_text":"Page about the Metro of Catania at UrbanRail.Net","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108052117/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/cat/catania.htm |date=2011-01-08 }}","char_index":48,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110108052117/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/cat/catania.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:20.863543-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Italia","translated_text":"Category:Transports in Italy","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Metropolitana di Catania (disingkat Metro Catania) adalah sistem kereta dalam kota yang melayani kota Catania di Sisilia, Italia Selatan. Jalur ini beroperasi sejak 27 juni 1999 dan terdiri dari satu jalur sepanjang 8,8 km.","translated_text":"The Metropolitana di Catania (abbreviated Metro Catania) is an urban railway system serving the city of Catania in Sicily, Southern Italy. The line has been operating since 27 June 1999 and consists of a single line of 8.8 km in length.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web|url=http://catania.mobilita.org/opere/metropolitana-di-catania-storia-e-sviluppi-futuri/|title=Metropolitana di Catania: storia e sviluppi futuri|date=2018-10-04|website=Mobilita Catania|language=it-IT|access-date=2019-01-16}}]","char_index":223,"name":null,"url":"http://catania.mobilita.org/opere/metropolitana-di-catania-storia-e-sviluppi-futuri/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":164851,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:19.804439-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92626953125}]},{"text":"Page about the Metro of Catania at UrbanRail.Net","translated_text":"Page about the Metro of Catania at UrbanRail.Net","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108052117/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/cat/catania.htm |date=2011-01-08 }}","char_index":48,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110108052117/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/cat/catania.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:20.863543-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Metro Genova","wikicode":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Angkutan cepat di Genova\n|image = Genova mappa metropolitana.svg\n|imagesize = \n|locale = [[Genova|Genoa]], [[Italia]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 1990\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|5.3|abbr=yes|precision=1}}\n|lines = 1\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 7\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} ([[standard gauge]])\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = \n|owner =\n}}\n\n'''Angkutan cepat di Genova''' (''Metropolitana di Genova'') adalah jalur kereta api ringan dalam kota yang terdiri dari satu jalur yang menghubungkan pusat kota [[Genova|Genoa]] dengan daerah pinggiran [[Rivarolo Ligure]], menuju bagian barat laut pusat kota. Jalur ini dikoordinasikan oleh '''Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti''', yang menyediakan transportasi umum bagi kota Genoa, [[Italia]].\n\nJalur ini adalah jalur ganda sepanjang 5 km dialiri listrik sebesar 750 volt DC. Jalur ini memiliki hubungan langsung dengan stasiun bawah tanah pinggiran di bawah jalur utama stasiun [[Trenitalia]], ''Principe''. Bagian pertama yang dibuka adalah bagian sepanjang {{convert|2.6|km|mi|adj=on}} antara stasiun Brin dan Dinegro, dibuka pada 13 Juni 1990,[''Modern Tramway and Light Rail Transit'', October 1990, p. 354. [[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan Ltd.]]/[[Light Rail Transit Association]].] saat dilaksanakannya [[Piala Dunia FIFA 1990]]. Jalur ini diperpanjang menuju Principe tahun 1992, menuju San Giorgio-Caricamento tahun 2003 dan menuju De Ferrari tahun 2005.\n\n== Stasiun ==\n[[Berkas:Genova_mappa_metropolitana.svg|jmpl|ka|320px|Rute Metro, warna biru adalah jalur masa depan.]]\n\nStasiun berikut adalah stasiun yang sedang beroperasi:\n\n* '''Brin-Certosa'''\n* '''Dinegro'''\n* '''[[Principe]]'''\n* '''Darsena'''\n* '''San Giorgio-Caricamento'''\n* '''Sant'Agostino-Sarzano'''\n* '''De Ferrari'''\n\n== Pengerjaan baru ==\nJalur yang ada saat ini diperpanjang ke timur menuju [[Brignole]] (Stasiun utama Genoa lainnya, di bagian paling timur pusat kota). Jalur ini diharapkan selesai pada tahun 2012 di Stasiun Brignole.\n\n== Layanan Suburban ==\n[[Trenitalia]] juga menyediakan layanan suburban dalam jalur utama mereka.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{metro-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Genova]]\n[[Kategori:Angkutan cepat di Italia|Genova]]","hash":"c7fea78fa4068d4c40eab8e38095ae13dd9eb871c16751425378060d3f1d0f73","last_revision":"2022-10-07T22:33:06Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T13:30:20Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.331348","cross_lingual_links":{"be":"Метрапалітэн Генуі","be-x-old":"Генуэскі мэтрапалітэн","bn":"জেনোয়া মেট্রো","cs":"Metro v Janově","de":"Metropolitana di Genova","en":"Genoa Metro","eo":"Metroo de Ĝenovo","es":"Metro de Génova","eu":"Genovako metroa","fa":"متروی جنوا","fr":"Métro de Gênes","hu":"Genovai metró","it":"Metropolitana di Genova","ja":"ジェノヴァ地下鉄","ka":"გენუ��ს მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"제노바 지하철","lmo":"Metropolitana de Genoa","lt":"Genujos metropolitenas","mt":"Metro ta’ Genova","nl":"Metro van Genua","pl":"Metro w Genui","pt":"Metrô de Gênova","ru":"Генуэзский метрополитен","sr":"Ђеновски метро","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินเจนัว","tr":"Cenova Metrosu","uk":"Генуезький метрополітен","uz":"Genuya metropoliteni","wuu":"热那亚地铁","zh":"熱那亞地鐵"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Angkutan cepat di Genova (Metropolitana di Genova) adalah jalur kereta api ringan dalam kota yang terdiri dari satu jalur yang menghubungkan pusat kota Genoa dengan daerah pinggiran Rivarolo Ligure, menuju bagian barat laut pusat kota. Jalur ini dikoordinasikan oleh Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti, yang menyediakan transportasi umum bagi kota Genoa, Italia.\n\nJalur ini adalah jalur ganda sepanjang 5 km dialiri listrik sebesar 750 volt DC. Jalur ini memiliki hubungan langsung dengan stasiun bawah tanah pinggiran di bawah jalur utama stasiun Trenitalia, Principe. Bagian pertama yang dibuka adalah bagian sepanjang antara stasiun Brin dan Dinegro, dibuka pada 13 Juni 1990, saat dilaksanakannya Piala Dunia FIFA 1990. Jalur ini diperpanjang menuju Principe tahun 1992, menuju San Giorgio-Caricamento tahun 2003 dan menuju De Ferrari tahun 2005.\n\nStasiun berikut adalah stasiun yang sedang beroperasi:\n\nBrin-Certosa Dinegro Principe Darsena San Giorgio-Caricamento Sant'Agostino-Sarzano De Ferrari\n\nJalur yang ada saat ini diperpanjang ke timur menuju Brignole (Stasiun utama Genoa lainnya, di bagian paling timur pusat kota). Jalur ini diharapkan selesai pada tahun 2012 di Stasiun Brignole.\n\nTrenitalia juga menyediakan layanan suburban dalam jalur utama mereka.\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Genova Genova\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Public transit\n|name = Angkutan cepat di Genova\n|image = Genova mappa metropolitana.svg\n|imagesize = \n|locale = [[Genova|Genoa]], [[Italia]]\n|transit_type = [[Angkutan cepat]]\n|began_operation = 1990\n|ended_operation = \n|system_length = {{km to mi|5.3|abbr=yes|precision=1}}\n|lines = 1\n|vehicles =\n|stations = 7\n|ridership = \n|track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}} ([[standard gauge]])\n|reporting marks = \n|operator = \n|owner =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Angkutan cepat di Genova (Metropolitana di Genova) adalah jalur kereta api ringan dalam kota yang terdiri dari satu jalur yang menghubungkan pusat kota Genoa dengan daerah pinggiran Rivarolo Ligure, menuju bagian barat laut pusat kota.","translated_text":"Rapid transit in Genoa (Metropolitana di Genova) is an inner-city light railway line consisting of a single line connecting the city centre of Genoa with the suburb of Rivarolo Ligure, towards the northwestern part of the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini dikoordinasikan oleh Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti, yang menyediakan transportasi umum bagi kota Genoa, Italia.","translated_text":"The route is coordinated by Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti, which provides public transport for the city of Genoa, Italy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur ini adalah jalur ganda sepanjang 5 km dialiri listrik sebesar 750 volt DC.","translated_text":"The line is a five-kilometre dual carriageway powered by 750 volts DC.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini memiliki hubungan langsung dengan stasiun bawah tanah pinggiran di bawah jalur utama stasiun Trenitalia, Principe.","translated_text":"The line has a direct connection to the suburban underground station under the main line of Trenitalia station, Principe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian pertama yang dibuka adalah bagian sepanjang antara stasiun Brin dan Dinegro, dibuka pada 13 Juni 1990, saat dilaksanakannya Piala Dunia FIFA 1990.","translated_text":"The first section to be opened was the section along the line between Brin and Dinegro stations, opened on 13 June 1990, during the 1990 FIFA World Cup.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[''Modern Tramway and Light Rail Transit'', October 1990, p. 354. [[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan Ltd.]]/[[Light Rail Transit Association]].]","char_index":109,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini diperpanjang menuju Principe tahun 1992, menuju San Giorgio-Caricamento tahun 2003 dan menuju De Ferrari tahun 2005.","translated_text":"The line was extended to Principe in 1992, to San Giorgio-Caricamento in 2003 and to De Ferrari in 2005.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Stasiun","translated_text":"Station","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Stasiun berikut adalah stasiun yang sedang beroperasi:","translated_text":"The following stations are in operation:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Brin","translated_text":"Brin","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Certosa Dinegro Principe Darsena San Giorgio-Caricamento Sant'Agostino-Sarzano De Ferrari","translated_text":"It's called the \"Certosa Dinegro Principe Darsena San Giorgio-Caricamento Sant'Agostino-Sarzano de Ferrari\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengerjaan baru","translated_text":"New work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jalur yang ada saat ini diperpanjang ke timur menuju Brignole (Stasiun utama Genoa lainnya, di bagian paling timur pusat kota).","translated_text":"The existing line was extended eastwards to Brignole (another major station of Genoa, in the easternmost part of the city centre).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini diharapkan selesai pada tahun 2012 di Stasiun Brignole.","translated_text":"The line is expected to be completed in 2012 at Brignole Station.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Layanan Suburban","translated_text":"Suburban services","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Trenitalia juga menyediakan layanan suburban dalam jalur utama mereka.","translated_text":"Trenitalia also provides suburban services on their main lines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Genova Genova","translated_text":"Categories: Transportation in the city of Genoa","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Jalur ini adalah jalur ganda sepanjang 5 km dialiri listrik sebesar 750 volt DC. Jalur ini memiliki hubungan langsung dengan stasiun bawah tanah pinggiran di bawah jalur utama stasiun Trenitalia, Principe. Bagian pertama yang dibuka adalah bagian sepanjang antara stasiun Brin dan Dinegro, dibuka pada 13 Juni 1990, saat dilaksanakannya Piala Dunia FIFA 1990.","translated_text":"The line is a five-kilometre dual carriageway powered by 750 volts DC. The line has a direct connection to the suburban underground station under the main line of Trenitalia station, Principe. The first section to be opened was the section along the line between Brin and Dinegro stations, opened on 13 June 1990, during the 1990 FIFA World Cup.","citations":[{"content":"[''Modern Tramway and Light Rail Transit'', October 1990, p. 354. [[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan Ltd.]]/[[Light Rail Transit Association]].]","char_index":315,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Aqueduct","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Akuaduk]]","hash":"033a9ee13263011f779bc6c5dc1705044ef6e7344dcc841d0995ae5a4f9769d3","last_revision":"2023-01-28T07:11:17Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T13:39:39Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.390826","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Akuaduk\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Akuaduk","translated_text":"When I Bow","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Turin Metro","wikicode":"{{noref}}\n'''Metropolitana di Torino (Turin Metro)''' adalah sistem metro berpenggerak roda karet yang menghubungkan pusat kota [[Torino|Turin]], Italia, dengan kota tetangga [[Collegno]]. Jalur ini dioperasikan oleh Gruppo Trasporti Torinesi (GTT), sebuah perusahaan publik yang dikontrol oleh kota Turin. Bagian pertama sistem ini, dikenal sebagai Linea 1, memiliki 14 stasiun, dan menghubungkan stasiun Fermi di Collegno dengan [[stasiun kereta api]] Torino Porta Nuova di pusat kota.\n\nJAlur ini dibuka pada 4 Februari 2006 sebelum [[Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2006]], dengan perpanjangan terakhir dari stasiun kereta api [[Porta Susa]] menuju Porta Nuova dibuka pada 5 Oktober 2007.\n\n[[Kategori:Transportasi di Italia]]\n\n\n{{metro-stub}}","hash":"348964fed803b47e0ed9af9aa7a1b03dff736d3076180a1382661bade2c03500","last_revision":"2023-02-04T10:09:48Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T13:42:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.443467","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Метро��олитен на Торино","cs":"Metro v Turíně","de":"Metropolitana di Torino","en":"Turin Metro","eo":"Metroo de Torino","es":"Metro de Turín","eu":"Turingo metroa","fa":"متروی تورین","fi":"Torinon metro","fr":"Métro de Turin","hu":"Torinói metró","it":"Metropolitana di Torino","ja":"トリノ地下鉄","ka":"ტურინის მეტროპოლიტენი","ko":"토리노 지하철","lmo":"Metropolitana de Turin","lt":"Turino metropolitenas","mt":"Metro ta’ Turin","nl":"Metro van Turijn","nb":"Torinos metro","oc":"Mètro de Turin","pl":"Metro w Turynie","pms":"Metropolitan-a ëd Turin","pt":"Metrô de Turim","ro":"Metroul din Torino","ru":"Туринский метрополитен","sr":"Торински метро","th":"รถไฟใต้ดินตูริน","tr":"Torino Metrosu","uk":"Туринський метрополітен","uz":"Turin metropoliteni","wuu":"都灵地铁","zh":"都灵地铁"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Metropolitana di Torino (Turin Metro) adalah sistem metro berpenggerak roda karet yang menghubungkan pusat kota Turin, Italia, dengan kota tetangga Collegno. Jalur ini dioperasikan oleh Gruppo Trasporti Torinesi (GTT), sebuah perusahaan publik yang dikontrol oleh kota Turin. Bagian pertama sistem ini, dikenal sebagai Linea 1, memiliki 14 stasiun, dan menghubungkan stasiun Fermi di Collegno dengan stasiun kereta api Torino Porta Nuova di pusat kota.\n\nJAlur ini dibuka pada 4 Februari 2006 sebelum Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2006, dengan perpanjangan terakhir dari stasiun kereta api Porta Susa menuju Porta Nuova dibuka pada 5 Oktober 2007.\n\nKategori:Transportasi di Italia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metropolitana di Torino (Turin Metro) adalah sistem metro berpenggerak roda karet yang menghubungkan pusat kota Turin, Italia, dengan kota tetangga Collegno.","translated_text":"The Metropolitana di Torino (Turin Metro) is a rubber-wheel-drive metro system that connects downtown Turin, Italy, with the neighboring city of Collegno.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jalur ini dioperasikan oleh Gruppo Trasporti Torinesi (GTT), sebuah perusahaan publik yang dikontrol oleh kota Turin.","translated_text":"The line is operated by Gruppo Trasporti Torinesi (GTT), a public company controlled by the city of Turin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagian pertama sistem ini, dikenal sebagai Linea 1, memiliki 14 stasiun, dan menghubungkan stasiun Fermi di Collegno dengan stasiun kereta api Torino Porta Nuova di pusat kota.","translated_text":"The first part of the system, known as Line 1, has 14 stations, and connects Fermi station in Collegno with Torino Porta Nuova railway station in the city centre.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"JAlur ini dibuka pada 4 Februari 2006 sebelum Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2006, dengan perpanjangan terakhir dari stasiun kereta api Porta Susa menuju Porta Nuova dibuka pada 5 Oktober 2007.","translated_text":"The track opened on 4 February 2006 ahead of the 2006 Winter Olympics, with the last extension from Porta Susa railway station to Porta Nuova opening on 5 October 2007.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Transportasi di Italia","translated_text":"Category:Transports in Italy","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Colosseum","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Koloseum]]","hash":"51571de488630dbb0eaff16c29f72b3da39af1440b838c006fced3cb2a38d95d","last_revision":"2010-10-28T13:47:19Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T13:47:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.495746","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Koloseum\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Koloseum","translated_text":"The Colosseum","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Pagoda Shwedagon","wikicode":"{{Infobox Historic building\n|image=Shwedagon-Pano.jpg\n|caption =Stupa Shwedagon\n|name=Shwedagon\n|map_type=\n|map_size=\n|latitude=\n|longitude=\n|location_town= [[Yangon]]\n|location_country=[[Myanmar]]\n|architect=Raja Okkalapa\n|client=\n|engineer=\n|construction_start_date=\n|completion_date= sekitar Abad VI-X Masehi \n|date_demolished=\n|cost=\n|structural_system=\n|style=[[stupa]] dan [[pagoda]]\n|size=\n}}\n\n'''Pagoda Shwedagon''' ({{lang-mnw|ကျာ်ဒဂုၚ်}}; {{MYname|MY=ရွှေတိဂုံဘုရား|MLCTS=hrwe ti. gum bhu. ra}}), nama resmi '''''Shwedagon Zedi Daw''''' ({{lang-my|ရွှေတိဂုံစေတီတော်}}, {{lit|'Pagoda Dagon Emas'}}), adalah sebuah [[stupa]] atau [[pagoda]] setinggi 98 meter (321,5 kaki) yang berlapis [[emas]] dan terletak di [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]. Pagoda ini terletak di bagian barat Danau Kandawgyi, di bukit Singuttara, dan mendominasi pemandangan kota Yangon. Stupa [[Buddhis]] ini adalah yang paling suci bagi bangsa Burma karena menyimpan relik [[Buddha]] terdahulu, yaitu tongkat Kakusandha, saringan air Konagamana, sepotong jubah Kassapa, dan delapan helai rambut [[Siddharta Gautama]].\n\n== Galeri ==\n\nImage:ShwedagonIMG 7642.JPG|Penganut buddha memuliakan Triratna\nImage:ShwedagonIMG 7656.JPG|Buddha giok\nImage:ShwedagonIMG 7662.JPG|Arca Buddha\nImage:IMG TharrawaddyBell.JPG|Genta Maha Tissada Gandha\nImage:Shwedagon Pagoda complex.jpg|Kompleks Shwedagon setelah Perang Dunia II\nImage:ShwedagonPagoda.jpg|Shwedagon, hutan pagoda\nImage:Shwedagon-Pano-39314.jpg|Pemandangan panorama\n\n\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n* {{cite book|author=Martin, Steve|title=Lonely Planet Myanmar (Burma)|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmyan00stev|publisher=Lonely Planet Publications|year=2002|isbn=1-74059-190-9}}\n* {{cite book|author=Elliot, Mark|title=South-East Asia: The Graphic Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/southeastasiagra0000elli|publisher=Trailblazer Publications|year=2003|isbn=1-873756-67-4}}\n* {{cite book|author=Win Pe|title=Shwedagon|publisher=Printing and Publishing Corporation, Rangoon|year=1972}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commonscat|Shwedagon pagoda}}\n* [http://www.shwedagonpagoda.com Official Website of the Shwedagon Pagoda for the Shwedagon Pagoda Board of Trustees]\n* [http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Burmese/legends/Legends/Shwedagon/shwedagon1.htm The Legend of Shwedagon by Khin Myo Chit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311061328/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Burmese/legends/Legends/Shwedagon/shwedagon1.htm |date=2007-03-11 }}\n* [http://www.myanmar-image.com/newmenu/shwedagon/ Excellent Pictures on the terrace, aerial and in early 19th century Paintings and a Brief History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223062321/http://www.myanmar-image.com/newmenu/shwedagon/ |date=2007-02-23 }}\n* [http://www.shwedagon.org/index.php Myanmar Shwedagon Pagoda website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210131037/http://www.shwedagon.org/index.php |date=2007-02-10 }}\n* [http://www.myanmartravelinformation.com/mti-yangon/shwedagon.htm/ Visitor information on Shwedagon Pagoda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208051421/http://myanmartravelinformation.com/mti-yangon/shwedagon.htm |date=2007-02-08 }}\n* [http://www.geopium.org/Photos/ASE2005/photosASE2005buddhism.htm Photos of Shwedagon Pagoda on Geopium.org]\n* [http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;sid=7bed782c84f9384d489525bd8473efe6;rgn=full%20text;idno=sea341;view=image;seq=110 ''My Child-life in Burmah'' by Olive Jennie Bixby 1880 recollections of a missionary's daughter: inc. detailed description of King Mindon's new ''hti'' being erected, pp 111]\n* [http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/K/KiplingRudyard/prose/FromSeaToSea/seatosea_II.html Rudyard Kipling's description of Shwedagon Pagoda in 1889] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312033433/http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/K/KiplingRudyard/prose/FromSeaToSea/seatosea_II.html |date=2007-03-12 }}\n* [http://www.canal-u.tv/producteurs/cerimes/dossier_programmes/conferences_de_l_efeo_ecole_francaise_d_extreme_orient/refashioning_space_the_shwedagon_in_british_burma_myanmar Elizabeth Moore conference ''the shwedagon in british burma myanmar''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305004419/http://www.canal-u.tv/producteurs/cerimes/dossier_programmes/conferences_de_l_efeo_ecole_francaise_d_extreme_orient/refashioning_space_the_shwedagon_in_british_burma_myanmar |date=2012-03-05 }}\n* [http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;view=toc;subview=short;idno=sea282 Lt. J.E. Alexander's account, 1827, p. 153]\n* [http://burma-tom.de/Burma-Rangun/Burma-Rangun-Schwedagon_Pagode.shtml Shwedagon Pagoda Photo Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501065422/http://burma-tom.de/Burma-Rangun/Burma-Rangun-Schwedagon_Pagode.shtml |date=2011-05-01 }}\n* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zk_2e5CQDrQ&mode=user&search= ''Myanmar: Time to say hell''o YouTube]\n* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=%22shwedagon+pagoda%22&hl=en&safe=off&ie=UTF8&ll=16.798759,96.149517&spn=0.003564,0.005021&t=k&z=18&om=1 Aerial Photo - Google Maps]\n\n{{coord|16|47|54.37|N|96|8|58.07|E|region:MM_type:landmark|display=title}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tempat ziarah agama Buddha]]\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Myanmar]]\n[[Kategori:Stupa]]","hash":"05d15d6509648cb47a9ebff6f65089f816addd577f9d53e5d0edecf406ba1766","last_revision":"2023-12-10T12:46:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T14:32:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:50.556392","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"معبد شويداغون","ast":"Shwedagon","az":"Şvedaqon paqodası","ba":"Шведагон пагодаһы","be":"Пагада Шведагон","bg":"Шведагон","ca":"Pagoda Shwedagon","cs":"Šweitigoumská pagoda","de":"Shwedagon","en":"Shwedagon Pagoda","es":"Shwedagon","eu":"Shwedagon pagoda","fi":"Shwedagonin pagodi","fr":"Pagode Shwedagon","hi":"श्वेडागोन पगोडा","hu":"Svedagon pagoda","hy":"Շվեդագոն պագոդա","it":"Pagoda Shwedagon","ja":"シュエダゴン・パゴダ","kk":"Дагон","km":"វត្ត ស្វេដាហ្គុន","ko":"슈웨다곤 파고다","lv":"Švedagonas pagoda","ml":"ശ്വെദഗൊൺ പഗോഡ","mnw":"ဒဂုင်၊ ကျာ်စေတဳ ဍုင်လ္ဂုင်","my":"ရွှေတိဂုံစေတီတော်","nl":"Schwedagonpagode","oc":"Pagòda de Shwedagon","pl":"Szwedagon","pnb":"شویڈاگون پگوڈا","pt":"Pagode Shwedagon","ro":"Pagoda Shwedagon","ru":"Пагода Шведагон","sh":"Shwedagon","simple":"Shwedagon Pagoda","sl":"Pagoda Švedagon","sr":"Шведагон","sv":"Shwedagon","ta":"சவேடகன் அடுக்குத் தூபி","th":"เจดีย์ชเวดากอง","tl":"Pagodang Shwedagon","uk":"Пагода Шведагон","vi":"Chùa Shwedagon","war":"Pagoda Shwedagon","wuu":"仰光大金寺","zh":"仰光大金寺","zh-yue":"大金寺"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:57.999643","text":"Pagoda Shwedagon (; ), nama resmi Shwedagon Zedi Daw (, ), adalah sebuah stupa atau pagoda setinggi 98 meter (321,5 kaki) yang berlapis emas dan terletak di Yangon, Myanmar. Pagoda ini terletak di bagian barat Danau Kandawgyi, di bukit Singuttara, dan mendominasi pemandangan kota Yangon. Stupa Buddhis ini adalah yang paling suci bagi bangsa Burma karena menyimpan relik Buddha terdahulu, yaitu tongkat Kakusandha, saringan air Konagamana, sepotong jubah Kassapa, dan delapan helai rambut Siddharta Gautama.\n\nOfficial Website of the Shwedagon Pagoda for the Shwedagon Pagoda Board of Trustees The Legend of Shwedagon by Khin Myo Chit Excellent Pictures on the terrace, aerial and in early 19th century Paintings and a Brief History Myanmar Shwedagon Pagoda website Visitor information on Shwedagon Pagoda Photos of Shwedagon Pagoda on Geopium.org My Child-life in Burmah by Olive Jennie Bixby 1880 recollections of a missionary's daughter: inc. detailed description of King Mindon's new hti being erected, pp 111 Rudyard Kipling's description of Shwedagon Pagoda in 1889 Elizabeth Moore conference the shwedagon in british burma myanmar Lt. J.E. Alexander's account, 1827, p. 153 Shwedagon Pagoda Photo Gallery Myanmar: Time to say hello YouTube Aerial Photo - Google Maps\n\nKategori:Tempat ziarah agama Buddha Kategori:Sejarah Myanmar Kategori:Stupa\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Historic building\n|image=Shwedagon-Pano.jpg\n|caption =Stupa Shwedagon\n|name=Shwedagon\n|map_type=\n|map_size=\n|latitude=\n|longitude=\n|location_town= [[Yangon]]\n|location_country=[[Myanmar]]\n|architect=Raja Okkalapa\n|client=\n|engineer=\n|construction_start_date=\n|completion_date= sekitar Abad VI-X Masehi \n|date_demolished=\n|cost=\n|structural_system=\n|style=[[stupa]] dan [[pagoda]]\n|size=\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pagoda Shwedagon (; ), nama resmi Shwedagon Zedi Daw (, ), adalah sebuah stupa atau pagoda setinggi 98 meter (321,5 kaki) yang berlapis emas dan terletak di Yangon, Myanmar.","translated_text":"Shwedagon Pagoda (; ), the official name of Shwedagon Zedi Daw (, ), is a 98 metres (321.5 ft) high gold-plated stupa or pagoda located in Yangon, Myanmar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pagoda ini terletak di bagian barat Danau Kandawgyi, di bukit Singuttara, dan mendominasi pemandangan kota Yangon.","translated_text":"The pagoda is located in the western part of Kandawgyi Lake, on the hill of Singuttara, and dominates the view of Yangon city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Stupa Buddhis ini adalah yang paling suci bagi bangsa Burma karena menyimpan relik Buddha terdahulu, yaitu tongkat Kakusandha, saringan air Konagamana, sepotong jubah Kassapa, dan delapan helai rambut Siddharta Gautama.","translated_text":"This Buddhist stupa is the holiest for the Burmese because it holds the earliest relics of the Buddha, the Kakusandha stick, the Konagamana water filter, a piece of Kassapa's robe, and eight strands of Siddharta Gautama's hair.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Galeri","translated_text":"Gallery","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Official Website of the Shwedagon Pagoda for the Shwedagon Pagoda Board of Trustees The Legend of Shwedagon by Khin Myo Chit Excellent Pictures on the terrace, aerial and in early 19th century Paintings and a Brief History Myanmar Shwedagon Pagoda website","translated_text":"The Legend of Shwedagon by Khin Myo Chit Excellent Pictures on the terrace, aerial and in early 19th century Paintings and a Brief History Myanmar Shwedagon Pagoda website","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311061328/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Burmese/legends/Legends/Shwedagon/shwedagon1.htm |date=2007-03-11 }}","char_index":125,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070311061328/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Burmese/legends/Legends/Shwedagon/shwedagon1.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:20.932777-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223062321/http://www.myanmar-image.com/newmenu/shwedagon/ |date=2007-02-23 }}","char_index":223,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070223062321/http://www.myanmar-image.com/newmenu/shwedagon/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:21.002015-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210131037/http://www.shwedagon.org/index.php |date=2007-02-10 }}","char_index":255,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070210131037/http://www.shwedagon.org/index.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:21.070497-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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J.E. Alexander's account, 1827, p. 153 Shwedagon Pagoda Photo Gallery Myanmar: Time to say hello YouTube Aerial Photo - Google Maps","translated_text":"Visitor information on Shwedagon Pagoda Photos of Shwedagon Pagoda on Geopium.org My Child-life in Burmah by Olive Jennie Bixby 1880 recollections of a missionary's daughter: inc. detailed description of King Mindon's new hti being erected, pp 111 Rudyard Kipling's description of Shwedagon Pagoda in 1889 Elizabeth Moore conference the shwedagon in british burma myanmar Lt. J.E. 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+{"title":"Budi (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"'''Budi''' menurut definisi [[KBBI]] adalah suatu alat batin, paduan [[akal]] dan [[perasaan]] untuk menimbang [[baik]] dan [[buruk]]. Di Indonesia, kata \"Budi\" (atau variasinya: '''Budhi''', '''Budiman''') banyak dipakai sebagai [[nama depan]] [[pria]]. Selain itu banyak organisasi juga menggunakan nama ini.\n\n== Filsafat ==\n* [[Budi]]\n\n== Tokoh ==\n{{utama|Budi (nama)}}\n* [[Antonius Budi Ariantho]]\n* [[Arief Budiman]]\n* [[Aris Budi Prasetyo]]\n* [[Bimantara Budiman]]\n* [[F. Budi Hardiman]]\n* [[Budi Hardjono]]\n* [[Budi P. Hatees]]\n* [[Budhi Tanoto]]\n* [[Budi Anduk|Budi \"Anduk\" Prihatin]]\n* [[Budi Putra]]\n* [[Budi Sudarsono]]\n* [[Budiman (TNI-AD)|Budiman]]\n* [[Budiman Sudjatmiko]]\n* [[Robert Budi Hartono]]\n* [[Valiant Budi Yogi]]\n\n== Organisasi ==\n* [[Boedi Utomo]]\n* [[Budi Sempurna]]\n* [[Seri Budiman]]\n* [[STKIP Setia Budhi Rangkasbitung]]\n* [[Universitas Budi Luhur]]\n* [[Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi]]\n* [[Universitas Setia Budi]]\n\n{{lihat pula disambig|Budi}}\n{{disambig nama Indo}}","hash":"e716cbe488ebd241a301ab14f064c5f6d849aaebc0bbb78def84e6904926a813","last_revision":"2022-12-20T02:05:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T16:17:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:51.692820","cross_lingual_links":{"ceb":"Budi","de":"Budi","en":"Budi","ja":"ブディ"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.059445","text":"Budi menurut definisi KBBI adalah suatu alat batin, paduan akal dan perasaan untuk menimbang baik dan buruk. Di Indonesia, kata \"Budi\" (atau variasinya: Budhi, Budiman) banyak dipakai sebagai nama depan pria. Selain itu banyak organisasi juga menggunakan nama ini.\n\nBudi\n\nAntonius Budi Ariantho Arief Budiman Aris Budi Prasetyo Bimantara Budiman F. Budi Hardiman Budi Hardjono Budi P. Hatees Budhi Tanoto Budi \"Anduk\" Prihatin Budi Putra Budi Sudarsono Budiman Budiman Sudjatmiko Robert Budi Hartono Valiant Budi Yogi\n\nBoedi Utomo Budi Sempurna Seri Budiman STKIP Setia Budhi Rangkasbitung Universitas Budi Luhur Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Universitas Setia Budi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Budi menurut definisi KBBI adalah suatu alat batin, paduan akal dan perasaan untuk menimbang baik dan buruk.","translated_text":"According to KBBI's definition, intelligence is an inner tool, a mixture of reason and feeling to weigh good and bad.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Indonesia, kata \"Budi\" (atau variasinya: Budhi, Budiman) banyak dipakai sebagai nama depan pria.","translated_text":"In Indonesia, the word \"Budi\" (or its variation: Budhi, Budiman) is commonly used as a male first name.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu banyak organisasi juga menggunakan nama ini.","translated_text":"In addition, many organizations also use this name.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Filsafat","translated_text":"Philosophy","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Budi","translated_text":"Be good","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tokoh","translated_text":"Characters","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Antonius Budi Ariantho Arief Budiman Aris Budi Prasetyo Bimantara Budiman F. Budi Hardiman Budi Hardjono Budi P. Hatees Budhi Tanoto Budi \"Anduk\" Prihatin Budi Putra Budi Sudarsono Budiman Budiman Sudjatmiko Robert Budi Hartono Valiant Budi Yogi","translated_text":"Antonius Budi Ariantho Arief Budiman Aris Budi Prasetyo Bimantara Budiman F. Budi Hardiman Budi Hardjono Budi P. Hatees Budhi Tanoto Budi \"Anduk\" Prihatin Budi Putra Budi Sudarsono Budiman Budiman Sudjatmiko Robert Budi Hartono Valiant Budi Yogi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Organisasi","translated_text":"The organization","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Boedi Utomo Budi Sempurna Seri Budiman STKIP Setia Budhi Rangkasbitung Universitas Budi Luhur Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Universitas Setia Budi","translated_text":"Boedi Utomo Budi Sempurna Serial Budiman STKIP Loyal Budhi Rankkasbitung University of Budi Luhur University of Development Panca Budi University of Loyal Budi","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
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Di samping itu perintah berupa tombol-tombol ''icon'' sangat sedikit dijumpai, sehingga mengurangi produktivitas pengguna dan tampilannya menjadi kurang menarik.\n\n== Peningkatan fitur ==\n\nPada rilis terbarunya, ''ACDSee Pro'' memberikan banyak peningkatan fitur, di antaranya adalah:\n\n* ''Improved Workflow''\n** ''Manage, view, process and publish your images''\n*** ''Manager mode''\n*** ''View mode''\n*** ''Process mode''\n*** ''Online mode''\n\n* ''Revolutionary New Process Mode''\n** ''Develop and Edit''\n** ''Vibrance Slider''\n** ''Advanced Color''\n** ''Improved Noise Reduction''\n** ''Improved Selections''\n\n* ''Enhanced Publishing Capabilities''\n** ''ACDSee Online''\n** ''SmugMug Uploader''\n** ''Zenfolio Uploader''\n** ''FTP Uploader''\n** ''Send Email Wizard''\n\n* ''Refined Interface''\n** ''Display Theme''\n** ''Edit Tools and Category Icons''\n** ''Show Original''\n** ''Special Effects Browser''\n** ''Commit Changes''\n** ''Netbook Compatibility''\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[ACDSee Photo Manager]]\n* [[Adobe Photoshop]]\n* [[Photo Magician]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{en icon}} [http://www.acdseeonline.com Situs remsi ACDSee Pro]\n\n{{software-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]","hash":"42075621fb8dd4bc51e59797d22ac53ea61f3981fb4755c3c681dbf09875f172","last_revision":"2023-08-21T06:35:00Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T16:50:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:53.463030","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ACDSee Pro Photo Manager atau lebih sering disingkat dengan ACDSee Pro saja untuk membedakan dengan varian program ini, yaitu ACDSee Photo Manager yang memiliki fitur lebih sederhana. 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Pro 3.0.475 pada Windows 7 Ultimate\n| developer = [[ACD Systems International Inc.]]\n| latest release version = 2010 (Build 3.0.475)\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2010|09|30}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows XP]] SP2, [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]]\n| genre = Digital photo editing\n| license =\n| website = http://acdseeonline.com\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ACDSee Pro Photo Manager atau lebih sering disingkat dengan ACDSee Pro saja untuk membedakan dengan varian program ini, yaitu ACDSee Photo Manager yang memiliki fitur lebih sederhana.","translated_text":"ACDSee Pro Photo Manager or more commonly abbreviated as ACDSee Pro just to distinguish it from a variation of this program, which is ACDSee Photo Manager which has simpler features.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fungsi utama perangkat lunak ini adalah sebagai alat untuk mengolah foto-foto digital sekaligus menata koleksi gambar pada komputer 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu perintah berupa tombol-tombol icon sangat sedikit dijumpai, sehingga mengurangi produktivitas pengguna dan tampilannya menjadi kurang menarik.","translated_text":"Additionally, icon-button commands are found very little, reducing user productivity and making them less appealing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Peningkatan fitur","translated_text":"Improved features","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada rilis terbarunya, ACDSee Pro memberikan banyak peningkatan fitur, di antaranya adalah:","translated_text":"In its latest release, ACDSee Pro provides many enhancements to features, among which are:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Improved Workflow Manage, view, process and publish your images Manager mode View mode Process mode Online 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+{"title":"Monginsidi (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Mongisidi]]","hash":"95b7b0fa20bf64a8cb9ca51b2444b4c680e11c804878f66540317df50f7895d4","last_revision":"2022-02-05T02:24:51Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T17:24:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.090249","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Mongisidi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Mongisidi","translated_text":"Why the Mongols?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Moniaga (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Moniaga]]","hash":"800b5ad3f965c50d68c05946b12117c573b3f34776c960d3de98cef88bf5780f","last_revision":"2010-10-28T17:25:04Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T17:25:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.144998","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Moniaga\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Moniaga","translated_text":"When to Trade","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Moroni (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Moroni]]","hash":"248e8bc578cc341d8e71a86219bdb990f5eb17423c950afed60dbdeb1ab29753","last_revision":"2010-10-28T17:25:15Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T17:25:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.205816","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Moroni\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Moroni","translated_text":"The God of Moroni","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Khajuraho","wikicode":"{{\nInfobox World Heritage Site\n| WHS = Kelompok Monumen Khajuraho\n| Image = [[Berkas:Khajuraho5.jpg|275px|Candi khas Khajuraho dengan pasangan surgawi.]]\n| State Party = {{IND}}\n| Type = Budaya\n| Criteria = i, iii\n| ID = 240\n| Region = Asia-Pasifik\n| Year = 1986\n| Session = 10th\n| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/240\n}}\n\n'''Kelompok Monumen Khajuraho''' adalah sekelompok [[candi]] ([[kuil]]) [[Hindu]] dan [[Jainisme]] yang terletak di Khajuraho ({{Lang-hi|खजुराहो}}), sebuah kota di negara bagian [[Madhya Pradesh]], distrik Chhatarpur, sekitar {{convert|620|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} sebelah tenggara [[New Delhi]]. Candi-candi ini adalah salah satu daya tarik wisata paling populer di India. Khanjuraho memiliki banyak bangunan kuil Hindu dan Jainisme periode pertengahan yang terkenal akan patung-patungnya yang [[Erotisisme|erotis]]. Kelompok monumen Khajuraho masuk dalam daftar [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] [[UNESCO]], dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari \"tujuh keajaiban\" India.\n\nNama Khajuraho berasal dari nama purba \"Kharjuravāhaka\", dari kata dalam [[bahasa Sanskerta]] ''kharjura'' = [[kurma]] dan ''vāhaka'' = \"orang yang membawa\".\n\n== Sejarah ==\nPada abad ke-27 Kali yuga, bangsa penyerbu [[Mleccha]] mulai menyerang kawasan India utara. Beberapa [[Rajput]] Bargujar mengungsi ke arah timur menuju India tengah; mereka berkuasa di kawasan Timur laut [[Rajasthan]], yang disebut Dhundhar, dan disebut Dhundhel atau Dhundhela pada zaman purba, berdasarkan kawasan pemerintahannya. Kemudian mereka disebut Bundela dan Chandela; penguasanya adalah kaun Bargujar; yang menjadi vassal Gurjara - Kemaharajaan Pratihara di India utara, yang berlangsung pada kurun 500 sampai 1300 yang pada masa keemasanya banyak monumen dibangun. Kaum Bargujar juga membangun benteng Kalinjar dan kuil Neelkanth Mahadev, mereka adalah pemuja [[Shiwa]].\n\nKota Khanjuraho adalah pusat kebudayaan Rajput Chandela, sebuah dinasti Hindu yang menguasai kawasan ini pada abad ke-10 hingga ke-12. Ibu kota pemerintahan kaum Chandela adalah Kalinjar. Kuil-kuil di Khajuraho dibangun dalam rentang waktu 200 tahun, dari tahun 950 hingga 1150. Kemudian ibu kota Chandela dipindahkan ke Mahoba, dan Khajuraho terus berkembang untuk beberapa waktu. Khajuraho tidak memiliki benteng karena raja-raja Chandel tidak pernah menghuni kota budaya ini.\n\nSeluruh kawasan kota dikelilingi tembok dengan delapan gerbang, masing-masing diapit pohon palma emas. Aslinya terdapat lebih dari 80 kuil Hindu di kota ini, kini tersisa sekitar 25 kuil yang masih berdiri dalam kondisi baik yang tersebar di kawasan seluas {{convert|20|km2|mi2|0}}.\n\nKini, kuil ini menjadi contoh seni arsitektur India paling terkemuka dan semakin terkenal karena beberapa patung dan reliefnya menampilkan kehidupan [[seks]] masyarakat India kuno. Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kuil ini senantiasa menjaga kelestarian kuil-kuil ini. Pada abad ke-19 penjelajah Inggris menemukan kuil ini, akan tetapi kebanyakan kuil saat itu telah ditelan hutan rimba.\n\n== Arca dan relief ukiran ==\nPada bagian dalam ruangan di dekat arca dewa tidak ditemukan relief dan patung [[seni erotis]] ; akan tetapi beberapa relief dan patung di bagian luar bangunan menampilkan adegan seni erotis. Ada banyak penafsiran atas ditampilkannya adegan erotis ini dalam ukiran kuil Hindu ini. Salah satu penafsiran adalah bagi dalam pandangan para dewa, seseorang harus menanggalkan hasrat seksualnya di luar kuil. Juga menunjukkan bahwa makhluk surgawi adalah [[atman]] atau jiwa yang murni, yang tidak terpengaruh oleh hasrat seksual, pesona fisik dan kemolekan tubuh. Ada juga yang mengaitkannya dengan praktik seksual Tantra. Kurva ukiran di luar kuil melambangkan tubuh manusia dan perubahan yang dialami tubuh manusia, serta kenyataan kehidupan. Sekitar 10% ukiran ini menampilkan tema seksual yaitu adegan seks sepasang manusia. Sisanya menampilkan adegan kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat India kuno. Sebagai contoh, adegan menampilkan seorang perempuan tengah mengenakan kosmetik riasan wajah, pemain musik, pembuat tembikar, peternak, dan beberapa profesi lainnya. Semua adegan kehidupan duniawi itu juga terletak berjauhan dengan patung dewa dan dewi. Kekeliruan penafsiran yang umum adalah; karena bangunan tertua di Khajuraho adalah kuil, maka ditafsirkan adegan seks itu dilakukan oleh dewa dan dewi, padahal itu menggambarkan kegiatan manusia biasa.[[http://www.liveindia.com/khajuraho/8a.html \"Khajuraho\", liveindia.com]]\n\nSudut pandang lain diberikan oleh James McConnachie. Dalam tulisannya mengenai sejarah ''[[Kama Sutra|Kamasutra]]'', McConnachie menggambarkan bahwa 10% patung-patung \"panas\" Khajuraho adalah \"puncak seni erotik\":\n\"Bidadari dengan payudara yang penuh dan pinggul besar dan tubuh meliuk dihiasi perhiasan ini mempercantik panel dinding bagian luar. ''Apsara'' bertubuh sintal dan indah ini merajalela di seluruh permukaan batu, mengenakan kosmetik, mencuci rambut, bermain, menari, dan terus menerus melepas dan mengenakan pakaian mereka... Selain bidadari surgawi ini terdapat pula griffin dan makhluk-makhluk surgawi, dewata penjaga, dan yang paling terkenal, para ''maithuna'' dengan tubuh yang saling terkunci, para pasangan yang tengah bercinta.\"\n\n\nBerkas:Khajuraho-Lakshmana temple.JPG| Kuil Lakshmana\nBerkas:Khajuraho 126.jpg| [[Ganesha]] di Khajuraho\nBerkas:Khajuraho JagdambiTempel 4813.jpg | Dinding luar yang kaya ukiran\nBerkas:Khajuraho8.jpg| Jajaran arca di dinding luar\nBerkas:Kamasutra 106.jpg| Adegan [[hubungan seks]] di relief Khajuraho\nBerkas:Khajuraho-Lakshmana Temple erotic detal1.JPG| Adegan [[seks oral]] di relief Khajuraho\nBerkas:Khajuraho7.jpg| Adegan erotis di relief Khajuraho\nBerkas:WLA haa Surasundari.jpg| Apsara Surasundari\n\n\nKarena menampilkan ukiran adegan [[hubungan seksual]] maka situs ini dijuluki kuil ''Kamasutra'', meskipun demikian tidak disebutkan jenis-jenis posisi tersebut, juga tidak menggambarkan secara pasti filosofi Kamasutra karya Vatsyayana yang terkenal itu. Dengan bentuk \"perpaduan aneh antara aliran Tantra dan motif kesuburan, dengan dosis besar ilmu sihir\" maka dinilai bahwa dokumen yang lebih mementingkan kesenangan daripada menghasilkan keturunan adalah hal yang remeh.\n\nPatung-patung ini dengan sengaja ditempatkan berdasarkan diagram sihir simbolis yang disebut \"''yantra''\" yang dirancang untuk menyenangkan roh jahat. ''Alamkara'' (ornamentasi) ini mengungkapkan ekspresi seni canggih yang melampaui hal alami; gambar seksual menampilkan kekuatan dan keperkasaan, yang merujuk kepada penguasa yang perkasa.[{{cite book|author=McConnachie, James|title=The Book of Love, the Story of the Kamasutra|publisher=Metropolitan Press|year=2005|pages=46–47}}]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Bacaan lanjutan ==\n* Phani Kant Mishra, ''Khajuraho: With Latest Discoveries,'' Sundeep Prakashan (2001) ISBN 81-7574-101-5\n* Devangana Desai, ''The Religious Imagery of Khajuraho'', Franco-Indian Research P. Ltd. (1996) ISBN 81-900184-1-8\n* Devangana Desai, ''Khajuraho'', Oxford University Press Paperback (Sixth impression 2005) ISBN 978-0-19-565643-5\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons category|Khajuraho}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Candi Hindu|Khajuraho]]\n[[Kategori:Monumen di India]]\n[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di India]]","hash":"6cff0c8f1ad3200f448b1f8005ab11f27e7c5f012eca7cc9e00b10797c59e63c","last_revision":"2021-07-06T13:29:49Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T17:26:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.256888","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مجموعة آثار خاجوراهو","bh":"खजुराहो","bn":"খাজুরাহো স্মারকসমূহ","de":"Tempelbezirk von Khajuraho","el":"Κχατζουράχο (Μνημεία)","en":"Khajuraho Group of Monuments","fa":"مجموعه آثار تاریخی خاجوراهو","hi":"खजुराहो स्मारक समूह","it":"Gruppo di monumenti di Khajuraho","jv":"Khajuraho","kn":"ಖಜುರಾಹೊ ಸ್ಮಾರಕಗಳ ತಾಣ","mai":"खजुराहोमे रहल स्मारकसभक समूह","ml":"ഖജുരാഹോ ക്ഷേത്രസമുച്ചയങ്ങൾ","mt":"Grupp ta' Monumenti ta' Khajuraho","my":"ခါဂျူရာဟို အထိမ်းအမှတ် အဆောက်အဦး အစုအဝေး","pt":"Conjunto monumental de Khajuraho","si":"ඛජුරාහෝ ස්මාරක සමූහය","sk":"Skupina monumentov v Khadžuráho","ta":"கஜுராஹோ நினைவுச்சின்னங்களின் தொகுதி","te":"ఖజురహో నిర్మాణ సమూహాలు","th":"กลุ่มโบราณสถานแห่งขชุราโห","tr":"Khajuraho'daki Anıtlar Grubu","ur":"کھجوراہو کی یادگاریں","vi":"Nhóm di tích Khajuraho","war":"Grupo hin mga Monumento ha Khajuraho"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Kelompok Monumen Khajuraho adalah sekelompok candi (kuil) Hindu dan Jainisme yang terletak di Khajuraho (), sebuah kota di negara bagian Madhya Pradesh, distrik Chhatarpur, sekitar sebelah tenggara New Delhi. Candi-candi ini adalah salah satu daya tarik wisata paling populer di India. Khanjuraho memiliki banyak bangunan kuil Hindu dan Jainisme periode pertengahan yang terkenal akan patung-patungnya yang erotis. Kelompok monumen Khajuraho masuk dalam daftar Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari \"tujuh keajaiban\" India.\n\nNama Khajuraho berasal dari nama purba \"Kharjuravāhaka\", dari kata dalam bahasa Sanskerta kharjura = kurma dan vāhaka = \"orang yang membawa\".\n\nPada abad ke-27 Kali yuga, bangsa penyerbu Mleccha mulai menyerang kawasan India utara. Beberapa Rajput Bargujar mengungsi ke arah timur menuju India tengah; mereka berkuasa di kawasan Timur laut Rajasthan, yang disebut Dhundhar, dan disebut Dhundhel atau Dhundhela pada zaman purba, berdasarkan kawasan pemerintahannya. Kemudian mereka disebut Bundela dan Chandela; penguasanya adalah kaun Bargujar; yang menjadi vassal Gurjara - Kemaharajaan Pratihara di India utara, yang berlangsung pada kurun 500 sampai 1300 yang pada masa keemasanya banyak monumen dibangun. Kaum Bargujar juga membangun benteng Kalinjar dan kuil Neelkanth Mahadev, mereka adalah pemuja Shiwa.\n\nKota Khanjuraho adalah pusat kebudayaan Rajput Chandela, sebuah dinasti Hindu yang menguasai kawasan ini pada abad ke-10 hingga ke-12. Ibu kota pemerintahan kaum Chandela adalah Kalinjar. Kuil-kuil di Khajuraho dibangun dalam rentang waktu 200 tahun, dari tahun 950 hingga 1150. Kemudian ibu kota Chandela dipindahkan ke Mahoba, dan Khajuraho terus berkembang untuk beberapa waktu. Khajuraho tidak memiliki benteng karena raja-raja Chandel tidak pernah menghuni kota budaya ini.\n\nSeluruh kawasan kota dikelilingi tembok dengan delapan gerbang, masing-masing diapit pohon palma emas. Aslinya terdapat lebih dari 80 kuil Hindu di kota ini, kini tersisa sekitar 25 kuil yang masih berdiri dalam kondisi baik yang tersebar di kawasan seluas .\n\nKini, kuil ini menjadi contoh seni arsitektur India paling terkemuka dan semakin terkenal karena beberapa patung dan reliefnya menampilkan kehidupan seks masyarakat India kuno. Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kuil ini senantiasa menjaga kelestarian kuil-kuil ini. Pada abad ke-19 penjelajah Inggris menemukan kuil ini, akan tetapi kebanyakan kuil saat itu telah ditelan hutan rimba.\n\nPada bagian dalam ruangan di dekat arca dewa tidak ditemukan relief dan patung seni erotis ; akan tetapi beberapa relief dan patung di bagian luar bangunan menampilkan adegan seni erotis. Ada banyak penafsiran atas ditampilkannya adegan erotis ini dalam ukiran kuil Hindu ini. Salah satu penafsiran adalah bagi dalam pandangan para dewa, seseorang harus menanggalkan hasrat seksualnya di luar kuil. Juga menunjukkan bahwa makhluk surgawi adalah atman atau jiwa yang murni, yang tidak terpengaruh oleh hasrat seksual, pesona fisik dan kemolekan tubuh. Ada juga yang mengaitkannya dengan praktik seksual Tantra. Kurva ukiran di luar kuil melambangkan tubuh manusia dan perubahan yang dialami tubuh manusia, serta kenyataan kehidupan. Sekitar 10% ukiran ini menampilkan tema seksual yaitu adegan seks sepasang manusia. Sisanya menampilkan adegan kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat India kuno. Sebagai contoh, adegan menampilkan seorang perempuan tengah mengenakan kosmetik riasan wajah, pemain musik, pembuat tembikar, peternak, dan beberapa profesi lainnya. Semua adegan kehidupan duniawi itu juga terletak berjauhan dengan patung dewa dan dewi. Kekeliruan penafsiran yang umum adalah; karena bangunan tertua di Khajuraho adalah kuil, maka ditafsirkan adegan seks itu dilakukan oleh dewa dan dewi, padahal itu menggambarkan kegiatan manusia biasa.\n\nSudut pandang lain diberikan oleh James McConnachie. Dalam tulisannya mengenai sejarah Kamasutra, McConnachie menggambarkan bahwa 10% patung-patung \"panas\" Khajuraho adalah \"puncak seni erotik\": \"Bidadari dengan payudara yang penuh dan pinggul besar dan tubuh meliuk dihiasi perhiasan ini mempercantik panel dinding bagian luar. Apsara bertubuh sintal dan indah ini merajalela di seluruh permukaan batu, mengenakan kosmetik, mencuci rambut, bermain, menari, dan terus menerus melepas dan mengenakan pakaian mereka... Selain bidadari surgawi ini terdapat pula griffin dan makhluk-makhluk surgawi, dewata penjaga, dan yang paling terkenal, para maithuna dengan tubuh yang saling terkunci, para pasangan yang tengah bercinta.\"\n\nKarena menampilkan ukiran adegan hubungan seksual maka situs ini dijuluki kuil Kamasutra, meskipun demikian tidak disebutkan jenis-jenis posisi tersebut, juga tidak menggambarkan secara pasti filosofi Kamasutra karya Vatsyayana yang terkenal itu. Dengan bentuk \"perpaduan aneh antara aliran Tantra dan motif kesuburan, dengan dosis besar ilmu sihir\" maka dinilai bahwa dokumen yang lebih mementingkan kesenangan daripada menghasilkan keturunan adalah hal yang remeh.\n\nPatung-patung ini dengan sengaja ditempatkan berdasarkan diagram sihir simbolis yang disebut \"yantra\" yang dirancang untuk menyenangkan roh jahat. Alamkara (ornamentasi) ini mengungkapkan ekspresi seni canggih yang melampaui hal alami; gambar seksual menampilkan kekuatan dan keperkasaan, yang merujuk kepada penguasa yang perkasa.\n\nPhani Kant Mishra, Khajuraho: With Latest Discoveries, Sundeep Prakashan (2001) ISBN 81-7574-101-5 Devangana Desai, The Religious Imagery of Khajuraho, Franco-Indian Research P. Ltd. (1996) ISBN 81-900184-1-8 Devangana Desai, Khajuraho, Oxford University Press Paperback (Sixth impression 2005) ISBN 978-0-19-565643-5\n\nKhajuraho Kategori:Monumen di India Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di India\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{\nInfobox World Heritage Site\n| WHS = Kelompok Monumen Khajuraho\n| Image = [[Berkas:Khajuraho5.jpg|275px|Candi khas Khajuraho dengan pasangan surgawi.]]\n| State Party = {{IND}}\n| Type = Budaya\n| Criteria = i, iii\n| ID = 240\n| Region = Asia-Pasifik\n| Year = 1986\n| Session = 10th\n| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/240\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelompok Monumen Khajuraho adalah sekelompok candi (kuil) Hindu dan Jainisme yang terletak di Khajuraho (), sebuah kota di negara bagian Madhya Pradesh, distrik Chhatarpur, sekitar sebelah tenggara New Delhi.","translated_text":"The Khajuraho Monuments Group is a group of Hindu and Jain temples located in Khajuraho (), a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh, Chhatarpur district, about southeast of New Delhi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Candi","translated_text":"The Temple","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-candi ini adalah salah satu daya tarik wisata paling populer di India.","translated_text":"This temple is one of the most popular tourist attractions in India.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Khanjuraho memiliki banyak bangunan kuil Hindu dan Jainisme periode pertengahan yang terkenal akan patung-patungnya yang erotis.","translated_text":"Khanjuraho has many medieval Hindu and Jain temple buildings famous for its erotic sculptures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelompok monumen Khajuraho masuk dalam daftar Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari \"tujuh keajaiban\" India.","translated_text":"The Khajuraho group of monuments is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is considered one of the \"seven wonders\" of India.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nama Khajuraho berasal dari nama purba \"Kharjuravāhaka\", dari kata dalam bahasa Sanskerta kharjura = kurma dan vāhaka = \"orang yang membawa\".","translated_text":"The name Khajuraho comes from the ancient name \"Kharjuravāhaka\", from the Sanskrit word kharjura = curry and vāhaka = \"carrier\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada abad ke-27 Kali yuga, bangsa penyerbu Mleccha mulai menyerang kawasan India utara.","translated_text":"In the 27th century Kali Yuga, the invading Mleccha began to invade the northern Indian region.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa Rajput Bargujar mengungsi ke arah timur menuju India tengah; mereka berkuasa di kawasan Timur laut Rajasthan, yang disebut Dhundhar, dan disebut Dhundhel atau Dhundhela pada zaman purba, berdasarkan kawasan pemerintahannya.","translated_text":"Some Rajput Bargujars fled eastward towards central India; they ruled in the northeastern region of Rajasthan, called Dhundhar, and were called Dhundhel or Dhundhela in ancient times, based on the area of their rule.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian mereka disebut Bundela dan Chandela; penguasanya adalah kaun Bargujar; yang menjadi vassal Gurjara - Kemaharajaan Pratihara di India utara, yang berlangsung pada kurun 500 sampai 1300 yang pada masa keemasanya banyak monumen dibangun.","translated_text":"They were then called Bundela and Chandela; their ruler was kaun Bargujar; who became vassal of the Gurjara - Pratihara Empire in northern India, which lasted from 500 to 1300 at which time many monuments were built.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kaum Bargujar juga membangun benteng Kalinjar dan kuil Neelkanth Mahadev, mereka adalah pemuja Shiwa.","translated_text":"The Bargujar people also built Kalinjar fortress and Neelkanth Mahadev temple, they were Shiva worshippers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kota Khanjuraho adalah pusat kebudayaan Rajput Chandela, sebuah dinasti Hindu yang menguasai kawasan ini pada abad ke-10 hingga ke-12.","translated_text":"Khanjuraho was the cultural center of the Rajput Chandela, a Hindu dynasty that ruled the region in the 10th to 12th centuries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ibu kota pemerintahan kaum Chandela adalah Kalinjar.","translated_text":"The capital of the Chandela rule was Kalinjar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kuil","translated_text":"The Temple","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-kuil di Khajuraho dibangun dalam rentang waktu 200 tahun, dari tahun 950 hingga 1150.","translated_text":"The temple in Khajuraho was built in a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian ibu kota Chandela dipindahkan ke Mahoba, dan Khajuraho terus berkembang untuk beberapa waktu.","translated_text":"Then the capital of Chandela was moved to Mahoba, and Khajuraho continued to thrive for some time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Khajuraho tidak memiliki benteng karena raja-raja Chandel tidak pernah menghuni kota budaya ini.","translated_text":"Khajuraho has no fortress because the Chandel kings never inhabited this cultural city.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Seluruh kawasan kota dikelilingi tembok dengan delapan gerbang, masing-masing diapit pohon palma emas.","translated_text":"The whole area of the city was surrounded by walls with eight gates, each flanked by golden palm trees.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aslinya terdapat lebih dari 80 kuil Hindu di kota ini, kini tersisa sekitar 25 kuil yang masih berdiri dalam kondisi baik yang tersebar di kawasan seluas .","translated_text":"Originally there were more than 80 Hindu temples in the city, today there are about 25 temples still standing in good condition scattered throughout the vast area.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kini, kuil ini menjadi contoh seni arsitektur India paling terkemuka dan semakin terkenal karena beberapa patung dan reliefnya menampilkan kehidupan seks masyarakat India kuno.","translated_text":"Today, the temple is one of India's most prominent examples of Indian architecture and is increasingly famous for its sculptures and reliefs depicting the sex life of ancient Indians.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kuil ini senantiasa menjaga kelestarian kuil-kuil ini.","translated_text":"The people who live around these temples have always maintained these temples.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada abad ke-19 penjelajah Inggris menemukan kuil ini, akan tetapi kebanyakan kuil saat itu telah ditelan hutan rimba.","translated_text":"In the 19th century English explorers discovered the temple, but most of the temples of that time had been swallowed up by the grasslands.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Arca dan relief ukiran","translated_text":"Arches and carvings","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada bagian dalam ruangan di dekat arca dewa tidak ditemukan relief dan patung seni erotis ; akan tetapi beberapa relief dan patung di bagian luar bangunan menampilkan adegan seni erotis.","translated_text":"In the interior near the statue of the god were found no reliefs and erotic art sculptures; however some reliefs and sculptures outside the building displayed erotic art scenes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada banyak penafsiran atas ditampilkannya adegan erotis ini dalam ukiran kuil Hindu ini.","translated_text":"There are many interpretations of his portrayal of this erotic scene in this Hindu temple engraving.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu penafsiran adalah bagi dalam pandangan para dewa, seseorang harus menanggalkan hasrat seksualnya di luar kuil.","translated_text":"One interpretation is that in the eyes of the gods, a person must cast off his sexual desire outside the temple.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Juga menunjukkan bahwa makhluk surgawi adalah atman atau jiwa yang murni, yang tidak terpengaruh oleh hasrat seksual, pesona fisik dan kemolekan tubuh.","translated_text":"It also shows that heavenly creatures are pure atmans, or souls, untouched by sexual desires, physical charm, and bodily satiety.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada juga yang mengaitkannya dengan praktik seksual Tantra.","translated_text":"Some also associate it with the sexual practice of Tantra.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kurva ukiran di luar kuil melambangkan tubuh manusia dan perubahan yang dialami tubuh manusia, serta kenyataan kehidupan.","translated_text":"The carved curves outside the temple symbolize the human body and the changes the human body undergoes, as well as the reality of life.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar 10% ukiran ini menampilkan tema seksual yaitu adegan seks sepasang manusia.","translated_text":"About 10 percent of these carvings feature a sexual theme, which is sex scenes of a human couple.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sisanya menampilkan adegan kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat India kuno.","translated_text":"The rest depicts scenes of the daily life of ancient Indian society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai contoh, adegan menampilkan seorang perempuan tengah mengenakan kosmetik riasan wajah, pemain musik, pembuat tembikar, peternak, dan beberapa profesi lainnya.","translated_text":"For example, a scene shows a woman wearing facial makeup, a musician, a potter, a farmer, and a number of other professions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua adegan kehidupan duniawi itu juga terletak berjauhan dengan patung dewa dan dewi.","translated_text":"All these scenes of earthly life are also set apart from the statues of gods and goddesses.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kekeliruan penafsiran yang umum adalah; karena bangunan tertua di Khajuraho adalah kuil, maka ditafsirkan adegan seks itu dilakukan oleh dewa dan dewi, padahal itu menggambarkan kegiatan manusia biasa.","translated_text":"A common misinterpretation is; since the oldest building in Khajuraho is a temple, it is interpreted that the sex scene was performed by the gods and goddesses, when it depicted ordinary human activity.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.liveindia.com/khajuraho/8a.html \"Khajuraho\", liveindia.com]]","char_index":201,"name":null,"url":"http://www.liveindia.com/khajuraho/8a.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10304,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:21.423846-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.716796875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sudut pandang lain diberikan oleh James McConnachie.","translated_text":"Another point of view is given by James McConnachie.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam tulisannya mengenai sejarah Kamasutra, McConnachie menggambarkan bahwa 10% patung-patung \"panas\" Khajuraho adalah \"puncak seni erotik\": \"Bidadari dengan payudara yang penuh dan pinggul besar dan tubuh meliuk dihiasi perhiasan ini mempercantik panel dinding bagian luar.","translated_text":"In his writing on the history of Kamasutra, McConnachie describes that 10% of Khajuraho's \"hot\" statues are \"the pinnacle of erotic art\": \"Angels with full breasts and large hips and a decorated body embellished with these jewels embellish the outer wall panels.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Apsara bertubuh sintal dan indah ini merajalela di seluruh permukaan batu, mengenakan kosmetik, mencuci rambut, bermain, menari, dan terus menerus melepas dan mengenakan pakaian mereka...","translated_text":"These gorgeous, man-made apsaras roam the surface of the rock, wearing cosmetics, washing their hair, playing, dancing, and continually stripping and putting on their clothes...","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain bidadari surgawi ini terdapat pula griffin dan makhluk-makhluk surgawi, dewata penjaga, dan yang paling terkenal, para maithuna dengan tubuh yang saling terkunci, para pasangan yang tengah bercinta.\"","translated_text":"In addition to these celestial angels there are also griffins and celestial beings, guardian deities, and most famously, the locked-in maithuna, lovers\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena menampilkan ukiran adegan hubungan seksual maka situs ini dijuluki kuil Kamasutra, meskipun demikian tidak disebutkan jenis-jenis posisi tersebut, juga tidak menggambarkan secara pasti filosofi Kamasutra karya Vatsyayana yang terkenal itu.","translated_text":"Because of the carving of sexual intercourse scenes, the site is nicknamed the Kamasutra temple, although no mention is made of these types of positions, nor does it accurately depict the Kamasutra philosophy of the famous Vatsyayana.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan bentuk \"perpaduan aneh antara aliran Tantra dan motif kesuburan, dengan dosis besar ilmu sihir\" maka dinilai bahwa dokumen yang lebih mementingkan kesenangan daripada menghasilkan keturunan adalah hal yang remeh.","translated_text":"In the form of a \"strange blend of Tantra and fertility motifs, with a large dose of magic\" it is judged that a document that is more important for pleasure than to produce offspring is a trivial matter.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Patung-patung ini dengan sengaja ditempatkan berdasarkan diagram sihir simbolis yang disebut \"yantra\" yang dirancang untuk menyenangkan roh jahat.","translated_text":"These statues were deliberately placed on the basis of symbolic magic diagrams called \"yantra\" designed to please evil spirits.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alamkara (ornamentasi) ini mengungkapkan ekspresi seni canggih yang melampaui hal alami; gambar seksual menampilkan kekuatan dan keperkasaan, yang merujuk kepada penguasa yang perkasa.","translated_text":"These ornaments reveal a sophisticated artistic expression that transcends the natural; sexual imagery displays power and power, referring to a powerful ruler.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|author=McConnachie, James|title=The Book of Love, the Story of the Kamasutra|publisher=Metropolitan Press|year=2005|pages=46–47}}]","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bacaan lanjutan","translated_text":"Further reading","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Phani Kant Mishra, Khajuraho: With Latest Discoveries, Sundeep Prakashan (2001) ISBN 81-7574-101-5 Devangana Desai, The Religious Imagery of Khajuraho, Franco-Indian Research P. Ltd. (1996) ISBN 81-900184-1-8 Devangana Desai, Khajuraho, Oxford University Press Paperback (Sixth impression 2005) ISBN 978-0-19-565643-5","translated_text":"He is also the founder of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Khajuraho Kategori:Monumen di India Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di India","translated_text":"Khajuraho Category:Monuments in India Category:World heritage site of UNESCO in India","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Sebagai contoh, adegan menampilkan seorang perempuan tengah mengenakan kosmetik riasan wajah, pemain musik, pembuat tembikar, peternak, dan beberapa profesi lainnya. Semua adegan kehidupan duniawi itu juga terletak berjauhan dengan patung dewa dan dewi. Kekeliruan penafsiran yang umum adalah; karena bangunan tertua di Khajuraho adalah kuil, maka ditafsirkan adegan seks itu dilakukan oleh dewa dan dewi, padahal itu menggambarkan kegiatan manusia biasa.","translated_text":"For example, a scene shows a woman wearing facial makeup, a musician, a potter, a farmer, and a number of other professions. All these scenes of earthly life are also set apart from the statues of gods and goddesses. A common misinterpretation is; since the oldest building in Khajuraho is a temple, it is interpreted that the sex scene was performed by the gods and goddesses, when it depicted ordinary human activity.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.liveindia.com/khajuraho/8a.html \"Khajuraho\", liveindia.com]]","char_index":455,"name":null,"url":"http://www.liveindia.com/khajuraho/8a.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":10304,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:21.423846-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.716796875}]},{"text":"Patung-patung ini dengan sengaja ditempatkan berdasarkan diagram sihir simbolis yang disebut \"yantra\" yang dirancang untuk menyenangkan roh jahat. Alamkara (ornamentasi) ini mengungkapkan ekspresi seni canggih yang melampaui hal alami; gambar seksual menampilkan kekuatan dan keperkasaan, yang merujuk kepada penguasa yang perkasa.","translated_text":"These statues were deliberately placed on the basis of symbolic magic diagrams called \"yantra\" designed to please evil spirits. These ornaments reveal a sophisticated artistic expression that transcends the natural; sexual imagery displays power and power, referring to a powerful ruler.","citations":[{"content":"[{{cite book|author=McConnachie, James|title=The Book of Love, the Story of the Kamasutra|publisher=Metropolitan Press|year=2005|pages=46–47}}]","char_index":331,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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+{"title":"Able2Extract Professional","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Able2Extract Professional\n| developer = Investintech.com Inc.\n| latest release version = 6.0\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2008}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]]\n| genre = PDF converter\n| license =\n| website = http://invesintech.com\n}}\n'''Able2Extract Professional''' adalah sebuah [[perangkat lunak]] buatan Investintech.com Inc. yang dapat melakukan konversi data yang dibuat dalam format PDF. Pada versi terbarunya, program ini mampu mengubah berkas PDF menjadi berkas dalam format lain sehingga dapat dibaca dan disunting oleh program tertentu, misalnya konversi dari PDF ke berkas yang didukung oleh [[Microsoft Office]], [[Open Office]], [[AutoCAD]] dan berbagai format foto [[digital]].\n\n== Menu utama ==\nMenu utama pada versi 6.0 adalah sebagai berikut:\n* ''File''\n* ''Edit''\n* ''Document''\n* ''View''\n* ''Window''\n* ''Help''\n\nKekurangan program ini adalah terjadinya kesalahan pada saat melakukan konversi data dari sumber yang di-''scanning'' (berkas PDF yang dibuat dari ''hard copy''), sehingga hasilnya kurang akurat.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Able2Extract Standard]]\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* http://www.investintech.com {{en icon}}\n\n{{software-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]","hash":"4a20211560172dee2c9281feadbe79a2a6f1b7daf1a3f5221e22ae660d2e2dae","last_revision":"2023-12-27T05:53:27Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T17:44:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.656750","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Able2Extract Professional adalah sebuah perangkat lunak buatan Investintech.com Inc. yang dapat melakukan konversi data yang dibuat dalam format PDF. Pada versi terbarunya, program ini mampu mengubah berkas PDF menjadi berkas dalam format lain sehingga dapat dibaca dan disunting oleh program tertentu, misalnya konversi dari PDF ke berkas yang didukung oleh Microsoft Office, Open Office, AutoCAD dan berbagai format foto digital.\n\nMenu utama pada versi 6.0 adalah sebagai berikut: File Edit Document View Window Help\n\nKekurangan program ini adalah terjadinya kesalahan pada saat melakukan konversi data dari sumber yang di-scanning (berkas PDF yang dibuat dari hard copy), sehingga hasilnya kurang akurat.\n\nAble2Extract Standard\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Windows\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Able2Extract Professional\n| developer = Investintech.com Inc.\n| latest release version = 6.0\n| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2008}}\n| operating_system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]]\n| genre = PDF converter\n| license =\n| website = http://invesintech.com\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Able2Extract Professional adalah sebuah perangkat lunak buatan Investintech.com Inc. yang dapat melakukan konversi data yang dibuat dalam format PDF.","translated_text":"Able2Extract Professional is a software made by Investintech.com Inc. that can convert data created in PDF format.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada versi terbarunya, program ini mampu mengubah berkas PDF menjadi berkas dalam format lain sehingga dapat dibaca dan disunting oleh program tertentu, misalnya konversi dari PDF ke berkas yang didukung oleh Microsoft Office, Open Office, AutoCAD dan berbagai format foto digital.","translated_text":"In its latest version, the program is capable of converting PDFs into files in other formats so that they can be read and edited by specific programs, such as conversion from PDFs to files supported by Microsoft Office, Open Office, AutoCAD and various digital photo formats.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Menu utama","translated_text":"The main menu","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menu utama pada versi 6.0 adalah sebagai berikut: File Edit Document View Window Help","translated_text":"The main menu in version 6.0 is as follows: File Edit Document View Window Help","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekurangan program ini adalah terjadinya kesalahan pada saat melakukan konversi data dari sumber yang di-scanning (berkas PDF yang dibuat dari hard copy), sehingga hasilnya kurang akurat.","translated_text":"The disadvantage of this program is that errors occur when converting data from a scanned source (a PDF made from a hard copy), so the results are less accurate.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Able2Extract Standard","translated_text":"The Able2Extract Standard","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Windows","translated_text":"Windows software:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Afonso II dari Portugal","wikicode":"{{Infobox royalty\n| type =monarch\n| name =Afonso II\n| title =Raja Portugal\n| image =AfonsoII-P.jpg\n| imgw =200\n| caption =Lukisan Afonso II pada abad ke-17\n| reign =26 Maret 1212 – 25 Maret 1223\n| predecessor =[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]\n| successor =[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Sancho II]]\n| spouse =[[Urraca dari Kastilia, Ratu Portugal]]\n| issue =[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Sancho II]]
[[Afonso III dari Portugal|Afonso III]]
[[Eleanor dari Portugal, Ratu Denmark|Leonor, Ratu Denmark]]
[[Infante Fernando, Maharaja Serpa]]\n| issue-link = #Pernikahan dan Keturunan\n| issue-pipe = di antara lainnya...\n| house =[[Wangsa Kapetia|Kapetia]] [[Wangsa Burgundia]]\n| dynasty =[[Burgundia|Wangsa Affonsine]]\n| father =[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]\n| mother =[[Dulce dari Aragon]]\n| date of birth =23 April 1185\n| place of birth =[[Coimbra]], [[Kerajaan Portugal]]\n| date of death =25 Maret 1223 [usia 37]\n| place of death =Coimbra, Kerajaan Portugal\n| place of burial =Biara [[Santa Cruz]], [[Coimbra]], [[(Wilayah) Coimbra|Coimbra]], [[Portugal]]\n|}}\n\n'''Afonso II''' (Portugis|ɐˈfõsu; [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] ''Alphonzo''), atau ''Affonso'' (Portugis), ''Alfonso'' atau ''Alphonso'' ([[Bahasa Portugis-Galicia|Portugis-Galicia]]) atau ''Alphonsus'' (versi [[Bahasa Latin|Latin]]), dipanggil \"yang Gemuk\" ([[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]] ''o Gordo''), merupakan seorang [[Daftar penguasa Portugis|Raja Portugal]] ketiga, dilahirkan di [[Coimbra]] pada tanggal 23 April 1185 dan wafat pada tanggal 25 Maret 1223 di kota yang sama. Ia merupakan putra kedua dan sulung [[Sancho I dari Portugal]] dan istrinya, [[Dulce dari Aragon|Dulce]], Infanta dari [[Aragon]]. Afonso mewarisi tahta ayahnya pada tahun 1212.\n\nSebagai seorang raja, Afonso II menetapkan pemerintahan yang berbeda. Sampai sekarang, ayahnya Sancho I dan kakeknya [[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I]], pada umumnya bersangkutan dengan masalah militer baik dalam melawan kerajaan tetangga, [[Kastilia]] atau melawan bangsa [[Moor]] di bagian selatan. Afonso tidak memburu peraturan untuk memperluas wilayah dan mengatur untuk menjamin perdamaian dengan Kastilia selama masa pemerintahannya. Selain itu, beberapa kota seperti [[Alcácer do Sal]] pada tahun 1217, yang dikuasai oleh orang-orang Moor oleh inisiatif pribadi para bangsawan. Ini bukan berarti bahwa ia lemah atau pengecut. Sebaliknya pada tahun pertama masa pemerintahannya ditandai oleh gangguan internal antara Afonso dan saudara-saudaranya baik laki-laki atau perempuan. Akan tetapi raja mengatur untuk menjaga keamanan di antara perbatasan Portugis hanya dengan melarang dan mengasingkan kerabatnya.\n\nOleh karena masalah militer bukan prioritas pemerintah, Afonso mendirikan administrasi negara dan memusatkan kekuasaan dirinya sendiri. Ia mendisain set pertama peraturan tertulis Portugis. Hal ini pada umumnya berkenaan dengan properti pribadi, sipil [[hukum]], dan pencetakan uang logam. Afonso juga mengirim utusan ke [[Eropa]], ke kerajaan di luar Semenanjung Iberia dan mulai menjalin hubungan perdagangan dengan kebanyakan dari mereka.\n\nReformasi lainnya adalah termasuk menjalin hubungan baik dengan paus untuk menjamin kemerdekaan Portugal diakui oleh Roma, kakeknya, Afonso I, harus mengelola sejumlah besar hak istimewa pada Gereja. Negara ini akhirnya dibuat di dalam negara. Dengan posisi Portugal sebagai sebuah negara mapan didirikan, Afonso II berusaha untuk melemahkan kekuatan pendeta dan untuk menerapkan sebagian pendapatan besar [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] untuk tujuan utilitas nasional. Aksi ini mengakibatkan konflik diplomatik yang serius antara paus dan Portugal. Setelah dikucilkan atas kelancangannya oleh [[Paus Honorius III]], Afonso II berjanji untuk menebus kesalahannya pada gereja, akan tetapi ia keburu meninggal pada tahun 1223 sebelum melakukan sesuatu hal untuk menebus kesalahannya tersebut.\n\n== Silsilah ==\n{{Ahnentafel-compact5\n|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;\n|border=1\n|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;\n|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;\n|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;\n|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;\n|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;\n|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; \n|1= 1. ''' Afonso II dari Portugal'''\n|2= 2. [[Sancho I dari Portugal]]\n|3= 3. [[Dulce dari Aragon]]\n\n|4= 4. [[Afonso I dari Portugal]]\n|5= 5. [[Maud dari Savoy]]\n|6= 6. [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Pangeran Barcelona]]\n|7= 7. [[Petronila dari Aragon]]\n\n|8= 8. [[Henry, Pangeran Portugal]]\n|9= 9. [[Theresa, Comtesse Portugal]] \n|10= 10. [[Amadeus III, Pangeran Savoy]]\n|11= 11. Mahaut dari Albon\n|12= 12. [[Ramon Berenguer III, Pangeran Barcelona]]\n|13= 13. [[Douce I, Comtesse Provence]]\n|14= 14. [[Ramiro II dari Aragon]]\n|15= 15. [[Agnes dari Aquitania, Ratu Aragon|Agnes dari Aquitania]]\n\n|16= 16. Henry dari Burgundia\n|17=\n\n|18= 18. [[Alfonso VI dari León dan Kastilia]] \n|19= 19. [[Jimena Muñoz]]\n\n|20= 20. [[Humbert II, Pangeran Savoy]]\n|21= 21. [[Gisela dari Burgundia (1075–1133)|Gisela dari Burgundia]]\n\n|22= 22. [[Guigues III dari Albon]]\n|23= 23. Matilda\n\n|24= 24. [[Ramon Berenguer II, Pangeran Barcelona]]\n|25= 25. Maud dari Apulia\n\n|26= 26. [[Gilbert I, Pangeran Gévaudan]] \n|27= 27. [[Gerberga, Comtesse Provence]]\n\n|28= 28. [[Sancho V dari Aragon dan Navarra]]\n|29= 29. [[Felicia dari Roucy]]\n\n|30= 30. [[William IX, Adipati Aquitania]]\n|31= 31. [[Philippa, Comtesse Toulouse]]\n\n}}\n \n== Pernikahan & Keturunan ==\nAfonso menikahi [[Urraca dari Kastilia, Ratu Portugal|Infanta Urraca dari Kastilia]], putri [[Alfonso VIII dari Kastilia]] dan [[Leonora dari Aquitania]], pada tahun 1206.\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Nama!!Lahir!!Wafat!!Catatan\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''By [[Urraca dari Kastilia, Ratu Portugal|Urraca dari Kastilia]]''' (1186–1220; menikah tahun 1206)\n|-\n|[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Infante Sancho]]||8 September 1207||4 Januari 1248||Menggantikannya sebagai Sancho II, Raja Keempat di Portugal.\n|-\n|[[Afonso III dari Portugal|Infante Afonso]]||5 Mei 1210||16 Februari 1279||Menggantikan saudaranya Sancho sebagai Afonso III, Raja Kelima di Portugal.\n|-\n|[[Eleanor dari Portugal, Ratu Denmark|Infanta Leonor]] (Eleanor)||1211||1231||Menikah dengan Pangeran Valdemar, putra [[Valdemar II dari Denmark]] dan Margaret dari Bohemia, putri [[Ottokar I dari Bohemia]].\n|-\n|[[Infante Fernando, Maharaja Serpa|Infante Fernando]]||1217||1243||Maharaja [[Serpa]].\n|-\n|Vicente||1219||1219|| \n|-\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n* {{1911}}\n\n{{s-start}}\n{{s-hou|[[Wangsa Burgundia]]|23 April|1185|25 Maret|1223|[[Wangsa Kapetia]]}}\n{{s-reg}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=[[Daftar penguasa Portugal|Raja Portugal]]|years=1211–1223}}\n{{s-aft|after=[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Sancho II]]}}\n{{end}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1185]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1223]]\n[[Kategori:Meninggal usia 37]]\n[[Kategori:Raja Portugal]]\n[[Kategori:Wangsa Burgundia-Portugal]]\n[[Kategori:Reconquista]]","hash":"b27f543cc748c45549479a8d5011883f2faf8d57c850e46450f918eb832803d1","last_revision":"2023-08-30T01:49:06Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T18:37:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.707075","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Alifonso II de Portugal","ar":"أفونسو الثاني ملك البرتغال","arz":"افونسو التانى ملك البرتجال","az":"II Afonso","azb":"ایکینجی آفونسو (پورتوقال)","be":"Афонсу II","bg":"Афонсу II","br":"Afonso II Portugal","bs":"Alfons II, kralj Portugala","ca":"Alfons II de Portugal","co":"Alfonsu II di Portugallu","cs":"Alfons II. Portugalský","da":"Alfons 2. af Portugal","de":"Alfons II. (Portugal)","el":"Αλφόνσος Β΄ της Πορτογαλίας","en":"Afonso II of Portugal","eo":"Alfonso la 2-a (Portugalio)","es":"Alfonso II de Portugal","et":"Afonso II","eu":"Alfontso II.a Portugalgoa","fa":"آفونسوی دوم","fi":"Alfonso II (Portugali)","fo":"Afons II av Portugal","fr":"Alphonse II (roi de Portugal)","gl":"Afonso II de Portugal","he":"אפונסו השני, מלך פורטוגל","hu":"II. Alfonz portugál király","io":"Afonso la 2ma di Portugal","it":"Alfonso II del Portogallo","ja":"アフォンソ2世 (ポルトガル王)","ka":"აფონსუ II (პორტუგალია)","ko":"아폰수 2세 (포르투갈)","mwl":"Fonso II de Pertual","nl":"Alfons II van Portugal","nb":"Alfonso II av Portugal","pl":"Alfons II Gruby","pt":"Afonso II de Portugal","ro":"Afonso al II-lea al Portugaliei","ru":"Афонсу II","sh":"Afonso II od Portugala","sk":"Alfonz II. (Portugalsko)","sr":"Афонсо II од Португалије","sv":"Alfons II av Portugal","th":"พระเจ้าอาฟงซูที่ 2 แห่งโปรตุเกส","tr":"II. Afonso","uk":"Афонсу II","wuu":"阿方索二世（葡萄牙）","zh":"阿方索二世 (葡萄牙)","zh-yue":"亞豐素二世"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Afonso II (Portugis|ɐˈfõsu; Inggris Alphonzo), atau Affonso (Portugis), Alfonso atau Alphonso (Portugis-Galicia) atau Alphonsus (versi Latin), dipanggil \"yang Gemuk\" (Portugis o Gordo), merupakan seorang Raja Portugal ketiga, dilahirkan di Coimbra pada tanggal 23 April 1185 dan wafat pada tanggal 25 Maret 1223 di kota yang sama. Ia merupakan putra kedua dan sulung Sancho I dari Portugal dan istrinya, Dulce, Infanta dari Aragon. Afonso mewarisi tahta ayahnya pada tahun 1212.\n\nSebagai seorang raja, Afonso II menetapkan pemerintahan yang berbeda. Sampai sekarang, ayahnya Sancho I dan kakeknya Afonso I, pada umumnya bersangkutan dengan masalah militer baik dalam melawan kerajaan tetangga, Kastilia atau melawan bangsa Moor di bagian selatan. Afonso tidak memburu peraturan untuk memperluas wilayah dan mengatur untuk menjamin perdamaian dengan Kastilia selama masa pemerintahannya. Selain itu, beberapa kota seperti Alcácer do Sal pada tahun 1217, yang dikuasai oleh orang-orang Moor oleh inisiatif pribadi para bangsawan. Ini bukan berarti bahwa ia lemah atau pengecut. Sebaliknya pada tahun pertama masa pemerintahannya ditandai oleh gangguan internal antara Afonso dan saudara-saudaranya baik laki-laki atau perempuan. Akan tetapi raja mengatur untuk menjaga keamanan di antara perbatasan Portugis hanya dengan melarang dan mengasingkan kerabatnya.\n\nOleh karena masalah militer bukan prioritas pemerintah, Afonso mendirikan administrasi negara dan memusatkan kekuasaan dirinya sendiri. Ia mendisain set pertama peraturan tertulis Portugis. Hal ini pada umumnya berkenaan dengan properti pribadi, sipil hukum, dan pencetakan uang logam. Afonso juga mengirim utusan ke Eropa, ke kerajaan di luar Semenanjung Iberia dan mulai menjalin hubungan perdagangan dengan kebanyakan dari mereka.\n\nReformasi lainnya adalah termasuk menjalin hubungan baik dengan paus untuk menjamin kemerdekaan Portugal diakui oleh Roma, kakeknya, Afonso I, harus mengelola sejumlah besar hak istimewa pada Gereja. Negara ini akhirnya dibuat di dalam negara. Dengan posisi Portugal sebagai sebuah negara mapan didirikan, Afonso II berusaha untuk melemahkan kekuatan pendeta dan untuk menerapkan sebagian pendapatan besar Gereja Katolik Roma untuk tujuan utilitas nasional. Aksi ini mengakibatkan konflik diplomatik yang serius antara paus dan Portugal. Setelah dikucilkan atas kelancangannya oleh Paus Honorius III, Afonso II berjanji untuk menebus kesalahannya pada gereja, akan tetapi ia keburu meninggal pada tahun 1223 sebelum melakukan sesuatu hal untuk menebus kesalahannya tersebut.\n\nAfonso menikahi Infanta Urraca dari Kastilia, putri Alfonso VIII dari Kastilia dan Leonora dari Aquitania, pada tahun 1206.\n\nKategori:Kelahiran 1185 Kategori:Kematian 1223 Kategori:Meninggal usia 37 Kategori:Raja Portugal Kategori:Wangsa Burgundia-Portugal Kategori:Reconquista\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox royalty\n| type =monarch\n| name =Afonso II\n| title =Raja Portugal\n| image =AfonsoII-P.jpg\n| imgw =200\n| caption =Lukisan Afonso II pada abad ke-17\n| reign =26 Maret 1212 – 25 Maret 1223\n| predecessor =[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]\n| successor =[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Sancho II]]\n| spouse =[[Urraca dari Kastilia, Ratu Portugal]]\n| issue =[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Sancho II]]
[[Afonso III dari Portugal|Afonso III]]
[[Eleanor dari Portugal, Ratu Denmark|Leonor, Ratu Denmark]]
[[Infante Fernando, Maharaja Serpa]]\n| issue-link = #Pernikahan dan Keturunan\n| issue-pipe = di antara lainnya...\n| house =[[Wangsa Kapetia|Kapetia]] [[Wangsa Burgundia]]\n| dynasty =[[Burgundia|Wangsa Affonsine]]\n| father =[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]\n| mother =[[Dulce dari Aragon]]\n| date of birth =23 April 1185\n| place of birth =[[Coimbra]], [[Kerajaan Portugal]]\n| date of death =25 Maret 1223 [usia 37]\n| place of death =Coimbra, Kerajaan Portugal\n| place of burial =Biara [[Santa Cruz]], [[Coimbra]], [[(Wilayah) Coimbra|Coimbra]], [[Portugal]]\n|}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Afonso II (Portugis|ɐˈfõsu; Inggris Alphonzo), atau Affonso (Portugis), Alfonso atau Alphonso (Portugis-Galicia) atau Alphonsus (versi Latin), dipanggil \"yang Gemuk\" (Portugis o Gordo), merupakan seorang Raja Portugal ketiga, dilahirkan di Coimbra pada tanggal 23 April 1185 dan wafat pada tanggal 25 Maret 1223 di kota yang sama.","translated_text":"Afonso II (Portuguese: Alphonzo; English: Alphonzo), or Affonso (Portuguese: Alfonso), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese: Galicia) or Alphonsus (Latin: Alphonsus), called \"the Fat One\" (Portuguese: o Gordo), was a third King of Portugal, born at Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan putra kedua dan sulung Sancho I dari Portugal dan istrinya, Dulce, Infanta dari Aragon.","translated_text":"He was the second son and eldest son of Sancho I of Portugal and his wife, Dulce, Infanta of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Afonso mewarisi tahta ayahnya pada tahun 1212.","translated_text":"Afonso inherited his father's throne in 1212.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai seorang raja, Afonso II menetapkan pemerintahan yang berbeda.","translated_text":"As a king, Afonso II established a different government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sampai sekarang, ayahnya Sancho I dan kakeknya Afonso I, pada umumnya bersangkutan dengan masalah militer baik dalam melawan kerajaan tetangga, Kastilia atau melawan bangsa Moor di bagian selatan.","translated_text":"Until now, his father Sancho I and his grandfather Afonso I, generally dealt with military matters either against neighboring kingdoms, Castile or against the Moors in the south.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Afonso tidak memburu peraturan untuk memperluas wilayah dan mengatur untuk menjamin perdamaian dengan Kastilia selama masa pemerintahannya.","translated_text":"Afonso did not hunt down rules to expand the territory and arranged to guarantee peace with Castile during his reign.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, beberapa kota seperti Alcácer do Sal pada tahun 1217, yang dikuasai oleh orang-orang Moor oleh inisiatif pribadi para bangsawan.","translated_text":"In addition, some cities such as Alcácer do Sal in 1217, which were conquered by the Moors by the private initiative of the nobles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini bukan berarti bahwa ia lemah atau pengecut.","translated_text":"This does not mean that he is weak or cowardly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebaliknya pada tahun pertama masa pemerintahannya ditandai oleh gangguan internal antara Afonso dan saudara-saudaranya baik laki-laki atau perempuan.","translated_text":"On the contrary, the first year of his reign was marked by internal disturbances between Afonso and his brothers and sisters.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi raja mengatur untuk menjaga keamanan di antara perbatasan Portugis hanya dengan melarang dan mengasingkan kerabatnya.","translated_text":"But the king arranged to maintain security between the Portuguese borders only by banning and alienating his relatives.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Oleh karena masalah militer bukan prioritas pemerintah, Afonso mendirikan administrasi negara dan memusatkan kekuasaan dirinya sendiri.","translated_text":"Since military matters were not a government priority, Afonso established state administration and centralized his own power.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mendisain set pertama peraturan tertulis Portugis.","translated_text":"He designed the first set of Portuguese written rules.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini pada umumnya berkenaan dengan properti pribadi, sipil hukum, dan pencetakan uang logam.","translated_text":"This generally applies to private property, civil law, and the printing of coins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Afonso juga mengirim utusan ke Eropa, ke kerajaan di luar Semenanjung Iberia dan mulai menjalin hubungan perdagangan dengan kebanyakan dari mereka.","translated_text":"Afonso also sent envoys to Europe, to kingdoms outside the Iberian Peninsula and began to establish trade relations with most of them.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Reformasi lainnya adalah termasuk menjalin hubungan baik dengan paus untuk menjamin kemerdekaan Portugal diakui oleh Roma, kakeknya, Afonso I, harus mengelola sejumlah besar hak istimewa pada Gereja.","translated_text":"Other reforms included establishing good relations with the pope to guarantee Portugal's independence recognized by Rome, his grandfather, Afonso I, having to administer a large number of privileges to the Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Negara ini akhirnya dibuat di dalam negara.","translated_text":"This country is finally made into a country.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan posisi Portugal sebagai sebuah negara mapan didirikan, Afonso II berusaha untuk melemahkan kekuatan pendeta dan untuk menerapkan sebagian pendapatan besar Gereja Katolik Roma untuk tujuan utilitas nasional.","translated_text":"With Portugal's position as an established state established, Afonso II sought to weaken the power of the clergy and to apply a large part of the income of the Roman Catholic Church to national utility purposes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aksi ini mengakibatkan konflik diplomatik yang serius antara paus dan Portugal.","translated_text":"This action resulted in a serious diplomatic conflict between the pope and Portugal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah dikucilkan atas kelancangannya oleh Paus Honorius III, Afonso II berjanji untuk menebus kesalahannya pada gereja, akan tetapi ia keburu meninggal pada tahun 1223 sebelum melakukan sesuatu hal untuk menebus kesalahannya tersebut.","translated_text":"After being excommunicated for his plans by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II vowed to atone for his sins to the church, but he was beaten to death in 1223 before doing anything to atone for them.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Silsilah","translated_text":"The lineage","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pernikahan & Keturunan","translated_text":"Marriage & Descendance","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Afonso menikahi Infanta Urraca dari Kastilia, putri Alfonso VIII dari Kastilia dan Leonora dari Aquitania, pada tahun 1206.","translated_text":"Afonso married Infanta Urraca of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonora of Aquitania, in 1206.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Nama!!Lahir!!Wafat!!Catatan\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''By [[Urraca dari Kastilia, Ratu Portugal|Urraca dari Kastilia]]''' (1186–1220; menikah tahun 1206)\n|-\n|[[Sancho II dari Portugal|Infante Sancho]]||8 September 1207||4 Januari 1248||Menggantikannya sebagai Sancho II, Raja Keempat di Portugal.\n|-\n|[[Afonso III dari Portugal|Infante Afonso]]||5 Mei 1210||16 Februari 1279||Menggantikan saudaranya Sancho sebagai Afonso III, Raja Kelima di Portugal.\n|-\n|[[Eleanor dari Portugal, Ratu Denmark|Infanta Leonor]] (Eleanor)||1211||1231||Menikah dengan Pangeran Valdemar, putra [[Valdemar II dari Denmark]] dan Margaret dari Bohemia, putri [[Ottokar I dari Bohemia]].\n|-\n|[[Infante Fernando, Maharaja Serpa|Infante Fernando]]||1217||1243||Maharaja [[Serpa]].\n|-\n|Vicente||1219||1219|| \n|-\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kelahiran 1185 Kategori:Kematian 1223 Kategori:Meninggal usia 37 Kategori:Raja Portugal Kategori:Wangsa Burgundia-Portugal Kategori:Reconquista","translated_text":":Born 1185 Categories:Death 1223 Categories:Getting out of the age of 37 Categories:King of Portugal Categories:Bourgogne-Portugal Categories:Reconquista","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Sancho I dari Portugal","wikicode":"{{Infobox royalty|monarch\n| name =Sancho I\n| title =Raja Portugal\n| image =SanchoI-P.jpg\n| caption =Lukisan Sancho I pada abad ke-17\n| reign =6 Desember 1185 – 26 Maret 1212\n| coronation =9 Desember 1185\n| predecessor =[[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I]]\n| successor =[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Afonso II]]\n| spouse =[[Dulce dari Aragon]]\n| issue =[[Teresa dari Portugal|Teresa, Ratu Kastilia]]
[[Infanta Sancha dari Portugal (biarawati)|Infanta Sancha]]
[[Infanta Constança dari Portugal|Infanta Constança]]
[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Afonso II]]
[[Infante Pedro, Pangeran Urgell]]
[[Infante Fernando, Pangeran Flandria]]
[[Infanta Branca, Nyonya Guadalajara]]
[[Berengária dari Portugal|Berengária, Ratu Denmark]]
[[Mafalda dari Portugal|Mafalda, Ratu Kastilia]]\n| issue-link = #Pernikahan dan Keturunan\n| issue-pipe = di antara lainnya...\n| royal house =[[Wangsa Kapetia|Kapetia]], [[Wangsa Burgundia]]\n| dynasty =[[Wangsa Burgundia|Wangsa Affonsine]]\n| father =[[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I]]\n| mother =[[Maud dari Savoy]]\n| date of birth ={{birth date|1154|11|11|df=y}}\n| place of birth =[[Coimbra]], [[Kerajaan Portugal]]\n| date of death = 26 Maret 1212 [usia 57]\n| place of death =Coimbra, Kerajaan Portugal\n| place of burial =Biara [[Santa Cruz]], [[Coimbra]], [[(wilayah) Coimbra|Coimbra]], [[Portugal]]\n|}}\n\n'''Sancho I''' ([[bahasa Portugis|ˈsɐʃu]]), disebut juga ([[Bahasa Portugis|Portugis]] ''o Povoador''), merupakan seorang [[Daftar penguasa Portugal|Raja Portugal]] Kedua, yang dilahirkan pada tanggal 11 Nopember 1154 di [[Coimbra]] dan wafat pada tanggal 26 Maret 1212 di kota yang sama. Ia merupakan putra kedua yang masih hidup dan putra sah keempat [[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I Henriques dari Portugal]] dan istrinya, [[Maud dari Savoy]]. Sancho mewarisi tahta ayahnya pada tahun 1185. Ia menggunakan gelar Raja [[Algarve]] dan/atau Raja [[Kotamadya Silves, Portugal|Silves]] di antara tahun 1189 dan 1191.\n\nPada tahun 1170, Sancho diberi gelar kesatria oleh ayahnya, Raja Afonso I, dan sejak saat itu ia menjadi wakilnya, baik secara administratif dan militer. Pada saat itu, kemerdekaan Portugal (yang diumumkan pada tahun 1139) belum secara mantap didirikan. Para raja dari [[Kerajaan León|León]] dan [[Kerajaan Kastilia|Kastilia]] mencoba untuk merebut kembali negara tersebut dan [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] terlalu lambat di dalam memberikan restu dan mengakuinya. Dalam situasi seperti ini, Afonso I harus bersekutu dengan [[Semenanjung Iberia]]. Portugal bersekutu dengan [[Mahkota Aragon]] dan bersama-sama mereka melawan Kastilia dan León. Untuk mengamankan perjanjian, Infante Sancho dari Portugal pada tahun 1174 menikah dengan Infanta [[Dulce dari Aragon]], adik perempuan Raja [[Alfonso II dari Aragon]]. Aragon kemudian menjadi kerajaan pertama di Iberia yang mengakui kemerdekaan Portugal.\n\nDengan kematian Afonso I pada tahun 1185, Sancho I menjadi raja kedua di Portugal. [[Coimbra]] adalah pusat kerajaannya; Sancho mengakhiri perang yang melelahkan dan tak berarti melawan negara tetangganya terhadap kendali di perbatasan [[Galisia (Spanyol)|Galisia]]. Sebaliknya, ia mengalihkan semua perhatiannya ke bagian Selatan, terhadap bangsa [[Moor]] kerajaan kecil (yang disebut [[taifa]]) yang masih berkembang. Dengan pertolongan para pengikut perang salib, ia mengambil [[Kotamadya Silves, Portugal|Silves]] pada tahun 1191. Silves merupakan sebuah kota yang penting di bagian selatan, sebuah kota administratif dan komersial dengan populasi yang berkisar sekitar 20,000 orang. Sancho memerintahkan pembentengan kota tersebut dan membangun sebuah kastel yang sekarang telah menjadi sebuah monumen penting di dalam sejarah Portugis. Walaupun demikian, perhatian militer segera dialihkan ke bagian Utara, di mana León dan Kastilia terancam kembali di perbatasan Portugis. Silves dimenangkan kembali oleh bangsa Moor. Populasi Muslim secara global meningkat sekitar 6 persen sedangkan populasi Kristen hanya 12 persen pada tahun 1200.\n\nSancho I mengabdikan pemerintahannya pada politik dan organisasi administratif di dalam kerajaan baru. Ia mengakumulasikan harta nasional, mendukung industri baru dan pedagang kelas menengah. Lebih dari itu, ia membuat beberapa kota dan desa-desa yang baru (seperti [[Guarda, Portugal|Guarda]] pada tahun 1199) dan merawatnya dengan baik dengan mempopulasikan area yang asing daerah Kristen di bagian Utara, terutama dengan [[Suku Flemish]] dan [[Wilayah Adipati Burgundia|Burgundia]] – lalu kemudian ia disebut sebagai \"yang Berpopulasi\". Sang Raja juga dikenal oleh kecintaannya terhadap pengetahuan dan literatur. Sancho I menulis beberapa buku puisi dan menggunakan harta kerajaan untuk mengirim para pelajar Portugis ke berbagai universitas di Eropa.\n\n== Silsilah ==\n{{Ahnentafel-compact5\n|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;\n|border=1\n|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;\n|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;\n|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;\n|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;\n|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;\n|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;\n|1= 1. ''' Sancho I dari Portugal '''\n|2= 2. [[Afonso I dari Portugal]]\n|3= 3. [[Maud dari Savoy]]\n\n|4= 4. [[Henry, Pangeran Portugal]]\n|5= 5. [[Theresa, Comtesse Portugal]]\n|6= 6. [[Amadeus III, Pangeran Savoy]]\n|7= 7. Mahaut dari Albon\n\n|8= 8. Henry dari Burgundia\n|9=\n|10= 10. [[Alfonso VI dari León dan Kastilia]]\n|11= 11. [[Jimena Muñoz]]\n|12= 12. [[Humbert II, Pangeran Savoy]]\n|13= 13. [[Gisela dari Burgundia (1075–1133)|Gisela dari Burgundia]]\n|14= 14. [[Guigues III dari Albon]]\n|15= 15. Matilda\n\n|16= 16. [[Robert I, Adipati Burgundia]]\n|17= 17. [[Helie dari Semur]]\n\n|18=\n|19=\n\n|20= 20. [[Ferdinand I dari León dan Kastilia]]\n|21= 21. [[Sancha dari León]]\n\n|22= 22. Munio Muñoz\n|23= 23. Velasquita\n\n|24= 24. [[Amadeus II, Pangeran Savoy]]\n|25= 25. Joan dari Geneva\n\n|26= 26. [[William I, Pangeran Burgundia]]\n|27= 27. Stephanie\n\n|28= 28. Guigues II dari Albon\n|29= 29. Adelaide dari Royans\n\n|30=\n|31=\n\n}}\n\n== Pernikahan dan Keturunan ==\nSancho menikahi Dulce dari Aragon, putri [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Pangeran Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer IV]], [[Pangeran Barcelona]], dengan Petronilla, Ratu Aragon.\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Nama!!Lahir!!Wafat!!Catatan\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''Dengan [[Dulce dari Aragon]]''' (1152-1198; menikah pada tahun 1175)\n|-\n|[[Teresa dari Portugal|Infanta Teresa]] (Theresa)||1181||1250||Permaisuri Kastilia melalui pernikahannya dengan Raja [[Alfonso IX dari Kastilia]].\n|-\n|Infante Raimundo (Raymond)||1180||1189|| \n|-\n|[[Infanta Sancha dari Portugal (biarawati)|Infanta Sancha]]||1182||13 Maret 1229||Kepala Biara di Lorvão.\n|-\n|[[Infanta Constança dari Portugal|Infanta Constança (Constance)]]||sekitar 1182||3 Agustus 1202|| \n|-\n|[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Infante Afonso]]||23 April 1185||25 Maret 1223||Menggantikannya sebagai Afonso II, [[Daftar penguasa Portugal|Raja Portugal]] yang Ketiga.\n|-\n|[[Infante Pedro, Pangeran Urgell|Infante Pedro]] (Peter)||23 Februari 1187||2 Juni 1258||Istri [[Pangeran Urgell]], dan kemudian bergelar Pangeran Urgell dan Maharaja [[Kepulauan Balearik]]. Ia tinggal di [[Kerajaan León|León]] dan menikah dengan Arembiaux Armengel, Comtesse Urgell.\n|-\n|[[Infante Fernando, Pangeran Flandria|Infante Fernando]] (Ferdinand)||24 Maret 1188||4 Maret 1233||Istri Pangeran Flandria. Tinggal di [[Prancis]] dan menikahi [[Jeanne dari Flandria]].\n|-\n|Infante Henrique (Henry)||1189||1189|| \n|-\n|[[Infanta Branca, Nyonya Guadalajara|Infanta Branca]] (Blanche)||sekitar 1192||1240||Nyonya Guadalajara.\n|-\n|[[Berengária dari Portugal|Infanta Berengária]]||sekitar 1195||1221||Permaisuri Denmark dengan menikahi Raja [[Valdemar II dari Denmark]].\n|-\n|[[Mafalda dari Portugal|Infanta Mafalda]]||c. 1200||1256||Permaisuri Kastilia dengan menikahi Raja [[Henry I dari Kastilia]].\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''Dengan [[Maria Aires]]''' (c. 1180-?)\n|-\n|[[Martim Sanches, Pangeran Trastamara|Martim Sanches]] or
Henrique Sanches||sekitar 1200||1229||Putra sah dan [[Pangeran Trastamara]].\n|-\n|[[Urraca Sanches]]||c. 1200||1256||Putri sah.\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''Dengan [[Maria Pais Ribeira|Maria Pais Ribeira (Ribeirinha)]]''' (sekitar 1170- sebelum 1258)\n|-\n|[[Rodrigo Sanches]]||sekitar 1200||1245||Putra sah.\n|-\n|[[Gil Sanches]]||sekitar 1200||1236||Putra sah.\n|-\n|[[Nuno Sanches]]||sekitar 1200||?||Putra sah.\n|-\n|[[Teresa Sanches]]||1205||1230||Putri sah.\n|-\n|[[Constança Sanches]]||1210||1269||Putri sah.\n|-\n|[[Maior Sanches]]||?||?||Putri sah.\n|}\n\n{{s-start}}\n{{s-hou|[[Wangsa Burgundia]]|11 Nopember|1154|26 Maret|1212|[[Wangsa Kapetia]]}}\n{{s-reg}}\n{{s-bef|before=[[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I]]}}\n{{s-ttl|title=[[Daftar penguasa Portugal|Raja Portugal]]|years=1185–1212}}\n{{s-aft|after=[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Afonso II]]}}\n{{end}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Penguasa monarki Katolik Roma]]\n[[Kategori:Wangsa Burgundia-Portugal]]\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1154]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1212]]\n[[Kategori:Meninggal usia 57]]\n[[Kategori:Raja Portugal]]\n[[Kategori:Reconquista]]","hash":"dd20216ab7aed65f982896338eb2a24b770cf4aa52230497ba8ec6c08750a798","last_revision":"2022-06-28T18:51:02Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T20:16:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.767395","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Sancho I de Portugal","ar":"سانشو الأول ملك البرتغال","az":"I Sanço","azb":"بیرینجی سانچو (پورتوقال)","be":"Саншу I","bg":"Саншу I","br":"Sancho Iañ Portugal","bs":"Sančo I, kralj Portugala","ca":"Sanç I de Portugal","co":"Sancho I di Portugallu","cs":"Sancho I. Portugalský","cy":"Sancho I, brenin Portiwgal","da":"Sancho 1. af Portugal","de":"Sancho I. (Portugal)","el":"Σάντσο Α΄ της Πορτογαλίας","en":"Sancho I of Portugal","eo":"Sanĉo la 1-a (Portugalio)","es":"Sancho I de Portugal","eu":"Antso I.a Portugalgoa","fa":"سانشوی یکم","fi":"Sancho I (Portugali)","fo":"Xæns I av Portugal","fr":"Sanche Ier (roi de Portugal)","gl":"Sancho I de Portugal","he":"סנשו הראשון, מלך פורטוגל","hr":"Sančo I., portugalski kralj","hu":"I. Sancho portugál király","io":"Sancho la 1ma di Portugal","it":"Sancho I del Portogallo","ja":"サンシュ1世 (ポルトガル王)","ka":"სანშუ I","mr":"पोर्तुगालचा पहिला सांचो","mwl":"Xanso I de Pertual","nl":"Sancho I van Portugal","nb":"Sancho I av Portugal","pl":"Sancho I Kolonizator","pt":"Sancho I de Portugal","ro":"Sancho I al Portugaliei","ru":"Саншу I","scn":"Xans I di Portughallu","sh":"Sancho I od Portugala","sr":"Санчо I од Португалије","sv":"Sancho I av Portugal","th":"พระเจ้าซังชูที่ 1 แห่งโปรตุเกส","tr":"I. Sancho","uk":"Саншу I","vi":"Sancho I của Bồ Đào Nha","wo":"Xans I ci Portugal","wuu":"萨丘一世","zh":"桑乔一世 (葡萄牙)","zh-yue":"桑祖一世"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu), disebut juga (Portugis o Povoador), merupakan seorang Raja Portugal Kedua, yang dilahirkan pada tanggal 11 Nopember 1154 di Coimbra dan wafat pada tanggal 26 Maret 1212 di kota yang sama. Ia merupakan putra kedua yang masih hidup dan putra sah keempat Afonso I Henriques dari Portugal dan istrinya, Maud dari Savoy. Sancho mewarisi tahta ayahnya pada tahun 1185. Ia menggunakan gelar Raja Algarve dan/atau Raja Silves di antara tahun 1189 dan 1191.\n\nPada tahun 1170, Sancho diberi gelar kesatria oleh ayahnya, Raja Afonso I, dan sejak saat itu ia menjadi wakilnya, baik secara administratif dan militer. Pada saat itu, kemerdekaan Portugal (yang diumumkan pada tahun 1139) belum secara mantap didirikan. Para raja dari León dan Kastilia mencoba untuk merebut kembali negara tersebut dan Gereja Katolik Roma terlalu lambat di dalam memberikan restu dan mengakuinya. Dalam situasi seperti ini, Afonso I harus bersekutu dengan Semenanjung Iberia. Portugal bersekutu dengan Mahkota Aragon dan bersama-sama mereka melawan Kastilia dan León. Untuk mengamankan perjanjian, Infante Sancho dari Portugal pada tahun 1174 menikah dengan Infanta Dulce dari Aragon, adik perempuan Raja Alfonso II dari Aragon. Aragon kemudian menjadi kerajaan pertama di Iberia yang mengakui kemerdekaan Portugal.\n\nDengan kematian Afonso I pada tahun 1185, Sancho I menjadi raja kedua di Portugal. Coimbra adalah pusat kerajaannya; Sancho mengakhiri perang yang melelahkan dan tak berarti melawan negara tetangganya terhadap kendali di perbatasan Galisia. Sebaliknya, ia mengalihkan semua perhatiannya ke bagian Selatan, terhadap bangsa Moor kerajaan kecil (yang disebut taifa) yang masih berkembang. Dengan pertolongan para pengikut perang salib, ia mengambil Silves pada tahun 1191. Silves merupakan sebuah kota yang penting di bagian selatan, sebuah kota administratif dan komersial dengan populasi yang berkisar sekitar 20,000 orang. Sancho memerintahkan pembentengan kota tersebut dan membangun sebuah kastel yang sekarang telah menjadi sebuah monumen penting di dalam sejarah Portugis. Walaupun demikian, perhatian militer segera dialihkan ke bagian Utara, di mana León dan Kastilia terancam kembali di perbatasan Portugis. Silves dimenangkan kembali oleh bangsa Moor. Populasi Muslim secara global meningkat sekitar 6 persen sedangkan populasi Kristen hanya 12 persen pada tahun 1200.\n\nSancho I mengabdikan pemerintahannya pada politik dan organisasi administratif di dalam kerajaan baru. Ia mengakumulasikan harta nasional, mendukung industri baru dan pedagang kelas menengah. Lebih dari itu, ia membuat beberapa kota dan desa-desa yang baru (seperti Guarda pada tahun 1199) dan merawatnya dengan baik dengan mempopulasikan area yang asing daerah Kristen di bagian Utara, terutama dengan Suku Flemish dan Burgundia – lalu kemudian ia disebut sebagai \"yang Berpopulasi\". Sang Raja juga dikenal oleh kecintaannya terhadap pengetahuan dan literatur. Sancho I menulis beberapa buku puisi dan menggunakan harta kerajaan untuk mengirim para pelajar Portugis ke berbagai universitas di Eropa.\n\nSancho menikahi Dulce dari Aragon, putri Ramon Berenguer IV, Pangeran Barcelona, dengan Petronilla, Ratu Aragon.\n\nKategori:Penguasa monarki Katolik Roma Kategori:Wangsa Burgundia-Portugal Kategori:Kelahiran 1154 Kategori:Kematian 1212 Kategori:Meninggal usia 57 Kategori:Raja Portugal Kategori:Reconquista\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox royalty|monarch\n| name =Sancho I\n| title =Raja Portugal\n| image =SanchoI-P.jpg\n| caption =Lukisan Sancho I pada abad ke-17\n| reign =6 Desember 1185 – 26 Maret 1212\n| coronation =9 Desember 1185\n| predecessor =[[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I]]\n| successor =[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Afonso II]]\n| spouse =[[Dulce dari Aragon]]\n| issue =[[Teresa dari Portugal|Teresa, Ratu Kastilia]]
[[Infanta Sancha dari Portugal (biarawati)|Infanta Sancha]]
[[Infanta Constança dari Portugal|Infanta Constança]]
[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Afonso II]]
[[Infante Pedro, Pangeran Urgell]]
[[Infante Fernando, Pangeran Flandria]]
[[Infanta Branca, Nyonya Guadalajara]]
[[Berengária dari Portugal|Berengária, Ratu Denmark]]
[[Mafalda dari Portugal|Mafalda, Ratu Kastilia]]\n| issue-link = #Pernikahan dan Keturunan\n| issue-pipe = di antara lainnya...\n| royal house =[[Wangsa Kapetia|Kapetia]], [[Wangsa Burgundia]]\n| dynasty =[[Wangsa Burgundia|Wangsa Affonsine]]\n| father =[[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso I]]\n| mother =[[Maud dari Savoy]]\n| date of birth ={{birth date|1154|11|11|df=y}}\n| place of birth =[[Coimbra]], [[Kerajaan Portugal]]\n| date of death = 26 Maret 1212 [usia 57]\n| place of death =Coimbra, Kerajaan Portugal\n| place of burial =Biara [[Santa Cruz]], [[Coimbra]], [[(wilayah) Coimbra|Coimbra]], [[Portugal]]\n|}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu), disebut juga (Portugis o Povoador), merupakan seorang Raja Portugal Kedua, yang dilahirkan pada tanggal 11 Nopember 1154 di Coimbra dan wafat pada tanggal 26 Maret 1212 di kota yang sama.","translated_text":"Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu), also called (Portuguese o Povoador), was a Second King of Portugal, born on 11 November 1154 in Coimbra and died on 26 March 1212 in the same city.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan putra kedua yang masih hidup dan putra sah keempat Afonso I Henriques dari Portugal dan istrinya, Maud dari Savoy.","translated_text":"He was the second surviving son and fourth legitimate son of Afonso I Henriques of Portugal and his wife, Maud of Savoy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sancho mewarisi tahta ayahnya pada tahun 1185.","translated_text":"Sancho inherited his father's throne in 1185.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menggunakan gelar Raja Algarve dan/atau Raja Silves di antara tahun 1189 dan 1191.","translated_text":"He used the title King of the Algarve and/or King of the Silves between 1189 and 1191.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1170, Sancho diberi gelar kesatria oleh ayahnya, Raja Afonso I, dan sejak saat itu ia menjadi wakilnya, baik secara administratif dan militer.","translated_text":"In 1170, Sancho was knighted by his father, King Afonso I, and since then he has been his deputy, both administratively and militarily.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat itu, kemerdekaan Portugal (yang diumumkan pada tahun 1139) belum secara mantap didirikan.","translated_text":"At that time, Portugal's independence (declared in 1139) had not been firmly established.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para raja dari León dan Kastilia mencoba untuk merebut kembali negara tersebut dan Gereja Katolik Roma terlalu lambat di dalam memberikan restu dan mengakuinya.","translated_text":"The kings of León and Castile tried to recapture the country and the Roman Catholic Church was too slow in blessing and acknowledging it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam situasi seperti ini, Afonso I harus bersekutu dengan Semenanjung Iberia.","translated_text":"In a situation like this, Afonso I must ally himself with the Iberian Peninsula.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Portugal bersekutu dengan Mahkota Aragon dan bersama-sama mereka melawan Kastilia dan León.","translated_text":"Portugal allied itself with the Crown of Aragon and together they fought Castile and León.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mengamankan perjanjian, Infante Sancho dari Portugal pada tahun 1174 menikah dengan Infanta Dulce dari Aragon, adik perempuan Raja Alfonso II dari Aragon.","translated_text":"To secure the treaty, Infante Sancho of Portugal in 1174 married Infanta Dulce of Aragon, sister of King Alfonso II of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aragon kemudian menjadi kerajaan pertama di Iberia yang mengakui kemerdekaan Portugal.","translated_text":"Aragon later became the first Iberian kingdom to recognize Portuguese independence.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan kematian Afonso I pada tahun 1185, Sancho I menjadi raja kedua di Portugal.","translated_text":"With the death of Afonso I in 1185, Sancho I became the second king of Portugal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Coimbra adalah pusat kerajaannya;","translated_text":"Coimbra was the centre of his kingdom;","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sancho mengakhiri perang yang melelahkan dan tak berarti melawan negara tetangganya terhadap kendali di perbatasan Galisia.","translated_text":"Sancho ended a tiring and meaningless war against his neighboring country over control of the Galician border.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebaliknya, ia mengalihkan semua perhatiannya ke bagian Selatan, terhadap bangsa Moor kerajaan kecil (yang disebut taifa) yang masih berkembang.","translated_text":"Instead, he turned his attention to the South, to the small Moorish kingdom (called taifa) that was still thriving.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan pertolongan para pengikut perang salib, ia mengambil Silves pada tahun 1191.","translated_text":"With the help of crusaders, he took Silves in 1191.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Silves merupakan sebuah kota yang penting di bagian selatan, sebuah kota administratif dan komersial dengan populasi yang berkisar sekitar 20,000 orang.","translated_text":"Silves is an important city in the south, an administrative and commercial city with a population of about 20,000.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sancho memerintahkan pembentengan kota tersebut dan membangun sebuah kastel yang sekarang telah menjadi sebuah monumen penting di dalam sejarah Portugis.","translated_text":"Sancho ordered the fortification of the city and built a castle that has now become an important monument in Portuguese history.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Walaupun demikian, perhatian militer segera dialihkan ke bagian Utara, di mana León dan Kastilia terancam kembali di perbatasan Portugis.","translated_text":"Nevertheless, military attention was immediately diverted to the North, where León and Castile were again threatened on the Portuguese border.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Silves dimenangkan kembali oleh bangsa Moor.","translated_text":"Silves was conquered back by the Moors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Populasi Muslim secara global meningkat sekitar 6 persen sedangkan populasi Kristen hanya 12 persen pada tahun 1200.","translated_text":"The global Muslim population increased by about 6 percent compared with only 12 percent of the Christian population in 1200.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sancho I mengabdikan pemerintahannya pada politik dan organisasi administratif di dalam kerajaan baru.","translated_text":"Sancho I devoted his reign to politics and administrative organization within the new kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengakumulasikan harta nasional, mendukung industri baru dan pedagang kelas menengah.","translated_text":"It accumulated national wealth, supported new industries and middle-class merchants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lebih dari itu, ia membuat beberapa kota dan desa-desa yang baru (seperti Guarda pada tahun 1199) dan merawatnya dengan baik dengan mempopulasikan area yang asing daerah Kristen di bagian Utara, terutama dengan Suku Flemish dan Burgundia – lalu kemudian ia disebut sebagai \"yang Berpopulasi\".","translated_text":"Moreover, he created some new towns and villages (such as the Guarda in 1199) and took good care of them by populating areas that were foreign to Christian areas in the North, especially with the Flemish and Burgundy tribes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sang Raja juga dikenal oleh kecintaannya terhadap pengetahuan dan literatur.","translated_text":"The King was also known for his love of knowledge and literature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sancho I menulis beberapa buku puisi dan menggunakan harta kerajaan untuk mengirim para pelajar Portugis ke berbagai universitas di Eropa.","translated_text":"Sancho I wrote several books of poetry and used the royal treasures to send Portuguese students to various universities in Europe.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Silsilah","translated_text":"The lineage","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pernikahan dan Keturunan","translated_text":"Marriage and Descent","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sancho menikahi Dulce dari Aragon, putri Ramon Berenguer IV, Pangeran Barcelona, dengan Petronilla, Ratu Aragon.","translated_text":"Sancho married Dulce of Aragon, daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Prince of Barcelona, to Petronilla, Queen of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n!Nama!!Lahir!!Wafat!!Catatan\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''Dengan [[Dulce dari Aragon]]''' (1152-1198; menikah pada tahun 1175)\n|-\n|[[Teresa dari Portugal|Infanta Teresa]] (Theresa)||1181||1250||Permaisuri Kastilia melalui pernikahannya dengan Raja [[Alfonso IX dari Kastilia]].\n|-\n|Infante Raimundo (Raymond)||1180||1189|| \n|-\n|[[Infanta Sancha dari Portugal (biarawati)|Infanta Sancha]]||1182||13 Maret 1229||Kepala Biara di Lorvão.\n|-\n|[[Infanta Constança dari Portugal|Infanta Constança (Constance)]]||sekitar 1182||3 Agustus 1202|| \n|-\n|[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Infante Afonso]]||23 April 1185||25 Maret 1223||Menggantikannya sebagai Afonso II, [[Daftar penguasa Portugal|Raja Portugal]] yang Ketiga.\n|-\n|[[Infante Pedro, Pangeran Urgell|Infante Pedro]] (Peter)||23 Februari 1187||2 Juni 1258||Istri [[Pangeran Urgell]], dan kemudian bergelar Pangeran Urgell dan Maharaja [[Kepulauan Balearik]]. Ia tinggal di [[Kerajaan León|León]] dan menikah dengan Arembiaux Armengel, Comtesse Urgell.\n|-\n|[[Infante Fernando, Pangeran Flandria|Infante Fernando]] (Ferdinand)||24 Maret 1188||4 Maret 1233||Istri Pangeran Flandria. Tinggal di [[Prancis]] dan menikahi [[Jeanne dari Flandria]].\n|-\n|Infante Henrique (Henry)||1189||1189|| \n|-\n|[[Infanta Branca, Nyonya Guadalajara|Infanta Branca]] (Blanche)||sekitar 1192||1240||Nyonya Guadalajara.\n|-\n|[[Berengária dari Portugal|Infanta Berengária]]||sekitar 1195||1221||Permaisuri Denmark dengan menikahi Raja [[Valdemar II dari Denmark]].\n|-\n|[[Mafalda dari Portugal|Infanta Mafalda]]||c. 1200||1256||Permaisuri Kastilia dengan menikahi Raja [[Henry I dari Kastilia]].\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''Dengan [[Maria Aires]]''' (c. 1180-?)\n|-\n|[[Martim Sanches, Pangeran Trastamara|Martim Sanches]] or
Henrique Sanches||sekitar 1200||1229||Putra sah dan [[Pangeran Trastamara]].\n|-\n|[[Urraca Sanches]]||c. 1200||1256||Putri sah.\n|-\n|colspan=4|'''Dengan [[Maria Pais Ribeira|Maria Pais Ribeira (Ribeirinha)]]''' (sekitar 1170- sebelum 1258)\n|-\n|[[Rodrigo Sanches]]||sekitar 1200||1245||Putra sah.\n|-\n|[[Gil Sanches]]||sekitar 1200||1236||Putra sah.\n|-\n|[[Nuno Sanches]]||sekitar 1200||?||Putra sah.\n|-\n|[[Teresa Sanches]]||1205||1230||Putri sah.\n|-\n|[[Constança Sanches]]||1210||1269||Putri sah.\n|-\n|[[Maior Sanches]]||?||?||Putri sah.\n|}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Penguasa monarki Katolik Roma Kategori:Wangsa Burgundia-Portugal Kategori:Kelahiran 1154 Kategori:Kematian 1212 Kategori:Meninggal usia 57 Kategori:Raja Portugal Kategori:Reconquista","translated_text":":Ruler of the Roman Catholic monarchy Categories: Burgundy-PortugalCategory:Born 1154Category:Death 1212Category:Departing age 57Category:King of PortugalCategory:Reconquista","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Dulce dari Aragon","wikicode":"{{Infobox royalty|majesty|consort\n| name =Dulcía dari Aragon[Josefina and María Dolores Mateu Ibars (1980): [http://books.google.es/books?id=aEx8TJoXiAEC&lpg=PP1&pg=617#v=onepage&q=Dulce&f=false ''Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragón: Siglo IX-XVIII'']. Universitat Barcelona, p. 617. ISBN 978-84-7528-694-5:{{Cite|Dulce de Aragón, hija de Ramón Berenguer IV de Barcelona|J. y Mª D. Mateu Ibars, ''op. cit.'', pág. 617.}}]\n| title =[[Permaisuri]] [[Portugal]]\n| image =2- Rainha D. Dulce.jpg\n| caption =Dulce dari Aragon\n| consortreign =1185 - 1198\n| spouse =[[Sancho I dari Portugal]]\n| issue =[[Teresa dari Portugal|Teresa, Ratu León]]
[[Sancha dari Portugal]]
[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]
[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Infante Afonso (kemudian Afonso II)]]
[[Pedro I dari Urgell]]
[[Fernando dari Flandria]]
[[Branca dari Guadalajara|Infanta Branca, Nyonya Guadalajara]]
[[Berengária dari Portugal|Bengjerd, Ratu Denmark]]
[[Mafalda dari Portugal|Mafalda, Ratu Kastilia]]\n| royal house =[[Wangsa Aragon]]\n| father =[[Ramón Berenguer IV]]\n| mother =[[Petronila dari Aragon]]\n| date of birth =1160\n| place of birth =\n| date of death =1198\n| place of death =\n}}\n\n'''Dulce dari Aragon'''{{efn|\"Dulce de Aragón, hija de Ramón Berenguer IV de Barcelona\"{{Sfn|Mateu Ibars|Mateu Ibars|1980|p=617}}}}{{efn|\"Dulce de Aragão, filha de Raimundo Berenguer IV...\"{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=334}}}}{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=81}} (atau '''dari Barcelona''') {{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=83}}(1160–1198) merupakan istri dan [[Permaisuri]] Raja [[Sancho I dari Portugal]]. Ia merupakan putri sulung [[Ramón Berenguer IV]] dan istrinya Ratu [[Petronila dari Aragon]]. Ia juga merupakan saudari calon Raja [[Alfonso II dari Aragon]].\n\n== Ratu Portugal ==\nDulce dinikahkan dengan Pangeran Sancho, putra [[Afonso I dari Portugal|raja Portugal pertama]] pada tahun 1174 ketika ia berusia sebelas tahun. {{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|pp=290 and 334}}{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=83}}Suatu peristiwa yang memperbaharui pertalian di antara [[Kerajaan Portugal|Portugal]] dan kampung halamannya [[Mahkota Aragon|Aragon]]. Pertalian tersebut diatur oleh kakandanya, Raja [[Alfonso II dari Aragon]]. Tidak banyak yang diketahui tentang hidupnya sebelum kedatangannya di Portugal atau mahar pernikahan yang diterimanya setelah pernikahan dilangsungkan. {{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=84}}Dengan kenaikan takhta suaminya pada tahun 1185, ia kemudian menjadi seorang [[Permaisuri]].\n\n\"Seorang wanita yang cantik dan sangat baik, sifatnya tenang dan sederhana, kepribadiannya sesuai dengan namanya,\"{{efn|Translation of \"Formosa e excellente senhora, tranquilla e modesta, condizente no carácter com o nome\" (Dulce means \"sweet\") according to Lucian Cordeiro.{{Sfn|Rodríguez Oliveira|2010|p=83}}}} Dulce digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyegel aliansi yang ditujukan untuk \"menguatkan Portugal dan untuk menopang ekspansionisme Kastilia dan León\" dan ia memainkan peran yang diharapkan darinya sebagai istri dan sebagai ibunda dari anak-anaknya\".{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=334}}{{Sfn|Rodríguez Oliveira|2010|pp=83-84}} Pada saat yang sama, pernikahan itu mengkompensasikan pertunangan yang gagal di antara saudari suaminya, Infanta [[Mafalda Afonso|Mafalda]] dengan saudaranya, calon raja Alfonso II dari Aragon.{{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=334}} Dengan kematian Raja [[Afonso I dari Portugal|Afonso Henriques]] pada tahun 1185, suaminya naik takhta dan ia menjadi [[Permaisuri]] Portugal. Di dalam wasiat pertamanya, yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 1188, suaminya memberinya pendapatan dari [[Alenquer, Portugal|Alenquer]], dari wilayah di sepanjang tepi [[Sungai Vouga]], [[Santa Maria da Feira]] dan [[Oporto]].{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=84}}\n\nDulce tidak hidup lama setelah kelahiran kedua putrinya yang terakhir, Branca dan Berengaria yang kemungkinan kembar, dan meninggal pada tahun 1198 diduga terkena suatu [[Pes bubo|wabah]] dan lemah karena melahirkan. Ia dimakamkan di dalam Biara Santa Cruz, Coimbra.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=55, 85 and 95}}\n\n== Keturunan Sancho dan Dulcía ==\n* [[Teresa dari Portugal|Teresa, Ratu León]], lahir 1181, meninggal 1250, {{Sfn|Mattoso|2014|p=334}}{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=84}} menikahi Raja [[Alfonso IX dari León]] dan dibeatifikasikan pada tahun 1705\n* [[Raimundo dari Portugal|Raimundo]], lahir skt. 1180, meninggal 1189{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}}\n* [[Sancha dari Portugal|Sancha]], lahir 1182, meninggal 13 Maret 1229. {{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=84 and 89}} Ia mendirikan Biara Celas di dekat Coimbra dimana ia tinggal sampai kematiannya. Saudarinya Teresa memakamkannya di Biara Lorvão. Ia dibeatifikasikan oleh [[Paus Klemens XI]] pada tahun 1705, pada tahun yang sama dengan Teresa.\n* [[Constança dari Portugal|Constance]], lahir 1182, meninggal 3 Agustus 1202{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=84}}\n* [[Afonso II dari Portugal|Afonso II]], lahir 23 April 1186{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}}, meninggal 25 Maret 1223, menggantikan [[Sancho I dari Portugal]] sebagai [[Raja Portugal]] Ketiga\n* [[Pedro I dari Urgell|Pedro]], lahir 23 Februari 1187,{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}} meninggal 2 Juni 1258, [[Daftar Comte Urgell|Comte Urgell]] dan Señor [[Kepulauan Balearik]],
tinggal di [[Kerajaan León|León]] dan menikahi Comtesse [[Aurembiaix dari Urgell]]\n* [[Fernando dari Flandria|Fernando]], lahir 24 Maret 1188, {{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}}meninggal 4 Maret 1233. Tinggal di [[Prancis]] dan menikahi [[Jeanne dari Flandria]]\n* Enrique, lahir dan meninggal 1189{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}}\n* [[Branca dari Guadalajara|Infanta Branca]], lahir 1198, meninggal 1240, diduga saudari kembar Berengaria.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}} Ia dibesarkan di dalam istana dengan ayahandanya dan gundiknya \"seorang Ribeirinha\" dan ketika ia berusia delapan atau sepuluh tahun, dikirim untuk tinggal bersama saudari-saudarinya di Biara Lorvão. Ia menjadi seorang suster di sebuah biara di [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]] dan dimakamkan di biara yang sama dengan ibundanya;{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=85 and 92}}\n* [[Berengária dari Portugal|Berengária]], lahir 1198, meninggal 1221, {{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}}menikah dengan Raja [[Valdemar II dari Denmark]] pada tahun 1214.{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|pp=85 and 93}}\n* [[Mafalda dari Portugal|Mafalda]], lahir 1195, meninggal 1196,{{Sfn|Rodrigues Oliveira|2010|p=85}} menikah dengan Raja [[Enrique I dari Kastilia]]\n\n== Catatan ==\n{{notelist}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|30em}}\n\n== Bibliografi ==\n{{refbegin}}\n* {{cite book|last1 =Mateu Ibars|first1=Josefina|last2=Mateu Ibars|first2=María Dolores|publisher =Universitat Barcelona|title =Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragón: Siglo IX-XVIII|year=1980|location=Barcelona|isbn=978-84-7528-694-5|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=aEx8TJoXiAEC&pg=PA617&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|ref=harv}}\n* {{cite book |last=Mattoso|first = José|authorlink =José Mattoso|title = D. Afonso Henriques|year = 2014|publisher = Temas e Debates|language =pt|location=Lisbon|isbn= 978-972-759-911-0|ref=harv}}\n* {{cite book|last=Rodrigues Oliveira|first= Ana|title= Rainhas medievais de Portugal. Dezassete mulheres, duas dinastias, quatro séculos de História|language= pt |publisher= A esfera dos livros |location = Lisbon| year= 2010|isbn= 978-989-626-261-7|ref=harv}}\n{{refend}}\n\n{{Start box}}\n{{Succession box|title=[[Daftar Permaisuri Portugal|Permaisuri Portugal]]|before=[[Maud dari Savoia]]|after=[[Urraca dari Kastilia]]|years=1185–1198}}\n{{End box}}\n{{Infanta Aragon}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1160]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1198]]\n[[Kategori:Permaisuri Portugal]]\n[[Kategori:Wanita abad pertengahan Portugal]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Portugis abad ke-12]]\n[[Kategori:Wanita abad ke-12]]","hash":"c1fb4955e7cd1fdbee3f52eaf247436a9b2bd80fe3240e56761e338d61b91651","last_revision":"2024-01-21T00:33:25Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T20:38:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.828830","cross_lingual_links":{"an":"Dulcía d'Aragón","ar":"دولس�� الأراغونية","ast":"Dulce d'Aragón","bg":"Дулсе Арагонска","br":"Dolça de Barcelona","ca":"Dolça de Barcelona","cs":"Dulce Aragonská","de":"Dulce von Barcelona","el":"Ντούλσε της Αραγωνίας","en":"Dulce of Aragon","es":"Dulce de Aragón","fr":"Douce d'Aragon","it":"Dolce di Barcellona","ja":"ドゥルセ・ベレンゲル・デ・バルセロナ","ka":"დულკა არაგონელი","nl":"Dulce van Barcelona","pl":"Dulce Berenguer","pt":"Dulce de Aragão","ru":"Дульса Арагонская","sv":"Dulce av Aragonien","th":"ด็อลซาแห่งอารากอน สมเด็จพระราชินีแห่งโปรตุเกส","uk":"Дульса Арагонська"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Dulce dari Aragon (atau dari Barcelona) (1160–1198) merupakan istri dan Permaisuri Raja Sancho I dari Portugal. Ia merupakan putri sulung Ramón Berenguer IV dan istrinya Ratu Petronila dari Aragon. Ia juga merupakan saudari calon Raja Alfonso II dari Aragon.\n\nDulce dinikahkan dengan Pangeran Sancho, putra raja Portugal pertama pada tahun 1174 ketika ia berusia sebelas tahun. Suatu peristiwa yang memperbaharui pertalian di antara Portugal dan kampung halamannya Aragon. Pertalian tersebut diatur oleh kakandanya, Raja Alfonso II dari Aragon. Tidak banyak yang diketahui tentang hidupnya sebelum kedatangannya di Portugal atau mahar pernikahan yang diterimanya setelah pernikahan dilangsungkan. Dengan kenaikan takhta suaminya pada tahun 1185, ia kemudian menjadi seorang Permaisuri.\n\n\"Seorang wanita yang cantik dan sangat baik, sifatnya tenang dan sederhana, kepribadiannya sesuai dengan namanya,\" Dulce digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyegel aliansi yang ditujukan untuk \"menguatkan Portugal dan untuk menopang ekspansionisme Kastilia dan León\" dan ia memainkan peran yang diharapkan darinya sebagai istri dan sebagai ibunda dari anak-anaknya\". Pada saat yang sama, pernikahan itu mengkompensasikan pertunangan yang gagal di antara saudari suaminya, Infanta Mafalda dengan saudaranya, calon raja Alfonso II dari Aragon. Dengan kematian Raja Afonso Henriques pada tahun 1185, suaminya naik takhta dan ia menjadi Permaisuri Portugal. Di dalam wasiat pertamanya, yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 1188, suaminya memberinya pendapatan dari Alenquer, dari wilayah di sepanjang tepi Sungai Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira dan Oporto.\n\nDulce tidak hidup lama setelah kelahiran kedua putrinya yang terakhir, Branca dan Berengaria yang kemungkinan kembar, dan meninggal pada tahun 1198 diduga terkena suatu wabah dan lemah karena melahirkan. Ia dimakamkan di dalam Biara Santa Cruz, Coimbra.\n\nTeresa, Ratu León, lahir 1181, meninggal 1250, menikahi Raja Alfonso IX dari León dan dibeatifikasikan pada tahun 1705 Raimundo, lahir skt. 1180, meninggal 1189 Sancha, lahir 1182, meninggal 13 Maret 1229. Ia mendirikan Biara Celas di dekat Coimbra dimana ia tinggal sampai kematiannya. Saudarinya Teresa memakamkannya di Biara Lorvão. Ia dibeatifikasikan oleh Paus Klemens XI pada tahun 1705, pada tahun yang sama dengan Teresa. Constance, lahir 1182, meninggal 3 Agustus 1202 Afonso II, lahir 23 April 1186, meninggal 25 Maret 1223, menggantikan Sancho I dari Portugal sebagai Raja Portugal Ketiga Pedro, lahir 23 Februari 1187, meninggal 2 Juni 1258, Comte Urgell dan Señor Kepulauan Balearik, tinggal di León dan menikahi Comtesse Aurembiaix dari Urgell Fernando, lahir 24 Maret 1188, meninggal 4 Maret 1233. Tinggal di Prancis dan menikahi Jeanne dari Flandria Enrique, lahir dan meninggal 1189 Infanta Branca, lahir 1198, meninggal 1240, diduga saudari kembar Berengaria. Ia dibesarkan di dalam istana dengan ayahandanya dan gundiknya \"seorang Ribeirinha\" dan ketika ia berusia delapan atau sepuluh tahun, dikirim untuk tinggal bersama saudari-saudarinya di Biara Lorvão. Ia menjadi seorang suster di sebuah biara di Guadalajara dan dimakamkan di biara yang sama dengan ibundanya; Berengária, lahir 1198, meninggal 1221, menikah dengan Raja Valdemar II dari Denmark pada tahun 1214. Mafalda, lahir 1195, meninggal 1196, menikah dengan Raja Enrique I dari Kastilia\n\nKategori:Kelahiran 1160 Kategori:Kematian 1198 Kategori:Permaisuri Portugal Kategori:Wanita abad pertengahan Portugal Kategori:Tokoh Portugis abad ke-12 Kategori:Wanita abad ke-12\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox royalty|majesty|consort\n| name =Dulcía dari Aragon[Josefina and María Dolores Mateu Ibars (1980): [http://books.google.es/books?id=aEx8TJoXiAEC&lpg=PP1&pg=617#v=onepage&q=Dulce&f=false ''Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragón: Siglo IX-XVIII'']. Universitat Barcelona, p. 617. ISBN 978-84-7528-694-5:{{Cite|Dulce de Aragón, hija de Ramón Berenguer IV de Barcelona|J. y Mª D. Mateu Ibars, ''op. cit.'', pág. 617.}}]\n| title =[[Permaisuri]] [[Portugal]]\n| image =2- Rainha D. Dulce.jpg\n| caption =Dulce dari Aragon\n| consortreign =1185 - 1198\n| spouse =[[Sancho I dari Portugal]]\n| issue =[[Teresa dari Portugal|Teresa, Ratu León]]
[[Sancha dari Portugal]]
[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I]]
[[Afonso II dari Portugal|Infante Afonso (kemudian Afonso II)]]
[[Pedro I dari Urgell]]
[[Fernando dari Flandria]]
[[Branca dari Guadalajara|Infanta Branca, Nyonya Guadalajara]]
[[Berengária dari Portugal|Bengjerd, Ratu Denmark]]
[[Mafalda dari Portugal|Mafalda, Ratu Kastilia]]\n| royal house =[[Wangsa Aragon]]\n| father =[[Ramón Berenguer IV]]\n| mother =[[Petronila dari Aragon]]\n| date of birth =1160\n| place of birth =\n| date of death =1198\n| place of death =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dulce dari Aragon (atau dari Barcelona) (1160–1198) merupakan istri dan Permaisuri Raja Sancho I dari Portugal.","translated_text":"Dulce of Aragon (or of Barcelona) (1160 ⁇ 1198) was the wife and Empress of King Sancho I of Portugal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan putri sulung Ramón Berenguer IV dan istrinya Ratu Petronila dari Aragon.","translated_text":"She was the eldest daughter of Ramón Berenguer IV and his wife Queen Petronila of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga merupakan saudari calon Raja Alfonso II dari Aragon.","translated_text":"She was also the sister of the future King Alfonso II of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ratu Portugal","translated_text":"Queen of Portugal","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dulce dinikahkan dengan Pangeran Sancho, putra raja Portugal pertama pada tahun 1174 ketika ia berusia sebelas tahun.","translated_text":"Dulce married Prince Sancho, the son of the first king of Portugal in 1174 when he was eleven years old.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suatu peristiwa yang memperbaharui pertalian di antara Portugal dan kampung halamannya Aragon.","translated_text":"An event that renewed the ties between Portugal and its homeland of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertalian tersebut diatur oleh kakandanya, Raja Alfonso II dari Aragon.","translated_text":"The relationship was arranged by his grandfather, King Alfonso II of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak banyak yang diketahui tentang hidupnya sebelum kedatangannya di Portugal atau mahar pernikahan yang diterimanya setelah pernikahan dilangsungkan.","translated_text":"Little is known of his life before his arrival in Portugal or of the marriage gift he received after the marriage took place.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan kenaikan takhta suaminya pada tahun 1185, ia kemudian menjadi seorang Permaisuri.","translated_text":"With her husband's accession to the throne in 1185, she later became a Queen.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"Seorang wanita yang cantik dan sangat baik, sifatnya tenang dan sederhana, kepribadiannya sesuai dengan namanya,\" Dulce digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyegel aliansi yang ditujukan untuk \"menguatkan Portugal dan untuk menopang ekspansionisme Kastilia dan León\" dan ia memainkan peran yang diharapkan darinya sebagai istri dan sebagai ibunda dari anak-anaknya\".","translated_text":"\"A beautiful and very kind woman, calm and simple in nature, her personality lives up to her name\", Dulce was used as a tool to seal an alliance aimed at \"strengthening Portugal and to sustain the expansionism of Castile and León\" and she played the role expected of her as wife and mother of her children.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada saat yang sama, pernikahan itu mengkompensasikan pertunangan yang gagal di antara saudari suaminya, Infanta Mafalda dengan saudaranya, calon raja Alfonso II dari Aragon.","translated_text":"At the same time, the marriage compensated for the failed engagement between her husband's sister, Infanta Mafalda, and her brother, future king Alfonso II of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan kematian Raja Afonso Henriques pada tahun 1185, suaminya naik takhta dan ia menjadi Permaisuri Portugal.","translated_text":"With the death of King Afonso Henriques in 1185, her husband ascended the throne and she became Queen of Portugal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam wasiat pertamanya, yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 1188, suaminya memberinya pendapatan dari Alenquer, dari wilayah di sepanjang tepi Sungai Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira dan Oporto.","translated_text":"In her first will, executed in 1188, her husband gave her income from the Alenquer, from the territories along the banks of the Vouga River, Santa Maria da Feira and Oporto.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dulce tidak hidup lama setelah kelahiran kedua putrinya yang terakhir, Branca dan Berengaria yang kemungkinan kembar, dan meninggal pada tahun 1198 diduga terkena suatu wabah dan lemah karena melahirkan.","translated_text":"Dulce did not live long after the birth of her last two daughters, Branca and Berengaria who were probably twins, and died in 1198 allegedly of an outbreak and weakness due to childbirth.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dimakamkan di dalam Biara Santa Cruz, Coimbra.","translated_text":"He was buried in the convent of Santa Cruz, Coimbra.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keturunan Sancho dan Dulcía","translated_text":"Descendants of Sancho and Dulcía","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Teresa, Ratu León, lahir 1181, meninggal 1250, menikahi Raja Alfonso IX dari León dan dibeatifikasikan pada tahun 1705 Raimundo, lahir skt.","translated_text":"Teresa, Queen of León, born 1181, died 1250, married King Alfonso IX of León and was beatified in 1705 Raimundo, born sct.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"1180, meninggal 1189 Sancha, lahir 1182, meninggal 13 Maret 1229.","translated_text":"1180, died 1189 Sancha, born 1182, died 13 March 1229.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mendirikan Biara Celas di dekat Coimbra dimana ia tinggal sampai kematiannya.","translated_text":"He founded the Convent of Celas near Coimbra where he lived until his death.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saudarinya Teresa memakamkannya di Biara Lorvão.","translated_text":"His sister Teresa buried him in Lorvão Monastery.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dibeatifikasikan oleh Paus Klemens XI pada tahun 1705, pada tahun yang sama dengan Teresa.","translated_text":"She was beatified by Pope Clement XI in 1705, the same year as Teresa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Constance, lahir 1182, meninggal 3 Agustus 1202 Afonso II, lahir 23 April 1186, meninggal 25 Maret 1223, menggantikan Sancho I dari Portugal sebagai Raja Portugal Ketiga Pedro, lahir 23 Februari 1187, meninggal 2 Juni 1258, Comte Urgell dan Señor Kepulauan Balearik, tinggal di León dan menikahi Comtesse Aurembiaix dari Urgell Fernando, lahir 24 Maret 1188, meninggal 4 Maret 1233.","translated_text":"Constance, born 1182, died 3 August 1202 Afonso II, born 23 April 1186, died 25 March 1223, succeeded Sancho I of Portugal as the Third King of Portugal Pedro, born 23 February 1187, died 2 June 1258, Count Urgell and Señor of the Balearic Islands, lived in León and married Countess Aurembiaix of Urgell Fernando, born 24 March 1188, died 4 March 1233.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tinggal di Prancis dan menikahi Jeanne dari Flandria Enrique, lahir dan meninggal 1189 Infanta Branca, lahir 1198, meninggal 1240, diduga saudari kembar Berengaria.","translated_text":"Lived in France and married Jeanne of Flanders Enrique, born and died 1189 Infanta Branca, born 1198, died 1240, presumed to be the twin sister of Charming.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dibesarkan di dalam istana dengan ayahandanya dan gundiknya \"seorang Ribeirinha\" dan ketika ia berusia delapan atau sepuluh tahun, dikirim untuk tinggal bersama saudari-saudarinya di Biara Lorvão.","translated_text":"He was brought up in a palace with his father and his mistress \"a Ribeirinha\" and when he was eight or ten years old, was sent to live with his sisters at Lorvão Monastery.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjadi seorang suster di sebuah biara di Guadalajara dan dimakamkan di biara yang sama dengan ibundanya; Berengária, lahir 1198, meninggal 1221, menikah dengan Raja Valdemar II dari Denmark pada tahun 1214.","translated_text":"She became a nun in a monastery in Guadalajara and was buried in the same monastery as her mother; Berengária, born 1198, died 1221, married King Valdemar II of Denmark in 1214.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mafalda, lahir 1195, meninggal 1196, menikah dengan Raja Enrique I dari Kastilia","translated_text":"Mafalda, born 1195, died 1196, married King Enrique I of Castile","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan","translated_text":"Notes","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bibliografi","translated_text":"The Bibliography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kelahiran 1160 Kategori:Kematian 1198 Kategori:Permaisuri Portugal Kategori:Wanita abad pertengahan Portugal Kategori:Tokoh Portugis abad ke-12 Kategori:Wanita abad ke-12","translated_text":": Birth 1160 Categories:Death 1198 Categories:Queen of Portugal Categories:Medieval Portuguese women Categories:Portuguese figures of the 12th century Categories:Women of the 12th century","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Rot-Weiss Essen","wikicode":"{{Football club infobox |\n clubname = Rot-Weiss Essen |\n image = [[Berkas:Rot-Weiss Essen logo.svg|Center|200px]]|\n fullname = Rot-Weiß Essen e.V. |\n nickname = ''RWE'', ''Die Roten'' |\n founded = 1 Februari 1907 |\n ground = [[Georg-Melches-Stadion]] |\n capacity = 20,650 |\n chairman = [[Marcus Uhlig]] |\n mgrtitle = Manajer |\n manager = [[Christoph Dabrowski]] |\n league = [[3. Liga]] |\n season = [[3. Liga 2022–2023|2022–23]] |\n position = [[3. Liga]], ke–15 |\n current = 3. Liga 2023–2024\n|pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_nikevwhite|pattern_ra1=\n|leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FF0000\n|pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_freiburg1011a|pattern_ra2=\n|leftarm2=FFffff|body2=FFffff|rightarm2=FFffff|shorts2=FF0000|socks2=FFffff\n}}\n'''Rot-Weiss Essen''' adalah klub sepak bola di [[Jerman]] berbasis di kota [[Essen]].\n\n== Prestasi ==\n* Juara Jerman: 1955\n* [[Piala Jerman]]/[[DFB Pokal]]: 1953\n\n{{Bundesliga}}\n{{jerman-sb-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Klub sepak bola Jerman]]","hash":"3e4b524df8d0e6939026dd432535278eda43c2f44d84249c587039919e265f91","last_revision":"2024-03-13T13:16:44Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T21:04:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.883815","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"SC Rooiwit Essen","ar":"روت فايس إيسن","arz":"روت فايس ايسن","azb":"روتوایس اسن فوتبال کولوبو","bg":"ФК Рот-Вайс (Есен)","ca":"Rot-Weiss Essen","cs":"Rot-Weiss Essen","da":"Rot-Weiss Essen","de":"Rot-Weiss Essen","diq":"Rot-Weiss Essen","el":"Ροτ-Βάις Έσσεν","en":"Rot-Weiss Essen","es":"Rot-Weiss Essen","fa":"باشگاه فوتبال روتوایس اسن","fi":"Rot-Weiss Essen","fr":"Rot-Weiss Essen","he":"רוט-וייס אסן","hu":"Rot-Weiß Essen","it":"Rot-Weiss Essen","ja":"ロートヴァイス・エッセン","ko":"로트바이스 에센","lt":"SC Rot-Weiß Essen","mzn":"روتوایس اسن","nl":"Rot-Weiss Essen","nb":"Rot-Weiss Essen","pl":"Rot-Weiss Essen","pt":"Rot-Weiss Essen","ro":"Rot-Weiss Essen","ru":"Рот-Вайсс (футбольный клуб, Эссен)","simple":"Rot-Weiss Essen","sv":"Rot-Weiss Essen","tr":"Rot-Weiss Essen","uk":"Рот-Вайс (Ессен)","zh":"红白埃森足球俱乐部"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Rot-Weiss Essen adalah klub sepak bola di Jerman berbasis di kota Essen.\n\nJuara Jerman: 1955 Piala Jerman/DFB Pokal: 1953\n\nKategori:Klub sepak bola Jerman\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rot","translated_text":"Root","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Weiss Essen adalah klub sepak bola di Jerman berbasis di kota Essen.","translated_text":"Weiss Essen is a German football club based in the city of Essen.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Prestasi","translated_text":"Achievements","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Juara Jerman: 1955 Piala Jerman/DFB Pokal: 1953","translated_text":"German champion: 1955 German Cup/DFB Cup: 1953","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Klub sepak bola Jerman","translated_text":"German football club:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Maud dari Savoia","wikicode":"{{Infobox royalty|majesty|consort\n| name =Maud dari Savoia\n| title =[[Permaisuri]] [[Portugal]]\n| image =Maud of Savoy.jpg\n| caption =Maud dari Savoia, Ratu Portugal\n| consortreign =1146 - 1158\n| spouse =[[Afonso I dari Portugal]]\n| issue =Infante Henrique
[[Mafalda Afonso|Infanta Mafalda]]
[[Urraca dari Portugal|Infanta Urraca]]
[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Infante Sancho]]
[[Teresa dari Portugal|Infanta Teresa]] \n| royal house =[[Wangsa Savoia]]\n| othertitles =\n| father =[[Amedeo III dari Savoia|Amedeo III]]\n| mother =Mahaut dari Albon\n| date of birth =1125\n| place of birth =\n| date of death =1158\n| place of death =\n}}\n\n'''Maud dari Savoia''' ({{lang-pt|Mafalda de Saboia}}, juga dikenal sebagai ''Mahaut'' atau ''Matilda'') (1125–1158) merupakan seorang [[Daftar Ratu Portugal|Ratu Portugal]] yang pertama. Ia menjadi seorang [[Permaisuri]] melalui pernikahannya dengan [[Afonso I dari Portugal|Raja Afonso I]] pada tahun 1146, pemimpin pertama [[Portugal]] sebagai kerajaan yang merdeka.\n\nIa merupakan putri kedua atau ketiga [[Amedeo III dari Savoia|Amedeo III]] dan [[Maurienne]], dan istrinya [[Mahaut dari Albon]] (adik [[Guigues IV d'Albon]], \"le Dauphin\").\n\n== Walter Map pada saat kematiannya ==\n[[Walter Map]] menceritakan kisah \"Raja Portugal yang sekarang tinggal\", hampir dipastikan Afonso, telah dipengaruhi oleh iblis untuk membunuh istrinya yang sedang hamil karena cemburu. Akan tetapi, tidak ada bukti dari catatan tersebut dan biasanya tidak dapat diterima kebenarannya.\n\n== Keturunan ==\n* Henrique (1147 – skt. 1157)\n* [[Mafalda Afonso]] (1148 – 1160)\n* [[Urraca dari Portugal|Urraca]] (1151–1188), menikah dengan Raja [[Fernando II dari León]].\n* Sancha (1153–1159)\n* [[Sancho I dari Portugal|Sancho I, Raja Portugal]] (1154–1212), menikahi [[Dulce dari Aragon|Dulcía]], Putri [[Aragon]] (putri [[Ramón Berenguer IV]] dan Ratu [[Petronila dari Aragon]])\n* [[Teresa dari Portugal|Teresa]] (1157–1218), menikah dengan [[Philippe I dari Flandria]] dan kemudian dengan [[Eudes III dari Bourgogne]]\n* João (1156–1156)\n\n{{start box}}\n{{succession box|title=[[Daftar Permaisuri Portugis|Permaisuri Portugal]]|before=None|after=[[Dulce dari Aragon|Dulcía]]|years=1146–1158}}\n{{end box}}\n\n== Lihat Pula ==\n* [[Sejarah Portugal]]\n\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1125]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1158]]\n[[Kategori:Wangsa Savoia]]\n[[Kategori:Permaisuri Portugis]]","hash":"a53be1a3282c477db13c9d50d016ab86e5c149eb06ae0130f081e5f94f3a2914","last_revision":"2016-10-06T06:21:33Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T21:10:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:58.943304","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مافالدا السافوية","ast":"Mafalda de Saboya","be":"Мафальда Савойская","bg":"Мафалда Савойска (1125 – 1157)","br":"Matilda Savoia","ca":"Mafalda de Savoia","cs":"Matylda Savojská","de":"Mathilde von Savoyen","el":"Ματθίλδη της Σαβοΐας","en":"Matilda of Savoy, Queen of Portugal","es":"Mafalda de Saboya","fr":"Mathilde de Savoie","gl":"Mafalda de Savoia","it":"Mafalda di Savoia (1125-1157)","ja":"マファルダ・デ・サボイア (ポルトガル王妃)","ka":"მაფალდა სავოიელი","nl":"Mathilde van Savoye (1125-1157)","pl":"Mafalda Sabaudzka","pt":"Mafalda de Saboia","ru":"Мафальда Савойская","sr":"Матилда од Савоје и Португалије","sv":"Maud av Savojen","uk":"Матильда Савойська"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Maud dari Savoia (, juga dikenal sebagai Mahaut atau Matilda) (1125–1158) merupakan seorang Ratu Portugal yang pertama. Ia menjadi seorang Permaisuri melalui pernikahannya dengan Raja Afonso I pada tahun 1146, pemimpin pertama Portugal sebagai kerajaan yang merdeka.\n\nIa merupakan putri kedua atau ketiga Amedeo III dan Maurienne, dan istrinya Mahaut dari Albon (adik Guigues IV d'Albon, \"le Dauphin\").\n\nWalter Map menceritakan kisah \"Raja Portugal yang sekarang tinggal\", hampir dipastikan Afonso, telah dipengaruhi oleh iblis untuk membunuh istrinya yang sedang hamil karena cemburu. Akan tetapi, tidak ada bukti dari catatan tersebut dan biasanya tidak dapat diterima kebenarannya.\n\nHenrique (1147 – skt. 1157) Mafalda Afonso (1148 – 1160) Urraca (1151–1188), menikah dengan Raja Fernando II dari León. Sancha (1153–1159) Sancho I, Raja Portugal (1154–1212), menikahi Dulcía, Putri Aragon (putri Ramón Berenguer IV dan Ratu Petronila dari Aragon) Teresa (1157–1218), menikah dengan Philippe I dari Flandria dan kemudian dengan Eudes III dari Bourgogne João (1156–1156)\n\nSejarah Portugal\n\nKategori:Kelahiran 1125 Kategori:Kematian 1158 Kategori:Wangsa Savoia Kategori:Permaisuri Portugis\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox royalty|majesty|consort\n| name =Maud dari Savoia\n| title =[[Permaisuri]] [[Portugal]]\n| image =Maud of Savoy.jpg\n| caption =Maud dari Savoia, Ratu Portugal\n| consortreign =1146 - 1158\n| spouse =[[Afonso I dari Portugal]]\n| issue =Infante Henrique
[[Mafalda Afonso|Infanta Mafalda]]
[[Urraca dari Portugal|Infanta Urraca]]
[[Sancho I dari Portugal|Infante Sancho]]
[[Teresa dari Portugal|Infanta Teresa]] \n| royal house =[[Wangsa Savoia]]\n| othertitles =\n| father =[[Amedeo III dari Savoia|Amedeo III]]\n| mother =Mahaut dari Albon\n| date of birth =1125\n| place of birth =\n| date of death =1158\n| place of death =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Maud dari Savoia (, juga dikenal sebagai Mahaut atau Matilda) (1125–1158) merupakan seorang Ratu Portugal yang pertama.","translated_text":"Maud of Savoy (, also known as Mahaut or Matilda) (1125 ⁇ 1158) was the first Queen of Portugal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjadi seorang Permaisuri melalui pernikahannya dengan Raja Afonso I pada tahun 1146, pemimpin pertama Portugal sebagai kerajaan yang merdeka.","translated_text":"She became a Queen through her marriage to King Afonso I in 1146, the first ruler of Portugal as an independent kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia merupakan putri kedua atau ketiga Amedeo III dan Maurienne, dan istrinya Mahaut dari Albon (adik Guigues IV d'Albon, \"le Dauphin\").","translated_text":"She was the second or third daughter of Amedeo III and Maurienne, and his wife Mahaut of Albon (brother of Guigues IV d'Albon, \"le Dauphin\").","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Walter Map pada saat kematiannya","translated_text":"Walter Map at the time of his death","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Walter Map menceritakan kisah \"Raja Portugal yang sekarang tinggal\", hampir dipastikan Afonso, telah dipengaruhi oleh iblis untuk membunuh istrinya yang sedang hamil karena cemburu.","translated_text":"Walter Map tells the story of \"the King of Portugal now living\", almost certain Afonso, having been influenced by a demon to kill his pregnant wife out of jealousy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, tidak ada bukti dari catatan tersebut dan biasanya tidak dapat diterima kebenarannya.","translated_text":"However, there is no evidence of such a record and it is usually unacceptable.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keturunan","translated_text":"Descendants","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Henrique (1147 – skt.","translated_text":"Henry (1147 ⁇ skt.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"1157) Mafalda Afonso (1148 – 1160) Urraca (1151–1188), menikah dengan Raja Fernando II dari León.","translated_text":"1157) Mafalda Afonso (1148 ⁇ 1160) Urraca (1151 ⁇ 1188), married to King Fernando II of León.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sancha (1153–1159) Sancho I, Raja Portugal (1154–1212), menikahi Dulcía, Putri Aragon (putri Ramón Berenguer IV dan Ratu Petronila dari Aragon) Teresa (1157–1218), menikah dengan Philippe I dari Flandria dan kemudian dengan Eudes III dari Bourgogne João (1156–1156)","translated_text":"Sancha (1153 ⁇ 1159) Sancho I, King of Portugal (1154 ⁇ 1212), married Dulcía, Princess of Aragon (daughter of Ramón Berenguer IV and Queen Petronila of Aragon) Teresa (1157 ⁇ 1218), married Philippe I of Flanders and then Eudes III of Burgundy João (1156 ⁇ 1156)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat Pula","translated_text":"Look at Pula.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejarah Portugal","translated_text":"The history of Portugal","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kelahiran 1125 Kategori:Kematian 1158 Kategori:Wangsa Savoia Kategori:Permaisuri Portugis","translated_text":": Birth 1125 Categories: Death 1158 Categories: Family of the Savoy Categories:Portuguese Empress","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Sanç dari Provence","wikicode":"'''Sanç''' (1161–1223) merupakan seorang [[Provinsi Cerdanya|Comte Cerdanya]] sejak tahun 1168, dan di [[Provence]] sejak tahun 1181 sampai 1185, dan di [[Roussillon]] sejak tahun 1185. Ia merupakan putra bungsu [[Ramón Berenguer IV]] dan [[Ratu]] [[Petronila dari Aragon]].\n\nKakandanya [[Ramón Berenguer III dari Provence]] memberikan Cerdanya kepadanya pada tahun 1168. Atas kematian Ramón, kakandanya, Raja [[Alfonso II dari Aragon|Alfonso II]], menunjuk Sanç sebagai Comte Provence.\n\nPada tahun 1185, Alfonso merebut gelar Sanç untuk membuat perdamaian dengan [[Daftar Comte Toulouse|Wangsa Toulouse]]. Namun, Sanç tetap menjaga gelarnya sebagai Comte Roussillon. Pada tahun 1209, keponakannya Raja [[Pero II d'Aragón|Pero II]] menunjuknya sebagai Gubernur Provence dan lord of [[Languedoc]]. Ia menjadi pemangku takhta untuk raja kecil [[Chaime I dari Aragon]].\n\nPada suatu hari sebelum tahun 1184, Sanç menikahi Ermesinda dari Rocabertí, putri Jofré dari Rocabertí dan Ermesinda de Vilademuls. Pada tahun 1185, ia menikahi Sancha Núñez de Lara. Dengannya ia memiliki seorang putra, [[Nuño Sánchez|Nuño]].\n\n{{S-start}}\n{{S-bef|before=[[Ramón Berenguer III dari Provence|Ramón Berenguer III]]}}\n{{S-ttl|title=[[Daftar Penguasa Provence|Comte Provence]]|years=1181–1185}}\n{{S-aft|after=[[Alfonso II dari Provence|Alfonso II]]}}\n{{S-vac|last=[[Girard II dari Roussillon|Girard II]]}}\n{{S-ttl|title=[[Daftar Comte Roussillon|Comte Roussillon]]|years=1185–1223}}\n{{S-aft|rows=2|after=[[Nuño Sánchez|Nuño]]}}\n{{S-bef|before=[[Bernard I dari Cerdanya|Bernard I]]}}\n{{S-ttl|title=[[Provinsi Cerdanya|Comte Cerdanya]]|years=1168–1223}}\n|-\n{{End}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1161]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1223]]\n[[Kategori:Meninggal usia 62]]\n[[Kategori:Comte Provence]]\n[[Kategori:Comte Cerdanya]]","hash":"4e2f7ae2a9bba764d4baa00afb2e31d34efe8e3886a73984bc7160945d520951","last_revision":"2017-01-22T09:11:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T21:45:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.009705","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"سانشو كونت بروفانس","ca":"Sanç de Barcelona i d'Aragó","cs":"Sancho Aragonský","de":"Sancho (Roussillon)","el":"Σάντσο της Προβηγκίας","en":"Sancho, Count of Provence","es":"Sancho I de Cerdaña","fr":"Sanche de Roussillon","hr":"Sančo od Provanse","it":"Sancho I di Provenza","pl":"Sancho Prowansalski","pt":"Sancho I, Conde da Cerdanha","ru":"Санчо (граф Прованса)","sv":"Sancho av Provence","uk":"Санчо (граф Провансу)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Sanç (1161–1223) merupakan seorang Comte Cerdanya sejak tahun 1168, dan di Provence sejak tahun 1181 sampai 1185, dan di Roussillon sejak tahun 1185. Ia merupakan putra bungsu Ramón Berenguer IV dan Ratu Petronila dari Aragon.\n\nKakandanya Ramón Berenguer III dari Provence memberikan Cerdanya kepadanya pada tahun 1168. Atas kematian Ramón, kakandanya, Raja Alfonso II, menunjuk Sanç sebagai Comte Provence.\n\nPada tahun 1185, Alfonso merebut gelar Sanç untuk membuat perdamaian dengan Wangsa Toulouse. Namun, Sanç tetap menjaga gelarnya sebagai Comte Roussillon. Pada tahun 1209, keponakannya Raja Pero II menunjuknya sebagai Gubernur Provence dan lord of Languedoc. Ia menjadi pemangku takhta untuk raja kecil Chaime I dari Aragon.\n\nPada suatu hari sebelum tahun 1184, Sanç menikahi Ermesinda dari Rocabertí, putri Jofré dari Rocabertí dan Ermesinda de Vilademuls. Pada tahun 1185, ia menikahi Sancha Núñez de Lara. Dengannya ia memiliki seorang putra, Nuño.\n\n|-\n\nKategori:Kelahiran 1161 Kategori:Kematian 1223 Kategori:Meninggal usia 62 Kategori:Comte Provence Kategori:Comte Cerdanya\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sanç (1161–1223) merupakan seorang Comte Cerdanya sejak tahun 1168, dan di Provence sejak tahun 1181 sampai 1185, dan di Roussillon sejak tahun 1185.","translated_text":"Sanç (1161 ⁇ 1223) was a Comte Cerdanya from 1168, and in Provence from 1181 to 1185, and in Roussillon from 1185.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan putra bungsu Ramón Berenguer IV dan Ratu Petronila dari Aragon.","translated_text":"He was the youngest son of Ramón Berenguer IV and Queen Petronila of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kakandanya Ramón Berenguer III dari Provence memberikan Cerdanya kepadanya pada tahun 1168.","translated_text":"His grandfather Ramón Berenguer III of Provence gave him his Cerdania in 1168.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Atas kematian Ramón, kakandanya, Raja Alfonso II, menunjuk Sanç sebagai Comte Provence.","translated_text":"Upon Ramón's death, his grandfather, King Alfonso II, appointed Sanç as Count of Provence.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1185, Alfonso merebut gelar Sanç untuk membuat perdamaian dengan Wangsa Toulouse.","translated_text":"In 1185, Alfonso seized the title of Sanç to make peace with the House of Toulouse.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, Sanç tetap menjaga gelarnya sebagai Comte Roussillon.","translated_text":"However, Sanç retained his title as Count Roussillon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1209, keponakannya Raja Pero II menunjuknya sebagai Gubernur Provence dan lord of Languedoc.","translated_text":"In 1209, his nephew King Pero II appointed him Governor of Provence and lord of Languedoc.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjadi pemangku takhta untuk raja kecil Chaime I dari Aragon.","translated_text":"He became the heir to the throne for the little king Chaime I of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada suatu hari sebelum tahun 1184, Sanç menikahi Ermesinda dari Rocabertí, putri Jofré dari Rocabertí dan Ermesinda de Vilademuls.","translated_text":"On the day before 1184, Sanç married Ermesinda of Rocabertí, daughter of Jofré of Rocabertí and Ermesinda de Vilademuls.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1185, ia menikahi Sancha Núñez de Lara.","translated_text":"In 1185, she married Sancha Núñez de Lara.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengannya ia memiliki seorang putra, Nuño.","translated_text":"With her she had a son, Nuño.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"|-","translated_text":"What are you doing?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kelahiran 1161 Kategori:Kematian 1223 Kategori:Meninggal usia 62 Kategori:Comte Provence Kategori:Comte Cerdanya","translated_text":": Birth 1161 Category:Death 1223 Categories:Getting away from age 62 Categories:Comte Provence Categories:Comte Cerdanya","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Norbert Wallez","wikicode":"'''Norbert Wallez''' ({{lahirmati|[[Belgia]]|19|10|1882|[[Belgia]]|24|09|1952}}) adalah seorang pendeta dan jurnalis berkebangsaan [[Belgia]] dan pemimpin dari harian umum ''[[Le Vingtième Siècle]]'' dan juga suplemennya ''[[Le Petit Vingtième]]'' di mana diterbitkan kisah komik [[Petualangan Tintin]] buah karya [[Hergé]] untuk pertama kalinya.\n\nMahasiswa dari [[Universitas Katolik Leuven]], pada tahun [[1906]], di mana ia mengabdi sebagai guru hingga [[Perang Dunia I]] membuatnya berhenti bekerja. Setelah perang ia mengajar [[Abbaye de Bonne-Espérance|séminaire de Bonne-Espérance]] serta menjadi dosen pengajar di sekolah bisnis di [[Mons]]. Pada tahun [[1924]], berdasarkan perintah dari [[Kardinal Mercier]], ia menjadi seorang penganut [[Katolik]] konservatif dari harian {{fr}} ''Le Vingtième Siècle'', dan banyak dipengaruhi oleh [[Charles Maurras]].\n\nIa juga seorang pengagum dari [[Mussolini]],[Anne Morelli, Les grands mythes de l'histoire de Belgique de Flandre et de Wallonie, Evo-histoire, Bruxelles, 1995, p.283] yang dilihatnya dalam perjalanannya ke [[Italia]] pada tahun [[1923]], membuatnya terkagum-kagum dengan paham [[fasisme]] membuatnya menuliskan sebuah buku yang menggambarkan persatuan antara [[Belgia]] dan [[Rhénanie]], di mana idenya dipertahankan dalam forum [[Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain]].[Micheline Libon, ''Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain'', in ''Encyclopédie du Mouvement wallon'', Tome II, p. 615.]\n\nPada tahun [[1927]], [[Hergé]] mulai bekerja padanya dan juga mengasuh suplemen anak-anaknya ''[[Le Petit Vingtième]]''.\n\nPada tahun [[1933]], Wallez berhenti dari posisinya sebagai pemimpin harian itu dan bekerja sebagai [[kurator]] untuk [[Abbaye d'Aulne]]\n\n== Publikasi ==\n\n* ''La Belgique de demain et sa politique'', Bruxelles-Paris, 1916.\n* ''La Belgique et les régions rhénanes. Une campagne \"annexionniste\" en 1838'', Bruxelles-Paris, 1918.\n* ''Belgique & Rhénanie. Quelques directives d'une politique'', Bruxelles, 1923.\n* ''Le commerce, force nationale'', Bruxelles, 1924.\n\n== Bibliografi ==\n\n* Pierre Assouline: ''Hergé''\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.objectiftintin.com/whatsnew_tintin_1102.lasso \"Wallez (l'abbé Norbert)\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040706/http://www.objectiftintin.com/whatsnew_Tintin_1102.lasso |date=2008-06-24 }}, dans ''Objectif Tintin. Le site interactif des amis de Tintin''.\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100820184722/http://www.flw.ugent.be/btng-rbhc/pdf/BTNG-RBHC,%2007,%201976,%201-2,%20pp%20113-152.pdf ''L'Action Française dans le nationalisme belge 1914-1918''] par Dr. [[Eric Defoort]], dans ''Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine'', t. VII, 1976, p. 113-152.\n* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100820184230/http://www.flw.ugent.be/btng-rbhc/pdf/BTNG-RBHC,%2008,%201977,%201-2,%20pp%20081-153.pdf ''Le courant réactionnaire dans le catholicisme francophone belge 1918-1926. Première approche''] par Dr. [[Eric Defoort]], dans ''Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine'', t. VIII, 1977, p. 81-153.\n* [http://www.onehope.be/RNpdf/RnNostalgieRGpdf.pdf ''Tintin ou la nostalgie d'un amour perdu''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228142356/http://www.onehope.be/RNpdf/RnNostalgieRGpdf.pdf |date=2013-12-28 }} par Bernard Spee dans ''La Revue nouvelle'', octobre 2004, n°10, p. 56-71.\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1952]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Belgia]]\n[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Katolik Leuven]]","hash":"0d6a4cda65a9a6693ccf4060e763b59dda1f4222385bdf41ef8d5cac0e30b2e5","last_revision":"2022-12-04T00:46:49Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T21:56:56Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.071204","cross_lingual_links":{"de":"Norbert Wallez","en":"Norbert Wallez","es":"Norbert Wallez","fi":"Norbert Wallez","fr":"Norbert Wallez","nl":"Norbert Wallez","sv":"Norbert Wallez"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Norbert Wallez () adalah seorang pendeta dan jurnalis berkebangsaan Belgia dan pemimpin dari harian umum Le Vingtième Siècle dan juga suplemennya Le Petit Vingtième di mana diterbitkan kisah komik Petualangan Tintin buah karya Hergé untuk pertama kalinya.\n\nMahasiswa dari Universitas Katolik Leuven, pada tahun 1906, di mana ia mengabdi sebagai guru hingga Perang Dunia I membuatnya berhenti bekerja. Setelah perang ia mengajar séminaire de Bonne-Espérance serta menjadi dosen pengajar di sekolah bisnis di Mons. Pada tahun 1924, berdasarkan perintah dari Kardinal Mercier, ia menjadi seorang penganut Katolik konservatif dari harian Le Vingtième Siècle, dan banyak dipengaruhi oleh Charles Maurras.\n\nIa juga seorang pengagum dari Mussolini, yang dilihatnya dalam perjalanannya ke Italia pada tahun 1923, membuatnya terkagum-kagum dengan paham fasisme membuatnya menuliskan sebuah buku yang menggambarkan persatuan antara Belgia dan Rhénanie, di mana idenya dipertahankan dalam forum Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain.\n\nPada tahun 1927, Hergé mulai bekerja padanya dan juga mengasuh suplemen anak-anaknya Le Petit Vingtième.\n\nPada tahun 1933, Wallez berhenti dari posisinya sebagai pemimpin harian itu dan bekerja sebagai kurator untuk Abbaye d'Aulne\n\nLa Belgique de demain et sa politique, Bruxelles-Paris, 1916. La Belgique et les régions rhénanes. Une campagne \"annexionniste\" en 1838, Bruxelles-Paris, 1918. Belgique & Rhénanie. Quelques directives d'une politique, Bruxelles, 1923. Le commerce, force nationale, Bruxelles, 1924.\n\nPierre Assouline: Hergé\n\n\"Wallez (l'abbé Norbert)\" , dans Objectif Tintin. Le site interactif des amis de Tintin. L'Action Française dans le nationalisme belge 1914-1918 par Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VII, 1976, p. 113-152. Le courant réactionnaire dans le catholicisme francophone belge 1918-1926. Première approche par Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VIII, 1977, p. 81-153. Tintin ou la nostalgie d'un amour perdu par Bernard Spee dans La Revue nouvelle, octobre 2004, n°10, p. 56-71.\n\nKategori:Kematian 1952 Kategori:Tokoh Belgia Kategori:Alumni Universitas Katolik Leuven\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Norbert Wallez () adalah seorang pendeta dan jurnalis berkebangsaan Belgia dan pemimpin dari harian umum Le Vingtième Siècle dan juga suplemennya Le Petit Vingtième di mana diterbitkan kisah komik Petualangan Tintin buah karya Hergé untuk pertama kalinya.","translated_text":"Norbert Wallez () was a Belgian-born clergyman and journalist and the leader of the general daily Le Vingtième Siècle and also its supplement Le Petit Vingtième in which the comic story The Adventures of Tintin fruit by Hergé was published for the first time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mahasiswa dari Universitas Katolik Leuven, pada tahun 1906, di mana ia mengabdi sebagai guru hingga Perang Dunia I membuatnya berhenti bekerja.","translated_text":"A student at the Catholic University of Leuven, in 1906, where he served as a teacher until World War I forced him to quit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah perang ia mengajar séminaire de Bonne-Espérance serta menjadi dosen pengajar di sekolah bisnis di Mons.","translated_text":"After the war he taught at the séminaire de Bonne-Espérance and became a lecturer at the business school in Mons.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1924, berdasarkan perintah dari Kardinal Mercier, ia menjadi seorang penganut Katolik konservatif dari harian Le Vingtième Siècle, dan banyak dipengaruhi oleh Charles Maurras.","translated_text":"In 1924, on the orders of Cardinal Mercier, he became a conservative Catholic adherent of the daily Le Vingtième Siècle, and was greatly influenced by Charles Maurras.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia juga seorang pengagum dari Mussolini, yang dilihatnya dalam perjalanannya ke Italia pada tahun 1923, membuatnya terkagum-kagum dengan paham fasisme membuatnya menuliskan sebuah buku yang menggambarkan persatuan antara Belgia dan Rhénanie, di mana idenya dipertahankan dalam forum Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain.","translated_text":"He was also an admirer of Mussolini, whom he saw on his trip to Italy in 1923, and his fascination with fascism led him to write a book depicting the union between Belgium and the Rhineland, where his ideas were defended in the forum of the Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[Anne Morelli, Les grands mythes de l'histoire de Belgique de Flandre et de Wallonie, Evo-histoire, Bruxelles, 1995, p.283]","char_index":40,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Micheline Libon, ''Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain'', in ''Encyclopédie du Mouvement wallon'', Tome II, p. 615.]","char_index":328,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1927, Hergé mulai bekerja padanya dan juga mengasuh suplemen anak-anaknya Le Petit Vingtième.","translated_text":"In 1927, Hergé began working for her and also nurtured her children's supplement Le Petit Vingtième.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1933, Wallez berhenti dari posisinya sebagai pemimpin harian itu dan bekerja sebagai kurator untuk Abbaye d'Aulne","translated_text":"In 1933, Wallez resigned his position as the daily leader and worked as curator for Abbaye d'Aulne.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Publikasi","translated_text":"Publications","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"La Belgique de demain et sa politique, Bruxelles-Paris, 1916.","translated_text":"He was also a member of the French delegation to the European Parliament.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"La Belgique et les régions rhénanes.","translated_text":"Belgium and the Rhine regions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Une campagne \"annexionniste\" en 1838, Bruxelles-Paris, 1918.","translated_text":"A campaign of annexation in 1838, Brussels-Paris, 1918.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Belgique & Rhénanie.","translated_text":"Belgium and Rhénanie.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Quelques directives d'une politique, Bruxelles, 1923.","translated_text":"Some directives of a political life, Brussels, 1923.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Le commerce, force nationale, Bruxelles, 1924.","translated_text":"Le commerce, force nationale, Brussels, 1924.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Bibliografi","translated_text":"The Bibliography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pierre Assouline: Hergé","translated_text":"Pierre Assouline by Hergé","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"Wallez (l'abbé Norbert)\" , dans Objectif Tintin.","translated_text":"\"Wallez (l'abbé Norbert) \" , in the Tintin Objectif.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040706/http://www.objectiftintin.com/whatsnew_Tintin_1102.lasso |date=2008-06-24 }}","char_index":26,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040706/http://www.objectiftintin.com/whatsnew_Tintin_1102.lasso","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.320938-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Le site interactif des amis de Tintin.","translated_text":"The interactive site of Tintin's friends.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"L'Action Française dans le nationalisme belge 1914-1918 par Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VII, 1976, p. 113-152.","translated_text":"L'Action Française dans le nationalisme belge 1914-1918 by Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, p. VII, 1976, pp. 113 to 152.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Le courant réactionnaire dans le catholicisme francophone belge 1918-1926.","translated_text":"Le courant réactionnaire dans le catholicisme francophone belge from 1918 to 1926.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Première approche par Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VIII, 1977, p. 81-153.","translated_text":"The first of these was the work of Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VIII, 1977, p. 81-153.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tintin ou la nostalgie d'un amour perdu par Bernard Spee dans La Revue nouvelle, octobre 2004, n°10, p. 56-71.","translated_text":"What is the meaning of the Bible's preamble?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228142356/http://www.onehope.be/RNpdf/RnNostalgieRGpdf.pdf |date=2013-12-28 }}","char_index":40,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131228142356/http://www.onehope.be/RNpdf/RnNostalgieRGpdf.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.390934-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kematian 1952 Kategori:Tokoh Belgia Kategori:Alumni Universitas Katolik Leuven","translated_text":"Category:Death in 1952 Category:Belgian figures Category:Alumni of the Catholic University of Leuven","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Ia juga seorang pengagum dari Mussolini, yang dilihatnya dalam perjalanannya ke Italia pada tahun 1923, membuatnya terkagum-kagum dengan paham fasisme membuatnya menuliskan sebuah buku yang menggambarkan persatuan antara Belgia dan Rhénanie, di mana idenya dipertahankan dalam forum Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain.","translated_text":"He was also an admirer of Mussolini, whom he saw on his trip to Italy in 1923, and his fascination with fascism led him to write a book depicting the union between Belgium and the Rhineland, where his ideas were defended in the forum of the Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain.","citations":[{"content":"[Anne Morelli, Les grands mythes de l'histoire de Belgique de Flandre et de Wallonie, Evo-histoire, Bruxelles, 1995, p.283]","char_index":40,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[Micheline Libon, ''Fédération wallonne des étudiants de Louvain'', in ''Encyclopédie du Mouvement wallon'', Tome II, p. 615.]","char_index":328,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"\"Wallez (l'abbé Norbert)\" , dans Objectif Tintin.","translated_text":"\"Wallez (l'abbé Norbert) \" , in the Tintin Objectif.","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040706/http://www.objectiftintin.com/whatsnew_Tintin_1102.lasso |date=2008-06-24 }}","char_index":26,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040706/http://www.objectiftintin.com/whatsnew_Tintin_1102.lasso","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.320938-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Le courant réactionnaire dans le catholicisme francophone belge 1918-1926. Première approche par Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VIII, 1977, p. 81-153. Tintin ou la nostalgie d'un amour perdu par Bernard Spee dans La Revue nouvelle, octobre 2004, n°10, p. 56-71.","translated_text":"Le courant réactionnaire dans le catholicisme francophone belge from 1918 to 1926. The first of these was the work of Dr. Eric Defoort, dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, t. VIII, 1977, p. 81-153. What is the meaning of the Bible's preamble?","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228142356/http://www.onehope.be/RNpdf/RnNostalgieRGpdf.pdf |date=2013-12-28 }}","char_index":224,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131228142356/http://www.onehope.be/RNpdf/RnNostalgieRGpdf.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:22.390934-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Ramón Berenguer III dari Provence","wikicode":"'''Ramon Berenguer III''' (Lahir 1158 – 5 April 1181) merupakan seorang [[Kadipaten Cerdanya|Comte Cerdanya]] (1162–1168), sebagai '''Pere''', dan [[Daftar Penguasa Provence|Comte Provence]] (1173–1181).\n\nIa merupakan putra ketiga [[Ramón Berenguer IV]] dan [[Petronila dari Aragon]]. Ia menerima Cerdanya, termasuk [[Carcassonne]] dan [[Narbonne]], setelah kematian ayahandanya, akan tetapi ia kemudian menyerahkan wilayah tersebut kepada adiknya, [[Sanç dari Provence]] pada tahun 1168. Ia tidak pernah memerintah wilayah warisannya. Pada tahun 1173, kakandanya, [[Alfonso II dari Aragon|Alfonso]], memberinya Provence.\n\nPada tahun 1176, ia bergabung dengan Sanç menaklukkan [[Nice]] dari [[Genoa]]. Ia kemudian berperang dengan para lords [[Languedoc]] dan [[Daftar Pangeran Toulouse|Comte Toulouse]]. Ia tewas terbunuh pada tanggal 5 April 1181 oleh pengikut [[Adhemar dari Murviel]] di dekat [[Montpellier]]. Provence diwariskan kepada adiknya Sanç.\n\n{{S-start}}\n{{S-bef|before=[[Alfonso II dari Aragon|Alfonso I]]}}\n{{S-ttl|title=[[Daftar Penguasa Provence|Comte Provence]]|years=1173–1181}}\n{{S-aft|after=[[Sanç dari Provence]]}}\n{{End}}\n\n[[Kategori:Comte Provence]]\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1181]]","hash":"530d74e97dbd02f11d47547987ee073caf5657a290e8b0a63ce2e92b32e4a053","last_revision":"2017-01-29T01:10:52Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T22:00:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.142021","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"رامون بيرينجير التالت كونت بروفانس","ca":"Ramon Berenguer IV de Provença","cs":"Ramon Berenguer IV. Provensálský","de":"Raimund Berengar IV. (Provence)","el":"Ραϋμόνδος Βερεγγάριος Γ΄ της Προβηγκίας","en":"Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence","es":"Ramón Berenguer IV de Provenza","fr":"Raimond-Bérenger III de Provence","hr":"Rajmond Berenguer III. od Provanse","it":"Raimondo Berengario III di Provenza","ja":"レーモン・ベランジェ3世 (プロヴァンス伯)","nl":"Raymond Berengarius IV van Provence","pl":"Rajmund Berengar III Prowansalski","pt":"Raimundo Berengário III da Provença","ru":"Раймунд Беренгер III (граф Прованса)","sv":"Raimond Berengar III av Provence","uk":"Раймон Беренгер III","zh":"雷蒙-貝倫格爾三世"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Ramon Berenguer III (Lahir 1158 – 5 April 1181) merupakan seorang Comte Cerdanya (1162–1168), sebagai Pere, dan Comte Provence (1173–1181).\n\nIa merupakan putra ketiga Ramón Berenguer IV dan Petronila dari Aragon. Ia menerima Cerdanya, termasuk Carcassonne dan Narbonne, setelah kematian ayahandanya, akan tetapi ia kemudian menyerahkan wilayah tersebut kepada adiknya, Sanç dari Provence pada tahun 1168. Ia tidak pernah memerintah wilayah warisannya. Pada tahun 1173, kakandanya, Alfonso, memberinya Provence.\n\nPada tahun 1176, ia bergabung dengan Sanç menaklukkan Nice dari Genoa. Ia kemudian berperang dengan para lords Languedoc dan Comte Toulouse. Ia tewas terbunuh pada tanggal 5 April 1181 oleh pengikut Adhemar dari Murviel di dekat Montpellier. Provence diwariskan kepada adiknya Sanç.\n\nKategori:Comte Provence Kategori:Kematian 1181\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ramon Berenguer III (Lahir 1158 – 5 April 1181) merupakan seorang Comte Cerdanya (1162–1168), sebagai Pere, dan Comte Provence (1173–1181).","translated_text":"Ramon Berenguer III (born 1158 ⁇ 5 April 1181) was a Count of Cerdanya (1162 ⁇ 1168), as Pere, and Count of Provence (1173 ⁇ 1181).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ia merupakan putra ketiga Ramón Berenguer IV dan Petronila dari Aragon.","translated_text":"He was the third son of Ramón Berenguer IV and Petronila of Aragon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menerima Cerdanya, termasuk Carcassonne dan Narbonne, setelah kematian ayahandanya, akan tetapi ia kemudian menyerahkan wilayah tersebut kepada adiknya, Sanç dari Provence pada tahun 1168.","translated_text":"He received his lands, including Carcassonne and Narbonne, after the death of his father, but he later ceded the region to his brother, Sanç of Provence in 1168.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tidak pernah memerintah wilayah warisannya.","translated_text":"He never ruled his inherited territory.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1173, kakandanya, Alfonso, memberinya Provence.","translated_text":"In 1173, his uncle, Alfonso, gave him Provence.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1176, ia bergabung dengan Sanç menaklukkan Nice dari Genoa.","translated_text":"In 1176, he joined the Sanç conquest of Nice from Genoa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia kemudian berperang dengan para lords Languedoc dan Comte Toulouse.","translated_text":"He then went to war with the Lords of Languedoc and the Count of Toulouse.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia tewas terbunuh pada tanggal 5 April 1181 oleh pengikut Adhemar dari Murviel di dekat Montpellier.","translated_text":"He was assassinated on 5 April 1181 by Adhemar's followers of Murviel near Montpellier.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Provence diwariskan kepada adiknya Sanç.","translated_text":"Provence was inherited from his brother Sanç.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Comte Provence Kategori:Kematian 1181","translated_text":"Category:Comte of Provence Category:Death of the year 1181","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Girard II dari Roussillon","wikicode":"'''Gerard II''' (''Girard'' di dalam bahasa Prancis dan ''Gerard'' di dalam bahasa Katalan, ''Gerardo'' di dalam bahasa Spanyol) merupakan seorang [[Daftar Pangeran Roussillon|Pangeran Roussillon]] ''de facto'' terakhir yang independen sejak tahun 1164 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 1172. Ia merupakan putra dan pewaris [[Gausfred III dari Roussillon]].\n\nSeperti ayahnya, ia menegaskan perjanjian perdamaian dengan [[Propinsi Empúries|para Pangeran Empúries]]. Ia mewarisi wilayah yang lebih lemah dan dibuat menyerahkan upeti kepada [[Daftar Penguasa Aragon|Raja Aragón]] dan [[Pangeran Barcelona]], [[Alfonso II dari Aragon|Alfonso II]], kepada siapa ia menyerahkan wilayahnya ketika ia meninggal tanpa pewaris.\n\n{{S-start}}\n{{S-bef|before=[[Gausfred III dari Roussillon]]}}\n{{S-ttl|title=[[Daftar Pangeran Roussillon|Pangeran Roussillon]]|years=1164–1172}}\n{{S-aft|after=[[Alfonso II dari Aragon]]}}\n{{End}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kematian 1172]]","hash":"aae714324845cf3d6ddca289afd5dbd97f53ca0796917edfa6e55bb86075dd19","last_revision":"2019-02-07T16:20:40Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T22:11:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.304068","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"جيرارد التانى من روسيون","ca":"Girard II de Rosselló","de":"Girard II. (Roussillon)","en":"Girard II of Roussillon","es":"Gerardo II","fr":"Girard II de Roussillon","it":"Gerardo II di Rossiglione","ru":"Жирар II (граф Руссильона)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Gerard II (Girard di dalam bahasa Prancis dan Gerard di dalam bahasa Katalan, Gerardo di dalam bahasa Spanyol) merupakan seorang Pangeran Roussillon de facto terakhir yang independen sejak tahun 1164 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 1172. Ia merupakan putra dan pewaris Gausfred III dari Roussillon.\n\nSeperti ayahnya, ia menegaskan perjanjian perdamaian dengan para Pangeran Empúries. Ia mewarisi wilayah yang lebih lemah dan dibuat menyerahkan upeti kepada Raja Aragón dan Pangeran Barcelona, Alfonso II, kepada siapa ia menyerahkan wilayahnya ketika ia meninggal tanpa pewaris.\n\nKategori:Kematian 1172\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gerard II (Girard di dalam bahasa Prancis dan Gerard di dalam bahasa Katalan, Gerardo di dalam bahasa Spanyol) merupakan seorang Pangeran Roussillon de facto terakhir yang independen sejak tahun 1164 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 1172.","translated_text":"Gerard II (Girard in French and Gerard in Catalan, Gerardo in Spanish) was the last de facto independent Prince of Roussillon from 1164 until his death in 1172.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan putra dan pewaris Gausfred III dari Roussillon.","translated_text":"He was the son and heir of Gausfred III of Roussillon.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Seperti ayahnya, ia menegaskan perjanjian perdamaian dengan para Pangeran Empúries.","translated_text":"Like his father, he affirmed a peace treaty with the Princes of Empúries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mewarisi wilayah yang lebih lemah dan dibuat menyerahkan upeti kepada Raja Aragón dan Pangeran Barcelona, Alfonso II, kepada siapa ia menyerahkan wilayahnya ketika ia meninggal tanpa pewaris.","translated_text":"He inherited the weaker territories and was made to pay tribute to the King of Aragon and the Prince of Barcelona, Alfonso II, to whom he ceded his territory when he died without an heir.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Kematian 1172","translated_text":"Category:Deaths of 1172","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Daerah Tingkat I","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daerah tingkat I]]","hash":"67f6eab0b5e8bb30f070e051867d57988b623b62dfa07bd9b86256e40cbbea94","last_revision":"2010-10-28T23:53:57Z","first_revision":"2010-10-28T23:53:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.498262","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daerah tingkat I\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daerah tingkat I","translated_text":"I-Level Area","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Peserta ANOC","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Ajang OCA]]","hash":"c9a0ecf331a604912715c709dda626b5a0521ec2a4cead2e94745485acf82fea","last_revision":"2010-10-29T00:03:09Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:03:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.562002","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Ajang OCA\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Ajang OCA","translated_text":"What's wrong with you?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Formula One constructors","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Konstruktor Formula Satu]]","hash":"b4ce565f182d2af410926296c15600232488642485ce2ff022993fb8ce8492cd","last_revision":"2022-07-06T00:44:07Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:24:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.760454","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Konstruktor Formula Satu\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Konstruktor Formula Satu","translated_text":"Formula One constructor","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Formula One circuits","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Sirkuit Formula Satu]]","hash":"0e7b9ab2abe3fd74f6f62b4c26d54b5c4c11ef7a252cb3a9018d61acb4c6d812","last_revision":"2022-05-12T03:32:10Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:29:46Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.820649","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Sirkuit Formula Satu\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Sirkuit Formula Satu","translated_text":"Formula One Circuit","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:F1 circuit","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Kotak info sirkuit]]","hash":"0c05d991831682852477b7c3e940983789f4da47fda0eb43593d56d4c9d01afb","last_revision":"2010-10-29T00:31:24Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:31:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.879794","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Kotak info sirkuit\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Kotak info sirkuit","translated_text":"Template:Infobox of the circuit","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Kotak info sirkuit/doc","wikicode":"{{Documentation subpage}}\n\n\n== Pendahuluan ==\nTemplat ini digunakan untuk semua gelanggang olahraga otomotif di seluruh dunia, jadi perubahan besar pada templat ini harus didiskusikan terlebih dahulu, Templat ini dibuat untuk semua tipe sirkuit termasuk sirkuit aspal, oval, roval, sirkuit drag, dan trek tanah.\n\nHanya bidang Name dan Location yang perlu diisi. Sisanya adalah opsional dan bisa dihilangkan seperlunya.\n=== Pemakaian ===\n\n{{Kotak info sirkuit\n|Name =\n|Nicknames =\n|Time =\n|Location =\n|Coordinates =\n|Image =\n|Image_caption =\n|Capacity =\n|Owner =\n|Operator =\n|Broke_ground =\n|Opened =\n|Closed =\n|Construction_cost=\n|Architect =\n|Former_names =\n|Events =\n|Layout1 =\n|Surface =\n|Length_km =\n|Length_mi =\n|Turns =\n|Banking =\n|Record_time =\n|Record_driver =\n|Record_team =\n|Record_year =\n|Record_class =\n|Layout2 =\n|Surface2 =\n|Length_km2 =\n|Length_mi2 =\n|Turns2 =\n|Banking2 =\n|Record_time2 =\n|Record_driver2 =\n|Record_team2 =\n|Record_year2 =\n|Record_class2 =\n|Layout3 =\n|Surface3 =\n|Length_km3 =\n|Length_mi3 =\n|Turns3 =\n|Banking3 =\n|Record_time3 =\n|Record_driver3 =\n|Record_team3 =\n|Record_year3 =\n|Record_class3 =\n|Layout4 =\n|Surface4 =\n|Length_km4 =\n|Length_mi4 =\n|Turns4 =\n|Banking4 =\n|Record_time4 =\n|Record_driver4 =\n|Record_team4 =\n|Record_year4 =\n|Record_class4 =\n|Layout5 =\n|Surface5 =\n|Length_km5 =\n|Length_mi5 =\n|Turns5 =\n|Banking5 =\n|Record_time5 =\n|Record_driver5 =\n|Record_team5 =\n|Record_year5 =\n|Record_class5 =\n|Layout6 =\n|Surface6 =\n|Length_km6 =\n|Length_mi6 =\n|Turns6 =\n|Banking6 =\n|Record_time6 =\n|Record_driver6 =\n|Record_team6 =\n|Record_year6 =\n|Record_class6 =\n}}
\n\n== Jarak ==\nCatat bahwaa jarak harus diberikan baik dalam satuan kilometer dan mil agar bisa ditampilkan dengan benar. Secara baku, kilometer akan ditampilkan dahulu, diikuti oleh mil dalam tanda kurung. Untuk membalikkan urutan keduanya, tambahkan\n\n|miles_first = true\n
\n\nDimana saja dalam kode kotak info. \n\n== Gambar dan/atau logo==\nKetiklah format gambar secara penuh, tidak hanya nama berkas, contohnya seperti ini:\n\n\n|image = [[Berkas:BrooklandsCircuitLayout.png|frameless]]\n
\n\n\n\n[[Kategori:Templat Formula Satu]]\n[[Kategori:Templat kotak info olahraga]]\n","hash":"1e52d6d53c70e85f2d1bb04ae48c0960a0f15490657ec1594e61341049124f56","last_revision":"2022-05-18T11:03:18Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:38:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.937059","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Templat ini digunakan untuk semua gelanggang olahraga otomotif di seluruh dunia, jadi perubahan besar pada templat ini harus didiskusikan terlebih dahulu, Templat ini dibuat untuk semua tipe sirkuit termasuk sirkuit aspal, oval, roval, sirkuit drag, dan trek tanah.\n\nHanya bidang Name dan Location yang perlu diisi. Sisanya adalah opsional dan bisa dihilangkan seperlunya.\n\nCatat bahwaa jarak harus diberikan baik dalam satuan kilometer dan mil agar bisa ditampilkan dengan benar. Secara baku, kilometer akan ditampilkan dahulu, diikuti oleh mil dalam tanda kurung. Untuk membalikkan urutan keduanya, tambahkan\n\nDimana saja dalam kode kotak info.\n\nKetiklah format gambar secara penuh, tidak hanya nama berkas, contohnya seperti ini:\n\nKategori:Templat Formula Satu Kategori:Templat kotak info olahraga\n","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"Pendahuluan","translated_text":"The Preamble","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Templat ini digunakan untuk semua gelanggang olahraga otomotif di seluruh dunia, jadi perubahan besar pada templat ini harus didiskusikan terlebih dahulu, Templat ini dibuat untuk semua tipe sirkuit termasuk sirkuit aspal, oval, roval, sirkuit drag, dan trek tanah.","translated_text":"This template is used for all automotive sports arenas around the world, so a major change to this template must be discussed first, this template is made for all types of circuits including asphalt, oval, roval, drag, and ground track circuits.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hanya bidang Name dan Location yang perlu diisi.","translated_text":"Only the Name and Location fields need to be filled in.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sisanya adalah opsional dan bisa dihilangkan seperlunya.","translated_text":"The rest is optional and can be removed as needed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemakaian","translated_text":"Use","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"preformatted","content":"\n{{Kotak info sirkuit\n|Name =\n|Nicknames =\n|Time =\n|Location =\n|Coordinates =\n|Image =\n|Image_caption =\n|Capacity =\n|Owner =\n|Operator =\n|Broke_ground =\n|Opened =\n|Closed =\n|Construction_cost=\n|Architect =\n|Former_names =\n|Events =\n|Layout1 =\n|Surface =\n|Length_km =\n|Length_mi =\n|Turns =\n|Banking =\n|Record_time =\n|Record_driver =\n|Record_team =\n|Record_year =\n|Record_class =\n|Layout2 =\n|Surface2 =\n|Length_km2 =\n|Length_mi2 =\n|Turns2 =\n|Banking2 =\n|Record_time2 =\n|Record_driver2 =\n|Record_team2 =\n|Record_year2 =\n|Record_class2 =\n|Layout3 =\n|Surface3 =\n|Length_km3 =\n|Length_mi3 =\n|Turns3 =\n|Banking3 =\n|Record_time3 =\n|Record_driver3 =\n|Record_team3 =\n|Record_year3 =\n|Record_class3 =\n|Layout4 =\n|Surface4 =\n|Length_km4 =\n|Length_mi4 =\n|Turns4 =\n|Banking4 =\n|Record_time4 =\n|Record_driver4 =\n|Record_team4 =\n|Record_year4 =\n|Record_class4 =\n|Layout5 =\n|Surface5 =\n|Length_km5 =\n|Length_mi5 =\n|Turns5 =\n|Banking5 =\n|Record_time5 =\n|Record_driver5 =\n|Record_team5 =\n|Record_year5 =\n|Record_class5 =\n|Layout6 =\n|Surface6 =\n|Length_km6 =\n|Length_mi6 =\n|Turns6 =\n|Banking6 =\n|Record_time6 =\n|Record_driver6 =\n|Record_team6 =\n|Record_year6 =\n|Record_class6 =\n}}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Jarak","translated_text":"Distance","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Catat bahwaa jarak harus diberikan baik dalam satuan kilometer dan mil agar bisa ditampilkan dengan benar.","translated_text":"Note that a distance must be given in both kilometers and miles in order to be displayed correctly.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara baku, kilometer akan ditampilkan dahulu, diikuti oleh mil dalam tanda kurung.","translated_text":"By default, kilometers will be displayed first, followed by miles in parentheses.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk membalikkan urutan keduanya, tambahkan","translated_text":"To reverse the second order, add","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"preformatted","content":"\n|miles_first = true\n"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dimana saja dalam kode kotak info.","translated_text":"Anywhere in the info box code.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gambar dan/atau logo","translated_text":"Images and/or logos","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketiklah format gambar secara penuh, tidak hanya nama berkas, contohnya seperti ini:","translated_text":"Enter the full image format, not just the file name, for example like this:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"preformatted","content":"\n|image = [[Berkas:BrooklandsCircuitLayout.png|frameless]]\n"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Templat Formula Satu Kategori:Templat kotak info olahraga","translated_text":"Categories:Football Formula One Templates Categories:Football box info","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"A1 Grand Prix Musim 2008-09","wikicode":"#ALIH [[A1 Grand Prix musim 2008–09]]","hash":"4d1c2e6a90e65a1741c638a530bfb5dc76fb6cc144a57e54e1ffba0efcc8ef67","last_revision":"2010-10-29T00:51:48Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:51:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:35:59.991505","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH A1 Grand Prix musim 2008–09\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH A1 Grand Prix musim 2008–09","translated_text":"The A1 Grand Prix season 2008 ⁇ 09","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Kategori:A1 Grand Prix","wikicode":"{{artikelutama}}\n{{Commonscat|A1 Grand Prix}}\n\n[[Kategori:Seri balap formula]]\n[[Kategori:Federasi Otomotif Internasional]]\n[[Kategori:Kejuaraan dunia olahraga]]","hash":"541047b063a0aeab8d841f1f9406d7a9539ac882fc9e743765088edcf5bc79b2","last_revision":"2019-04-07T10:10:22Z","first_revision":null,"first_revision_access_date":null,"cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kategori:Seri balap formula Kategori:Federasi Otomotif Internasional Kategori:Kejuaraan dunia olahraga\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Seri balap formula Kategori:Federasi Otomotif Internasional Kategori:Kejuaraan dunia olahraga","translated_text":": Formula racing series Category:International Automotive Federation Category:World championship of sports","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:Sirkuit A1 Grand Prix","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Sirkuit A1GP]]","hash":"621c20c4f6b3ed38d9e02f8294f8f4a8d5387f11a8215ea06c0c7d6ec0fe7ada","last_revision":"2010-10-29T00:57:57Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T00:57:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.108518","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Sirkuit A1GP\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Sirkuit A1GP","translated_text":"A1GP circuit","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Berkas:Interwikibintang.JPG","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n|description = Contoh Interwiki\n|source = \n|date = \n|author = \n|permission = \n|other_versions = \n}}\n\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{GFDL-self|migration=not-eligible}}","hash":"d8573358e7532c2e811619933afa614764112e4bcec7a28f6f9907a537902aa2","last_revision":"2020-05-21T17:37:11Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T02:08:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.161973","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's not.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:CountryAbbr2/debug","wikicode":"","hash":"a4bc8c3122a81d1d6beb6499cd5e2b3ba5c7bb2a647898dc46523518324b0f05","last_revision":"2010-10-29T02:14:43Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T02:14:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.217365","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:CountryAbbr2/debug","arz":"قالب:CountryAbbr2/debug","ban":"Mal:CountryAbbr2/debug","bh":"टेम्पलेट:CountryAbbr2/debug","bn":"টেমপ্লেট:CountryAbbr2/debug","bug":"Templat:CountryAbbr2/debug","ceb":"Plantilya:CountryAbbr2/debug","ckb":"داڕێژە:CountryAbbr2/debug","da":"Skabelon:CountryAbbr2/debug","fa":"الگو:CountryAbbr2/debug","fo":"Fyrimynd:CountryAbbr2/debug","hi":"साँचा:CountryAbbr2/debug","ja":"Template:CountryAbbr2/debug","jv":"Cithakan:CountryAbbr2/debug","ka":"თარგი:CountryAbbr2/debug","kn":"ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:CountryAbbr2/debug","ky":"Калып:CountryAbbr2/debug","mai":"आकृति:CountryAbbr2/debug","mg":"Endrika:CountryAbbr2/debug","ml":"ഫലകം:CountryAbbr2/debug","ms":"Templat:CountryAbbr2/debug","nn":"Mal:CountryAbbr2/debug","or":"ଛାଞ୍ଚ:CountryAbbr2/debug","pa":"ਫਰਮਾ:CountryAbbr2/debug","ps":"کينډۍ:CountryAbbr2/debug","pt":"Predefinição:CountryAbbr2/debug","sa":"फलकम्:CountryAbbr2/debug","sh":"Šablon:CountryAbbr2/debug","si":"සැකිල්ල:CountryAbbr2/debug","simple":"Template:CountryAbbr2/debug","sl":"Predloga:CountryAbbr2/debug","so":"Template:CountryAbbr2/debug","stq":"Foarloage:CountryAbbr2/debug","sv":"Mall:CountryAbbr2/debug","ta":"வார்ப்புரு:CountryAbbr2/debug","te":"మూస:CountryAbbr2/debug","th":"แม่แบบ:CountryAbbr2/debug","tk":"Şablon:CountryAbbr2/debug","tl":"Padron:CountryAbbr2/debug","ur":"سانچہ:CountryAbbr2/debug","vi":"Bản mẫu:CountryAbbr2/debug","war":"Batakan:CountryAbbr2/debug","yo":"Àdàkọ:CountryAbbr2/debug","zh":"Template:CountryAbbr2/debug","zh-yue":"Template:CountryAbbr2/debug"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Templat:ProvinciaIT (short form)","wikicode":"[[{{ProvinciaIT (unlinked)|sigla={{{sigla|}}}}}|{{#switch:{{{sigla|}}}\n|AG=Agrigento\n|AL=Alessandria\n|AN=Ancona\n|AO=Aosta Valley\n|AP=Ascoli Piceno\n|AQ=L'Aquila\n|AR=Arezzo\n|AT=Asti\n|AV=Avellino\n|BA=Bari\n|BG=Bergamo\n|BI=Biella\n|BL=Belluno\n|BN=Benevento\n|BO=Bologna\n|BR=Brindisi\n|BS=Brescia\n|BT=Barletta-Andria-Trani\n|BZ=Bolzano-Bozen\n|CA=Cagliari\n|CB=Campobasso\n|CE=Caserta\n|CH=Chieti\n|CI=Carbonia-Iglesias\n|CL=Caltanissetta\n|CN=Cuneo\n|CO=Como\n|CR=Cremona\n|CS=Cosenza\n|CT=Catania\n|CZ=Catanzaro\n|EN=Enna\n|FC=Forlì-Cesena\n|FE=Ferrara\n|FG=Foggia\n|FI=Florence\n|FM=Fermo\n|FR=Frosinone\n|GE=Genoa\n|GO=Gorizia\n|GR=Grosseto\n|IM=Imperia\n|IS=Isernia\n|KR=Crotone\n|LC=Lecco\n|LE=Lecce\n|LI=Livorno\n|LO=Lodi\n|LT=Latina\n|LU=Lucca\n|MB=Monza and Brianza\n|MC=Macerata\n|ME=Messina\n|MI=Milan\n|MN=Mantua\n|MO=Modena\n|MS=Massa-Carrara\n|MT=Matera\n|NA=Naples\n|NO=Novara\n|NU=Nuoro\n|OG=Ogliastra\n|OR=Oristano\n|OT=Olbia-Tempio\n|PA=Palermo\n|PC=Piacenza\n|PD=Padua\n|PE=Pescara\n|PG=Perugia\n|PI=Pisa\n|PN=Pordenone\n|PO=Prato\n|PR=Parma\n|PT=Pistoia\n|PU=Pesaro e Urbino\n|PV=Pavia\n|PZ=Potenza\n|RA=Ravenna\n|RC=Reggio Calabria\n|RE=Reggio Emilia\n|RG=Ragusa\n|RI=Rieti\n|RM=Rome\n|RN=Rimini\n|RO=Rovigo\n|SA=Salerno\n|SI=Siena\n|SO=Sondrio\n|SP=La Spezia\n|SR=Syracuse\n|SS=Sassari\n|SV=Savona\n|TA=Taranto\n|TE=Teramo\n|TN=Trento\n|TO=Turin\n|TP=Trapani\n|TR=Terni\n|TS=Trieste\n|TV=Treviso\n|UD=Udine\n|VA=Varese\n|VB=Verbano-Cusio-Ossola\n|VC=Vercelli\n|VE=Venice\n|VI=Vicenza\n|VR=Verona\n|VS=Medio Campidano\n|VT=Viterbo\n|VV=Vibo Valentia\n|\n}}]]\n----\nPurpose:\n\nProvides a province name, in its English form (e.g.) ''Rome'' for its standard abbreviation, (e.g.) RM\n\n----\nUsage\n\n{{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=THE_CODE}}\n
\n{{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=RE}}\n
AG=Agrigento\n
AL=Alessandria\n
AN=Ancona\n
AO=Aosta Valley\n
AP=Ascoli Piceno\n
AQ=L'Aquila\n
AR=Arezzo\n
AT=Asti\n
AV=Avellino\n
BA=Bari\n
BG=Bergamo\n
BI=Biella\n
BL=Belluno\n
BN=Benevento\n
BO=Bologna\n
BR=Brindisi\n
BS=Brescia\n
BT=Barletta-Andria-Trani\n
BZ=Bolzano\n
CA=Cagliari\n
CB=Campobasso\n
CE=Caserta\n
CH=Chieti\n
CI=Carbonia-Iglesias\n
CL=Caltanissetta\n
CN=Cuneo\n
CO=Como\n
CR=Cremona\n
CS=Cosenza\n
CT=Catania\n
CZ=Catanzaro\n
EN=Enna\n
FC=Forlì-Cesena\n
FE=Ferrara\n
FG=Foggia\n
FI=Florence\n
FM=Fermo\n
FR=Frosinone\n
GE=Genoa\n
GO=Gorizia\n
GR=Grosseto\n
IM=Imperia\n
IS=Isernia\n
KR=Crotone\n
LC=Lecco\n
LE=Lecce\n
LI=Livorno\n
LO=Lodi\n
LT=Latina\n
LU=Lucca\n
MB=Monza and Brianza\n
MC=Macerata\n
ME=Messina\n
MI=Milan\n
MN=Mantua\n
MO=Modena\n
MS=Massa-Carrara\n
MT=Matera\n
NA=Naples\n
NO=Novara\n
NU=Nuoro\n
OG=Ogliastra\n
OR=Oristano\n
OT=Olbia-Tempio\n
PA=Palermo\n
PC=Piacenza\n
PD=Padua\n
PE=Pescara\n
PG=Perugia\n
PI=Pisa\n
PN=Pordenone\n
PO=Prato\n
PR=Parma\n
PT=Pistoia\n
PU=Pesaro e Urbino\n
PV=Pavia\n
PZ=Potenza\n
RA=Ravenna\n
RC=Reggio Calabria\n
RE=Reggio Emilia\n
RG=Ragusa\n
RI=Rieti\n
RM=Rome\n
RN=Rimini\n
RO=Rovigo\n
SA=Salerno\n
SI=Siena\n
SO=Sondrio\n
SP=La Spezia\n
SR=Syracuse\n
SS=Sassari\n
SV=Savona\n
TA=Taranto\n
TE=Teramo\n
TN=Trento\n
TO=Turin\n
TP=Trapani\n
TR=Terni\n
TS=Trieste\n
TV=Treviso\n
UD=Udine\n
VA=Varese\n
VB=Verbano-Cusio-Ossola\n
VC=Vercelli\n
VE=Venice\n
VI=Vicenza\n
VR=Verona\n
VS=Medio Campidano\n
VT=Viterbo\n
VV=Vibo Valentia\n","hash":"c352e56947471581c36205edd42512d78d34cc11645101c50b415e9f21363e94","last_revision":"2013-04-15T03:25:58Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T02:15:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.281269","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:ProvinciaIT (short form)","arz":"قالب:ProvinciaIT (short form)","azb":"شابلون:ProvinciaIT/short form","bh":"टेम्पलेट:ProvinciaIT/short form","en":"Template:ProvinciaIT/short form","fa":"الگو:ProvinciaIT (short form)","ilo":"Plantilia:ProvinciaIT (short form)","jv":"Cithakan:ProvinciaIT (short form)","ml":"ഫലകം:ProvinciaIT (short form)","sco":"Template:ProvinciaIT (short form)","si":"සැකිල්ල:ProvinciaIT/short form","simple":"Template:ProvinciaIT/short form","su":"Citakan:ProvinciaIT (short form)","th":"แม่แบบ:ProvinciaIT (short form)","ur":"سانچہ:ProvinciaIT (short form)","vi":"Bản mẫu:ProvinciaIT/short form"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"{{#switch:{{{sigla|}}} |AG=Agrigento 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I'm going to do this. I'm going to do this. I'm going to do this. I'm going to do this. 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+{"title":"Good Times Bad Times","wikicode":"{{About|lagu Led Zeppelin|other uses|Good Times Bad Times (disambiguasi)}}\n{{Infobox song|type=single\n| Name = Good Times Bad Times\n| Cover = gtbtsingle.jpg\n| Artist = [[Led Zeppelin]]\n| Album = [[Led Zeppelin (album)|Led Zeppelin]]\n| B-side = \"[[Communication Breakdown]]\"\n| Released = 10 Maret 1969\n| track_no = 1\n| Recorded = Oktober 1968, [[Olympic Studios]], [[London]]\n| Format = [[gramaphone record|7\"]]\n| Genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]\n| Length = 2:47\n| Label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]\n| Writer = [[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], [[Jimmy Page]]\n| Producer = [[Jimmy Page]]\n| Background = \n| Last single = \n| This single = \"'''Good Times Bad Times'''\" / \"'''Communication Breakdown'''\"
(1969)\n| Next single = \"[[Whole Lotta Love]]\" / \"[[Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)]]\"
(1969)\n| Misc = {{Extra track listing \n | Album = [[Led Zeppelin (album)|Led Zeppelin]]\n | Type = single\n | this_track = \"'''Good Times Bad Times'''\"\n | track_no = 1\n | next_track = \"[[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You#Led Zeppelin version|Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]\" \n | next_no = 2\n }}\n {{Audiosample\n | Background = Single\n | Upper caption = Audio sample\n | Audio file = Led Zeppelin - Led Zeppelin I - 01 Good Times Bad Times.ogg\n }}\n}}\n\"'''Good Times Bad Times'''\" adalah lagu oleh band [[rock music|rock]] asal [[Inggris]] [[Led Zeppelin]], yang menjadi lagu pembuka mereka pada album debut mereka, ''[[Led Zeppelin I|Led Zeppelin]]''.\n\nUntuk solo gitar lagu ini, gitaris [[Jimmy Page]] mencolokan gitar [[Telecaster]]nya lewat sebuah [[Leslie speaker]] untuk membuat efek suara berputar-putar.[Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9][Steven Rosen, [http://www.modernguitars.com/archives/003340.html 1977 Jimmy Page Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105123043/http://www.modernguitars.com/archives/003340.html |date=2011-01-05 }}, ''Modern Guitars'', 25 May 2007 (originally published in the July 1977, issue of ''[[Guitar Player]]'' magazine).] [[loudspeaker|Speaker]] ini berisi sebuah kayuh berputar yang didesain khusus untuk [[Hammond organ]]. Kendati demikian, gitar dapat juga dipakai bersama speaker ini. [[George Harrison]] dan [[Eric Clapton]] menggunakan teknik ini pada lagu \"[[Badge (lagu)|Badge]]\" oleh [[Cream (band)|Cream]], dan Harrison menggunakan juga teknik ini pada beberapa lagu [[The Beatles]].[{{Cite web |url=http://www.norwegianwood.org/beatles/disko/uklp/abbey.htm |title=Abbey Road |access-date=2010-10-29 |archive-date=2013-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330192820/http://www.norwegianwood.org/beatles/disko/uklp/abbey.htm |dead-url=yes }}] Pada sebuah sesi tanya jawab yang diadakan oleh majalah ''[[Guitar World]]'' pada tahun 1993, page menjelaskan bahwa:\n\n{{quote|Saya ingat ketika saya menggunakan papan untuk meng-''overdrive'' sebuah kabinet Leslie untuk merekam riff utama pada lagu \"How Many More Times\". Suaranya tidak seperti Leslie karena saya tidak menggunakan speaker berputarnya. Tetapi yang mengejutkan, suaranya sangat mantap. Gitarnya melewati papan itu, lalu melewati ''amplifier'' yang menyalakan kabinet Leslie. itu adalah salah satu eksperimen yang paling sukses.[[http://www.iem.ac.ru/zeppelin/docs/interviews/page_93.gw Interview with Jimmy Page], ''[[Guitar World]]'' magazine, 1993]}}\n\nPage, yang juga merupakan [[Produser rekaman|produser]], meletakan mikrofon di seluruh studio rekaman untuk mendapatkan suara langsung ketika lagu ini direkam.\n\n\n== Sumber ==\n* Lewis, Dave (2004) ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', ISBN 0-7119-3528-9\n* Welch, Chris (1998) ''Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song'', ISBN 1-56025-818-7\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=370093944&search_in=i&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=20&start=1 ASCAP entry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707173031/http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=370093944&search_in=i&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=20&start=1 |date=2011-07-07 }}\n* {{youtube|0pXxVm-hdEo|\"Good Times Bad Times\" Official music video (Godsmack version)}}\n\n{{Led Zeppelin album}}\n{{Led Zeppelin}}\n{{Godsmack}}\n\n[[Kategori:Singel tahun 1969]]","hash":"2b7501ee4fe9cb9bd7dd331bab6d94209eaeffda9498492be6ec2133a956dd6a","last_revision":"2022-05-23T08:39:18Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T02:39:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.345853","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Good Times Bad Times","ca":"Good Times Bad Times","de":"Good Times Bad Times","en":"Good Times Bad Times","es":"Good Times, Bad Times","fa":"اوقات خوب اوقات بد","fi":"Good Times Bad Times","fr":"Good Times Bad Times","he":"Good Times Bad Times","hu":"Good Times Bad Times","it":"Good Times, Bad Times/Communication Breakdown","ja":"グッド・タイムズ・バッド・タイムズ","ka":"Good Times Bad Times","ko":"Good Times Bad Times","nl":"Good Times Bad Times (Led Zeppelin)","nn":"Good Times Bad Times","nb":"Good Times Bad Times","pl":"Good Times Bad Times","pt":"Good Times Bad Times","ru":"Good Times, Bad Times","sv":"Good Times Bad Times","tr":"Good Times Bad Times","uk":"Good Times Bad Times","vi":"Good Times Bad Times"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"\"Good Times Bad Times\" adalah lagu oleh band rock asal Inggris Led Zeppelin, yang menjadi lagu pembuka mereka pada album debut mereka, Led Zeppelin.\n\nUntuk solo gitar lagu ini, gitaris Jimmy Page mencolokan gitar Telecasternya lewat sebuah Leslie speaker untuk membuat efek suara berputar-putar. Speaker ini berisi sebuah kayuh berputar yang didesain khusus untuk Hammond organ. Kendati demikian, gitar dapat juga dipakai bersama speaker ini. George Harrison dan Eric Clapton menggunakan teknik ini pada lagu \"Badge\" oleh Cream, dan Harrison menggunakan juga teknik ini pada beberapa lagu The Beatles. Pada sebuah sesi tanya jawab yang diadakan oleh majalah Guitar World pada tahun 1993, page menjelaskan bahwa:\n\nPage, yang juga merupakan produser, meletakan mikrofon di seluruh studio rekaman untuk mendapatkan suara langsung ketika lagu ini direkam.\n\nLewis, Dave (2004) The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9 Welch, Chris (1998) Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song, ISBN 1-56025-818-7\n\nASCAP entry\n\nKategori:Singel tahun 1969\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox song|type=single\n| Name = Good Times Bad Times\n| Cover = gtbtsingle.jpg\n| Artist = [[Led Zeppelin]]\n| Album = [[Led Zeppelin (album)|Led Zeppelin]]\n| B-side = \"[[Communication Breakdown]]\"\n| Released = 10 Maret 1969\n| track_no = 1\n| Recorded = Oktober 1968, [[Olympic Studios]], [[London]]\n| Format = [[gramaphone record|7\"]]\n| Genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]\n| Length = 2:47\n| Label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]\n| Writer = [[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], [[Jimmy Page]]\n| Producer = [[Jimmy Page]]\n| Background = \n| Last single = \n| This single = \"'''Good Times Bad Times'''\" / \"'''Communication Breakdown'''\"
(1969)\n| Next single = \"[[Whole Lotta Love]]\" / \"[[Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)]]\"
(1969)\n| Misc = {{Extra track listing \n | Album = [[Led Zeppelin (album)|Led Zeppelin]]\n | Type = single\n | this_track = \"'''Good Times Bad Times'''\"\n | track_no = 1\n | next_track = \"[[Babe I'm Gonna Leave You#Led Zeppelin version|Babe I'm Gonna Leave You]]\" \n | next_no = 2\n }}\n {{Audiosample\n | Background = Single\n | Upper caption = Audio sample\n | Audio file = Led Zeppelin - Led Zeppelin I - 01 Good Times Bad Times.ogg\n }}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"Good Times Bad Times\" adalah lagu oleh band rock asal Inggris Led Zeppelin, yang menjadi lagu pembuka mereka pada album debut mereka, Led Zeppelin.","translated_text":"\"Good Times Bad Times\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released as the opening track on their debut album, Led Zeppelin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk solo gitar lagu ini, gitaris Jimmy Page mencolokan gitar Telecasternya lewat 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Kendati demikian, gitar dapat juga dipakai bersama speaker ini. George Harrison dan Eric Clapton menggunakan teknik ini pada lagu \"Badge\" oleh Cream, dan Harrison menggunakan juga teknik ini pada beberapa lagu The Beatles.","translated_text":"This speaker contains a rotating wooden frame designed specifically for the Hammond organ. However, guitars can also be used with these speakers. 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+{"title":"Desiré Delano Bouterse","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Desi Bouterse]]","hash":"f86f50ccae8ff21a177083037e5dde2b74d84fb5e9b7c7904f95b6edf561a9c0","last_revision":"2010-10-29T10:03:08Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:02:02Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.406385","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Desi Bouterse\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Desi Bouterse","translated_text":"What about Desi Bouterse?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Desire Delano Bouterse","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Desi Bouterse]]","hash":"f86f50ccae8ff21a177083037e5dde2b74d84fb5e9b7c7904f95b6edf561a9c0","last_revision":"2010-10-29T10:03:14Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:02:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.474141","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Desi Bouterse\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Desi Bouterse","translated_text":"What about Desi Bouterse?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Heart 2 Heart","wikicode":"{{Infobox Film\n|name = Heart 2 Heart\n|image = Heart 2 Heart (poster).jpg\n|image_size = \n|caption = \n|director = [[Nayato Fio Nuala]][\n|producer = [[Chand Parwez Servia]]\n|eproducer = [[Fiaz Servia]]{{br}}[[Bustal Nawawi]]\n|aproducer = \n|writer = [[Titien Wattimena]]][\n|starring = [[Aliff Alli]]]
[[Irish Bella]]
[[Arumi Bachsin]]
[[Wulan Guritno]]
[[George Taka]]
Argatama Levy
[[Indah Permatasari]]\n|music = [[Anto Hoed]]{{br}}[[Melly Goeslaw]]\n|cinematography = [[Nayato Fio Nuala]]{{br}}[[Freddy A. Lingga]]\n|editing = [[Tiara Puspa Rani]]\n|studio = [[Kharisma Starvision Plus|Starvision]]\n|distributor = [[Kharisma Starvision Plus|Starvision]]\n|released = {{Film date|2010|11|10|Indonesia}}\n|runtime =\n|country = [[Indonesia]]\n|awards = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n|budget = \n|gross = \n|followed_by = \n|website = \n|amg_id = \n|imdb_id = \n}}\n'''Heart 2 Heart''' adalah [[film drama]] [[film remaja|remaja]] [[Indonesia]] yang dirilis pada 11 November [[2010]] dengan disutradarai oleh [[Nayato Fio Nuala]] yang dibintangi oleh [[Aliff Alli]] dan [[Irish Bella]].[{{Cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/ |title=Heart 2 Heart (2010) pada IMDB |access-date=2015-01-23 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720022532/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/ |dead-url=no }}]\n\n== Sinopsis ==\n\nSemua berawal dari pertemuan tak sengaja antara Pandu ([[Aliff Alli]]) bersama sahabatnya (Argatama Levy) dengan Indah ([[Irish Bella]]), di sebuah danau nan indah.\n\nTiga hari pertemuan-pertemuan ini berlanjut, Pandu dan Indah menemukan kebahagiaan yang diisi keindahan hutan, kebun teh, danau, dan cinta. Saat itu Indah sedang berlibur di villa bersama orang tuanya. Kebersamaan Pandu dan Indah terus terbawa dalam hati masing-masing ketika keduanya ke Jakarta, Pandu yakin apabila jodoh mereka akan bertemu kembali, Indah memang bersekolah di Jakarta, dan Pandu baru akan pindah ke Jakarta.\n\nLaksana jodoh, garis hidup yang sudah dituliskan Tuhan, Indah bertemu kembali dengan Pandu, dan cinta itu tetap ada walau kini ada rintangan. Indah sudah memiliki ‘pacar’, dan tepatnya jodoh pilihan mamanya ([[Wulan Guritno]]) bernama Ramon ([[Miradz]]).\n\nHingga kemudian, sebuah kecelakaan merenggut sebagian hidup Indah. Penglihatannya dan pita suaranya. Saat itulah, kakak Indah ([[Arumi Bachsin]]) kembali, setelah selama ini pergi, karena menolak jadi boneka ibunya. Indah ibarat boneka rusak, menolak ditemani orang tuanya, apalagi pacar pilihan orang tuanya. Pandu kembali muncul. Pandu melepaskan sekolahnya di Jakarta untuk kembali ke desa, menyusul Indah, yang memilih menghabiskan kesendiriannya di villa. Pandu tak pernah membiarkan Indah sendiri, seberapa keras pun Indah menolaknya. Bersama-sama, Pandu dan Gita, sahabat Indah ([[Indah Permatasari]]) mencoba mengembalikan senyum Indah.\n\nDan di situlah, di tempat awal mereka bertemu, Indah dan Pandu kembali bersatu. Seperti sebuah kalimat, “manusia boleh pergi, tetapi cinta tinggal selama-lamanya”, begitulah kisah kasih mereka pun menjadi abadi.[[http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, Laman Heart 2 Heart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124015154/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, |date=2012-01-24 }}, diakses pada 29 Oktober 2010]\n\n{{Infobox Album \n|Name = Dancing In The Silence\n|Type = soundtrack\n|Artist = [[Melly Goeslaw|Melly]]\n|Cover = Dancing In The Silence.jpg\n|Released = [[2011]]\n|Recorded = 2010\n|Genre = Pop\n|Length = \n|Label = [[Aquarius Musikindo]] \n|Producer = [[Melly Goeslaw]] & [[Anto Hoed]] \n|Reviews =\n|Last album = ''[[Glow]]'' {{br}}(2009)\n|This album = ''Dancing In The Silence'' {{br}} (2011)\n|Next album = \n| Misc = {{Singles\n|name = Dancing In The Silence\n|type = soundtrack\n|single1 = Kembalikan Senyumku\n|single1date = November 2010 \n|single2 = Yuk Kita Jadian\n|single2date = Desember 2010 \n|single3 = Love Story\n|single3date = Januari 2011\n }}\n}}\n\n== Pemeran ==\n* [[Aliff Alli]] - Pandu\n* [[Irish Bella]] - Indah\n* [[Arumi Bachsin]] - Kakak Indah\n* [[Wulan Guritno]] - Ibu Indah\n* Miradz - Ramon\n* Argatama Levy - Sahabat Pandu\n* [[Indah Permatasari]] - Gita, sahabat Indah\n\n== Lagu tema ==\nLagu tema film ini dinyanyikan sepenuhnya oleh [[Melly Goeslaw]] dan untuk film ini dia telah menghasilkan tiga buah lagu yang berjudul Kembalikan Senyumku yang dijadikan single, Tanyakan pada Rumput yang Bergoyang dan I'm Not Diva. Ketiga-tiga lagu ini terdapat di dalam albumnya yang berjudul [[Dancing In The Silence]].\n\n=== Track listing ===\n{{track listing\n| headline = Standard edition\n| all_music = [[Melly Goeslaw]], kecuali yang ditandai berikut\n| extra_column = Babak\n| music_credits = yes\n| title1 = Kembalikan Senyumku\n| music1 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra1 = Pandu menanti kepulangan Indah dari Amerika, Indah merusuh kerna tidak dapat melihat, Pandu bertemu Indah di danau setelah lama tidak bertemu, Indah pergi ke rumah Pandu dalam keadaan hujan lebat & Indah berada di danau setelah pulang dari pusara Pandu.\n| length1 = 3:59\n| title2 = Love Story\n| music2 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Irwansyah]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]] & [[Irwansyah]]\n| extra2 = -\n| length2 = 4:02\n| title3 = I'm Not Diva\n| music3 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra3 = Semua orang menari di pesta ulang tahun Siska\n| length3 = 3:34\n| title4 = Renungan Cinta\n| music4 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra4 = -\n| length4 = 3:48\n| title5 = Tanyakan pada Rumput yang Bergoyang\n| music5 =[[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra5 = Pandu, Indah, Dimas, Gita, Toni serta Endro memetik daun teh & lagu penutup\n| length5 = 4:16\n| title6 =Takut Patah Hati \n| music6 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra6 = -\n| length6 = 4:18\n| title7 = Yuk Kita Jadian\n| music7 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra7 = -\n| length7 = 3:01\n| title8 = Apa Bagusnya Dia\n| music8 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]]\n| extra8 = -\n| length8 = 3:10\n| title9 = Syair Kehidupan\n| music9 = [[Anto Hoed]] & [[Melly Goeslaw]] dendangan [[Melly Goeslaw]] featuring [[Ahmad Albar]]\n| extra9 = - \n| length9 = 3:45\n|total_length = 32:33\n}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm Ulasan di Cineplex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030151008/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm |date=2010-10-30 }}\n\n{{Nayato Fio Nuala}}\n\n[[Kategori:Film berbahasa Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film drama]]\n[[Kategori:Film remaja]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 2010]]\n[[Kategori:Film sekuel]]\n[[Kategori:Film Starvision]]\n\n\n{{Film-indo-stub}}","hash":"c7c402a176c09c5686d80055b70e6e8404c2057712b10b2952e3fcad699719c7","last_revision":"2024-02-24T05:04:01Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:21:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.542279","cross_lingual_links":{"cy":"Heart 2 Heart","en":"Heart 2 Heart (film)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Heart 2 Heart adalah film drama remaja Indonesia yang dirilis pada 11 November 2010 dengan disutradarai oleh Nayato Fio Nuala yang dibintangi oleh Aliff Alli dan Irish Bella.\n\nSemua berawal dari pertemuan tak sengaja antara Pandu (Aliff Alli) bersama sahabatnya (Argatama Levy) dengan Indah (Irish Bella), di sebuah danau nan indah.\n\nTiga hari pertemuan-pertemuan ini berlanjut, Pandu dan Indah menemukan kebahagiaan yang diisi keindahan hutan, kebun teh, danau, dan cinta. Saat itu Indah sedang berlibur di villa bersama orang tuanya. Kebersamaan Pandu dan Indah terus terbawa dalam hati masing-masing ketika keduanya ke Jakarta, Pandu yakin apabila jodoh mereka akan bertemu kembali, Indah memang bersekolah di Jakarta, dan Pandu baru akan pindah ke Jakarta.\n\nLaksana jodoh, garis hidup yang sudah dituliskan Tuhan, Indah bertemu kembali dengan Pandu, dan cinta itu tetap ada walau kini ada rintangan. Indah sudah memiliki 'pacar', dan tepatnya jodoh pilihan mamanya (Wulan Guritno) bernama Ramon (Miradz).\n\nHingga kemudian, sebuah kecelakaan merenggut sebagian hidup Indah. Penglihatannya dan pita suaranya. Saat itulah, kakak Indah (Arumi Bachsin) kembali, setelah selama ini pergi, karena menolak jadi boneka ibunya. Indah ibarat boneka rusak, menolak ditemani orang tuanya, apalagi pacar pilihan orang tuanya. Pandu kembali muncul. Pandu melepaskan sekolahnya di Jakarta untuk kembali ke desa, menyusul Indah, yang memilih menghabiskan kesendiriannya di villa. Pandu tak pernah membiarkan Indah sendiri, seberapa keras pun Indah menolaknya. Bersama-sama, Pandu dan Gita, sahabat Indah (Indah Permatasari) mencoba mengembalikan senyum Indah.\n\nDan di situlah, di tempat awal mereka bertemu, Indah dan Pandu kembali bersatu. Seperti sebuah kalimat, \"manusia boleh pergi, tetapi cinta tinggal selama-lamanya\", begitulah kisah kasih mereka pun menjadi abadi.\n\nAliff Alli - Pandu Irish Bella - Indah Arumi Bachsin - Kakak Indah Wulan Guritno - Ibu Indah Miradz - Ramon Argatama Levy - Sahabat Pandu Indah Permatasari - Gita, sahabat Indah\n\nLagu tema film ini dinyanyikan sepenuhnya oleh Melly Goeslaw dan untuk film ini dia telah menghasilkan tiga buah lagu yang berjudul Kembalikan Senyumku yang dijadikan single, Tanyakan pada Rumput yang Bergoyang dan I'm Not Diva. Ketiga-tiga lagu ini terdapat di dalam albumnya yang berjudul Dancing In The Silence.\n\nUlasan di Cineplex\n\nKategori:Film berbahasa Indonesia Kategori:Film drama Kategori:Film remaja Kategori:Film Indonesia Kategori:Film Indonesia tahun 2010 Kategori:Film sekuel Kategori:Film Starvision\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Film\n|name = Heart 2 Heart\n|image = Heart 2 Heart (poster).jpg\n|image_size = \n|caption = \n|director = [[Nayato Fio Nuala]][\n|producer = [[Chand Parwez Servia]]\n|eproducer = [[Fiaz Servia]]{{br}}[[Bustal Nawawi]]\n|aproducer = \n|writer = [[Titien Wattimena]]][\n|starring = [[Aliff Alli]]]
[[Irish Bella]]
[[Arumi Bachsin]]
[[Wulan Guritno]]
[[George Taka]]
Argatama Levy
[[Indah Permatasari]]\n|music = [[Anto Hoed]]{{br}}[[Melly Goeslaw]]\n|cinematography = [[Nayato Fio Nuala]]{{br}}[[Freddy A. Lingga]]\n|editing = [[Tiara Puspa Rani]]\n|studio = [[Kharisma Starvision Plus|Starvision]]\n|distributor = [[Kharisma Starvision Plus|Starvision]]\n|released = {{Film date|2010|11|10|Indonesia}}\n|runtime =\n|country = [[Indonesia]]\n|awards = \n|movie_language = [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesia]]\n|budget = \n|gross = \n|followed_by = \n|website = \n|amg_id = \n|imdb_id = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Heart 2 Heart adalah film drama remaja Indonesia yang dirilis pada 11 November 2010 dengan disutradarai oleh Nayato Fio Nuala yang dibintangi oleh Aliff Alli dan Irish Bella.","translated_text":"Heart 2 Heart is an Indonesian teen drama film released on 11 November 2010 directed by Nayato Fio Nuala starring Aliff Alli and Irish Bella.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/ |title=Heart 2 Heart (2010) pada IMDB |access-date=2015-01-23 |archive-date=2023-07-20 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pandu kembali muncul.","translated_text":"The guide is back.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pandu melepaskan sekolahnya di Jakarta untuk kembali ke desa, menyusul Indah, yang memilih menghabiskan kesendiriannya di villa.","translated_text":"Pandu dropped out of school in Jakarta to return to the village, following Indah, who chose to spend her solitude in the villa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pandu tak pernah membiarkan Indah sendiri, seberapa keras pun Indah menolaknya.","translated_text":"The guide never leaves Beauty alone, no matter how hard Beauty rejects her.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama-sama, Pandu dan Gita, sahabat Indah (Indah Permatasari) mencoba mengembalikan senyum Indah.","translated_text":"Together, Pandu and Gita, the beautiful companions try to restore the beautiful smile.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dan di situlah, di tempat awal mereka bertemu, Indah dan Pandu kembali bersatu.","translated_text":"And that's where, where they first met, Beauty and the Beast reunited.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti sebuah kalimat, \"manusia boleh pergi, tetapi cinta tinggal selama-lamanya\", begitulah kisah kasih mereka pun menjadi abadi.","translated_text":"Just as the saying goes, \"Men may go away, but love endures forever\", so their love story becomes eternal.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, Laman Heart 2 Heart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124015154/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, |date=2012-01-24 }}, diakses pada 29 Oktober 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soundtrack\n|single1 = Kembalikan Senyumku\n|single1date = November 2010 \n|single2 = Yuk Kita Jadian\n|single2date = Desember 2010 \n|single3 = Love Story\n|single3date = Januari 2011\n }}\n}}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemeran","translated_text":"Actors","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aliff Alli - Pandu Irish Bella - Indah Arumi Bachsin - Kakak Indah Wulan Guritno - Ibu Indah Miradz - Ramon Argatama Levy - Sahabat Pandu Indah Permatasari - Gita, sahabat Indah","translated_text":"Aliff Alli - The Irish guide Bella - The beautiful Arumi Bachsin - The beautiful sister of the moon Guritno - The beautiful mother Miradz - Ramon Argatama Levy","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lagu tema","translated_text":"The theme song","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lagu tema film ini dinyanyikan sepenuhnya oleh Melly Goeslaw dan untuk film ini dia telah menghasilkan tiga buah lagu yang berjudul Kembalikan Senyumku yang dijadikan single, Tanyakan pada Rumput yang Bergoyang dan I'm Not Diva.","translated_text":"The film's theme song is sung entirely by Melly Goeslaw and for this film she has produced three singles titled Return My Smile which were made into singles, Ask the Rocking Grass and I'm Not Diva.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketiga","translated_text":"Third","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-tiga lagu ini terdapat di dalam albumnya yang berjudul Dancing In The Silence.","translated_text":"-These three songs are on her album titled Dancing In The Silence.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Track listing","translated_text":"Track listing","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ulasan di Cineplex","translated_text":"Reviews at Cineplex","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030151008/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm |date=2010-10-30 }}","char_index":18,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101030151008/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.751699-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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film released on 11 November 2010 directed by Nayato Fio Nuala starring Aliff Alli and Irish Bella.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/ |title=Heart 2 Heart (2010) pada IMDB |access-date=2015-01-23 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720022532/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/ |dead-url=no }}]","char_index":174,"name":"imdb","url":"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":118,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:25.085691-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[{{Cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1774395/ |title=Heart 2 Heart (2010) pada IMDB |access-date=2015-01-23 |archive-date=2023-07-20 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Seperti sebuah kalimat, \"manusia boleh pergi, tetapi cinta tinggal selama-lamanya\", begitulah kisah kasih mereka pun menjadi abadi.","translated_text":"And that's where, where they first met, Beauty and the Beast reunited. Just as the saying goes, \"Men may go away, but love endures forever\", so their love story becomes eternal.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, Laman Heart 2 Heart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124015154/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, |date=2012-01-24 }}, diakses pada 29 Oktober 2010]","char_index":211,"name":null,"url":"http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm,","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":38705,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:25.283752-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.0916748046875},{"content":"[[http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, Laman Heart 2 Heart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124015154/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm, |date=2012-01-24 }}, diakses pada 29 Oktober 2010]","char_index":211,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120124015154/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm,","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.682232-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ulasan di Cineplex","translated_text":"Reviews at Cineplex","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030151008/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm |date=2010-10-30 }}","char_index":18,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101030151008/http://www.21cineplex.com/heart-2-heart-hear,movie,2411.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.751699-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Pengakuan Sang Pelacur","wikicode":"#ALIH[[Pengakuan Seorang Pelacur]]","hash":"2ce726d326c8b203954a901b1855cc87a4a3e92f74effd456ca31adb06683eb7","last_revision":"2011-05-06T12:15:19Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:29:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.610756","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIHPengakuan Seorang Pelacur\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIHPengakuan Seorang Pelacur","translated_text":"A whore's confession","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Windows Live Sync","wikicode":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Windows Live Sync\n| screenshot = \n| caption = Kotak dialog yang menunjukkan Windows Live Sync telah behasil dipasang pada Windows Vista\n| developer = [[Microsoft Corporation]]\n| latest release version =\n| latest release date =\n| operating system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]], [[Mac OS X]] versi 5.01 ke atas\n| genre = Utility\n| license = [[Freeware]]\n| website = http://www.sync.live.com\n}}\n'''Windows Live Sync''' adalah program yang memiliki fungsi utama mencocokkan berkas atau arsip yang dimiliki oleh 2 unit perangkat [[digital]] atau lebih, misalnya menyesuaikan berkas pengguna pada komputer ''desktop'', ''laptop'' dan ''smartphone'', sehingga berkas atau arsip yang telah ditentukan tidak tumpang tindih dan selalu dalam kondisi terbaru.\n\nSebelumnya perangkat lunak buatan [[Microsoft Corporation]] ini bernama ''FolderShare'' dan program ini bukan bagian dari [[Windows Live Essentials|Windows Live Essentials 2011]]. Aplikasi ini dapat terintegrasi dengan ''Recycle bin'' pada [[Windows]] dan kompatibel dengan layanan [[Windows Live Photo Gallery]]. Untuk mensinkronisasikan data, program ini menyediakan 2 pilihan utama, yaitu ''Automatic Sync'' dan ''On-Demand Sync''. Jika pengguna tetap menginginkan berkas lamanya tidak tertimpa dengan berkas yang baru, maka pilihan kedua tersebut yang harus dipilih.[''Majalah Infokomputer'', edisi Juni 2010, halaman 100-101]\n\nAplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menyesuaikan 20 ''folder'' atau ''libraries''. Setiap library mampu menampung hingga 20.000 arsip dengan catatan seluruh arsip tersebut tidak ada yang memiliki ukuran hingga 4 GB. Untuk menggunakan layanan ini, pengguna hanya diwajibkan memiliki ''Windows Live ID''.[''Majalah Infokomputer'', edisi Juni 2010, halaman 100-101]\n\nNamun sesuai dengan namanya, kelemahan program ini adalah tidak dapat digunakan jika tidak ada jaringan [[internet]], sehingga pengguna yang tidak terhubung ke dunia maya tidak dapat menggunakan layanan program tersebut.\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n\n* [[Windows Live]]\n* [[Windows Live ID]]\n* [[Windows Live Essentials]]\n* [http://www.dimio.altervista.org| DSynchronize]\n* [http://www.markspace.com| Missing Sync]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [http://www.syncbutler.org| Sync Butler]{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [http://www.code.google.com/p/big5sync| Syncless]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [http://www.syncron.sourceforge.net| Synkron]\n* [http://www.portableapps.com/apps/utilities/toucan| Toucan Portable]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* http://www.sync.live.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501042251/http://sync.live.com/ |date=2011-05-01 }} {{en icon}}\n\n{{software-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak]]\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows]]\n[[Kategori:Perangkat lunak gratis]]","hash":"d0e6702d33156bd87e9990d82dcbc5f8a68058942cc322c4323a90be921debed","last_revision":"2023-07-04T05:51:55Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:46:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.671385","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Windows Live Mesh","da":"Windows Live Mesh","de":"Windows Live Mesh","en":"Windows Live Mesh","es":"Windows Live Mesh","fr":"Windows Live Mesh","it":"Windows Live Mesh","ja":"Windows Live Mesh","ko":"윈도우 라이브 메시","mr":"विंडोज लाइव्ह मेश","pt":"Windows Live Mesh","ru":"Windows Live Mesh","tr":"Windows Live Mesh","vi":"Windows Live Mesh","zh":"Windows Live Mesh"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Windows Live Sync adalah program yang memiliki fungsi utama mencocokkan berkas atau arsip yang dimiliki oleh 2 unit perangkat digital atau lebih, misalnya menyesuaikan berkas pengguna pada komputer desktop, laptop dan smartphone, sehingga berkas atau arsip yang telah ditentukan tidak tumpang tindih dan selalu dalam kondisi terbaru.\n\nSebelumnya perangkat lunak buatan Microsoft Corporation ini bernama FolderShare dan program ini bukan bagian dari Windows Live Essentials 2011. Aplikasi ini dapat terintegrasi dengan Recycle bin pada Windows dan kompatibel dengan layanan Windows Live Photo Gallery. Untuk mensinkronisasikan data, program ini menyediakan 2 pilihan utama, yaitu Automatic Sync dan On-Demand Sync. Jika pengguna tetap menginginkan berkas lamanya tidak tertimpa dengan berkas yang baru, maka pilihan kedua tersebut yang harus dipilih.\n\nAplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menyesuaikan 20 folder atau libraries. Setiap library mampu menampung hingga 20.000 arsip dengan catatan seluruh arsip tersebut tidak ada yang memiliki ukuran hingga 4 GB. Untuk menggunakan layanan ini, pengguna hanya diwajibkan memiliki Windows Live ID.\n\nNamun sesuai dengan namanya, kelemahan program ini adalah tidak dapat digunakan jika tidak ada jaringan internet, sehingga pengguna yang tidak terhubung ke dunia maya tidak dapat menggunakan layanan program tersebut.\n\nWindows Live Windows Live ID Windows Live Essentials DSynchronize Missing Sync Sync Butler Syncless Synkron Toucan Portable\n\nKategori:Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows Kategori:Perangkat lunak gratis\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox software\n| name = Windows Live Sync\n| screenshot = \n| caption = Kotak dialog yang menunjukkan Windows Live Sync telah behasil dipasang pada Windows Vista\n| developer = [[Microsoft Corporation]]\n| latest release version =\n| latest release date =\n| operating system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows 7]], [[Mac OS X]] versi 5.01 ke atas\n| genre = Utility\n| license = [[Freeware]]\n| website = http://www.sync.live.com\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Sync adalah program yang memiliki fungsi utama mencocokkan berkas atau arsip yang dimiliki oleh 2 unit perangkat digital atau lebih, misalnya menyesuaikan berkas pengguna pada komputer desktop, laptop dan smartphone, sehingga berkas atau arsip yang telah ditentukan tidak tumpang tindih dan selalu dalam kondisi terbaru.","translated_text":"Windows Live Sync is a program that has the primary function of matching files or archives owned by 2 or more units of digital devices, e.g. adjusting user files on desktop computers, laptops and smartphones, so that the specified files or archives do not overlap and are always up to date.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelumnya perangkat lunak buatan Microsoft Corporation ini bernama FolderShare dan program ini bukan bagian dari Windows Live Essentials 2011.","translated_text":"Previously, this software from Microsoft Corporation was called FolderShare and this program was not part of Windows Live Essentials 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aplikasi ini dapat terintegrasi dengan Recycle bin pada Windows dan kompatibel dengan layanan Windows Live Photo Gallery.","translated_text":"The application can be integrated with the Recycle bin on Windows and is compatible with the Windows Live Photo Gallery service.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mensinkronisasikan data, program ini menyediakan 2 pilihan utama, yaitu Automatic Sync dan On-Demand Sync.","translated_text":"To synchronize data, the program provides two main options, namely Automatic Sync and On-Demand Sync.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika pengguna tetap menginginkan berkas lamanya tidak tertimpa dengan berkas yang baru, maka pilihan kedua tersebut yang harus dipilih.","translated_text":"If the user still wants the old file not to be filled with the new file, then that second option should be chosen.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[''Majalah Infokomputer'', edisi Juni 2010, halaman 100-101]","char_index":135,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menyesuaikan 20 folder atau libraries.","translated_text":"This app can be used to customize 20 folders or libraries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap library mampu menampung hingga 20.000 arsip dengan catatan seluruh arsip tersebut tidak ada yang memiliki ukuran hingga 4 GB.","translated_text":"Each library is capable of holding up to 20,000 archives with records of the entire archive. None of them have a size of up to 4 GB.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk menggunakan layanan ini, pengguna hanya diwajibkan memiliki Windows Live ID.","translated_text":"To use this service, users are only required to have a Windows Live ID.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[''Majalah Infokomputer'', edisi Juni 2010, halaman 100-101]","char_index":82,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Namun sesuai dengan namanya, kelemahan program ini adalah tidak dapat digunakan jika tidak ada jaringan internet, sehingga pengguna yang tidak terhubung ke dunia maya tidak dapat menggunakan layanan program tersebut.","translated_text":"However, as the name suggests, the disadvantage of this program is that it cannot be used without an internet connection, so users who are not connected to the virtual world cannot use the program's services.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Windows Live Windows Live ID Windows Live Essentials DSynchronize Missing Sync Sync Butler Syncless Synkron Toucan Portable","translated_text":"Windows Live Windows Live ID Windows Live Essentials DSynchronize Missing Sync Sync Butler Syncless Sync Toucan Portable","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Perangkat lunak Kategori:Perangkat lunak Windows Kategori:Perangkat lunak gratis","translated_text":":Software Category:Windows software Category:Free software","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Aplikasi ini dapat terintegrasi dengan Recycle bin pada Windows dan kompatibel dengan layanan Windows Live Photo Gallery. Untuk mensinkronisasikan data, program ini menyediakan 2 pilihan utama, yaitu Automatic Sync dan On-Demand Sync. Jika pengguna tetap menginginkan berkas lamanya tidak tertimpa dengan berkas yang baru, maka pilihan kedua tersebut yang harus dipilih.","translated_text":"The application can be integrated with the Recycle bin on Windows and is compatible with the Windows Live Photo Gallery service. To synchronize data, the program provides two main options, namely Automatic Sync and On-Demand Sync. If the user still wants the old file not to be filled with the new file, then that second option should be chosen.","citations":[{"content":"[''Majalah Infokomputer'', edisi Juni 2010, halaman 100-101]","char_index":370,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menyesuaikan 20 folder atau libraries. Setiap library mampu menampung hingga 20.000 arsip dengan catatan seluruh arsip tersebut tidak ada yang memiliki ukuran hingga 4 GB. Untuk menggunakan layanan ini, pengguna hanya diwajibkan memiliki Windows Live ID.","translated_text":"This app can be used to customize 20 folders or libraries. Each library is capable of holding up to 20,000 archives with records of the entire archive. None of them have a size of up to 4 GB. To use this service, users are only required to have a Windows Live ID.","citations":[{"content":"[''Majalah Infokomputer'', edisi Juni 2010, halaman 100-101]","char_index":289,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"George Clift King","wikicode":"{{Orphan|date=November 2022}}\n\n{{Infobox officeholder\n|name = George Clift King\n|image = George Clift King.jpg\n|imagesize= \n|office=Wali kota Calgary\n|predecessor=[[George Murdoch]]\n|successor=[[Arthur Edwin Shelton]]\n|term_start=4 November 1886\n|term_end=16 Januari 1888\n|birth_date= {{Birth date|1848|04|23}}\n|birth_place= [[Chelmsford, Inggris]]\n|death_date= {{death date and age|1935|07|18|1848|04|22}}\n|death_place= \n}}\n'''George Clift King''' ({{lahirmati||23|4|1848||18|7|1935}}) adalah [[wali kota]] kedua [[Calgary, Alberta|Calgary]], [[Alberta]].\n\n== Biografi ==\nKing lahir di [[Chelmsford, Inggris]] pada tahun [[1848]]. Pada usia 26 tahun ia meninggalkan [[Inggris]] dan pindah ke [[Kanada]], Ia tiba di [[Toronto, Ontario]] pada tahun [[1874]].\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~dsucha/mountie/king.html Mounted Police of Calgaries Cemeteries: George Clift King] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812030839/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~dsucha/mountie/king.html |date=2007-08-12 }}\n* [http://members.shaw.ca/rcmpvets.calgary/king.htm Calgary RCMP Vets: George Clift King] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623232831/http://www.members.shaw.ca/rcmpvets.calgary/king.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}\n\n{{start box}}\n{{succession box|\n before=[[George Murdoch]]|\n title=[[Daftar Wali Kota Calgary, Alberta|Wali Kota Calgary]]|\n years=1886-1888|\n after=[[Arthur Edwin Shelton]]\n}}\n{{end box}}\n\n{{lifetime|1848|1935|}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:King, George Clift}}\n[[Kategori:Politikus Kanada]]\n\n\n{{Negara-bio-stub|Kanada}}","hash":"b72ab5ab6ac9b6c8dfc962c2f3e60f3eec12b44a9a05176193bd5f7a070a6098","last_revision":"2023-07-31T14:47:44Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:46:59Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.750052","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"George Clift King","es":"George Clift King","ru":"Кинг, Джордж Клифт"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"George Clift King () adalah wali kota kedua Calgary, Alberta.\n\nKing lahir di Chelmsford, Inggris pada tahun 1848. Pada usia 26 tahun ia meninggalkan Inggris dan pindah ke Kanada, Ia tiba di Toronto, Ontario pada tahun 1874.\n\nMounted Police of Calgaries Cemeteries: George Clift King Calgary RCMP Vets: George Clift King\n\nKategori:Politikus Kanada\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox officeholder\n|name = George Clift King\n|image = George Clift King.jpg\n|imagesize= \n|office=Wali kota Calgary\n|predecessor=[[George Murdoch]]\n|successor=[[Arthur Edwin Shelton]]\n|term_start=4 November 1886\n|term_end=16 Januari 1888\n|birth_date= {{Birth date|1848|04|23}}\n|birth_place= [[Chelmsford, Inggris]]\n|death_date= {{death date and age|1935|07|18|1848|04|22}}\n|death_place= \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"George Clift King () adalah wali kota kedua Calgary, Alberta.","translated_text":"George Clift King () was the second mayor of Calgary, Alberta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biografi","translated_text":"His biography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"King lahir di Chelmsford, Inggris pada tahun 1848.","translated_text":"King was born in Chelmsford, England in 1848.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada usia 26 tahun ia meninggalkan Inggris dan pindah ke Kanada, Ia tiba di Toronto, Ontario pada tahun 1874.","translated_text":"At the age of 26 he left England and moved to Canada, arriving in Toronto, Ontario in 1874.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mounted Police of Calgaries Cemeteries: George Clift King Calgary RCMP Vets: George Clift King","translated_text":"Mounted Police of Calgaries Cemetery: George Clift King Calgary RCMP Vets: George Clift King","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812030839/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~dsucha/mountie/king.html |date=2007-08-12 }}","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070812030839/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~dsucha/mountie/king.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.826135-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623232831/http://www.members.shaw.ca/rcmpvets.calgary/king.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070623232831/http://www.members.shaw.ca/rcmpvets.calgary/king.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.895849-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Politikus Kanada","translated_text":"Category:Canadian politician","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Mounted Police of Calgaries Cemeteries: George Clift King Calgary RCMP Vets: George Clift King","translated_text":"Mounted Police of Calgaries Cemetery: George Clift King Calgary RCMP Vets: George Clift King","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812030839/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~dsucha/mountie/king.html |date=2007-08-12 }}","char_index":58,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070812030839/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~dsucha/mountie/king.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.826135-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623232831/http://www.members.shaw.ca/rcmpvets.calgary/king.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070623232831/http://www.members.shaw.ca/rcmpvets.calgary/king.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.895849-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
+{"title":"Raphael Supusepa","wikicode":"{{Nama Maluku|([[Suku Ambon|Ambon]])|Supusepa}}\n{{Infobox football biography\n|name= Raphael Supusepa\n|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1978|8|13}}\n|birth_place= [[Wormerveer]], [[Belanda]]\n|position= [[Pemain tengah]]\n|years1= \n|clubs1= [[AFC Ajax]]\n|caps1= 1\n|goals1= 0\n|years2= 1999-2002\n|clubs2= [[SBV Excelsior]]\n|caps2= 81\n|goals2= 3\n|years3= 2002-2003\n|clubs3= [[HFC Haarlem]]\n|caps3= 32\n|goals3= 2\n|years4= 2003-2004\n|clubs4= [[FC Dordrecht]]\n|caps4= 23\n|goals4= 3\n|years5= 2004-2006/07\n|clubs5= [[MVV Maastricht]]\n|caps5= 77\n|goals5= 0\n|clubs6= [[Quick Boys]]\n|clubs7= [[IJsselmeervogels]]\n|clubs8= [[FC Lisse]]\n|clubs9= [[:nl:RKVV Saenden|RKVV Saenden]]\n}}\n\n'''Raphael Supusepa''' ({{lahirmati|[[Wormerveer]], [[Belanda]]|12|8|1978}}) adalah pensiunan pemain sepak bola [[Belanda]].\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Lihat juga ==\n\n* [[Daftar pemain Ajax Amsterdam]]\n* [[Daftar pemain MVV Maastricht]]\n\n{{lifetime|1978||Supusepa, Raphael}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Belanda]]","hash":"e10021d47ecdaedce723d1f132867fdc5810041ddb3bc44b65df77b2b16cdb5b","last_revision":"2023-07-03T02:17:58Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T03:58:31Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.823142","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"رافائيل سوببسيبا","en":"Raphael Supusepa","nl":"Raphael Supusepa"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Raphael Supusepa () adalah pensiunan pemain sepak bola Belanda.\n\nDaftar pemain Ajax Amsterdam Daftar pemain MVV Maastricht\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Belanda\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n|name= Raphael Supusepa\n|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1978|8|13}}\n|birth_place= [[Wormerveer]], [[Belanda]]\n|position= [[Pemain tengah]]\n|years1= \n|clubs1= [[AFC Ajax]]\n|caps1= 1\n|goals1= 0\n|years2= 1999-2002\n|clubs2= [[SBV Excelsior]]\n|caps2= 81\n|goals2= 3\n|years3= 2002-2003\n|clubs3= [[HFC Haarlem]]\n|caps3= 32\n|goals3= 2\n|years4= 2003-2004\n|clubs4= [[FC Dordrecht]]\n|caps4= 23\n|goals4= 3\n|years5= 2004-2006/07\n|clubs5= [[MVV Maastricht]]\n|caps5= 77\n|goals5= 0\n|clubs6= [[Quick Boys]]\n|clubs7= [[IJsselmeervogels]]\n|clubs8= [[FC Lisse]]\n|clubs9= [[:nl:RKVV Saenden|RKVV Saenden]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Raphael Supusepa () adalah pensiunan pemain sepak bola Belanda.","translated_text":"Raphael Supusepa () is a retired Dutch footballer.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat juga","translated_text":"See also","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daftar pemain Ajax Amsterdam Daftar pemain MVV Maastricht","translated_text":"List of players of Ajax Amsterdam List of players of MVV Maastricht","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Belanda","translated_text":"Dutch footballer","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]}
+{"title":"Simon Tahamata","wikicode":"{{Nama Maluku|[[Suku Ambon|Ambon]]|Tahamata}}\n{{Infobox football biography\n| name = Simon Tahamata\n| image = Simon Tahamata 1978c.jpg\n| image_size = 230px\n| caption = Simon Tahamata saat 1978\n| fullname = Simon Melkianus Tahamata\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1956|5|26}}\n| birth_place = [[Vught]], [[Belanda]]\n| height = {{height|m=1,64}}\n| position = [[Sayap kiri]] \n| currentclub = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] (pelatih teknik yunior)\n| youthclubs1 = Theole\n| youthyears1 = 1967–1971\n| youthclubs2 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]\n| youthyears2 = 1971–1976\n| years1 = 1976–1980\n| years2 = 1980–1984\n| years3 = 1984–1987\n| years4 = 1987–1990\n| years5 = 1990–1996\n| clubs1 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]\n| clubs2 = [[Standard Liège]]\n| clubs3 = [[Feyenoord]]\n| clubs4 = [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Beerschot]]\n| clubs5 = [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Germinal Ekeren]]\n| caps1 = 109\n| caps2 = 129\n| caps3 = 87 \n| caps4 = 99 \n| caps5 = 180\n| goals1 = 14 \n| goals2 = 40\n| goals3 = 29\n| goals4 = 12\n| goals5 = 19\n| totalcaps = 604\n|totalgoals = 114\n| nationalyears1 = 1979–1986\n| nationalteam1 = [[Tim nasional sepak bola Belanda|Belanda]]\n| nationalcaps1 = 22\n| nationalgoals1 = 2\n| manageryears1 = 1996–2000\n| manageryears2 = 2000–2004\n| manageryears3 = 2004–2009\n| manageryears4 = 2009–2014\n| manageryears5 = 2014–\n| managerclubs1 = [[Standard Liège]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs2 = [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Germinal Beerschot]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs3 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs4 = [[Al-Ahli (Jeddah)|Al-Ahli]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs5 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] (yunior)\n| pcupdate = \n| ntupdate = \n}}\n\n'''Simon Melkianus Tahamata''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈsimɔn mɛlkiˈaːnɵs ˈtaːɦaːmaːtaː}}; {{lahirmati|[[Vught]], [[Belanda]]|26|5|1956}}) adalah mantan pemain sepak bola [[Belanda]] yang berasal dari Maluku Selatan, yang pernah bermain untuk klub Belanda dan Belgia. Dia telah bermain 22 kali untuk [[Tim nasional sepak bola Belanda|tim nasional Belanda]], di mana dia mencetak dua gol. Tahamata lahir di Belanda, tetapi mengambil kewarganegaraan [[Belgia]] pada tahun 1990.[[http://www.senate.be/lexdocs/S0520/S05201188.pdf Naturalisation list Belgian Senate 20 June 1990]. senate.be. (Document not viewable on website on 29 November 2016).]\n\n== Karier klub ==\nSebagai pemain muda Tahamata bermain untuk Theole dari [[Tiel]] dan untuk [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] dari [[Amsterdam]]. Kemudian pada 24 Oktober 1976 ia melakukan debutnya untuk [[Ajax Amsterdam]], (Ajax-FC Utrecht 7-0). Bersama Ajax ia memenangkan gelar nasional tiga kali ([[Eredivisie 1976-1977|1976–1977]], [[Eredivisie 1978-1979|1978–1979]], [[Eredivisie 1979-1980|1979–1980]]) dan ia menjadi runner-up sekali ([[Eredivisie 1977-1978|1977–1978]]). Dengan Ajax ia bermain di tiga final piala nasional ([[Piala KNVB 1977–1978|1977–1978]], [[Piala KNVB 1978–1979|1978–1979]], [[Piala KNVB 1979–1980|1979–1980]]), di mana tengah dimenangkan. Tahamata mencapai semifinal turnamen Piala Eropa I dengan Ajax ([[Piala Champions Eropa 1979–1980|1979–1980]]).\n\nPertengahan 1980 Tahamata berangkat ke [[Belgia]], di mana dia bermain untuk [[Standard Liège]]. Dengan tim ini ia menjadi juara nasional dua kali ([[Liga Profesional Belgia 1981-1982|1981–1982]] dan [[Liga Profesional Belgia 1982–1983|1982–1983]]). Dengan Standard dia memenangkan piala nasional sekali ([[Liga Profesional Belgia 1980-1981|1980-1981]]). Tahamata mencapai dengan Standard di final turnamen Piala Eropa II ([[Final Piala Winners Eropa 1982|1981-1982]]). Pada 1984, ia kembali ke [[Belanda]] untuk bermain untuk [[Feyenoord]]. Pada tahun 1987, ia kembali bergabung dengan kompetisi Belgia, bermain untuk [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Beerschot]] dan [[Germinal Ekeren]]. Bersama Germinal, dia sekali lagi mencapai final piala nasional ([[Liga Profesional Belgia 1994–1995|1994–1995]]). Tahamata menyelesaikan karirnya sebagai pesepak bola aktif pada tahun 1996.\n\n== Karier internasional ==\nTahamata melakukan debut tim nasionalnya pada 22 Mei 1979 di [[Bern]], [[Swiss]] dalam Pertandingan Peringatan ke-75 [[FIFA]] melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Argentina|Argentina]].[[http://www.voetbalstats.nl/opstelnedxi.php?wid=382 Line-up Dutch national team 22 May 1979]. Voetbalstats.nl (22 May 1979). Retrieved on 29 November 2016.] Dia akhirnya mendapatkan 22 caps dan mencetak 2 gol. Dia memainkan pertandingan internasional terakhirnya pada 21 Desember 1986 di [[Limassol]], [[Siprus]] melawan [[Tim nasional sepak bola Siprus|Siprus]].\n\n== Karier manajerial ==\nSetelah karirnya sebagai pemain sepak bola profesional, Tahamata kemudian bekerja sebagai pelatih muda untuk [[Standard Liège]], [[Germinal Beerschot]] dan [[Ajax Amsterdam]].[{{Cite news|title=Tahamata terug als jeugdtrainer Ajax|publisher=NRC|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2004/04/28/tahamata-terug-als-jeugdtrainer-ajax-7684014-a1086168|language=Dutch|date=28 April 2004|accessdate=29 November 2016}}] Sesekali ia juga bermain untuk tim pemain lama Ajax, bernama Lucky Ajax. Sejak 2009 ia bekerja sebagai pelatih teknis untuk tim yunior U-10 hingga U-15 di klub sepak bola Arab Saudi [[Al-Ahli (Jeddah)|Al-Ahli]].[{{Cite news|title=Tahamata ruilt Ajax voor jeugd Al-Ahli|publisher=De Gelderlander|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/sport/voetbal/amateurvoetbal/tahamata-ruilt-ajax-voor-jeugd-al-ahli-1.2836303|language=Dutch|date=11 April 2009|accessdate=29 November 2016}}] Sejak Oktober 2014 Tahamata kembali ke Ajax.[{{Cite news|title=Simon Tahamata terug bij Ajax|publisher=Trouw|url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4508/Sport/article/detail/3748667/2014/09/16/Simon-Tahamata-terug-bij-Ajax.dhtml|language=Dutch|date=16 September 2014|accessdate=29 November 2016}}] Dia bekerja sebagai pelatih keterampilan teknis untuk tim yunior klub sepak bola Amsterdam dan melatih para pemain sayap secara khusus dan individual. Sejak September 2015, di samping tugasnya di Ajax ia juga memiliki akademi sepak bola, Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (disingkat STSA), di mana pemain berbakat dengan karakter 'sulit' dan / atau latar belakang budaya (berusia 8 hingga 14 tahun) ditawarkan rencana pengembangan individu.[[http://www.kfc1910.nl/1/1200/talentendag-simon-tahamata-bij-kfc/ Talentendag Simon Tahamata bij KFC] 11 May 2015. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.] Pelatihan khusus berkontribusi pada perkembangan pemain dan bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kualitas sepak bola dan karakter pemain.[[http://www.stsa.nl Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/ |date=2021-01-22 }} Site under construction. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]\n\n== Trivia ==\nPada 1979, Simon Tahamata merilis 7\"-vinyl single \"[[We gaan naar Rome]]\" menjelang [[Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 1980]], menyusul penempatan Belanda di antara delapan besar.\n\nSejak 2013 [[Arriva]] naik jalur di [[Achterhoek]] dengan [[Spurt (jalur kereta api Belanda)|treinstel 10254]] bernama Simon Tahamata.[{{Cite news|date=16 November 2012|title=Hiddink en Flipje op treinen van Arriva|language=Dutch|publisher=De Gelderlander|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/achterhoek/hiddink-en-flipje-op-treinen-van-arriva-1.3488020|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]\n\n== Statistik ==\n{|Class=\"wikitable\"\n! Musim\n! Klub\n! Negara\n! Kompetisi\n! Pertandingan\n! Gol\n|-\n|1976/77 ||[[AFC Ajax]] ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|[[Eredivisie]] ||15 ||0\n|-\n|1977/78 ||AFC Ajax ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||29 ||2\n|-\n|1978/79 ||AFC Ajax ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||32 ||4\n|-\n|1979/80 ||AFC Ajax ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||33 ||8\n|-\n|1980/81 ||[[Standard de Liège]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|[[Eerste klasse (sepak bola Belgia)|Eerste Klasse]] ||33 ||4\n|-\n|1981/82 ||[[Standard de Liege]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||12\n|-\n|1982/83 ||[[Royal Standard de Liège|Standard de Liège]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||19\n|-\n|1983/84 ||[[Royal Standard de Liege|Standard de Liège]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||28 ||5\n|-\n|1984/85 ||[[Feyenoord]] ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|[[Eredivisie]] ||19 ||7\n|-\n|1985/86 ||Feyenoord ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||34 ||6\n|-\n|1986/87 ||Feyenoord ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||34 ||16\n|-\n|1987/88 ||[[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Beerschot]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||6\n|-\n|1988/89 ||Beerschot ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||32 ||3\n|-\n|1989/90 ||Beerschot ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||33 ||3\n|-\n|1990/91 ||[[Germinal Ekeren]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||6\n|-\n|1991/92 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||32 ||4\n|-\n|1992/93 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||27 ||2\n|-\n|1993/94 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||33 ||5\n|-\n|1994/95 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||31 ||2\n|-\n|1995/96 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||23 ||0\n|-\n| '''Total''' || || || || '''604''' || '''114'''\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons category}}\n* [http://www.beijen.net/frank/cvs/tahamata-s.htm Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221090644/http://www.beijen.net/frank/cvs/tahamata-s.htm |date=2013-02-21 }} {{in lang|nl}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Tahamata, Simon}}\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola Belanda]]\n[[Kategori:Pemain sepak bola keturunan Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Indonesia-Belanda]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Vught]]","hash":"a4e398cbf2141e5dec7e73569b23a6b47c5751d94d203189c69ed9083d772328","last_revision":"2024-03-09T19:03:32Z","first_revision":"2010-10-29T04:20:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T10:36:00.874042","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"سيمون تاهاماتا","de":"Simon Tahamata","el":"Σιμόν Ταχαμάτα","en":"Simon Tahamata","fr":"Simon Tahamata","hu":"Simon Tahamata","it":"Simon Tahamata","ka":"სიმონ ტაჰამატა","nl":"Simon Tahamata","pl":"Simon Tahamata","pt":"Simon Tahamata","ru":"Тахамата, Симон","szl":"Simon Tahamata","uk":"Сімон Тахамата","vo":"Simon Tahamata"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T00:57:58.186668","text":"Simon Melkianus Tahamata (; ) adalah mantan pemain sepak bola Belanda yang berasal dari Maluku Selatan, yang pernah bermain untuk klub Belanda dan Belgia. Dia telah bermain 22 kali untuk tim nasional Belanda, di mana dia mencetak dua gol. Tahamata lahir di Belanda, tetapi mengambil kewarganegaraan Belgia pada tahun 1990.\n\nSebagai pemain muda Tahamata bermain untuk Theole dari Tiel dan untuk Ajax dari Amsterdam. Kemudian pada 24 Oktober 1976 ia melakukan debutnya untuk Ajax Amsterdam, (Ajax-FC Utrecht 7-0). Bersama Ajax ia memenangkan gelar nasional tiga kali (1976–1977, 1978–1979, 1979–1980) dan ia menjadi runner-up sekali (1977–1978). Dengan Ajax ia bermain di tiga final piala nasional (1977–1978, 1978–1979, 1979–1980), di mana tengah dimenangkan. Tahamata mencapai semifinal turnamen Piala Eropa I dengan Ajax (1979–1980).\n\nPertengahan 1980 Tahamata berangkat ke Belgia, di mana dia bermain untuk Standard Liège. Dengan tim ini ia menjadi juara nasional dua kali (1981–1982 dan 1982–1983). Dengan Standard dia memenangkan piala nasional sekali (1980-1981). Tahamata mencapai dengan Standard di final turnamen Piala Eropa II (1981-1982). Pada 1984, ia kembali ke Belanda untuk bermain untuk Feyenoord. Pada tahun 1987, ia kembali bergabung dengan kompetisi Belgia, bermain untuk Beerschot dan Germinal Ekeren. Bersama Germinal, dia sekali lagi mencapai final piala nasional (1994–1995). Tahamata menyelesaikan karirnya sebagai pesepak bola aktif pada tahun 1996.\n\nTahamata melakukan debut tim nasionalnya pada 22 Mei 1979 di Bern, Swiss dalam Pertandingan Peringatan ke-75 FIFA melawan Argentina. Dia akhirnya mendapatkan 22 caps dan mencetak 2 gol. Dia memainkan pertandingan internasional terakhirnya pada 21 Desember 1986 di Limassol, Siprus melawan Siprus.\n\nSetelah karirnya sebagai pemain sepak bola profesional, Tahamata kemudian bekerja sebagai pelatih muda untuk Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot dan Ajax Amsterdam. Sesekali ia juga bermain untuk tim pemain lama Ajax, bernama Lucky Ajax. Sejak 2009 ia bekerja sebagai pelatih teknis untuk tim yunior U-10 hingga U-15 di klub sepak bola Arab Saudi Al-Ahli. Sejak Oktober 2014 Tahamata kembali ke Ajax. Dia bekerja sebagai pelatih keterampilan teknis untuk tim yunior klub sepak bola Amsterdam dan melatih para pemain sayap secara khusus dan individual. Sejak September 2015, di samping tugasnya di Ajax ia juga memiliki akademi sepak bola, Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (disingkat STSA), di mana pemain berbakat dengan karakter 'sulit' dan / atau latar belakang budaya (berusia 8 hingga 14 tahun) ditawarkan rencana pengembangan individu. Pelatihan khusus berkontribusi pada perkembangan pemain dan bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kualitas sepak bola dan karakter pemain.\n\nPada 1979, Simon Tahamata merilis 7\"-vinyl single \"We gaan naar Rome\" menjelang Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 1980, menyusul penempatan Belanda di antara delapan besar.\n\nSejak 2013 Arriva naik jalur di Achterhoek dengan treinstel 10254 bernama Simon Tahamata.\n\nProfile\n\nKategori:Pemain sepak bola Belanda Kategori:Pemain sepak bola keturunan Indonesia Kategori:Indonesia-Belanda Kategori:Tokoh dari Vught\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox football biography\n| name = Simon Tahamata\n| image = Simon Tahamata 1978c.jpg\n| image_size = 230px\n| caption = Simon Tahamata saat 1978\n| fullname = Simon Melkianus Tahamata\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1956|5|26}}\n| birth_place = [[Vught]], [[Belanda]]\n| height = {{height|m=1,64}}\n| position = [[Sayap kiri]] \n| currentclub = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] (pelatih teknik yunior)\n| youthclubs1 = Theole\n| youthyears1 = 1967–1971\n| youthclubs2 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]\n| youthyears2 = 1971–1976\n| years1 = 1976–1980\n| years2 = 1980–1984\n| years3 = 1984–1987\n| years4 = 1987–1990\n| years5 = 1990–1996\n| clubs1 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]\n| clubs2 = [[Standard Liège]]\n| clubs3 = [[Feyenoord]]\n| clubs4 = [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Beerschot]]\n| clubs5 = [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Germinal Ekeren]]\n| caps1 = 109\n| caps2 = 129\n| caps3 = 87 \n| caps4 = 99 \n| caps5 = 180\n| goals1 = 14 \n| goals2 = 40\n| goals3 = 29\n| goals4 = 12\n| goals5 = 19\n| totalcaps = 604\n|totalgoals = 114\n| nationalyears1 = 1979–1986\n| nationalteam1 = [[Tim nasional sepak bola Belanda|Belanda]]\n| nationalcaps1 = 22\n| nationalgoals1 = 2\n| manageryears1 = 1996–2000\n| manageryears2 = 2000–2004\n| manageryears3 = 2004–2009\n| manageryears4 = 2009–2014\n| manageryears5 = 2014–\n| managerclubs1 = [[Standard Liège]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs2 = [[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Germinal Beerschot]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs3 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs4 = [[Al-Ahli (Jeddah)|Al-Ahli]] (yunior)\n| managerclubs5 = [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] (yunior)\n| pcupdate = \n| ntupdate = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Simon Melkianus Tahamata (; ) adalah mantan pemain sepak bola Belanda yang berasal dari Maluku Selatan, yang pernah bermain untuk klub Belanda dan Belgia.","translated_text":"Simon Melkianus Tahamata (;) is a former Dutch footballer from South Maluku, who played for Dutch and Belgian clubs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia telah bermain 22 kali untuk tim nasional Belanda, di mana dia mencetak dua gol.","translated_text":"He has played 22 times for the Dutch national team, where he scored two goals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahamata lahir di Belanda, tetapi mengambil kewarganegaraan Belgia pada tahun 1990.","translated_text":"Tahamata was born in the Netherlands, but took Belgian citizenship in 1990.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.senate.be/lexdocs/S0520/S05201188.pdf Naturalisation list Belgian Senate 20 June 1990]. senate.be. (Document not viewable on website on 29 November 2016).]","char_index":83,"name":null,"url":"http://www.senate.be/lexdocs/S0520/S05201188.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1629,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.966144-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier klub","translated_text":"Club career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai pemain muda Tahamata bermain untuk Theole dari Tiel dan untuk Ajax dari Amsterdam.","translated_text":"As a young player Tahamata played for Theole of Tiel and for Ajax of Amsterdam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian pada 24 Oktober 1976 ia melakukan debutnya untuk Ajax Amsterdam, (Ajax-FC Utrecht 7-0).","translated_text":"Then on 24 October 1976 he made his debut for Ajax Amsterdam, (Ajax-FC Utrecht 7-0).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama Ajax ia memenangkan gelar nasional tiga kali (1976–1977, 1978–1979, 1979–1980) dan ia menjadi runner-up sekali (1977–1978).","translated_text":"With Ajax he won the national title three times (1976 ⁇ 1977, 1978 ⁇ 1979, 1979 ⁇ 1980) and he was runner-up once (1977 ⁇ 1978).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan Ajax ia bermain di tiga final piala nasional (1977–1978, 1978–1979, 1979–1980), di mana tengah dimenangkan.","translated_text":"With Ajax he played in three national cup finals (1977 ⁇ 1978, 1978 ⁇ 1979, 1979 ⁇ 1980), where the centre was victorious.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahamata mencapai semifinal turnamen Piala Eropa I dengan Ajax (1979–1980).","translated_text":"Tahamata reached the semi-finals of the European Cup I tournament with Ajax (1979 ⁇ 1980).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pertengahan 1980 Tahamata berangkat ke Belgia, di mana dia bermain untuk Standard Liège.","translated_text":"In mid-1980 Tahamata left for Belgium, where he played for Standard Liège.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan tim ini ia menjadi juara nasional dua kali (1981–1982 dan 1982–1983).","translated_text":"With this team he became national champion twice (1981 ⁇ 1982 and 1982 ⁇ 1983).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan Standard dia memenangkan piala nasional sekali (1980-1981).","translated_text":"With Standard he won the national championship once (1980-1981).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahamata mencapai dengan Standard di final turnamen Piala Eropa II (1981-1982).","translated_text":"Tahamata reached with Standard in the final of the European Cup II tournament (1981-1982).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 1984, ia kembali ke Belanda untuk bermain untuk Feyenoord.","translated_text":"In 1984, he returned to the Netherlands to play for Feyenoord.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1987, ia kembali bergabung dengan kompetisi Belgia, bermain untuk Beerschot dan Germinal Ekeren.","translated_text":"In 1987, he rejoined the Belgian competition, playing for Beerschot and Germinal Ekeren.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama Germinal, dia sekali lagi mencapai final piala nasional (1994–1995).","translated_text":"With Germinal, he once again reached the national cup final (1994 ⁇ 1995).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahamata menyelesaikan karirnya sebagai pesepak bola aktif pada tahun 1996.","translated_text":"Tahamata finished his career as an active footballer in 1996.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier internasional","translated_text":"International career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahamata melakukan debut tim nasionalnya pada 22 Mei 1979 di Bern, Swiss dalam Pertandingan Peringatan ke-75 FIFA melawan Argentina.","translated_text":"Tahamata made his national team debut on 22 May 1979 in Bern, Switzerland in the 75th FIFA Remembrance Match against Argentina.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.voetbalstats.nl/opstelnedxi.php?wid=382 Line-up Dutch national team 22 May 1979]. Voetbalstats.nl (22 May 1979). Retrieved on 29 November 2016.]","char_index":132,"name":null,"url":"http://www.voetbalstats.nl/opstelnedxi.php?wid=382","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":83825,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:27.266819-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia akhirnya mendapatkan 22 caps dan mencetak 2 gol.","translated_text":"He ended up getting 22 caps and scoring 2 goals.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia memainkan pertandingan internasional terakhirnya pada 21 Desember 1986 di Limassol, Siprus melawan Siprus.","translated_text":"He played his last international match on 21 December 1986 in Limassol, Cyprus against Cyprus.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier manajerial","translated_text":"Managerial career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah karirnya sebagai pemain sepak bola profesional, Tahamata kemudian bekerja sebagai pelatih muda untuk Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot dan Ajax Amsterdam.","translated_text":"After his career as a professional footballer, Tahamata then worked as a youth coach for Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot and Ajax Amsterdam.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|title=Tahamata terug als jeugdtrainer Ajax|publisher=NRC|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2004/04/28/tahamata-terug-als-jeugdtrainer-ajax-7684014-a1086168|language=Dutch|date=28 April 2004|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":163,"name":null,"url":"https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2004/04/28/tahamata-terug-als-jeugdtrainer-ajax-7684014-a1086168","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":67270,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:27.942665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (74 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sesekali ia juga bermain untuk tim pemain lama Ajax, bernama Lucky Ajax.","translated_text":"Occasionally he also played for a team of old Ajax players, named Lucky Ajax.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak 2009 ia bekerja sebagai pelatih teknis untuk tim yunior U-10 hingga U-15 di klub sepak bola Arab Saudi Al-Ahli.","translated_text":"Since 2009 he has been working as a technical coach for the junior U-10 to U-15 teams at the Saudi Arabian football club Al-Ahli.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|title=Tahamata ruilt Ajax voor jeugd Al-Ahli|publisher=De Gelderlander|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/sport/voetbal/amateurvoetbal/tahamata-ruilt-ajax-voor-jeugd-al-ahli-1.2836303|language=Dutch|date=11 April 2009|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gelderlander.nl/sport/voetbal/amateurvoetbal/tahamata-ruilt-ajax-voor-jeugd-al-ahli-1.2836303","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8541,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:28.440792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak Oktober 2014 Tahamata kembali ke Ajax.","translated_text":"Since October 2014 Tahamata has returned to Ajax.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|title=Simon Tahamata terug bij Ajax|publisher=Trouw|url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4508/Sport/article/detail/3748667/2014/09/16/Simon-Tahamata-terug-bij-Ajax.dhtml|language=Dutch|date=16 September 2014|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":44,"name":null,"url":"http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4508/Sport/article/detail/3748667/2014/09/16/Simon-Tahamata-terug-bij-Ajax.dhtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":210500,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:28.575990-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (84 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia bekerja sebagai pelatih keterampilan teknis untuk tim yunior klub sepak bola Amsterdam dan melatih para pemain sayap secara khusus dan individual.","translated_text":"He worked as a technical skills coach for the Amsterdam football club's junior team and coached wingers specifically and individually.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak September 2015, di samping tugasnya di Ajax ia juga memiliki akademi sepak bola, Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (disingkat STSA), di mana pemain berbakat dengan karakter 'sulit' dan / atau latar belakang budaya (berusia 8 hingga 14 tahun) ditawarkan rencana pengembangan individu.","translated_text":"Since September 2015, in addition to his duties at Ajax he also has a football academy, the Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (abbreviated STSA), where talented players with 'difficult' characters and/or cultural backgrounds (ages 8 to 14) are offered individual development plans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.kfc1910.nl/1/1200/talentendag-simon-tahamata-bij-kfc/ Talentendag Simon Tahamata bij KFC] 11 May 2015. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]","char_index":285,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kfc1910.nl/1/1200/talentendag-simon-tahamata-bij-kfc/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":548073,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:29.599192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pelatihan khusus berkontribusi pada perkembangan pemain dan bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kualitas sepak bola dan karakter pemain.","translated_text":"Special training contributes to player development and aims to maximize the quality of football and player character.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.stsa.nl Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/ |date=2021-01-22 }} Site under construction. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"http://www.stsa.nl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":18357,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:31.111541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.17431640625},{"content":"[[http://www.stsa.nl Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/ |date=2021-01-22 }} Site under construction. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]","char_index":130,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:32.200994-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Trivia","translated_text":"The Trivia","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 1979, Simon Tahamata merilis 7\"-vinyl single \"We gaan naar Rome\" menjelang Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 1980, menyusul penempatan Belanda di antara delapan besar.","translated_text":"In 1979, Simon Tahamata released the 7\"-vinyl single \"We gaan naar Rome\" ahead of the 1980 UEFA European Championship, following the Netherlands' placement among the top eight.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak 2013 Arriva naik jalur di Achterhoek dengan treinstel 10254 bernama Simon Tahamata.","translated_text":"Since 2013 Arriva has been on the track in Achterhoek with the 10254 train named Simon Tahamata.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|date=16 November 2012|title=Hiddink en Flipje op treinen van Arriva|language=Dutch|publisher=De Gelderlander|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/achterhoek/hiddink-en-flipje-op-treinen-van-arriva-1.3488020|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/achterhoek/hiddink-en-flipje-op-treinen-van-arriva-1.3488020","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8515,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:32.270958-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik","translated_text":"The statistics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{|Class=\"wikitable\"\n! Musim\n! Klub\n! Negara\n! Kompetisi\n! Pertandingan\n! Gol\n|-\n|1976/77 ||[[AFC Ajax]] ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|[[Eredivisie]] ||15 ||0\n|-\n|1977/78 ||AFC Ajax ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||29 ||2\n|-\n|1978/79 ||AFC Ajax ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||32 ||4\n|-\n|1979/80 ||AFC Ajax ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||33 ||8\n|-\n|1980/81 ||[[Standard de Liège]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|[[Eerste klasse (sepak bola Belgia)|Eerste Klasse]] ||33 ||4\n|-\n|1981/82 ||[[Standard de Liege]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||12\n|-\n|1982/83 ||[[Royal Standard de Liège|Standard de Liège]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||19\n|-\n|1983/84 ||[[Royal Standard de Liege|Standard de Liège]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||28 ||5\n|-\n|1984/85 ||[[Feyenoord]] ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|[[Eredivisie]] ||19 ||7\n|-\n|1985/86 ||Feyenoord ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||34 ||6\n|-\n|1986/87 ||Feyenoord ||{{bendera|Belanda}}\n|Eredivisie ||34 ||16\n|-\n|1987/88 ||[[K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot|Beerschot]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||6\n|-\n|1988/89 ||Beerschot ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||32 ||3\n|-\n|1989/90 ||Beerschot ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||33 ||3\n|-\n|1990/91 ||[[Germinal Ekeren]] ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||34 ||6\n|-\n|1991/92 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||32 ||4\n|-\n|1992/93 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||27 ||2\n|-\n|1993/94 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||33 ||5\n|-\n|1994/95 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||31 ||2\n|-\n|1995/96 ||Germinal Ekeren ||{{bendera|Belgia}}\n|Eerste Klasse ||23 ||0\n|-\n| '''Total''' || || || || '''604''' || '''114'''\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Profile","translated_text":"Profile","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221090644/http://www.beijen.net/frank/cvs/tahamata-s.htm |date=2013-02-21 }}","char_index":7,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130221090644/http://www.beijen.net/frank/cvs/tahamata-s.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:32.382516-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Pemain sepak bola Belanda Kategori:Pemain sepak bola keturunan Indonesia Kategori:Indonesia-Belanda Kategori:Tokoh dari Vught","translated_text":":Dutch footballers Category:Footballers of Indonesian descent Category:Indonesia-Netherlands Category:Person from Vught","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Simon Melkianus Tahamata (; ) adalah mantan pemain sepak bola Belanda yang berasal dari Maluku Selatan, yang pernah bermain untuk klub Belanda dan Belgia. Dia telah bermain 22 kali untuk tim nasional Belanda, di mana dia mencetak dua gol. Tahamata lahir di Belanda, tetapi mengambil kewarganegaraan Belgia pada tahun 1990.","translated_text":"Simon Melkianus Tahamata (;) is a former Dutch footballer from South Maluku, who played for Dutch and Belgian clubs. He has played 22 times for the Dutch national team, where he scored two goals. Tahamata was born in the Netherlands, but took Belgian citizenship in 1990.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.senate.be/lexdocs/S0520/S05201188.pdf Naturalisation list Belgian Senate 20 June 1990]. senate.be. (Document not viewable on website on 29 November 2016).]","char_index":322,"name":null,"url":"http://www.senate.be/lexdocs/S0520/S05201188.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1629,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:26.966144-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tahamata melakukan debut tim nasionalnya pada 22 Mei 1979 di Bern, Swiss dalam Pertandingan Peringatan ke-75 FIFA melawan Argentina.","translated_text":"Tahamata made his national team debut on 22 May 1979 in Bern, Switzerland in the 75th FIFA Remembrance Match against Argentina.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.voetbalstats.nl/opstelnedxi.php?wid=382 Line-up Dutch national team 22 May 1979]. Voetbalstats.nl (22 May 1979). Retrieved on 29 November 2016.]","char_index":132,"name":null,"url":"http://www.voetbalstats.nl/opstelnedxi.php?wid=382","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":83825,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:27.266819-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah karirnya sebagai pemain sepak bola profesional, Tahamata kemudian bekerja sebagai pelatih muda untuk Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot dan Ajax Amsterdam.","translated_text":"After his career as a professional footballer, Tahamata then worked as a youth coach for Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot and Ajax Amsterdam.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|title=Tahamata terug als jeugdtrainer Ajax|publisher=NRC|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2004/04/28/tahamata-terug-als-jeugdtrainer-ajax-7684014-a1086168|language=Dutch|date=28 April 2004|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":163,"name":null,"url":"https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2004/04/28/tahamata-terug-als-jeugdtrainer-ajax-7684014-a1086168","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":67270,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:27.942665-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (74 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah karirnya sebagai pemain sepak bola profesional, Tahamata kemudian bekerja sebagai pelatih muda untuk Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot dan Ajax Amsterdam. Sesekali ia juga bermain untuk tim pemain lama Ajax, bernama Lucky Ajax. Sejak 2009 ia bekerja sebagai pelatih teknis untuk tim yunior U-10 hingga U-15 di klub sepak bola Arab Saudi Al-Ahli.","translated_text":"After his career as a professional footballer, Tahamata then worked as a youth coach for Standard Liège, Germinal Beerschot and Ajax Amsterdam. Occasionally he also played for a team of old Ajax players, named Lucky Ajax. Since 2009 he has been working as a technical coach for the junior U-10 to U-15 teams at the Saudi Arabian football club Al-Ahli.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|title=Tahamata ruilt Ajax voor jeugd Al-Ahli|publisher=De Gelderlander|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/sport/voetbal/amateurvoetbal/tahamata-ruilt-ajax-voor-jeugd-al-ahli-1.2836303|language=Dutch|date=11 April 2009|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":354,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gelderlander.nl/sport/voetbal/amateurvoetbal/tahamata-ruilt-ajax-voor-jeugd-al-ahli-1.2836303","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8541,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:28.440792-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sesekali ia juga bermain untuk tim pemain lama Ajax, bernama Lucky Ajax. Sejak 2009 ia bekerja sebagai pelatih teknis untuk tim yunior U-10 hingga U-15 di klub sepak bola Arab Saudi Al-Ahli. Sejak Oktober 2014 Tahamata kembali ke Ajax.","translated_text":"Occasionally he also played for a team of old Ajax players, named Lucky Ajax. Since 2009 he has been working as a technical coach for the junior U-10 to U-15 teams at the Saudi Arabian football club Al-Ahli. Since October 2014 Tahamata has returned to Ajax.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|title=Simon Tahamata terug bij Ajax|publisher=Trouw|url=http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4508/Sport/article/detail/3748667/2014/09/16/Simon-Tahamata-terug-bij-Ajax.dhtml|language=Dutch|date=16 September 2014|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":235,"name":null,"url":"http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4508/Sport/article/detail/3748667/2014/09/16/Simon-Tahamata-terug-bij-Ajax.dhtml","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":210500,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:28.575990-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (84 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak Oktober 2014 Tahamata kembali ke Ajax. Dia bekerja sebagai pelatih keterampilan teknis untuk tim yunior klub sepak bola Amsterdam dan melatih para pemain sayap secara khusus dan individual. Sejak September 2015, di samping tugasnya di Ajax ia juga memiliki akademi sepak bola, Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (disingkat STSA), di mana pemain berbakat dengan karakter 'sulit' dan / atau latar belakang budaya (berusia 8 hingga 14 tahun) ditawarkan rencana pengembangan individu.","translated_text":"Since October 2014 Tahamata has returned to Ajax. He worked as a technical skills coach for the Amsterdam football club's junior team and coached wingers specifically and individually. Since September 2015, in addition to his duties at Ajax he also has a football academy, the Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (abbreviated STSA), where talented players with 'difficult' characters and/or cultural backgrounds (ages 8 to 14) are offered individual development plans.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.kfc1910.nl/1/1200/talentendag-simon-tahamata-bij-kfc/ Talentendag Simon Tahamata bij KFC] 11 May 2015. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]","char_index":481,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kfc1910.nl/1/1200/talentendag-simon-tahamata-bij-kfc/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":548073,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:29.599192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (19 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dia bekerja sebagai pelatih keterampilan teknis untuk tim yunior klub sepak bola Amsterdam dan melatih para pemain sayap secara khusus dan individual. Sejak September 2015, di samping tugasnya di Ajax ia juga memiliki akademi sepak bola, Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (disingkat STSA), di mana pemain berbakat dengan karakter 'sulit' dan / atau latar belakang budaya (berusia 8 hingga 14 tahun) ditawarkan rencana pengembangan individu. Pelatihan khusus berkontribusi pada perkembangan pemain dan bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kualitas sepak bola dan karakter pemain.","translated_text":"He worked as a technical skills coach for the Amsterdam football club's junior team and coached wingers specifically and individually. Since September 2015, in addition to his duties at Ajax he also has a football academy, the Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy (abbreviated STSA), where talented players with 'difficult' characters and/or cultural backgrounds (ages 8 to 14) are offered individual development plans. Special training contributes to player development and aims to maximize the quality of football and player character.","citations":[{"content":"[[http://www.stsa.nl Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/ |date=2021-01-22 }} Site under construction. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]","char_index":567,"name":null,"url":"http://www.stsa.nl","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":18357,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:31.111541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.17431640625},{"content":"[[http://www.stsa.nl Simon Tahamata Soccer Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/ |date=2021-01-22 }} Site under construction. Retrieved on 27 February 2017.]","char_index":567,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121452/https://stsa.nl/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:32.200994-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sejak 2013 Arriva naik jalur di Achterhoek dengan treinstel 10254 bernama Simon Tahamata.","translated_text":"Since 2013 Arriva has been on the track in Achterhoek with the 10254 train named Simon Tahamata.","citations":[{"content":"[{{Cite news|date=16 November 2012|title=Hiddink en Flipje op treinen van Arriva|language=Dutch|publisher=De Gelderlander|url=http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/achterhoek/hiddink-en-flipje-op-treinen-van-arriva-1.3488020|accessdate=29 November 2016}}]","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"http://www.gelderlander.nl/regio/achterhoek/hiddink-en-flipje-op-treinen-van-arriva-1.3488020","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8515,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:32.270958-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Profile","translated_text":"Profile","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221090644/http://www.beijen.net/frank/cvs/tahamata-s.htm |date=2013-02-21 }}","char_index":7,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130221090644/http://www.beijen.net/frank/cvs/tahamata-s.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:34:32.382516-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]}
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